From 32e7c9e7f20b57dd081023ac42d6931a8da9b3a3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Amber Brown <hawkowl@atleastfornow.net>
Date: Thu, 20 Jun 2019 19:32:02 +1000
Subject: Run Black. (#5482)

---
 tests/handlers/test_auth.py           | 10 +++++-----
 tests/handlers/test_directory.py      |  8 ++++----
 tests/handlers/test_e2e_room_keys.py  | 18 +++++++++---------
 tests/handlers/test_register.py       | 31 ++++++++++++++-----------------
 tests/handlers/test_stats.py          |  5 +----
 tests/handlers/test_typing.py         | 16 ++++++++--------
 tests/handlers/test_user_directory.py |  8 ++++----
 7 files changed, 45 insertions(+), 51 deletions(-)

(limited to 'tests/handlers')

diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_auth.py b/tests/handlers/test_auth.py
index 1e39fe0ec2..b204a0700d 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_auth.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_auth.py
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ class AuthTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_mau_limits_disabled(self):
         self.hs.config.limit_usage_by_mau = False
         # Ensure does not throw exception
-        yield self.auth_handler.get_access_token_for_user_id('user_a')
+        yield self.auth_handler.get_access_token_for_user_id("user_a")
 
         yield self.auth_handler.validate_short_term_login_token_and_get_user_id(
             self._get_macaroon().serialize()
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ class AuthTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         )
 
         with self.assertRaises(ResourceLimitError):
-            yield self.auth_handler.get_access_token_for_user_id('user_a')
+            yield self.auth_handler.get_access_token_for_user_id("user_a")
 
         self.hs.get_datastore().get_monthly_active_count = Mock(
             return_value=defer.succeed(self.large_number_of_users)
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ class AuthTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             return_value=defer.succeed(self.hs.config.max_mau_value)
         )
         with self.assertRaises(ResourceLimitError):
-            yield self.auth_handler.get_access_token_for_user_id('user_a')
+            yield self.auth_handler.get_access_token_for_user_id("user_a")
 
         self.hs.get_datastore().get_monthly_active_count = Mock(
             return_value=defer.succeed(self.hs.config.max_mau_value)
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ class AuthTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.hs.get_datastore().get_monthly_active_count = Mock(
             return_value=defer.succeed(self.hs.config.max_mau_value)
         )
-        yield self.auth_handler.get_access_token_for_user_id('user_a')
+        yield self.auth_handler.get_access_token_for_user_id("user_a")
         self.hs.get_datastore().user_last_seen_monthly_active = Mock(
             return_value=defer.succeed(self.hs.get_clock().time_msec())
         )
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ class AuthTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             return_value=defer.succeed(self.small_number_of_users)
         )
         # Ensure does not raise exception
-        yield self.auth_handler.get_access_token_for_user_id('user_a')
+        yield self.auth_handler.get_access_token_for_user_id("user_a")
 
         self.hs.get_datastore().get_monthly_active_count = Mock(
             return_value=defer.succeed(self.small_number_of_users)
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_directory.py b/tests/handlers/test_directory.py
index 917548bb31..91c7a17070 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_directory.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_directory.py
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ class TestCreateAliasACL(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         request, channel = self.make_request(
             "PUT",
             b"directory/room/%23test%3Atest",
-            ('{"room_id":"%s"}' % (room_id,)).encode('ascii'),
+            ('{"room_id":"%s"}' % (room_id,)).encode("ascii"),
         )
         self.render(request)
         self.assertEquals(403, channel.code, channel.result)
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ class TestCreateAliasACL(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         request, channel = self.make_request(
             "PUT",
             b"directory/room/%23unofficial_test%3Atest",
-            ('{"room_id":"%s"}' % (room_id,)).encode('ascii'),
+            ('{"room_id":"%s"}' % (room_id,)).encode("ascii"),
         )
         self.render(request)
         self.assertEquals(200, channel.code, channel.result)
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ class TestRoomListSearchDisabled(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         room_id = self.helper.create_room_as(self.user_id)
 
         request, channel = self.make_request(
-            "PUT", b"directory/list/room/%s" % (room_id.encode('ascii'),), b'{}'
+            "PUT", b"directory/list/room/%s" % (room_id.encode("ascii"),), b"{}"
         )
         self.render(request)
         self.assertEquals(200, channel.code, channel.result)
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ class TestRoomListSearchDisabled(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         # Room list disabled so we shouldn't be allowed to publish rooms
         room_id = self.helper.create_room_as(self.user_id)
         request, channel = self.make_request(
-            "PUT", b"directory/list/room/%s" % (room_id.encode('ascii'),), b'{}'
+            "PUT", b"directory/list/room/%s" % (room_id.encode("ascii"),), b"{}"
         )
         self.render(request)
         self.assertEquals(403, channel.code, channel.result)
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_e2e_room_keys.py b/tests/handlers/test_e2e_room_keys.py
index 2e72a1dd23..c4503c1611 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_e2e_room_keys.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_e2e_room_keys.py
@@ -395,37 +395,37 @@ class E2eRoomKeysHandlerTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         yield self.handler.upload_room_keys(self.local_user, version, room_keys)
 
         new_room_keys = copy.deepcopy(room_keys)
-        new_room_key = new_room_keys['rooms']['!abc:matrix.org']['sessions']['c0ff33']
+        new_room_key = new_room_keys["rooms"]["!abc:matrix.org"]["sessions"]["c0ff33"]
 
         # test that increasing the message_index doesn't replace the existing session
-        new_room_key['first_message_index'] = 2
-        new_room_key['session_data'] = 'new'
+        new_room_key["first_message_index"] = 2
+        new_room_key["session_data"] = "new"
         yield self.handler.upload_room_keys(self.local_user, version, new_room_keys)
 
         res = yield self.handler.get_room_keys(self.local_user, version)
         self.assertEqual(
-            res['rooms']['!abc:matrix.org']['sessions']['c0ff33']['session_data'],
+            res["rooms"]["!abc:matrix.org"]["sessions"]["c0ff33"]["session_data"],
             "SSBBTSBBIEZJU0gK",
         )
 
         # test that marking the session as verified however /does/ replace it
-        new_room_key['is_verified'] = True
+        new_room_key["is_verified"] = True
         yield self.handler.upload_room_keys(self.local_user, version, new_room_keys)
 
         res = yield self.handler.get_room_keys(self.local_user, version)
         self.assertEqual(
-            res['rooms']['!abc:matrix.org']['sessions']['c0ff33']['session_data'], "new"
+            res["rooms"]["!abc:matrix.org"]["sessions"]["c0ff33"]["session_data"], "new"
         )
 
         # test that a session with a higher forwarded_count doesn't replace one
         # with a lower forwarding count
-        new_room_key['forwarded_count'] = 2
-        new_room_key['session_data'] = 'other'
+        new_room_key["forwarded_count"] = 2
+        new_room_key["session_data"] = "other"
         yield self.handler.upload_room_keys(self.local_user, version, new_room_keys)
 
         res = yield self.handler.get_room_keys(self.local_user, version)
         self.assertEqual(
-            res['rooms']['!abc:matrix.org']['sessions']['c0ff33']['session_data'], "new"
+            res["rooms"]["!abc:matrix.org"]["sessions"]["c0ff33"]["session_data"], "new"
         )
 
         # TODO: check edge cases as well as the common variations here
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_register.py b/tests/handlers/test_register.py
index 5ffba2ca7a..4edce7af43 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_register.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_register.py
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ class RegistrationTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         self.mock_distributor.declare("registered_user")
         self.mock_captcha_client = Mock()
         self.macaroon_generator = Mock(
-            generate_access_token=Mock(return_value='secret')
+            generate_access_token=Mock(return_value="secret")
         )
         self.hs.get_macaroon_generator = Mock(return_value=self.macaroon_generator)
         self.handler = self.hs.get_registration_handler()
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ class RegistrationTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         )
         self.assertEquals(result_user_id, user_id)
         self.assertTrue(result_token is not None)
-        self.assertEquals(result_token, 'secret')
+        self.assertEquals(result_token, "secret")
 
     def test_if_user_exists(self):
         store = self.hs.get_datastore()
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ class RegistrationTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         self.hs.config.limit_usage_by_mau = False
         # Ensure does not throw exception
         self.get_success(
-            self.handler.get_or_create_user(self.requester, 'a', "display_name")
+            self.handler.get_or_create_user(self.requester, "a", "display_name")
         )
 
     def test_get_or_create_user_mau_not_blocked(self):
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ class RegistrationTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
             return_value=defer.succeed(self.hs.config.max_mau_value - 1)
         )
         # Ensure does not throw exception
-        self.get_success(self.handler.get_or_create_user(self.requester, 'c', "User"))
+        self.get_success(self.handler.get_or_create_user(self.requester, "c", "User"))
 
     def test_get_or_create_user_mau_blocked(self):
         self.hs.config.limit_usage_by_mau = True
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ class RegistrationTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
             return_value=defer.succeed(self.lots_of_users)
         )
         self.get_failure(
-            self.handler.get_or_create_user(self.requester, 'b', "display_name"),
+            self.handler.get_or_create_user(self.requester, "b", "display_name"),
             ResourceLimitError,
         )
 
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ class RegistrationTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
             return_value=defer.succeed(self.hs.config.max_mau_value)
         )
         self.get_failure(
-            self.handler.get_or_create_user(self.requester, 'b', "display_name"),
+            self.handler.get_or_create_user(self.requester, "b", "display_name"),
             ResourceLimitError,
         )
 
@@ -144,13 +144,13 @@ class RegistrationTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
     def test_auto_create_auto_join_rooms(self):
         room_alias_str = "#room:test"
         self.hs.config.auto_join_rooms = [room_alias_str]
-        res = self.get_success(self.handler.register(localpart='jeff'))
+        res = self.get_success(self.handler.register(localpart="jeff"))
         rooms = self.get_success(self.store.get_rooms_for_user(res[0]))
         directory_handler = self.hs.get_handlers().directory_handler
         room_alias = RoomAlias.from_string(room_alias_str)
         room_id = self.get_success(directory_handler.get_association(room_alias))
 
-        self.assertTrue(room_id['room_id'] in rooms)
+        self.assertTrue(room_id["room_id"] in rooms)
         self.assertEqual(len(rooms), 1)
 
     def test_auto_create_auto_join_rooms_with_no_rooms(self):
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ class RegistrationTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         self.hs.config.autocreate_auto_join_rooms = False
         room_alias_str = "#room:test"
         self.hs.config.auto_join_rooms = [room_alias_str]
-        res = self.get_success(self.handler.register(localpart='jeff'))
+        res = self.get_success(self.handler.register(localpart="jeff"))
         rooms = self.get_success(self.store.get_rooms_for_user(res[0]))
         self.assertEqual(len(rooms), 0)
 
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ class RegistrationTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         self.hs.config.auto_join_rooms = [room_alias_str]
 
         self.store.is_support_user = Mock(return_value=True)
-        res = self.get_success(self.handler.register(localpart='support'))
+        res = self.get_success(self.handler.register(localpart="support"))
         rooms = self.get_success(self.store.get_rooms_for_user(res[0]))
         self.assertEqual(len(rooms), 0)
         directory_handler = self.hs.get_handlers().directory_handler
@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ class RegistrationTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
         # When:-
         #   * the user is registered and post consent actions are called
-        res = self.get_success(self.handler.register(localpart='jeff'))
+        res = self.get_success(self.handler.register(localpart="jeff"))
         self.get_success(self.handler.post_consent_actions(res[0]))
 
         # Then:-
@@ -221,17 +221,14 @@ class RegistrationTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
     def test_register_support_user(self):
         res = self.get_success(
-            self.handler.register(localpart='user', user_type=UserTypes.SUPPORT)
+            self.handler.register(localpart="user", user_type=UserTypes.SUPPORT)
         )
         self.assertTrue(self.store.is_support_user(res[0]))
 
     def test_register_not_support_user(self):
-        res = self.get_success(self.handler.register(localpart='user'))
+        res = self.get_success(self.handler.register(localpart="user"))
         self.assertFalse(self.store.is_support_user(res[0]))
 
     def test_invalid_user_id_length(self):
         invalid_user_id = "x" * 256
-        self.get_failure(
-            self.handler.register(localpart=invalid_user_id),
-            SynapseError
-        )
+        self.get_failure(self.handler.register(localpart=invalid_user_id), SynapseError)
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_stats.py b/tests/handlers/test_stats.py
index 2710c991cf..a8b858eb4f 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_stats.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_stats.py
@@ -265,10 +265,7 @@ class StatsRoomTests(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         while not self.get_success(self.store.has_completed_background_updates()):
             self.get_success(self.store.do_next_background_update(100), by=0.1)
 
-        events = {
-            "a1": None,
-            "a2": {"membership": Membership.JOIN},
-        }
+        events = {"a1": None, "a2": {"membership": Membership.JOIN}}
 
         def get_event(event_id, allow_none=True):
             if events.get(event_id):
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_typing.py b/tests/handlers/test_typing.py
index cb8b4d2913..5d5e324df2 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_typing.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_typing.py
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ def _expect_edu_transaction(edu_type, content, origin="test"):
 
 
 def _make_edu_transaction_json(edu_type, content):
-    return json.dumps(_expect_edu_transaction(edu_type, content)).encode('utf8')
+    return json.dumps(_expect_edu_transaction(edu_type, content)).encode("utf8")
 
 
 class TypingNotificationsTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ class TypingNotificationsTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
             )
         )
 
-        self.on_new_event.assert_has_calls([call('typing_key', 1, rooms=[ROOM_ID])])
+        self.on_new_event.assert_has_calls([call("typing_key", 1, rooms=[ROOM_ID])])
 
         self.assertEquals(self.event_source.get_current_key(), 1)
         events = self.event_source.get_new_events(room_ids=[ROOM_ID], from_key=0)
@@ -209,12 +209,12 @@ class TypingNotificationsTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
                     "typing": True,
                 },
             ),
-            federation_auth_origin=b'farm',
+            federation_auth_origin=b"farm",
         )
         self.render(request)
         self.assertEqual(channel.code, 200)
 
-        self.on_new_event.assert_has_calls([call('typing_key', 1, rooms=[ROOM_ID])])
+        self.on_new_event.assert_has_calls([call("typing_key", 1, rooms=[ROOM_ID])])
 
         self.assertEquals(self.event_source.get_current_key(), 1)
         events = self.event_source.get_new_events(room_ids=[ROOM_ID], from_key=0)
@@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ class TypingNotificationsTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
             )
         )
 
-        self.on_new_event.assert_has_calls([call('typing_key', 1, rooms=[ROOM_ID])])
+        self.on_new_event.assert_has_calls([call("typing_key", 1, rooms=[ROOM_ID])])
 
         put_json = self.hs.get_http_client().put_json
         put_json.assert_called_once_with(
@@ -285,7 +285,7 @@ class TypingNotificationsTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
             )
         )
 
-        self.on_new_event.assert_has_calls([call('typing_key', 1, rooms=[ROOM_ID])])
+        self.on_new_event.assert_has_calls([call("typing_key", 1, rooms=[ROOM_ID])])
         self.on_new_event.reset_mock()
 
         self.assertEquals(self.event_source.get_current_key(), 1)
@@ -303,7 +303,7 @@ class TypingNotificationsTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
         self.reactor.pump([16])
 
-        self.on_new_event.assert_has_calls([call('typing_key', 2, rooms=[ROOM_ID])])
+        self.on_new_event.assert_has_calls([call("typing_key", 2, rooms=[ROOM_ID])])
 
         self.assertEquals(self.event_source.get_current_key(), 2)
         events = self.event_source.get_new_events(room_ids=[ROOM_ID], from_key=1)
@@ -320,7 +320,7 @@ class TypingNotificationsTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
             )
         )
 
-        self.on_new_event.assert_has_calls([call('typing_key', 3, rooms=[ROOM_ID])])
+        self.on_new_event.assert_has_calls([call("typing_key", 3, rooms=[ROOM_ID])])
         self.on_new_event.reset_mock()
 
         self.assertEquals(self.event_source.get_current_key(), 3)
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_user_directory.py b/tests/handlers/test_user_directory.py
index 9021e647fe..b135486c48 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_user_directory.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_user_directory.py
@@ -60,15 +60,15 @@ class UserDirectoryTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         )
         profile = self.get_success(self.store.get_user_in_directory(support_user_id))
         self.assertTrue(profile is None)
-        display_name = 'display_name'
+        display_name = "display_name"
 
-        profile_info = ProfileInfo(avatar_url='avatar_url', display_name=display_name)
-        regular_user_id = '@regular:test'
+        profile_info = ProfileInfo(avatar_url="avatar_url", display_name=display_name)
+        regular_user_id = "@regular:test"
         self.get_success(
             self.handler.handle_local_profile_change(regular_user_id, profile_info)
         )
         profile = self.get_success(self.store.get_user_in_directory(regular_user_id))
-        self.assertTrue(profile['display_name'] == display_name)
+        self.assertTrue(profile["display_name"] == display_name)
 
     def test_handle_user_deactivated_support_user(self):
         s_user_id = "@support:test"
-- 
cgit 1.5.1


From 8ee69f299cb3360de5c88f0c6b07525d35247fbd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Erik Johnston <erik@matrix.org>
Date: Mon, 1 Jul 2019 17:55:11 +0100
Subject: Add basic function to get all data for a user out of synapse

---
 synapse/handlers/admin.py     | 247 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 synapse/storage/roommember.py |  20 ++++
 tests/handlers/test_admin.py  | 210 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 tests/unittest.py             |   2 +-
 4 files changed, 478 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
 create mode 100644 tests/handlers/test_admin.py

(limited to 'tests/handlers')

diff --git a/synapse/handlers/admin.py b/synapse/handlers/admin.py
index 941ebfa107..e424fc46bd 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/admin.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/admin.py
@@ -14,9 +14,17 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 
 import logging
+import os
+import tempfile
+
+from canonicaljson import json
 
 from twisted.internet import defer
 
+from synapse.api.constants import Membership
+from synapse.types import RoomStreamToken
+from synapse.visibility import filter_events_for_client
+
 from ._base import BaseHandler
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
@@ -89,3 +97,242 @@ class AdminHandler(BaseHandler):
         ret = yield self.store.search_users(term)
 
         defer.returnValue(ret)
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def exfiltrate_user_data(self, user_id, writer):
+        """Write all data we have of the user to the specified directory.
+
+        Args:
+            user_id (str)
+            writer (ExfiltrationWriter)
+
+        Returns:
+            defer.Deferred
+        """
+        # Get all rooms the user is in or has been in
+        rooms = yield self.store.get_rooms_for_user_where_membership_is(
+            user_id,
+            membership_list=(
+                Membership.JOIN,
+                Membership.LEAVE,
+                Membership.BAN,
+                Membership.INVITE,
+            ),
+        )
+
+        # We only try and fetch events for rooms the user has been in. If
+        # they've been e.g. invited to a room without joining then we handle
+        # those seperately.
+        rooms_user_has_been_in = yield self.store.get_rooms_user_has_been_in(user_id)
+
+        for index, room in enumerate(rooms):
+            room_id = room.room_id
+
+            logger.info(
+                "[%s] Handling room %s, %d/%d", user_id, room_id, index + 1, len(rooms)
+            )
+
+            forgotten = yield self.store.did_forget(user_id, room_id)
+            if forgotten:
+                logger.info("[%s] User forgot room %d, ignoring", room_id)
+                continue
+
+            if room_id not in rooms_user_has_been_in:
+                # If we haven't been in the rooms then the filtering code below
+                # won't return anything, so we need to handle these cases
+                # explicitly.
+
+                if room.membership == Membership.INVITE:
+                    event_id = room.event_id
+                    invite = yield self.store.get_event(event_id, allow_none=True)
+                    if invite:
+                        invited_state = invite.unsigned["invite_room_state"]
+                        writer.write_invite(room_id, invite, invited_state)
+
+                continue
+
+            # We only want to bother fetching events up to the last time they
+            # were joined. We estimate that point by looking at the
+            # stream_ordering of the last membership if it wasn't a join.
+            if room.membership == Membership.JOIN:
+                stream_ordering = yield self.store.get_room_max_stream_ordering()
+            else:
+                stream_ordering = room.stream_ordering
+
+            from_key = str(RoomStreamToken(0, 0))
+            to_key = str(RoomStreamToken(None, stream_ordering))
+
+            written_events = set()  # Events that we've processed in this room
+
+            # We need to track gaps in the events stream so that we can then
+            # write out the state at those events. We do this by keeping track
+            # of events whose prev events we haven't seen.
+
+            # Map from event ID to prev events that haven't been processed,
+            # dict[str, set[str]].
+            event_to_unseen_prevs = {}
+
+            # The reverse mapping to above, i.e. map from unseen event to parent
+            # events. dict[str, set[str]]
+            unseen_event_to_parents = {}
+
+            # We fetch events in the room the user could see by fetching *all*
+            # events that we have and then filtering, this isn't the most
+            # efficient method perhaps but it does guarentee we get everything.
+            while True:
+                events, _ = yield self.store.paginate_room_events(
+                    room_id, from_key, to_key, limit=100, direction="f"
+                )
+                if not events:
+                    break
+
+                from_key = events[-1].internal_metadata.after
+
+                events = yield filter_events_for_client(self.store, user_id, events)
+
+                writer.write_events(room_id, events)
+
+                # Update the extremity tracking dicts
+                for event in events:
+                    # Check if we have any prev events that haven't been
+                    # processed yet, and add those to the appropriate dicts.
+                    unseen_events = set(event.prev_event_ids()) - written_events
+                    if unseen_events:
+                        event_to_unseen_prevs[event.event_id] = unseen_events
+                        for unseen in unseen_events:
+                            unseen_event_to_parents.setdefault(unseen, set()).add(
+                                event.event_id
+                            )
+
+                    # Now check if this event is an unseen prev event, if so
+                    # then we remove this event from the appropriate dicts.
+                    for event_id in unseen_event_to_parents.pop(event.event_id, []):
+                        event_to_unseen_prevs.get(event_id, set()).discard(
+                            event.event_id
+                        )
+
+                    written_events.add(event.event_id)
+
+                logger.info(
+                    "Written %d events in room %s", len(written_events), room_id
+                )
+
+            # Extremities are the events who have at least one unseen prev event.
+            extremities = (
+                event_id
+                for event_id, unseen_prevs in event_to_unseen_prevs.items()
+                if unseen_prevs
+            )
+            for event_id in extremities:
+                if not event_to_unseen_prevs[event_id]:
+                    continue
+                state = yield self.store.get_state_for_event(event_id)
+                writer.write_state(room_id, event_id, state)
+
+        defer.returnValue(writer.finished())
+
+
+class ExfiltrationWriter(object):
+    """Interfaced used to specify how to write exfilrated data.
+    """
+
+    def write_events(self, room_id, events):
+        """Write a batch of events for a room.
+
+        Args:
+            room_id (str)
+            events (list[FrozenEvent])
+        """
+        pass
+
+    def write_state(self, room_id, event_id, state):
+        """Write the state at the given event in the room.
+
+        This only gets called for backward extremities rather than for each
+        event.
+
+        Args:
+            room_id (str)
+            event_id (str)
+            state (list[FrozenEvent])
+        """
+        pass
+
+    def write_invite(self, room_id, event, state):
+        """Write an invite for the room, with associated invite state.
+
+        Args:
+            room_id (str)
+            invite (FrozenEvent)
+            state (list[dict]): A subset of the state at the invite, with a
+                subset of the event keys (type, state_key, content and sender)
+        """
+
+    def finished(self):
+        """Called when exfiltration is complete, and the return valus is passed
+        to the requester.
+        """
+        pass
+
+
+class FileExfiltrationWriter(ExfiltrationWriter):
+    """An ExfiltrationWriter that writes the users data to a directory.
+
+    Returns the directory location on completion.
+
+    Args:
+        user_id (str): The user whose data is being exfiltrated.
+        directory (str|None): The directory to write the data to, if None then
+            will write to a temporary directory.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, user_id, directory=None):
+        self.user_id = user_id
+
+        if directory:
+            self.base_directory = directory
+        else:
+            self.base_directory = tempfile.mkdtemp(
+                prefix="synapse-exfiltrate__%s__" % (user_id,)
+            )
+
+        os.makedirs(self.base_directory, exist_ok=True)
+        if list(os.listdir(self.base_directory)):
+            raise Exception("Directory must be empty")
+
+    def write_events(self, room_id, events):
+        room_directory = os.path.join(self.base_directory, "rooms", room_id)
+        os.makedirs(room_directory, exist_ok=True)
+        events_file = os.path.join(room_directory, "events")
+
+        with open(events_file, "a") as f:
+            for event in events:
+                print(json.dumps(event.get_pdu_json()), file=f)
+
+    def write_state(self, room_id, event_id, state):
+        room_directory = os.path.join(self.base_directory, "rooms", room_id)
+        state_directory = os.path.join(room_directory, "state")
+        os.makedirs(state_directory, exist_ok=True)
+
+        event_file = os.path.join(state_directory, event_id)
+
+        with open(event_file, "a") as f:
+            for event in state.values():
+                print(json.dumps(event.get_pdu_json()), file=f)
+
+    def write_invite(self, room_id, event, state):
+        self.write_events(room_id, [event])
+
+        # We write the invite state somewhere else as they aren't full events
+        # and are only a subset of the state at the event.
+        room_directory = os.path.join(self.base_directory, "rooms", room_id)
+        os.makedirs(room_directory, exist_ok=True)
+
+        invite_state = os.path.join(room_directory, "invite_state")
+
+        with open(invite_state, "a") as f:
+            for event in state.values():
+                print(json.dumps(event), file=f)
+
+    def finished(self):
+        return self.base_directory
diff --git a/synapse/storage/roommember.py b/synapse/storage/roommember.py
index 8004aeb909..32cfd010a5 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/roommember.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/roommember.py
@@ -575,6 +575,26 @@ class RoomMemberWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore):
         count = yield self.runInteraction("did_forget_membership", f)
         defer.returnValue(count == 0)
 
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_rooms_user_has_been_in(self, user_id):
+        """Get all rooms that the user has ever been in.
+
+        Args:
+            user_id (str)
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred[set[str]]: Set of room IDs.
+        """
+
+        room_ids = yield self._simple_select_onecol(
+            table="room_memberships",
+            keyvalues={"membership": Membership.JOIN, "user_id": user_id},
+            retcol="room_id",
+            desc="get_rooms_user_has_been_in",
+        )
+
+        return set(room_ids)
+
 
 class RoomMemberStore(RoomMemberWorkerStore):
     def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_admin.py b/tests/handlers/test_admin.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5e7d2d3361
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_admin.py
@@ -0,0 +1,210 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+from collections import Counter
+
+from mock import Mock
+
+import synapse.api.errors
+import synapse.handlers.admin
+import synapse.rest.admin
+import synapse.storage
+from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes
+from synapse.rest.client.v1 import login, room
+
+from tests import unittest
+
+
+class ExfiltrateData(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
+    servlets = [
+        synapse.rest.admin.register_servlets_for_client_rest_resource,
+        login.register_servlets,
+        room.register_servlets,
+    ]
+
+    def prepare(self, reactor, clock, hs):
+        self.admin_handler = hs.get_handlers().admin_handler
+
+        self.user1 = self.register_user("user1", "password")
+        self.token1 = self.login("user1", "password")
+
+        self.user2 = self.register_user("user2", "password")
+        self.token2 = self.login("user2", "password")
+
+    def test_single_public_joined_room(self):
+        """Test that we write *all* events for a public room
+        """
+        room_id = self.helper.create_room_as(
+            self.user1, tok=self.token1, is_public=True
+        )
+        self.helper.send(room_id, body="Hello!", tok=self.token1)
+        self.helper.join(room_id, self.user2, tok=self.token2)
+        self.helper.send(room_id, body="Hello again!", tok=self.token1)
+
+        writer = Mock()
+
+        self.get_success(self.admin_handler.exfiltrate_user_data(self.user2, writer))
+
+        writer.write_events.assert_called()
+
+        # Since we can see all events there shouldn't be any extremities, so no
+        # state should be written
+        writer.write_state.assert_not_called()
+
+        # Collect all events that were written
+        written_events = []
+        for (called_room_id, events), _ in writer.write_events.call_args_list:
+            self.assertEqual(called_room_id, room_id)
+            written_events.extend(events)
+
+        # Check that the right number of events were written
+        counter = Counter(
+            (event.type, getattr(event, "state_key", None)) for event in written_events
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(counter[(EventTypes.Message, None)], 2)
+        self.assertEqual(counter[(EventTypes.Member, self.user1)], 1)
+        self.assertEqual(counter[(EventTypes.Member, self.user2)], 1)
+
+    def test_single_private_joined_room(self):
+        """Tests that we correctly write state when we can't see all events in
+        a room.
+        """
+        room_id = self.helper.create_room_as(self.user1, tok=self.token1)
+        self.helper.send_state(
+            room_id,
+            EventTypes.RoomHistoryVisibility,
+            body={"history_visibility": "joined"},
+            tok=self.token1,
+        )
+        self.helper.send(room_id, body="Hello!", tok=self.token1)
+        self.helper.join(room_id, self.user2, tok=self.token2)
+        self.helper.send(room_id, body="Hello again!", tok=self.token1)
+
+        writer = Mock()
+
+        self.get_success(self.admin_handler.exfiltrate_user_data(self.user2, writer))
+
+        writer.write_events.assert_called()
+
+        # Since we can't see all events there should be one extremity.
+        writer.write_state.assert_called_once()
+
+        # Collect all events that were written
+        written_events = []
+        for (called_room_id, events), _ in writer.write_events.call_args_list:
+            self.assertEqual(called_room_id, room_id)
+            written_events.extend(events)
+
+        # Check that the right number of events were written
+        counter = Counter(
+            (event.type, getattr(event, "state_key", None)) for event in written_events
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(counter[(EventTypes.Message, None)], 1)
+        self.assertEqual(counter[(EventTypes.Member, self.user1)], 1)
+        self.assertEqual(counter[(EventTypes.Member, self.user2)], 1)
+
+    def test_single_left_room(self):
+        """Tests that we don't see events in the room after we leave.
+        """
+        room_id = self.helper.create_room_as(self.user1, tok=self.token1)
+        self.helper.send(room_id, body="Hello!", tok=self.token1)
+        self.helper.join(room_id, self.user2, tok=self.token2)
+        self.helper.send(room_id, body="Hello again!", tok=self.token1)
+        self.helper.leave(room_id, self.user2, tok=self.token2)
+        self.helper.send(room_id, body="Helloooooo!", tok=self.token1)
+
+        writer = Mock()
+
+        self.get_success(self.admin_handler.exfiltrate_user_data(self.user2, writer))
+
+        writer.write_events.assert_called()
+
+        # Since we can see all events there shouldn't be any extremities, so no
+        # state should be written
+        writer.write_state.assert_not_called()
+
+        written_events = []
+        for (called_room_id, events), _ in writer.write_events.call_args_list:
+            self.assertEqual(called_room_id, room_id)
+            written_events.extend(events)
+
+        # Check that the right number of events were written
+        counter = Counter(
+            (event.type, getattr(event, "state_key", None)) for event in written_events
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(counter[(EventTypes.Message, None)], 2)
+        self.assertEqual(counter[(EventTypes.Member, self.user1)], 1)
+        self.assertEqual(counter[(EventTypes.Member, self.user2)], 2)
+
+    def test_single_left_rejoined_private_room(self):
+        """Tests that see the correct events in private rooms when we
+        repeatedly join and leave.
+        """
+        room_id = self.helper.create_room_as(self.user1, tok=self.token1)
+        self.helper.send_state(
+            room_id,
+            EventTypes.RoomHistoryVisibility,
+            body={"history_visibility": "joined"},
+            tok=self.token1,
+        )
+        self.helper.send(room_id, body="Hello!", tok=self.token1)
+        self.helper.join(room_id, self.user2, tok=self.token2)
+        self.helper.send(room_id, body="Hello again!", tok=self.token1)
+        self.helper.leave(room_id, self.user2, tok=self.token2)
+        self.helper.send(room_id, body="Helloooooo!", tok=self.token1)
+        self.helper.join(room_id, self.user2, tok=self.token2)
+        self.helper.send(room_id, body="Helloooooo!!", tok=self.token1)
+
+        writer = Mock()
+
+        self.get_success(self.admin_handler.exfiltrate_user_data(self.user2, writer))
+
+        writer.write_events.assert_called_once()
+
+        # Since we joined/left/joined again we expect there to be two gaps.
+        self.assertEqual(writer.write_state.call_count, 2)
+
+        written_events = []
+        for (called_room_id, events), _ in writer.write_events.call_args_list:
+            self.assertEqual(called_room_id, room_id)
+            written_events.extend(events)
+
+        # Check that the right number of events were written
+        counter = Counter(
+            (event.type, getattr(event, "state_key", None)) for event in written_events
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(counter[(EventTypes.Message, None)], 2)
+        self.assertEqual(counter[(EventTypes.Member, self.user1)], 1)
+        self.assertEqual(counter[(EventTypes.Member, self.user2)], 3)
+
+    def test_invite(self):
+        """Tests that pending invites get handled correctly.
+        """
+        room_id = self.helper.create_room_as(self.user1, tok=self.token1)
+        self.helper.send(room_id, body="Hello!", tok=self.token1)
+        self.helper.invite(room_id, self.user1, self.user2, tok=self.token1)
+
+        writer = Mock()
+
+        self.get_success(self.admin_handler.exfiltrate_user_data(self.user2, writer))
+
+        writer.write_events.assert_not_called()
+        writer.write_state.assert_not_called()
+        writer.write_invite.assert_called_once()
+
+        args = writer.write_invite.call_args[0]
+        self.assertEqual(args[0], room_id)
+        self.assertEqual(args[1].content["membership"], "invite")
+        self.assertTrue(args[2])  # Assert there is at least one bit of state
diff --git a/tests/unittest.py b/tests/unittest.py
index d26804b5b5..684d5cb1cf 100644
--- a/tests/unittest.py
+++ b/tests/unittest.py
@@ -443,7 +443,7 @@ class HomeserverTestCase(TestCase):
             "POST", "/_matrix/client/r0/admin/register", body.encode("utf8")
         )
         self.render(request)
-        self.assertEqual(channel.code, 200)
+        self.assertEqual(channel.code, 200, channel.json_body)
 
         user_id = channel.json_body["user_id"]
         return user_id
-- 
cgit 1.5.1


From c061d4f237273f3400dc8e62aa7421f02caec3dd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Erik Johnston <erik@matrix.org>
Date: Thu, 4 Jul 2019 11:07:09 +0100
Subject: Fixup from review comments.

---
 synapse/handlers/admin.py    | 39 ++++++++++++++++++++++-----------------
 tests/handlers/test_admin.py | 10 +++++-----
 2 files changed, 27 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

(limited to 'tests/handlers')

diff --git a/synapse/handlers/admin.py b/synapse/handlers/admin.py
index 6c905e97a7..69d2c8c36f 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/admin.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/admin.py
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ class AdminHandler(BaseHandler):
         defer.returnValue(ret)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def exfiltrate_user_data(self, user_id, writer):
+    def export_user_data(self, user_id, writer):
         """Write all data we have on the user to the given writer.
 
         Args:
@@ -107,7 +107,8 @@ class AdminHandler(BaseHandler):
             writer (ExfiltrationWriter)
 
         Returns:
-            defer.Deferred
+            defer.Deferred: Resolves when all data for a user has been written.
+            The returned value is that returned by `writer.finished()`.
         """
         # Get all rooms the user is in or has been in
         rooms = yield self.store.get_rooms_for_user_where_membership_is(
@@ -134,7 +135,7 @@ class AdminHandler(BaseHandler):
 
             forgotten = yield self.store.did_forget(user_id, room_id)
             if forgotten:
-                logger.info("[%s] User forgot room %d, ignoring", room_id)
+                logger.info("[%s] User forgot room %d, ignoring", user_id, room_id)
                 continue
 
             if room_id not in rooms_user_has_been_in:
@@ -172,9 +173,10 @@ class AdminHandler(BaseHandler):
             # dict[str, set[str]].
             event_to_unseen_prevs = {}
 
-            # The reverse mapping to above, i.e. map from unseen event to parent
-            # events. dict[str, set[str]]
-            unseen_event_to_parents = {}
+            # The reverse mapping to above, i.e. map from unseen event to events
+            # that have the unseen event in their prev_events, i.e. the unseen
+            # events "children". dict[str, set[str]]
+            unseen_to_child_events = {}
 
             # We fetch events in the room the user could see by fetching *all*
             # events that we have and then filtering, this isn't the most
@@ -200,14 +202,14 @@ class AdminHandler(BaseHandler):
                     if unseen_events:
                         event_to_unseen_prevs[event.event_id] = unseen_events
                         for unseen in unseen_events:
-                            unseen_event_to_parents.setdefault(unseen, set()).add(
+                            unseen_to_child_events.setdefault(unseen, set()).add(
                                 event.event_id
                             )
 
                     # Now check if this event is an unseen prev event, if so
                     # then we remove this event from the appropriate dicts.
-                    for event_id in unseen_event_to_parents.pop(event.event_id, []):
-                        event_to_unseen_prevs.get(event_id, set()).discard(
+                    for child_id in unseen_to_child_events.pop(event.event_id, []):
+                        event_to_unseen_prevs.get(child_id, set()).discard(
                             event.event_id
                         )
 
@@ -233,7 +235,7 @@ class AdminHandler(BaseHandler):
 
 
 class ExfiltrationWriter(object):
-    """Interface used to specify how to write exfiltrated data.
+    """Interface used to specify how to write exported data.
     """
 
     def write_events(self, room_id, events):
@@ -254,7 +256,7 @@ class ExfiltrationWriter(object):
         Args:
             room_id (str)
             event_id (str)
-            state (list[FrozenEvent])
+            state (dict[tuple[str, str], FrozenEvent])
         """
         pass
 
@@ -264,13 +266,16 @@ class ExfiltrationWriter(object):
         Args:
             room_id (str)
             event (FrozenEvent)
-            state (list[dict]): A subset of the state at the invite, with a
-                subset of the event keys (type, state_key, content and sender)
+            state (dict[tuple[str, str], dict]): A subset of the state at the
+                invite, with a subset of the event keys (type, state_key
+                content and sender)
         """
 
     def finished(self):
-        """Called when exfiltration is complete, and the return valus is passed
-        to the requester.
+        """Called when all data has succesfully been exported and written.
+
+        This functions return value is passed to the caller of
+        `export_user_data`.
         """
         pass
 
@@ -281,7 +286,7 @@ class FileExfiltrationWriter(ExfiltrationWriter):
     Returns the directory location on completion.
 
     Args:
-        user_id (str): The user whose data is being exfiltrated.
+        user_id (str): The user whose data is being exported.
         directory (str|None): The directory to write the data to. If None then
             will write to a temporary directory.
     """
@@ -293,7 +298,7 @@ class FileExfiltrationWriter(ExfiltrationWriter):
             self.base_directory = directory
         else:
             self.base_directory = tempfile.mkdtemp(
-                prefix="synapse-exfiltrate__%s__" % (user_id,)
+                prefix="synapse-exported__%s__" % (user_id,)
             )
 
         os.makedirs(self.base_directory, exist_ok=True)
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_admin.py b/tests/handlers/test_admin.py
index 5e7d2d3361..fc37c4328c 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_admin.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_admin.py
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ class ExfiltrateData(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
         writer = Mock()
 
-        self.get_success(self.admin_handler.exfiltrate_user_data(self.user2, writer))
+        self.get_success(self.admin_handler.export_user_data(self.user2, writer))
 
         writer.write_events.assert_called()
 
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ class ExfiltrateData(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
         writer = Mock()
 
-        self.get_success(self.admin_handler.exfiltrate_user_data(self.user2, writer))
+        self.get_success(self.admin_handler.export_user_data(self.user2, writer))
 
         writer.write_events.assert_called()
 
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ class ExfiltrateData(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
         writer = Mock()
 
-        self.get_success(self.admin_handler.exfiltrate_user_data(self.user2, writer))
+        self.get_success(self.admin_handler.export_user_data(self.user2, writer))
 
         writer.write_events.assert_called()
 
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ class ExfiltrateData(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
         writer = Mock()
 
-        self.get_success(self.admin_handler.exfiltrate_user_data(self.user2, writer))
+        self.get_success(self.admin_handler.export_user_data(self.user2, writer))
 
         writer.write_events.assert_called_once()
 
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ class ExfiltrateData(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
         writer = Mock()
 
-        self.get_success(self.admin_handler.exfiltrate_user_data(self.user2, writer))
+        self.get_success(self.admin_handler.export_user_data(self.user2, writer))
 
         writer.write_events.assert_not_called()
         writer.write_state.assert_not_called()
-- 
cgit 1.5.1


From 1af2fcd492c81075a9d75a5578d8d599af3cea0c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Richard van der Hoff <1389908+richvdh@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 8 Jul 2019 14:52:26 +0100
Subject: Move get_or_create_user to test code (#5628)

This is only used in tests, so...
---
 changelog.d/5628.misc           |  1 +
 synapse/handlers/register.py    | 51 -------------------------------
 tests/handlers/test_register.py | 68 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++------
 3 files changed, 60 insertions(+), 60 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 changelog.d/5628.misc

(limited to 'tests/handlers')

diff --git a/changelog.d/5628.misc b/changelog.d/5628.misc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fec8446793
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/5628.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Move RegistrationHandler.get_or_create_user to test code.
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/register.py b/synapse/handlers/register.py
index fd55eb1654..853020180b 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/register.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/register.py
@@ -505,57 +505,6 @@ class RegistrationHandler(BaseHandler):
         )
         defer.returnValue(data)
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_or_create_user(self, requester, localpart, displayname, password_hash=None):
-        """Creates a new user if the user does not exist,
-        else revokes all previous access tokens and generates a new one.
-
-        Args:
-            localpart : The local part of the user ID to register. If None,
-              one will be randomly generated.
-        Returns:
-            A tuple of (user_id, access_token).
-        Raises:
-            RegistrationError if there was a problem registering.
-
-        NB this is only used in tests. TODO: move it to the test package!
-        """
-        if localpart is None:
-            raise SynapseError(400, "Request must include user id")
-        yield self.auth.check_auth_blocking()
-        need_register = True
-
-        try:
-            yield self.check_username(localpart)
-        except SynapseError as e:
-            if e.errcode == Codes.USER_IN_USE:
-                need_register = False
-            else:
-                raise
-
-        user = UserID(localpart, self.hs.hostname)
-        user_id = user.to_string()
-        token = self.macaroon_gen.generate_access_token(user_id)
-
-        if need_register:
-            yield self.register_with_store(
-                user_id=user_id,
-                token=token,
-                password_hash=password_hash,
-                create_profile_with_displayname=user.localpart,
-            )
-        else:
-            yield self._auth_handler.delete_access_tokens_for_user(user_id)
-            yield self.store.add_access_token_to_user(user_id=user_id, token=token)
-
-        if displayname is not None:
-            logger.info("setting user display name: %s -> %s", user_id, displayname)
-            yield self.profile_handler.set_displayname(
-                user, requester, displayname, by_admin=True
-            )
-
-        defer.returnValue((user_id, token))
-
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _join_user_to_room(self, requester, room_identifier):
         room_id = None
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_register.py b/tests/handlers/test_register.py
index 4edce7af43..1c7ded7397 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_register.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_register.py
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ from mock import Mock
 from twisted.internet import defer
 
 from synapse.api.constants import UserTypes
-from synapse.api.errors import ResourceLimitError, SynapseError
+from synapse.api.errors import Codes, ResourceLimitError, SynapseError
 from synapse.handlers.register import RegistrationHandler
 from synapse.types import RoomAlias, UserID, create_requester
 
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ class RegistrationTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         user_id = frank.to_string()
         requester = create_requester(user_id)
         result_user_id, result_token = self.get_success(
-            self.handler.get_or_create_user(requester, frank.localpart, "Frankie")
+            self.get_or_create_user(requester, frank.localpart, "Frankie")
         )
         self.assertEquals(result_user_id, user_id)
         self.assertTrue(result_token is not None)
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ class RegistrationTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         user_id = frank.to_string()
         requester = create_requester(user_id)
         result_user_id, result_token = self.get_success(
-            self.handler.get_or_create_user(requester, local_part, None)
+            self.get_or_create_user(requester, local_part, None)
         )
         self.assertEquals(result_user_id, user_id)
         self.assertTrue(result_token is not None)
@@ -95,9 +95,7 @@ class RegistrationTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
     def test_mau_limits_when_disabled(self):
         self.hs.config.limit_usage_by_mau = False
         # Ensure does not throw exception
-        self.get_success(
-            self.handler.get_or_create_user(self.requester, "a", "display_name")
-        )
+        self.get_success(self.get_or_create_user(self.requester, "a", "display_name"))
 
     def test_get_or_create_user_mau_not_blocked(self):
         self.hs.config.limit_usage_by_mau = True
@@ -105,7 +103,7 @@ class RegistrationTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
             return_value=defer.succeed(self.hs.config.max_mau_value - 1)
         )
         # Ensure does not throw exception
-        self.get_success(self.handler.get_or_create_user(self.requester, "c", "User"))
+        self.get_success(self.get_or_create_user(self.requester, "c", "User"))
 
     def test_get_or_create_user_mau_blocked(self):
         self.hs.config.limit_usage_by_mau = True
@@ -113,7 +111,7 @@ class RegistrationTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
             return_value=defer.succeed(self.lots_of_users)
         )
         self.get_failure(
-            self.handler.get_or_create_user(self.requester, "b", "display_name"),
+            self.get_or_create_user(self.requester, "b", "display_name"),
             ResourceLimitError,
         )
 
@@ -121,7 +119,7 @@ class RegistrationTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
             return_value=defer.succeed(self.hs.config.max_mau_value)
         )
         self.get_failure(
-            self.handler.get_or_create_user(self.requester, "b", "display_name"),
+            self.get_or_create_user(self.requester, "b", "display_name"),
             ResourceLimitError,
         )
 
@@ -232,3 +230,55 @@ class RegistrationTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
     def test_invalid_user_id_length(self):
         invalid_user_id = "x" * 256
         self.get_failure(self.handler.register(localpart=invalid_user_id), SynapseError)
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_or_create_user(self, requester, localpart, displayname, password_hash=None):
+        """Creates a new user if the user does not exist,
+        else revokes all previous access tokens and generates a new one.
+
+        XXX: this used to be in the main codebase, but was only used by this file,
+        so got moved here. TODO: get rid of it, probably
+
+        Args:
+            localpart : The local part of the user ID to register. If None,
+              one will be randomly generated.
+        Returns:
+            A tuple of (user_id, access_token).
+        Raises:
+            RegistrationError if there was a problem registering.
+        """
+        if localpart is None:
+            raise SynapseError(400, "Request must include user id")
+        yield self.hs.get_auth().check_auth_blocking()
+        need_register = True
+
+        try:
+            yield self.handler.check_username(localpart)
+        except SynapseError as e:
+            if e.errcode == Codes.USER_IN_USE:
+                need_register = False
+            else:
+                raise
+
+        user = UserID(localpart, self.hs.hostname)
+        user_id = user.to_string()
+        token = self.macaroon_generator.generate_access_token(user_id)
+
+        if need_register:
+            yield self.handler.register_with_store(
+                user_id=user_id,
+                token=token,
+                password_hash=password_hash,
+                create_profile_with_displayname=user.localpart,
+            )
+        else:
+            yield self.hs.get_auth_handler().delete_access_tokens_for_user(user_id)
+            yield self.store.add_access_token_to_user(user_id=user_id, token=token)
+
+        if displayname is not None:
+            # logger.info("setting user display name: %s -> %s", user_id, displayname)
+            yield self.hs.get_profile_handler().set_displayname(
+                user, requester, displayname, by_admin=True
+            )
+
+        defer.returnValue((user_id, token))
-- 
cgit 1.5.1


From 824707383bea618ea809a0f13cf72168b87184f9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Richard van der Hoff <1389908+richvdh@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 8 Jul 2019 19:01:08 +0100
Subject: Remove access-token support from RegistrationHandler.register (#5641)

Nothing uses this now, so we can remove the dead code, and clean up the
API.

Since we're changing the shape of the return value anyway, we take the
opportunity to give the method a better name.
---
 changelog.d/5641.misc                    |  1 +
 synapse/handlers/register.py             | 27 ++--------------
 synapse/module_api/__init__.py           | 10 ++----
 synapse/replication/http/register.py     |  6 ----
 synapse/rest/admin/__init__.py           |  3 +-
 synapse/rest/client/v1/login.py          | 14 +++------
 synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/register.py | 11 +++----
 tests/handlers/test_register.py          | 53 +++++++++++++++++---------------
 8 files changed, 44 insertions(+), 81 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 changelog.d/5641.misc

(limited to 'tests/handlers')

diff --git a/changelog.d/5641.misc b/changelog.d/5641.misc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1899bc963d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/5641.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Remove access-token support from RegistrationHandler.register, and rename it.
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/register.py b/synapse/handlers/register.py
index c72735067f..a3e553d5f5 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/register.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/register.py
@@ -138,11 +138,10 @@ class RegistrationHandler(BaseHandler):
                 )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def register(
+    def register_user(
         self,
         localpart=None,
         password=None,
-        generate_token=True,
         guest_access_token=None,
         make_guest=False,
         admin=False,
@@ -160,11 +159,6 @@ class RegistrationHandler(BaseHandler):
             password (unicode) : The password to assign to this user so they can
               login again. This can be None which means they cannot login again
               via a password (e.g. the user is an application service user).
-            generate_token (bool): Whether a new access token should be
-              generated. Having this be True should be considered deprecated,
-              since it offers no means of associating a device_id with the
-              access_token. Instead you should call auth_handler.issue_access_token
-              after registration.
             user_type (str|None): type of user. One of the values from
               api.constants.UserTypes, or None for a normal user.
             default_display_name (unicode|None): if set, the new user's displayname
@@ -172,7 +166,7 @@ class RegistrationHandler(BaseHandler):
             address (str|None): the IP address used to perform the registration.
             bind_emails (List[str]): list of emails to bind to this account.
         Returns:
-            A tuple of (user_id, access_token).
+            Deferred[str]: user_id
         Raises:
             RegistrationError if there was a problem registering.
         """
@@ -206,12 +200,8 @@ class RegistrationHandler(BaseHandler):
             elif default_display_name is None:
                 default_display_name = localpart
 
-            token = None
-            if generate_token:
-                token = self.macaroon_gen.generate_access_token(user_id)
             yield self.register_with_store(
                 user_id=user_id,
-                token=token,
                 password_hash=password_hash,
                 was_guest=was_guest,
                 make_guest=make_guest,
@@ -230,21 +220,17 @@ class RegistrationHandler(BaseHandler):
         else:
             # autogen a sequential user ID
             attempts = 0
-            token = None
             user = None
             while not user:
                 localpart = yield self._generate_user_id(attempts > 0)
                 user = UserID(localpart, self.hs.hostname)
                 user_id = user.to_string()
                 yield self.check_user_id_not_appservice_exclusive(user_id)
-                if generate_token:
-                    token = self.macaroon_gen.generate_access_token(user_id)
                 if default_display_name is None:
                     default_display_name = localpart
                 try:
                     yield self.register_with_store(
                         user_id=user_id,
-                        token=token,
                         password_hash=password_hash,
                         make_guest=make_guest,
                         create_profile_with_displayname=default_display_name,
@@ -254,7 +240,6 @@ class RegistrationHandler(BaseHandler):
                     # if user id is taken, just generate another
                     user = None
                     user_id = None
-                    token = None
                     attempts += 1
 
         if not self.hs.config.user_consent_at_registration:
@@ -278,7 +263,7 @@ class RegistrationHandler(BaseHandler):
             # Bind email to new account
             yield self._register_email_threepid(user_id, threepid_dict, None, False)
 
-        defer.returnValue((user_id, token))
+        defer.returnValue(user_id)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _auto_join_rooms(self, user_id):
@@ -541,7 +526,6 @@ class RegistrationHandler(BaseHandler):
     def register_with_store(
         self,
         user_id,
-        token=None,
         password_hash=None,
         was_guest=False,
         make_guest=False,
@@ -555,9 +539,6 @@ class RegistrationHandler(BaseHandler):
 
         Args:
             user_id (str): The desired user ID to register.
-            token (str): The desired access token to use for this user. If this
-                is not None, the given access token is associated with the user
-                id.
             password_hash (str|None): Optional. The password hash for this user.
             was_guest (bool): Optional. Whether this is a guest account being
                 upgraded to a non-guest account.
@@ -593,7 +574,6 @@ class RegistrationHandler(BaseHandler):
         if self.hs.config.worker_app:
             return self._register_client(
                 user_id=user_id,
-                token=token,
                 password_hash=password_hash,
                 was_guest=was_guest,
                 make_guest=make_guest,
@@ -606,7 +586,6 @@ class RegistrationHandler(BaseHandler):
         else:
             return self.store.register(
                 user_id=user_id,
-                token=token,
                 password_hash=password_hash,
                 was_guest=was_guest,
                 make_guest=make_guest,
diff --git a/synapse/module_api/__init__.py b/synapse/module_api/__init__.py
index a0be2c5ca3..7bb020cb45 100644
--- a/synapse/module_api/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/module_api/__init__.py
@@ -103,7 +103,6 @@ class ModuleApi(object):
         _, access_token = yield self.register_device(user_id)
         defer.returnValue((user_id, access_token))
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def register_user(self, localpart, displayname=None, emails=[]):
         """Registers a new user with given localpart and optional displayname, emails.
 
@@ -115,15 +114,10 @@ class ModuleApi(object):
         Returns:
             Deferred[str]: user_id
         """
-        user_id, _ = yield self.hs.get_registration_handler().register(
-            localpart=localpart,
-            default_display_name=displayname,
-            bind_emails=emails,
-            generate_token=False,
+        return self.hs.get_registration_handler().register_user(
+            localpart=localpart, default_display_name=displayname, bind_emails=emails
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue(user_id)
-
     def register_device(self, user_id, device_id=None, initial_display_name=None):
         """Register a device for a user and generate an access token.
 
diff --git a/synapse/replication/http/register.py b/synapse/replication/http/register.py
index f81a0f1b8f..2bf2173895 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/http/register.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/http/register.py
@@ -38,7 +38,6 @@ class ReplicationRegisterServlet(ReplicationEndpoint):
     @staticmethod
     def _serialize_payload(
         user_id,
-        token,
         password_hash,
         was_guest,
         make_guest,
@@ -51,9 +50,6 @@ class ReplicationRegisterServlet(ReplicationEndpoint):
         """
         Args:
             user_id (str): The desired user ID to register.
-            token (str): The desired access token to use for this user. If this
-                is not None, the given access token is associated with the user
-                id.
             password_hash (str|None): Optional. The password hash for this user.
             was_guest (bool): Optional. Whether this is a guest account being
                 upgraded to a non-guest account.
@@ -68,7 +64,6 @@ class ReplicationRegisterServlet(ReplicationEndpoint):
             address (str|None): the IP address used to perform the regitration.
         """
         return {
-            "token": token,
             "password_hash": password_hash,
             "was_guest": was_guest,
             "make_guest": make_guest,
@@ -85,7 +80,6 @@ class ReplicationRegisterServlet(ReplicationEndpoint):
 
         yield self.registration_handler.register_with_store(
             user_id=user_id,
-            token=content["token"],
             password_hash=content["password_hash"],
             was_guest=content["was_guest"],
             make_guest=content["make_guest"],
diff --git a/synapse/rest/admin/__init__.py b/synapse/rest/admin/__init__.py
index 9843a902c6..6888ae5590 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/admin/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/admin/__init__.py
@@ -219,11 +219,10 @@ class UserRegisterServlet(RestServlet):
 
         register = RegisterRestServlet(self.hs)
 
-        (user_id, _) = yield register.registration_handler.register(
+        user_id = yield register.registration_handler.register_user(
             localpart=body["username"].lower(),
             password=body["password"],
             admin=bool(admin),
-            generate_token=False,
             user_type=user_type,
         )
 
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v1/login.py b/synapse/rest/client/v1/login.py
index b13043cc64..0d05945f0a 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v1/login.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v1/login.py
@@ -314,10 +314,8 @@ class LoginRestServlet(RestServlet):
 
         registered_user_id = yield self.auth_handler.check_user_exists(user_id)
         if not registered_user_id:
-            registered_user_id, _ = (
-                yield self.registration_handler.register(
-                    localpart=user, generate_token=False
-                )
+            registered_user_id = yield self.registration_handler.register_user(
+                localpart=user
             )
 
         result = yield self._register_device_with_callback(
@@ -505,12 +503,8 @@ class SSOAuthHandler(object):
         user_id = UserID(localpart, self._hostname).to_string()
         registered_user_id = yield self._auth_handler.check_user_exists(user_id)
         if not registered_user_id:
-            registered_user_id, _ = (
-                yield self._registration_handler.register(
-                    localpart=localpart,
-                    generate_token=False,
-                    default_display_name=user_display_name,
-                )
+            registered_user_id = yield self._registration_handler.register_user(
+                localpart=localpart, default_display_name=user_display_name
             )
 
         login_token = self._macaroon_gen.generate_short_term_login_token(
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/register.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/register.py
index 5c120e4dd5..f327999e59 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/register.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/register.py
@@ -464,11 +464,10 @@ class RegisterRestServlet(RestServlet):
                                 Codes.THREEPID_IN_USE,
                             )
 
-            (registered_user_id, _) = yield self.registration_handler.register(
+            registered_user_id = yield self.registration_handler.register_user(
                 localpart=desired_username,
                 password=new_password,
                 guest_access_token=guest_access_token,
-                generate_token=False,
                 threepid=threepid,
                 address=client_addr,
             )
@@ -542,8 +541,8 @@ class RegisterRestServlet(RestServlet):
         if not compare_digest(want_mac, got_mac):
             raise SynapseError(403, "HMAC incorrect")
 
-        (user_id, _) = yield self.registration_handler.register(
-            localpart=username, password=password, generate_token=False
+        user_id = yield self.registration_handler.register_user(
+            localpart=username, password=password
         )
 
         result = yield self._create_registration_details(user_id, body)
@@ -577,8 +576,8 @@ class RegisterRestServlet(RestServlet):
     def _do_guest_registration(self, params, address=None):
         if not self.hs.config.allow_guest_access:
             raise SynapseError(403, "Guest access is disabled")
-        user_id, _ = yield self.registration_handler.register(
-            generate_token=False, make_guest=True, address=address
+        user_id = yield self.registration_handler.register_user(
+            make_guest=True, address=address
         )
 
         # we don't allow guests to specify their own device_id, because
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_register.py b/tests/handlers/test_register.py
index 1c7ded7397..8197f26d4f 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_register.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_register.py
@@ -129,21 +129,21 @@ class RegistrationTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
             return_value=defer.succeed(self.lots_of_users)
         )
         self.get_failure(
-            self.handler.register(localpart="local_part"), ResourceLimitError
+            self.handler.register_user(localpart="local_part"), ResourceLimitError
         )
 
         self.store.get_monthly_active_count = Mock(
             return_value=defer.succeed(self.hs.config.max_mau_value)
         )
         self.get_failure(
-            self.handler.register(localpart="local_part"), ResourceLimitError
+            self.handler.register_user(localpart="local_part"), ResourceLimitError
         )
 
     def test_auto_create_auto_join_rooms(self):
         room_alias_str = "#room:test"
         self.hs.config.auto_join_rooms = [room_alias_str]
-        res = self.get_success(self.handler.register(localpart="jeff"))
-        rooms = self.get_success(self.store.get_rooms_for_user(res[0]))
+        user_id = self.get_success(self.handler.register_user(localpart="jeff"))
+        rooms = self.get_success(self.store.get_rooms_for_user(user_id))
         directory_handler = self.hs.get_handlers().directory_handler
         room_alias = RoomAlias.from_string(room_alias_str)
         room_id = self.get_success(directory_handler.get_association(room_alias))
@@ -154,25 +154,25 @@ class RegistrationTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
     def test_auto_create_auto_join_rooms_with_no_rooms(self):
         self.hs.config.auto_join_rooms = []
         frank = UserID.from_string("@frank:test")
-        res = self.get_success(self.handler.register(frank.localpart))
-        self.assertEqual(res[0], frank.to_string())
-        rooms = self.get_success(self.store.get_rooms_for_user(res[0]))
+        user_id = self.get_success(self.handler.register_user(frank.localpart))
+        self.assertEqual(user_id, frank.to_string())
+        rooms = self.get_success(self.store.get_rooms_for_user(user_id))
         self.assertEqual(len(rooms), 0)
 
     def test_auto_create_auto_join_where_room_is_another_domain(self):
         self.hs.config.auto_join_rooms = ["#room:another"]
         frank = UserID.from_string("@frank:test")
-        res = self.get_success(self.handler.register(frank.localpart))
-        self.assertEqual(res[0], frank.to_string())
-        rooms = self.get_success(self.store.get_rooms_for_user(res[0]))
+        user_id = self.get_success(self.handler.register_user(frank.localpart))
+        self.assertEqual(user_id, frank.to_string())
+        rooms = self.get_success(self.store.get_rooms_for_user(user_id))
         self.assertEqual(len(rooms), 0)
 
     def test_auto_create_auto_join_where_auto_create_is_false(self):
         self.hs.config.autocreate_auto_join_rooms = False
         room_alias_str = "#room:test"
         self.hs.config.auto_join_rooms = [room_alias_str]
-        res = self.get_success(self.handler.register(localpart="jeff"))
-        rooms = self.get_success(self.store.get_rooms_for_user(res[0]))
+        user_id = self.get_success(self.handler.register_user(localpart="jeff"))
+        rooms = self.get_success(self.store.get_rooms_for_user(user_id))
         self.assertEqual(len(rooms), 0)
 
     def test_auto_create_auto_join_rooms_when_support_user_exists(self):
@@ -180,8 +180,8 @@ class RegistrationTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         self.hs.config.auto_join_rooms = [room_alias_str]
 
         self.store.is_support_user = Mock(return_value=True)
-        res = self.get_success(self.handler.register(localpart="support"))
-        rooms = self.get_success(self.store.get_rooms_for_user(res[0]))
+        user_id = self.get_success(self.handler.register_user(localpart="support"))
+        rooms = self.get_success(self.store.get_rooms_for_user(user_id))
         self.assertEqual(len(rooms), 0)
         directory_handler = self.hs.get_handlers().directory_handler
         room_alias = RoomAlias.from_string(room_alias_str)
@@ -209,27 +209,31 @@ class RegistrationTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
         # When:-
         #   * the user is registered and post consent actions are called
-        res = self.get_success(self.handler.register(localpart="jeff"))
-        self.get_success(self.handler.post_consent_actions(res[0]))
+        user_id = self.get_success(self.handler.register_user(localpart="jeff"))
+        self.get_success(self.handler.post_consent_actions(user_id))
 
         # Then:-
         #   * Ensure that they have not been joined to the room
-        rooms = self.get_success(self.store.get_rooms_for_user(res[0]))
+        rooms = self.get_success(self.store.get_rooms_for_user(user_id))
         self.assertEqual(len(rooms), 0)
 
     def test_register_support_user(self):
-        res = self.get_success(
-            self.handler.register(localpart="user", user_type=UserTypes.SUPPORT)
+        user_id = self.get_success(
+            self.handler.register_user(localpart="user", user_type=UserTypes.SUPPORT)
         )
-        self.assertTrue(self.store.is_support_user(res[0]))
+        d = self.store.is_support_user(user_id)
+        self.assertTrue(self.get_success(d))
 
     def test_register_not_support_user(self):
-        res = self.get_success(self.handler.register(localpart="user"))
-        self.assertFalse(self.store.is_support_user(res[0]))
+        user_id = self.get_success(self.handler.register_user(localpart="user"))
+        d = self.store.is_support_user(user_id)
+        self.assertFalse(self.get_success(d))
 
     def test_invalid_user_id_length(self):
         invalid_user_id = "x" * 256
-        self.get_failure(self.handler.register(localpart=invalid_user_id), SynapseError)
+        self.get_failure(
+            self.handler.register_user(localpart=invalid_user_id), SynapseError
+        )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_or_create_user(self, requester, localpart, displayname, password_hash=None):
@@ -267,13 +271,12 @@ class RegistrationTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         if need_register:
             yield self.handler.register_with_store(
                 user_id=user_id,
-                token=token,
                 password_hash=password_hash,
                 create_profile_with_displayname=user.localpart,
             )
         else:
             yield self.hs.get_auth_handler().delete_access_tokens_for_user(user_id)
-            yield self.store.add_access_token_to_user(user_id=user_id, token=token)
+        yield self.store.add_access_token_to_user(user_id=user_id, token=token)
 
         if displayname is not None:
             # logger.info("setting user display name: %s -> %s", user_id, displayname)
-- 
cgit 1.5.1


From 953dbb79808c018fe34999a662f4c7cef8ea3721 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Richard van der Hoff <1389908+richvdh@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 10 Jul 2019 16:26:49 +0100
Subject: Remove access-token support from RegistrationStore.register (#5642)

The 'token' param is no longer used anywhere except the tests, so let's kill
that off too.
---
 changelog.d/5642.misc                      |  1 +
 synapse/handlers/register.py               |  2 +-
 synapse/storage/registration.py            | 24 ++++-------------------
 tests/api/test_auth.py                     |  2 +-
 tests/handlers/test_register.py            |  6 +-----
 tests/handlers/test_user_directory.py      | 16 +++++----------
 tests/storage/test_client_ips.py           |  4 +---
 tests/storage/test_monthly_active_users.py | 23 +++++++++-------------
 tests/storage/test_registration.py         | 31 +++++++-----------------------
 9 files changed, 30 insertions(+), 79 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 changelog.d/5642.misc

(limited to 'tests/handlers')

diff --git a/changelog.d/5642.misc b/changelog.d/5642.misc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e7f8e214a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/5642.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Remove access-token support from `RegistrationStore.register`, and rename it.
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/register.py b/synapse/handlers/register.py
index a3e553d5f5..420c5cb5bc 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/register.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/register.py
@@ -584,7 +584,7 @@ class RegistrationHandler(BaseHandler):
                 address=address,
             )
         else:
-            return self.store.register(
+            return self.store.register_user(
                 user_id=user_id,
                 password_hash=password_hash,
                 was_guest=was_guest,
diff --git a/synapse/storage/registration.py b/synapse/storage/registration.py
index aea5b3276b..8e217c9408 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/registration.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/registration.py
@@ -698,10 +698,9 @@ class RegistrationStore(
             desc="add_access_token_to_user",
         )
 
-    def register(
+    def register_user(
         self,
         user_id,
-        token=None,
         password_hash=None,
         was_guest=False,
         make_guest=False,
@@ -714,9 +713,6 @@ class RegistrationStore(
 
         Args:
             user_id (str): The desired user ID to register.
-            token (str): The desired access token to use for this user. If this
-                is not None, the given access token is associated with the user
-                id.
             password_hash (str): Optional. The password hash for this user.
             was_guest (bool): Optional. Whether this is a guest account being
                 upgraded to a non-guest account.
@@ -733,10 +729,9 @@ class RegistrationStore(
             StoreError if the user_id could not be registered.
         """
         return self.runInteraction(
-            "register",
-            self._register,
+            "register_user",
+            self._register_user,
             user_id,
-            token,
             password_hash,
             was_guest,
             make_guest,
@@ -746,11 +741,10 @@ class RegistrationStore(
             user_type,
         )
 
-    def _register(
+    def _register_user(
         self,
         txn,
         user_id,
-        token,
         password_hash,
         was_guest,
         make_guest,
@@ -763,8 +757,6 @@ class RegistrationStore(
 
         now = int(self.clock.time())
 
-        next_id = self._access_tokens_id_gen.get_next()
-
         try:
             if was_guest:
                 # Ensure that the guest user actually exists
@@ -812,14 +804,6 @@ class RegistrationStore(
         if self._account_validity.enabled:
             self.set_expiration_date_for_user_txn(txn, user_id)
 
-        if token:
-            # it's possible for this to get a conflict, but only for a single user
-            # since tokens are namespaced based on their user ID
-            txn.execute(
-                "INSERT INTO access_tokens(id, user_id, token)" " VALUES (?,?,?)",
-                (next_id, user_id, token),
-            )
-
         if create_profile_with_displayname:
             # set a default displayname serverside to avoid ugly race
             # between auto-joins and clients trying to set displaynames
diff --git a/tests/api/test_auth.py b/tests/api/test_auth.py
index d4e75b5b2e..96b26f974b 100644
--- a/tests/api/test_auth.py
+++ b/tests/api/test_auth.py
@@ -325,7 +325,7 @@ class AuthTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         unknown_threepid = {"medium": "email", "address": "unreserved@server.com"}
         self.hs.config.mau_limits_reserved_threepids = [threepid]
 
-        yield self.store.register(user_id="user1", token="123", password_hash=None)
+        yield self.store.register_user(user_id="user1", password_hash=None)
         with self.assertRaises(ResourceLimitError):
             yield self.auth.check_auth_blocking()
 
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_register.py b/tests/handlers/test_register.py
index 8197f26d4f..1b7e1dacee 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_register.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_register.py
@@ -77,11 +77,7 @@ class RegistrationTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         store = self.hs.get_datastore()
         frank = UserID.from_string("@frank:test")
         self.get_success(
-            store.register(
-                user_id=frank.to_string(),
-                token="jkv;g498752-43gj['eamb!-5",
-                password_hash=None,
-            )
+            store.register_user(user_id=frank.to_string(), password_hash=None)
         )
         local_part = frank.localpart
         user_id = frank.to_string()
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_user_directory.py b/tests/handlers/test_user_directory.py
index b135486c48..c5e91a8c41 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_user_directory.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_user_directory.py
@@ -47,11 +47,8 @@ class UserDirectoryTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
     def test_handle_local_profile_change_with_support_user(self):
         support_user_id = "@support:test"
         self.get_success(
-            self.store.register(
-                user_id=support_user_id,
-                token="123",
-                password_hash=None,
-                user_type=UserTypes.SUPPORT,
+            self.store.register_user(
+                user_id=support_user_id, password_hash=None, user_type=UserTypes.SUPPORT
             )
         )
 
@@ -73,11 +70,8 @@ class UserDirectoryTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
     def test_handle_user_deactivated_support_user(self):
         s_user_id = "@support:test"
         self.get_success(
-            self.store.register(
-                user_id=s_user_id,
-                token="123",
-                password_hash=None,
-                user_type=UserTypes.SUPPORT,
+            self.store.register_user(
+                user_id=s_user_id, password_hash=None, user_type=UserTypes.SUPPORT
             )
         )
 
@@ -90,7 +84,7 @@ class UserDirectoryTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
     def test_handle_user_deactivated_regular_user(self):
         r_user_id = "@regular:test"
         self.get_success(
-            self.store.register(user_id=r_user_id, token="123", password_hash=None)
+            self.store.register_user(user_id=r_user_id, password_hash=None)
         )
         self.store.remove_from_user_dir = Mock()
         self.get_success(self.handler.handle_user_deactivated(r_user_id))
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_client_ips.py b/tests/storage/test_client_ips.py
index 59c6f8c227..09305c3bf1 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_client_ips.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_client_ips.py
@@ -185,9 +185,7 @@ class ClientIpStoreTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         self.hs.config.limit_usage_by_mau = True
         self.hs.config.max_mau_value = 50
         user_id = "@user:server"
-        self.get_success(
-            self.store.register(user_id=user_id, token="123", password_hash=None)
-        )
+        self.get_success(self.store.register_user(user_id=user_id, password_hash=None))
 
         active = self.get_success(self.store.user_last_seen_monthly_active(user_id))
         self.assertFalse(active)
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_monthly_active_users.py b/tests/storage/test_monthly_active_users.py
index 0ce0b991f9..1494650d10 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_monthly_active_users.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_monthly_active_users.py
@@ -53,10 +53,10 @@ class MonthlyActiveUsersTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         # -1 because user3 is a support user and does not count
         user_num = len(threepids) - 1
 
-        self.store.register(user_id=user1, token="123", password_hash=None)
-        self.store.register(user_id=user2, token="456", password_hash=None)
-        self.store.register(
-            user_id=user3, token="789", password_hash=None, user_type=UserTypes.SUPPORT
+        self.store.register_user(user_id=user1, password_hash=None)
+        self.store.register_user(user_id=user2, password_hash=None)
+        self.store.register_user(
+            user_id=user3, password_hash=None, user_type=UserTypes.SUPPORT
         )
         self.pump()
 
@@ -161,9 +161,7 @@ class MonthlyActiveUsersTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
     def test_populate_monthly_users_is_guest(self):
         # Test that guest users are not added to mau list
         user_id = "@user_id:host"
-        self.store.register(
-            user_id=user_id, token="123", password_hash=None, make_guest=True
-        )
+        self.store.register_user(user_id=user_id, password_hash=None, make_guest=True)
         self.store.upsert_monthly_active_user = Mock()
         self.store.populate_monthly_active_users(user_id)
         self.pump()
@@ -216,8 +214,8 @@ class MonthlyActiveUsersTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         self.assertEquals(self.get_success(count), 0)
 
         # Test reserved registed users
-        self.store.register(user_id=user1, token="123", password_hash=None)
-        self.store.register(user_id=user2, token="456", password_hash=None)
+        self.store.register_user(user_id=user1, password_hash=None)
+        self.store.register_user(user_id=user2, password_hash=None)
         self.pump()
 
         now = int(self.hs.get_clock().time_msec())
@@ -232,11 +230,8 @@ class MonthlyActiveUsersTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         self.pump()
         self.assertEqual(self.get_success(count), 0)
 
-        self.store.register(
-            user_id=support_user_id,
-            token="123",
-            password_hash=None,
-            user_type=UserTypes.SUPPORT,
+        self.store.register_user(
+            user_id=support_user_id, password_hash=None, user_type=UserTypes.SUPPORT
         )
 
         self.store.upsert_monthly_active_user(support_user_id)
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_registration.py b/tests/storage/test_registration.py
index 625b651e91..9365c4622d 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_registration.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_registration.py
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ class RegistrationStoreTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_register(self):
-        yield self.store.register(self.user_id, self.tokens[0], self.pwhash)
+        yield self.store.register_user(self.user_id, self.pwhash)
 
         self.assertEquals(
             {
@@ -53,15 +53,9 @@ class RegistrationStoreTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             (yield self.store.get_user_by_id(self.user_id)),
         )
 
-        result = yield self.store.get_user_by_access_token(self.tokens[0])
-
-        self.assertDictContainsSubset({"name": self.user_id}, result)
-
-        self.assertTrue("token_id" in result)
-
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_add_tokens(self):
-        yield self.store.register(self.user_id, self.tokens[0], self.pwhash)
+        yield self.store.register_user(self.user_id, self.pwhash)
         yield self.store.add_access_token_to_user(
             self.user_id, self.tokens[1], self.device_id
         )
@@ -77,7 +71,8 @@ class RegistrationStoreTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_user_delete_access_tokens(self):
         # add some tokens
-        yield self.store.register(self.user_id, self.tokens[0], self.pwhash)
+        yield self.store.register_user(self.user_id, self.pwhash)
+        yield self.store.add_access_token_to_user(self.user_id, self.tokens[0])
         yield self.store.add_access_token_to_user(
             self.user_id, self.tokens[1], self.device_id
         )
@@ -108,24 +103,12 @@ class RegistrationStoreTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
         res = yield self.store.is_support_user(None)
         self.assertFalse(res)
-        yield self.store.register(user_id=TEST_USER, token="123", password_hash=None)
+        yield self.store.register_user(user_id=TEST_USER, password_hash=None)
         res = yield self.store.is_support_user(TEST_USER)
         self.assertFalse(res)
 
-        yield self.store.register(
-            user_id=SUPPORT_USER,
-            token="456",
-            password_hash=None,
-            user_type=UserTypes.SUPPORT,
+        yield self.store.register_user(
+            user_id=SUPPORT_USER, password_hash=None, user_type=UserTypes.SUPPORT
         )
         res = yield self.store.is_support_user(SUPPORT_USER)
         self.assertTrue(res)
-
-
-class TokenGenerator:
-    def __init__(self):
-        self._last_issued_token = 0
-
-    def generate(self, user_id):
-        self._last_issued_token += 1
-        return "%s-%d" % (user_id, self._last_issued_token)
-- 
cgit 1.5.1


From 5f158ec039e4753959aad9b8d288b3d8cb4959a1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Richard van der Hoff <1389908+richvdh@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 12 Jul 2019 17:26:02 +0100
Subject: Implement access token expiry (#5660)

Record how long an access token is valid for, and raise a soft-logout once it
expires.
---
 changelog.d/5660.feature                           |   1 +
 docs/sample_config.yaml                            |  11 +++
 synapse/api/auth.py                                |  12 +++
 synapse/api/errors.py                              |   8 +-
 synapse/config/registration.py                     |  16 +++
 synapse/handlers/auth.py                           |  17 +++-
 synapse/handlers/register.py                       |  35 ++++---
 synapse/storage/registration.py                    |  19 +++-
 .../schema/delta/55/access_token_expiry.sql        |  18 ++++
 tests/api/test_auth.py                             |   6 +-
 tests/handlers/test_auth.py                        |  20 +++-
 tests/handlers/test_register.py                    |   5 +-
 tests/rest/client/v1/test_login.py                 | 108 +++++++++++++++++++++
 tests/storage/test_registration.py                 |   8 +-
 14 files changed, 253 insertions(+), 31 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 changelog.d/5660.feature
 create mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/55/access_token_expiry.sql

(limited to 'tests/handlers')

diff --git a/changelog.d/5660.feature b/changelog.d/5660.feature
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..82889fdaf1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/5660.feature
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Implement `session_lifetime` configuration option, after which access tokens will expire.
diff --git a/docs/sample_config.yaml b/docs/sample_config.yaml
index 0462f0a17a..663ff31622 100644
--- a/docs/sample_config.yaml
+++ b/docs/sample_config.yaml
@@ -786,6 +786,17 @@ uploads_path: "DATADIR/uploads"
 #  renew_at: 1w
 #  renew_email_subject: "Renew your %(app)s account"
 
+# Time that a user's session remains valid for, after they log in.
+#
+# Note that this is not currently compatible with guest logins.
+#
+# Note also that this is calculated at login time: changes are not applied
+# retrospectively to users who have already logged in.
+#
+# By default, this is infinite.
+#
+#session_lifetime: 24h
+
 # The user must provide all of the below types of 3PID when registering.
 #
 #registrations_require_3pid:
diff --git a/synapse/api/auth.py b/synapse/api/auth.py
index afc6400948..d9e943c39c 100644
--- a/synapse/api/auth.py
+++ b/synapse/api/auth.py
@@ -319,6 +319,17 @@ class Auth(object):
             # first look in the database
             r = yield self._look_up_user_by_access_token(token)
             if r:
+                valid_until_ms = r["valid_until_ms"]
+                if (
+                    valid_until_ms is not None
+                    and valid_until_ms < self.clock.time_msec()
+                ):
+                    # there was a valid access token, but it has expired.
+                    # soft-logout the user.
+                    raise InvalidClientTokenError(
+                        msg="Access token has expired", soft_logout=True
+                    )
+
                 defer.returnValue(r)
 
         # otherwise it needs to be a valid macaroon
@@ -505,6 +516,7 @@ class Auth(object):
             "token_id": ret.get("token_id", None),
             "is_guest": False,
             "device_id": ret.get("device_id"),
+            "valid_until_ms": ret.get("valid_until_ms"),
         }
         defer.returnValue(user_info)
 
diff --git a/synapse/api/errors.py b/synapse/api/errors.py
index 41fd04cd54..a6e753c30c 100644
--- a/synapse/api/errors.py
+++ b/synapse/api/errors.py
@@ -245,8 +245,14 @@ class MissingClientTokenError(InvalidClientCredentialsError):
 class InvalidClientTokenError(InvalidClientCredentialsError):
     """Raised when we didn't understand the access token in a request"""
 
-    def __init__(self, msg="Unrecognised access token"):
+    def __init__(self, msg="Unrecognised access token", soft_logout=False):
         super().__init__(msg=msg, errcode="M_UNKNOWN_TOKEN")
+        self._soft_logout = soft_logout
+
+    def error_dict(self):
+        d = super().error_dict()
+        d["soft_logout"] = self._soft_logout
+        return d
 
 
 class ResourceLimitError(SynapseError):
diff --git a/synapse/config/registration.py b/synapse/config/registration.py
index b895c4e9f4..34cb11468c 100644
--- a/synapse/config/registration.py
+++ b/synapse/config/registration.py
@@ -84,6 +84,11 @@ class RegistrationConfig(Config):
             "disable_msisdn_registration", False
         )
 
+        session_lifetime = config.get("session_lifetime")
+        if session_lifetime is not None:
+            session_lifetime = self.parse_duration(session_lifetime)
+        self.session_lifetime = session_lifetime
+
     def generate_config_section(self, generate_secrets=False, **kwargs):
         if generate_secrets:
             registration_shared_secret = 'registration_shared_secret: "%s"' % (
@@ -141,6 +146,17 @@ class RegistrationConfig(Config):
         #  renew_at: 1w
         #  renew_email_subject: "Renew your %%(app)s account"
 
+        # Time that a user's session remains valid for, after they log in.
+        #
+        # Note that this is not currently compatible with guest logins.
+        #
+        # Note also that this is calculated at login time: changes are not applied
+        # retrospectively to users who have already logged in.
+        #
+        # By default, this is infinite.
+        #
+        #session_lifetime: 24h
+
         # The user must provide all of the below types of 3PID when registering.
         #
         #registrations_require_3pid:
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/auth.py b/synapse/handlers/auth.py
index da312b188e..b74a6e9c62 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/auth.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/auth.py
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 
 import logging
+import time
 import unicodedata
 
 import attr
@@ -558,7 +559,7 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
         return self.sessions[session_id]
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_access_token_for_user_id(self, user_id, device_id=None):
+    def get_access_token_for_user_id(self, user_id, device_id, valid_until_ms):
         """
         Creates a new access token for the user with the given user ID.
 
@@ -572,16 +573,26 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
             device_id (str|None): the device ID to associate with the tokens.
                None to leave the tokens unassociated with a device (deprecated:
                we should always have a device ID)
+            valid_until_ms (int|None): when the token is valid until. None for
+                no expiry.
         Returns:
               The access token for the user's session.
         Raises:
             StoreError if there was a problem storing the token.
         """
-        logger.info("Logging in user %s on device %s", user_id, device_id)
+        fmt_expiry = ""
+        if valid_until_ms is not None:
+            fmt_expiry = time.strftime(
+                " until %Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", time.localtime(valid_until_ms / 1000.0)
+            )
+        logger.info("Logging in user %s on device %s%s", user_id, device_id, fmt_expiry)
+
         yield self.auth.check_auth_blocking(user_id)
 
         access_token = self.macaroon_gen.generate_access_token(user_id)
-        yield self.store.add_access_token_to_user(user_id, access_token, device_id)
+        yield self.store.add_access_token_to_user(
+            user_id, access_token, device_id, valid_until_ms
+        )
 
         # the device *should* have been registered before we got here; however,
         # it's possible we raced against a DELETE operation. The thing we
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/register.py b/synapse/handlers/register.py
index 420c5cb5bc..bb7cfd71b9 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/register.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/register.py
@@ -84,6 +84,8 @@ class RegistrationHandler(BaseHandler):
             self.device_handler = hs.get_device_handler()
             self.pusher_pool = hs.get_pusherpool()
 
+        self.session_lifetime = hs.config.session_lifetime
+
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def check_username(self, localpart, guest_access_token=None, assigned_user_id=None):
         if types.contains_invalid_mxid_characters(localpart):
@@ -599,6 +601,8 @@ class RegistrationHandler(BaseHandler):
     def register_device(self, user_id, device_id, initial_display_name, is_guest=False):
         """Register a device for a user and generate an access token.
 
+        The access token will be limited by the homeserver's session_lifetime config.
+
         Args:
             user_id (str): full canonical @user:id
             device_id (str|None): The device ID to check, or None to generate
@@ -619,20 +623,29 @@ class RegistrationHandler(BaseHandler):
                 is_guest=is_guest,
             )
             defer.returnValue((r["device_id"], r["access_token"]))
-        else:
-            device_id = yield self.device_handler.check_device_registered(
-                user_id, device_id, initial_display_name
-            )
+
+        valid_until_ms = None
+        if self.session_lifetime is not None:
             if is_guest:
-                access_token = self.macaroon_gen.generate_access_token(
-                    user_id, ["guest = true"]
-                )
-            else:
-                access_token = yield self._auth_handler.get_access_token_for_user_id(
-                    user_id, device_id=device_id
+                raise Exception(
+                    "session_lifetime is not currently implemented for guest access"
                 )
+            valid_until_ms = self.clock.time_msec() + self.session_lifetime
+
+        device_id = yield self.device_handler.check_device_registered(
+            user_id, device_id, initial_display_name
+        )
+        if is_guest:
+            assert valid_until_ms is None
+            access_token = self.macaroon_gen.generate_access_token(
+                user_id, ["guest = true"]
+            )
+        else:
+            access_token = yield self._auth_handler.get_access_token_for_user_id(
+                user_id, device_id=device_id, valid_until_ms=valid_until_ms
+            )
 
-            defer.returnValue((device_id, access_token))
+        defer.returnValue((device_id, access_token))
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def post_registration_actions(
diff --git a/synapse/storage/registration.py b/synapse/storage/registration.py
index 73580f1725..8b2c2a97ab 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/registration.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/registration.py
@@ -90,7 +90,8 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             token (str): The access token of a user.
         Returns:
             defer.Deferred: None, if the token did not match, otherwise dict
-                including the keys `name`, `is_guest`, `device_id`, `token_id`.
+                including the keys `name`, `is_guest`, `device_id`, `token_id`,
+                `valid_until_ms`.
         """
         return self.runInteraction(
             "get_user_by_access_token", self._query_for_auth, token
@@ -284,7 +285,7 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
     def _query_for_auth(self, txn, token):
         sql = (
             "SELECT users.name, users.is_guest, access_tokens.id as token_id,"
-            " access_tokens.device_id"
+            " access_tokens.device_id, access_tokens.valid_until_ms"
             " FROM users"
             " INNER JOIN access_tokens on users.name = access_tokens.user_id"
             " WHERE token = ?"
@@ -679,14 +680,16 @@ class RegistrationStore(
         defer.returnValue(batch_size)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def add_access_token_to_user(self, user_id, token, device_id=None):
+    def add_access_token_to_user(self, user_id, token, device_id, valid_until_ms):
         """Adds an access token for the given user.
 
         Args:
             user_id (str): The user ID.
             token (str): The new access token to add.
             device_id (str): ID of the device to associate with the access
-               token
+                token
+            valid_until_ms (int|None): when the token is valid until. None for
+                no expiry.
         Raises:
             StoreError if there was a problem adding this.
         """
@@ -694,7 +697,13 @@ class RegistrationStore(
 
         yield self._simple_insert(
             "access_tokens",
-            {"id": next_id, "user_id": user_id, "token": token, "device_id": device_id},
+            {
+                "id": next_id,
+                "user_id": user_id,
+                "token": token,
+                "device_id": device_id,
+                "valid_until_ms": valid_until_ms,
+            },
             desc="add_access_token_to_user",
         )
 
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/55/access_token_expiry.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/55/access_token_expiry.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4590604bfd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/55/access_token_expiry.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+/* Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+-- when this access token can be used until, in ms since the epoch. NULL means the token
+-- never expires.
+ALTER TABLE access_tokens ADD COLUMN valid_until_ms BIGINT;
diff --git a/tests/api/test_auth.py b/tests/api/test_auth.py
index ee92ceeb60..c0cb8ef296 100644
--- a/tests/api/test_auth.py
+++ b/tests/api/test_auth.py
@@ -262,9 +262,11 @@ class AuthTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.store.add_access_token_to_user = Mock()
 
         token = yield self.hs.handlers.auth_handler.get_access_token_for_user_id(
-            USER_ID, "DEVICE"
+            USER_ID, "DEVICE", valid_until_ms=None
+        )
+        self.store.add_access_token_to_user.assert_called_with(
+            USER_ID, token, "DEVICE", None
         )
-        self.store.add_access_token_to_user.assert_called_with(USER_ID, token, "DEVICE")
 
         def get_user(tok):
             if token != tok:
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_auth.py b/tests/handlers/test_auth.py
index b204a0700d..b03103d96f 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_auth.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_auth.py
@@ -117,7 +117,9 @@ class AuthTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_mau_limits_disabled(self):
         self.hs.config.limit_usage_by_mau = False
         # Ensure does not throw exception
-        yield self.auth_handler.get_access_token_for_user_id("user_a")
+        yield self.auth_handler.get_access_token_for_user_id(
+            "user_a", device_id=None, valid_until_ms=None
+        )
 
         yield self.auth_handler.validate_short_term_login_token_and_get_user_id(
             self._get_macaroon().serialize()
@@ -131,7 +133,9 @@ class AuthTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         )
 
         with self.assertRaises(ResourceLimitError):
-            yield self.auth_handler.get_access_token_for_user_id("user_a")
+            yield self.auth_handler.get_access_token_for_user_id(
+                "user_a", device_id=None, valid_until_ms=None
+            )
 
         self.hs.get_datastore().get_monthly_active_count = Mock(
             return_value=defer.succeed(self.large_number_of_users)
@@ -150,7 +154,9 @@ class AuthTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             return_value=defer.succeed(self.hs.config.max_mau_value)
         )
         with self.assertRaises(ResourceLimitError):
-            yield self.auth_handler.get_access_token_for_user_id("user_a")
+            yield self.auth_handler.get_access_token_for_user_id(
+                "user_a", device_id=None, valid_until_ms=None
+            )
 
         self.hs.get_datastore().get_monthly_active_count = Mock(
             return_value=defer.succeed(self.hs.config.max_mau_value)
@@ -166,7 +172,9 @@ class AuthTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.hs.get_datastore().get_monthly_active_count = Mock(
             return_value=defer.succeed(self.hs.config.max_mau_value)
         )
-        yield self.auth_handler.get_access_token_for_user_id("user_a")
+        yield self.auth_handler.get_access_token_for_user_id(
+            "user_a", device_id=None, valid_until_ms=None
+        )
         self.hs.get_datastore().user_last_seen_monthly_active = Mock(
             return_value=defer.succeed(self.hs.get_clock().time_msec())
         )
@@ -185,7 +193,9 @@ class AuthTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             return_value=defer.succeed(self.small_number_of_users)
         )
         # Ensure does not raise exception
-        yield self.auth_handler.get_access_token_for_user_id("user_a")
+        yield self.auth_handler.get_access_token_for_user_id(
+            "user_a", device_id=None, valid_until_ms=None
+        )
 
         self.hs.get_datastore().get_monthly_active_count = Mock(
             return_value=defer.succeed(self.small_number_of_users)
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_register.py b/tests/handlers/test_register.py
index 1b7e1dacee..90d0129374 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_register.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_register.py
@@ -272,7 +272,10 @@ class RegistrationTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
             )
         else:
             yield self.hs.get_auth_handler().delete_access_tokens_for_user(user_id)
-        yield self.store.add_access_token_to_user(user_id=user_id, token=token)
+
+        yield self.store.add_access_token_to_user(
+            user_id=user_id, token=token, device_id=None, valid_until_ms=None
+        )
 
         if displayname is not None:
             # logger.info("setting user display name: %s -> %s", user_id, displayname)
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/v1/test_login.py b/tests/rest/client/v1/test_login.py
index 0397f91a9e..eae5411325 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/v1/test_login.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/v1/test_login.py
@@ -2,10 +2,14 @@ import json
 
 import synapse.rest.admin
 from synapse.rest.client.v1 import login
+from synapse.rest.client.v2_alpha import devices
+from synapse.rest.client.v2_alpha.account import WhoamiRestServlet
 
 from tests import unittest
+from tests.unittest import override_config
 
 LOGIN_URL = b"/_matrix/client/r0/login"
+TEST_URL = b"/_matrix/client/r0/account/whoami"
 
 
 class LoginRestServletTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
@@ -13,6 +17,8 @@ class LoginRestServletTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
     servlets = [
         synapse.rest.admin.register_servlets_for_client_rest_resource,
         login.register_servlets,
+        devices.register_servlets,
+        lambda hs, http_server: WhoamiRestServlet(hs).register(http_server),
     ]
 
     def make_homeserver(self, reactor, clock):
@@ -144,3 +150,105 @@ class LoginRestServletTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         self.render(request)
 
         self.assertEquals(channel.result["code"], b"403", channel.result)
+
+    @override_config({"session_lifetime": "24h"})
+    def test_soft_logout(self):
+        self.register_user("kermit", "monkey")
+
+        # we shouldn't be able to make requests without an access token
+        request, channel = self.make_request(b"GET", TEST_URL)
+        self.render(request)
+        self.assertEquals(channel.result["code"], b"401", channel.result)
+        self.assertEquals(channel.json_body["errcode"], "M_MISSING_TOKEN")
+
+        # log in as normal
+        params = {
+            "type": "m.login.password",
+            "identifier": {"type": "m.id.user", "user": "kermit"},
+            "password": "monkey",
+        }
+        request, channel = self.make_request(b"POST", LOGIN_URL, params)
+        self.render(request)
+
+        self.assertEquals(channel.code, 200, channel.result)
+        access_token = channel.json_body["access_token"]
+        device_id = channel.json_body["device_id"]
+
+        # we should now be able to make requests with the access token
+        request, channel = self.make_request(
+            b"GET", TEST_URL, access_token=access_token
+        )
+        self.render(request)
+        self.assertEquals(channel.code, 200, channel.result)
+
+        # time passes
+        self.reactor.advance(24 * 3600)
+
+        # ... and we should be soft-logouted
+        request, channel = self.make_request(
+            b"GET", TEST_URL, access_token=access_token
+        )
+        self.render(request)
+        self.assertEquals(channel.code, 401, channel.result)
+        self.assertEquals(channel.json_body["errcode"], "M_UNKNOWN_TOKEN")
+        self.assertEquals(channel.json_body["soft_logout"], True)
+
+        #
+        # test behaviour after deleting the expired device
+        #
+
+        # we now log in as a different device
+        access_token_2 = self.login("kermit", "monkey")
+
+        # more requests with the expired token should still return a soft-logout
+        self.reactor.advance(3600)
+        request, channel = self.make_request(
+            b"GET", TEST_URL, access_token=access_token
+        )
+        self.render(request)
+        self.assertEquals(channel.code, 401, channel.result)
+        self.assertEquals(channel.json_body["errcode"], "M_UNKNOWN_TOKEN")
+        self.assertEquals(channel.json_body["soft_logout"], True)
+
+        # ... but if we delete that device, it will be a proper logout
+        self._delete_device(access_token_2, "kermit", "monkey", device_id)
+
+        request, channel = self.make_request(
+            b"GET", TEST_URL, access_token=access_token
+        )
+        self.render(request)
+        self.assertEquals(channel.code, 401, channel.result)
+        self.assertEquals(channel.json_body["errcode"], "M_UNKNOWN_TOKEN")
+        self.assertEquals(channel.json_body["soft_logout"], False)
+
+    def _delete_device(self, access_token, user_id, password, device_id):
+        """Perform the UI-Auth to delete a device"""
+        request, channel = self.make_request(
+            b"DELETE", "devices/" + device_id, access_token=access_token
+        )
+        self.render(request)
+        self.assertEquals(channel.code, 401, channel.result)
+        # check it's a UI-Auth fail
+        self.assertEqual(
+            set(channel.json_body.keys()),
+            {"flows", "params", "session"},
+            channel.result,
+        )
+
+        auth = {
+            "type": "m.login.password",
+            # https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/5665
+            # "identifier": {"type": "m.id.user", "user": user_id},
+            "user": user_id,
+            "password": password,
+            "session": channel.json_body["session"],
+        }
+
+        request, channel = self.make_request(
+            b"DELETE",
+            "devices/" + device_id,
+            access_token=access_token,
+            content={"auth": auth},
+        )
+        self.render(request)
+        self.assertEquals(channel.code, 200, channel.result)
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_registration.py b/tests/storage/test_registration.py
index 9365c4622d..0253c4ac05 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_registration.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_registration.py
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ class RegistrationStoreTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_add_tokens(self):
         yield self.store.register_user(self.user_id, self.pwhash)
         yield self.store.add_access_token_to_user(
-            self.user_id, self.tokens[1], self.device_id
+            self.user_id, self.tokens[1], self.device_id, valid_until_ms=None
         )
 
         result = yield self.store.get_user_by_access_token(self.tokens[1])
@@ -72,9 +72,11 @@ class RegistrationStoreTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_user_delete_access_tokens(self):
         # add some tokens
         yield self.store.register_user(self.user_id, self.pwhash)
-        yield self.store.add_access_token_to_user(self.user_id, self.tokens[0])
         yield self.store.add_access_token_to_user(
-            self.user_id, self.tokens[1], self.device_id
+            self.user_id, self.tokens[0], device_id=None, valid_until_ms=None
+        )
+        yield self.store.add_access_token_to_user(
+            self.user_id, self.tokens[1], self.device_id, valid_until_ms=None
         )
 
         # now delete some
-- 
cgit 1.5.1


From 4806651744616bf48abf408034ab9560e33f60ce Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Amber Brown <hawkowl@atleastfornow.net>
Date: Tue, 23 Jul 2019 23:00:55 +1000
Subject: Replace returnValue with return (#5736)

---
 changelog.d/5736.misc                              |   1 +
 docs/log_contexts.rst                              |   2 +-
 synapse/api/auth.py                                |  44 ++++----
 synapse/api/filtering.py                           |   2 +-
 synapse/app/frontend_proxy.py                      |   8 +-
 synapse/app/homeserver.py                          |   2 +-
 synapse/appservice/__init__.py                     |  28 +++---
 synapse/appservice/api.py                          |  38 +++----
 synapse/appservice/scheduler.py                    |   4 +-
 synapse/crypto/keyring.py                          |  14 +--
 synapse/events/builder.py                          |  16 ++-
 synapse/events/snapshot.py                         |  28 +++---
 synapse/events/third_party_rules.py                |   8 +-
 synapse/events/utils.py                            |   4 +-
 synapse/federation/federation_base.py              |   6 +-
 synapse/federation/federation_client.py            |  46 ++++-----
 synapse/federation/federation_server.py            |  77 ++++++--------
 synapse/federation/sender/per_destination_queue.py |   4 +-
 synapse/federation/sender/transaction_manager.py   |   2 +-
 synapse/federation/transport/client.py             |  30 +++---
 synapse/groups/attestations.py                     |   2 +-
 synapse/groups/groups_server.py                    |  92 ++++++++---------
 synapse/handlers/account_data.py                   |   4 +-
 synapse/handlers/account_validity.py               |   6 +-
 synapse/handlers/acme.py                           |   2 +-
 synapse/handlers/admin.py                          |  10 +-
 synapse/handlers/appservice.py                     |  22 ++--
 synapse/handlers/auth.py                           |  44 ++++----
 synapse/handlers/deactivate_account.py             |   2 +-
 synapse/handlers/device.py                         |  22 ++--
 synapse/handlers/directory.py                      |  14 +--
 synapse/handlers/e2e_keys.py                       |  10 +-
 synapse/handlers/e2e_room_keys.py                  |   8 +-
 synapse/handlers/events.py                         |   6 +-
 synapse/handlers/federation.py                     |  82 ++++++++-------
 synapse/handlers/groups_local.py                   |  26 ++---
 synapse/handlers/identity.py                       |  18 ++--
 synapse/handlers/initial_sync.py                   |  54 +++++-----
 synapse/handlers/message.py                        |  32 +++---
 synapse/handlers/pagination.py                     |  14 ++-
 synapse/handlers/presence.py                       |  54 +++++-----
 synapse/handlers/profile.py                        |  18 ++--
 synapse/handlers/receipts.py                       |  14 +--
 synapse/handlers/register.py                       |  16 +--
 synapse/handlers/room.py                           |  16 +--
 synapse/handlers/room_list.py                      |  10 +-
 synapse/handlers/room_member.py                    |  42 ++++----
 synapse/handlers/room_member_worker.py             |   2 +-
 synapse/handlers/search.py                         |  14 ++-
 synapse/handlers/state_deltas.py                   |   8 +-
 synapse/handlers/stats.py                          |   6 +-
 synapse/handlers/sync.py                           | 112 ++++++++++-----------
 synapse/handlers/typing.py                         |   4 +-
 synapse/handlers/user_directory.py                 |   2 +-
 synapse/http/client.py                             |  28 +++---
 synapse/http/federation/matrix_federation_agent.py |  46 ++++-----
 synapse/http/federation/srv_resolver.py            |   8 +-
 synapse/http/matrixfederationclient.py             |  16 +--
 synapse/logging/opentracing.py                     |   6 +-
 synapse/module_api/__init__.py                     |   2 +-
 synapse/notifier.py                                |  18 ++--
 synapse/push/bulk_push_rule_evaluator.py           |  10 +-
 synapse/push/httppusher.py                         |  18 ++--
 synapse/push/mailer.py                             |  84 +++++++---------
 synapse/push/presentable_names.py                  |  25 +++--
 synapse/push/push_tools.py                         |   4 +-
 synapse/push/pusherpool.py                         |   6 +-
 synapse/replication/http/_base.py                  |   2 +-
 synapse/replication/http/federation.py             |  10 +-
 synapse/replication/http/login.py                  |   2 +-
 synapse/replication/http/membership.py             |   4 +-
 synapse/replication/http/register.py               |   4 +-
 synapse/replication/http/send_event.py             |   4 +-
 synapse/replication/tcp/streams/_base.py           |  12 +--
 synapse/replication/tcp/streams/events.py          |   2 +-
 synapse/rest/admin/__init__.py                     |  48 +++++----
 synapse/rest/admin/server_notice_servlet.py        |   2 +-
 synapse/rest/client/v1/directory.py                |  18 ++--
 synapse/rest/client/v1/events.py                   |   6 +-
 synapse/rest/client/v1/initial_sync.py             |   2 +-
 synapse/rest/client/v1/login.py                    |  14 +--
 synapse/rest/client/v1/logout.py                   |   4 +-
 synapse/rest/client/v1/presence.py                 |   4 +-
 synapse/rest/client/v1/profile.py                  |  14 +--
 synapse/rest/client/v1/push_rule.py                |  10 +-
 synapse/rest/client/v1/pusher.py                   |   8 +-
 synapse/rest/client/v1/room.py                     |  46 ++++-----
 synapse/rest/client/v1/voip.py                     |  22 ++--
 synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/account.py            |  32 +++---
 synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/account_data.py       |   8 +-
 synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/account_validity.py   |   4 +-
 synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/auth.py               |   4 +-
 synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/capabilities.py       |   2 +-
 synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/devices.py            |  10 +-
 synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/filter.py             |   4 +-
 synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/groups.py             |  64 ++++++------
 synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/keys.py               |   8 +-
 synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/notifications.py      |   4 +-
 synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/openid.py             |  18 ++--
 synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/read_marker.py        |   2 +-
 synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/receipts.py           |   2 +-
 synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/register.py           |  38 ++++---
 synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/relations.py          |   8 +-
 synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/report_event.py       |   2 +-
 synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/room_keys.py          |  14 +--
 .../client/v2_alpha/room_upgrade_rest_servlet.py   |   2 +-
 synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/sendtodevice.py       |   2 +-
 synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/sync.py               |  48 ++++-----
 synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/tags.py               |   6 +-
 synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/thirdparty.py         |  10 +-
 synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/user_directory.py     |   4 +-
 synapse/rest/media/v1/media_repository.py          |  18 ++--
 synapse/rest/media/v1/media_storage.py             |  12 +--
 synapse/rest/media/v1/preview_url_resource.py      |  34 +++----
 .../resource_limits_server_notices.py              |   2 +-
 synapse/server_notices/server_notices_manager.py   |   6 +-
 synapse/state/__init__.py                          |  38 ++++---
 synapse/state/v1.py                                |   8 +-
 synapse/state/v2.py                                |  26 ++---
 synapse/storage/__init__.py                        |   2 +-
 synapse/storage/_base.py                           |  14 +--
 synapse/storage/account_data.py                    |  14 ++-
 synapse/storage/appservice.py                      |  14 ++-
 synapse/storage/background_updates.py              |  20 ++--
 synapse/storage/client_ips.py                      |  26 +++--
 synapse/storage/deviceinbox.py                     |  10 +-
 synapse/storage/devices.py                         |  32 +++---
 synapse/storage/directory.py                       |  10 +-
 synapse/storage/e2e_room_keys.py                   |   6 +-
 synapse/storage/end_to_end_keys.py                 |   8 +-
 synapse/storage/event_federation.py                |  12 +--
 synapse/storage/event_push_actions.py              |  16 +--
 synapse/storage/events.py                          |  34 +++----
 synapse/storage/events_bg_updates.py               |   6 +-
 synapse/storage/events_worker.py                   |  20 ++--
 synapse/storage/filtering.py                       |   4 +-
 synapse/storage/group_server.py                    |  38 ++++---
 synapse/storage/monthly_active_users.py            |   2 +-
 synapse/storage/presence.py                        |   6 +-
 synapse/storage/profile.py                         |  12 +--
 synapse/storage/push_rule.py                       |  18 ++--
 synapse/storage/pusher.py                          |  10 +-
 synapse/storage/receipts.py                        |  36 +++----
 synapse/storage/registration.py                    |  34 +++----
 synapse/storage/relations.py                       |   4 +-
 synapse/storage/room.py                            |  10 +-
 synapse/storage/roommember.py                      |  42 ++++----
 synapse/storage/search.py                          |  56 +++++------
 synapse/storage/signatures.py                      |   2 +-
 synapse/storage/state.py                           |  54 +++++-----
 synapse/storage/stats.py                           |  16 +--
 synapse/storage/stream.py                          |  44 ++++----
 synapse/storage/tags.py                            |  12 +--
 synapse/storage/transactions.py                    |   4 +-
 synapse/storage/user_directory.py                  |  30 +++---
 synapse/storage/user_erasure_store.py              |   5 +-
 synapse/streams/events.py                          |   4 +-
 synapse/util/__init__.py                           |   2 +-
 synapse/util/async_helpers.py                      |   4 +-
 synapse/util/caches/descriptors.py                 |   2 +-
 synapse/util/caches/response_cache.py              |   2 +-
 synapse/util/metrics.py                            |   2 +-
 synapse/util/retryutils.py                         |  16 ++-
 synapse/visibility.py                              |   8 +-
 tests/crypto/test_keyring.py                       |   6 +-
 tests/handlers/test_register.py                    |   2 +-
 .../federation/test_matrix_federation_agent.py     |   4 +-
 tests/http/federation/test_srv_resolver.py         |   2 +-
 tests/http/test_fedclient.py                       |   2 +-
 tests/rest/client/test_transactions.py             |   2 +-
 tests/storage/test_background_update.py            |   4 +-
 tests/storage/test_redaction.py                    |   4 +-
 tests/storage/test_roommember.py                   |   2 +-
 tests/storage/test_state.py                        |   2 +-
 tests/test_visibility.py                           |   6 +-
 tests/util/caches/test_descriptors.py              |   8 +-
 tests/utils.py                                     |   6 +-
 177 files changed, 1360 insertions(+), 1514 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 changelog.d/5736.misc
 mode change 100755 => 100644 synapse/app/homeserver.py

(limited to 'tests/handlers')

diff --git a/changelog.d/5736.misc b/changelog.d/5736.misc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5713b8b32d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/5736.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Replace uses of returnValue with plain return, as returnValue is not needed on Python 3.
diff --git a/docs/log_contexts.rst b/docs/log_contexts.rst
index f5cd5de8ab..4502cd9454 100644
--- a/docs/log_contexts.rst
+++ b/docs/log_contexts.rst
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ call any other functions.
         d = more_stuff()
         result = yield d            # also fine, of course
 
-        defer.returnValue(result)
+        return result
 
     def nonInlineCallbacksFun():
         logger.debug("just a wrapper really")
diff --git a/synapse/api/auth.py b/synapse/api/auth.py
index 7ce6540bdd..351790cca4 100644
--- a/synapse/api/auth.py
+++ b/synapse/api/auth.py
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ class Auth(object):
             )
 
         self._check_joined_room(member, user_id, room_id)
-        defer.returnValue(member)
+        return member
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def check_user_was_in_room(self, room_id, user_id):
@@ -156,13 +156,13 @@ class Auth(object):
             if forgot:
                 raise AuthError(403, "User %s not in room %s" % (user_id, room_id))
 
-        defer.returnValue(member)
+        return member
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def check_host_in_room(self, room_id, host):
         with Measure(self.clock, "check_host_in_room"):
             latest_event_ids = yield self.store.is_host_joined(room_id, host)
-            defer.returnValue(latest_event_ids)
+            return latest_event_ids
 
     def _check_joined_room(self, member, user_id, room_id):
         if not member or member.membership != Membership.JOIN:
@@ -219,9 +219,7 @@ class Auth(object):
                         device_id="dummy-device",  # stubbed
                     )
 
-                defer.returnValue(
-                    synapse.types.create_requester(user_id, app_service=app_service)
-                )
+                return synapse.types.create_requester(user_id, app_service=app_service)
 
             user_info = yield self.get_user_by_access_token(access_token, rights)
             user = user_info["user"]
@@ -262,10 +260,8 @@ class Auth(object):
 
             request.authenticated_entity = user.to_string()
 
-            defer.returnValue(
-                synapse.types.create_requester(
-                    user, token_id, is_guest, device_id, app_service=app_service
-                )
+            return synapse.types.create_requester(
+                user, token_id, is_guest, device_id, app_service=app_service
             )
         except KeyError:
             raise MissingClientTokenError()
@@ -276,25 +272,25 @@ class Auth(object):
             self.get_access_token_from_request(request)
         )
         if app_service is None:
-            defer.returnValue((None, None))
+            return (None, None)
 
         if app_service.ip_range_whitelist:
             ip_address = IPAddress(self.hs.get_ip_from_request(request))
             if ip_address not in app_service.ip_range_whitelist:
-                defer.returnValue((None, None))
+                return (None, None)
 
         if b"user_id" not in request.args:
-            defer.returnValue((app_service.sender, app_service))
+            return (app_service.sender, app_service)
 
         user_id = request.args[b"user_id"][0].decode("utf8")
         if app_service.sender == user_id:
-            defer.returnValue((app_service.sender, app_service))
+            return (app_service.sender, app_service)
 
         if not app_service.is_interested_in_user(user_id):
             raise AuthError(403, "Application service cannot masquerade as this user.")
         if not (yield self.store.get_user_by_id(user_id)):
             raise AuthError(403, "Application service has not registered this user")
-        defer.returnValue((user_id, app_service))
+        return (user_id, app_service)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_user_by_access_token(self, token, rights="access"):
@@ -330,7 +326,7 @@ class Auth(object):
                         msg="Access token has expired", soft_logout=True
                     )
 
-                defer.returnValue(r)
+                return r
 
         # otherwise it needs to be a valid macaroon
         try:
@@ -378,7 +374,7 @@ class Auth(object):
                 }
             else:
                 raise RuntimeError("Unknown rights setting %s", rights)
-            defer.returnValue(ret)
+            return ret
         except (
             _InvalidMacaroonException,
             pymacaroons.exceptions.MacaroonException,
@@ -506,7 +502,7 @@ class Auth(object):
     def _look_up_user_by_access_token(self, token):
         ret = yield self.store.get_user_by_access_token(token)
         if not ret:
-            defer.returnValue(None)
+            return None
 
         # we use ret.get() below because *lots* of unit tests stub out
         # get_user_by_access_token in a way where it only returns a couple of
@@ -518,7 +514,7 @@ class Auth(object):
             "device_id": ret.get("device_id"),
             "valid_until_ms": ret.get("valid_until_ms"),
         }
-        defer.returnValue(user_info)
+        return user_info
 
     def get_appservice_by_req(self, request):
         token = self.get_access_token_from_request(request)
@@ -543,7 +539,7 @@ class Auth(object):
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def compute_auth_events(self, event, current_state_ids, for_verification=False):
         if event.type == EventTypes.Create:
-            defer.returnValue([])
+            return []
 
         auth_ids = []
 
@@ -604,7 +600,7 @@ class Auth(object):
             if member_event.content["membership"] == Membership.JOIN:
                 auth_ids.append(member_event.event_id)
 
-        defer.returnValue(auth_ids)
+        return auth_ids
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def check_can_change_room_list(self, room_id, user):
@@ -618,7 +614,7 @@ class Auth(object):
 
         is_admin = yield self.is_server_admin(user)
         if is_admin:
-            defer.returnValue(True)
+            return True
 
         user_id = user.to_string()
         yield self.check_joined_room(room_id, user_id)
@@ -712,7 +708,7 @@ class Auth(object):
             #  * The user is a guest user, and has joined the room
             # else it will throw.
             member_event = yield self.check_user_was_in_room(room_id, user_id)
-            defer.returnValue((member_event.membership, member_event.event_id))
+            return (member_event.membership, member_event.event_id)
         except AuthError:
             visibility = yield self.state.get_current_state(
                 room_id, EventTypes.RoomHistoryVisibility, ""
@@ -721,7 +717,7 @@ class Auth(object):
                 visibility
                 and visibility.content["history_visibility"] == "world_readable"
             ):
-                defer.returnValue((Membership.JOIN, None))
+                return (Membership.JOIN, None)
                 return
             raise AuthError(
                 403, "Guest access not allowed", errcode=Codes.GUEST_ACCESS_FORBIDDEN
diff --git a/synapse/api/filtering.py b/synapse/api/filtering.py
index 9b3daca29b..9f06556bd2 100644
--- a/synapse/api/filtering.py
+++ b/synapse/api/filtering.py
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ class Filtering(object):
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_user_filter(self, user_localpart, filter_id):
         result = yield self.store.get_user_filter(user_localpart, filter_id)
-        defer.returnValue(FilterCollection(result))
+        return FilterCollection(result)
 
     def add_user_filter(self, user_localpart, user_filter):
         self.check_valid_filter(user_filter)
diff --git a/synapse/app/frontend_proxy.py b/synapse/app/frontend_proxy.py
index 5b563c2778..e2822ca848 100644
--- a/synapse/app/frontend_proxy.py
+++ b/synapse/app/frontend_proxy.py
@@ -70,12 +70,12 @@ class PresenceStatusStubServlet(RestServlet):
         except HttpResponseException as e:
             raise e.to_synapse_error()
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, result))
+        return (200, result)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_PUT(self, request, user_id):
         yield self.auth.get_user_by_req(request)
-        defer.returnValue((200, {}))
+        return (200, {})
 
 
 class KeyUploadServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -126,11 +126,11 @@ class KeyUploadServlet(RestServlet):
                 self.main_uri + request.uri.decode("ascii"), body, headers=headers
             )
 
-            defer.returnValue((200, result))
+            return (200, result)
         else:
             # Just interested in counts.
             result = yield self.store.count_e2e_one_time_keys(user_id, device_id)
-            defer.returnValue((200, {"one_time_key_counts": result}))
+            return (200, {"one_time_key_counts": result})
 
 
 class FrontendProxySlavedStore(
diff --git a/synapse/app/homeserver.py b/synapse/app/homeserver.py
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 34c3f5ee99..7d6b51b5bc
--- a/synapse/app/homeserver.py
+++ b/synapse/app/homeserver.py
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ def setup(config_options):
         if provision:
             yield acme.provision_certificate()
 
-        defer.returnValue(provision)
+        return provision
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def reprovision_acme():
diff --git a/synapse/appservice/__init__.py b/synapse/appservice/__init__.py
index b26a31dd54..33b3579425 100644
--- a/synapse/appservice/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/appservice/__init__.py
@@ -175,21 +175,21 @@ class ApplicationService(object):
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _matches_user(self, event, store):
         if not event:
-            defer.returnValue(False)
+            return False
 
         if self.is_interested_in_user(event.sender):
-            defer.returnValue(True)
+            return True
         # also check m.room.member state key
         if event.type == EventTypes.Member and self.is_interested_in_user(
             event.state_key
         ):
-            defer.returnValue(True)
+            return True
 
         if not store:
-            defer.returnValue(False)
+            return False
 
         does_match = yield self._matches_user_in_member_list(event.room_id, store)
-        defer.returnValue(does_match)
+        return does_match
 
     @cachedInlineCallbacks(num_args=1, cache_context=True)
     def _matches_user_in_member_list(self, room_id, store, cache_context):
@@ -200,8 +200,8 @@ class ApplicationService(object):
         # check joined member events
         for user_id in member_list:
             if self.is_interested_in_user(user_id):
-                defer.returnValue(True)
-        defer.returnValue(False)
+                return True
+        return False
 
     def _matches_room_id(self, event):
         if hasattr(event, "room_id"):
@@ -211,13 +211,13 @@ class ApplicationService(object):
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _matches_aliases(self, event, store):
         if not store or not event:
-            defer.returnValue(False)
+            return False
 
         alias_list = yield store.get_aliases_for_room(event.room_id)
         for alias in alias_list:
             if self.is_interested_in_alias(alias):
-                defer.returnValue(True)
-        defer.returnValue(False)
+                return True
+        return False
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def is_interested(self, event, store=None):
@@ -231,15 +231,15 @@ class ApplicationService(object):
         """
         # Do cheap checks first
         if self._matches_room_id(event):
-            defer.returnValue(True)
+            return True
 
         if (yield self._matches_aliases(event, store)):
-            defer.returnValue(True)
+            return True
 
         if (yield self._matches_user(event, store)):
-            defer.returnValue(True)
+            return True
 
-        defer.returnValue(False)
+        return False
 
     def is_interested_in_user(self, user_id):
         return (
diff --git a/synapse/appservice/api.py b/synapse/appservice/api.py
index 571881775b..007ca75a94 100644
--- a/synapse/appservice/api.py
+++ b/synapse/appservice/api.py
@@ -97,40 +97,40 @@ class ApplicationServiceApi(SimpleHttpClient):
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def query_user(self, service, user_id):
         if service.url is None:
-            defer.returnValue(False)
+            return False
         uri = service.url + ("/users/%s" % urllib.parse.quote(user_id))
         response = None
         try:
             response = yield self.get_json(uri, {"access_token": service.hs_token})
             if response is not None:  # just an empty json object
-                defer.returnValue(True)
+                return True
         except CodeMessageException as e:
             if e.code == 404:
-                defer.returnValue(False)
+                return False
                 return
             logger.warning("query_user to %s received %s", uri, e.code)
         except Exception as ex:
             logger.warning("query_user to %s threw exception %s", uri, ex)
-        defer.returnValue(False)
+        return False
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def query_alias(self, service, alias):
         if service.url is None:
-            defer.returnValue(False)
+            return False
         uri = service.url + ("/rooms/%s" % urllib.parse.quote(alias))
         response = None
         try:
             response = yield self.get_json(uri, {"access_token": service.hs_token})
             if response is not None:  # just an empty json object
-                defer.returnValue(True)
+                return True
         except CodeMessageException as e:
             logger.warning("query_alias to %s received %s", uri, e.code)
             if e.code == 404:
-                defer.returnValue(False)
+                return False
                 return
         except Exception as ex:
             logger.warning("query_alias to %s threw exception %s", uri, ex)
-        defer.returnValue(False)
+        return False
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def query_3pe(self, service, kind, protocol, fields):
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ class ApplicationServiceApi(SimpleHttpClient):
         else:
             raise ValueError("Unrecognised 'kind' argument %r to query_3pe()", kind)
         if service.url is None:
-            defer.returnValue([])
+            return []
 
         uri = "%s%s/thirdparty/%s/%s" % (
             service.url,
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ class ApplicationServiceApi(SimpleHttpClient):
                 logger.warning(
                     "query_3pe to %s returned an invalid response %r", uri, response
                 )
-                defer.returnValue([])
+                return []
 
             ret = []
             for r in response:
@@ -166,14 +166,14 @@ class ApplicationServiceApi(SimpleHttpClient):
                         "query_3pe to %s returned an invalid result %r", uri, r
                     )
 
-            defer.returnValue(ret)
+            return ret
         except Exception as ex:
             logger.warning("query_3pe to %s threw exception %s", uri, ex)
-            defer.returnValue([])
+            return []
 
     def get_3pe_protocol(self, service, protocol):
         if service.url is None:
-            defer.returnValue({})
+            return {}
 
         @defer.inlineCallbacks
         def _get():
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ class ApplicationServiceApi(SimpleHttpClient):
                     logger.warning(
                         "query_3pe_protocol to %s did not return a" " valid result", uri
                     )
-                    defer.returnValue(None)
+                    return None
 
                 for instance in info.get("instances", []):
                     network_id = instance.get("network_id", None)
@@ -198,10 +198,10 @@ class ApplicationServiceApi(SimpleHttpClient):
                             service.id, network_id
                         ).to_string()
 
-                defer.returnValue(info)
+                return info
             except Exception as ex:
                 logger.warning("query_3pe_protocol to %s threw exception %s", uri, ex)
-                defer.returnValue(None)
+                return None
 
         key = (service.id, protocol)
         return self.protocol_meta_cache.wrap(key, _get)
@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ class ApplicationServiceApi(SimpleHttpClient):
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def push_bulk(self, service, events, txn_id=None):
         if service.url is None:
-            defer.returnValue(True)
+            return True
 
         events = self._serialize(events)
 
@@ -229,14 +229,14 @@ class ApplicationServiceApi(SimpleHttpClient):
             )
             sent_transactions_counter.labels(service.id).inc()
             sent_events_counter.labels(service.id).inc(len(events))
-            defer.returnValue(True)
+            return True
             return
         except CodeMessageException as e:
             logger.warning("push_bulk to %s received %s", uri, e.code)
         except Exception as ex:
             logger.warning("push_bulk to %s threw exception %s", uri, ex)
         failed_transactions_counter.labels(service.id).inc()
-        defer.returnValue(False)
+        return False
 
     def _serialize(self, events):
         time_now = self.clock.time_msec()
diff --git a/synapse/appservice/scheduler.py b/synapse/appservice/scheduler.py
index e5b36494f5..42a350bff8 100644
--- a/synapse/appservice/scheduler.py
+++ b/synapse/appservice/scheduler.py
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ class _TransactionController(object):
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _is_service_up(self, service):
         state = yield self.store.get_appservice_state(service)
-        defer.returnValue(state == ApplicationServiceState.UP or state is None)
+        return state == ApplicationServiceState.UP or state is None
 
 
 class _Recoverer(object):
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ class _Recoverer(object):
                 r.service.id,
             )
             r.recover()
-        defer.returnValue(recoverers)
+        return recoverers
 
     def __init__(self, clock, store, as_api, service, callback):
         self.clock = clock
diff --git a/synapse/crypto/keyring.py b/synapse/crypto/keyring.py
index e8bb420ad1..6c3e885e72 100644
--- a/synapse/crypto/keyring.py
+++ b/synapse/crypto/keyring.py
@@ -462,7 +462,7 @@ class StoreKeyFetcher(KeyFetcher):
         keys = {}
         for (server_name, key_id), key in res.items():
             keys.setdefault(server_name, {})[key_id] = key
-        defer.returnValue(keys)
+        return keys
 
 
 class BaseV2KeyFetcher(object):
@@ -566,7 +566,7 @@ class BaseV2KeyFetcher(object):
             ).addErrback(unwrapFirstError)
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue(verify_keys)
+        return verify_keys
 
 
 class PerspectivesKeyFetcher(BaseV2KeyFetcher):
@@ -588,7 +588,7 @@ class PerspectivesKeyFetcher(BaseV2KeyFetcher):
                 result = yield self.get_server_verify_key_v2_indirect(
                     keys_to_fetch, key_server
                 )
-                defer.returnValue(result)
+                return result
             except KeyLookupError as e:
                 logger.warning(
                     "Key lookup failed from %r: %s", key_server.server_name, e
@@ -601,7 +601,7 @@ class PerspectivesKeyFetcher(BaseV2KeyFetcher):
                     str(e),
                 )
 
-            defer.returnValue({})
+            return {}
 
         results = yield make_deferred_yieldable(
             defer.gatherResults(
@@ -615,7 +615,7 @@ class PerspectivesKeyFetcher(BaseV2KeyFetcher):
             for server_name, keys in result.items():
                 union_of_keys.setdefault(server_name, {}).update(keys)
 
-        defer.returnValue(union_of_keys)
+        return union_of_keys
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_server_verify_key_v2_indirect(self, keys_to_fetch, key_server):
@@ -701,7 +701,7 @@ class PerspectivesKeyFetcher(BaseV2KeyFetcher):
             perspective_name, time_now_ms, added_keys
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue(keys)
+        return keys
 
     def _validate_perspectives_response(self, key_server, response):
         """Optionally check the signature on the result of a /key/query request
@@ -843,7 +843,7 @@ class ServerKeyFetcher(BaseV2KeyFetcher):
             )
             keys.update(response_keys)
 
-        defer.returnValue(keys)
+        return keys
 
 
 @defer.inlineCallbacks
diff --git a/synapse/events/builder.py b/synapse/events/builder.py
index db011e0407..3997751337 100644
--- a/synapse/events/builder.py
+++ b/synapse/events/builder.py
@@ -144,15 +144,13 @@ class EventBuilder(object):
         if self._origin_server_ts is not None:
             event_dict["origin_server_ts"] = self._origin_server_ts
 
-        defer.returnValue(
-            create_local_event_from_event_dict(
-                clock=self._clock,
-                hostname=self._hostname,
-                signing_key=self._signing_key,
-                format_version=self.format_version,
-                event_dict=event_dict,
-                internal_metadata_dict=self.internal_metadata.get_dict(),
-            )
+        return create_local_event_from_event_dict(
+            clock=self._clock,
+            hostname=self._hostname,
+            signing_key=self._signing_key,
+            format_version=self.format_version,
+            event_dict=event_dict,
+            internal_metadata_dict=self.internal_metadata.get_dict(),
         )
 
 
diff --git a/synapse/events/snapshot.py b/synapse/events/snapshot.py
index a9545e6c1b..acbcbeeced 100644
--- a/synapse/events/snapshot.py
+++ b/synapse/events/snapshot.py
@@ -133,19 +133,17 @@ class EventContext(object):
         else:
             prev_state_id = None
 
-        defer.returnValue(
-            {
-                "prev_state_id": prev_state_id,
-                "event_type": event.type,
-                "event_state_key": event.state_key if event.is_state() else None,
-                "state_group": self.state_group,
-                "rejected": self.rejected,
-                "prev_group": self.prev_group,
-                "delta_ids": _encode_state_dict(self.delta_ids),
-                "prev_state_events": self.prev_state_events,
-                "app_service_id": self.app_service.id if self.app_service else None,
-            }
-        )
+        return {
+            "prev_state_id": prev_state_id,
+            "event_type": event.type,
+            "event_state_key": event.state_key if event.is_state() else None,
+            "state_group": self.state_group,
+            "rejected": self.rejected,
+            "prev_group": self.prev_group,
+            "delta_ids": _encode_state_dict(self.delta_ids),
+            "prev_state_events": self.prev_state_events,
+            "app_service_id": self.app_service.id if self.app_service else None,
+        }
 
     @staticmethod
     def deserialize(store, input):
@@ -202,7 +200,7 @@ class EventContext(object):
 
         yield make_deferred_yieldable(self._fetching_state_deferred)
 
-        defer.returnValue(self._current_state_ids)
+        return self._current_state_ids
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_prev_state_ids(self, store):
@@ -222,7 +220,7 @@ class EventContext(object):
 
         yield make_deferred_yieldable(self._fetching_state_deferred)
 
-        defer.returnValue(self._prev_state_ids)
+        return self._prev_state_ids
 
     def get_cached_current_state_ids(self):
         """Gets the current state IDs if we have them already cached.
diff --git a/synapse/events/third_party_rules.py b/synapse/events/third_party_rules.py
index 8f5d95696b..714a9b1579 100644
--- a/synapse/events/third_party_rules.py
+++ b/synapse/events/third_party_rules.py
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ class ThirdPartyEventRules(object):
             defer.Deferred[bool]: True if the event should be allowed, False if not.
         """
         if self.third_party_rules is None:
-            defer.returnValue(True)
+            return True
 
         prev_state_ids = yield context.get_prev_state_ids(self.store)
 
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ class ThirdPartyEventRules(object):
             state_events[key] = yield self.store.get_event(event_id, allow_none=True)
 
         ret = yield self.third_party_rules.check_event_allowed(event, state_events)
-        defer.returnValue(ret)
+        return ret
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_create_room(self, requester, config, is_requester_admin):
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ class ThirdPartyEventRules(object):
         """
 
         if self.third_party_rules is None:
-            defer.returnValue(True)
+            return True
 
         state_ids = yield self.store.get_filtered_current_state_ids(room_id)
         room_state_events = yield self.store.get_events(state_ids.values())
@@ -110,4 +110,4 @@ class ThirdPartyEventRules(object):
         ret = yield self.third_party_rules.check_threepid_can_be_invited(
             medium, address, state_events
         )
-        defer.returnValue(ret)
+        return ret
diff --git a/synapse/events/utils.py b/synapse/events/utils.py
index 9487a886f5..07d1c5bcf0 100644
--- a/synapse/events/utils.py
+++ b/synapse/events/utils.py
@@ -360,7 +360,7 @@ class EventClientSerializer(object):
         """
         # To handle the case of presence events and the like
         if not isinstance(event, EventBase):
-            defer.returnValue(event)
+            return event
 
         event_id = event.event_id
         serialized_event = serialize_event(event, time_now, **kwargs)
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ class EventClientSerializer(object):
                     "sender": edit.sender,
                 }
 
-        defer.returnValue(serialized_event)
+        return serialized_event
 
     def serialize_events(self, events, time_now, **kwargs):
         """Serializes multiple events.
diff --git a/synapse/federation/federation_base.py b/synapse/federation/federation_base.py
index f7bb806ae7..5a1e23a145 100644
--- a/synapse/federation/federation_base.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/federation_base.py
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ class FederationBase(object):
                     "Failed to find copy of %s with valid signature", pdu.event_id
                 )
 
-            defer.returnValue(res)
+            return res
 
         handle = preserve_fn(handle_check_result)
         deferreds2 = [handle(pdu, deferred) for pdu, deferred in zip(pdus, deferreds)]
@@ -116,9 +116,9 @@ class FederationBase(object):
         ).addErrback(unwrapFirstError)
 
         if include_none:
-            defer.returnValue(valid_pdus)
+            return valid_pdus
         else:
-            defer.returnValue([p for p in valid_pdus if p])
+            return [p for p in valid_pdus if p]
 
     def _check_sigs_and_hash(self, room_version, pdu):
         return make_deferred_yieldable(
diff --git a/synapse/federation/federation_client.py b/synapse/federation/federation_client.py
index 3cb4b94420..25ed1257f1 100644
--- a/synapse/federation/federation_client.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/federation_client.py
@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
             ).addErrback(unwrapFirstError)
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue(pdus)
+        return pdus
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     @log_function
@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
 
         ev = self._get_pdu_cache.get(event_id)
         if ev:
-            defer.returnValue(ev)
+            return ev
 
         pdu_attempts = self.pdu_destination_tried.setdefault(event_id, {})
 
@@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
         if signed_pdu:
             self._get_pdu_cache[event_id] = signed_pdu
 
-        defer.returnValue(signed_pdu)
+        return signed_pdu
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     @log_function
@@ -355,7 +355,7 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
 
             auth_chain.sort(key=lambda e: e.depth)
 
-            defer.returnValue((pdus, auth_chain))
+            return (pdus, auth_chain)
         except HttpResponseException as e:
             if e.code == 400 or e.code == 404:
                 logger.info("Failed to use get_room_state_ids API, falling back")
@@ -404,7 +404,7 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
 
         signed_auth.sort(key=lambda e: e.depth)
 
-        defer.returnValue((signed_pdus, signed_auth))
+        return (signed_pdus, signed_auth)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_events_from_store_or_dest(self, destination, room_id, event_ids):
@@ -429,7 +429,7 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
             missing_events.discard(k)
 
         if not missing_events:
-            defer.returnValue((signed_events, failed_to_fetch))
+            return (signed_events, failed_to_fetch)
 
         logger.debug(
             "Fetching unknown state/auth events %s for room %s",
@@ -465,7 +465,7 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
             # We removed all events we successfully fetched from `batch`
             failed_to_fetch.update(batch)
 
-        defer.returnValue((signed_events, failed_to_fetch))
+        return (signed_events, failed_to_fetch)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     @log_function
@@ -485,7 +485,7 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
 
         signed_auth.sort(key=lambda e: e.depth)
 
-        defer.returnValue(signed_auth)
+        return signed_auth
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _try_destination_list(self, description, destinations, callback):
@@ -521,7 +521,7 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
 
             try:
                 res = yield callback(destination)
-                defer.returnValue(res)
+                return res
             except InvalidResponseError as e:
                 logger.warn("Failed to %s via %s: %s", description, destination, e)
             except HttpResponseException as e:
@@ -615,7 +615,7 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
                 event_dict=pdu_dict,
             )
 
-            defer.returnValue((destination, ev, event_format))
+            return (destination, ev, event_format)
 
         return self._try_destination_list(
             "make_" + membership, destinations, send_request
@@ -728,13 +728,11 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
 
             check_authchain_validity(signed_auth)
 
-            defer.returnValue(
-                {
-                    "state": signed_state,
-                    "auth_chain": signed_auth,
-                    "origin": destination,
-                }
-            )
+            return {
+                "state": signed_state,
+                "auth_chain": signed_auth,
+                "origin": destination,
+            }
 
         return self._try_destination_list("send_join", destinations, send_request)
 
@@ -758,7 +756,7 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
 
         # FIXME: We should handle signature failures more gracefully.
 
-        defer.returnValue(pdu)
+        return pdu
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _do_send_invite(self, destination, pdu, room_version):
@@ -786,7 +784,7 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
                     "invite_room_state": pdu.unsigned.get("invite_room_state", []),
                 },
             )
-            defer.returnValue(content)
+            return content
         except HttpResponseException as e:
             if e.code in [400, 404]:
                 err = e.to_synapse_error()
@@ -821,7 +819,7 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
             event_id=pdu.event_id,
             content=pdu.get_pdu_json(time_now),
         )
-        defer.returnValue(content)
+        return content
 
     def send_leave(self, destinations, pdu):
         """Sends a leave event to one of a list of homeservers.
@@ -856,7 +854,7 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
             )
 
             logger.debug("Got content: %s", content)
-            defer.returnValue(None)
+            return None
 
         return self._try_destination_list("send_leave", destinations, send_request)
 
@@ -917,7 +915,7 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
             "missing": content.get("missing", []),
         }
 
-        defer.returnValue(ret)
+        return ret
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_missing_events(
@@ -974,7 +972,7 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
             # get_missing_events
             signed_events = []
 
-        defer.returnValue(signed_events)
+        return signed_events
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def forward_third_party_invite(self, destinations, room_id, event_dict):
@@ -986,7 +984,7 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
                 yield self.transport_layer.exchange_third_party_invite(
                     destination=destination, room_id=room_id, event_dict=event_dict
                 )
-                defer.returnValue(None)
+                return None
             except CodeMessageException:
                 raise
             except Exception as e:
diff --git a/synapse/federation/federation_server.py b/synapse/federation/federation_server.py
index 8c0a18b120..b4b9a05ca6 100644
--- a/synapse/federation/federation_server.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/federation_server.py
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
 
             res = self._transaction_from_pdus(pdus).get_dict()
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, res))
+        return (200, res)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     @log_function
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
                 origin, transaction, request_time
             )
 
-        defer.returnValue(result)
+        return result
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _handle_incoming_transaction(self, origin, transaction, request_time):
@@ -147,8 +147,7 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
                 "[%s] We've already responded to this request",
                 transaction.transaction_id,
             )
-            defer.returnValue(response)
-            return
+            return response
 
         logger.debug("[%s] Transaction is new", transaction.transaction_id)
 
@@ -163,7 +162,7 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
             yield self.transaction_actions.set_response(
                 origin, transaction, 400, response
             )
-            defer.returnValue((400, response))
+            return (400, response)
 
         received_pdus_counter.inc(len(transaction.pdus))
 
@@ -265,7 +264,7 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
         logger.debug("Returning: %s", str(response))
 
         yield self.transaction_actions.set_response(origin, transaction, 200, response)
-        defer.returnValue((200, response))
+        return (200, response)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def received_edu(self, origin, edu_type, content):
@@ -298,7 +297,7 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
                 event_id,
             )
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, resp))
+        return (200, resp)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_state_ids_request(self, origin, room_id, event_id):
@@ -315,9 +314,7 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
         state_ids = yield self.handler.get_state_ids_for_pdu(room_id, event_id)
         auth_chain_ids = yield self.store.get_auth_chain_ids(state_ids)
 
-        defer.returnValue(
-            (200, {"pdu_ids": state_ids, "auth_chain_ids": auth_chain_ids})
-        )
+        return (200, {"pdu_ids": state_ids, "auth_chain_ids": auth_chain_ids})
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _on_context_state_request_compute(self, room_id, event_id):
@@ -336,12 +333,10 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
                     )
                 )
 
-        defer.returnValue(
-            {
-                "pdus": [pdu.get_pdu_json() for pdu in pdus],
-                "auth_chain": [pdu.get_pdu_json() for pdu in auth_chain],
-            }
-        )
+        return {
+            "pdus": [pdu.get_pdu_json() for pdu in pdus],
+            "auth_chain": [pdu.get_pdu_json() for pdu in auth_chain],
+        }
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     @log_function
@@ -349,15 +344,15 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
         pdu = yield self.handler.get_persisted_pdu(origin, event_id)
 
         if pdu:
-            defer.returnValue((200, self._transaction_from_pdus([pdu]).get_dict()))
+            return (200, self._transaction_from_pdus([pdu]).get_dict())
         else:
-            defer.returnValue((404, ""))
+            return (404, "")
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_query_request(self, query_type, args):
         received_queries_counter.labels(query_type).inc()
         resp = yield self.registry.on_query(query_type, args)
-        defer.returnValue((200, resp))
+        return (200, resp)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_make_join_request(self, origin, room_id, user_id, supported_versions):
@@ -371,9 +366,7 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
 
         pdu = yield self.handler.on_make_join_request(room_id, user_id)
         time_now = self._clock.time_msec()
-        defer.returnValue(
-            {"event": pdu.get_pdu_json(time_now), "room_version": room_version}
-        )
+        return {"event": pdu.get_pdu_json(time_now), "room_version": room_version}
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_invite_request(self, origin, content, room_version):
@@ -391,7 +384,7 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
         yield self.check_server_matches_acl(origin_host, pdu.room_id)
         ret_pdu = yield self.handler.on_invite_request(origin, pdu)
         time_now = self._clock.time_msec()
-        defer.returnValue({"event": ret_pdu.get_pdu_json(time_now)})
+        return {"event": ret_pdu.get_pdu_json(time_now)}
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_send_join_request(self, origin, content, room_id):
@@ -407,16 +400,14 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
         logger.debug("on_send_join_request: pdu sigs: %s", pdu.signatures)
         res_pdus = yield self.handler.on_send_join_request(origin, pdu)
         time_now = self._clock.time_msec()
-        defer.returnValue(
-            (
-                200,
-                {
-                    "state": [p.get_pdu_json(time_now) for p in res_pdus["state"]],
-                    "auth_chain": [
-                        p.get_pdu_json(time_now) for p in res_pdus["auth_chain"]
-                    ],
-                },
-            )
+        return (
+            200,
+            {
+                "state": [p.get_pdu_json(time_now) for p in res_pdus["state"]],
+                "auth_chain": [
+                    p.get_pdu_json(time_now) for p in res_pdus["auth_chain"]
+                ],
+            },
         )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -428,9 +419,7 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
         room_version = yield self.store.get_room_version(room_id)
 
         time_now = self._clock.time_msec()
-        defer.returnValue(
-            {"event": pdu.get_pdu_json(time_now), "room_version": room_version}
-        )
+        return {"event": pdu.get_pdu_json(time_now), "room_version": room_version}
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_send_leave_request(self, origin, content, room_id):
@@ -445,7 +434,7 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
 
         logger.debug("on_send_leave_request: pdu sigs: %s", pdu.signatures)
         yield self.handler.on_send_leave_request(origin, pdu)
-        defer.returnValue((200, {}))
+        return (200, {})
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_event_auth(self, origin, room_id, event_id):
@@ -456,7 +445,7 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
             time_now = self._clock.time_msec()
             auth_pdus = yield self.handler.on_event_auth(event_id)
             res = {"auth_chain": [a.get_pdu_json(time_now) for a in auth_pdus]}
-        defer.returnValue((200, res))
+        return (200, res)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_query_auth_request(self, origin, content, room_id, event_id):
@@ -509,7 +498,7 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
                 "missing": ret.get("missing", []),
             }
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, send_content))
+        return (200, send_content)
 
     @log_function
     def on_query_client_keys(self, origin, content):
@@ -548,7 +537,7 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
             ),
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue({"one_time_keys": json_result})
+        return {"one_time_keys": json_result}
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     @log_function
@@ -580,9 +569,7 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
 
             time_now = self._clock.time_msec()
 
-        defer.returnValue(
-            {"events": [ev.get_pdu_json(time_now) for ev in missing_events]}
-        )
+        return {"events": [ev.get_pdu_json(time_now) for ev in missing_events]}
 
     @log_function
     def on_openid_userinfo(self, token):
@@ -676,14 +663,14 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
         ret = yield self.handler.exchange_third_party_invite(
             sender_user_id, target_user_id, room_id, signed
         )
-        defer.returnValue(ret)
+        return ret
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_exchange_third_party_invite_request(self, origin, room_id, event_dict):
         ret = yield self.handler.on_exchange_third_party_invite_request(
             origin, room_id, event_dict
         )
-        defer.returnValue(ret)
+        return ret
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def check_server_matches_acl(self, server_name, room_id):
diff --git a/synapse/federation/sender/per_destination_queue.py b/synapse/federation/sender/per_destination_queue.py
index 9aab12c0d3..fad980b893 100644
--- a/synapse/federation/sender/per_destination_queue.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/sender/per_destination_queue.py
@@ -374,7 +374,7 @@ class PerDestinationQueue(object):
 
         assert len(edus) <= limit, "get_devices_by_remote returned too many EDUs"
 
-        defer.returnValue((edus, now_stream_id))
+        return (edus, now_stream_id)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _get_to_device_message_edus(self, limit):
@@ -393,4 +393,4 @@ class PerDestinationQueue(object):
             for content in contents
         ]
 
-        defer.returnValue((edus, stream_id))
+        return (edus, stream_id)
diff --git a/synapse/federation/sender/transaction_manager.py b/synapse/federation/sender/transaction_manager.py
index 0460a8c4ac..52706302f2 100644
--- a/synapse/federation/sender/transaction_manager.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/sender/transaction_manager.py
@@ -133,4 +133,4 @@ class TransactionManager(object):
                 )
             success = False
 
-        defer.returnValue(success)
+        return success
diff --git a/synapse/federation/transport/client.py b/synapse/federation/transport/client.py
index 1aae9ec9e7..2a6709ff48 100644
--- a/synapse/federation/transport/client.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/transport/client.py
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
             try_trailing_slash_on_400=True,
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue(response)
+        return response
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     @log_function
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
             ignore_backoff=ignore_backoff,
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue(content)
+        return content
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     @log_function
@@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
             ignore_backoff=ignore_backoff,
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue(content)
+        return content
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     @log_function
@@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
             destination=destination, path=path, data=content
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue(response)
+        return response
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     @log_function
@@ -288,7 +288,7 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
             ignore_backoff=True,
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue(response)
+        return response
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     @log_function
@@ -299,7 +299,7 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
             destination=destination, path=path, data=content, ignore_backoff=True
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue(response)
+        return response
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     @log_function
@@ -310,7 +310,7 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
             destination=destination, path=path, data=content, ignore_backoff=True
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue(response)
+        return response
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     @log_function
@@ -339,7 +339,7 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
             destination=remote_server, path=path, args=args, ignore_backoff=True
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue(response)
+        return response
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     @log_function
@@ -350,7 +350,7 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
             destination=destination, path=path, data=event_dict
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue(response)
+        return response
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     @log_function
@@ -359,7 +359,7 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
 
         content = yield self.client.get_json(destination=destination, path=path)
 
-        defer.returnValue(content)
+        return content
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     @log_function
@@ -370,7 +370,7 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
             destination=destination, path=path, data=content
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue(content)
+        return content
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     @log_function
@@ -402,7 +402,7 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
         content = yield self.client.post_json(
             destination=destination, path=path, data=query_content, timeout=timeout
         )
-        defer.returnValue(content)
+        return content
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     @log_function
@@ -426,7 +426,7 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
         content = yield self.client.get_json(
             destination=destination, path=path, timeout=timeout
         )
-        defer.returnValue(content)
+        return content
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     @log_function
@@ -460,7 +460,7 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
         content = yield self.client.post_json(
             destination=destination, path=path, data=query_content, timeout=timeout
         )
-        defer.returnValue(content)
+        return content
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     @log_function
@@ -488,7 +488,7 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
             timeout=timeout,
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue(content)
+        return content
 
     @log_function
     def get_group_profile(self, destination, group_id, requester_user_id):
diff --git a/synapse/groups/attestations.py b/synapse/groups/attestations.py
index f497711133..dfd7ae041b 100644
--- a/synapse/groups/attestations.py
+++ b/synapse/groups/attestations.py
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ class GroupAttestionRenewer(object):
 
         yield self.store.update_remote_attestion(group_id, user_id, attestation)
 
-        defer.returnValue({})
+        return {}
 
     def _start_renew_attestations(self):
         return run_as_background_process("renew_attestations", self._renew_attestations)
diff --git a/synapse/groups/groups_server.py b/synapse/groups/groups_server.py
index 168c9e3f84..d50e691436 100644
--- a/synapse/groups/groups_server.py
+++ b/synapse/groups/groups_server.py
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ class GroupsServerHandler(object):
             if not is_admin:
                 raise SynapseError(403, "User is not admin in group")
 
-        defer.returnValue(group)
+        return group
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_group_summary(self, group_id, requester_user_id):
@@ -151,22 +151,20 @@ class GroupsServerHandler(object):
             group_id, requester_user_id
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue(
-            {
-                "profile": profile,
-                "users_section": {
-                    "users": users,
-                    "roles": roles,
-                    "total_user_count_estimate": 0,  # TODO
-                },
-                "rooms_section": {
-                    "rooms": rooms,
-                    "categories": categories,
-                    "total_room_count_estimate": 0,  # TODO
-                },
-                "user": membership_info,
-            }
-        )
+        return {
+            "profile": profile,
+            "users_section": {
+                "users": users,
+                "roles": roles,
+                "total_user_count_estimate": 0,  # TODO
+            },
+            "rooms_section": {
+                "rooms": rooms,
+                "categories": categories,
+                "total_room_count_estimate": 0,  # TODO
+            },
+            "user": membership_info,
+        }
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def update_group_summary_room(
@@ -192,7 +190,7 @@ class GroupsServerHandler(object):
             is_public=is_public,
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue({})
+        return {}
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def delete_group_summary_room(
@@ -208,7 +206,7 @@ class GroupsServerHandler(object):
             group_id=group_id, room_id=room_id, category_id=category_id
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue({})
+        return {}
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def set_group_join_policy(self, group_id, requester_user_id, content):
@@ -228,7 +226,7 @@ class GroupsServerHandler(object):
 
         yield self.store.set_group_join_policy(group_id, join_policy=join_policy)
 
-        defer.returnValue({})
+        return {}
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_group_categories(self, group_id, requester_user_id):
@@ -237,7 +235,7 @@ class GroupsServerHandler(object):
         yield self.check_group_is_ours(group_id, requester_user_id, and_exists=True)
 
         categories = yield self.store.get_group_categories(group_id=group_id)
-        defer.returnValue({"categories": categories})
+        return {"categories": categories}
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_group_category(self, group_id, requester_user_id, category_id):
@@ -249,7 +247,7 @@ class GroupsServerHandler(object):
             group_id=group_id, category_id=category_id
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue(res)
+        return res
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def update_group_category(self, group_id, requester_user_id, category_id, content):
@@ -269,7 +267,7 @@ class GroupsServerHandler(object):
             profile=profile,
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue({})
+        return {}
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def delete_group_category(self, group_id, requester_user_id, category_id):
@@ -283,7 +281,7 @@ class GroupsServerHandler(object):
             group_id=group_id, category_id=category_id
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue({})
+        return {}
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_group_roles(self, group_id, requester_user_id):
@@ -292,7 +290,7 @@ class GroupsServerHandler(object):
         yield self.check_group_is_ours(group_id, requester_user_id, and_exists=True)
 
         roles = yield self.store.get_group_roles(group_id=group_id)
-        defer.returnValue({"roles": roles})
+        return {"roles": roles}
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_group_role(self, group_id, requester_user_id, role_id):
@@ -301,7 +299,7 @@ class GroupsServerHandler(object):
         yield self.check_group_is_ours(group_id, requester_user_id, and_exists=True)
 
         res = yield self.store.get_group_role(group_id=group_id, role_id=role_id)
-        defer.returnValue(res)
+        return res
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def update_group_role(self, group_id, requester_user_id, role_id, content):
@@ -319,7 +317,7 @@ class GroupsServerHandler(object):
             group_id=group_id, role_id=role_id, is_public=is_public, profile=profile
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue({})
+        return {}
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def delete_group_role(self, group_id, requester_user_id, role_id):
@@ -331,7 +329,7 @@ class GroupsServerHandler(object):
 
         yield self.store.remove_group_role(group_id=group_id, role_id=role_id)
 
-        defer.returnValue({})
+        return {}
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def update_group_summary_user(
@@ -355,7 +353,7 @@ class GroupsServerHandler(object):
             is_public=is_public,
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue({})
+        return {}
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def delete_group_summary_user(self, group_id, requester_user_id, user_id, role_id):
@@ -369,7 +367,7 @@ class GroupsServerHandler(object):
             group_id=group_id, user_id=user_id, role_id=role_id
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue({})
+        return {}
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_group_profile(self, group_id, requester_user_id):
@@ -391,7 +389,7 @@ class GroupsServerHandler(object):
             group_description = {key: group[key] for key in cols}
             group_description["is_openly_joinable"] = group["join_policy"] == "open"
 
-            defer.returnValue(group_description)
+            return group_description
         else:
             raise SynapseError(404, "Unknown group")
 
@@ -461,9 +459,7 @@ class GroupsServerHandler(object):
 
         # TODO: If admin add lists of users whose attestations have timed out
 
-        defer.returnValue(
-            {"chunk": chunk, "total_user_count_estimate": len(user_results)}
-        )
+        return {"chunk": chunk, "total_user_count_estimate": len(user_results)}
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_invited_users_in_group(self, group_id, requester_user_id):
@@ -494,9 +490,7 @@ class GroupsServerHandler(object):
                 logger.warn("Error getting profile for %s: %s", user_id, e)
             user_profiles.append(user_profile)
 
-        defer.returnValue(
-            {"chunk": user_profiles, "total_user_count_estimate": len(invited_users)}
-        )
+        return {"chunk": user_profiles, "total_user_count_estimate": len(invited_users)}
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_rooms_in_group(self, group_id, requester_user_id):
@@ -533,9 +527,7 @@ class GroupsServerHandler(object):
 
         chunk.sort(key=lambda e: -e["num_joined_members"])
 
-        defer.returnValue(
-            {"chunk": chunk, "total_room_count_estimate": len(room_results)}
-        )
+        return {"chunk": chunk, "total_room_count_estimate": len(room_results)}
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def add_room_to_group(self, group_id, requester_user_id, room_id, content):
@@ -551,7 +543,7 @@ class GroupsServerHandler(object):
 
         yield self.store.add_room_to_group(group_id, room_id, is_public=is_public)
 
-        defer.returnValue({})
+        return {}
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def update_room_in_group(
@@ -574,7 +566,7 @@ class GroupsServerHandler(object):
         else:
             raise SynapseError(400, "Uknown config option")
 
-        defer.returnValue({})
+        return {}
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def remove_room_from_group(self, group_id, requester_user_id, room_id):
@@ -586,7 +578,7 @@ class GroupsServerHandler(object):
 
         yield self.store.remove_room_from_group(group_id, room_id)
 
-        defer.returnValue({})
+        return {}
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def invite_to_group(self, group_id, user_id, requester_user_id, content):
@@ -644,9 +636,9 @@ class GroupsServerHandler(object):
             )
         elif res["state"] == "invite":
             yield self.store.add_group_invite(group_id, user_id)
-            defer.returnValue({"state": "invite"})
+            return {"state": "invite"}
         elif res["state"] == "reject":
-            defer.returnValue({"state": "reject"})
+            return {"state": "reject"}
         else:
             raise SynapseError(502, "Unknown state returned by HS")
 
@@ -679,7 +671,7 @@ class GroupsServerHandler(object):
             remote_attestation=remote_attestation,
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue(local_attestation)
+        return local_attestation
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def accept_invite(self, group_id, requester_user_id, content):
@@ -699,7 +691,7 @@ class GroupsServerHandler(object):
 
         local_attestation = yield self._add_user(group_id, requester_user_id, content)
 
-        defer.returnValue({"state": "join", "attestation": local_attestation})
+        return {"state": "join", "attestation": local_attestation}
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def join_group(self, group_id, requester_user_id, content):
@@ -716,7 +708,7 @@ class GroupsServerHandler(object):
 
         local_attestation = yield self._add_user(group_id, requester_user_id, content)
 
-        defer.returnValue({"state": "join", "attestation": local_attestation})
+        return {"state": "join", "attestation": local_attestation}
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def knock(self, group_id, requester_user_id, content):
@@ -769,7 +761,7 @@ class GroupsServerHandler(object):
         if not self.hs.is_mine_id(user_id):
             yield self.store.maybe_delete_remote_profile_cache(user_id)
 
-        defer.returnValue({})
+        return {}
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def create_group(self, group_id, requester_user_id, content):
@@ -845,7 +837,7 @@ class GroupsServerHandler(object):
                 avatar_url=user_profile.get("avatar_url"),
             )
 
-        defer.returnValue({"group_id": group_id})
+        return {"group_id": group_id}
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def delete_group(self, group_id, requester_user_id):
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/account_data.py b/synapse/handlers/account_data.py
index e62e6cab77..8acd9f9a83 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/account_data.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/account_data.py
@@ -51,8 +51,8 @@ class AccountDataEventSource(object):
                     {"type": account_data_type, "content": content, "room_id": room_id}
                 )
 
-        defer.returnValue((results, current_stream_id))
+        return (results, current_stream_id)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_pagination_rows(self, user, config, key):
-        defer.returnValue(([], config.to_id))
+        return ([], config.to_id)
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/account_validity.py b/synapse/handlers/account_validity.py
index 1f1708ba7d..930204e2d0 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/account_validity.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/account_validity.py
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ class AccountValidityHandler(object):
             if threepid["medium"] == "email":
                 addresses.append(threepid["address"])
 
-        defer.returnValue(addresses)
+        return addresses
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _get_renewal_token(self, user_id):
@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ class AccountValidityHandler(object):
             try:
                 renewal_token = stringutils.random_string(32)
                 yield self.store.set_renewal_token_for_user(user_id, renewal_token)
-                defer.returnValue(renewal_token)
+                return renewal_token
             except StoreError:
                 attempts += 1
         raise StoreError(500, "Couldn't generate a unique string as refresh string.")
@@ -254,4 +254,4 @@ class AccountValidityHandler(object):
             user_id=user_id, expiration_ts=expiration_ts, email_sent=email_sent
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue(expiration_ts)
+        return expiration_ts
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/acme.py b/synapse/handlers/acme.py
index fbef2f3d38..46ac73106d 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/acme.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/acme.py
@@ -100,4 +100,4 @@ class AcmeHandler(object):
             logger.exception("Failed saving!")
             raise
 
-        defer.returnValue(True)
+        return True
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/admin.py b/synapse/handlers/admin.py
index e8a651e231..2f22f56ca4 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/admin.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/admin.py
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ class AdminHandler(BaseHandler):
             "devices": {"": {"sessions": [{"connections": connections}]}},
         }
 
-        defer.returnValue(ret)
+        return ret
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_users(self):
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ class AdminHandler(BaseHandler):
         """
         ret = yield self.store.get_users()
 
-        defer.returnValue(ret)
+        return ret
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_users_paginate(self, order, start, limit):
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ class AdminHandler(BaseHandler):
         """
         ret = yield self.store.get_users_paginate(order, start, limit)
 
-        defer.returnValue(ret)
+        return ret
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def search_users(self, term):
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ class AdminHandler(BaseHandler):
         """
         ret = yield self.store.search_users(term)
 
-        defer.returnValue(ret)
+        return ret
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def export_user_data(self, user_id, writer):
@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ class AdminHandler(BaseHandler):
                 state = yield self.store.get_state_for_event(event_id)
                 writer.write_state(room_id, event_id, state)
 
-        defer.returnValue(writer.finished())
+        return writer.finished()
 
 
 class ExfiltrationWriter(object):
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/appservice.py b/synapse/handlers/appservice.py
index 8f089f0e33..d1a51df6f9 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/appservice.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/appservice.py
@@ -167,8 +167,8 @@ class ApplicationServicesHandler(object):
         for user_service in user_query_services:
             is_known_user = yield self.appservice_api.query_user(user_service, user_id)
             if is_known_user:
-                defer.returnValue(True)
-        defer.returnValue(False)
+                return True
+        return False
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def query_room_alias_exists(self, room_alias):
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ class ApplicationServicesHandler(object):
             if is_known_alias:
                 # the alias exists now so don't query more ASes.
                 result = yield self.store.get_association_from_room_alias(room_alias)
-                defer.returnValue(result)
+                return result
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def query_3pe(self, kind, protocol, fields):
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ class ApplicationServicesHandler(object):
             if success:
                 ret.extend(result)
 
-        defer.returnValue(ret)
+        return ret
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_3pe_protocols(self, only_protocol=None):
@@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ class ApplicationServicesHandler(object):
         for p in protocols.keys():
             protocols[p] = _merge_instances(protocols[p])
 
-        defer.returnValue(protocols)
+        return protocols
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _get_services_for_event(self, event):
@@ -276,7 +276,7 @@ class ApplicationServicesHandler(object):
             if (yield s.is_interested(event, self.store)):
                 interested_list.append(s)
 
-        defer.returnValue(interested_list)
+        return interested_list
 
     def _get_services_for_user(self, user_id):
         services = self.store.get_app_services()
@@ -293,23 +293,23 @@ class ApplicationServicesHandler(object):
         if not self.is_mine_id(user_id):
             # we don't know if they are unknown or not since it isn't one of our
             # users. We can't poke ASes.
-            defer.returnValue(False)
+            return False
             return
 
         user_info = yield self.store.get_user_by_id(user_id)
         if user_info:
-            defer.returnValue(False)
+            return False
             return
 
         # user not found; could be the AS though, so check.
         services = self.store.get_app_services()
         service_list = [s for s in services if s.sender == user_id]
-        defer.returnValue(len(service_list) == 0)
+        return len(service_list) == 0
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _check_user_exists(self, user_id):
         unknown_user = yield self._is_unknown_user(user_id)
         if unknown_user:
             exists = yield self.query_user_exists(user_id)
-            defer.returnValue(exists)
-        defer.returnValue(True)
+            return exists
+        return True
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/auth.py b/synapse/handlers/auth.py
index d4d6574975..05be5b7c48 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/auth.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/auth.py
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
         if user_id != requester.user.to_string():
             raise AuthError(403, "Invalid auth")
 
-        defer.returnValue(params)
+        return params
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def check_auth(self, flows, clientdict, clientip, password_servlet=False):
@@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
                     creds,
                     list(clientdict),
                 )
-                defer.returnValue((creds, clientdict, session["id"]))
+                return (creds, clientdict, session["id"])
 
         ret = self._auth_dict_for_flows(flows, session)
         ret["completed"] = list(creds)
@@ -307,8 +307,8 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
         if result:
             creds[stagetype] = result
             self._save_session(sess)
-            defer.returnValue(True)
-        defer.returnValue(False)
+            return True
+        return False
 
     def get_session_id(self, clientdict):
         """
@@ -379,7 +379,7 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
             res = yield checker(
                 authdict, clientip=clientip, password_servlet=password_servlet
             )
-            defer.returnValue(res)
+            return res
 
         # build a v1-login-style dict out of the authdict and fall back to the
         # v1 code
@@ -389,7 +389,7 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
             raise SynapseError(400, "", Codes.MISSING_PARAM)
 
         (canonical_id, callback) = yield self.validate_login(user_id, authdict)
-        defer.returnValue(canonical_id)
+        return canonical_id
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _check_recaptcha(self, authdict, clientip, **kwargs):
@@ -433,7 +433,7 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
                 resp_body.get("hostname"),
             )
             if resp_body["success"]:
-                defer.returnValue(True)
+                return True
         raise LoginError(401, "", errcode=Codes.UNAUTHORIZED)
 
     def _check_email_identity(self, authdict, **kwargs):
@@ -502,7 +502,7 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
 
         threepid["threepid_creds"] = authdict["threepid_creds"]
 
-        defer.returnValue(threepid)
+        return threepid
 
     def _get_params_recaptcha(self):
         return {"public_key": self.hs.config.recaptcha_public_key}
@@ -606,7 +606,7 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
                 yield self.store.delete_access_token(access_token)
                 raise StoreError(400, "Login raced against device deletion")
 
-        defer.returnValue(access_token)
+        return access_token
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def check_user_exists(self, user_id):
@@ -629,8 +629,8 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
         self.ratelimit_login_per_account(user_id)
         res = yield self._find_user_id_and_pwd_hash(user_id)
         if res is not None:
-            defer.returnValue(res[0])
-        defer.returnValue(None)
+            return res[0]
+        return None
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _find_user_id_and_pwd_hash(self, user_id):
@@ -661,7 +661,7 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
                 user_id,
                 user_infos.keys(),
             )
-        defer.returnValue(result)
+        return result
 
     def get_supported_login_types(self):
         """Get a the login types supported for the /login API
@@ -722,7 +722,7 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
                 known_login_type = True
                 is_valid = yield provider.check_password(qualified_user_id, password)
                 if is_valid:
-                    defer.returnValue((qualified_user_id, None))
+                    return (qualified_user_id, None)
 
             if not hasattr(provider, "get_supported_login_types") or not hasattr(
                 provider, "check_auth"
@@ -756,7 +756,7 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
             if result:
                 if isinstance(result, str):
                     result = (result, None)
-                defer.returnValue(result)
+                return result
 
         if login_type == LoginType.PASSWORD and self.hs.config.password_localdb_enabled:
             known_login_type = True
@@ -766,7 +766,7 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
             )
 
             if canonical_user_id:
-                defer.returnValue((canonical_user_id, None))
+                return (canonical_user_id, None)
 
         if not known_login_type:
             raise SynapseError(400, "Unknown login type %s" % login_type)
@@ -814,9 +814,9 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
                     if isinstance(result, str):
                         # If it's a str, set callback function to None
                         result = (result, None)
-                    defer.returnValue(result)
+                    return result
 
-        defer.returnValue((None, None))
+        return (None, None)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _check_local_password(self, user_id, password):
@@ -838,7 +838,7 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
         """
         lookupres = yield self._find_user_id_and_pwd_hash(user_id)
         if not lookupres:
-            defer.returnValue(None)
+            return None
         (user_id, password_hash) = lookupres
 
         # If the password hash is None, the account has likely been deactivated
@@ -850,8 +850,8 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
         result = yield self.validate_hash(password, password_hash)
         if not result:
             logger.warn("Failed password login for user %s", user_id)
-            defer.returnValue(None)
-        defer.returnValue(user_id)
+            return None
+        return user_id
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def validate_short_term_login_token_and_get_user_id(self, login_token):
@@ -865,7 +865,7 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
             raise AuthError(403, "Invalid token", errcode=Codes.FORBIDDEN)
         self.ratelimit_login_per_account(user_id)
         yield self.auth.check_auth_blocking(user_id)
-        defer.returnValue(user_id)
+        return user_id
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def delete_access_token(self, access_token):
@@ -976,7 +976,7 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
         )
 
         yield self.store.user_delete_threepid(user_id, medium, address)
-        defer.returnValue(result)
+        return result
 
     def _save_session(self, session):
         # TODO: Persistent storage
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/deactivate_account.py b/synapse/handlers/deactivate_account.py
index e8f9da6098..5f804d1f13 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/deactivate_account.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/deactivate_account.py
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ class DeactivateAccountHandler(BaseHandler):
         # Mark the user as deactivated.
         yield self.store.set_user_deactivated_status(user_id, True)
 
-        defer.returnValue(identity_server_supports_unbinding)
+        return identity_server_supports_unbinding
 
     def _start_user_parting(self):
         """
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/device.py b/synapse/handlers/device.py
index 99e8413092..d6ab337783 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/device.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/device.py
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ class DeviceWorkerHandler(BaseHandler):
         for device in devices:
             _update_device_from_client_ips(device, ips)
 
-        defer.returnValue(devices)
+        return devices
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_device(self, user_id, device_id):
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ class DeviceWorkerHandler(BaseHandler):
             raise errors.NotFoundError
         ips = yield self.store.get_last_client_ip_by_device(user_id, device_id)
         _update_device_from_client_ips(device, ips)
-        defer.returnValue(device)
+        return device
 
     @measure_func("device.get_user_ids_changed")
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -200,9 +200,7 @@ class DeviceWorkerHandler(BaseHandler):
             possibly_joined = []
             possibly_left = []
 
-        defer.returnValue(
-            {"changed": list(possibly_joined), "left": list(possibly_left)}
-        )
+        return {"changed": list(possibly_joined), "left": list(possibly_left)}
 
 
 class DeviceHandler(DeviceWorkerHandler):
@@ -250,7 +248,7 @@ class DeviceHandler(DeviceWorkerHandler):
             )
             if new_device:
                 yield self.notify_device_update(user_id, [device_id])
-            defer.returnValue(device_id)
+            return device_id
 
         # if the device id is not specified, we'll autogen one, but loop a few
         # times in case of a clash.
@@ -264,7 +262,7 @@ class DeviceHandler(DeviceWorkerHandler):
             )
             if new_device:
                 yield self.notify_device_update(user_id, [device_id])
-                defer.returnValue(device_id)
+                return device_id
             attempts += 1
 
         raise errors.StoreError(500, "Couldn't generate a device ID.")
@@ -411,9 +409,7 @@ class DeviceHandler(DeviceWorkerHandler):
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_federation_query_user_devices(self, user_id):
         stream_id, devices = yield self.store.get_devices_with_keys_by_user(user_id)
-        defer.returnValue(
-            {"user_id": user_id, "stream_id": stream_id, "devices": devices}
-        )
+        return {"user_id": user_id, "stream_id": stream_id, "devices": devices}
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def user_left_room(self, user, room_id):
@@ -623,7 +619,7 @@ class DeviceListEduUpdater(object):
         for _, stream_id, prev_ids, _ in updates:
             if not prev_ids:
                 # We always do a resync if there are no previous IDs
-                defer.returnValue(True)
+                return True
 
             for prev_id in prev_ids:
                 if prev_id == extremity:
@@ -633,8 +629,8 @@ class DeviceListEduUpdater(object):
                 elif prev_id in stream_id_in_updates:
                     continue
                 else:
-                    defer.returnValue(True)
+                    return True
 
             stream_id_in_updates.add(stream_id)
 
-        defer.returnValue(False)
+        return False
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/directory.py b/synapse/handlers/directory.py
index 42d5b3db30..0fd423197c 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/directory.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/directory.py
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ class DirectoryHandler(BaseHandler):
         except AuthError as e:
             logger.info("Failed to update alias events: %s", e)
 
-        defer.returnValue(room_id)
+        return room_id
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def delete_appservice_association(self, service, room_alias):
@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ class DirectoryHandler(BaseHandler):
 
         room_id = yield self.store.delete_room_alias(room_alias)
 
-        defer.returnValue(room_id)
+        return room_id
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_association(self, room_alias):
@@ -277,7 +277,7 @@ class DirectoryHandler(BaseHandler):
         else:
             servers = list(servers)
 
-        defer.returnValue({"room_id": room_id, "servers": servers})
+        return {"room_id": room_id, "servers": servers}
         return
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -289,7 +289,7 @@ class DirectoryHandler(BaseHandler):
         result = yield self.get_association_from_room_alias(room_alias)
 
         if result is not None:
-            defer.returnValue({"room_id": result.room_id, "servers": result.servers})
+            return {"room_id": result.room_id, "servers": result.servers}
         else:
             raise SynapseError(
                 404,
@@ -342,7 +342,7 @@ class DirectoryHandler(BaseHandler):
             # Query AS to see if it exists
             as_handler = self.appservice_handler
             result = yield as_handler.query_room_alias_exists(room_alias)
-        defer.returnValue(result)
+        return result
 
     def can_modify_alias(self, alias, user_id=None):
         # Any application service "interested" in an alias they are regexing on
@@ -369,10 +369,10 @@ class DirectoryHandler(BaseHandler):
         creator = yield self.store.get_room_alias_creator(alias.to_string())
 
         if creator is not None and creator == user_id:
-            defer.returnValue(True)
+            return True
 
         is_admin = yield self.auth.is_server_admin(UserID.from_string(user_id))
-        defer.returnValue(is_admin)
+        return is_admin
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def edit_published_room_list(self, requester, room_id, visibility):
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/e2e_keys.py b/synapse/handlers/e2e_keys.py
index fdfe8611b6..1300b540e3 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/e2e_keys.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/e2e_keys.py
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ class E2eKeysHandler(object):
             )
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue({"device_keys": results, "failures": failures})
+        return {"device_keys": results, "failures": failures}
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def query_local_devices(self, query):
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ class E2eKeysHandler(object):
                     r["unsigned"]["device_display_name"] = display_name
                 result_dict[user_id][device_id] = r
 
-        defer.returnValue(result_dict)
+        return result_dict
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_federation_query_client_keys(self, query_body):
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ class E2eKeysHandler(object):
         """
         device_keys_query = query_body.get("device_keys", {})
         res = yield self.query_local_devices(device_keys_query)
-        defer.returnValue({"device_keys": res})
+        return {"device_keys": res}
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def claim_one_time_keys(self, query, timeout):
@@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ class E2eKeysHandler(object):
             ),
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue({"one_time_keys": json_result, "failures": failures})
+        return {"one_time_keys": json_result, "failures": failures}
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def upload_keys_for_user(self, user_id, device_id, keys):
@@ -297,7 +297,7 @@ class E2eKeysHandler(object):
 
         result = yield self.store.count_e2e_one_time_keys(user_id, device_id)
 
-        defer.returnValue({"one_time_key_counts": result})
+        return {"one_time_key_counts": result}
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _upload_one_time_keys_for_user(
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/e2e_room_keys.py b/synapse/handlers/e2e_room_keys.py
index ebd807bca6..41b871fc59 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/e2e_room_keys.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/e2e_room_keys.py
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ class E2eRoomKeysHandler(object):
                 user_id, version, room_id, session_id
             )
 
-            defer.returnValue(results)
+            return results
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def delete_room_keys(self, user_id, version, room_id=None, session_id=None):
@@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ class E2eRoomKeysHandler(object):
             new_version = yield self.store.create_e2e_room_keys_version(
                 user_id, version_info
             )
-            defer.returnValue(new_version)
+            return new_version
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_version_info(self, user_id, version=None):
@@ -292,7 +292,7 @@ class E2eRoomKeysHandler(object):
                     raise NotFoundError("Unknown backup version")
                 else:
                     raise
-            defer.returnValue(res)
+            return res
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def delete_version(self, user_id, version=None):
@@ -350,4 +350,4 @@ class E2eRoomKeysHandler(object):
                 user_id, version, version_info
             )
 
-            defer.returnValue({})
+            return {}
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/events.py b/synapse/handlers/events.py
index 6a38328af3..2f1f10a9af 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/events.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/events.py
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ class EventStreamHandler(BaseHandler):
                 "end": tokens[1].to_string(),
             }
 
-            defer.returnValue(chunk)
+            return chunk
 
 
 class EventHandler(BaseHandler):
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ class EventHandler(BaseHandler):
         event = yield self.store.get_event(event_id, check_room_id=room_id)
 
         if not event:
-            defer.returnValue(None)
+            return None
             return
 
         users = yield self.store.get_users_in_room(event.room_id)
@@ -179,4 +179,4 @@ class EventHandler(BaseHandler):
         if not filtered:
             raise AuthError(403, "You don't have permission to access that event.")
 
-        defer.returnValue(event)
+        return event
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/federation.py b/synapse/handlers/federation.py
index 57be968c67..2aa208a2b8 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/federation.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/federation.py
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
                 event_id,
                 origin,
             )
-            defer.returnValue(None)
+            return None
 
         state = None
         auth_chain = []
@@ -676,7 +676,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
         events = [e for e in events if e.event_id not in seen_events]
 
         if not events:
-            defer.returnValue([])
+            return []
 
         event_map = {e.event_id: e for e in events}
 
@@ -838,7 +838,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
             # TODO: We can probably do something more clever here.
             yield self._handle_new_event(dest, event, backfilled=True)
 
-        defer.returnValue(events)
+        return events
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def maybe_backfill(self, room_id, current_depth):
@@ -894,7 +894,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
         )
 
         if not filtered_extremities:
-            defer.returnValue(False)
+            return False
 
         # Check if we reached a point where we should start backfilling.
         sorted_extremeties_tuple = sorted(extremities.items(), key=lambda e: -int(e[1]))
@@ -965,7 +965,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
                     # If this succeeded then we probably already have the
                     # appropriate stuff.
                     # TODO: We can probably do something more intelligent here.
-                    defer.returnValue(True)
+                    return True
                 except SynapseError as e:
                     logger.info("Failed to backfill from %s because %s", dom, e)
                     continue
@@ -985,11 +985,11 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
                     logger.exception("Failed to backfill from %s because %s", dom, e)
                     continue
 
-            defer.returnValue(False)
+            return False
 
         success = yield try_backfill(likely_domains)
         if success:
-            defer.returnValue(True)
+            return True
 
         # Huh, well *those* domains didn't work out. Lets try some domains
         # from the time.
@@ -1031,11 +1031,11 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
                 [dom for dom, _ in likely_domains if dom not in tried_domains]
             )
             if success:
-                defer.returnValue(True)
+                return True
 
             tried_domains.update(dom for dom, _ in likely_domains)
 
-        defer.returnValue(False)
+        return False
 
     def _sanity_check_event(self, ev):
         """
@@ -1082,7 +1082,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
             pdu=event,
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue(pdu)
+        return pdu
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_event_auth(self, event_id):
@@ -1090,7 +1090,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
         auth = yield self.store.get_auth_chain(
             [auth_id for auth_id in event.auth_event_ids()], include_given=True
         )
-        defer.returnValue([e for e in auth])
+        return [e for e in auth]
 
     @log_function
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -1177,7 +1177,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
 
             run_in_background(self._handle_queued_pdus, room_queue)
 
-        defer.returnValue(True)
+        return True
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _handle_queued_pdus(self, room_queue):
@@ -1247,7 +1247,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
             room_version, event, context, do_sig_check=False
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue(event)
+        return event
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     @log_function
@@ -1308,7 +1308,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
 
         state = yield self.store.get_events(list(prev_state_ids.values()))
 
-        defer.returnValue({"state": list(state.values()), "auth_chain": auth_chain})
+        return {"state": list(state.values()), "auth_chain": auth_chain}
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_invite_request(self, origin, pdu):
@@ -1364,7 +1364,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
         context = yield self.state_handler.compute_event_context(event)
         yield self.persist_events_and_notify([(event, context)])
 
-        defer.returnValue(event)
+        return event
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def do_remotely_reject_invite(self, target_hosts, room_id, user_id):
@@ -1389,7 +1389,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
         context = yield self.state_handler.compute_event_context(event)
         yield self.persist_events_and_notify([(event, context)])
 
-        defer.returnValue(event)
+        return event
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _make_and_verify_event(
@@ -1407,7 +1407,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
         assert event.user_id == user_id
         assert event.state_key == user_id
         assert event.room_id == room_id
-        defer.returnValue((origin, event, format_ver))
+        return (origin, event, format_ver)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     @log_function
@@ -1451,7 +1451,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
             logger.warn("Failed to create new leave %r because %s", event, e)
             raise e
 
-        defer.returnValue(event)
+        return event
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     @log_function
@@ -1484,7 +1484,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
             event.signatures,
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue(None)
+        return None
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_state_for_pdu(self, room_id, event_id):
@@ -1512,9 +1512,9 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
                     del results[(event.type, event.state_key)]
 
             res = list(results.values())
-            defer.returnValue(res)
+            return res
         else:
-            defer.returnValue([])
+            return []
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_state_ids_for_pdu(self, room_id, event_id):
@@ -1539,9 +1539,9 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
                 else:
                     results.pop((event.type, event.state_key), None)
 
-            defer.returnValue(list(results.values()))
+            return list(results.values())
         else:
-            defer.returnValue([])
+            return []
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     @log_function
@@ -1554,7 +1554,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
 
         events = yield filter_events_for_server(self.store, origin, events)
 
-        defer.returnValue(events)
+        return events
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     @log_function
@@ -1584,9 +1584,9 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
 
             events = yield filter_events_for_server(self.store, origin, [event])
             event = events[0]
-            defer.returnValue(event)
+            return event
         else:
-            defer.returnValue(None)
+            return None
 
     def get_min_depth_for_context(self, context):
         return self.store.get_min_depth(context)
@@ -1618,7 +1618,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
                     self.store.remove_push_actions_from_staging, event.event_id
                 )
 
-        defer.returnValue(context)
+        return context
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _handle_new_events(self, origin, event_infos, backfilled=False):
@@ -1641,7 +1641,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
                     auth_events=ev_info.get("auth_events"),
                     backfilled=backfilled,
                 )
-            defer.returnValue(res)
+            return res
 
         contexts = yield make_deferred_yieldable(
             defer.gatherResults(
@@ -1800,7 +1800,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
         if event.type == EventTypes.GuestAccess and not context.rejected:
             yield self.maybe_kick_guest_users(event)
 
-        defer.returnValue(context)
+        return context
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _check_for_soft_fail(self, event, state, backfilled):
@@ -1919,7 +1919,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
 
         logger.debug("on_query_auth returning: %s", ret)
 
-        defer.returnValue(ret)
+        return ret
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_get_missing_events(
@@ -1942,7 +1942,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
             self.store, origin, missing_events
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue(missing_events)
+        return missing_events
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     @log_function
@@ -2418,16 +2418,14 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
 
         logger.debug("construct_auth_difference returning")
 
-        defer.returnValue(
-            {
-                "auth_chain": local_auth,
-                "rejects": {
-                    e.event_id: {"reason": reason_map[e.event_id], "proof": None}
-                    for e in base_remote_rejected
-                },
-                "missing": [e.event_id for e in missing_locals],
-            }
-        )
+        return {
+            "auth_chain": local_auth,
+            "rejects": {
+                e.event_id: {"reason": reason_map[e.event_id], "proof": None}
+                for e in base_remote_rejected
+            },
+            "missing": [e.event_id for e in missing_locals],
+        }
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     @log_function
@@ -2575,7 +2573,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
             builder=builder
         )
         EventValidator().validate_new(event)
-        defer.returnValue((event, context))
+        return (event, context)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _check_signature(self, event, context):
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/groups_local.py b/synapse/handlers/groups_local.py
index 7da63bb643..7b67c8ae0f 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/groups_local.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/groups_local.py
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ class GroupsLocalHandler(object):
 
         res.setdefault("user", {})["is_publicised"] = is_publicised
 
-        defer.returnValue(res)
+        return res
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def create_group(self, group_id, user_id, content):
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ class GroupsLocalHandler(object):
         )
         self.notifier.on_new_event("groups_key", token, users=[user_id])
 
-        defer.returnValue(res)
+        return res
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_users_in_group(self, group_id, requester_user_id):
@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ class GroupsLocalHandler(object):
             res = yield self.groups_server_handler.get_users_in_group(
                 group_id, requester_user_id
             )
-            defer.returnValue(res)
+            return res
 
         group_server_name = get_domain_from_id(group_id)
 
@@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ class GroupsLocalHandler(object):
 
         res["chunk"] = valid_entries
 
-        defer.returnValue(res)
+        return res
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def join_group(self, group_id, user_id, content):
@@ -285,7 +285,7 @@ class GroupsLocalHandler(object):
         )
         self.notifier.on_new_event("groups_key", token, users=[user_id])
 
-        defer.returnValue({})
+        return {}
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def accept_invite(self, group_id, user_id, content):
@@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ class GroupsLocalHandler(object):
         )
         self.notifier.on_new_event("groups_key", token, users=[user_id])
 
-        defer.returnValue({})
+        return {}
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def invite(self, group_id, user_id, requester_user_id, config):
@@ -346,7 +346,7 @@ class GroupsLocalHandler(object):
                 content,
             )
 
-        defer.returnValue(res)
+        return res
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_invite(self, group_id, user_id, content):
@@ -377,7 +377,7 @@ class GroupsLocalHandler(object):
             logger.warn("No profile for user %s: %s", user_id, e)
             user_profile = {}
 
-        defer.returnValue({"state": "invite", "user_profile": user_profile})
+        return {"state": "invite", "user_profile": user_profile}
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def remove_user_from_group(self, group_id, user_id, requester_user_id, content):
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ class GroupsLocalHandler(object):
                 content,
             )
 
-        defer.returnValue(res)
+        return res
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def user_removed_from_group(self, group_id, user_id, content):
@@ -421,7 +421,7 @@ class GroupsLocalHandler(object):
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_joined_groups(self, user_id):
         group_ids = yield self.store.get_joined_groups(user_id)
-        defer.returnValue({"groups": group_ids})
+        return {"groups": group_ids}
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_publicised_groups_for_user(self, user_id):
@@ -433,14 +433,14 @@ class GroupsLocalHandler(object):
             for app_service in self.store.get_app_services():
                 result.extend(app_service.get_groups_for_user(user_id))
 
-            defer.returnValue({"groups": result})
+            return {"groups": result}
         else:
             bulk_result = yield self.transport_client.bulk_get_publicised_groups(
                 get_domain_from_id(user_id), [user_id]
             )
             result = bulk_result.get("users", {}).get(user_id)
             # TODO: Verify attestations
-            defer.returnValue({"groups": result})
+            return {"groups": result}
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def bulk_get_publicised_groups(self, user_ids, proxy=True):
@@ -475,4 +475,4 @@ class GroupsLocalHandler(object):
             for app_service in self.store.get_app_services():
                 results[uid].extend(app_service.get_groups_for_user(uid))
 
-        defer.returnValue({"users": results})
+        return {"users": results}
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/identity.py b/synapse/handlers/identity.py
index 546d6169e9..d199521b58 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/identity.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/identity.py
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ class IdentityHandler(BaseHandler):
                 "%s is not a trusted ID server: rejecting 3pid " + "credentials",
                 id_server,
             )
-            defer.returnValue(None)
+            return None
 
         try:
             data = yield self.http_client.get_json(
@@ -95,8 +95,8 @@ class IdentityHandler(BaseHandler):
             raise e.to_synapse_error()
 
         if "medium" in data:
-            defer.returnValue(data)
-        defer.returnValue(None)
+            return data
+        return None
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def bind_threepid(self, creds, mxid):
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ class IdentityHandler(BaseHandler):
             )
         except CodeMessageException as e:
             data = json.loads(e.msg)  # XXX WAT?
-        defer.returnValue(data)
+        return data
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def try_unbind_threepid(self, mxid, threepid):
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ class IdentityHandler(BaseHandler):
 
         # We don't know where to unbind, so we don't have a choice but to return
         if not id_servers:
-            defer.returnValue(False)
+            return False
 
         changed = True
         for id_server in id_servers:
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ class IdentityHandler(BaseHandler):
                 mxid, threepid, id_server
             )
 
-        defer.returnValue(changed)
+        return changed
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def try_unbind_threepid_with_id_server(self, mxid, threepid, id_server):
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ class IdentityHandler(BaseHandler):
             id_server=id_server,
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue(changed)
+        return changed
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def requestEmailToken(
@@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ class IdentityHandler(BaseHandler):
                 % (id_server, "/_matrix/identity/api/v1/validate/email/requestToken"),
                 params,
             )
-            defer.returnValue(data)
+            return data
         except HttpResponseException as e:
             logger.info("Proxied requestToken failed: %r", e)
             raise e.to_synapse_error()
@@ -278,7 +278,7 @@ class IdentityHandler(BaseHandler):
                 % (id_server, "/_matrix/identity/api/v1/validate/msisdn/requestToken"),
                 params,
             )
-            defer.returnValue(data)
+            return data
         except HttpResponseException as e:
             logger.info("Proxied requestToken failed: %r", e)
             raise e.to_synapse_error()
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/initial_sync.py b/synapse/handlers/initial_sync.py
index 54c966c8a6..42d6650ed9 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/initial_sync.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/initial_sync.py
@@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ class InitialSyncHandler(BaseHandler):
             "end": now_token.to_string(),
         }
 
-        defer.returnValue(ret)
+        return ret
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def room_initial_sync(self, requester, room_id, pagin_config=None):
@@ -301,7 +301,7 @@ class InitialSyncHandler(BaseHandler):
 
         result["account_data"] = account_data_events
 
-        defer.returnValue(result)
+        return result
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _room_initial_sync_parted(
@@ -330,28 +330,24 @@ class InitialSyncHandler(BaseHandler):
 
         time_now = self.clock.time_msec()
 
-        defer.returnValue(
-            {
-                "membership": membership,
-                "room_id": room_id,
-                "messages": {
-                    "chunk": (
-                        yield self._event_serializer.serialize_events(
-                            messages, time_now
-                        )
-                    ),
-                    "start": start_token.to_string(),
-                    "end": end_token.to_string(),
-                },
-                "state": (
-                    yield self._event_serializer.serialize_events(
-                        room_state.values(), time_now
-                    )
+        return {
+            "membership": membership,
+            "room_id": room_id,
+            "messages": {
+                "chunk": (
+                    yield self._event_serializer.serialize_events(messages, time_now)
                 ),
-                "presence": [],
-                "receipts": [],
-            }
-        )
+                "start": start_token.to_string(),
+                "end": end_token.to_string(),
+            },
+            "state": (
+                yield self._event_serializer.serialize_events(
+                    room_state.values(), time_now
+                )
+            ),
+            "presence": [],
+            "receipts": [],
+        }
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _room_initial_sync_joined(
@@ -384,13 +380,13 @@ class InitialSyncHandler(BaseHandler):
         def get_presence():
             # If presence is disabled, return an empty list
             if not self.hs.config.use_presence:
-                defer.returnValue([])
+                return []
 
             states = yield presence_handler.get_states(
                 [m.user_id for m in room_members], as_event=True
             )
 
-            defer.returnValue(states)
+            return states
 
         @defer.inlineCallbacks
         def get_receipts():
@@ -399,7 +395,7 @@ class InitialSyncHandler(BaseHandler):
             )
             if not receipts:
                 receipts = []
-            defer.returnValue(receipts)
+            return receipts
 
         presence, receipts, (messages, token) = yield make_deferred_yieldable(
             defer.gatherResults(
@@ -442,7 +438,7 @@ class InitialSyncHandler(BaseHandler):
         if not is_peeking:
             ret["membership"] = membership
 
-        defer.returnValue(ret)
+        return ret
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _check_in_room_or_world_readable(self, room_id, user_id):
@@ -453,7 +449,7 @@ class InitialSyncHandler(BaseHandler):
             #  * The user is a guest user, and has joined the room
             # else it will throw.
             member_event = yield self.auth.check_user_was_in_room(room_id, user_id)
-            defer.returnValue((member_event.membership, member_event.event_id))
+            return (member_event.membership, member_event.event_id)
             return
         except AuthError:
             visibility = yield self.state_handler.get_current_state(
@@ -463,7 +459,7 @@ class InitialSyncHandler(BaseHandler):
                 visibility
                 and visibility.content["history_visibility"] == "world_readable"
             ):
-                defer.returnValue((Membership.JOIN, None))
+                return (Membership.JOIN, None)
                 return
             raise AuthError(
                 403, "Guest access not allowed", errcode=Codes.GUEST_ACCESS_FORBIDDEN
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/message.py b/synapse/handlers/message.py
index 6d7a987f13..8b27e23378 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/message.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/message.py
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ class MessageHandler(object):
             )
             data = room_state[membership_event_id].get(key)
 
-        defer.returnValue(data)
+        return data
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_state_events(
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ class MessageHandler(object):
             # events, as clients won't use them.
             bundle_aggregations=False,
         )
-        defer.returnValue(events)
+        return events
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_joined_members(self, requester, room_id):
@@ -213,15 +213,13 @@ class MessageHandler(object):
                 # Loop fell through, AS has no interested users in room
                 raise AuthError(403, "Appservice not in room")
 
-        defer.returnValue(
-            {
-                user_id: {
-                    "avatar_url": profile.avatar_url,
-                    "display_name": profile.display_name,
-                }
-                for user_id, profile in iteritems(users_with_profile)
+        return {
+            user_id: {
+                "avatar_url": profile.avatar_url,
+                "display_name": profile.display_name,
             }
-        )
+            for user_id, profile in iteritems(users_with_profile)
+        }
 
 
 class EventCreationHandler(object):
@@ -398,7 +396,7 @@ class EventCreationHandler(object):
 
         self.validator.validate_new(event)
 
-        defer.returnValue((event, context))
+        return (event, context)
 
     def _is_exempt_from_privacy_policy(self, builder, requester):
         """"Determine if an event to be sent is exempt from having to consent
@@ -425,9 +423,9 @@ class EventCreationHandler(object):
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _is_server_notices_room(self, room_id):
         if self.config.server_notices_mxid is None:
-            defer.returnValue(False)
+            return False
         user_ids = yield self.store.get_users_in_room(room_id)
-        defer.returnValue(self.config.server_notices_mxid in user_ids)
+        return self.config.server_notices_mxid in user_ids
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def assert_accepted_privacy_policy(self, requester):
@@ -507,7 +505,7 @@ class EventCreationHandler(object):
                     event.event_id,
                     prev_state.event_id,
                 )
-                defer.returnValue(prev_state)
+                return prev_state
 
         yield self.handle_new_client_event(
             requester=requester, event=event, context=context, ratelimit=ratelimit
@@ -531,7 +529,7 @@ class EventCreationHandler(object):
             prev_content = encode_canonical_json(prev_event.content)
             next_content = encode_canonical_json(event.content)
             if prev_content == next_content:
-                defer.returnValue(prev_event)
+                return prev_event
         return
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -563,7 +561,7 @@ class EventCreationHandler(object):
             yield self.send_nonmember_event(
                 requester, event, context, ratelimit=ratelimit
             )
-        defer.returnValue(event)
+        return event
 
     @measure_func("create_new_client_event")
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -626,7 +624,7 @@ class EventCreationHandler(object):
 
         logger.debug("Created event %s", event.event_id)
 
-        defer.returnValue((event, context))
+        return (event, context)
 
     @measure_func("handle_new_client_event")
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/pagination.py b/synapse/handlers/pagination.py
index 20bcfed334..d83aab3f74 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/pagination.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/pagination.py
@@ -242,13 +242,11 @@ class PaginationHandler(object):
             )
 
         if not events:
-            defer.returnValue(
-                {
-                    "chunk": [],
-                    "start": pagin_config.from_token.to_string(),
-                    "end": next_token.to_string(),
-                }
-            )
+            return {
+                "chunk": [],
+                "start": pagin_config.from_token.to_string(),
+                "end": next_token.to_string(),
+            }
 
         state = None
         if event_filter and event_filter.lazy_load_members() and len(events) > 0:
@@ -286,4 +284,4 @@ class PaginationHandler(object):
                 )
             )
 
-        defer.returnValue(chunk)
+        return chunk
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/presence.py b/synapse/handlers/presence.py
index 6f3537e435..ea54d0b991 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/presence.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/presence.py
@@ -461,7 +461,7 @@ class PresenceHandler(object):
                 if affect_presence:
                     run_in_background(_end)
 
-        defer.returnValue(_user_syncing())
+        return _user_syncing()
 
     def get_currently_syncing_users(self):
         """Get the set of user ids that are currently syncing on this HS.
@@ -556,7 +556,7 @@ class PresenceHandler(object):
         """Get the current presence state for a user.
         """
         res = yield self.current_state_for_users([user_id])
-        defer.returnValue(res[user_id])
+        return res[user_id]
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def current_state_for_users(self, user_ids):
@@ -585,7 +585,7 @@ class PresenceHandler(object):
                 states.update(new)
                 self.user_to_current_state.update(new)
 
-        defer.returnValue(states)
+        return states
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _persist_and_notify(self, states):
@@ -681,7 +681,7 @@ class PresenceHandler(object):
     def get_state(self, target_user, as_event=False):
         results = yield self.get_states([target_user.to_string()], as_event=as_event)
 
-        defer.returnValue(results[0])
+        return results[0]
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_states(self, target_user_ids, as_event=False):
@@ -703,17 +703,15 @@ class PresenceHandler(object):
 
         now = self.clock.time_msec()
         if as_event:
-            defer.returnValue(
-                [
-                    {
-                        "type": "m.presence",
-                        "content": format_user_presence_state(state, now),
-                    }
-                    for state in updates
-                ]
-            )
+            return [
+                {
+                    "type": "m.presence",
+                    "content": format_user_presence_state(state, now),
+                }
+                for state in updates
+            ]
         else:
-            defer.returnValue(updates)
+            return updates
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def set_state(self, target_user, state, ignore_status_msg=False):
@@ -757,9 +755,9 @@ class PresenceHandler(object):
         )
 
         if observer_room_ids & observed_room_ids:
-            defer.returnValue(True)
+            return True
 
-        defer.returnValue(False)
+        return False
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_all_presence_updates(self, last_id, current_id):
@@ -778,7 +776,7 @@ class PresenceHandler(object):
         # TODO(markjh): replicate the unpersisted changes.
         # This could use the in-memory stores for recent changes.
         rows = yield self.store.get_all_presence_updates(last_id, current_id)
-        defer.returnValue(rows)
+        return rows
 
     def notify_new_event(self):
         """Called when new events have happened. Handles users and servers
@@ -1034,7 +1032,7 @@ class PresenceEventSource(object):
                 #
                 # Hence this guard where we just return nothing so that the sync
                 # doesn't return. C.f. #5503.
-                defer.returnValue(([], max_token))
+                return ([], max_token)
 
             presence = self.get_presence_handler()
             stream_change_cache = self.store.presence_stream_cache
@@ -1068,17 +1066,11 @@ class PresenceEventSource(object):
             updates = yield presence.current_state_for_users(user_ids_changed)
 
         if include_offline:
-            defer.returnValue((list(updates.values()), max_token))
+            return (list(updates.values()), max_token)
         else:
-            defer.returnValue(
-                (
-                    [
-                        s
-                        for s in itervalues(updates)
-                        if s.state != PresenceState.OFFLINE
-                    ],
-                    max_token,
-                )
+            return (
+                [s for s in itervalues(updates) if s.state != PresenceState.OFFLINE],
+                max_token,
             )
 
     def get_current_key(self):
@@ -1107,7 +1099,7 @@ class PresenceEventSource(object):
             )
             users_interested_in.update(user_ids)
 
-        defer.returnValue(users_interested_in)
+        return users_interested_in
 
 
 def handle_timeouts(user_states, is_mine_fn, syncing_user_ids, now):
@@ -1287,7 +1279,7 @@ def get_interested_parties(store, states):
         # Always notify self
         users_to_states.setdefault(state.user_id, []).append(state)
 
-    defer.returnValue((room_ids_to_states, users_to_states))
+    return (room_ids_to_states, users_to_states)
 
 
 @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -1321,4 +1313,4 @@ def get_interested_remotes(store, states, state_handler):
         host = get_domain_from_id(user_id)
         hosts_and_states.append(([host], states))
 
-    defer.returnValue(hosts_and_states)
+    return hosts_and_states
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/profile.py b/synapse/handlers/profile.py
index a2388a7091..2cc237e6a5 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/profile.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/profile.py
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ class BaseProfileHandler(BaseHandler):
                     raise SynapseError(404, "Profile was not found", Codes.NOT_FOUND)
                 raise
 
-            defer.returnValue({"displayname": displayname, "avatar_url": avatar_url})
+            return {"displayname": displayname, "avatar_url": avatar_url}
         else:
             try:
                 result = yield self.federation.make_query(
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ class BaseProfileHandler(BaseHandler):
                     args={"user_id": user_id},
                     ignore_backoff=True,
                 )
-                defer.returnValue(result)
+                return result
             except RequestSendFailed as e:
                 raise_from(SynapseError(502, "Failed to fetch profile"), e)
             except HttpResponseException as e:
@@ -108,10 +108,10 @@ class BaseProfileHandler(BaseHandler):
                     raise SynapseError(404, "Profile was not found", Codes.NOT_FOUND)
                 raise
 
-            defer.returnValue({"displayname": displayname, "avatar_url": avatar_url})
+            return {"displayname": displayname, "avatar_url": avatar_url}
         else:
             profile = yield self.store.get_from_remote_profile_cache(user_id)
-            defer.returnValue(profile or {})
+            return profile or {}
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_displayname(self, target_user):
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ class BaseProfileHandler(BaseHandler):
                     raise SynapseError(404, "Profile was not found", Codes.NOT_FOUND)
                 raise
 
-            defer.returnValue(displayname)
+            return displayname
         else:
             try:
                 result = yield self.federation.make_query(
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ class BaseProfileHandler(BaseHandler):
             except HttpResponseException as e:
                 raise e.to_synapse_error()
 
-            defer.returnValue(result["displayname"])
+            return result["displayname"]
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def set_displayname(self, target_user, requester, new_displayname, by_admin=False):
@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ class BaseProfileHandler(BaseHandler):
                 if e.code == 404:
                     raise SynapseError(404, "Profile was not found", Codes.NOT_FOUND)
                 raise
-            defer.returnValue(avatar_url)
+            return avatar_url
         else:
             try:
                 result = yield self.federation.make_query(
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ class BaseProfileHandler(BaseHandler):
             except HttpResponseException as e:
                 raise e.to_synapse_error()
 
-            defer.returnValue(result["avatar_url"])
+            return result["avatar_url"]
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def set_avatar_url(self, target_user, requester, new_avatar_url, by_admin=False):
@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ class BaseProfileHandler(BaseHandler):
                 raise SynapseError(404, "Profile was not found", Codes.NOT_FOUND)
             raise
 
-        defer.returnValue(response)
+        return response
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _update_join_states(self, requester, target_user):
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/receipts.py b/synapse/handlers/receipts.py
index a85dd8cdee..218d60f0c3 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/receipts.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/receipts.py
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ class ReceiptsHandler(BaseHandler):
 
         if min_batch_id is None:
             # no new receipts
-            defer.returnValue(False)
+            return False
 
         affected_room_ids = list(set([r.room_id for r in receipts]))
 
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ class ReceiptsHandler(BaseHandler):
             min_batch_id, max_batch_id, affected_room_ids
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue(True)
+        return True
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def received_client_receipt(self, room_id, receipt_type, user_id, event_id):
@@ -124,9 +124,9 @@ class ReceiptsHandler(BaseHandler):
         )
 
         if not result:
-            defer.returnValue([])
+            return []
 
-        defer.returnValue(result)
+        return result
 
 
 class ReceiptEventSource(object):
@@ -139,13 +139,13 @@ class ReceiptEventSource(object):
         to_key = yield self.get_current_key()
 
         if from_key == to_key:
-            defer.returnValue(([], to_key))
+            return ([], to_key)
 
         events = yield self.store.get_linearized_receipts_for_rooms(
             room_ids, from_key=from_key, to_key=to_key
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue((events, to_key))
+        return (events, to_key)
 
     def get_current_key(self, direction="f"):
         return self.store.get_max_receipt_stream_id()
@@ -164,4 +164,4 @@ class ReceiptEventSource(object):
             room_ids, from_key=from_key, to_key=to_key
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue((events, to_key))
+        return (events, to_key)
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/register.py b/synapse/handlers/register.py
index bb7cfd71b9..4631fab94e 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/register.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/register.py
@@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ class RegistrationHandler(BaseHandler):
             # Bind email to new account
             yield self._register_email_threepid(user_id, threepid_dict, None, False)
 
-        defer.returnValue(user_id)
+        return user_id
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _auto_join_rooms(self, user_id):
@@ -360,7 +360,7 @@ class RegistrationHandler(BaseHandler):
             appservice_id=service_id,
             create_profile_with_displayname=user.localpart,
         )
-        defer.returnValue(user_id)
+        return user_id
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def check_recaptcha(self, ip, private_key, challenge, response):
@@ -461,7 +461,7 @@ class RegistrationHandler(BaseHandler):
 
         id = self._next_generated_user_id
         self._next_generated_user_id += 1
-        defer.returnValue(str(id))
+        return str(id)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _validate_captcha(self, ip_addr, private_key, challenge, response):
@@ -481,7 +481,7 @@ class RegistrationHandler(BaseHandler):
             "error_url": "http://www.recaptcha.net/recaptcha/api/challenge?"
             + "error=%s" % lines[1],
         }
-        defer.returnValue(json)
+        return json
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _submit_captcha(self, ip_addr, private_key, challenge, response):
@@ -497,7 +497,7 @@ class RegistrationHandler(BaseHandler):
                 "response": response,
             },
         )
-        defer.returnValue(data)
+        return data
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _join_user_to_room(self, requester, room_identifier):
@@ -622,7 +622,7 @@ class RegistrationHandler(BaseHandler):
                 initial_display_name=initial_display_name,
                 is_guest=is_guest,
             )
-            defer.returnValue((r["device_id"], r["access_token"]))
+            return (r["device_id"], r["access_token"])
 
         valid_until_ms = None
         if self.session_lifetime is not None:
@@ -645,7 +645,7 @@ class RegistrationHandler(BaseHandler):
                 user_id, device_id=device_id, valid_until_ms=valid_until_ms
             )
 
-        defer.returnValue((device_id, access_token))
+        return (device_id, access_token)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def post_registration_actions(
@@ -798,7 +798,7 @@ class RegistrationHandler(BaseHandler):
             if ex.errcode == Codes.MISSING_PARAM:
                 # This will only happen if the ID server returns a malformed response
                 logger.info("Can't add incomplete 3pid")
-                defer.returnValue(None)
+                return None
             raise
 
         yield self._auth_handler.add_threepid(
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/room.py b/synapse/handlers/room.py
index db3f8cb76b..5caa90c3b7 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/room.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/room.py
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ class RoomCreationHandler(BaseHandler):
             old_room_id,
             new_version,  # args for _upgrade_room
         )
-        defer.returnValue(ret)
+        return ret
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _upgrade_room(self, requester, old_room_id, new_version):
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ class RoomCreationHandler(BaseHandler):
             requester, old_room_id, new_room_id, old_room_state
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue(new_room_id)
+        return new_room_id
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _update_upgraded_room_pls(
@@ -671,7 +671,7 @@ class RoomCreationHandler(BaseHandler):
             result["room_alias"] = room_alias.to_string()
             yield directory_handler.send_room_alias_update_event(requester, room_id)
 
-        defer.returnValue(result)
+        return result
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _send_events_for_new_room(
@@ -796,7 +796,7 @@ class RoomCreationHandler(BaseHandler):
                     room_creator_user_id=creator_id,
                     is_public=is_public,
                 )
-                defer.returnValue(gen_room_id)
+                return gen_room_id
             except StoreError:
                 attempts += 1
         raise StoreError(500, "Couldn't generate a room ID.")
@@ -839,7 +839,7 @@ class RoomContextHandler(object):
             event_id, get_prev_content=True, allow_none=True
         )
         if not event:
-            defer.returnValue(None)
+            return None
             return
 
         filtered = yield (filter_evts([event]))
@@ -890,7 +890,7 @@ class RoomContextHandler(object):
 
         results["end"] = token.copy_and_replace("room_key", results["end"]).to_string()
 
-        defer.returnValue(results)
+        return results
 
 
 class RoomEventSource(object):
@@ -941,7 +941,7 @@ class RoomEventSource(object):
             else:
                 end_key = to_key
 
-        defer.returnValue((events, end_key))
+        return (events, end_key)
 
     def get_current_key(self):
         return self.store.get_room_events_max_id()
@@ -959,4 +959,4 @@ class RoomEventSource(object):
             limit=config.limit,
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue((events, next_key))
+        return (events, next_key)
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/room_list.py b/synapse/handlers/room_list.py
index aae696a7e8..e9094ad02b 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/room_list.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/room_list.py
@@ -325,7 +325,7 @@ class RoomListHandler(BaseHandler):
                     current_limit=since_token.current_limit - 1,
                 ).to_token()
 
-        defer.returnValue(results)
+        return results
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _append_room_entry_to_chunk(
@@ -420,7 +420,7 @@ class RoomListHandler(BaseHandler):
         if join_rules_event:
             join_rule = join_rules_event.content.get("join_rule", None)
             if not allow_private and join_rule and join_rule != JoinRules.PUBLIC:
-                defer.returnValue(None)
+                return None
 
         # Return whether this room is open to federation users or not
         create_event = current_state.get((EventTypes.Create, ""))
@@ -469,7 +469,7 @@ class RoomListHandler(BaseHandler):
             if avatar_url:
                 result["avatar_url"] = avatar_url
 
-        defer.returnValue(result)
+        return result
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_remote_public_room_list(
@@ -482,7 +482,7 @@ class RoomListHandler(BaseHandler):
         third_party_instance_id=None,
     ):
         if not self.enable_room_list_search:
-            defer.returnValue({"chunk": [], "total_room_count_estimate": 0})
+            return {"chunk": [], "total_room_count_estimate": 0}
 
         if search_filter:
             # We currently don't support searching across federation, so we have
@@ -507,7 +507,7 @@ class RoomListHandler(BaseHandler):
                 ]
             }
 
-        defer.returnValue(res)
+        return res
 
     def _get_remote_list_cached(
         self,
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/room_member.py b/synapse/handlers/room_member.py
index e0196ef83e..baea08ddd0 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/room_member.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/room_member.py
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ class RoomMemberHandler(object):
         )
         if duplicate is not None:
             # Discard the new event since this membership change is a no-op.
-            defer.returnValue(duplicate)
+            return duplicate
 
         yield self.event_creation_handler.handle_new_client_event(
             requester, event, context, extra_users=[target], ratelimit=ratelimit
@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ class RoomMemberHandler(object):
                 if prev_member_event.membership == Membership.JOIN:
                     yield self._user_left_room(target, room_id)
 
-        defer.returnValue(event)
+        return event
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def copy_room_tags_and_direct_to_room(self, old_room_id, new_room_id, user_id):
@@ -303,7 +303,7 @@ class RoomMemberHandler(object):
                 require_consent=require_consent,
             )
 
-        defer.returnValue(result)
+        return result
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _update_membership(
@@ -423,7 +423,7 @@ class RoomMemberHandler(object):
                 same_membership = old_membership == effective_membership_state
                 same_sender = requester.user.to_string() == old_state.sender
                 if same_sender and same_membership and same_content:
-                    defer.returnValue(old_state)
+                    return old_state
 
             if old_membership in ["ban", "leave"] and action == "kick":
                 raise AuthError(403, "The target user is not in the room")
@@ -473,7 +473,7 @@ class RoomMemberHandler(object):
                 ret = yield self._remote_join(
                     requester, remote_room_hosts, room_id, target, content
                 )
-                defer.returnValue(ret)
+                return ret
 
         elif effective_membership_state == Membership.LEAVE:
             if not is_host_in_room:
@@ -495,7 +495,7 @@ class RoomMemberHandler(object):
                     res = yield self._remote_reject_invite(
                         requester, remote_room_hosts, room_id, target
                     )
-                    defer.returnValue(res)
+                    return res
 
         res = yield self._local_membership_update(
             requester=requester,
@@ -508,7 +508,7 @@ class RoomMemberHandler(object):
             content=content,
             require_consent=require_consent,
         )
-        defer.returnValue(res)
+        return res
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def send_membership_event(
@@ -596,11 +596,11 @@ class RoomMemberHandler(object):
         """
         guest_access_id = current_state_ids.get((EventTypes.GuestAccess, ""), None)
         if not guest_access_id:
-            defer.returnValue(False)
+            return False
 
         guest_access = yield self.store.get_event(guest_access_id)
 
-        defer.returnValue(
+        return (
             guest_access
             and guest_access.content
             and "guest_access" in guest_access.content
@@ -635,7 +635,7 @@ class RoomMemberHandler(object):
             servers.remove(room_alias.domain)
         servers.insert(0, room_alias.domain)
 
-        defer.returnValue((RoomID.from_string(room_id), servers))
+        return (RoomID.from_string(room_id), servers)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _get_inviter(self, user_id, room_id):
@@ -643,7 +643,7 @@ class RoomMemberHandler(object):
             user_id=user_id, room_id=room_id
         )
         if invite:
-            defer.returnValue(UserID.from_string(invite.sender))
+            return UserID.from_string(invite.sender)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def do_3pid_invite(
@@ -708,11 +708,11 @@ class RoomMemberHandler(object):
                 if "signatures" not in data:
                     raise AuthError(401, "No signatures on 3pid binding")
                 yield self._verify_any_signature(data, id_server)
-                defer.returnValue(data["mxid"])
+                return data["mxid"]
 
         except IOError as e:
             logger.warn("Error from identity server lookup: %s" % (e,))
-            defer.returnValue(None)
+            return None
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _verify_any_signature(self, data, server_hostname):
@@ -904,7 +904,7 @@ class RoomMemberHandler(object):
         if not public_keys:
             public_keys.append(fallback_public_key)
         display_name = data["display_name"]
-        defer.returnValue((token, public_keys, fallback_public_key, display_name))
+        return (token, public_keys, fallback_public_key, display_name)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _is_host_in_room(self, current_state_ids):
@@ -913,7 +913,7 @@ class RoomMemberHandler(object):
         create_event_id = current_state_ids.get(("m.room.create", ""))
         if len(current_state_ids) == 1 and create_event_id:
             # We can only get here if we're in the process of creating the room
-            defer.returnValue(True)
+            return True
 
         for etype, state_key in current_state_ids:
             if etype != EventTypes.Member or not self.hs.is_mine_id(state_key):
@@ -925,16 +925,16 @@ class RoomMemberHandler(object):
                 continue
 
             if event.membership == Membership.JOIN:
-                defer.returnValue(True)
+                return True
 
-        defer.returnValue(False)
+        return False
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _is_server_notice_room(self, room_id):
         if self._server_notices_mxid is None:
-            defer.returnValue(False)
+            return False
         user_ids = yield self.store.get_users_in_room(room_id)
-        defer.returnValue(self._server_notices_mxid in user_ids)
+        return self._server_notices_mxid in user_ids
 
 
 class RoomMemberMasterHandler(RoomMemberHandler):
@@ -978,7 +978,7 @@ class RoomMemberMasterHandler(RoomMemberHandler):
             ret = yield fed_handler.do_remotely_reject_invite(
                 remote_room_hosts, room_id, target.to_string()
             )
-            defer.returnValue(ret)
+            return ret
         except Exception as e:
             # if we were unable to reject the exception, just mark
             # it as rejected on our end and plough ahead.
@@ -989,7 +989,7 @@ class RoomMemberMasterHandler(RoomMemberHandler):
             logger.warn("Failed to reject invite: %s", e)
 
             yield self.store.locally_reject_invite(target.to_string(), room_id)
-            defer.returnValue({})
+            return {}
 
     def _user_joined_room(self, target, room_id):
         """Implements RoomMemberHandler._user_joined_room
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/room_member_worker.py b/synapse/handlers/room_member_worker.py
index fc873a3ba6..75e96ae1a2 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/room_member_worker.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/room_member_worker.py
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ class RoomMemberWorkerHandler(RoomMemberHandler):
 
         yield self._user_joined_room(user, room_id)
 
-        defer.returnValue(ret)
+        return ret
 
     def _remote_reject_invite(self, requester, remote_room_hosts, room_id, target):
         """Implements RoomMemberHandler._remote_reject_invite
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/search.py b/synapse/handlers/search.py
index ddc4430d03..cd5e90bacb 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/search.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/search.py
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ class SearchHandler(BaseHandler):
             # Scan through the old room for further predecessors
             room_id = predecessor["room_id"]
 
-        defer.returnValue(historical_room_ids)
+        return historical_room_ids
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def search(self, user, content, batch=None):
@@ -186,13 +186,11 @@ class SearchHandler(BaseHandler):
             room_ids.intersection_update({batch_group_key})
 
         if not room_ids:
-            defer.returnValue(
-                {
-                    "search_categories": {
-                        "room_events": {"results": [], "count": 0, "highlights": []}
-                    }
+            return {
+                "search_categories": {
+                    "room_events": {"results": [], "count": 0, "highlights": []}
                 }
-            )
+            }
 
         rank_map = {}  # event_id -> rank of event
         allowed_events = []
@@ -455,4 +453,4 @@ class SearchHandler(BaseHandler):
         if global_next_batch:
             rooms_cat_res["next_batch"] = global_next_batch
 
-        defer.returnValue({"search_categories": {"room_events": rooms_cat_res}})
+        return {"search_categories": {"room_events": rooms_cat_res}}
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/state_deltas.py b/synapse/handlers/state_deltas.py
index 6b364befd5..f065970c40 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/state_deltas.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/state_deltas.py
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ class StateDeltasHandler(object):
 
         if not event and not prev_event:
             logger.debug("Neither event exists: %r %r", prev_event_id, event_id)
-            defer.returnValue(None)
+            return None
 
         prev_value = None
         value = None
@@ -62,8 +62,8 @@ class StateDeltasHandler(object):
         logger.debug("prev_value: %r -> value: %r", prev_value, value)
 
         if value == public_value and prev_value != public_value:
-            defer.returnValue(True)
+            return True
         elif value != public_value and prev_value == public_value:
-            defer.returnValue(False)
+            return False
         else:
-            defer.returnValue(None)
+            return None
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/stats.py b/synapse/handlers/stats.py
index a0ee8db988..4449da6669 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/stats.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/stats.py
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ class StatsHandler(StateDeltasHandler):
 
         # If still None then the initial background update hasn't happened yet
         if self.pos is None:
-            defer.returnValue(None)
+            return None
 
         # Loop round handling deltas until we're up to date
         while True:
@@ -328,6 +328,6 @@ class StatsHandler(StateDeltasHandler):
                 == "world_readable"
             )
         ):
-            defer.returnValue(True)
+            return True
         else:
-            defer.returnValue(False)
+            return False
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/sync.py b/synapse/handlers/sync.py
index cd1ac0a27a..4007284e5b 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/sync.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/sync.py
@@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
             timeout,
             full_state,
         )
-        defer.returnValue(res)
+        return res
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _wait_for_sync_for_user(self, sync_config, since_token, timeout, full_state):
@@ -303,7 +303,7 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
                 lazy_loaded = "false"
             non_empty_sync_counter.labels(sync_type, lazy_loaded).inc()
 
-        defer.returnValue(result)
+        return result
 
     def current_sync_for_user(self, sync_config, since_token=None, full_state=False):
         """Get the sync for client needed to match what the server has now.
@@ -317,7 +317,7 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
         user_id = user.to_string()
         rules = yield self.store.get_push_rules_for_user(user_id)
         rules = format_push_rules_for_user(user, rules)
-        defer.returnValue(rules)
+        return rules
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def ephemeral_by_room(self, sync_result_builder, now_token, since_token=None):
@@ -378,7 +378,7 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
                 event_copy = {k: v for (k, v) in iteritems(event) if k != "room_id"}
                 ephemeral_by_room.setdefault(room_id, []).append(event_copy)
 
-        defer.returnValue((now_token, ephemeral_by_room))
+        return (now_token, ephemeral_by_room)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _load_filtered_recents(
@@ -426,8 +426,8 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
                 recents = []
 
             if not limited or block_all_timeline:
-                defer.returnValue(
-                    TimelineBatch(events=recents, prev_batch=now_token, limited=False)
+                return TimelineBatch(
+                    events=recents, prev_batch=now_token, limited=False
                 )
 
             filtering_factor = 2
@@ -490,12 +490,10 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
 
             prev_batch_token = now_token.copy_and_replace("room_key", room_key)
 
-        defer.returnValue(
-            TimelineBatch(
-                events=recents,
-                prev_batch=prev_batch_token,
-                limited=limited or newly_joined_room,
-            )
+        return TimelineBatch(
+            events=recents,
+            prev_batch=prev_batch_token,
+            limited=limited or newly_joined_room,
         )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -517,7 +515,7 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
         if event.is_state():
             state_ids = state_ids.copy()
             state_ids[(event.type, event.state_key)] = event.event_id
-        defer.returnValue(state_ids)
+        return state_ids
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_state_at(self, room_id, stream_position, state_filter=StateFilter.all()):
@@ -549,7 +547,7 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
         else:
             # no events in this room - so presumably no state
             state = {}
-        defer.returnValue(state)
+        return state
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def compute_summary(self, room_id, sync_config, batch, state, now_token):
@@ -579,7 +577,7 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
         )
 
         if not last_events:
-            defer.returnValue(None)
+            return None
             return
 
         last_event = last_events[-1]
@@ -611,14 +609,14 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
         if name_id:
             name = yield self.store.get_event(name_id, allow_none=True)
             if name and name.content.get("name"):
-                defer.returnValue(summary)
+                return summary
 
         if canonical_alias_id:
             canonical_alias = yield self.store.get_event(
                 canonical_alias_id, allow_none=True
             )
             if canonical_alias and canonical_alias.content.get("alias"):
-                defer.returnValue(summary)
+                return summary
 
         me = sync_config.user.to_string()
 
@@ -652,7 +650,7 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
             summary["m.heroes"] = sorted([user_id for user_id in gone_user_ids])[0:5]
 
         if not sync_config.filter_collection.lazy_load_members():
-            defer.returnValue(summary)
+            return summary
 
         # ensure we send membership events for heroes if needed
         cache_key = (sync_config.user.to_string(), sync_config.device_id)
@@ -686,7 +684,7 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
             cache.set(s.state_key, s.event_id)
             state[(EventTypes.Member, s.state_key)] = s
 
-        defer.returnValue(summary)
+        return summary
 
     def get_lazy_loaded_members_cache(self, cache_key):
         cache = self.lazy_loaded_members_cache.get(cache_key)
@@ -871,14 +869,12 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
         if state_ids:
             state = yield self.store.get_events(list(state_ids.values()))
 
-        defer.returnValue(
-            {
-                (e.type, e.state_key): e
-                for e in sync_config.filter_collection.filter_room_state(
-                    list(state.values())
-                )
-            }
-        )
+        return {
+            (e.type, e.state_key): e
+            for e in sync_config.filter_collection.filter_room_state(
+                list(state.values())
+            )
+        }
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def unread_notifs_for_room_id(self, room_id, sync_config):
@@ -894,11 +890,11 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
                 notifs = yield self.store.get_unread_event_push_actions_by_room_for_user(
                     room_id, sync_config.user.to_string(), last_unread_event_id
                 )
-                defer.returnValue(notifs)
+                return notifs
 
         # There is no new information in this period, so your notification
         # count is whatever it was last time.
-        defer.returnValue(None)
+        return None
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def generate_sync_result(self, sync_config, since_token=None, full_state=False):
@@ -989,19 +985,17 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
                     "Sync result for newly joined room %s: %r", room_id, joined_room
                 )
 
-        defer.returnValue(
-            SyncResult(
-                presence=sync_result_builder.presence,
-                account_data=sync_result_builder.account_data,
-                joined=sync_result_builder.joined,
-                invited=sync_result_builder.invited,
-                archived=sync_result_builder.archived,
-                to_device=sync_result_builder.to_device,
-                device_lists=device_lists,
-                groups=sync_result_builder.groups,
-                device_one_time_keys_count=one_time_key_counts,
-                next_batch=sync_result_builder.now_token,
-            )
+        return SyncResult(
+            presence=sync_result_builder.presence,
+            account_data=sync_result_builder.account_data,
+            joined=sync_result_builder.joined,
+            invited=sync_result_builder.invited,
+            archived=sync_result_builder.archived,
+            to_device=sync_result_builder.to_device,
+            device_lists=device_lists,
+            groups=sync_result_builder.groups,
+            device_one_time_keys_count=one_time_key_counts,
+            next_batch=sync_result_builder.now_token,
         )
 
     @measure_func("_generate_sync_entry_for_groups")
@@ -1124,11 +1118,9 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
             # Remove any users that we still share a room with.
             newly_left_users -= users_who_share_room
 
-            defer.returnValue(
-                DeviceLists(changed=users_that_have_changed, left=newly_left_users)
-            )
+            return DeviceLists(changed=users_that_have_changed, left=newly_left_users)
         else:
-            defer.returnValue(DeviceLists(changed=[], left=[]))
+            return DeviceLists(changed=[], left=[])
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _generate_sync_entry_for_to_device(self, sync_result_builder):
@@ -1225,7 +1217,7 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
 
         sync_result_builder.account_data = account_data_for_user
 
-        defer.returnValue(account_data_by_room)
+        return account_data_by_room
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _generate_sync_entry_for_presence(
@@ -1325,7 +1317,7 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
                     )
                     if not tags_by_room:
                         logger.debug("no-oping sync")
-                        defer.returnValue(([], [], [], []))
+                        return ([], [], [], [])
 
         ignored_account_data = yield self.store.get_global_account_data_by_type_for_user(
             "m.ignored_user_list", user_id=user_id
@@ -1388,13 +1380,11 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
 
         newly_left_users -= newly_joined_or_invited_users
 
-        defer.returnValue(
-            (
-                newly_joined_rooms,
-                newly_joined_or_invited_users,
-                newly_left_rooms,
-                newly_left_users,
-            )
+        return (
+            newly_joined_rooms,
+            newly_joined_or_invited_users,
+            newly_left_rooms,
+            newly_left_users,
         )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -1414,13 +1404,13 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
         )
 
         if rooms_changed:
-            defer.returnValue(True)
+            return True
 
         stream_id = RoomStreamToken.parse_stream_token(since_token.room_key).stream
         for room_id in sync_result_builder.joined_room_ids:
             if self.store.has_room_changed_since(room_id, stream_id):
-                defer.returnValue(True)
-        defer.returnValue(False)
+                return True
+        return False
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _get_rooms_changed(self, sync_result_builder, ignored_users):
@@ -1637,7 +1627,7 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
                 )
             room_entries.append(entry)
 
-        defer.returnValue((room_entries, invited, newly_joined_rooms, newly_left_rooms))
+        return (room_entries, invited, newly_joined_rooms, newly_left_rooms)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _get_all_rooms(self, sync_result_builder, ignored_users):
@@ -1711,7 +1701,7 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
                     )
                 )
 
-        defer.returnValue((room_entries, invited, []))
+        return (room_entries, invited, [])
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _generate_room_entry(
@@ -1912,7 +1902,7 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
                 joined_room_ids.add(room_id)
 
         joined_room_ids = frozenset(joined_room_ids)
-        defer.returnValue(joined_room_ids)
+        return joined_room_ids
 
 
 def _action_has_highlight(actions):
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/typing.py b/synapse/handlers/typing.py
index c3e0c8fc7e..6b661aa93d 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/typing.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/typing.py
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ class TypingHandler(object):
 
         if was_present:
             # No point sending another notification
-            defer.returnValue(None)
+            return None
 
         self._push_update(member=member, typing=True)
 
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ class TypingHandler(object):
     def _stopped_typing(self, member):
         if member.user_id not in self._room_typing.get(member.room_id, set()):
             # No point
-            defer.returnValue(None)
+            return None
 
         self._member_typing_until.pop(member, None)
         self._member_last_federation_poke.pop(member, None)
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/user_directory.py b/synapse/handlers/user_directory.py
index 5de9630950..e53669e40d 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/user_directory.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/user_directory.py
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ class UserDirectoryHandler(StateDeltasHandler):
 
         # If still None then the initial background update hasn't happened yet
         if self.pos is None:
-            defer.returnValue(None)
+            return None
 
         # Loop round handling deltas until we're up to date
         while True:
diff --git a/synapse/http/client.py b/synapse/http/client.py
index 45d5010952..0ac20ebefc 100644
--- a/synapse/http/client.py
+++ b/synapse/http/client.py
@@ -294,7 +294,7 @@ class SimpleHttpClient(object):
             logger.info(
                 "Received response to %s %s: %s", method, redact_uri(uri), response.code
             )
-            defer.returnValue(response)
+            return response
         except Exception as e:
             incoming_responses_counter.labels(method, "ERR").inc()
             logger.info(
@@ -345,7 +345,7 @@ class SimpleHttpClient(object):
         body = yield make_deferred_yieldable(readBody(response))
 
         if 200 <= response.code < 300:
-            defer.returnValue(json.loads(body))
+            return json.loads(body)
         else:
             raise HttpResponseException(response.code, response.phrase, body)
 
@@ -385,7 +385,7 @@ class SimpleHttpClient(object):
         body = yield make_deferred_yieldable(readBody(response))
 
         if 200 <= response.code < 300:
-            defer.returnValue(json.loads(body))
+            return json.loads(body)
         else:
             raise HttpResponseException(response.code, response.phrase, body)
 
@@ -410,7 +410,7 @@ class SimpleHttpClient(object):
             ValueError: if the response was not JSON
         """
         body = yield self.get_raw(uri, args, headers=headers)
-        defer.returnValue(json.loads(body))
+        return json.loads(body)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def put_json(self, uri, json_body, args={}, headers=None):
@@ -453,7 +453,7 @@ class SimpleHttpClient(object):
         body = yield make_deferred_yieldable(readBody(response))
 
         if 200 <= response.code < 300:
-            defer.returnValue(json.loads(body))
+            return json.loads(body)
         else:
             raise HttpResponseException(response.code, response.phrase, body)
 
@@ -488,7 +488,7 @@ class SimpleHttpClient(object):
         body = yield make_deferred_yieldable(readBody(response))
 
         if 200 <= response.code < 300:
-            defer.returnValue(body)
+            return body
         else:
             raise HttpResponseException(response.code, response.phrase, body)
 
@@ -545,13 +545,11 @@ class SimpleHttpClient(object):
         except Exception as e:
             raise_from(SynapseError(502, ("Failed to download remote body: %s" % e)), e)
 
-        defer.returnValue(
-            (
-                length,
-                resp_headers,
-                response.request.absoluteURI.decode("ascii"),
-                response.code,
-            )
+        return (
+            length,
+            resp_headers,
+            response.request.absoluteURI.decode("ascii"),
+            response.code,
         )
 
 
@@ -627,10 +625,10 @@ class CaptchaServerHttpClient(SimpleHttpClient):
 
         try:
             body = yield make_deferred_yieldable(readBody(response))
-            defer.returnValue(body)
+            return body
         except PartialDownloadError as e:
             # twisted dislikes google's response, no content length.
-            defer.returnValue(e.response)
+            return e.response
 
 
 def encode_urlencode_args(args):
diff --git a/synapse/http/federation/matrix_federation_agent.py b/synapse/http/federation/matrix_federation_agent.py
index 054c321a20..c03ddb724f 100644
--- a/synapse/http/federation/matrix_federation_agent.py
+++ b/synapse/http/federation/matrix_federation_agent.py
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ class MatrixFederationAgent(object):
         res = yield make_deferred_yieldable(
             agent.request(method, uri, headers, bodyProducer)
         )
-        defer.returnValue(res)
+        return res
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _route_matrix_uri(self, parsed_uri, lookup_well_known=True):
@@ -205,24 +205,20 @@ class MatrixFederationAgent(object):
             port = parsed_uri.port
             if port == -1:
                 port = 8448
-            defer.returnValue(
-                _RoutingResult(
-                    host_header=parsed_uri.netloc,
-                    tls_server_name=parsed_uri.host,
-                    target_host=parsed_uri.host,
-                    target_port=port,
-                )
+            return _RoutingResult(
+                host_header=parsed_uri.netloc,
+                tls_server_name=parsed_uri.host,
+                target_host=parsed_uri.host,
+                target_port=port,
             )
 
         if parsed_uri.port != -1:
             # there is an explicit port
-            defer.returnValue(
-                _RoutingResult(
-                    host_header=parsed_uri.netloc,
-                    tls_server_name=parsed_uri.host,
-                    target_host=parsed_uri.host,
-                    target_port=parsed_uri.port,
-                )
+            return _RoutingResult(
+                host_header=parsed_uri.netloc,
+                tls_server_name=parsed_uri.host,
+                target_host=parsed_uri.host,
+                target_port=parsed_uri.port,
             )
 
         if lookup_well_known:
@@ -259,7 +255,7 @@ class MatrixFederationAgent(object):
                 )
 
                 res = yield self._route_matrix_uri(new_uri, lookup_well_known=False)
-                defer.returnValue(res)
+                return res
 
         # try a SRV lookup
         service_name = b"_matrix._tcp.%s" % (parsed_uri.host,)
@@ -283,13 +279,11 @@ class MatrixFederationAgent(object):
                 parsed_uri.host.decode("ascii"),
             )
 
-        defer.returnValue(
-            _RoutingResult(
-                host_header=parsed_uri.netloc,
-                tls_server_name=parsed_uri.host,
-                target_host=target_host,
-                target_port=port,
-            )
+        return _RoutingResult(
+            host_header=parsed_uri.netloc,
+            tls_server_name=parsed_uri.host,
+            target_host=target_host,
+            target_port=port,
         )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -314,7 +308,7 @@ class MatrixFederationAgent(object):
             if cache_period > 0:
                 self._well_known_cache.set(server_name, result, cache_period)
 
-        defer.returnValue(result)
+        return result
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _do_get_well_known(self, server_name):
@@ -354,7 +348,7 @@ class MatrixFederationAgent(object):
             # after startup
             cache_period = WELL_KNOWN_INVALID_CACHE_PERIOD
             cache_period += random.uniform(0, WELL_KNOWN_DEFAULT_CACHE_PERIOD_JITTER)
-            defer.returnValue((None, cache_period))
+            return (None, cache_period)
 
         result = parsed_body["m.server"].encode("ascii")
 
@@ -369,7 +363,7 @@ class MatrixFederationAgent(object):
         else:
             cache_period = min(cache_period, WELL_KNOWN_MAX_CACHE_PERIOD)
 
-        defer.returnValue((result, cache_period))
+        return (result, cache_period)
 
 
 @implementer(IStreamClientEndpoint)
diff --git a/synapse/http/federation/srv_resolver.py b/synapse/http/federation/srv_resolver.py
index ecc88f9b96..b32188766d 100644
--- a/synapse/http/federation/srv_resolver.py
+++ b/synapse/http/federation/srv_resolver.py
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ class SrvResolver(object):
         if cache_entry:
             if all(s.expires > now for s in cache_entry):
                 servers = list(cache_entry)
-                defer.returnValue(servers)
+                return servers
 
         try:
             answers, _, _ = yield make_deferred_yieldable(
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ class SrvResolver(object):
         except DNSNameError:
             # TODO: cache this. We can get the SOA out of the exception, and use
             # the negative-TTL value.
-            defer.returnValue([])
+            return []
         except DomainError as e:
             # We failed to resolve the name (other than a NameError)
             # Try something in the cache, else rereaise
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ class SrvResolver(object):
                 logger.warn(
                     "Failed to resolve %r, falling back to cache. %r", service_name, e
                 )
-                defer.returnValue(list(cache_entry))
+                return list(cache_entry)
             else:
                 raise e
 
@@ -169,4 +169,4 @@ class SrvResolver(object):
             )
 
         self._cache[service_name] = list(servers)
-        defer.returnValue(servers)
+        return servers
diff --git a/synapse/http/matrixfederationclient.py b/synapse/http/matrixfederationclient.py
index e60334547e..d07d356464 100644
--- a/synapse/http/matrixfederationclient.py
+++ b/synapse/http/matrixfederationclient.py
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ def _handle_json_response(reactor, timeout_sec, request, response):
         response.code,
         response.phrase.decode("ascii", errors="replace"),
     )
-    defer.returnValue(body)
+    return body
 
 
 class MatrixFederationHttpClient(object):
@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ class MatrixFederationHttpClient(object):
 
             response = yield self._send_request(request, **send_request_args)
 
-        defer.returnValue(response)
+        return response
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _send_request(
@@ -520,7 +520,7 @@ class MatrixFederationHttpClient(object):
                         _flatten_response_never_received(e),
                     )
                     raise
-        defer.returnValue(response)
+        return response
 
     def build_auth_headers(
         self, destination, method, url_bytes, content=None, destination_is=None
@@ -644,7 +644,7 @@ class MatrixFederationHttpClient(object):
             self.reactor, self.default_timeout, request, response
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue(body)
+        return body
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def post_json(
@@ -713,7 +713,7 @@ class MatrixFederationHttpClient(object):
         body = yield _handle_json_response(
             self.reactor, _sec_timeout, request, response
         )
-        defer.returnValue(body)
+        return body
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_json(
@@ -778,7 +778,7 @@ class MatrixFederationHttpClient(object):
             self.reactor, self.default_timeout, request, response
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue(body)
+        return body
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def delete_json(
@@ -836,7 +836,7 @@ class MatrixFederationHttpClient(object):
         body = yield _handle_json_response(
             self.reactor, self.default_timeout, request, response
         )
-        defer.returnValue(body)
+        return body
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_file(
@@ -902,7 +902,7 @@ class MatrixFederationHttpClient(object):
             response.phrase.decode("ascii", errors="replace"),
             length,
         )
-        defer.returnValue((length, headers))
+        return (length, headers)
 
 
 class _ReadBodyToFileProtocol(protocol.Protocol):
diff --git a/synapse/logging/opentracing.py b/synapse/logging/opentracing.py
index 96a4714d82..fb338ca223 100644
--- a/synapse/logging/opentracing.py
+++ b/synapse/logging/opentracing.py
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ the function becomes the operation name for the span.
        # We start
        yield we_wait
        # we finish
-       defer.returnValue(something_usual_and_useful)
+       return something_usual_and_useful
 
 Operation names can be explicitly set for functions by using
 ``trace_using_operation_name`` and
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ Operation names can be explicitly set for functions by using
        # We start
        yield we_wait
        # we finish
-       defer.returnValue(something_usual_and_useful)
+       return something_usual_and_useful
 
 Contexts and carriers
 ---------------------
@@ -694,7 +694,7 @@ def trace_servlet(servlet_name, func):
             },
         ):
             result = yield defer.maybeDeferred(func, request, *args, **kwargs)
-            defer.returnValue(result)
+            return result
 
     return _trace_servlet_inner
 
diff --git a/synapse/module_api/__init__.py b/synapse/module_api/__init__.py
index 7bb020cb45..41147d4292 100644
--- a/synapse/module_api/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/module_api/__init__.py
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ class ModuleApi(object):
         )
         user_id = yield self.register_user(localpart, displayname, emails)
         _, access_token = yield self.register_device(user_id)
-        defer.returnValue((user_id, access_token))
+        return (user_id, access_token)
 
     def register_user(self, localpart, displayname=None, emails=[]):
         """Registers a new user with given localpart and optional displayname, emails.
diff --git a/synapse/notifier.py b/synapse/notifier.py
index 918ef64897..bd80c801b6 100644
--- a/synapse/notifier.py
+++ b/synapse/notifier.py
@@ -365,7 +365,7 @@ class Notifier(object):
             current_token = user_stream.current_token
             result = yield callback(prev_token, current_token)
 
-        defer.returnValue(result)
+        return result
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_events_for(
@@ -400,7 +400,7 @@ class Notifier(object):
         @defer.inlineCallbacks
         def check_for_updates(before_token, after_token):
             if not after_token.is_after(before_token):
-                defer.returnValue(EventStreamResult([], (from_token, from_token)))
+                return EventStreamResult([], (from_token, from_token))
 
             events = []
             end_token = from_token
@@ -440,7 +440,7 @@ class Notifier(object):
                 events.extend(new_events)
                 end_token = end_token.copy_and_replace(keyname, new_key)
 
-            defer.returnValue(EventStreamResult(events, (from_token, end_token)))
+            return EventStreamResult(events, (from_token, end_token))
 
         user_id_for_stream = user.to_string()
         if is_peeking:
@@ -465,18 +465,18 @@ class Notifier(object):
             from_token=from_token,
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue(result)
+        return result
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _get_room_ids(self, user, explicit_room_id):
         joined_room_ids = yield self.store.get_rooms_for_user(user.to_string())
         if explicit_room_id:
             if explicit_room_id in joined_room_ids:
-                defer.returnValue(([explicit_room_id], True))
+                return ([explicit_room_id], True)
             if (yield self._is_world_readable(explicit_room_id)):
-                defer.returnValue(([explicit_room_id], False))
+                return ([explicit_room_id], False)
             raise AuthError(403, "Non-joined access not allowed")
-        defer.returnValue((joined_room_ids, True))
+        return (joined_room_ids, True)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _is_world_readable(self, room_id):
@@ -484,9 +484,9 @@ class Notifier(object):
             room_id, EventTypes.RoomHistoryVisibility, ""
         )
         if state and "history_visibility" in state.content:
-            defer.returnValue(state.content["history_visibility"] == "world_readable")
+            return state.content["history_visibility"] == "world_readable"
         else:
-            defer.returnValue(False)
+            return False
 
     @log_function
     def remove_expired_streams(self):
diff --git a/synapse/push/bulk_push_rule_evaluator.py b/synapse/push/bulk_push_rule_evaluator.py
index c8a5b381da..c831975635 100644
--- a/synapse/push/bulk_push_rule_evaluator.py
+++ b/synapse/push/bulk_push_rule_evaluator.py
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ class BulkPushRuleEvaluator(object):
                         invited
                     )
 
-        defer.returnValue(rules_by_user)
+        return rules_by_user
 
     @cached()
     def _get_rules_for_room(self, room_id):
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ class BulkPushRuleEvaluator(object):
 
         pl_event = auth_events.get(POWER_KEY)
 
-        defer.returnValue((pl_event.content if pl_event else {}, sender_level))
+        return (pl_event.content if pl_event else {}, sender_level)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def action_for_event_by_user(self, event, context):
@@ -283,13 +283,13 @@ class RulesForRoom(object):
         if state_group and self.state_group == state_group:
             logger.debug("Using cached rules for %r", self.room_id)
             self.room_push_rule_cache_metrics.inc_hits()
-            defer.returnValue(self.rules_by_user)
+            return self.rules_by_user
 
         with (yield self.linearizer.queue(())):
             if state_group and self.state_group == state_group:
                 logger.debug("Using cached rules for %r", self.room_id)
                 self.room_push_rule_cache_metrics.inc_hits()
-                defer.returnValue(self.rules_by_user)
+                return self.rules_by_user
 
             self.room_push_rule_cache_metrics.inc_misses()
 
@@ -366,7 +366,7 @@ class RulesForRoom(object):
             logger.debug(
                 "Returning push rules for %r %r", self.room_id, ret_rules_by_user.keys()
             )
-        defer.returnValue(ret_rules_by_user)
+        return ret_rules_by_user
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _update_rules_with_member_event_ids(
diff --git a/synapse/push/httppusher.py b/synapse/push/httppusher.py
index 4e7b6a5531..5b15b0dbe7 100644
--- a/synapse/push/httppusher.py
+++ b/synapse/push/httppusher.py
@@ -258,17 +258,17 @@ class HttpPusher(object):
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _process_one(self, push_action):
         if "notify" not in push_action["actions"]:
-            defer.returnValue(True)
+            return True
 
         tweaks = push_rule_evaluator.tweaks_for_actions(push_action["actions"])
         badge = yield push_tools.get_badge_count(self.hs.get_datastore(), self.user_id)
 
         event = yield self.store.get_event(push_action["event_id"], allow_none=True)
         if event is None:
-            defer.returnValue(True)  # It's been redacted
+            return True  # It's been redacted
         rejected = yield self.dispatch_push(event, tweaks, badge)
         if rejected is False:
-            defer.returnValue(False)
+            return False
 
         if isinstance(rejected, list) or isinstance(rejected, tuple):
             for pk in rejected:
@@ -282,7 +282,7 @@ class HttpPusher(object):
                 else:
                     logger.info("Pushkey %s was rejected: removing", pk)
                     yield self.hs.remove_pusher(self.app_id, pk, self.user_id)
-        defer.returnValue(True)
+        return True
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _build_notification_dict(self, event, tweaks, badge):
@@ -302,7 +302,7 @@ class HttpPusher(object):
                     ],
                 }
             }
-            defer.returnValue(d)
+            return d
 
         ctx = yield push_tools.get_context_for_event(
             self.store, self.state_handler, event, self.user_id
@@ -345,13 +345,13 @@ class HttpPusher(object):
         if "name" in ctx and len(ctx["name"]) > 0:
             d["notification"]["room_name"] = ctx["name"]
 
-        defer.returnValue(d)
+        return d
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def dispatch_push(self, event, tweaks, badge):
         notification_dict = yield self._build_notification_dict(event, tweaks, badge)
         if not notification_dict:
-            defer.returnValue([])
+            return []
         try:
             resp = yield self.http_client.post_json_get_json(
                 self.url, notification_dict
@@ -364,11 +364,11 @@ class HttpPusher(object):
                 type(e),
                 e,
             )
-            defer.returnValue(False)
+            return False
         rejected = []
         if "rejected" in resp:
             rejected = resp["rejected"]
-        defer.returnValue(rejected)
+        return rejected
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _send_badge(self, badge):
diff --git a/synapse/push/mailer.py b/synapse/push/mailer.py
index 521c6e2cd7..4245ce26f3 100644
--- a/synapse/push/mailer.py
+++ b/synapse/push/mailer.py
@@ -316,7 +316,7 @@ class Mailer(object):
                 if not merge:
                     room_vars["notifs"].append(notifvars)
 
-        defer.returnValue(room_vars)
+        return room_vars
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_notif_vars(self, notif, user_id, notif_event, room_state_ids):
@@ -343,7 +343,7 @@ class Mailer(object):
             if messagevars is not None:
                 ret["messages"].append(messagevars)
 
-        defer.returnValue(ret)
+        return ret
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_message_vars(self, notif, event, room_state_ids):
@@ -379,7 +379,7 @@ class Mailer(object):
         if "body" in event.content:
             ret["body_text_plain"] = event.content["body"]
 
-        defer.returnValue(ret)
+        return ret
 
     def add_text_message_vars(self, messagevars, event):
         msgformat = event.content.get("format")
@@ -428,19 +428,16 @@ class Mailer(object):
                 inviter_name = name_from_member_event(inviter_member_event)
 
                 if room_name is None:
-                    defer.returnValue(
-                        INVITE_FROM_PERSON
-                        % {"person": inviter_name, "app": self.app_name}
-                    )
+                    return INVITE_FROM_PERSON % {
+                        "person": inviter_name,
+                        "app": self.app_name,
+                    }
                 else:
-                    defer.returnValue(
-                        INVITE_FROM_PERSON_TO_ROOM
-                        % {
-                            "person": inviter_name,
-                            "room": room_name,
-                            "app": self.app_name,
-                        }
-                    )
+                    return INVITE_FROM_PERSON_TO_ROOM % {
+                        "person": inviter_name,
+                        "room": room_name,
+                        "app": self.app_name,
+                    }
 
             sender_name = None
             if len(notifs_by_room[room_id]) == 1:
@@ -454,26 +451,21 @@ class Mailer(object):
                     sender_name = name_from_member_event(state_event)
 
                 if sender_name is not None and room_name is not None:
-                    defer.returnValue(
-                        MESSAGE_FROM_PERSON_IN_ROOM
-                        % {
-                            "person": sender_name,
-                            "room": room_name,
-                            "app": self.app_name,
-                        }
-                    )
+                    return MESSAGE_FROM_PERSON_IN_ROOM % {
+                        "person": sender_name,
+                        "room": room_name,
+                        "app": self.app_name,
+                    }
                 elif sender_name is not None:
-                    defer.returnValue(
-                        MESSAGE_FROM_PERSON
-                        % {"person": sender_name, "app": self.app_name}
-                    )
+                    return MESSAGE_FROM_PERSON % {
+                        "person": sender_name,
+                        "app": self.app_name,
+                    }
             else:
                 # There's more than one notification for this room, so just
                 # say there are several
                 if room_name is not None:
-                    defer.returnValue(
-                        MESSAGES_IN_ROOM % {"room": room_name, "app": self.app_name}
-                    )
+                    return MESSAGES_IN_ROOM % {"room": room_name, "app": self.app_name}
                 else:
                     # If the room doesn't have a name, say who the messages
                     # are from explicitly to avoid, "messages in the Bob room"
@@ -493,24 +485,19 @@ class Mailer(object):
                         ]
                     )
 
-                    defer.returnValue(
-                        MESSAGES_FROM_PERSON
-                        % {
-                            "person": descriptor_from_member_events(
-                                member_events.values()
-                            ),
-                            "app": self.app_name,
-                        }
-                    )
+                    return MESSAGES_FROM_PERSON % {
+                        "person": descriptor_from_member_events(member_events.values()),
+                        "app": self.app_name,
+                    }
         else:
             # Stuff's happened in multiple different rooms
 
             # ...but we still refer to the 'reason' room which triggered the mail
             if reason["room_name"] is not None:
-                defer.returnValue(
-                    MESSAGES_IN_ROOM_AND_OTHERS
-                    % {"room": reason["room_name"], "app": self.app_name}
-                )
+                return MESSAGES_IN_ROOM_AND_OTHERS % {
+                    "room": reason["room_name"],
+                    "app": self.app_name,
+                }
             else:
                 # If the reason room doesn't have a name, say who the messages
                 # are from explicitly to avoid, "messages in the Bob room"
@@ -527,13 +514,10 @@ class Mailer(object):
                     [room_state_ids[room_id][("m.room.member", s)] for s in sender_ids]
                 )
 
-                defer.returnValue(
-                    MESSAGES_FROM_PERSON_AND_OTHERS
-                    % {
-                        "person": descriptor_from_member_events(member_events.values()),
-                        "app": self.app_name,
-                    }
-                )
+                return MESSAGES_FROM_PERSON_AND_OTHERS % {
+                    "person": descriptor_from_member_events(member_events.values()),
+                    "app": self.app_name,
+                }
 
     def make_room_link(self, room_id):
         if self.hs.config.email_riot_base_url:
diff --git a/synapse/push/presentable_names.py b/synapse/push/presentable_names.py
index 06056fbf4f..16a7e8e31d 100644
--- a/synapse/push/presentable_names.py
+++ b/synapse/push/presentable_names.py
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ def calculate_room_name(
             room_state_ids[("m.room.name", "")], allow_none=True
         )
         if m_room_name and m_room_name.content and m_room_name.content["name"]:
-            defer.returnValue(m_room_name.content["name"])
+            return m_room_name.content["name"]
 
     # does it have a canonical alias?
     if ("m.room.canonical_alias", "") in room_state_ids:
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ def calculate_room_name(
             and canon_alias.content["alias"]
             and _looks_like_an_alias(canon_alias.content["alias"])
         ):
-            defer.returnValue(canon_alias.content["alias"])
+            return canon_alias.content["alias"]
 
     # at this point we're going to need to search the state by all state keys
     # for an event type, so rearrange the data structure
@@ -82,10 +82,10 @@ def calculate_room_name(
             if alias_event and alias_event.content.get("aliases"):
                 the_aliases = alias_event.content["aliases"]
                 if len(the_aliases) > 0 and _looks_like_an_alias(the_aliases[0]):
-                    defer.returnValue(the_aliases[0])
+                    return the_aliases[0]
 
     if not fallback_to_members:
-        defer.returnValue(None)
+        return None
 
     my_member_event = None
     if ("m.room.member", user_id) in room_state_ids:
@@ -104,14 +104,13 @@ def calculate_room_name(
             )
             if inviter_member_event:
                 if fallback_to_single_member:
-                    defer.returnValue(
-                        "Invite from %s"
-                        % (name_from_member_event(inviter_member_event),)
+                    return "Invite from %s" % (
+                        name_from_member_event(inviter_member_event),
                     )
                 else:
                     return
         else:
-            defer.returnValue("Room Invite")
+            return "Room Invite"
 
     # we're going to have to generate a name based on who's in the room,
     # so find out who is in the room that isn't the user.
@@ -154,17 +153,17 @@ def calculate_room_name(
                         # return "Inviting %s" % (
                         #     descriptor_from_member_events(third_party_invites)
                         # )
-                        defer.returnValue("Inviting email address")
+                        return "Inviting email address"
                     else:
-                        defer.returnValue(ALL_ALONE)
+                        return ALL_ALONE
             else:
-                defer.returnValue(name_from_member_event(all_members[0]))
+                return name_from_member_event(all_members[0])
         else:
-            defer.returnValue(ALL_ALONE)
+            return ALL_ALONE
     elif len(other_members) == 1 and not fallback_to_single_member:
         return
     else:
-        defer.returnValue(descriptor_from_member_events(other_members))
+        return descriptor_from_member_events(other_members)
 
 
 def descriptor_from_member_events(member_events):
diff --git a/synapse/push/push_tools.py b/synapse/push/push_tools.py
index e37269cdb9..a54051a726 100644
--- a/synapse/push/push_tools.py
+++ b/synapse/push/push_tools.py
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ def get_badge_count(store, user_id):
             # return one badge count per conversation, as count per
             # message is so noisy as to be almost useless
             badge += 1 if notifs["notify_count"] else 0
-    defer.returnValue(badge)
+    return badge
 
 
 @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -61,4 +61,4 @@ def get_context_for_event(store, state_handler, ev, user_id):
     sender_state_event = yield store.get_event(sender_state_event_id)
     ctx["sender_display_name"] = name_from_member_event(sender_state_event)
 
-    defer.returnValue(ctx)
+    return ctx
diff --git a/synapse/push/pusherpool.py b/synapse/push/pusherpool.py
index df6f670740..08e840fdc2 100644
--- a/synapse/push/pusherpool.py
+++ b/synapse/push/pusherpool.py
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ class PusherPool:
         )
         pusher = yield self.start_pusher_by_id(app_id, pushkey, user_id)
 
-        defer.returnValue(pusher)
+        return pusher
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def remove_pushers_by_app_id_and_pushkey_not_user(
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ class PusherPool:
         if pusher_dict:
             pusher = yield self._start_pusher(pusher_dict)
 
-        defer.returnValue(pusher)
+        return pusher
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _start_pushers(self):
@@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ class PusherPool:
 
         p.on_started(have_notifs)
 
-        defer.returnValue(p)
+        return p
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def remove_pusher(self, app_id, pushkey, user_id):
diff --git a/synapse/replication/http/_base.py b/synapse/replication/http/_base.py
index fe482e279f..f5074b101a 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/http/_base.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/http/_base.py
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ class ReplicationEndpoint(object):
             except RequestSendFailed as e:
                 raise_from(SynapseError(502, "Failed to talk to master"), e)
 
-            defer.returnValue(result)
+            return result
 
         return send_request
 
diff --git a/synapse/replication/http/federation.py b/synapse/replication/http/federation.py
index 61eafbe708..fed4f08820 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/http/federation.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/http/federation.py
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ class ReplicationFederationSendEventsRestServlet(ReplicationEndpoint):
 
         payload = {"events": event_payloads, "backfilled": backfilled}
 
-        defer.returnValue(payload)
+        return payload
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _handle_request(self, request):
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ class ReplicationFederationSendEventsRestServlet(ReplicationEndpoint):
             event_and_contexts, backfilled
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, {}))
+        return (200, {})
 
 
 class ReplicationFederationSendEduRestServlet(ReplicationEndpoint):
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ class ReplicationFederationSendEduRestServlet(ReplicationEndpoint):
 
         result = yield self.registry.on_edu(edu_type, origin, edu_content)
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, result))
+        return (200, result)
 
 
 class ReplicationGetQueryRestServlet(ReplicationEndpoint):
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ class ReplicationGetQueryRestServlet(ReplicationEndpoint):
 
         result = yield self.registry.on_query(query_type, args)
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, result))
+        return (200, result)
 
 
 class ReplicationCleanRoomRestServlet(ReplicationEndpoint):
@@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ class ReplicationCleanRoomRestServlet(ReplicationEndpoint):
     def _handle_request(self, request, room_id):
         yield self.store.clean_room_for_join(room_id)
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, {}))
+        return (200, {})
 
 
 def register_servlets(hs, http_server):
diff --git a/synapse/replication/http/login.py b/synapse/replication/http/login.py
index 7c1197e5dd..f17d3a2da4 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/http/login.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/http/login.py
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ class RegisterDeviceReplicationServlet(ReplicationEndpoint):
             user_id, device_id, initial_display_name, is_guest
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, {"device_id": device_id, "access_token": access_token}))
+        return (200, {"device_id": device_id, "access_token": access_token})
 
 
 def register_servlets(hs, http_server):
diff --git a/synapse/replication/http/membership.py b/synapse/replication/http/membership.py
index 2d9cbbaefc..4217335d88 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/http/membership.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/http/membership.py
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ class ReplicationRemoteJoinRestServlet(ReplicationEndpoint):
             remote_room_hosts, room_id, user_id, event_content
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, {}))
+        return (200, {})
 
 
 class ReplicationRemoteRejectInviteRestServlet(ReplicationEndpoint):
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ class ReplicationRemoteRejectInviteRestServlet(ReplicationEndpoint):
             yield self.store.locally_reject_invite(user_id, room_id)
             ret = {}
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, ret))
+        return (200, ret)
 
 
 class ReplicationUserJoinedLeftRoomRestServlet(ReplicationEndpoint):
diff --git a/synapse/replication/http/register.py b/synapse/replication/http/register.py
index 2bf2173895..3341320a87 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/http/register.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/http/register.py
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ class ReplicationRegisterServlet(ReplicationEndpoint):
             address=content["address"],
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, {}))
+        return (200, {})
 
 
 class ReplicationPostRegisterActionsServlet(ReplicationEndpoint):
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ class ReplicationPostRegisterActionsServlet(ReplicationEndpoint):
             bind_msisdn=bind_msisdn,
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, {}))
+        return (200, {})
 
 
 def register_servlets(hs, http_server):
diff --git a/synapse/replication/http/send_event.py b/synapse/replication/http/send_event.py
index 034763fe99..eff7bd7305 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/http/send_event.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/http/send_event.py
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ class ReplicationSendEventRestServlet(ReplicationEndpoint):
             "extra_users": [u.to_string() for u in extra_users],
         }
 
-        defer.returnValue(payload)
+        return payload
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _handle_request(self, request, event_id):
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ class ReplicationSendEventRestServlet(ReplicationEndpoint):
             requester, event, context, ratelimit=ratelimit, extra_users=extra_users
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, {}))
+        return (200, {})
 
 
 def register_servlets(hs, http_server):
diff --git a/synapse/replication/tcp/streams/_base.py b/synapse/replication/tcp/streams/_base.py
index 7ef67a5a73..c10b85d2ff 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/tcp/streams/_base.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/tcp/streams/_base.py
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ class Stream(object):
         updates, current_token = yield self.get_updates_since(self.last_token)
         self.last_token = current_token
 
-        defer.returnValue((updates, current_token))
+        return (updates, current_token)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_updates_since(self, from_token):
@@ -172,14 +172,14 @@ class Stream(object):
                 sent over the replication steam.
         """
         if from_token in ("NOW", "now"):
-            defer.returnValue(([], self.upto_token))
+            return ([], self.upto_token)
 
         current_token = self.upto_token
 
         from_token = int(from_token)
 
         if from_token == current_token:
-            defer.returnValue(([], current_token))
+            return ([], current_token)
 
         if self._LIMITED:
             rows = yield self.update_function(
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ class Stream(object):
         if self._LIMITED and len(updates) >= MAX_EVENTS_BEHIND:
             raise Exception("stream %s has fallen behind" % (self.NAME))
 
-        defer.returnValue((updates, current_token))
+        return (updates, current_token)
 
     def current_token(self):
         """Gets the current token of the underlying streams. Should be provided
@@ -297,7 +297,7 @@ class PushRulesStream(Stream):
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def update_function(self, from_token, to_token, limit):
         rows = yield self.store.get_all_push_rule_updates(from_token, to_token, limit)
-        defer.returnValue([(row[0], row[2]) for row in rows])
+        return [(row[0], row[2]) for row in rows]
 
 
 class PushersStream(Stream):
@@ -424,7 +424,7 @@ class AccountDataStream(Stream):
             for stream_id, user_id, account_data_type, content in global_results
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue(results)
+        return results
 
 
 class GroupServerStream(Stream):
diff --git a/synapse/replication/tcp/streams/events.py b/synapse/replication/tcp/streams/events.py
index 3d0694bb11..d97669c886 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/tcp/streams/events.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/tcp/streams/events.py
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ class EventsStream(Stream):
 
         all_updates = heapq.merge(event_updates, state_updates)
 
-        defer.returnValue(all_updates)
+        return all_updates
 
     @classmethod
     def parse_row(cls, row):
diff --git a/synapse/rest/admin/__init__.py b/synapse/rest/admin/__init__.py
index 6888ae5590..0a7d9b81b2 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/admin/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/admin/__init__.py
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ class UsersRestServlet(RestServlet):
 
         ret = yield self.handlers.admin_handler.get_users()
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, ret))
+        return (200, ret)
 
 
 class VersionServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ class UserRegisterServlet(RestServlet):
         )
 
         result = yield register._create_registration_details(user_id, body)
-        defer.returnValue((200, result))
+        return (200, result)
 
 
 class WhoisRestServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ class WhoisRestServlet(RestServlet):
 
         ret = yield self.handlers.admin_handler.get_whois(target_user)
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, ret))
+        return (200, ret)
 
 
 class PurgeMediaCacheRestServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -271,7 +271,7 @@ class PurgeMediaCacheRestServlet(RestServlet):
 
         ret = yield self.media_repository.delete_old_remote_media(before_ts)
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, ret))
+        return (200, ret)
 
 
 class PurgeHistoryRestServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -356,7 +356,7 @@ class PurgeHistoryRestServlet(RestServlet):
             room_id, token, delete_local_events=delete_local_events
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, {"purge_id": purge_id}))
+        return (200, {"purge_id": purge_id})
 
 
 class PurgeHistoryStatusRestServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -381,7 +381,7 @@ class PurgeHistoryStatusRestServlet(RestServlet):
         if purge_status is None:
             raise NotFoundError("purge id '%s' not found" % purge_id)
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, purge_status.asdict()))
+        return (200, purge_status.asdict())
 
 
 class DeactivateAccountRestServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -413,7 +413,7 @@ class DeactivateAccountRestServlet(RestServlet):
         else:
             id_server_unbind_result = "no-support"
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, {"id_server_unbind_result": id_server_unbind_result}))
+        return (200, {"id_server_unbind_result": id_server_unbind_result})
 
 
 class ShutdownRoomRestServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -531,16 +531,14 @@ class ShutdownRoomRestServlet(RestServlet):
             room_id, new_room_id, requester_user_id
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue(
-            (
-                200,
-                {
-                    "kicked_users": kicked_users,
-                    "failed_to_kick_users": failed_to_kick_users,
-                    "local_aliases": aliases_for_room,
-                    "new_room_id": new_room_id,
-                },
-            )
+        return (
+            200,
+            {
+                "kicked_users": kicked_users,
+                "failed_to_kick_users": failed_to_kick_users,
+                "local_aliases": aliases_for_room,
+                "new_room_id": new_room_id,
+            },
         )
 
 
@@ -564,7 +562,7 @@ class QuarantineMediaInRoom(RestServlet):
             room_id, requester.user.to_string()
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, {"num_quarantined": num_quarantined}))
+        return (200, {"num_quarantined": num_quarantined})
 
 
 class ListMediaInRoom(RestServlet):
@@ -585,7 +583,7 @@ class ListMediaInRoom(RestServlet):
 
         local_mxcs, remote_mxcs = yield self.store.get_media_mxcs_in_room(room_id)
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, {"local": local_mxcs, "remote": remote_mxcs}))
+        return (200, {"local": local_mxcs, "remote": remote_mxcs})
 
 
 class ResetPasswordRestServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -629,7 +627,7 @@ class ResetPasswordRestServlet(RestServlet):
         yield self._set_password_handler.set_password(
             target_user_id, new_password, requester
         )
-        defer.returnValue((200, {}))
+        return (200, {})
 
 
 class GetUsersPaginatedRestServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -671,7 +669,7 @@ class GetUsersPaginatedRestServlet(RestServlet):
         logger.info("limit: %s, start: %s", limit, start)
 
         ret = yield self.handlers.admin_handler.get_users_paginate(order, start, limit)
-        defer.returnValue((200, ret))
+        return (200, ret)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_POST(self, request, target_user_id):
@@ -699,7 +697,7 @@ class GetUsersPaginatedRestServlet(RestServlet):
         logger.info("limit: %s, start: %s", limit, start)
 
         ret = yield self.handlers.admin_handler.get_users_paginate(order, start, limit)
-        defer.returnValue((200, ret))
+        return (200, ret)
 
 
 class SearchUsersRestServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -742,7 +740,7 @@ class SearchUsersRestServlet(RestServlet):
         logger.info("term: %s ", term)
 
         ret = yield self.handlers.admin_handler.search_users(term)
-        defer.returnValue((200, ret))
+        return (200, ret)
 
 
 class DeleteGroupAdminRestServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -765,7 +763,7 @@ class DeleteGroupAdminRestServlet(RestServlet):
             raise SynapseError(400, "Can only delete local groups")
 
         yield self.group_server.delete_group(group_id, requester.user.to_string())
-        defer.returnValue((200, {}))
+        return (200, {})
 
 
 class AccountValidityRenewServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -796,7 +794,7 @@ class AccountValidityRenewServlet(RestServlet):
         )
 
         res = {"expiration_ts": expiration_ts}
-        defer.returnValue((200, res))
+        return (200, res)
 
 
 ########################################################################################
diff --git a/synapse/rest/admin/server_notice_servlet.py b/synapse/rest/admin/server_notice_servlet.py
index ee66838a0d..90c0ee15dc 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/admin/server_notice_servlet.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/admin/server_notice_servlet.py
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ class SendServerNoticeServlet(RestServlet):
             event_content=body["content"],
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, {"event_id": event.event_id}))
+        return (200, {"event_id": event.event_id})
 
     def on_PUT(self, request, txn_id):
         return self.txns.fetch_or_execute_request(
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v1/directory.py b/synapse/rest/client/v1/directory.py
index 57542c2b4b..4284738021 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v1/directory.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v1/directory.py
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ class ClientDirectoryServer(RestServlet):
         dir_handler = self.handlers.directory_handler
         res = yield dir_handler.get_association(room_alias)
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, res))
+        return (200, res)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_PUT(self, request, room_alias):
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ class ClientDirectoryServer(RestServlet):
             requester, room_alias, room_id, servers
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, {}))
+        return (200, {})
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_DELETE(self, request, room_alias):
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ class ClientDirectoryServer(RestServlet):
                 service.url,
                 room_alias.to_string(),
             )
-            defer.returnValue((200, {}))
+            return (200, {})
         except InvalidClientCredentialsError:
             # fallback to default user behaviour if they aren't an AS
             pass
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ class ClientDirectoryServer(RestServlet):
             "User %s deleted alias %s", user.to_string(), room_alias.to_string()
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, {}))
+        return (200, {})
 
 
 class ClientDirectoryListServer(RestServlet):
@@ -136,9 +136,7 @@ class ClientDirectoryListServer(RestServlet):
         if room is None:
             raise NotFoundError("Unknown room")
 
-        defer.returnValue(
-            (200, {"visibility": "public" if room["is_public"] else "private"})
-        )
+        return (200, {"visibility": "public" if room["is_public"] else "private"})
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_PUT(self, request, room_id):
@@ -151,7 +149,7 @@ class ClientDirectoryListServer(RestServlet):
             requester, room_id, visibility
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, {}))
+        return (200, {})
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_DELETE(self, request, room_id):
@@ -161,7 +159,7 @@ class ClientDirectoryListServer(RestServlet):
             requester, room_id, "private"
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, {}))
+        return (200, {})
 
 
 class ClientAppserviceDirectoryListServer(RestServlet):
@@ -195,4 +193,4 @@ class ClientAppserviceDirectoryListServer(RestServlet):
             requester.app_service.id, network_id, room_id, visibility
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, {}))
+        return (200, {})
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v1/events.py b/synapse/rest/client/v1/events.py
index d6de2b7360..53ebed2203 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v1/events.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v1/events.py
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ class EventStreamRestServlet(RestServlet):
             is_guest=is_guest,
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, chunk))
+        return (200, chunk)
 
     def on_OPTIONS(self, request):
         return (200, {})
@@ -91,9 +91,9 @@ class EventRestServlet(RestServlet):
         time_now = self.clock.time_msec()
         if event:
             event = yield self._event_serializer.serialize_event(event, time_now)
-            defer.returnValue((200, event))
+            return (200, event)
         else:
-            defer.returnValue((404, "Event not found."))
+            return (404, "Event not found.")
 
 
 def register_servlets(hs, http_server):
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v1/initial_sync.py b/synapse/rest/client/v1/initial_sync.py
index 0fe5f2d79b..70b8478e90 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v1/initial_sync.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v1/initial_sync.py
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ class InitialSyncRestServlet(RestServlet):
             include_archived=include_archived,
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, content))
+        return (200, content)
 
 
 def register_servlets(hs, http_server):
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v1/login.py b/synapse/rest/client/v1/login.py
index 0d05945f0a..5762b9fd06 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v1/login.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v1/login.py
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ class LoginRestServlet(RestServlet):
         well_known_data = self._well_known_builder.get_well_known()
         if well_known_data:
             result["well_known"] = well_known_data
-        defer.returnValue((200, result))
+        return (200, result)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _do_other_login(self, login_submission):
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ class LoginRestServlet(RestServlet):
                 result = yield self._register_device_with_callback(
                     canonical_user_id, login_submission, callback_3pid
                 )
-                defer.returnValue(result)
+                return result
 
             # No password providers were able to handle this 3pid
             # Check local store
@@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ class LoginRestServlet(RestServlet):
         result = yield self._register_device_with_callback(
             canonical_user_id, login_submission, callback
         )
-        defer.returnValue(result)
+        return result
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _register_device_with_callback(self, user_id, login_submission, callback=None):
@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ class LoginRestServlet(RestServlet):
         if callback is not None:
             yield callback(result)
 
-        defer.returnValue(result)
+        return result
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def do_token_login(self, login_submission):
@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ class LoginRestServlet(RestServlet):
         )
 
         result = yield self._register_device_with_callback(user_id, login_submission)
-        defer.returnValue(result)
+        return result
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def do_jwt_login(self, login_submission):
@@ -321,7 +321,7 @@ class LoginRestServlet(RestServlet):
         result = yield self._register_device_with_callback(
             registered_user_id, login_submission
         )
-        defer.returnValue(result)
+        return result
 
 
 class BaseSSORedirectServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -395,7 +395,7 @@ class CasTicketServlet(RestServlet):
             # even if that's being used old-http style to signal end-of-data
             body = pde.response
         result = yield self.handle_cas_response(request, body, client_redirect_url)
-        defer.returnValue(result)
+        return result
 
     def handle_cas_response(self, request, cas_response_body, client_redirect_url):
         user, attributes = self.parse_cas_response(cas_response_body)
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v1/logout.py b/synapse/rest/client/v1/logout.py
index cd711be519..2769f3a189 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v1/logout.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v1/logout.py
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ class LogoutRestServlet(RestServlet):
                 requester.user.to_string(), requester.device_id
             )
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, {}))
+        return (200, {})
 
 
 class LogoutAllRestServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ class LogoutAllRestServlet(RestServlet):
         # .. and then delete any access tokens which weren't associated with
         # devices.
         yield self._auth_handler.delete_access_tokens_for_user(user_id)
-        defer.returnValue((200, {}))
+        return (200, {})
 
 
 def register_servlets(hs, http_server):
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v1/presence.py b/synapse/rest/client/v1/presence.py
index 3e87f0fdb3..1eb1068c98 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v1/presence.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v1/presence.py
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ class PresenceStatusRestServlet(RestServlet):
         state = yield self.presence_handler.get_state(target_user=user)
         state = format_user_presence_state(state, self.clock.time_msec())
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, state))
+        return (200, state)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_PUT(self, request, user_id):
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ class PresenceStatusRestServlet(RestServlet):
         if self.hs.config.use_presence:
             yield self.presence_handler.set_state(user, state)
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, {}))
+        return (200, {})
 
     def on_OPTIONS(self, request):
         return (200, {})
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v1/profile.py b/synapse/rest/client/v1/profile.py
index 4d8ab1f47e..2657ae45bb 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v1/profile.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v1/profile.py
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ class ProfileDisplaynameRestServlet(RestServlet):
         if displayname is not None:
             ret["displayname"] = displayname
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, ret))
+        return (200, ret)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_PUT(self, request, user_id):
@@ -61,11 +61,11 @@ class ProfileDisplaynameRestServlet(RestServlet):
         try:
             new_name = content["displayname"]
         except Exception:
-            defer.returnValue((400, "Unable to parse name"))
+            return (400, "Unable to parse name")
 
         yield self.profile_handler.set_displayname(user, requester, new_name, is_admin)
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, {}))
+        return (200, {})
 
     def on_OPTIONS(self, request, user_id):
         return (200, {})
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ class ProfileAvatarURLRestServlet(RestServlet):
         if avatar_url is not None:
             ret["avatar_url"] = avatar_url
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, ret))
+        return (200, ret)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_PUT(self, request, user_id):
@@ -110,11 +110,11 @@ class ProfileAvatarURLRestServlet(RestServlet):
         try:
             new_name = content["avatar_url"]
         except Exception:
-            defer.returnValue((400, "Unable to parse name"))
+            return (400, "Unable to parse name")
 
         yield self.profile_handler.set_avatar_url(user, requester, new_name, is_admin)
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, {}))
+        return (200, {})
 
     def on_OPTIONS(self, request, user_id):
         return (200, {})
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ class ProfileRestServlet(RestServlet):
         if avatar_url is not None:
             ret["avatar_url"] = avatar_url
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, ret))
+        return (200, ret)
 
 
 def register_servlets(hs, http_server):
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v1/push_rule.py b/synapse/rest/client/v1/push_rule.py
index e635efb420..c3ae8b98a8 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v1/push_rule.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v1/push_rule.py
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ class PushRuleRestServlet(RestServlet):
         if "attr" in spec:
             yield self.set_rule_attr(user_id, spec, content)
             self.notify_user(user_id)
-            defer.returnValue((200, {}))
+            return (200, {})
 
         if spec["rule_id"].startswith("."):
             # Rule ids starting with '.' are reserved for server default rules.
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ class PushRuleRestServlet(RestServlet):
         except RuleNotFoundException as e:
             raise SynapseError(400, str(e))
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, {}))
+        return (200, {})
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_DELETE(self, request, path):
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ class PushRuleRestServlet(RestServlet):
         try:
             yield self.store.delete_push_rule(user_id, namespaced_rule_id)
             self.notify_user(user_id)
-            defer.returnValue((200, {}))
+            return (200, {})
         except StoreError as e:
             if e.code == 404:
                 raise NotFoundError()
@@ -151,10 +151,10 @@ class PushRuleRestServlet(RestServlet):
             )
 
         if path[0] == "":
-            defer.returnValue((200, rules))
+            return (200, rules)
         elif path[0] == "global":
             result = _filter_ruleset_with_path(rules["global"], path[1:])
-            defer.returnValue((200, result))
+            return (200, result)
         else:
             raise UnrecognizedRequestError()
 
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v1/pusher.py b/synapse/rest/client/v1/pusher.py
index e9246018df..ebc3dec516 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v1/pusher.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v1/pusher.py
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ class PushersRestServlet(RestServlet):
                 if k not in allowed_keys:
                     del p[k]
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, {"pushers": pushers}))
+        return (200, {"pushers": pushers})
 
     def on_OPTIONS(self, _):
         return 200, {}
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ class PushersSetRestServlet(RestServlet):
             yield self.pusher_pool.remove_pusher(
                 content["app_id"], content["pushkey"], user_id=user.to_string()
             )
-            defer.returnValue((200, {}))
+            return (200, {})
 
         assert_params_in_dict(
             content,
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ class PushersSetRestServlet(RestServlet):
 
         self.notifier.on_new_replication_data()
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, {}))
+        return (200, {})
 
     def on_OPTIONS(self, _):
         return 200, {}
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ class PushersRemoveRestServlet(RestServlet):
         )
         request.write(PushersRemoveRestServlet.SUCCESS_HTML)
         finish_request(request)
-        defer.returnValue(None)
+        return None
 
     def on_OPTIONS(self, _):
         return 200, {}
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v1/room.py b/synapse/rest/client/v1/room.py
index 7709c2d705..012e7a44a6 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v1/room.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v1/room.py
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ class RoomCreateRestServlet(TransactionRestServlet):
             requester, self.get_room_config(request)
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, info))
+        return (200, info)
 
     def get_room_config(self, request):
         user_supplied_config = parse_json_object_from_request(request)
@@ -155,9 +155,9 @@ class RoomStateEventRestServlet(TransactionRestServlet):
 
         if format == "event":
             event = format_event_for_client_v2(data.get_dict())
-            defer.returnValue((200, event))
+            return (200, event)
         elif format == "content":
-            defer.returnValue((200, data.get_dict()["content"]))
+            return (200, data.get_dict()["content"])
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_PUT(self, request, room_id, event_type, state_key, txn_id=None):
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ class RoomStateEventRestServlet(TransactionRestServlet):
         ret = {}
         if event:
             ret = {"event_id": event.event_id}
-        defer.returnValue((200, ret))
+        return (200, ret)
 
 
 # TODO: Needs unit testing for generic events + feedback
@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ class RoomSendEventRestServlet(TransactionRestServlet):
             requester, event_dict, txn_id=txn_id
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, {"event_id": event.event_id}))
+        return (200, {"event_id": event.event_id})
 
     def on_GET(self, request, room_id, event_type, txn_id):
         return (200, "Not implemented")
@@ -289,7 +289,7 @@ class JoinRoomAliasServlet(TransactionRestServlet):
             third_party_signed=content.get("third_party_signed", None),
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, {"room_id": room_id}))
+        return (200, {"room_id": room_id})
 
     def on_PUT(self, request, room_identifier, txn_id):
         return self.txns.fetch_or_execute_request(
@@ -342,7 +342,7 @@ class PublicRoomListRestServlet(TransactionRestServlet):
                 limit=limit, since_token=since_token
             )
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, data))
+        return (200, data)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_POST(self, request):
@@ -387,7 +387,7 @@ class PublicRoomListRestServlet(TransactionRestServlet):
                 network_tuple=network_tuple,
             )
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, data))
+        return (200, data)
 
 
 # TODO: Needs unit testing
@@ -438,7 +438,7 @@ class RoomMemberListRestServlet(RestServlet):
                 continue
             chunk.append(event)
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, {"chunk": chunk}))
+        return (200, {"chunk": chunk})
 
 
 # deprecated in favour of /members?membership=join?
@@ -459,7 +459,7 @@ class JoinedRoomMemberListRestServlet(RestServlet):
             requester, room_id
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, {"joined": users_with_profile}))
+        return (200, {"joined": users_with_profile})
 
 
 # TODO: Needs better unit testing
@@ -492,7 +492,7 @@ class RoomMessageListRestServlet(RestServlet):
             event_filter=event_filter,
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, msgs))
+        return (200, msgs)
 
 
 # TODO: Needs unit testing
@@ -513,7 +513,7 @@ class RoomStateRestServlet(RestServlet):
             user_id=requester.user.to_string(),
             is_guest=requester.is_guest,
         )
-        defer.returnValue((200, events))
+        return (200, events)
 
 
 # TODO: Needs unit testing
@@ -532,7 +532,7 @@ class RoomInitialSyncRestServlet(RestServlet):
         content = yield self.initial_sync_handler.room_initial_sync(
             room_id=room_id, requester=requester, pagin_config=pagination_config
         )
-        defer.returnValue((200, content))
+        return (200, content)
 
 
 class RoomEventServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -555,9 +555,9 @@ class RoomEventServlet(RestServlet):
         time_now = self.clock.time_msec()
         if event:
             event = yield self._event_serializer.serialize_event(event, time_now)
-            defer.returnValue((200, event))
+            return (200, event)
         else:
-            defer.returnValue((404, "Event not found."))
+            return (404, "Event not found.")
 
 
 class RoomEventContextServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -607,7 +607,7 @@ class RoomEventContextServlet(RestServlet):
             results["state"], time_now
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, results))
+        return (200, results)
 
 
 class RoomForgetRestServlet(TransactionRestServlet):
@@ -626,7 +626,7 @@ class RoomForgetRestServlet(TransactionRestServlet):
 
         yield self.room_member_handler.forget(user=requester.user, room_id=room_id)
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, {}))
+        return (200, {})
 
     def on_PUT(self, request, room_id, txn_id):
         return self.txns.fetch_or_execute_request(
@@ -676,7 +676,7 @@ class RoomMembershipRestServlet(TransactionRestServlet):
                 requester,
                 txn_id,
             )
-            defer.returnValue((200, {}))
+            return (200, {})
             return
 
         target = requester.user
@@ -703,7 +703,7 @@ class RoomMembershipRestServlet(TransactionRestServlet):
         if membership_action == "join":
             return_value["room_id"] = room_id
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, return_value))
+        return (200, return_value)
 
     def _has_3pid_invite_keys(self, content):
         for key in {"id_server", "medium", "address"}:
@@ -745,7 +745,7 @@ class RoomRedactEventRestServlet(TransactionRestServlet):
             txn_id=txn_id,
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, {"event_id": event.event_id}))
+        return (200, {"event_id": event.event_id})
 
     def on_PUT(self, request, room_id, event_id, txn_id):
         return self.txns.fetch_or_execute_request(
@@ -790,7 +790,7 @@ class RoomTypingRestServlet(RestServlet):
                 target_user=target_user, auth_user=requester.user, room_id=room_id
             )
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, {}))
+        return (200, {})
 
 
 class SearchRestServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -812,7 +812,7 @@ class SearchRestServlet(RestServlet):
             requester.user, content, batch
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, results))
+        return (200, results)
 
 
 class JoinedRoomsRestServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -828,7 +828,7 @@ class JoinedRoomsRestServlet(RestServlet):
         requester = yield self.auth.get_user_by_req(request, allow_guest=True)
 
         room_ids = yield self.store.get_rooms_for_user(requester.user.to_string())
-        defer.returnValue((200, {"joined_rooms": list(room_ids)}))
+        return (200, {"joined_rooms": list(room_ids)})
 
 
 def register_txn_path(servlet, regex_string, http_server, with_get=False):
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v1/voip.py b/synapse/rest/client/v1/voip.py
index 41b3171ac8..497cddf8b8 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v1/voip.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v1/voip.py
@@ -60,18 +60,16 @@ class VoipRestServlet(RestServlet):
             password = turnPassword
 
         else:
-            defer.returnValue((200, {}))
-
-        defer.returnValue(
-            (
-                200,
-                {
-                    "username": username,
-                    "password": password,
-                    "ttl": userLifetime / 1000,
-                    "uris": turnUris,
-                },
-            )
+            return (200, {})
+
+        return (
+            200,
+            {
+                "username": username,
+                "password": password,
+                "ttl": userLifetime / 1000,
+                "uris": turnUris,
+            },
         )
 
     def on_OPTIONS(self, request):
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/account.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/account.py
index f143d8b85c..7ac456812a 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/account.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/account.py
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ class EmailPasswordRequestTokenRestServlet(RestServlet):
             # Wrap the session id in a JSON object
             ret = {"sid": sid}
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, ret))
+        return (200, ret)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def send_password_reset(self, email, client_secret, send_attempt, next_link=None):
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ class EmailPasswordRequestTokenRestServlet(RestServlet):
             # Check that the send_attempt is higher than previous attempts
             if send_attempt <= last_send_attempt:
                 # If not, just return a success without sending an email
-                defer.returnValue(session_id)
+                return session_id
         else:
             # An non-validated session does not exist yet.
             # Generate a session id
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ class EmailPasswordRequestTokenRestServlet(RestServlet):
             token_expires,
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue(session_id)
+        return session_id
 
 
 class MsisdnPasswordRequestTokenRestServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ class MsisdnPasswordRequestTokenRestServlet(RestServlet):
             raise SynapseError(400, "MSISDN not found", Codes.THREEPID_NOT_FOUND)
 
         ret = yield self.identity_handler.requestMsisdnToken(**body)
-        defer.returnValue((200, ret))
+        return (200, ret)
 
 
 class PasswordResetSubmitTokenServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -279,7 +279,7 @@ class PasswordResetSubmitTokenServlet(RestServlet):
                     request.setResponseCode(302)
                     request.setHeader("Location", next_link)
                     finish_request(request)
-                    defer.returnValue(None)
+                    return None
 
             # Otherwise show the success template
             html = self.config.email_password_reset_success_html_content
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ class PasswordResetSubmitTokenServlet(RestServlet):
 
         request.write(html.encode("utf-8"))
         finish_request(request)
-        defer.returnValue(None)
+        return None
 
     def load_jinja2_template(self, template_dir, template_filename, template_vars):
         """Loads a jinja2 template with variables to insert
@@ -330,7 +330,7 @@ class PasswordResetSubmitTokenServlet(RestServlet):
         )
         response_code = 200 if valid else 400
 
-        defer.returnValue((response_code, {"success": valid}))
+        return (response_code, {"success": valid})
 
 
 class PasswordRestServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -399,7 +399,7 @@ class PasswordRestServlet(RestServlet):
 
         yield self._set_password_handler.set_password(user_id, new_password, requester)
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, {}))
+        return (200, {})
 
     def on_OPTIONS(self, _):
         return 200, {}
@@ -434,7 +434,7 @@ class DeactivateAccountRestServlet(RestServlet):
             yield self._deactivate_account_handler.deactivate_account(
                 requester.user.to_string(), erase
             )
-            defer.returnValue((200, {}))
+            return (200, {})
 
         yield self.auth_handler.validate_user_via_ui_auth(
             requester, body, self.hs.get_ip_from_request(request)
@@ -447,7 +447,7 @@ class DeactivateAccountRestServlet(RestServlet):
         else:
             id_server_unbind_result = "no-support"
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, {"id_server_unbind_result": id_server_unbind_result}))
+        return (200, {"id_server_unbind_result": id_server_unbind_result})
 
 
 class EmailThreepidRequestTokenRestServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -481,7 +481,7 @@ class EmailThreepidRequestTokenRestServlet(RestServlet):
             raise SynapseError(400, "Email is already in use", Codes.THREEPID_IN_USE)
 
         ret = yield self.identity_handler.requestEmailToken(**body)
-        defer.returnValue((200, ret))
+        return (200, ret)
 
 
 class MsisdnThreepidRequestTokenRestServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -516,7 +516,7 @@ class MsisdnThreepidRequestTokenRestServlet(RestServlet):
             raise SynapseError(400, "MSISDN is already in use", Codes.THREEPID_IN_USE)
 
         ret = yield self.identity_handler.requestMsisdnToken(**body)
-        defer.returnValue((200, ret))
+        return (200, ret)
 
 
 class ThreepidRestServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -536,7 +536,7 @@ class ThreepidRestServlet(RestServlet):
 
         threepids = yield self.datastore.user_get_threepids(requester.user.to_string())
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, {"threepids": threepids}))
+        return (200, {"threepids": threepids})
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_POST(self, request):
@@ -568,7 +568,7 @@ class ThreepidRestServlet(RestServlet):
             logger.debug("Binding threepid %s to %s", threepid, user_id)
             yield self.identity_handler.bind_threepid(threePidCreds, user_id)
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, {}))
+        return (200, {})
 
 
 class ThreepidDeleteRestServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -603,7 +603,7 @@ class ThreepidDeleteRestServlet(RestServlet):
         else:
             id_server_unbind_result = "no-support"
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, {"id_server_unbind_result": id_server_unbind_result}))
+        return (200, {"id_server_unbind_result": id_server_unbind_result})
 
 
 class WhoamiRestServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -617,7 +617,7 @@ class WhoamiRestServlet(RestServlet):
     def on_GET(self, request):
         requester = yield self.auth.get_user_by_req(request)
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, {"user_id": requester.user.to_string()}))
+        return (200, {"user_id": requester.user.to_string()})
 
 
 def register_servlets(hs, http_server):
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/account_data.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/account_data.py
index f155c26259..98f2f6f4b5 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/account_data.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/account_data.py
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ class AccountDataServlet(RestServlet):
 
         self.notifier.on_new_event("account_data_key", max_id, users=[user_id])
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, {}))
+        return (200, {})
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_GET(self, request, user_id, account_data_type):
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ class AccountDataServlet(RestServlet):
         if event is None:
             raise NotFoundError("Account data not found")
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, event))
+        return (200, event)
 
 
 class RoomAccountDataServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ class RoomAccountDataServlet(RestServlet):
 
         self.notifier.on_new_event("account_data_key", max_id, users=[user_id])
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, {}))
+        return (200, {})
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_GET(self, request, user_id, room_id, account_data_type):
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ class RoomAccountDataServlet(RestServlet):
         if event is None:
             raise NotFoundError("Room account data not found")
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, event))
+        return (200, event)
 
 
 def register_servlets(hs, http_server):
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/account_validity.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/account_validity.py
index d29c10b83d..133c61900a 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/account_validity.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/account_validity.py
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ class AccountValidityRenewServlet(RestServlet):
         )
         request.write(AccountValidityRenewServlet.SUCCESS_HTML)
         finish_request(request)
-        defer.returnValue(None)
+        return None
 
 
 class AccountValiditySendMailServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ class AccountValiditySendMailServlet(RestServlet):
         user_id = requester.user.to_string()
         yield self.account_activity_handler.send_renewal_email_to_user(user_id)
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, {}))
+        return (200, {})
 
 
 def register_servlets(hs, http_server):
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/auth.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/auth.py
index bebc2951e7..f21aff39e5 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/auth.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/auth.py
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ class AuthRestServlet(RestServlet):
             request.write(html_bytes)
             finish_request(request)
 
-            defer.returnValue(None)
+            return None
         elif stagetype == LoginType.TERMS:
             if ("session" not in request.args or len(request.args["session"])) == 0:
                 raise SynapseError(400, "No session supplied")
@@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ class AuthRestServlet(RestServlet):
 
             request.write(html_bytes)
             finish_request(request)
-            defer.returnValue(None)
+            return None
         else:
             raise SynapseError(404, "Unknown auth stage type")
 
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/capabilities.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/capabilities.py
index fc7e2f4dd5..a4fa45fe11 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/capabilities.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/capabilities.py
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ class CapabilitiesRestServlet(RestServlet):
                 "m.change_password": {"enabled": change_password},
             }
         }
-        defer.returnValue((200, response))
+        return (200, response)
 
 
 def register_servlets(hs, http_server):
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/devices.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/devices.py
index d279229d74..9adf76cc0c 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/devices.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/devices.py
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ class DevicesRestServlet(RestServlet):
         devices = yield self.device_handler.get_devices_by_user(
             requester.user.to_string()
         )
-        defer.returnValue((200, {"devices": devices}))
+        return (200, {"devices": devices})
 
 
 class DeleteDevicesRestServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ class DeleteDevicesRestServlet(RestServlet):
         yield self.device_handler.delete_devices(
             requester.user.to_string(), body["devices"]
         )
-        defer.returnValue((200, {}))
+        return (200, {})
 
 
 class DeviceRestServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ class DeviceRestServlet(RestServlet):
         device = yield self.device_handler.get_device(
             requester.user.to_string(), device_id
         )
-        defer.returnValue((200, device))
+        return (200, device)
 
     @interactive_auth_handler
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ class DeviceRestServlet(RestServlet):
         )
 
         yield self.device_handler.delete_device(requester.user.to_string(), device_id)
-        defer.returnValue((200, {}))
+        return (200, {})
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_PUT(self, request, device_id):
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ class DeviceRestServlet(RestServlet):
         yield self.device_handler.update_device(
             requester.user.to_string(), device_id, body
         )
-        defer.returnValue((200, {}))
+        return (200, {})
 
 
 def register_servlets(hs, http_server):
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/filter.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/filter.py
index 3f0adf4a21..22be0ee3c5 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/filter.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/filter.py
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ class GetFilterRestServlet(RestServlet):
                 user_localpart=target_user.localpart, filter_id=filter_id
             )
 
-            defer.returnValue((200, filter.get_filter_json()))
+            return (200, filter.get_filter_json())
         except (KeyError, StoreError):
             raise SynapseError(400, "No such filter", errcode=Codes.NOT_FOUND)
 
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ class CreateFilterRestServlet(RestServlet):
             user_localpart=target_user.localpart, user_filter=content
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, {"filter_id": str(filter_id)}))
+        return (200, {"filter_id": str(filter_id)})
 
 
 def register_servlets(hs, http_server):
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/groups.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/groups.py
index a312dd2593..e629c4256d 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/groups.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/groups.py
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ class GroupServlet(RestServlet):
             group_id, requester_user_id
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, group_description))
+        return (200, group_description)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_POST(self, request, group_id):
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ class GroupServlet(RestServlet):
             group_id, requester_user_id, content
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, {}))
+        return (200, {})
 
 
 class GroupSummaryServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ class GroupSummaryServlet(RestServlet):
             group_id, requester_user_id
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, get_group_summary))
+        return (200, get_group_summary)
 
 
 class GroupSummaryRoomsCatServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ class GroupSummaryRoomsCatServlet(RestServlet):
             content=content,
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, resp))
+        return (200, resp)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_DELETE(self, request, group_id, category_id, room_id):
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ class GroupSummaryRoomsCatServlet(RestServlet):
             group_id, requester_user_id, room_id=room_id, category_id=category_id
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, resp))
+        return (200, resp)
 
 
 class GroupCategoryServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ class GroupCategoryServlet(RestServlet):
             group_id, requester_user_id, category_id=category_id
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, category))
+        return (200, category)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_PUT(self, request, group_id, category_id):
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ class GroupCategoryServlet(RestServlet):
             group_id, requester_user_id, category_id=category_id, content=content
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, resp))
+        return (200, resp)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_DELETE(self, request, group_id, category_id):
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ class GroupCategoryServlet(RestServlet):
             group_id, requester_user_id, category_id=category_id
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, resp))
+        return (200, resp)
 
 
 class GroupCategoriesServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ class GroupCategoriesServlet(RestServlet):
             group_id, requester_user_id
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, category))
+        return (200, category)
 
 
 class GroupRoleServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ class GroupRoleServlet(RestServlet):
             group_id, requester_user_id, role_id=role_id
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, category))
+        return (200, category)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_PUT(self, request, group_id, role_id):
@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ class GroupRoleServlet(RestServlet):
             group_id, requester_user_id, role_id=role_id, content=content
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, resp))
+        return (200, resp)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_DELETE(self, request, group_id, role_id):
@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ class GroupRoleServlet(RestServlet):
             group_id, requester_user_id, role_id=role_id
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, resp))
+        return (200, resp)
 
 
 class GroupRolesServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@ class GroupRolesServlet(RestServlet):
             group_id, requester_user_id
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, category))
+        return (200, category)
 
 
 class GroupSummaryUsersRoleServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ class GroupSummaryUsersRoleServlet(RestServlet):
             content=content,
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, resp))
+        return (200, resp)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_DELETE(self, request, group_id, role_id, user_id):
@@ -323,7 +323,7 @@ class GroupSummaryUsersRoleServlet(RestServlet):
             group_id, requester_user_id, user_id=user_id, role_id=role_id
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, resp))
+        return (200, resp)
 
 
 class GroupRoomServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -347,7 +347,7 @@ class GroupRoomServlet(RestServlet):
             group_id, requester_user_id
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, result))
+        return (200, result)
 
 
 class GroupUsersServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -371,7 +371,7 @@ class GroupUsersServlet(RestServlet):
             group_id, requester_user_id
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, result))
+        return (200, result)
 
 
 class GroupInvitedUsersServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -395,7 +395,7 @@ class GroupInvitedUsersServlet(RestServlet):
             group_id, requester_user_id
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, result))
+        return (200, result)
 
 
 class GroupSettingJoinPolicyServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -420,7 +420,7 @@ class GroupSettingJoinPolicyServlet(RestServlet):
             group_id, requester_user_id, content
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, result))
+        return (200, result)
 
 
 class GroupCreateServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ class GroupCreateServlet(RestServlet):
             group_id, requester_user_id, content
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, result))
+        return (200, result)
 
 
 class GroupAdminRoomsServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -477,7 +477,7 @@ class GroupAdminRoomsServlet(RestServlet):
             group_id, requester_user_id, room_id, content
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, result))
+        return (200, result)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_DELETE(self, request, group_id, room_id):
@@ -488,7 +488,7 @@ class GroupAdminRoomsServlet(RestServlet):
             group_id, requester_user_id, room_id
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, result))
+        return (200, result)
 
 
 class GroupAdminRoomsConfigServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -516,7 +516,7 @@ class GroupAdminRoomsConfigServlet(RestServlet):
             group_id, requester_user_id, room_id, config_key, content
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, result))
+        return (200, result)
 
 
 class GroupAdminUsersInviteServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -546,7 +546,7 @@ class GroupAdminUsersInviteServlet(RestServlet):
             group_id, user_id, requester_user_id, config
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, result))
+        return (200, result)
 
 
 class GroupAdminUsersKickServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -573,7 +573,7 @@ class GroupAdminUsersKickServlet(RestServlet):
             group_id, user_id, requester_user_id, content
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, result))
+        return (200, result)
 
 
 class GroupSelfLeaveServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -598,7 +598,7 @@ class GroupSelfLeaveServlet(RestServlet):
             group_id, requester_user_id, requester_user_id, content
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, result))
+        return (200, result)
 
 
 class GroupSelfJoinServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -623,7 +623,7 @@ class GroupSelfJoinServlet(RestServlet):
             group_id, requester_user_id, content
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, result))
+        return (200, result)
 
 
 class GroupSelfAcceptInviteServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -648,7 +648,7 @@ class GroupSelfAcceptInviteServlet(RestServlet):
             group_id, requester_user_id, content
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, result))
+        return (200, result)
 
 
 class GroupSelfUpdatePublicityServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -672,7 +672,7 @@ class GroupSelfUpdatePublicityServlet(RestServlet):
         publicise = content["publicise"]
         yield self.store.update_group_publicity(group_id, requester_user_id, publicise)
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, {}))
+        return (200, {})
 
 
 class PublicisedGroupsForUserServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -694,7 +694,7 @@ class PublicisedGroupsForUserServlet(RestServlet):
 
         result = yield self.groups_handler.get_publicised_groups_for_user(user_id)
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, result))
+        return (200, result)
 
 
 class PublicisedGroupsForUsersServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -719,7 +719,7 @@ class PublicisedGroupsForUsersServlet(RestServlet):
 
         result = yield self.groups_handler.bulk_get_publicised_groups(user_ids)
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, result))
+        return (200, result)
 
 
 class GroupsForUserServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -741,7 +741,7 @@ class GroupsForUserServlet(RestServlet):
 
         result = yield self.groups_handler.get_joined_groups(requester_user_id)
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, result))
+        return (200, result)
 
 
 def register_servlets(hs, http_server):
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/keys.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/keys.py
index 45c9928b65..6008adec7c 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/keys.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/keys.py
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ class KeyUploadServlet(RestServlet):
         result = yield self.e2e_keys_handler.upload_keys_for_user(
             user_id, device_id, body
         )
-        defer.returnValue((200, result))
+        return (200, result)
 
 
 class KeyQueryServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ class KeyQueryServlet(RestServlet):
         timeout = parse_integer(request, "timeout", 10 * 1000)
         body = parse_json_object_from_request(request)
         result = yield self.e2e_keys_handler.query_devices(body, timeout)
-        defer.returnValue((200, result))
+        return (200, result)
 
 
 class KeyChangesServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ class KeyChangesServlet(RestServlet):
 
         results = yield self.device_handler.get_user_ids_changed(user_id, from_token)
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, results))
+        return (200, results)
 
 
 class OneTimeKeyServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ class OneTimeKeyServlet(RestServlet):
         timeout = parse_integer(request, "timeout", 10 * 1000)
         body = parse_json_object_from_request(request)
         result = yield self.e2e_keys_handler.claim_one_time_keys(body, timeout)
-        defer.returnValue((200, result))
+        return (200, result)
 
 
 def register_servlets(hs, http_server):
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/notifications.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/notifications.py
index 728a52328f..d034863a3c 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/notifications.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/notifications.py
@@ -88,9 +88,7 @@ class NotificationsServlet(RestServlet):
             returned_push_actions.append(returned_pa)
             next_token = str(pa["stream_ordering"])
 
-        defer.returnValue(
-            (200, {"notifications": returned_push_actions, "next_token": next_token})
-        )
+        return (200, {"notifications": returned_push_actions, "next_token": next_token})
 
 
 def register_servlets(hs, http_server):
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/openid.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/openid.py
index b1b5385b09..b4925c0f59 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/openid.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/openid.py
@@ -83,16 +83,14 @@ class IdTokenServlet(RestServlet):
 
         yield self.store.insert_open_id_token(token, ts_valid_until_ms, user_id)
 
-        defer.returnValue(
-            (
-                200,
-                {
-                    "access_token": token,
-                    "token_type": "Bearer",
-                    "matrix_server_name": self.server_name,
-                    "expires_in": self.EXPIRES_MS / 1000,
-                },
-            )
+        return (
+            200,
+            {
+                "access_token": token,
+                "token_type": "Bearer",
+                "matrix_server_name": self.server_name,
+                "expires_in": self.EXPIRES_MS / 1000,
+            },
         )
 
 
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/read_marker.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/read_marker.py
index e75664279b..d93d6a9f24 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/read_marker.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/read_marker.py
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ class ReadMarkerRestServlet(RestServlet):
                 event_id=read_marker_event_id,
             )
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, {}))
+        return (200, {})
 
 
 def register_servlets(hs, http_server):
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/receipts.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/receipts.py
index 488905626a..98a97b7059 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/receipts.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/receipts.py
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ class ReceiptRestServlet(RestServlet):
             room_id, receipt_type, user_id=requester.user.to_string(), event_id=event_id
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, {}))
+        return (200, {})
 
 
 def register_servlets(hs, http_server):
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/register.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/register.py
index f327999e59..05ea1459e3 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/register.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/register.py
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ class EmailRegisterRequestTokenRestServlet(RestServlet):
             raise SynapseError(400, "Email is already in use", Codes.THREEPID_IN_USE)
 
         ret = yield self.identity_handler.requestEmailToken(**body)
-        defer.returnValue((200, ret))
+        return (200, ret)
 
 
 class MsisdnRegisterRequestTokenRestServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ class MsisdnRegisterRequestTokenRestServlet(RestServlet):
             )
 
         ret = yield self.identity_handler.requestMsisdnToken(**body)
-        defer.returnValue((200, ret))
+        return (200, ret)
 
 
 class UsernameAvailabilityRestServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ class UsernameAvailabilityRestServlet(RestServlet):
 
             yield self.registration_handler.check_username(username)
 
-            defer.returnValue((200, {"available": True}))
+            return (200, {"available": True})
 
 
 class RegisterRestServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ class RegisterRestServlet(RestServlet):
 
         if kind == b"guest":
             ret = yield self._do_guest_registration(body, address=client_addr)
-            defer.returnValue(ret)
+            return ret
             return
         elif kind != b"user":
             raise UnrecognizedRequestError(
@@ -282,7 +282,7 @@ class RegisterRestServlet(RestServlet):
                 result = yield self._do_appservice_registration(
                     desired_username, access_token, body
                 )
-            defer.returnValue((200, result))  # we throw for non 200 responses
+            return (200, result)  # we throw for non 200 responses
             return
 
         # for either shared secret or regular registration, downcase the
@@ -301,7 +301,7 @@ class RegisterRestServlet(RestServlet):
             result = yield self._do_shared_secret_registration(
                 desired_username, desired_password, body
             )
-            defer.returnValue((200, result))  # we throw for non 200 responses
+            return (200, result)  # we throw for non 200 responses
             return
 
         # == Normal User Registration == (everyone else)
@@ -500,7 +500,7 @@ class RegisterRestServlet(RestServlet):
                 bind_msisdn=params.get("bind_msisdn"),
             )
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, return_dict))
+        return (200, return_dict)
 
     def on_OPTIONS(self, _):
         return 200, {}
@@ -510,7 +510,7 @@ class RegisterRestServlet(RestServlet):
         user_id = yield self.registration_handler.appservice_register(
             username, as_token
         )
-        defer.returnValue((yield self._create_registration_details(user_id, body)))
+        return (yield self._create_registration_details(user_id, body))
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _do_shared_secret_registration(self, username, password, body):
@@ -546,7 +546,7 @@ class RegisterRestServlet(RestServlet):
         )
 
         result = yield self._create_registration_details(user_id, body)
-        defer.returnValue(result)
+        return result
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _create_registration_details(self, user_id, params):
@@ -570,7 +570,7 @@ class RegisterRestServlet(RestServlet):
             )
 
             result.update({"access_token": access_token, "device_id": device_id})
-        defer.returnValue(result)
+        return result
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _do_guest_registration(self, params, address=None):
@@ -588,16 +588,14 @@ class RegisterRestServlet(RestServlet):
             user_id, device_id, initial_display_name, is_guest=True
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue(
-            (
-                200,
-                {
-                    "user_id": user_id,
-                    "device_id": device_id,
-                    "access_token": access_token,
-                    "home_server": self.hs.hostname,
-                },
-            )
+        return (
+            200,
+            {
+                "user_id": user_id,
+                "device_id": device_id,
+                "access_token": access_token,
+                "home_server": self.hs.hostname,
+            },
         )
 
 
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/relations.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/relations.py
index 6e52f6d284..6fde3decdb 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/relations.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/relations.py
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ class RelationSendServlet(RestServlet):
             requester, event_dict=event_dict, txn_id=txn_id
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, {"event_id": event.event_id}))
+        return (200, {"event_id": event.event_id})
 
 
 class RelationPaginationServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ class RelationPaginationServlet(RestServlet):
         return_value["chunk"] = events
         return_value["original_event"] = original_event
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, return_value))
+        return (200, return_value)
 
 
 class RelationAggregationPaginationServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -268,7 +268,7 @@ class RelationAggregationPaginationServlet(RestServlet):
                 to_token=to_token,
             )
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, pagination_chunk.to_dict()))
+        return (200, pagination_chunk.to_dict())
 
 
 class RelationAggregationGroupPaginationServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -354,7 +354,7 @@ class RelationAggregationGroupPaginationServlet(RestServlet):
         return_value = result.to_dict()
         return_value["chunk"] = events
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, return_value))
+        return (200, return_value)
 
 
 def register_servlets(hs, http_server):
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/report_event.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/report_event.py
index e7578af804..3fdd4584a3 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/report_event.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/report_event.py
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ class ReportEventRestServlet(RestServlet):
             received_ts=self.clock.time_msec(),
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, {}))
+        return (200, {})
 
 
 def register_servlets(hs, http_server):
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/room_keys.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/room_keys.py
index 8d1b810565..10dec96208 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/room_keys.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/room_keys.py
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ class RoomKeysServlet(RestServlet):
             body = {"rooms": {room_id: body}}
 
         yield self.e2e_room_keys_handler.upload_room_keys(user_id, version, body)
-        defer.returnValue((200, {}))
+        return (200, {})
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_GET(self, request, room_id, session_id):
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ class RoomKeysServlet(RestServlet):
             else:
                 room_keys = room_keys["rooms"][room_id]
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, room_keys))
+        return (200, room_keys)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_DELETE(self, request, room_id, session_id):
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ class RoomKeysServlet(RestServlet):
         yield self.e2e_room_keys_handler.delete_room_keys(
             user_id, version, room_id, session_id
         )
-        defer.returnValue((200, {}))
+        return (200, {})
 
 
 class RoomKeysNewVersionServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ class RoomKeysNewVersionServlet(RestServlet):
         info = parse_json_object_from_request(request)
 
         new_version = yield self.e2e_room_keys_handler.create_version(user_id, info)
-        defer.returnValue((200, {"version": new_version}))
+        return (200, {"version": new_version})
 
     # we deliberately don't have a PUT /version, as these things really should
     # be immutable to avoid people footgunning
@@ -338,7 +338,7 @@ class RoomKeysVersionServlet(RestServlet):
         except SynapseError as e:
             if e.code == 404:
                 raise SynapseError(404, "No backup found", Codes.NOT_FOUND)
-        defer.returnValue((200, info))
+        return (200, info)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_DELETE(self, request, version):
@@ -358,7 +358,7 @@ class RoomKeysVersionServlet(RestServlet):
         user_id = requester.user.to_string()
 
         yield self.e2e_room_keys_handler.delete_version(user_id, version)
-        defer.returnValue((200, {}))
+        return (200, {})
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_PUT(self, request, version):
@@ -392,7 +392,7 @@ class RoomKeysVersionServlet(RestServlet):
             )
 
         yield self.e2e_room_keys_handler.update_version(user_id, version, info)
-        defer.returnValue((200, {}))
+        return (200, {})
 
 
 def register_servlets(hs, http_server):
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/room_upgrade_rest_servlet.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/room_upgrade_rest_servlet.py
index d7f7faa029..14ba61a63e 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/room_upgrade_rest_servlet.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/room_upgrade_rest_servlet.py
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ class RoomUpgradeRestServlet(RestServlet):
 
         ret = {"replacement_room": new_room_id}
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, ret))
+        return (200, ret)
 
 
 def register_servlets(hs, http_server):
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/sendtodevice.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/sendtodevice.py
index 78075b8fc0..2613648d82 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/sendtodevice.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/sendtodevice.py
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ class SendToDeviceRestServlet(servlet.RestServlet):
         )
 
         response = (200, {})
-        defer.returnValue(response)
+        return response
 
 
 def register_servlets(hs, http_server):
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/sync.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/sync.py
index 02d56dee6c..7b32dd2212 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/sync.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/sync.py
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ class SyncRestServlet(RestServlet):
             time_now, sync_result, requester.access_token_id, filter
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, response_content))
+        return (200, response_content)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def encode_response(self, time_now, sync_result, access_token_id, filter):
@@ -205,27 +205,23 @@ class SyncRestServlet(RestServlet):
             event_formatter,
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue(
-            {
-                "account_data": {"events": sync_result.account_data},
-                "to_device": {"events": sync_result.to_device},
-                "device_lists": {
-                    "changed": list(sync_result.device_lists.changed),
-                    "left": list(sync_result.device_lists.left),
-                },
-                "presence": SyncRestServlet.encode_presence(
-                    sync_result.presence, time_now
-                ),
-                "rooms": {"join": joined, "invite": invited, "leave": archived},
-                "groups": {
-                    "join": sync_result.groups.join,
-                    "invite": sync_result.groups.invite,
-                    "leave": sync_result.groups.leave,
-                },
-                "device_one_time_keys_count": sync_result.device_one_time_keys_count,
-                "next_batch": sync_result.next_batch.to_string(),
-            }
-        )
+        return {
+            "account_data": {"events": sync_result.account_data},
+            "to_device": {"events": sync_result.to_device},
+            "device_lists": {
+                "changed": list(sync_result.device_lists.changed),
+                "left": list(sync_result.device_lists.left),
+            },
+            "presence": SyncRestServlet.encode_presence(sync_result.presence, time_now),
+            "rooms": {"join": joined, "invite": invited, "leave": archived},
+            "groups": {
+                "join": sync_result.groups.join,
+                "invite": sync_result.groups.invite,
+                "leave": sync_result.groups.leave,
+            },
+            "device_one_time_keys_count": sync_result.device_one_time_keys_count,
+            "next_batch": sync_result.next_batch.to_string(),
+        }
 
     @staticmethod
     def encode_presence(events, time_now):
@@ -273,7 +269,7 @@ class SyncRestServlet(RestServlet):
                 event_formatter=event_formatter,
             )
 
-        defer.returnValue(joined)
+        return joined
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def encode_invited(self, rooms, time_now, token_id, event_formatter):
@@ -309,7 +305,7 @@ class SyncRestServlet(RestServlet):
             invited_state.append(invite)
             invited[room.room_id] = {"invite_state": {"events": invited_state}}
 
-        defer.returnValue(invited)
+        return invited
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def encode_archived(self, rooms, time_now, token_id, event_fields, event_formatter):
@@ -342,7 +338,7 @@ class SyncRestServlet(RestServlet):
                 event_formatter=event_formatter,
             )
 
-        defer.returnValue(joined)
+        return joined
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def encode_room(
@@ -414,7 +410,7 @@ class SyncRestServlet(RestServlet):
             result["unread_notifications"] = room.unread_notifications
             result["summary"] = room.summary
 
-        defer.returnValue(result)
+        return result
 
 
 def register_servlets(hs, http_server):
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/tags.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/tags.py
index 07b6ede603..d173544355 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/tags.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/tags.py
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ class TagListServlet(RestServlet):
 
         tags = yield self.store.get_tags_for_room(user_id, room_id)
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, {"tags": tags}))
+        return (200, {"tags": tags})
 
 
 class TagServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ class TagServlet(RestServlet):
 
         self.notifier.on_new_event("account_data_key", max_id, users=[user_id])
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, {}))
+        return (200, {})
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_DELETE(self, request, user_id, room_id, tag):
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ class TagServlet(RestServlet):
 
         self.notifier.on_new_event("account_data_key", max_id, users=[user_id])
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, {}))
+        return (200, {})
 
 
 def register_servlets(hs, http_server):
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/thirdparty.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/thirdparty.py
index 1e66662a05..158e686b01 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/thirdparty.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/thirdparty.py
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ class ThirdPartyProtocolsServlet(RestServlet):
         yield self.auth.get_user_by_req(request, allow_guest=True)
 
         protocols = yield self.appservice_handler.get_3pe_protocols()
-        defer.returnValue((200, protocols))
+        return (200, protocols)
 
 
 class ThirdPartyProtocolServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -60,9 +60,9 @@ class ThirdPartyProtocolServlet(RestServlet):
             only_protocol=protocol
         )
         if protocol in protocols:
-            defer.returnValue((200, protocols[protocol]))
+            return (200, protocols[protocol])
         else:
-            defer.returnValue((404, {"error": "Unknown protocol"}))
+            return (404, {"error": "Unknown protocol"})
 
 
 class ThirdPartyUserServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ class ThirdPartyUserServlet(RestServlet):
             ThirdPartyEntityKind.USER, protocol, fields
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, results))
+        return (200, results)
 
 
 class ThirdPartyLocationServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ class ThirdPartyLocationServlet(RestServlet):
             ThirdPartyEntityKind.LOCATION, protocol, fields
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, results))
+        return (200, results)
 
 
 def register_servlets(hs, http_server):
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/user_directory.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/user_directory.py
index e19fb6d583..7ab2b80e46 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/user_directory.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/user_directory.py
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ class UserDirectorySearchRestServlet(RestServlet):
         user_id = requester.user.to_string()
 
         if not self.hs.config.user_directory_search_enabled:
-            defer.returnValue((200, {"limited": False, "results": []}))
+            return (200, {"limited": False, "results": []})
 
         body = parse_json_object_from_request(request)
 
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ class UserDirectorySearchRestServlet(RestServlet):
             user_id, search_term, limit
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, results))
+        return (200, results)
 
 
 def register_servlets(hs, http_server):
diff --git a/synapse/rest/media/v1/media_repository.py b/synapse/rest/media/v1/media_repository.py
index 65afffbb42..92beefa176 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/media/v1/media_repository.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/media/v1/media_repository.py
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ class MediaRepository(object):
 
         yield self._generate_thumbnails(None, media_id, media_id, media_type)
 
-        defer.returnValue("mxc://%s/%s" % (self.server_name, media_id))
+        return "mxc://%s/%s" % (self.server_name, media_id)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_local_media(self, request, media_id, name):
@@ -282,7 +282,7 @@ class MediaRepository(object):
             with responder:
                 pass
 
-        defer.returnValue(media_info)
+        return media_info
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _get_remote_media_impl(self, server_name, media_id):
@@ -317,14 +317,14 @@ class MediaRepository(object):
 
             responder = yield self.media_storage.fetch_media(file_info)
             if responder:
-                defer.returnValue((responder, media_info))
+                return (responder, media_info)
 
         # Failed to find the file anywhere, lets download it.
 
         media_info = yield self._download_remote_file(server_name, media_id, file_id)
 
         responder = yield self.media_storage.fetch_media(file_info)
-        defer.returnValue((responder, media_info))
+        return (responder, media_info)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _download_remote_file(self, server_name, media_id, file_id):
@@ -421,7 +421,7 @@ class MediaRepository(object):
 
         yield self._generate_thumbnails(server_name, media_id, file_id, media_type)
 
-        defer.returnValue(media_info)
+        return media_info
 
     def _get_thumbnail_requirements(self, media_type):
         return self.thumbnail_requirements.get(media_type, ())
@@ -500,7 +500,7 @@ class MediaRepository(object):
                 media_id, t_width, t_height, t_type, t_method, t_len
             )
 
-            defer.returnValue(output_path)
+            return output_path
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def generate_remote_exact_thumbnail(
@@ -554,7 +554,7 @@ class MediaRepository(object):
                 t_len,
             )
 
-            defer.returnValue(output_path)
+            return output_path
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _generate_thumbnails(
@@ -667,7 +667,7 @@ class MediaRepository(object):
                     media_id, t_width, t_height, t_type, t_method, t_len
                 )
 
-        defer.returnValue({"width": m_width, "height": m_height})
+        return {"width": m_width, "height": m_height}
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def delete_old_remote_media(self, before_ts):
@@ -704,7 +704,7 @@ class MediaRepository(object):
                 yield self.store.delete_remote_media(origin, media_id)
                 deleted += 1
 
-        defer.returnValue({"deleted": deleted})
+        return {"deleted": deleted}
 
 
 class MediaRepositoryResource(Resource):
diff --git a/synapse/rest/media/v1/media_storage.py b/synapse/rest/media/v1/media_storage.py
index 25e5ac2848..3b87717a5a 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/media/v1/media_storage.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/media/v1/media_storage.py
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ class MediaStorage(object):
             )
             yield finish_cb()
 
-        defer.returnValue(fname)
+        return fname
 
     @contextlib.contextmanager
     def store_into_file(self, file_info):
@@ -143,14 +143,14 @@ class MediaStorage(object):
         path = self._file_info_to_path(file_info)
         local_path = os.path.join(self.local_media_directory, path)
         if os.path.exists(local_path):
-            defer.returnValue(FileResponder(open(local_path, "rb")))
+            return FileResponder(open(local_path, "rb"))
 
         for provider in self.storage_providers:
             res = yield provider.fetch(path, file_info)
             if res:
-                defer.returnValue(res)
+                return res
 
-        defer.returnValue(None)
+        return None
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def ensure_media_is_in_local_cache(self, file_info):
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ class MediaStorage(object):
         path = self._file_info_to_path(file_info)
         local_path = os.path.join(self.local_media_directory, path)
         if os.path.exists(local_path):
-            defer.returnValue(local_path)
+            return local_path
 
         dirname = os.path.dirname(local_path)
         if not os.path.exists(dirname):
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ class MediaStorage(object):
                     )
                     yield res.write_to_consumer(consumer)
                     yield consumer.wait()
-                defer.returnValue(local_path)
+                return local_path
 
         raise Exception("file could not be found")
 
diff --git a/synapse/rest/media/v1/preview_url_resource.py b/synapse/rest/media/v1/preview_url_resource.py
index 5871737bfd..bd40891a7f 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/media/v1/preview_url_resource.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/media/v1/preview_url_resource.py
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ class PreviewUrlResource(DirectServeResource):
             og = cache_result["og"]
             if isinstance(og, six.text_type):
                 og = og.encode("utf8")
-            defer.returnValue(og)
+            return og
             return
 
         media_info = yield self._download_url(url, user)
@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ class PreviewUrlResource(DirectServeResource):
             media_info["created_ts"],
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue(jsonog)
+        return jsonog
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _download_url(self, url, user):
@@ -354,22 +354,20 @@ class PreviewUrlResource(DirectServeResource):
             # therefore not expire it.
             raise
 
-        defer.returnValue(
-            {
-                "media_type": media_type,
-                "media_length": length,
-                "download_name": download_name,
-                "created_ts": time_now_ms,
-                "filesystem_id": file_id,
-                "filename": fname,
-                "uri": uri,
-                "response_code": code,
-                # FIXME: we should calculate a proper expiration based on the
-                # Cache-Control and Expire headers.  But for now, assume 1 hour.
-                "expires": 60 * 60 * 1000,
-                "etag": headers["ETag"][0] if "ETag" in headers else None,
-            }
-        )
+        return {
+            "media_type": media_type,
+            "media_length": length,
+            "download_name": download_name,
+            "created_ts": time_now_ms,
+            "filesystem_id": file_id,
+            "filename": fname,
+            "uri": uri,
+            "response_code": code,
+            # FIXME: we should calculate a proper expiration based on the
+            # Cache-Control and Expire headers.  But for now, assume 1 hour.
+            "expires": 60 * 60 * 1000,
+            "etag": headers["ETag"][0] if "ETag" in headers else None,
+        }
 
     def _start_expire_url_cache_data(self):
         return run_as_background_process(
diff --git a/synapse/server_notices/resource_limits_server_notices.py b/synapse/server_notices/resource_limits_server_notices.py
index f183743f31..729c097e6d 100644
--- a/synapse/server_notices/resource_limits_server_notices.py
+++ b/synapse/server_notices/resource_limits_server_notices.py
@@ -193,4 +193,4 @@ class ResourceLimitsServerNotices(object):
                 if event_id in referenced_events:
                     referenced_events.remove(event.event_id)
 
-        defer.returnValue((currently_blocked, referenced_events))
+        return (currently_blocked, referenced_events)
diff --git a/synapse/server_notices/server_notices_manager.py b/synapse/server_notices/server_notices_manager.py
index 71e7e75320..2dac90578c 100644
--- a/synapse/server_notices/server_notices_manager.py
+++ b/synapse/server_notices/server_notices_manager.py
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ class ServerNoticesManager(object):
         res = yield self._event_creation_handler.create_and_send_nonmember_event(
             requester, event_dict, ratelimit=False
         )
-        defer.returnValue(res)
+        return res
 
     @cachedInlineCallbacks()
     def get_notice_room_for_user(self, user_id):
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ class ServerNoticesManager(object):
                 # we found a room which our user shares with the system notice
                 # user
                 logger.info("Using room %s", room.room_id)
-                defer.returnValue(room.room_id)
+                return room.room_id
 
         # apparently no existing notice room: create a new one
         logger.info("Creating server notices room for %s", user_id)
@@ -158,4 +158,4 @@ class ServerNoticesManager(object):
         self._notifier.on_new_event("account_data_key", max_id, users=[user_id])
 
         logger.info("Created server notices room %s for %s", room_id, user_id)
-        defer.returnValue(room_id)
+        return room_id
diff --git a/synapse/state/__init__.py b/synapse/state/__init__.py
index 9f708fa205..a0d34f16ea 100644
--- a/synapse/state/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/state/__init__.py
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ class StateHandler(object):
             event = None
             if event_id:
                 event = yield self.store.get_event(event_id, allow_none=True)
-            defer.returnValue(event)
+            return event
             return
 
         state_map = yield self.store.get_events(
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ class StateHandler(object):
             key: state_map[e_id] for key, e_id in iteritems(state) if e_id in state_map
         }
 
-        defer.returnValue(state)
+        return state
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_current_state_ids(self, room_id, latest_event_ids=None):
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ class StateHandler(object):
         ret = yield self.resolve_state_groups_for_events(room_id, latest_event_ids)
         state = ret.state
 
-        defer.returnValue(state)
+        return state
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_current_users_in_room(self, room_id, latest_event_ids=None):
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ class StateHandler(object):
         logger.debug("calling resolve_state_groups from get_current_users_in_room")
         entry = yield self.resolve_state_groups_for_events(room_id, latest_event_ids)
         joined_users = yield self.store.get_joined_users_from_state(room_id, entry)
-        defer.returnValue(joined_users)
+        return joined_users
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_current_hosts_in_room(self, room_id, latest_event_ids=None):
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ class StateHandler(object):
         logger.debug("calling resolve_state_groups from get_current_hosts_in_room")
         entry = yield self.resolve_state_groups_for_events(room_id, latest_event_ids)
         joined_hosts = yield self.store.get_joined_hosts(room_id, entry)
-        defer.returnValue(joined_hosts)
+        return joined_hosts
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def compute_event_context(self, event, old_state=None):
@@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ class StateHandler(object):
                 prev_state_ids=prev_state_ids,
             )
 
-            defer.returnValue(context)
+            return context
 
         if old_state:
             # We already have the state, so we don't need to calculate it.
@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@ class StateHandler(object):
                 prev_state_ids=prev_state_ids,
             )
 
-            defer.returnValue(context)
+            return context
 
         logger.debug("calling resolve_state_groups from compute_event_context")
 
@@ -343,7 +343,7 @@ class StateHandler(object):
             delta_ids=delta_ids,
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue(context)
+        return context
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def resolve_state_groups_for_events(self, room_id, event_ids):
@@ -368,19 +368,17 @@ class StateHandler(object):
         state_groups_ids = yield self.store.get_state_groups_ids(room_id, event_ids)
 
         if len(state_groups_ids) == 0:
-            defer.returnValue(_StateCacheEntry(state={}, state_group=None))
+            return _StateCacheEntry(state={}, state_group=None)
         elif len(state_groups_ids) == 1:
             name, state_list = list(state_groups_ids.items()).pop()
 
             prev_group, delta_ids = yield self.store.get_state_group_delta(name)
 
-            defer.returnValue(
-                _StateCacheEntry(
-                    state=state_list,
-                    state_group=name,
-                    prev_group=prev_group,
-                    delta_ids=delta_ids,
-                )
+            return _StateCacheEntry(
+                state=state_list,
+                state_group=name,
+                prev_group=prev_group,
+                delta_ids=delta_ids,
             )
 
         room_version = yield self.store.get_room_version(room_id)
@@ -392,7 +390,7 @@ class StateHandler(object):
             None,
             state_res_store=StateResolutionStore(self.store),
         )
-        defer.returnValue(result)
+        return result
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def resolve_events(self, room_version, state_sets, event):
@@ -415,7 +413,7 @@ class StateHandler(object):
 
         new_state = {key: state_map[ev_id] for key, ev_id in iteritems(new_state)}
 
-        defer.returnValue(new_state)
+        return new_state
 
 
 class StateResolutionHandler(object):
@@ -479,7 +477,7 @@ class StateResolutionHandler(object):
             if self._state_cache is not None:
                 cache = self._state_cache.get(group_names, None)
                 if cache:
-                    defer.returnValue(cache)
+                    return cache
 
             logger.info(
                 "Resolving state for %s with %d groups", room_id, len(state_groups_ids)
@@ -525,7 +523,7 @@ class StateResolutionHandler(object):
             if self._state_cache is not None:
                 self._state_cache[group_names] = cache
 
-            defer.returnValue(cache)
+            return cache
 
 
 def _make_state_cache_entry(new_state, state_groups_ids):
diff --git a/synapse/state/v1.py b/synapse/state/v1.py
index 88acd4817e..a2f92d9ff9 100644
--- a/synapse/state/v1.py
+++ b/synapse/state/v1.py
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ def resolve_events_with_store(state_sets, event_map, state_map_factory):
             a map from (type, state_key) to event_id.
     """
     if len(state_sets) == 1:
-        defer.returnValue(state_sets[0])
+        return state_sets[0]
 
     unconflicted_state, conflicted_state = _seperate(state_sets)
 
@@ -97,10 +97,8 @@ def resolve_events_with_store(state_sets, event_map, state_map_factory):
     state_map_new = yield state_map_factory(new_needed_events)
     state_map.update(state_map_new)
 
-    defer.returnValue(
-        _resolve_with_state(
-            unconflicted_state, conflicted_state, auth_events, state_map
-        )
+    return _resolve_with_state(
+        unconflicted_state, conflicted_state, auth_events, state_map
     )
 
 
diff --git a/synapse/state/v2.py b/synapse/state/v2.py
index db969e8997..b327c86f40 100644
--- a/synapse/state/v2.py
+++ b/synapse/state/v2.py
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ def resolve_events_with_store(room_version, state_sets, event_map, state_res_sto
     unconflicted_state, conflicted_state = _seperate(state_sets)
 
     if not conflicted_state:
-        defer.returnValue(unconflicted_state)
+        return unconflicted_state
 
     logger.debug("%d conflicted state entries", len(conflicted_state))
     logger.debug("Calculating auth chain difference")
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ def resolve_events_with_store(room_version, state_sets, event_map, state_res_sto
 
     logger.debug("done")
 
-    defer.returnValue(resolved_state)
+    return resolved_state
 
 
 @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -168,18 +168,18 @@ def _get_power_level_for_sender(event_id, event_map, state_res_store):
             aev = yield _get_event(aid, event_map, state_res_store)
             if (aev.type, aev.state_key) == (EventTypes.Create, ""):
                 if aev.content.get("creator") == event.sender:
-                    defer.returnValue(100)
+                    return 100
                 break
-        defer.returnValue(0)
+        return 0
 
     level = pl.content.get("users", {}).get(event.sender)
     if level is None:
         level = pl.content.get("users_default", 0)
 
     if level is None:
-        defer.returnValue(0)
+        return 0
     else:
-        defer.returnValue(int(level))
+        return int(level)
 
 
 @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ def _get_auth_chain_difference(state_sets, event_map, state_res_store):
     intersection = set(auth_sets[0]).intersection(*auth_sets[1:])
     union = set().union(*auth_sets)
 
-    defer.returnValue(union - intersection)
+    return union - intersection
 
 
 def _seperate(state_sets):
@@ -343,7 +343,7 @@ def _reverse_topological_power_sort(event_ids, event_map, state_res_store, auth_
     it = lexicographical_topological_sort(graph, key=_get_power_order)
     sorted_events = list(it)
 
-    defer.returnValue(sorted_events)
+    return sorted_events
 
 
 @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -396,7 +396,7 @@ def _iterative_auth_checks(
         except AuthError:
             pass
 
-    defer.returnValue(resolved_state)
+    return resolved_state
 
 
 @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -439,7 +439,7 @@ def _mainline_sort(event_ids, resolved_power_event_id, event_map, state_res_stor
 
     event_ids.sort(key=lambda ev_id: order_map[ev_id])
 
-    defer.returnValue(event_ids)
+    return event_ids
 
 
 @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -462,7 +462,7 @@ def _get_mainline_depth_for_event(event, mainline_map, event_map, state_res_stor
     while event:
         depth = mainline_map.get(event.event_id)
         if depth is not None:
-            defer.returnValue(depth)
+            return depth
 
         auth_events = event.auth_event_ids()
         event = None
@@ -474,7 +474,7 @@ def _get_mainline_depth_for_event(event, mainline_map, event_map, state_res_stor
                 break
 
     # Didn't find a power level auth event, so we just return 0
-    defer.returnValue(0)
+    return 0
 
 
 @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -493,7 +493,7 @@ def _get_event(event_id, event_map, state_res_store):
     if event_id not in event_map:
         events = yield state_res_store.get_events([event_id], allow_rejected=True)
         event_map.update(events)
-    defer.returnValue(event_map[event_id])
+    return event_map[event_id]
 
 
 def lexicographical_topological_sort(graph, key):
diff --git a/synapse/storage/__init__.py b/synapse/storage/__init__.py
index 86a333a919..e7f6ea7286 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/__init__.py
@@ -498,7 +498,7 @@ class DataStore(
         )
         count = yield self.runInteraction("get_users_paginate", self.get_user_count_txn)
         retval = {"users": users, "total": count}
-        defer.returnValue(retval)
+        return retval
 
     def search_users(self, term):
         """Function to search users list for one or more users with
diff --git a/synapse/storage/_base.py b/synapse/storage/_base.py
index a7c93efa46..489ce82fae 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/_base.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/_base.py
@@ -513,7 +513,7 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
                 after_callback(*after_args, **after_kwargs)
             raise
 
-        defer.returnValue(result)
+        return result
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def runWithConnection(self, func, *args, **kwargs):
@@ -553,7 +553,7 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
         with PreserveLoggingContext():
             result = yield self._db_pool.runWithConnection(inner_func, *args, **kwargs)
 
-        defer.returnValue(result)
+        return result
 
     @staticmethod
     def cursor_to_dict(cursor):
@@ -615,8 +615,8 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
             # a cursor after we receive an error from the db.
             if not or_ignore:
                 raise
-            defer.returnValue(False)
-        defer.returnValue(True)
+            return False
+        return True
 
     @staticmethod
     def _simple_insert_txn(txn, table, values):
@@ -708,7 +708,7 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
                     insertion_values,
                     lock=lock,
                 )
-                defer.returnValue(result)
+                return result
             except self.database_engine.module.IntegrityError as e:
                 attempts += 1
                 if attempts >= 5:
@@ -1121,7 +1121,7 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
         results = []
 
         if not iterable:
-            defer.returnValue(results)
+            return results
 
         # iterables can not be sliced, so convert it to a list first
         it_list = list(iterable)
@@ -1142,7 +1142,7 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
 
             results.extend(rows)
 
-        defer.returnValue(results)
+        return results
 
     @classmethod
     def _simple_select_many_txn(cls, txn, table, column, iterable, keyvalues, retcols):
diff --git a/synapse/storage/account_data.py b/synapse/storage/account_data.py
index 8394389073..9fa5b4f3d6 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/account_data.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/account_data.py
@@ -111,9 +111,9 @@ class AccountDataWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         )
 
         if result:
-            defer.returnValue(json.loads(result))
+            return json.loads(result)
         else:
-            defer.returnValue(None)
+            return None
 
     @cached(num_args=2)
     def get_account_data_for_room(self, user_id, room_id):
@@ -264,11 +264,9 @@ class AccountDataWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             on_invalidate=cache_context.invalidate,
         )
         if not ignored_account_data:
-            defer.returnValue(False)
+            return False
 
-        defer.returnValue(
-            ignored_user_id in ignored_account_data.get("ignored_users", {})
-        )
+        return ignored_user_id in ignored_account_data.get("ignored_users", {})
 
 
 class AccountDataStore(AccountDataWorkerStore):
@@ -332,7 +330,7 @@ class AccountDataStore(AccountDataWorkerStore):
             )
 
         result = self._account_data_id_gen.get_current_token()
-        defer.returnValue(result)
+        return result
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def add_account_data_for_user(self, user_id, account_data_type, content):
@@ -373,7 +371,7 @@ class AccountDataStore(AccountDataWorkerStore):
             )
 
         result = self._account_data_id_gen.get_current_token()
-        defer.returnValue(result)
+        return result
 
     def _update_max_stream_id(self, next_id):
         """Update the max stream_id
diff --git a/synapse/storage/appservice.py b/synapse/storage/appservice.py
index eb329ebd8b..05d9c05c3f 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/appservice.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/appservice.py
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ class ApplicationServiceTransactionWorkerStore(
             for service in as_list:
                 if service.id == res["as_id"]:
                     services.append(service)
-        defer.returnValue(services)
+        return services
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_appservice_state(self, service):
@@ -164,9 +164,9 @@ class ApplicationServiceTransactionWorkerStore(
             desc="get_appservice_state",
         )
         if result:
-            defer.returnValue(result.get("state"))
+            return result.get("state")
             return
-        defer.returnValue(None)
+        return None
 
     def set_appservice_state(self, service, state):
         """Set the application service state.
@@ -298,15 +298,13 @@ class ApplicationServiceTransactionWorkerStore(
         )
 
         if not entry:
-            defer.returnValue(None)
+            return None
 
         event_ids = json.loads(entry["event_ids"])
 
         events = yield self.get_events_as_list(event_ids)
 
-        defer.returnValue(
-            AppServiceTransaction(service=service, id=entry["txn_id"], events=events)
-        )
+        return AppServiceTransaction(service=service, id=entry["txn_id"], events=events)
 
     def _get_last_txn(self, txn, service_id):
         txn.execute(
@@ -360,7 +358,7 @@ class ApplicationServiceTransactionWorkerStore(
 
         events = yield self.get_events_as_list(event_ids)
 
-        defer.returnValue((upper_bound, events))
+        return (upper_bound, events)
 
 
 class ApplicationServiceTransactionStore(ApplicationServiceTransactionWorkerStore):
diff --git a/synapse/storage/background_updates.py b/synapse/storage/background_updates.py
index 50f913a414..e5f0668f09 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/background_updates.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/background_updates.py
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ class BackgroundUpdateStore(SQLBaseStore):
                         " Unscheduling background update task."
                     )
                     self._all_done = True
-                    defer.returnValue(None)
+                    return None
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def has_completed_background_updates(self):
@@ -127,11 +127,11 @@ class BackgroundUpdateStore(SQLBaseStore):
         # if we've previously determined that there is nothing left to do, that
         # is easy
         if self._all_done:
-            defer.returnValue(True)
+            return True
 
         # obviously, if we have things in our queue, we're not done.
         if self._background_update_queue:
-            defer.returnValue(False)
+            return False
 
         # otherwise, check if there are updates to be run. This is important,
         # as we may be running on a worker which doesn't perform the bg updates
@@ -144,9 +144,9 @@ class BackgroundUpdateStore(SQLBaseStore):
         )
         if not updates:
             self._all_done = True
-            defer.returnValue(True)
+            return True
 
-        defer.returnValue(False)
+        return False
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def do_next_background_update(self, desired_duration_ms):
@@ -173,14 +173,14 @@ class BackgroundUpdateStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
         if not self._background_update_queue:
             # no work left to do
-            defer.returnValue(None)
+            return None
 
         # pop from the front, and add back to the back
         update_name = self._background_update_queue.pop(0)
         self._background_update_queue.append(update_name)
 
         res = yield self._do_background_update(update_name, desired_duration_ms)
-        defer.returnValue(res)
+        return res
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _do_background_update(self, update_name, desired_duration_ms):
@@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ class BackgroundUpdateStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
         performance.update(items_updated, duration_ms)
 
-        defer.returnValue(len(self._background_update_performance))
+        return len(self._background_update_performance)
 
     def register_background_update_handler(self, update_name, update_handler):
         """Register a handler for doing a background update.
@@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ class BackgroundUpdateStore(SQLBaseStore):
         @defer.inlineCallbacks
         def noop_update(progress, batch_size):
             yield self._end_background_update(update_name)
-            defer.returnValue(1)
+            return 1
 
         self.register_background_update_handler(update_name, noop_update)
 
@@ -370,7 +370,7 @@ class BackgroundUpdateStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 logger.info("Adding index %s to %s", index_name, table)
                 yield self.runWithConnection(runner)
             yield self._end_background_update(update_name)
-            defer.returnValue(1)
+            return 1
 
         self.register_background_update_handler(update_name, updater)
 
diff --git a/synapse/storage/client_ips.py b/synapse/storage/client_ips.py
index bda68de5be..6db8c54077 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/client_ips.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/client_ips.py
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ class ClientIpStore(background_updates.BackgroundUpdateStore):
 
         yield self.runWithConnection(f)
         yield self._end_background_update("user_ips_drop_nonunique_index")
-        defer.returnValue(1)
+        return 1
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _analyze_user_ip(self, progress, batch_size):
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ class ClientIpStore(background_updates.BackgroundUpdateStore):
 
         yield self._end_background_update("user_ips_analyze")
 
-        defer.returnValue(1)
+        return 1
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _remove_user_ip_dupes(self, progress, batch_size):
@@ -291,7 +291,7 @@ class ClientIpStore(background_updates.BackgroundUpdateStore):
         if last:
             yield self._end_background_update("user_ips_remove_dupes")
 
-        defer.returnValue(batch_size)
+        return batch_size
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def insert_client_ip(
@@ -401,7 +401,7 @@ class ClientIpStore(background_updates.BackgroundUpdateStore):
                         "device_id": did,
                         "last_seen": last_seen,
                     }
-        defer.returnValue(ret)
+        return ret
 
     @classmethod
     def _get_last_client_ip_by_device_txn(cls, txn, user_id, device_id, retcols):
@@ -461,14 +461,12 @@ class ClientIpStore(background_updates.BackgroundUpdateStore):
             ((row["access_token"], row["ip"]), (row["user_agent"], row["last_seen"]))
             for row in rows
         )
-        defer.returnValue(
-            list(
-                {
-                    "access_token": access_token,
-                    "ip": ip,
-                    "user_agent": user_agent,
-                    "last_seen": last_seen,
-                }
-                for (access_token, ip), (user_agent, last_seen) in iteritems(results)
-            )
+        return list(
+            {
+                "access_token": access_token,
+                "ip": ip,
+                "user_agent": user_agent,
+                "last_seen": last_seen,
+            }
+            for (access_token, ip), (user_agent, last_seen) in iteritems(results)
         )
diff --git a/synapse/storage/deviceinbox.py b/synapse/storage/deviceinbox.py
index 4ea0deea4f..79bb0ea46d 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/deviceinbox.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/deviceinbox.py
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ class DeviceInboxWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 user_id, last_deleted_stream_id
             )
             if not has_changed:
-                defer.returnValue(0)
+                return 0
 
         def delete_messages_for_device_txn(txn):
             sql = (
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ class DeviceInboxWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             last_deleted_stream_id, up_to_stream_id
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue(count)
+        return count
 
     def get_new_device_msgs_for_remote(
         self, destination, last_stream_id, current_stream_id, limit
@@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ class DeviceInboxStore(DeviceInboxWorkerStore, BackgroundUpdateStore):
                     destination, stream_id
                 )
 
-        defer.returnValue(self._device_inbox_id_gen.get_current_token())
+        return self._device_inbox_id_gen.get_current_token()
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def add_messages_from_remote_to_device_inbox(
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ class DeviceInboxStore(DeviceInboxWorkerStore, BackgroundUpdateStore):
             for user_id in local_messages_by_user_then_device.keys():
                 self._device_inbox_stream_cache.entity_has_changed(user_id, stream_id)
 
-        defer.returnValue(stream_id)
+        return stream_id
 
     def _add_messages_to_local_device_inbox_txn(
         self, txn, stream_id, messages_by_user_then_device
@@ -426,4 +426,4 @@ class DeviceInboxStore(DeviceInboxWorkerStore, BackgroundUpdateStore):
 
         yield self._end_background_update(self.DEVICE_INBOX_STREAM_ID)
 
-        defer.returnValue(1)
+        return 1
diff --git a/synapse/storage/devices.py b/synapse/storage/devices.py
index d2b113a4e7..8f72d92895 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/devices.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/devices.py
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ class DeviceWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             desc="get_devices_by_user",
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue({d["device_id"]: d for d in devices})
+        return {d["device_id"]: d for d in devices}
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_devices_by_remote(self, destination, from_stream_id, limit):
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ class DeviceWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             destination, int(from_stream_id)
         )
         if not has_changed:
-            defer.returnValue((now_stream_id, []))
+            return (now_stream_id, [])
 
         # We retrieve n+1 devices from the list of outbound pokes where n is
         # our outbound device update limit. We then check if the very last
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ class DeviceWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
         # Return an empty list if there are no updates
         if not updates:
-            defer.returnValue((now_stream_id, []))
+            return (now_stream_id, [])
 
         # if we have exceeded the limit, we need to exclude any results with the
         # same stream_id as the last row.
@@ -147,13 +147,13 @@ class DeviceWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         # skip that stream_id and return an empty list, and continue with the next
         # stream_id next time.
         if not query_map:
-            defer.returnValue((stream_id_cutoff, []))
+            return (stream_id_cutoff, [])
 
         results = yield self._get_device_update_edus_by_remote(
             destination, from_stream_id, query_map
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue((now_stream_id, results))
+        return (now_stream_id, results)
 
     def _get_devices_by_remote_txn(
         self, txn, destination, from_stream_id, now_stream_id, limit
@@ -232,7 +232,7 @@ class DeviceWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
                 results.append(result)
 
-        defer.returnValue(results)
+        return results
 
     def _get_last_device_update_for_remote_user(
         self, destination, user_id, from_stream_id
@@ -330,7 +330,7 @@ class DeviceWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             else:
                 results[user_id] = yield self._get_cached_devices_for_user(user_id)
 
-        defer.returnValue((user_ids_not_in_cache, results))
+        return (user_ids_not_in_cache, results)
 
     @cachedInlineCallbacks(num_args=2, tree=True)
     def _get_cached_user_device(self, user_id, device_id):
@@ -340,7 +340,7 @@ class DeviceWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             retcol="content",
             desc="_get_cached_user_device",
         )
-        defer.returnValue(db_to_json(content))
+        return db_to_json(content)
 
     @cachedInlineCallbacks()
     def _get_cached_devices_for_user(self, user_id):
@@ -350,9 +350,9 @@ class DeviceWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             retcols=("device_id", "content"),
             desc="_get_cached_devices_for_user",
         )
-        defer.returnValue(
-            {device["device_id"]: db_to_json(device["content"]) for device in devices}
-        )
+        return {
+            device["device_id"]: db_to_json(device["content"]) for device in devices
+        }
 
     def get_devices_with_keys_by_user(self, user_id):
         """Get all devices (with any device keys) for a user
@@ -482,7 +482,7 @@ class DeviceWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         results = {user_id: None for user_id in user_ids}
         results.update({row["user_id"]: row["stream_id"] for row in rows})
 
-        defer.returnValue(results)
+        return results
 
 
 class DeviceStore(DeviceWorkerStore, BackgroundUpdateStore):
@@ -543,7 +543,7 @@ class DeviceStore(DeviceWorkerStore, BackgroundUpdateStore):
         """
         key = (user_id, device_id)
         if self.device_id_exists_cache.get(key, None):
-            defer.returnValue(False)
+            return False
 
         try:
             inserted = yield self._simple_insert(
@@ -557,7 +557,7 @@ class DeviceStore(DeviceWorkerStore, BackgroundUpdateStore):
                 or_ignore=True,
             )
             self.device_id_exists_cache.prefill(key, True)
-            defer.returnValue(inserted)
+            return inserted
         except Exception as e:
             logger.error(
                 "store_device with device_id=%s(%r) user_id=%s(%r)"
@@ -780,7 +780,7 @@ class DeviceStore(DeviceWorkerStore, BackgroundUpdateStore):
                 hosts,
                 stream_id,
             )
-        defer.returnValue(stream_id)
+        return stream_id
 
     def _add_device_change_txn(self, txn, user_id, device_ids, hosts, stream_id):
         now = self._clock.time_msec()
@@ -889,4 +889,4 @@ class DeviceStore(DeviceWorkerStore, BackgroundUpdateStore):
 
         yield self.runWithConnection(f)
         yield self._end_background_update(DROP_DEVICE_LIST_STREAMS_NON_UNIQUE_INDEXES)
-        defer.returnValue(1)
+        return 1
diff --git a/synapse/storage/directory.py b/synapse/storage/directory.py
index 201bbd430c..e966a73f3d 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/directory.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/directory.py
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ class DirectoryWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         )
 
         if not room_id:
-            defer.returnValue(None)
+            return None
             return
 
         servers = yield self._simple_select_onecol(
@@ -57,10 +57,10 @@ class DirectoryWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         )
 
         if not servers:
-            defer.returnValue(None)
+            return None
             return
 
-        defer.returnValue(RoomAliasMapping(room_id, room_alias.to_string(), servers))
+        return RoomAliasMapping(room_id, room_alias.to_string(), servers)
 
     def get_room_alias_creator(self, room_alias):
         return self._simple_select_one_onecol(
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ class DirectoryStore(DirectoryWorkerStore):
             raise SynapseError(
                 409, "Room alias %s already exists" % room_alias.to_string()
             )
-        defer.returnValue(ret)
+        return ret
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def delete_room_alias(self, room_alias):
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ class DirectoryStore(DirectoryWorkerStore):
             "delete_room_alias", self._delete_room_alias_txn, room_alias
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue(room_id)
+        return room_id
 
     def _delete_room_alias_txn(self, txn, room_alias):
         txn.execute(
diff --git a/synapse/storage/e2e_room_keys.py b/synapse/storage/e2e_room_keys.py
index f40ef2ab64..99128f2df7 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/e2e_room_keys.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/e2e_room_keys.py
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ class EndToEndRoomKeyStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
         row["session_data"] = json.loads(row["session_data"])
 
-        defer.returnValue(row)
+        return row
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def set_e2e_room_key(self, user_id, version, room_id, session_id, room_key):
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ class EndToEndRoomKeyStore(SQLBaseStore):
         try:
             version = int(version)
         except ValueError:
-            defer.returnValue({"rooms": {}})
+            return {"rooms": {}}
 
         keyvalues = {"user_id": user_id, "version": version}
         if room_id:
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ class EndToEndRoomKeyStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 "session_data": json.loads(row["session_data"]),
             }
 
-        defer.returnValue(sessions)
+        return sessions
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def delete_e2e_room_keys(self, user_id, version, room_id=None, session_id=None):
diff --git a/synapse/storage/end_to_end_keys.py b/synapse/storage/end_to_end_keys.py
index 2fabb9e2cb..1e07474e70 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/end_to_end_keys.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/end_to_end_keys.py
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ class EndToEndKeyWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             dict containing "key_json", "device_display_name".
         """
         if not query_list:
-            defer.returnValue({})
+            return {}
 
         results = yield self.runInteraction(
             "get_e2e_device_keys",
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ class EndToEndKeyWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             for device_id, device_info in iteritems(device_keys):
                 device_info["keys"] = db_to_json(device_info.pop("key_json"))
 
-        defer.returnValue(results)
+        return results
 
     def _get_e2e_device_keys_txn(
         self, txn, query_list, include_all_devices=False, include_deleted_devices=False
@@ -130,9 +130,7 @@ class EndToEndKeyWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             desc="add_e2e_one_time_keys_check",
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue(
-            {(row["algorithm"], row["key_id"]): row["key_json"] for row in rows}
-        )
+        return {(row["algorithm"], row["key_id"]): row["key_json"] for row in rows}
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def add_e2e_one_time_keys(self, user_id, device_id, time_now, new_keys):
diff --git a/synapse/storage/event_federation.py b/synapse/storage/event_federation.py
index cb4478342f..4f500d893e 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/event_federation.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/event_federation.py
@@ -131,9 +131,9 @@ class EventFederationWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SignatureWorkerStore, SQLBas
         )
 
         if not rows:
-            defer.returnValue(0)
+            return 0
         else:
-            defer.returnValue(max(row["depth"] for row in rows))
+            return max(row["depth"] for row in rows)
 
     def _get_oldest_events_in_room_txn(self, txn, room_id):
         return self._simple_select_onecol_txn(
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ class EventFederationWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SignatureWorkerStore, SQLBas
             # make sure that we don't completely ignore the older events.
             res = res[0:5] + random.sample(res[5:], 5)
 
-        defer.returnValue(res)
+        return res
 
     def get_latest_event_ids_and_hashes_in_room(self, room_id):
         """
@@ -411,7 +411,7 @@ class EventFederationWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SignatureWorkerStore, SQLBas
             limit,
         )
         events = yield self.get_events_as_list(ids)
-        defer.returnValue(events)
+        return events
 
     def _get_missing_events(self, txn, room_id, earliest_events, latest_events, limit):
 
@@ -463,7 +463,7 @@ class EventFederationWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SignatureWorkerStore, SQLBas
             desc="get_successor_events",
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue([row["event_id"] for row in rows])
+        return [row["event_id"] for row in rows]
 
 
 class EventFederationStore(EventFederationWorkerStore):
@@ -654,4 +654,4 @@ class EventFederationStore(EventFederationWorkerStore):
         if not result:
             yield self._end_background_update(self.EVENT_AUTH_STATE_ONLY)
 
-        defer.returnValue(batch_size)
+        return batch_size
diff --git a/synapse/storage/event_push_actions.py b/synapse/storage/event_push_actions.py
index dcfb67e029..22025effbc 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/event_push_actions.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/event_push_actions.py
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ class EventPushActionsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             user_id,
             last_read_event_id,
         )
-        defer.returnValue(ret)
+        return ret
 
     def _get_unread_counts_by_receipt_txn(
         self, txn, room_id, user_id, last_read_event_id
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ class EventPushActionsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             return [r[0] for r in txn]
 
         ret = yield self.runInteraction("get_push_action_users_in_range", f)
-        defer.returnValue(ret)
+        return ret
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_unread_push_actions_for_user_in_range_for_http(
@@ -279,7 +279,7 @@ class EventPushActionsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
         # Take only up to the limit. We have to stop at the limit because
         # one of the subqueries may have hit the limit.
-        defer.returnValue(notifs[:limit])
+        return notifs[:limit]
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_unread_push_actions_for_user_in_range_for_email(
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ class EventPushActionsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         notifs.sort(key=lambda r: -(r["received_ts"] or 0))
 
         # Now return the first `limit`
-        defer.returnValue(notifs[:limit])
+        return notifs[:limit]
 
     def get_if_maybe_push_in_range_for_user(self, user_id, min_stream_ordering):
         """A fast check to see if there might be something to push for the
@@ -477,7 +477,7 @@ class EventPushActionsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 keyvalues={"event_id": event_id},
                 desc="remove_push_actions_from_staging",
             )
-            defer.returnValue(res)
+            return res
         except Exception:
             # this method is called from an exception handler, so propagating
             # another exception here really isn't helpful - there's nothing
@@ -732,7 +732,7 @@ class EventPushActionsStore(EventPushActionsWorkerStore):
         push_actions = yield self.runInteraction("get_push_actions_for_user", f)
         for pa in push_actions:
             pa["actions"] = _deserialize_action(pa["actions"], pa["highlight"])
-        defer.returnValue(push_actions)
+        return push_actions
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_time_of_last_push_action_before(self, stream_ordering):
@@ -749,7 +749,7 @@ class EventPushActionsStore(EventPushActionsWorkerStore):
             return txn.fetchone()
 
         result = yield self.runInteraction("get_time_of_last_push_action_before", f)
-        defer.returnValue(result[0] if result else None)
+        return result[0] if result else None
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_latest_push_action_stream_ordering(self):
@@ -758,7 +758,7 @@ class EventPushActionsStore(EventPushActionsWorkerStore):
             return txn.fetchone()
 
         result = yield self.runInteraction("get_latest_push_action_stream_ordering", f)
-        defer.returnValue(result[0] or 0)
+        return result[0] or 0
 
     def _remove_push_actions_for_event_id_txn(self, txn, room_id, event_id):
         # Sad that we have to blow away the cache for the whole room here
diff --git a/synapse/storage/events.py b/synapse/storage/events.py
index b70457bfc6..88c0180116 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/events.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/events.py
@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ def _retry_on_integrity_error(func):
         except self.database_engine.module.IntegrityError:
             logger.exception("IntegrityError, retrying.")
             res = yield func(self, *args, delete_existing=True, **kwargs)
-        defer.returnValue(res)
+        return res
 
     return f
 
@@ -309,7 +309,7 @@ class EventsStore(
 
         max_persisted_id = yield self._stream_id_gen.get_current_token()
 
-        defer.returnValue(max_persisted_id)
+        return max_persisted_id
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     @log_function
@@ -334,7 +334,7 @@ class EventsStore(
         yield make_deferred_yieldable(deferred)
 
         max_persisted_id = yield self._stream_id_gen.get_current_token()
-        defer.returnValue((event.internal_metadata.stream_ordering, max_persisted_id))
+        return (event.internal_metadata.stream_ordering, max_persisted_id)
 
     def _maybe_start_persisting(self, room_id):
         @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -595,7 +595,7 @@ class EventsStore(
             stale = latest_event_ids & result
             stale_forward_extremities_counter.observe(len(stale))
 
-        defer.returnValue(result)
+        return result
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _get_events_which_are_prevs(self, event_ids):
@@ -633,7 +633,7 @@ class EventsStore(
                 "_get_events_which_are_prevs", _get_events_which_are_prevs_txn, chunk
             )
 
-        defer.returnValue(results)
+        return results
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _get_prevs_before_rejected(self, event_ids):
@@ -695,7 +695,7 @@ class EventsStore(
                 "_get_prevs_before_rejected", _get_prevs_before_rejected_txn, chunk
             )
 
-        defer.returnValue(existing_prevs)
+        return existing_prevs
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _get_new_state_after_events(
@@ -796,7 +796,7 @@ class EventsStore(
         # If they old and new groups are the same then we don't need to do
         # anything.
         if old_state_groups == new_state_groups:
-            defer.returnValue((None, None))
+            return (None, None)
 
         if len(new_state_groups) == 1 and len(old_state_groups) == 1:
             # If we're going from one state group to another, lets check if
@@ -813,7 +813,7 @@ class EventsStore(
                 # the current state in memory then lets also return that,
                 # but it doesn't matter if we don't.
                 new_state = state_groups_map.get(new_state_group)
-                defer.returnValue((new_state, delta_ids))
+                return (new_state, delta_ids)
 
         # Now that we have calculated new_state_groups we need to get
         # their state IDs so we can resolve to a single state set.
@@ -825,7 +825,7 @@ class EventsStore(
         if len(new_state_groups) == 1:
             # If there is only one state group, then we know what the current
             # state is.
-            defer.returnValue((state_groups_map[new_state_groups.pop()], None))
+            return (state_groups_map[new_state_groups.pop()], None)
 
         # Ok, we need to defer to the state handler to resolve our state sets.
 
@@ -854,7 +854,7 @@ class EventsStore(
             state_res_store=StateResolutionStore(self),
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue((res.state, None))
+        return (res.state, None)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _calculate_state_delta(self, room_id, current_state):
@@ -877,7 +877,7 @@ class EventsStore(
             if ev_id != existing_state.get(key)
         }
 
-        defer.returnValue((to_delete, to_insert))
+        return (to_delete, to_insert)
 
     @log_function
     def _persist_events_txn(
@@ -1564,7 +1564,7 @@ class EventsStore(
             return count
 
         ret = yield self.runInteraction("count_messages", _count_messages)
-        defer.returnValue(ret)
+        return ret
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def count_daily_sent_messages(self):
@@ -1585,7 +1585,7 @@ class EventsStore(
             return count
 
         ret = yield self.runInteraction("count_daily_sent_messages", _count_messages)
-        defer.returnValue(ret)
+        return ret
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def count_daily_active_rooms(self):
@@ -1600,7 +1600,7 @@ class EventsStore(
             return count
 
         ret = yield self.runInteraction("count_daily_active_rooms", _count)
-        defer.returnValue(ret)
+        return ret
 
     def get_current_backfill_token(self):
         """The current minimum token that backfilled events have reached"""
@@ -2183,7 +2183,7 @@ class EventsStore(
         """
         to_1, so_1 = yield self._get_event_ordering(event_id1)
         to_2, so_2 = yield self._get_event_ordering(event_id2)
-        defer.returnValue((to_1, so_1) > (to_2, so_2))
+        return (to_1, so_1) > (to_2, so_2)
 
     @cachedInlineCallbacks(max_entries=5000)
     def _get_event_ordering(self, event_id):
@@ -2197,9 +2197,7 @@ class EventsStore(
         if not res:
             raise SynapseError(404, "Could not find event %s" % (event_id,))
 
-        defer.returnValue(
-            (int(res["topological_ordering"]), int(res["stream_ordering"]))
-        )
+        return (int(res["topological_ordering"]), int(res["stream_ordering"]))
 
     def get_all_updated_current_state_deltas(self, from_token, to_token, limit):
         def get_all_updated_current_state_deltas_txn(txn):
diff --git a/synapse/storage/events_bg_updates.py b/synapse/storage/events_bg_updates.py
index 1ce21d190c..6587f31e2b 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/events_bg_updates.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/events_bg_updates.py
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ class EventsBackgroundUpdatesStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
         if not result:
             yield self._end_background_update(self.EVENT_FIELDS_SENDER_URL_UPDATE_NAME)
 
-        defer.returnValue(result)
+        return result
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _background_reindex_origin_server_ts(self, progress, batch_size):
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ class EventsBackgroundUpdatesStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
         if not result:
             yield self._end_background_update(self.EVENT_ORIGIN_SERVER_TS_NAME)
 
-        defer.returnValue(result)
+        return result
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _cleanup_extremities_bg_update(self, progress, batch_size):
@@ -396,4 +396,4 @@ class EventsBackgroundUpdatesStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
                 "_cleanup_extremities_bg_update_drop_table", _drop_table_txn
             )
 
-        defer.returnValue(num_handled)
+        return num_handled
diff --git a/synapse/storage/events_worker.py b/synapse/storage/events_worker.py
index 858fc755a1..44441957db 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/events_worker.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/events_worker.py
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ class EventsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         if event is None and not allow_none:
             raise NotFoundError("Could not find event %s" % (event_id,))
 
-        defer.returnValue(event)
+        return event
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_events(
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ class EventsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             allow_rejected=allow_rejected,
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue({e.event_id: e for e in events})
+        return {e.event_id: e for e in events}
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_events_as_list(
@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ class EventsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         """
 
         if not event_ids:
-            defer.returnValue([])
+            return []
 
         # there may be duplicates so we cast the list to a set
         event_entry_map = yield self._get_events_from_cache_or_db(
@@ -305,7 +305,7 @@ class EventsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                         event.unsigned["prev_content"] = prev.content
                         event.unsigned["prev_sender"] = prev.sender
 
-        defer.returnValue(events)
+        return events
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _get_events_from_cache_or_db(self, event_ids, allow_rejected=False):
@@ -452,7 +452,7 @@ class EventsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         without having to create a new transaction for each request for events.
         """
         if not events:
-            defer.returnValue({})
+            return {}
 
         events_d = defer.Deferred()
         with self._event_fetch_lock:
@@ -496,7 +496,7 @@ class EventsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             )
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue({e.event.event_id: e for e in res if e})
+        return {e.event.event_id: e for e in res if e}
 
     def _fetch_event_rows(self, txn, event_ids):
         """Fetch event rows from the database
@@ -609,7 +609,7 @@ class EventsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
             self._get_event_cache.prefill((original_ev.event_id,), cache_entry)
 
-        defer.returnValue(cache_entry)
+        return cache_entry
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _maybe_redact_event_row(self, original_ev, redactions):
@@ -679,7 +679,7 @@ class EventsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             desc="have_events_in_timeline",
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue(set(r["event_id"] for r in rows))
+        return set(r["event_id"] for r in rows)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def have_seen_events(self, event_ids):
@@ -705,7 +705,7 @@ class EventsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         input_iterator = iter(event_ids)
         for chunk in iter(lambda: list(itertools.islice(input_iterator, 100)), []):
             yield self.runInteraction("have_seen_events", have_seen_events_txn, chunk)
-        defer.returnValue(results)
+        return results
 
     def get_seen_events_with_rejections(self, event_ids):
         """Given a list of event ids, check if we rejected them.
@@ -816,4 +816,4 @@ class EventsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         # it.
         complexity_v1 = round(state_events / 500, 2)
 
-        defer.returnValue({"v1": complexity_v1})
+        return {"v1": complexity_v1}
diff --git a/synapse/storage/filtering.py b/synapse/storage/filtering.py
index b195dc66a0..23b48f6cea 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/filtering.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/filtering.py
@@ -15,8 +15,6 @@
 
 from canonicaljson import encode_canonical_json
 
-from twisted.internet import defer
-
 from synapse.api.errors import Codes, SynapseError
 from synapse.util.caches.descriptors import cachedInlineCallbacks
 
@@ -41,7 +39,7 @@ class FilteringStore(SQLBaseStore):
             desc="get_user_filter",
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue(db_to_json(def_json))
+        return db_to_json(def_json)
 
     def add_user_filter(self, user_localpart, user_filter):
         def_json = encode_canonical_json(user_filter)
diff --git a/synapse/storage/group_server.py b/synapse/storage/group_server.py
index 73e6fc6de2..15b01c6958 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/group_server.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/group_server.py
@@ -307,15 +307,13 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             desc="get_group_categories",
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue(
-            {
-                row["category_id"]: {
-                    "is_public": row["is_public"],
-                    "profile": json.loads(row["profile"]),
-                }
-                for row in rows
+        return {
+            row["category_id"]: {
+                "is_public": row["is_public"],
+                "profile": json.loads(row["profile"]),
             }
-        )
+            for row in rows
+        }
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_group_category(self, group_id, category_id):
@@ -328,7 +326,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
         category["profile"] = json.loads(category["profile"])
 
-        defer.returnValue(category)
+        return category
 
     def upsert_group_category(self, group_id, category_id, profile, is_public):
         """Add/update room category for group
@@ -370,15 +368,13 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             desc="get_group_roles",
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue(
-            {
-                row["role_id"]: {
-                    "is_public": row["is_public"],
-                    "profile": json.loads(row["profile"]),
-                }
-                for row in rows
+        return {
+            row["role_id"]: {
+                "is_public": row["is_public"],
+                "profile": json.loads(row["profile"]),
             }
-        )
+            for row in rows
+        }
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_group_role(self, group_id, role_id):
@@ -391,7 +387,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
         role["profile"] = json.loads(role["profile"])
 
-        defer.returnValue(role)
+        return role
 
     def upsert_group_role(self, group_id, role_id, profile, is_public):
         """Add/remove user role
@@ -960,7 +956,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 _register_user_group_membership_txn,
                 next_id,
             )
-        defer.returnValue(res)
+        return res
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def create_group(
@@ -1057,9 +1053,9 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
         now = int(self._clock.time_msec())
         if row and now < row["valid_until_ms"]:
-            defer.returnValue(json.loads(row["attestation_json"]))
+            return json.loads(row["attestation_json"])
 
-        defer.returnValue(None)
+        return None
 
     def get_joined_groups(self, user_id):
         return self._simple_select_onecol(
diff --git a/synapse/storage/monthly_active_users.py b/synapse/storage/monthly_active_users.py
index 081564360f..752e9788a2 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/monthly_active_users.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/monthly_active_users.py
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ class MonthlyActiveUsersStore(SQLBaseStore):
             )
             if user_id:
                 count = count + 1
-        defer.returnValue(count)
+        return count
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def upsert_monthly_active_user(self, user_id):
diff --git a/synapse/storage/presence.py b/synapse/storage/presence.py
index 42ec8c6bb8..1a0f2d5768 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/presence.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/presence.py
@@ -90,9 +90,7 @@ class PresenceStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 presence_states,
             )
 
-        defer.returnValue(
-            (stream_orderings[-1], self._presence_id_gen.get_current_token())
-        )
+        return (stream_orderings[-1], self._presence_id_gen.get_current_token())
 
     def _update_presence_txn(self, txn, stream_orderings, presence_states):
         for stream_id, state in zip(stream_orderings, presence_states):
@@ -180,7 +178,7 @@ class PresenceStore(SQLBaseStore):
         for row in rows:
             row["currently_active"] = bool(row["currently_active"])
 
-        defer.returnValue({row["user_id"]: UserPresenceState(**row) for row in rows})
+        return {row["user_id"]: UserPresenceState(**row) for row in rows}
 
     def get_current_presence_token(self):
         return self._presence_id_gen.get_current_token()
diff --git a/synapse/storage/profile.py b/synapse/storage/profile.py
index 0ff392bdb4..8a5d8e9b18 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/profile.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/profile.py
@@ -34,15 +34,13 @@ class ProfileWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         except StoreError as e:
             if e.code == 404:
                 # no match
-                defer.returnValue(ProfileInfo(None, None))
+                return ProfileInfo(None, None)
                 return
             else:
                 raise
 
-        defer.returnValue(
-            ProfileInfo(
-                avatar_url=profile["avatar_url"], display_name=profile["displayname"]
-            )
+        return ProfileInfo(
+            avatar_url=profile["avatar_url"], display_name=profile["displayname"]
         )
 
     def get_profile_displayname(self, user_localpart):
@@ -168,7 +166,7 @@ class ProfileStore(ProfileWorkerStore):
         )
 
         if res:
-            defer.returnValue(True)
+            return True
 
         res = yield self._simple_select_one_onecol(
             table="group_invites",
@@ -179,4 +177,4 @@ class ProfileStore(ProfileWorkerStore):
         )
 
         if res:
-            defer.returnValue(True)
+            return True
diff --git a/synapse/storage/push_rule.py b/synapse/storage/push_rule.py
index 98cec8c82b..a6517c4cf3 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/push_rule.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/push_rule.py
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ class PushRulesWorkerStore(
 
         rules = _load_rules(rows, enabled_map)
 
-        defer.returnValue(rules)
+        return rules
 
     @cachedInlineCallbacks(max_entries=5000)
     def get_push_rules_enabled_for_user(self, user_id):
@@ -130,9 +130,7 @@ class PushRulesWorkerStore(
             retcols=("user_name", "rule_id", "enabled"),
             desc="get_push_rules_enabled_for_user",
         )
-        defer.returnValue(
-            {r["rule_id"]: False if r["enabled"] == 0 else True for r in results}
-        )
+        return {r["rule_id"]: False if r["enabled"] == 0 else True for r in results}
 
     def have_push_rules_changed_for_user(self, user_id, last_id):
         if not self.push_rules_stream_cache.has_entity_changed(user_id, last_id):
@@ -160,7 +158,7 @@ class PushRulesWorkerStore(
     )
     def bulk_get_push_rules(self, user_ids):
         if not user_ids:
-            defer.returnValue({})
+            return {}
 
         results = {user_id: [] for user_id in user_ids}
 
@@ -182,7 +180,7 @@ class PushRulesWorkerStore(
         for user_id, rules in results.items():
             results[user_id] = _load_rules(rules, enabled_map_by_user.get(user_id, {}))
 
-        defer.returnValue(results)
+        return results
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def move_push_rule_from_room_to_room(self, new_room_id, user_id, rule):
@@ -253,7 +251,7 @@ class PushRulesWorkerStore(
         result = yield self._bulk_get_push_rules_for_room(
             event.room_id, state_group, current_state_ids, event=event
         )
-        defer.returnValue(result)
+        return result
 
     @cachedInlineCallbacks(num_args=2, cache_context=True)
     def _bulk_get_push_rules_for_room(
@@ -312,7 +310,7 @@ class PushRulesWorkerStore(
 
         rules_by_user = {k: v for k, v in rules_by_user.items() if v is not None}
 
-        defer.returnValue(rules_by_user)
+        return rules_by_user
 
     @cachedList(
         cached_method_name="get_push_rules_enabled_for_user",
@@ -322,7 +320,7 @@ class PushRulesWorkerStore(
     )
     def bulk_get_push_rules_enabled(self, user_ids):
         if not user_ids:
-            defer.returnValue({})
+            return {}
 
         results = {user_id: {} for user_id in user_ids}
 
@@ -336,7 +334,7 @@ class PushRulesWorkerStore(
         for row in rows:
             enabled = bool(row["enabled"])
             results.setdefault(row["user_name"], {})[row["rule_id"]] = enabled
-        defer.returnValue(results)
+        return results
 
 
 class PushRuleStore(PushRulesWorkerStore):
diff --git a/synapse/storage/pusher.py b/synapse/storage/pusher.py
index cfe0a94330..be3d4d9ded 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/pusher.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/pusher.py
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ class PusherWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         ret = yield self._simple_select_one_onecol(
             "pushers", {"user_name": user_id}, "id", allow_none=True
         )
-        defer.returnValue(ret is not None)
+        return ret is not None
 
     def get_pushers_by_app_id_and_pushkey(self, app_id, pushkey):
         return self.get_pushers_by({"app_id": app_id, "pushkey": pushkey})
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ class PusherWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             ],
             desc="get_pushers_by",
         )
-        defer.returnValue(self._decode_pushers_rows(ret))
+        return self._decode_pushers_rows(ret)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_all_pushers(self):
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ class PusherWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             return self._decode_pushers_rows(rows)
 
         rows = yield self.runInteraction("get_all_pushers", get_pushers)
-        defer.returnValue(rows)
+        return rows
 
     def get_all_updated_pushers(self, last_id, current_id, limit):
         if last_id == current_id:
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ class PusherWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         result = {user_id: False for user_id in user_ids}
         result.update({r["user_name"]: True for r in rows})
 
-        defer.returnValue(result)
+        return result
 
 
 class PusherStore(PusherWorkerStore):
@@ -343,7 +343,7 @@ class PusherStore(PusherWorkerStore):
                 "throttle_ms": row["throttle_ms"],
             }
 
-        defer.returnValue(params_by_room)
+        return params_by_room
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def set_throttle_params(self, pusher_id, room_id, params):
diff --git a/synapse/storage/receipts.py b/synapse/storage/receipts.py
index b477da12b1..6aa6d98ebb 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/receipts.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/receipts.py
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ class ReceiptsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
     @cachedInlineCallbacks()
     def get_users_with_read_receipts_in_room(self, room_id):
         receipts = yield self.get_receipts_for_room(room_id, "m.read")
-        defer.returnValue(set(r["user_id"] for r in receipts))
+        return set(r["user_id"] for r in receipts)
 
     @cached(num_args=2)
     def get_receipts_for_room(self, room_id, receipt_type):
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ class ReceiptsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             desc="get_receipts_for_user",
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue({row["room_id"]: row["event_id"] for row in rows})
+        return {row["room_id"]: row["event_id"] for row in rows}
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_receipts_for_user_with_orderings(self, user_id, receipt_type):
@@ -110,16 +110,14 @@ class ReceiptsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             return txn.fetchall()
 
         rows = yield self.runInteraction("get_receipts_for_user_with_orderings", f)
-        defer.returnValue(
-            {
-                row[0]: {
-                    "event_id": row[1],
-                    "topological_ordering": row[2],
-                    "stream_ordering": row[3],
-                }
-                for row in rows
+        return {
+            row[0]: {
+                "event_id": row[1],
+                "topological_ordering": row[2],
+                "stream_ordering": row[3],
             }
-        )
+            for row in rows
+        }
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_linearized_receipts_for_rooms(self, room_ids, to_key, from_key=None):
@@ -147,7 +145,7 @@ class ReceiptsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             room_ids, to_key, from_key=from_key
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue([ev for res in results.values() for ev in res])
+        return [ev for res in results.values() for ev in res]
 
     def get_linearized_receipts_for_room(self, room_id, to_key, from_key=None):
         """Get receipts for a single room for sending to clients.
@@ -197,7 +195,7 @@ class ReceiptsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         rows = yield self.runInteraction("get_linearized_receipts_for_room", f)
 
         if not rows:
-            defer.returnValue([])
+            return []
 
         content = {}
         for row in rows:
@@ -205,9 +203,7 @@ class ReceiptsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 row["user_id"]
             ] = json.loads(row["data"])
 
-        defer.returnValue(
-            [{"type": "m.receipt", "room_id": room_id, "content": content}]
-        )
+        return [{"type": "m.receipt", "room_id": room_id, "content": content}]
 
     @cachedList(
         cached_method_name="_get_linearized_receipts_for_room",
@@ -217,7 +213,7 @@ class ReceiptsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
     )
     def _get_linearized_receipts_for_rooms(self, room_ids, to_key, from_key=None):
         if not room_ids:
-            defer.returnValue({})
+            return {}
 
         def f(txn):
             if from_key:
@@ -264,7 +260,7 @@ class ReceiptsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             room_id: [results[room_id]] if room_id in results else []
             for room_id in room_ids
         }
-        defer.returnValue(results)
+        return results
 
     def get_all_updated_receipts(self, last_id, current_id, limit=None):
         if last_id == current_id:
@@ -468,7 +464,7 @@ class ReceiptsStore(ReceiptsWorkerStore):
             )
 
         if event_ts is None:
-            defer.returnValue(None)
+            return None
 
         now = self._clock.time_msec()
         logger.debug(
@@ -482,7 +478,7 @@ class ReceiptsStore(ReceiptsWorkerStore):
 
         max_persisted_id = self._receipts_id_gen.get_current_token()
 
-        defer.returnValue((stream_id, max_persisted_id))
+        return (stream_id, max_persisted_id)
 
     def insert_graph_receipt(self, room_id, receipt_type, user_id, event_ids, data):
         return self.runInteraction(
diff --git a/synapse/storage/registration.py b/synapse/storage/registration.py
index 8b2c2a97ab..999c10a308 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/registration.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/registration.py
@@ -75,12 +75,12 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
         info = yield self.get_user_by_id(user_id)
         if not info:
-            defer.returnValue(False)
+            return False
 
         now = self.clock.time_msec()
         trial_duration_ms = self.config.mau_trial_days * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000
         is_trial = (now - info["creation_ts"] * 1000) < trial_duration_ms
-        defer.returnValue(is_trial)
+        return is_trial
 
     @cached()
     def get_user_by_access_token(self, token):
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             allow_none=True,
             desc="get_expiration_ts_for_user",
         )
-        defer.returnValue(res)
+        return res
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def set_account_validity_for_user(
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             desc="get_user_from_renewal_token",
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue(res)
+        return res
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_renewal_token_for_user(self, user_id):
@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             desc="get_renewal_token_for_user",
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue(res)
+        return res
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_users_expiring_soon(self):
@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             self.config.account_validity.renew_at,
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue(res)
+        return res
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def set_renewal_mail_status(self, user_id, email_sent):
@@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             desc="is_server_admin",
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue(res if res else False)
+        return res if res else False
 
     def _query_for_auth(self, txn, token):
         sql = (
@@ -311,7 +311,7 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         res = yield self.runInteraction(
             "is_support_user", self.is_support_user_txn, user_id
         )
-        defer.returnValue(res)
+        return res
 
     def is_support_user_txn(self, txn, user_id):
         res = self._simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
@@ -349,7 +349,7 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             return 0
 
         ret = yield self.runInteraction("count_users", _count_users)
-        defer.returnValue(ret)
+        return ret
 
     def count_daily_user_type(self):
         """
@@ -395,7 +395,7 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             return count
 
         ret = yield self.runInteraction("count_users", _count_users)
-        defer.returnValue(ret)
+        return ret
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def find_next_generated_user_id_localpart(self):
@@ -425,7 +425,7 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 if i not in found:
                     return i
 
-        defer.returnValue(
+        return (
             (
                 yield self.runInteraction(
                     "find_next_generated_user_id", _find_next_generated_user_id
@@ -447,7 +447,7 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         user_id = yield self.runInteraction(
             "get_user_id_by_threepid", self.get_user_id_by_threepid_txn, medium, address
         )
-        defer.returnValue(user_id)
+        return user_id
 
     def get_user_id_by_threepid_txn(self, txn, medium, address):
         """Returns user id from threepid
@@ -487,7 +487,7 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             ["medium", "address", "validated_at", "added_at"],
             "user_get_threepids",
         )
-        defer.returnValue(ret)
+        return ret
 
     def user_delete_threepid(self, user_id, medium, address):
         return self._simple_delete(
@@ -677,7 +677,7 @@ class RegistrationStore(
         if end:
             yield self._end_background_update("users_set_deactivated_flag")
 
-        defer.returnValue(batch_size)
+        return batch_size
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def add_access_token_to_user(self, user_id, token, device_id, valid_until_ms):
@@ -957,7 +957,7 @@ class RegistrationStore(
             desc="is_guest",
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue(res if res else False)
+        return res if res else False
 
     def add_user_pending_deactivation(self, user_id):
         """
@@ -1024,7 +1024,7 @@ class RegistrationStore(
 
         yield self._end_background_update("user_threepids_grandfather")
 
-        defer.returnValue(1)
+        return 1
 
     def get_threepid_validation_session(
         self, medium, client_secret, address=None, sid=None, validated=True
@@ -1337,4 +1337,4 @@ class RegistrationStore(
         )
 
         # Convert the integer into a boolean.
-        defer.returnValue(res == 1)
+        return res == 1
diff --git a/synapse/storage/relations.py b/synapse/storage/relations.py
index 9954bc094f..fcb5f2f23a 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/relations.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/relations.py
@@ -17,8 +17,6 @@ import logging
 
 import attr
 
-from twisted.internet import defer
-
 from synapse.api.constants import RelationTypes
 from synapse.api.errors import SynapseError
 from synapse.storage._base import SQLBaseStore
@@ -363,7 +361,7 @@ class RelationsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             return
 
         edit_event = yield self.get_event(edit_id, allow_none=True)
-        defer.returnValue(edit_event)
+        return edit_event
 
     def has_user_annotated_event(self, parent_id, event_type, aggregation_key, sender):
         """Check if a user has already annotated an event with the same key
diff --git a/synapse/storage/room.py b/synapse/storage/room.py
index fe9d79d792..bc606292b8 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/room.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/room.py
@@ -193,14 +193,12 @@ class RoomWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         )
 
         if row:
-            defer.returnValue(
-                RatelimitOverride(
-                    messages_per_second=row["messages_per_second"],
-                    burst_count=row["burst_count"],
-                )
+            return RatelimitOverride(
+                messages_per_second=row["messages_per_second"],
+                burst_count=row["burst_count"],
             )
         else:
-            defer.returnValue(None)
+            return None
 
 
 class RoomStore(RoomWorkerStore, SearchStore):
diff --git a/synapse/storage/roommember.py b/synapse/storage/roommember.py
index b3c002b9eb..cb88e49b51 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/roommember.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/roommember.py
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ class RoomMemberWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore):
             room_id, on_invalidate=cache_context.invalidate
         )
         hosts = frozenset(get_domain_from_id(user_id) for user_id in user_ids)
-        defer.returnValue(hosts)
+        return hosts
 
     @cached(max_entries=100000, iterable=True)
     def get_users_in_room(self, room_id):
@@ -253,8 +253,8 @@ class RoomMemberWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore):
         invites = yield self.get_invited_rooms_for_user(user_id)
         for invite in invites:
             if invite.room_id == room_id:
-                defer.returnValue(invite)
-        defer.returnValue(None)
+                return invite
+        return None
 
     def get_rooms_for_user_where_membership_is(self, user_id, membership_list):
         """ Get all the rooms for this user where the membership for this user
@@ -347,11 +347,9 @@ class RoomMemberWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore):
         rooms = yield self.get_rooms_for_user_where_membership_is(
             user_id, membership_list=[Membership.JOIN]
         )
-        defer.returnValue(
-            frozenset(
-                GetRoomsForUserWithStreamOrdering(r.room_id, r.stream_ordering)
-                for r in rooms
-            )
+        return frozenset(
+            GetRoomsForUserWithStreamOrdering(r.room_id, r.stream_ordering)
+            for r in rooms
         )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -361,7 +359,7 @@ class RoomMemberWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore):
         rooms = yield self.get_rooms_for_user_with_stream_ordering(
             user_id, on_invalidate=on_invalidate
         )
-        defer.returnValue(frozenset(r.room_id for r in rooms))
+        return frozenset(r.room_id for r in rooms)
 
     @cachedInlineCallbacks(max_entries=500000, cache_context=True, iterable=True)
     def get_users_who_share_room_with_user(self, user_id, cache_context):
@@ -378,7 +376,7 @@ class RoomMemberWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore):
             )
             user_who_share_room.update(user_ids)
 
-        defer.returnValue(user_who_share_room)
+        return user_who_share_room
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_joined_users_from_context(self, event, context):
@@ -394,7 +392,7 @@ class RoomMemberWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore):
         result = yield self._get_joined_users_from_context(
             event.room_id, state_group, current_state_ids, event=event, context=context
         )
-        defer.returnValue(result)
+        return result
 
     def get_joined_users_from_state(self, room_id, state_entry):
         state_group = state_entry.state_group
@@ -508,7 +506,7 @@ class RoomMemberWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore):
                         avatar_url=to_ascii(event.content.get("avatar_url", None)),
                     )
 
-        defer.returnValue(users_in_room)
+        return users_in_room
 
     @cachedInlineCallbacks(max_entries=10000)
     def is_host_joined(self, room_id, host):
@@ -533,14 +531,14 @@ class RoomMemberWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore):
         rows = yield self._execute("is_host_joined", None, sql, room_id, like_clause)
 
         if not rows:
-            defer.returnValue(False)
+            return False
 
         user_id = rows[0][0]
         if get_domain_from_id(user_id) != host:
             # This can only happen if the host name has something funky in it
             raise Exception("Invalid host name")
 
-        defer.returnValue(True)
+        return True
 
     @cachedInlineCallbacks()
     def was_host_joined(self, room_id, host):
@@ -573,14 +571,14 @@ class RoomMemberWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore):
         rows = yield self._execute("was_host_joined", None, sql, room_id, like_clause)
 
         if not rows:
-            defer.returnValue(False)
+            return False
 
         user_id = rows[0][0]
         if get_domain_from_id(user_id) != host:
             # This can only happen if the host name has something funky in it
             raise Exception("Invalid host name")
 
-        defer.returnValue(True)
+        return True
 
     def get_joined_hosts(self, room_id, state_entry):
         state_group = state_entry.state_group
@@ -607,7 +605,7 @@ class RoomMemberWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore):
         cache = self._get_joined_hosts_cache(room_id)
         joined_hosts = yield cache.get_destinations(state_entry)
 
-        defer.returnValue(joined_hosts)
+        return joined_hosts
 
     @cached(max_entries=10000)
     def _get_joined_hosts_cache(self, room_id):
@@ -637,7 +635,7 @@ class RoomMemberWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore):
             return rows[0][0]
 
         count = yield self.runInteraction("did_forget_membership", f)
-        defer.returnValue(count == 0)
+        return count == 0
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_rooms_user_has_been_in(self, user_id):
@@ -847,7 +845,7 @@ class RoomMemberStore(RoomMemberWorkerStore):
         if not result:
             yield self._end_background_update(_MEMBERSHIP_PROFILE_UPDATE_NAME)
 
-        defer.returnValue(result)
+        return result
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _background_current_state_membership(self, progress, batch_size):
@@ -905,7 +903,7 @@ class RoomMemberStore(RoomMemberWorkerStore):
         if finished:
             yield self._end_background_update(_CURRENT_STATE_MEMBERSHIP_UPDATE_NAME)
 
-        defer.returnValue(row_count)
+        return row_count
 
 
 class _JoinedHostsCache(object):
@@ -933,7 +931,7 @@ class _JoinedHostsCache(object):
             state_entry(synapse.state._StateCacheEntry)
         """
         if state_entry.state_group == self.state_group:
-            defer.returnValue(frozenset(self.hosts_to_joined_users))
+            return frozenset(self.hosts_to_joined_users)
 
         with (yield self.linearizer.queue(())):
             if state_entry.state_group == self.state_group:
@@ -970,7 +968,7 @@ class _JoinedHostsCache(object):
             else:
                 self.state_group = object()
             self._len = sum(len(v) for v in itervalues(self.hosts_to_joined_users))
-        defer.returnValue(frozenset(self.hosts_to_joined_users))
+        return frozenset(self.hosts_to_joined_users)
 
     def __len__(self):
         return self._len
diff --git a/synapse/storage/search.py b/synapse/storage/search.py
index f3b1cec933..df87ab6a6d 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/search.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/search.py
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ class SearchStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
         if not result:
             yield self._end_background_update(self.EVENT_SEARCH_UPDATE_NAME)
 
-        defer.returnValue(result)
+        return result
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _background_reindex_gin_search(self, progress, batch_size):
@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ class SearchStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
             yield self.runWithConnection(create_index)
 
         yield self._end_background_update(self.EVENT_SEARCH_USE_GIN_POSTGRES_NAME)
-        defer.returnValue(1)
+        return 1
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _background_reindex_search_order(self, progress, batch_size):
@@ -287,7 +287,7 @@ class SearchStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
         if not finished:
             yield self._end_background_update(self.EVENT_SEARCH_ORDER_UPDATE_NAME)
 
-        defer.returnValue(num_rows)
+        return num_rows
 
     def store_event_search_txn(self, txn, event, key, value):
         """Add event to the search table
@@ -454,17 +454,15 @@ class SearchStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
 
         count = sum(row["count"] for row in count_results if row["room_id"] in room_ids)
 
-        defer.returnValue(
-            {
-                "results": [
-                    {"event": event_map[r["event_id"]], "rank": r["rank"]}
-                    for r in results
-                    if r["event_id"] in event_map
-                ],
-                "highlights": highlights,
-                "count": count,
-            }
-        )
+        return {
+            "results": [
+                {"event": event_map[r["event_id"]], "rank": r["rank"]}
+                for r in results
+                if r["event_id"] in event_map
+            ],
+            "highlights": highlights,
+            "count": count,
+        }
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def search_rooms(self, room_ids, search_term, keys, limit, pagination_token=None):
@@ -599,22 +597,20 @@ class SearchStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
 
         count = sum(row["count"] for row in count_results if row["room_id"] in room_ids)
 
-        defer.returnValue(
-            {
-                "results": [
-                    {
-                        "event": event_map[r["event_id"]],
-                        "rank": r["rank"],
-                        "pagination_token": "%s,%s"
-                        % (r["origin_server_ts"], r["stream_ordering"]),
-                    }
-                    for r in results
-                    if r["event_id"] in event_map
-                ],
-                "highlights": highlights,
-                "count": count,
-            }
-        )
+        return {
+            "results": [
+                {
+                    "event": event_map[r["event_id"]],
+                    "rank": r["rank"],
+                    "pagination_token": "%s,%s"
+                    % (r["origin_server_ts"], r["stream_ordering"]),
+                }
+                for r in results
+                if r["event_id"] in event_map
+            ],
+            "highlights": highlights,
+            "count": count,
+        }
 
     def _find_highlights_in_postgres(self, search_query, events):
         """Given a list of events and a search term, return a list of words
diff --git a/synapse/storage/signatures.py b/synapse/storage/signatures.py
index 6bd81e84ad..fb83218f90 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/signatures.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/signatures.py
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ class SignatureWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             for e_id, h in hashes.items()
         }
 
-        defer.returnValue(list(hashes.items()))
+        return list(hashes.items())
 
     def _get_event_reference_hashes_txn(self, txn, event_id):
         """Get all the hashes for a given PDU.
diff --git a/synapse/storage/state.py b/synapse/storage/state.py
index a35289876d..1980a87108 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/state.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/state.py
@@ -422,7 +422,7 @@ class StateGroupWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
 
         # Retrieve the room's create event
         create_event = yield self.get_create_event_for_room(room_id)
-        defer.returnValue(create_event.content.get("room_version", "1"))
+        return create_event.content.get("room_version", "1")
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_room_predecessor(self, room_id):
@@ -442,7 +442,7 @@ class StateGroupWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
         create_event = yield self.get_create_event_for_room(room_id)
 
         # Return predecessor if present
-        defer.returnValue(create_event.content.get("predecessor", None))
+        return create_event.content.get("predecessor", None)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_create_event_for_room(self, room_id):
@@ -466,7 +466,7 @@ class StateGroupWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
 
         # Retrieve the room's create event and return
         create_event = yield self.get_event(create_id)
-        defer.returnValue(create_event)
+        return create_event
 
     @cached(max_entries=100000, iterable=True)
     def get_current_state_ids(self, room_id):
@@ -563,7 +563,7 @@ class StateGroupWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
         if not event:
             return
 
-        defer.returnValue(event.content.get("canonical_alias"))
+        return event.content.get("canonical_alias")
 
     @cached(max_entries=10000, iterable=True)
     def get_state_group_delta(self, state_group):
@@ -613,14 +613,14 @@ class StateGroupWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
                 dict of state_group_id -> (dict of (type, state_key) -> event id)
         """
         if not event_ids:
-            defer.returnValue({})
+            return {}
 
         event_to_groups = yield self._get_state_group_for_events(event_ids)
 
         groups = set(itervalues(event_to_groups))
         group_to_state = yield self._get_state_for_groups(groups)
 
-        defer.returnValue(group_to_state)
+        return group_to_state
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_state_ids_for_group(self, state_group):
@@ -634,7 +634,7 @@ class StateGroupWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
         """
         group_to_state = yield self._get_state_for_groups((state_group,))
 
-        defer.returnValue(group_to_state[state_group])
+        return group_to_state[state_group]
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_state_groups(self, room_id, event_ids):
@@ -645,7 +645,7 @@ class StateGroupWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
                 dict of state_group_id -> list of state events.
         """
         if not event_ids:
-            defer.returnValue({})
+            return {}
 
         group_to_ids = yield self.get_state_groups_ids(room_id, event_ids)
 
@@ -658,16 +658,14 @@ class StateGroupWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
             get_prev_content=False,
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue(
-            {
-                group: [
-                    state_event_map[v]
-                    for v in itervalues(event_id_map)
-                    if v in state_event_map
-                ]
-                for group, event_id_map in iteritems(group_to_ids)
-            }
-        )
+        return {
+            group: [
+                state_event_map[v]
+                for v in itervalues(event_id_map)
+                if v in state_event_map
+            ]
+            for group, event_id_map in iteritems(group_to_ids)
+        }
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _get_state_groups_from_groups(self, groups, state_filter):
@@ -694,7 +692,7 @@ class StateGroupWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
             )
             results.update(res)
 
-        defer.returnValue(results)
+        return results
 
     def _get_state_groups_from_groups_txn(
         self, txn, groups, state_filter=StateFilter.all()
@@ -829,7 +827,7 @@ class StateGroupWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
             for event_id, group in iteritems(event_to_groups)
         }
 
-        defer.returnValue({event: event_to_state[event] for event in event_ids})
+        return {event: event_to_state[event] for event in event_ids}
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_state_ids_for_events(self, event_ids, state_filter=StateFilter.all()):
@@ -855,7 +853,7 @@ class StateGroupWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
             for event_id, group in iteritems(event_to_groups)
         }
 
-        defer.returnValue({event: event_to_state[event] for event in event_ids})
+        return {event: event_to_state[event] for event in event_ids}
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_state_for_event(self, event_id, state_filter=StateFilter.all()):
@@ -871,7 +869,7 @@ class StateGroupWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
             A deferred dict from (type, state_key) -> state_event
         """
         state_map = yield self.get_state_for_events([event_id], state_filter)
-        defer.returnValue(state_map[event_id])
+        return state_map[event_id]
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_state_ids_for_event(self, event_id, state_filter=StateFilter.all()):
@@ -887,7 +885,7 @@ class StateGroupWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
             A deferred dict from (type, state_key) -> state_event
         """
         state_map = yield self.get_state_ids_for_events([event_id], state_filter)
-        defer.returnValue(state_map[event_id])
+        return state_map[event_id]
 
     @cached(max_entries=50000)
     def _get_state_group_for_event(self, event_id):
@@ -917,7 +915,7 @@ class StateGroupWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
             desc="_get_state_group_for_events",
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue({row["event_id"]: row["state_group"] for row in rows})
+        return {row["event_id"]: row["state_group"] for row in rows}
 
     def _get_state_for_group_using_cache(self, cache, group, state_filter):
         """Checks if group is in cache. See `_get_state_for_groups`
@@ -997,7 +995,7 @@ class StateGroupWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
         incomplete_groups = incomplete_groups_m | incomplete_groups_nm
 
         if not incomplete_groups:
-            defer.returnValue(state)
+            return state
 
         cache_sequence_nm = self._state_group_cache.sequence
         cache_sequence_m = self._state_group_members_cache.sequence
@@ -1024,7 +1022,7 @@ class StateGroupWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
             # everything we need from the database anyway.
             state[group] = state_filter.filter_state(group_state_dict)
 
-        defer.returnValue(state)
+        return state
 
     def _get_state_for_groups_using_cache(self, groups, cache, state_filter):
         """Gets the state at each of a list of state groups, optionally
@@ -1498,7 +1496,7 @@ class StateStore(StateGroupWorkerStore, BackgroundUpdateStore):
                 self.STATE_GROUP_DEDUPLICATION_UPDATE_NAME
             )
 
-        defer.returnValue(result * BATCH_SIZE_SCALE_FACTOR)
+        return result * BATCH_SIZE_SCALE_FACTOR
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _background_index_state(self, progress, batch_size):
@@ -1528,4 +1526,4 @@ class StateStore(StateGroupWorkerStore, BackgroundUpdateStore):
 
         yield self._end_background_update(self.STATE_GROUP_INDEX_UPDATE_NAME)
 
-        defer.returnValue(1)
+        return 1
diff --git a/synapse/storage/stats.py b/synapse/storage/stats.py
index 1cec84ee2e..e893b05ee7 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/stats.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/stats.py
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ class StatsStore(StateDeltasStore):
 
         if not self.stats_enabled:
             yield self._end_background_update("populate_stats_createtables")
-            defer.returnValue(1)
+            return 1
 
         # Get all the rooms that we want to process.
         def _make_staging_area(txn):
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ class StatsStore(StateDeltasStore):
         self.get_earliest_token_for_room_stats.invalidate_all()
 
         yield self._end_background_update("populate_stats_createtables")
-        defer.returnValue(1)
+        return 1
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _populate_stats_cleanup(self, progress, batch_size):
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ class StatsStore(StateDeltasStore):
         """
         if not self.stats_enabled:
             yield self._end_background_update("populate_stats_cleanup")
-            defer.returnValue(1)
+            return 1
 
         position = yield self._simple_select_one_onecol(
             TEMP_TABLE + "_position", None, "position"
@@ -143,14 +143,14 @@ class StatsStore(StateDeltasStore):
         yield self.runInteraction("populate_stats_cleanup", _delete_staging_area)
 
         yield self._end_background_update("populate_stats_cleanup")
-        defer.returnValue(1)
+        return 1
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _populate_stats_process_rooms(self, progress, batch_size):
 
         if not self.stats_enabled:
             yield self._end_background_update("populate_stats_process_rooms")
-            defer.returnValue(1)
+            return 1
 
         # If we don't have progress filed, delete everything.
         if not progress:
@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ class StatsStore(StateDeltasStore):
         # No more rooms -- complete the transaction.
         if not rooms_to_work_on:
             yield self._end_background_update("populate_stats_process_rooms")
-            defer.returnValue(1)
+            return 1
 
         logger.info(
             "Processing the next %d rooms of %d remaining",
@@ -303,9 +303,9 @@ class StatsStore(StateDeltasStore):
 
             if processed_event_count > batch_size:
                 # Don't process any more rooms, we've hit our batch size.
-                defer.returnValue(processed_event_count)
+                return processed_event_count
 
-        defer.returnValue(processed_event_count)
+        return processed_event_count
 
     def delete_all_stats(self):
         """
diff --git a/synapse/storage/stream.py b/synapse/storage/stream.py
index a0465484df..856c2ee8d8 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/stream.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/stream.py
@@ -300,7 +300,7 @@ class StreamWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
         )
 
         if not room_ids:
-            defer.returnValue({})
+            return {}
 
         results = {}
         room_ids = list(room_ids)
@@ -323,7 +323,7 @@ class StreamWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
             )
             results.update(dict(zip(rm_ids, res)))
 
-        defer.returnValue(results)
+        return results
 
     def get_rooms_that_changed(self, room_ids, from_key):
         """Given a list of rooms and a token, return rooms where there may have
@@ -364,7 +364,7 @@ class StreamWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
             the chunk of events returned.
         """
         if from_key == to_key:
-            defer.returnValue(([], from_key))
+            return ([], from_key)
 
         from_id = RoomStreamToken.parse_stream_token(from_key).stream
         to_id = RoomStreamToken.parse_stream_token(to_key).stream
@@ -374,7 +374,7 @@ class StreamWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
         )
 
         if not has_changed:
-            defer.returnValue(([], from_key))
+            return ([], from_key)
 
         def f(txn):
             sql = (
@@ -407,7 +407,7 @@ class StreamWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
             # get.
             key = from_key
 
-        defer.returnValue((ret, key))
+        return (ret, key)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_membership_changes_for_user(self, user_id, from_key, to_key):
@@ -415,14 +415,14 @@ class StreamWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
         to_id = RoomStreamToken.parse_stream_token(to_key).stream
 
         if from_key == to_key:
-            defer.returnValue([])
+            return []
 
         if from_id:
             has_changed = self._membership_stream_cache.has_entity_changed(
                 user_id, int(from_id)
             )
             if not has_changed:
-                defer.returnValue([])
+                return []
 
         def f(txn):
             sql = (
@@ -447,7 +447,7 @@ class StreamWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
 
         self._set_before_and_after(ret, rows, topo_order=False)
 
-        defer.returnValue(ret)
+        return ret
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_recent_events_for_room(self, room_id, limit, end_token):
@@ -477,7 +477,7 @@ class StreamWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
 
         self._set_before_and_after(events, rows)
 
-        defer.returnValue((events, token))
+        return (events, token)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_recent_event_ids_for_room(self, room_id, limit, end_token):
@@ -496,7 +496,7 @@ class StreamWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
         """
         # Allow a zero limit here, and no-op.
         if limit == 0:
-            defer.returnValue(([], end_token))
+            return ([], end_token)
 
         end_token = RoomStreamToken.parse(end_token)
 
@@ -511,7 +511,7 @@ class StreamWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
         # We want to return the results in ascending order.
         rows.reverse()
 
-        defer.returnValue((rows, token))
+        return (rows, token)
 
     def get_room_event_after_stream_ordering(self, room_id, stream_ordering):
         """Gets details of the first event in a room at or after a stream ordering
@@ -549,12 +549,12 @@ class StreamWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
         """
         token = yield self.get_room_max_stream_ordering()
         if room_id is None:
-            defer.returnValue("s%d" % (token,))
+            return "s%d" % (token,)
         else:
             topo = yield self.runInteraction(
                 "_get_max_topological_txn", self._get_max_topological_txn, room_id
             )
-            defer.returnValue("t%d-%d" % (topo, token))
+            return "t%d-%d" % (topo, token)
 
     def get_stream_token_for_event(self, event_id):
         """The stream token for an event
@@ -674,14 +674,12 @@ class StreamWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
             [e for e in results["after"]["event_ids"]], get_prev_content=True
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue(
-            {
-                "events_before": events_before,
-                "events_after": events_after,
-                "start": results["before"]["token"],
-                "end": results["after"]["token"],
-            }
-        )
+        return {
+            "events_before": events_before,
+            "events_after": events_after,
+            "start": results["before"]["token"],
+            "end": results["after"]["token"],
+        }
 
     def _get_events_around_txn(
         self, txn, room_id, event_id, before_limit, after_limit, event_filter
@@ -785,7 +783,7 @@ class StreamWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
 
         events = yield self.get_events_as_list(event_ids)
 
-        defer.returnValue((upper_bound, events))
+        return (upper_bound, events)
 
     def get_federation_out_pos(self, typ):
         return self._simple_select_one_onecol(
@@ -939,7 +937,7 @@ class StreamWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
 
         self._set_before_and_after(events, rows)
 
-        defer.returnValue((events, token))
+        return (events, token)
 
 
 class StreamStore(StreamWorkerStore):
diff --git a/synapse/storage/tags.py b/synapse/storage/tags.py
index e88f8ea35f..20dd6bd53d 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/tags.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/tags.py
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ class TagsWorkerStore(AccountDataWorkerStore):
             room_id string, tag string and content string.
         """
         if last_id == current_id:
-            defer.returnValue([])
+            return []
 
         def get_all_updated_tags_txn(txn):
             sql = (
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ class TagsWorkerStore(AccountDataWorkerStore):
             )
             results.extend(tags)
 
-        defer.returnValue(results)
+        return results
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_updated_tags(self, user_id, stream_id):
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ class TagsWorkerStore(AccountDataWorkerStore):
             user_id, int(stream_id)
         )
         if not changed:
-            defer.returnValue({})
+            return {}
 
         room_ids = yield self.runInteraction("get_updated_tags", get_updated_tags_txn)
 
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ class TagsWorkerStore(AccountDataWorkerStore):
             for room_id in room_ids:
                 results[room_id] = tags_by_room.get(room_id, {})
 
-        defer.returnValue(results)
+        return results
 
     def get_tags_for_room(self, user_id, room_id):
         """Get all the tags for the given room
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ class TagsStore(TagsWorkerStore):
         self.get_tags_for_user.invalidate((user_id,))
 
         result = self._account_data_id_gen.get_current_token()
-        defer.returnValue(result)
+        return result
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def remove_tag_from_room(self, user_id, room_id, tag):
@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ class TagsStore(TagsWorkerStore):
         self.get_tags_for_user.invalidate((user_id,))
 
         result = self._account_data_id_gen.get_current_token()
-        defer.returnValue(result)
+        return result
 
     def _update_revision_txn(self, txn, user_id, room_id, next_id):
         """Update the latest revision of the tags for the given user and room.
diff --git a/synapse/storage/transactions.py b/synapse/storage/transactions.py
index c585cf6cf7..b3c3bf55bc 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/transactions.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/transactions.py
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ class TransactionStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
         result = self._destination_retry_cache.get(destination, SENTINEL)
         if result is not SENTINEL:
-            defer.returnValue(result)
+            return result
 
         result = yield self.runInteraction(
             "get_destination_retry_timings",
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ class TransactionStore(SQLBaseStore):
         # We don't hugely care about race conditions between getting and
         # invalidating the cache, since we time out fairly quickly anyway.
         self._destination_retry_cache[destination] = result
-        defer.returnValue(result)
+        return result
 
     def _get_destination_retry_timings(self, txn, destination):
         result = self._simple_select_one_txn(
diff --git a/synapse/storage/user_directory.py b/synapse/storage/user_directory.py
index 7fd16fe65e..b5188d9bee 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/user_directory.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/user_directory.py
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ class UserDirectoryStore(StateDeltasStore, BackgroundUpdateStore):
         yield self._simple_insert(TEMP_TABLE + "_position", {"position": new_pos})
 
         yield self._end_background_update("populate_user_directory_createtables")
-        defer.returnValue(1)
+        return 1
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _populate_user_directory_cleanup(self, progress, batch_size):
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ class UserDirectoryStore(StateDeltasStore, BackgroundUpdateStore):
         )
 
         yield self._end_background_update("populate_user_directory_cleanup")
-        defer.returnValue(1)
+        return 1
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _populate_user_directory_process_rooms(self, progress, batch_size):
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ class UserDirectoryStore(StateDeltasStore, BackgroundUpdateStore):
         # No more rooms -- complete the transaction.
         if not rooms_to_work_on:
             yield self._end_background_update("populate_user_directory_process_rooms")
-            defer.returnValue(1)
+            return 1
 
         logger.info(
             "Processing the next %d rooms of %d remaining"
@@ -257,9 +257,9 @@ class UserDirectoryStore(StateDeltasStore, BackgroundUpdateStore):
 
             if processed_event_count > batch_size:
                 # Don't process any more rooms, we've hit our batch size.
-                defer.returnValue(processed_event_count)
+                return processed_event_count
 
-        defer.returnValue(processed_event_count)
+        return processed_event_count
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _populate_user_directory_process_users(self, progress, batch_size):
@@ -268,7 +268,7 @@ class UserDirectoryStore(StateDeltasStore, BackgroundUpdateStore):
         """
         if not self.hs.config.user_directory_search_all_users:
             yield self._end_background_update("populate_user_directory_process_users")
-            defer.returnValue(1)
+            return 1
 
         def _get_next_batch(txn):
             sql = "SELECT user_id FROM %s LIMIT %s" % (
@@ -298,7 +298,7 @@ class UserDirectoryStore(StateDeltasStore, BackgroundUpdateStore):
         # No more users -- complete the transaction.
         if not users_to_work_on:
             yield self._end_background_update("populate_user_directory_process_users")
-            defer.returnValue(1)
+            return 1
 
         logger.info(
             "Processing the next %d users of %d remaining"
@@ -322,7 +322,7 @@ class UserDirectoryStore(StateDeltasStore, BackgroundUpdateStore):
                 progress,
             )
 
-        defer.returnValue(len(users_to_work_on))
+        return len(users_to_work_on)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def is_room_world_readable_or_publicly_joinable(self, room_id):
@@ -344,16 +344,16 @@ class UserDirectoryStore(StateDeltasStore, BackgroundUpdateStore):
             join_rule_ev = yield self.get_event(join_rules_id, allow_none=True)
             if join_rule_ev:
                 if join_rule_ev.content.get("join_rule") == JoinRules.PUBLIC:
-                    defer.returnValue(True)
+                    return True
 
         hist_vis_id = current_state_ids.get((EventTypes.RoomHistoryVisibility, ""))
         if hist_vis_id:
             hist_vis_ev = yield self.get_event(hist_vis_id, allow_none=True)
             if hist_vis_ev:
                 if hist_vis_ev.content.get("history_visibility") == "world_readable":
-                    defer.returnValue(True)
+                    return True
 
-        defer.returnValue(False)
+        return False
 
     def update_profile_in_user_dir(self, user_id, display_name, avatar_url):
         """
@@ -499,7 +499,7 @@ class UserDirectoryStore(StateDeltasStore, BackgroundUpdateStore):
         user_ids = set(user_ids_share_pub)
         user_ids.update(user_ids_share_priv)
 
-        defer.returnValue(user_ids)
+        return user_ids
 
     def add_users_who_share_private_room(self, room_id, user_id_tuples):
         """Insert entries into the users_who_share_private_rooms table. The first
@@ -609,7 +609,7 @@ class UserDirectoryStore(StateDeltasStore, BackgroundUpdateStore):
 
         users = set(pub_rows)
         users.update(rows)
-        defer.returnValue(list(users))
+        return list(users)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_rooms_in_common_for_users(self, user_id, other_user_id):
@@ -635,7 +635,7 @@ class UserDirectoryStore(StateDeltasStore, BackgroundUpdateStore):
             "get_rooms_in_common_for_users", None, sql, user_id, other_user_id
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue([room_id for room_id, in rows])
+        return [room_id for room_id, in rows]
 
     def delete_all_from_user_dir(self):
         """Delete the entire user directory
@@ -782,7 +782,7 @@ class UserDirectoryStore(StateDeltasStore, BackgroundUpdateStore):
 
         limited = len(results) > limit
 
-        defer.returnValue({"limited": limited, "results": results})
+        return {"limited": limited, "results": results}
 
 
 def _parse_query_sqlite(search_term):
diff --git a/synapse/storage/user_erasure_store.py b/synapse/storage/user_erasure_store.py
index 1815fdc0dd..05cabc2282 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/user_erasure_store.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/user_erasure_store.py
@@ -12,9 +12,8 @@
 # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
-import operator
 
-from twisted.internet import defer
+import operator
 
 from synapse.storage._base import SQLBaseStore
 from synapse.util.caches.descriptors import cached, cachedList
@@ -67,7 +66,7 @@ class UserErasureWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
         erased_users = yield self.runInteraction("are_users_erased", _get_erased_users)
         res = dict((u, u in erased_users) for u in user_ids)
-        defer.returnValue(res)
+        return res
 
 
 class UserErasureStore(UserErasureWorkerStore):
diff --git a/synapse/streams/events.py b/synapse/streams/events.py
index 488c49747a..b91fb2db7b 100644
--- a/synapse/streams/events.py
+++ b/synapse/streams/events.py
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ class EventSources(object):
             device_list_key=device_list_key,
             groups_key=groups_key,
         )
-        defer.returnValue(token)
+        return token
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_current_token_for_pagination(self):
@@ -80,4 +80,4 @@ class EventSources(object):
             device_list_key=0,
             groups_key=0,
         )
-        defer.returnValue(token)
+        return token
diff --git a/synapse/util/__init__.py b/synapse/util/__init__.py
index f506b2a695..841625a991 100644
--- a/synapse/util/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/util/__init__.py
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ class Clock(object):
         with context.PreserveLoggingContext():
             self._reactor.callLater(seconds, d.callback, seconds)
             res = yield d
-        defer.returnValue(res)
+        return res
 
     def time(self):
         """Returns the current system time in seconds since epoch."""
diff --git a/synapse/util/async_helpers.py b/synapse/util/async_helpers.py
index 58a6b8764f..f1c46836b1 100644
--- a/synapse/util/async_helpers.py
+++ b/synapse/util/async_helpers.py
@@ -366,7 +366,7 @@ class ReadWriteLock(object):
                 new_defer.callback(None)
                 self.key_to_current_readers.get(key, set()).discard(new_defer)
 
-        defer.returnValue(_ctx_manager())
+        return _ctx_manager()
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def write(self, key):
@@ -396,7 +396,7 @@ class ReadWriteLock(object):
                 if self.key_to_current_writer[key] == new_defer:
                     self.key_to_current_writer.pop(key)
 
-        defer.returnValue(_ctx_manager())
+        return _ctx_manager()
 
 
 def _cancelled_to_timed_out_error(value, timeout):
diff --git a/synapse/util/caches/descriptors.py b/synapse/util/caches/descriptors.py
index 675db2f448..a1acacbde9 100644
--- a/synapse/util/caches/descriptors.py
+++ b/synapse/util/caches/descriptors.py
@@ -289,7 +289,7 @@ class CacheDescriptor(_CacheDescriptorBase):
         def foo(self, key, cache_context):
             r1 = yield self.bar1(key, on_invalidate=cache_context.invalidate)
             r2 = yield self.bar2(key, on_invalidate=cache_context.invalidate)
-            defer.returnValue(r1 + r2)
+            return r1 + r2
 
     Args:
         num_args (int): number of positional arguments (excluding ``self`` and
diff --git a/synapse/util/caches/response_cache.py b/synapse/util/caches/response_cache.py
index d6908e169d..82d3eefe0e 100644
--- a/synapse/util/caches/response_cache.py
+++ b/synapse/util/caches/response_cache.py
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ class ResponseCache(object):
             @defer.inlineCallbacks
             def handle_request(request):
                 # etc
-                defer.returnValue(result)
+                return result
 
             result = yield response_cache.wrap(
                 key,
diff --git a/synapse/util/metrics.py b/synapse/util/metrics.py
index c30b6de19c..0910930c21 100644
--- a/synapse/util/metrics.py
+++ b/synapse/util/metrics.py
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ def measure_func(name):
         def measured_func(self, *args, **kwargs):
             with Measure(self.clock, name):
                 r = yield func(self, *args, **kwargs)
-            defer.returnValue(r)
+            return r
 
         return measured_func
 
diff --git a/synapse/util/retryutils.py b/synapse/util/retryutils.py
index d8d0ceae51..0862b5ca5a 100644
--- a/synapse/util/retryutils.py
+++ b/synapse/util/retryutils.py
@@ -95,15 +95,13 @@ def get_retry_limiter(destination, clock, store, ignore_backoff=False, **kwargs)
     # maximum backoff even though it might only have been down briefly
     backoff_on_failure = not ignore_backoff
 
-    defer.returnValue(
-        RetryDestinationLimiter(
-            destination,
-            clock,
-            store,
-            retry_interval,
-            backoff_on_failure=backoff_on_failure,
-            **kwargs
-        )
+    return RetryDestinationLimiter(
+        destination,
+        clock,
+        store,
+        retry_interval,
+        backoff_on_failure=backoff_on_failure,
+        **kwargs
     )
 
 
diff --git a/synapse/visibility.py b/synapse/visibility.py
index 2a11c83596..bf0f1eebd8 100644
--- a/synapse/visibility.py
+++ b/synapse/visibility.py
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ def filter_events_for_client(
     filtered_events = filter(operator.truth, filtered_events)
 
     # we turn it into a list before returning it.
-    defer.returnValue(list(filtered_events))
+    return list(filtered_events)
 
 
 @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -317,11 +317,11 @@ def filter_events_for_server(
                 elif redact:
                     to_return.append(prune_event(e))
 
-            defer.returnValue(to_return)
+            return to_return
 
         # If there are no erased users then we can just return the given list
         # of events without having to copy it.
-        defer.returnValue(events)
+        return events
 
     # Ok, so we're dealing with events that have non-trivial visibility
     # rules, so we need to also get the memberships of the room.
@@ -384,4 +384,4 @@ def filter_events_for_server(
         elif redact:
             to_return.append(prune_event(e))
 
-    defer.returnValue(to_return)
+    return to_return
diff --git a/tests/crypto/test_keyring.py b/tests/crypto/test_keyring.py
index 8d94a503d6..c4f0bbd3dd 100644
--- a/tests/crypto/test_keyring.py
+++ b/tests/crypto/test_keyring.py
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ class KeyringTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
             self.assertEquals(LoggingContext.current_context().request, "11")
             with PreserveLoggingContext():
                 yield persp_deferred
-            defer.returnValue(persp_resp)
+            return persp_resp
 
         self.http_client.post_json.side_effect = get_perspectives
 
@@ -554,7 +554,7 @@ def run_in_context(f, *args, **kwargs):
         # logs.
         ctx.request = "testctx"
         rv = yield f(*args, **kwargs)
-    defer.returnValue(rv)
+    return rv
 
 
 def _verify_json_for_server(kr, *args):
@@ -565,6 +565,6 @@ def _verify_json_for_server(kr, *args):
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def v():
         rv1 = yield kr.verify_json_for_server(*args)
-        defer.returnValue(rv1)
+        return rv1
 
     return run_in_context(v)
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_register.py b/tests/handlers/test_register.py
index 90d0129374..99dce45cfe 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_register.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_register.py
@@ -283,4 +283,4 @@ class RegistrationTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
                 user, requester, displayname, by_admin=True
             )
 
-        defer.returnValue((user_id, token))
+        return (user_id, token)
diff --git a/tests/http/federation/test_matrix_federation_agent.py b/tests/http/federation/test_matrix_federation_agent.py
index a49f9b3224..b906686b49 100644
--- a/tests/http/federation/test_matrix_federation_agent.py
+++ b/tests/http/federation/test_matrix_federation_agent.py
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ class MatrixFederationAgentTests(TestCase):
 
             try:
                 fetch_res = yield fetch_d
-                defer.returnValue(fetch_res)
+                return fetch_res
             except Exception as e:
                 logger.info("Fetch of %s failed: %s", uri.decode("ascii"), e)
                 raise
@@ -936,7 +936,7 @@ class MatrixFederationAgentTests(TestCase):
         except Exception as e:
             logger.warning("Error fetching well-known: %s", e)
             raise
-        defer.returnValue(result)
+        return result
 
     def test_well_known_cache(self):
         self.reactor.lookups["testserv"] = "1.2.3.4"
diff --git a/tests/http/federation/test_srv_resolver.py b/tests/http/federation/test_srv_resolver.py
index 65b51dc981..3b885ef64b 100644
--- a/tests/http/federation/test_srv_resolver.py
+++ b/tests/http/federation/test_srv_resolver.py
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ class SrvResolverTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
                 # should have restored our context
                 self.assertIs(LoggingContext.current_context(), ctx)
 
-                defer.returnValue(result)
+                return result
 
         test_d = do_lookup()
         self.assertNoResult(test_d)
diff --git a/tests/http/test_fedclient.py b/tests/http/test_fedclient.py
index b9d6d7ad1c..2b01f40a42 100644
--- a/tests/http/test_fedclient.py
+++ b/tests/http/test_fedclient.py
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ class FederationClientTests(HomeserverTestCase):
 
                 try:
                     fetch_res = yield fetch_d
-                    defer.returnValue(fetch_res)
+                    return fetch_res
                 finally:
                     check_logcontext(context)
 
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/test_transactions.py b/tests/rest/client/test_transactions.py
index a8adc9a61d..a3d7e3c046 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/test_transactions.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/test_transactions.py
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ class HttpTransactionCacheTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         @defer.inlineCallbacks
         def cb():
             yield Clock(reactor).sleep(0)
-            defer.returnValue("yay")
+            return "yay"
 
         @defer.inlineCallbacks
         def test():
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_background_update.py b/tests/storage/test_background_update.py
index fbb9302694..9fabe3fbc0 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_background_update.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_background_update.py
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ class BackgroundUpdateTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
                 "test_update",
                 progress,
             )
-            defer.returnValue(count)
+            return count
 
         self.update_handler.side_effect = update
 
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ class BackgroundUpdateTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         @defer.inlineCallbacks
         def update(progress, count):
             yield self.store._end_background_update("test_update")
-            defer.returnValue(count)
+            return count
 
         self.update_handler.side_effect = update
         self.update_handler.reset_mock()
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_redaction.py b/tests/storage/test_redaction.py
index 732a778fab..1cb471205b 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_redaction.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_redaction.py
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ class RedactionTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
         yield self.store.persist_event(event, context)
 
-        defer.returnValue(event)
+        return event
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def inject_message(self, room, user, body):
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ class RedactionTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
         yield self.store.persist_event(event, context)
 
-        defer.returnValue(event)
+        return event
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def inject_redaction(self, room, event_id, user, reason):
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_roommember.py b/tests/storage/test_roommember.py
index 73ed943f5a..c6e8196b91 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_roommember.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_roommember.py
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ class RoomMemberStoreTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
         yield self.store.persist_event(event, context)
 
-        defer.returnValue(event)
+        return event
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_one_member(self):
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_state.py b/tests/storage/test_state.py
index 212a7ae765..5c2cf3c2db 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_state.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_state.py
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ class StateStoreTestCase(tests.unittest.TestCase):
 
         yield self.store.persist_event(event, context)
 
-        defer.returnValue(event)
+        return event
 
     def assertStateMapEqual(self, s1, s2):
         for t in s1:
diff --git a/tests/test_visibility.py b/tests/test_visibility.py
index 118c3bd238..e0605dac2f 100644
--- a/tests/test_visibility.py
+++ b/tests/test_visibility.py
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ class FilterEventsForServerTestCase(tests.unittest.TestCase):
             builder
         )
         yield self.hs.get_datastore().persist_event(event, context)
-        defer.returnValue(event)
+        return event
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def inject_room_member(self, user_id, membership="join", extra_content={}):
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ class FilterEventsForServerTestCase(tests.unittest.TestCase):
         )
 
         yield self.hs.get_datastore().persist_event(event, context)
-        defer.returnValue(event)
+        return event
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def inject_message(self, user_id, content=None):
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ class FilterEventsForServerTestCase(tests.unittest.TestCase):
         )
 
         yield self.hs.get_datastore().persist_event(event, context)
-        defer.returnValue(event)
+        return event
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_large_room(self):
diff --git a/tests/util/caches/test_descriptors.py b/tests/util/caches/test_descriptors.py
index 7807328e2f..56320bbaf9 100644
--- a/tests/util/caches/test_descriptors.py
+++ b/tests/util/caches/test_descriptors.py
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ class DescriptorTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
                 def inner_fn():
                     with PreserveLoggingContext():
                         yield complete_lookup
-                    defer.returnValue(1)
+                    return 1
 
                 return inner_fn()
 
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ class DescriptorTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
                 c1.name = "c1"
                 r = yield obj.fn(1)
                 self.assertEqual(LoggingContext.current_context(), c1)
-            defer.returnValue(r)
+            return r
 
         def check_result(r):
             self.assertEqual(r, 1)
@@ -286,7 +286,7 @@ class CachedListDescriptorTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
                 # we want this to behave like an asynchronous function
                 yield run_on_reactor()
                 assert LoggingContext.current_context().request == "c1"
-                defer.returnValue(self.mock(args1, arg2))
+                return self.mock(args1, arg2)
 
         with LoggingContext() as c1:
             c1.request = "c1"
@@ -334,7 +334,7 @@ class CachedListDescriptorTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             def list_fn(self, args1, arg2):
                 # we want this to behave like an asynchronous function
                 yield run_on_reactor()
-                defer.returnValue(self.mock(args1, arg2))
+                return self.mock(args1, arg2)
 
         obj = Cls()
         invalidate0 = mock.Mock()
diff --git a/tests/utils.py b/tests/utils.py
index 8a94ce0b47..425e3387db 100644
--- a/tests/utils.py
+++ b/tests/utils.py
@@ -361,7 +361,7 @@ def setup_test_homeserver(
     if fed:
         register_federation_servlets(hs, fed)
 
-    defer.returnValue(hs)
+    return hs
 
 
 def register_federation_servlets(hs, resource):
@@ -465,9 +465,9 @@ class MockHttpResource(HttpServer):
                     args = [urlparse.unquote(u) for u in matcher.groups()]
 
                     (code, response) = yield func(mock_request, *args)
-                    defer.returnValue((code, response))
+                    return (code, response)
                 except CodeMessageException as e:
-                    defer.returnValue((e.code, cs_error(e.msg, code=e.errcode)))
+                    return (e.code, cs_error(e.msg, code=e.errcode))
 
         raise KeyError("No event can handle %s" % path)
 
-- 
cgit 1.5.1


From c659b9f94fff29adfb2abe4f6b345710b65e8741 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Hubert Chathi <hubert@uhoreg.ca>
Date: Thu, 25 Jul 2019 11:08:24 -0400
Subject: allow uploading keys for cross-signing

---
 synapse/api/errors.py                            |   1 +
 synapse/handlers/device.py                       |  17 ++
 synapse/handlers/e2e_keys.py                     | 198 ++++++++++++++++++++++-
 synapse/handlers/sync.py                         |   7 +-
 synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/keys.py             |  46 +++++-
 synapse/storage/__init__.py                      |   5 +-
 synapse/storage/devices.py                       |  57 +++++++
 synapse/storage/end_to_end_keys.py               | 174 +++++++++++++++++++-
 synapse/storage/schema/delta/56/signing_keys.sql |  41 +++++
 synapse/types.py                                 |  24 +++
 tests/handlers/test_e2e_keys.py                  |  63 ++++++++
 11 files changed, 621 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

(limited to 'tests/handlers')

diff --git a/synapse/api/errors.py b/synapse/api/errors.py
index ad3e262041..be15921bc6 100644
--- a/synapse/api/errors.py
+++ b/synapse/api/errors.py
@@ -61,6 +61,7 @@ class Codes(object):
     INCOMPATIBLE_ROOM_VERSION = "M_INCOMPATIBLE_ROOM_VERSION"
     WRONG_ROOM_KEYS_VERSION = "M_WRONG_ROOM_KEYS_VERSION"
     EXPIRED_ACCOUNT = "ORG_MATRIX_EXPIRED_ACCOUNT"
+    INVALID_SIGNATURE = "M_INVALID_SIGNATURE"
 
 
 class CodeMessageException(RuntimeError):
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/device.py b/synapse/handlers/device.py
index 99e8413092..2a8fa9c818 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/device.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/device.py
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+# Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
+# Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -408,6 +410,21 @@ class DeviceHandler(DeviceWorkerHandler):
             for host in hosts:
                 self.federation_sender.send_device_messages(host)
 
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def notify_user_signature_update(self, from_user_id, user_ids):
+        """Notify a user that they have made new signatures of other users.
+
+        Args:
+            from_user_id (str): the user who made the signature
+            user_ids (list[str]): the users IDs that have new signatures
+        """
+
+        position = yield self.store.add_user_signature_change_to_streams(
+            from_user_id, user_ids
+        )
+
+        self.notifier.on_new_event("device_list_key", position, users=[from_user_id])
+
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_federation_query_user_devices(self, user_id):
         stream_id, devices = yield self.store.get_devices_with_keys_by_user(user_id)
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/e2e_keys.py b/synapse/handlers/e2e_keys.py
index fdfe8611b6..6187f879ef 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/e2e_keys.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/e2e_keys.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
-# Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
+# Copyright 2018-2019 New Vector Ltd
+# Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -19,12 +20,17 @@ import logging
 from six import iteritems
 
 from canonicaljson import encode_canonical_json, json
+from signedjson.sign import SignatureVerifyException, verify_signed_json
 
 from twisted.internet import defer
 
-from synapse.api.errors import CodeMessageException, SynapseError
+from synapse.api.errors import CodeMessageException, Codes, SynapseError
 from synapse.logging.context import make_deferred_yieldable, run_in_background
-from synapse.types import UserID, get_domain_from_id
+from synapse.types import (
+    UserID,
+    get_domain_from_id,
+    get_verify_key_from_cross_signing_key,
+)
 from synapse.util.retryutils import NotRetryingDestination
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
@@ -46,7 +52,7 @@ class E2eKeysHandler(object):
         )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def query_devices(self, query_body, timeout):
+    def query_devices(self, query_body, timeout, from_user_id):
         """ Handle a device key query from a client
 
         {
@@ -64,6 +70,11 @@ class E2eKeysHandler(object):
                 }
             }
         }
+
+        Args:
+            from_user_id (str): the user making the query.  This is used when
+                adding cross-signing signatures to limit what signatures users
+                can see.
         """
         device_keys_query = query_body.get("device_keys", {})
 
@@ -118,6 +129,11 @@ class E2eKeysHandler(object):
                 r = remote_queries_not_in_cache.setdefault(domain, {})
                 r[user_id] = remote_queries[user_id]
 
+        # Get cached cross-signing keys
+        cross_signing_keys = yield self.query_cross_signing_keys(
+            device_keys_query, from_user_id
+        )
+
         # Now fetch any devices that we don't have in our cache
         @defer.inlineCallbacks
         def do_remote_query(destination):
@@ -131,6 +147,14 @@ class E2eKeysHandler(object):
                     if user_id in destination_query:
                         results[user_id] = keys
 
+                for user_id, key in remote_result["master_keys"].items():
+                    if user_id in destination_query:
+                        cross_signing_keys["master"][user_id] = key
+
+                for user_id, key in remote_result["self_signing_keys"].items():
+                    if user_id in destination_query:
+                        cross_signing_keys["self_signing"][user_id] = key
+
             except Exception as e:
                 failures[destination] = _exception_to_failure(e)
 
@@ -144,7 +168,73 @@ class E2eKeysHandler(object):
             )
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue({"device_keys": results, "failures": failures})
+        ret = {"device_keys": results, "failures": failures}
+
+        for key, value in iteritems(cross_signing_keys):
+            ret[key + "_keys"] = value
+
+        defer.returnValue(ret)
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def query_cross_signing_keys(self, query, from_user_id):
+        """Get cross-signing keys for users
+
+        Args:
+            query (Iterable[string]) an iterable of user IDs.  A dict whose keys
+                are user IDs satisfies this, so the query format used for
+                query_devices can be used here.
+            from_user_id (str): the user making the query.  This is used when
+                adding cross-signing signatures to limit what signatures users
+                can see.
+
+        Returns:
+            defer.Deferred[dict[str, dict[str, dict]]]: map from
+                (master|self_signing|user_signing) -> user_id -> key
+        """
+        master_keys = {}
+        self_signing_keys = {}
+        user_signing_keys = {}
+
+        for user_id in query:
+            # XXX: consider changing the store functions to allow querying
+            # multiple users simultaneously.
+            try:
+                key = yield self.store.get_e2e_cross_signing_key(
+                    user_id, "master", from_user_id
+                )
+                if key:
+                    master_keys[user_id] = key
+            except Exception as e:
+                logger.info("Error getting master key: %s", e)
+
+            try:
+                key = yield self.store.get_e2e_cross_signing_key(
+                    user_id, "self_signing", from_user_id
+                )
+                if key:
+                    self_signing_keys[user_id] = key
+            except Exception as e:
+                logger.info("Error getting self-signing key: %s", e)
+
+            # users can see other users' master and self-signing keys, but can
+            # only see their own user-signing keys
+            if from_user_id == user_id:
+                try:
+                    key = yield self.store.get_e2e_cross_signing_key(
+                        user_id, "user_signing", from_user_id
+                    )
+                    if key:
+                        user_signing_keys[user_id] = key
+                except Exception as e:
+                    logger.info("Error getting user-signing key: %s", e)
+
+        defer.returnValue(
+            {
+                "master": master_keys,
+                "self_signing": self_signing_keys,
+                "user_signing": user_signing_keys,
+            }
+        )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def query_local_devices(self, query):
@@ -342,6 +432,104 @@ class E2eKeysHandler(object):
 
         yield self.store.add_e2e_one_time_keys(user_id, device_id, time_now, new_keys)
 
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def upload_signing_keys_for_user(self, user_id, keys):
+        """Upload signing keys for cross-signing
+
+        Args:
+            user_id (string): the user uploading the keys
+            keys (dict[string, dict]): the signing keys
+        """
+
+        # if a master key is uploaded, then check it.  Otherwise, load the
+        # stored master key, to check signatures on other keys
+        if "master_key" in keys:
+            master_key = keys["master_key"]
+
+            _check_cross_signing_key(master_key, user_id, "master")
+        else:
+            master_key = yield self.store.get_e2e_cross_signing_key(user_id, "master")
+
+        # if there is no master key, then we can't do anything, because all the
+        # other cross-signing keys need to be signed by the master key
+        if not master_key:
+            raise SynapseError(400, "No master key available", Codes.MISSING_PARAM)
+
+        master_key_id, master_verify_key = get_verify_key_from_cross_signing_key(
+            master_key
+        )
+
+        # for the other cross-signing keys, make sure that they have valid
+        # signatures from the master key
+        if "self_signing_key" in keys:
+            self_signing_key = keys["self_signing_key"]
+
+            _check_cross_signing_key(
+                self_signing_key, user_id, "self_signing", master_verify_key
+            )
+
+        if "user_signing_key" in keys:
+            user_signing_key = keys["user_signing_key"]
+
+            _check_cross_signing_key(
+                user_signing_key, user_id, "user_signing", master_verify_key
+            )
+
+        # if everything checks out, then store the keys and send notifications
+        deviceids = []
+        if "master_key" in keys:
+            yield self.store.set_e2e_cross_signing_key(user_id, "master", master_key)
+            deviceids.append(master_verify_key.version)
+        if "self_signing_key" in keys:
+            yield self.store.set_e2e_cross_signing_key(
+                user_id, "self_signing", self_signing_key
+            )
+            deviceids.append(
+                get_verify_key_from_cross_signing_key(self_signing_key)[1].version
+            )
+        if "user_signing_key" in keys:
+            yield self.store.set_e2e_cross_signing_key(
+                user_id, "user_signing", user_signing_key
+            )
+            # the signature stream matches the semantics that we want for
+            # user-signing key updates: only the user themselves is notified of
+            # their own user-signing key updates
+            yield self.device_handler.notify_user_signature_update(user_id, [user_id])
+
+        # master key and self-signing key updates match the semantics of device
+        # list updates: all users who share an encrypted room are notified
+        if len(deviceids):
+            yield self.device_handler.notify_device_update(user_id, deviceids)
+
+        defer.returnValue({})
+
+
+def _check_cross_signing_key(key, user_id, key_type, signing_key=None):
+    """Check a cross-signing key uploaded by a user.  Performs some basic sanity
+    checking, and ensures that it is signed, if a signature is required.
+
+    Args:
+        key (dict): the key data to verify
+        user_id (str): the user whose key is being checked
+        key_type (str): the type of key that the key should be
+        signing_key (VerifyKey): (optional) the signing key that the key should
+            be signed with.  If omitted, signatures will not be checked.
+    """
+    if (
+        key.get("user_id") != user_id
+        or key_type not in key.get("usage", [])
+        or len(key.get("keys", {})) != 1
+    ):
+        raise SynapseError(400, ("Invalid %s key" % (key_type,)), Codes.INVALID_PARAM)
+
+    if signing_key:
+        try:
+            verify_signed_json(key, user_id, signing_key)
+        except SignatureVerifyException:
+            raise SynapseError(
+                400, ("Invalid signature on %s key" % key_type), Codes.INVALID_SIGNATURE
+            )
+
 
 def _exception_to_failure(e):
     if isinstance(e, CodeMessageException):
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/sync.py b/synapse/handlers/sync.py
index cd1ac0a27a..c1c28a5fa1 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/sync.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/sync.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
-# Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
+# Copyright 2018, 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -1116,6 +1116,11 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
             # weren't in the previous sync *or* they left and rejoined.
             users_that_have_changed.update(newly_joined_or_invited_users)
 
+            user_signatures_changed = yield self.store.get_users_whose_signatures_changed(
+                user_id, since_token.device_list_key
+            )
+            users_that_have_changed.update(user_signatures_changed)
+
             # Now find users that we no longer track
             for room_id in newly_left_rooms:
                 left_users = yield self.state.get_current_users_in_room(room_id)
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/keys.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/keys.py
index 45c9928b65..3eaf1fd8a4 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/keys.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/keys.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+# Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -26,7 +27,7 @@ from synapse.http.servlet import (
 )
 from synapse.types import StreamToken
 
-from ._base import client_patterns
+from ._base import client_patterns, interactive_auth_handler
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -145,10 +146,11 @@ class KeyQueryServlet(RestServlet):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_POST(self, request):
-        yield self.auth.get_user_by_req(request, allow_guest=True)
+        requester = yield self.auth.get_user_by_req(request, allow_guest=True)
+        user_id = requester.user.to_string()
         timeout = parse_integer(request, "timeout", 10 * 1000)
         body = parse_json_object_from_request(request)
-        result = yield self.e2e_keys_handler.query_devices(body, timeout)
+        result = yield self.e2e_keys_handler.query_devices(body, timeout, user_id)
         defer.returnValue((200, result))
 
 
@@ -227,8 +229,46 @@ class OneTimeKeyServlet(RestServlet):
         defer.returnValue((200, result))
 
 
+class SigningKeyUploadServlet(RestServlet):
+    """
+    POST /keys/device_signing/upload HTTP/1.1
+    Content-Type: application/json
+
+    {
+    }
+    """
+
+    PATTERNS = client_patterns("/keys/device_signing/upload$", releases=())
+
+    def __init__(self, hs):
+        """
+        Args:
+            hs (synapse.server.HomeServer): server
+        """
+        super(SigningKeyUploadServlet, self).__init__()
+        self.hs = hs
+        self.auth = hs.get_auth()
+        self.e2e_keys_handler = hs.get_e2e_keys_handler()
+        self.auth_handler = hs.get_auth_handler()
+
+    @interactive_auth_handler
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def on_POST(self, request):
+        requester = yield self.auth.get_user_by_req(request)
+        user_id = requester.user.to_string()
+        body = parse_json_object_from_request(request)
+
+        yield self.auth_handler.validate_user_via_ui_auth(
+            requester, body, self.hs.get_ip_from_request(request)
+        )
+
+        result = yield self.e2e_keys_handler.upload_signing_keys_for_user(user_id, body)
+        defer.returnValue((200, result))
+
+
 def register_servlets(hs, http_server):
     KeyUploadServlet(hs).register(http_server)
     KeyQueryServlet(hs).register(http_server)
     KeyChangesServlet(hs).register(http_server)
     OneTimeKeyServlet(hs).register(http_server)
+    SigningKeyUploadServlet(hs).register(http_server)
diff --git a/synapse/storage/__init__.py b/synapse/storage/__init__.py
index 6b0ca80087..c20ba1001c 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/__init__.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
-# Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
+# Copyright 2018,2019 New Vector Ltd
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -207,6 +207,9 @@ class DataStore(
         self._device_list_stream_cache = StreamChangeCache(
             "DeviceListStreamChangeCache", device_list_max
         )
+        self._user_signature_stream_cache = StreamChangeCache(
+            "UserSignatureStreamChangeCache", device_list_max
+        )
         self._device_list_federation_stream_cache = StreamChangeCache(
             "DeviceListFederationStreamChangeCache", device_list_max
         )
diff --git a/synapse/storage/devices.py b/synapse/storage/devices.py
index b73401bc26..ed372e2fc4 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/devices.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/devices.py
@@ -302,6 +302,41 @@ class DeviceWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         """
         txn.execute(sql, (destination, stream_id))
 
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def add_user_signature_change_to_streams(self, from_user_id, user_ids):
+        """Persist that a user has made new signatures
+
+        Args:
+            from_user_id (str): the user who made the signatures
+            user_ids (list[str]): the users who were signed
+        """
+
+        with self._device_list_id_gen.get_next() as stream_id:
+            yield self.runInteraction(
+                "add_user_sig_change_to_streams",
+                self._add_user_signature_change_txn,
+                from_user_id,
+                user_ids,
+                stream_id,
+            )
+        defer.returnValue(stream_id)
+
+    def _add_user_signature_change_txn(self, txn, from_user_id, user_ids, stream_id):
+        txn.call_after(
+            self._user_signature_stream_cache.entity_has_changed,
+            from_user_id,
+            stream_id,
+        )
+        self._simple_insert_txn(
+            txn,
+            "user_signature_stream",
+            values={
+                "stream_id": stream_id,
+                "from_user_id": from_user_id,
+                "user_ids": json.dumps(user_ids),
+            },
+        )
+
     def get_device_stream_token(self):
         return self._device_list_id_gen.get_current_token()
 
@@ -440,6 +475,28 @@ class DeviceWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             "get_users_whose_devices_changed", _get_users_whose_devices_changed_txn
         )
 
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_users_whose_signatures_changed(self, user_id, from_key):
+        """Get the users who have new cross-signing signatures made by `user_id` since
+        `from_key`.
+
+        Args:
+            user_id (str): the user who made the signatures
+            from_key (str): The device lists stream token
+        """
+        from_key = int(from_key)
+        if self._user_signature_stream_cache.has_entity_changed(user_id, from_key):
+            sql = """
+                SELECT DISTINCT user_ids FROM user_signature_stream
+                WHERE from_user_id = ? AND stream_id > ?
+            """
+            rows = yield self._execute(
+                "get_users_whose_signatures_changed", None, sql, user_id, from_key
+            )
+            defer.returnValue(set(user for row in rows for user in json.loads(row[0])))
+        else:
+            defer.returnValue(set())
+
     def get_all_device_list_changes_for_remotes(self, from_key, to_key):
         """Return a list of `(stream_id, user_id, destination)` which is the
         combined list of changes to devices, and which destinations need to be
diff --git a/synapse/storage/end_to_end_keys.py b/synapse/storage/end_to_end_keys.py
index 2fabb9e2cb..bb5f7d94eb 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/end_to_end_keys.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/end_to_end_keys.py
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+# Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
+# Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -12,9 +14,11 @@
 # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
+import time
+
 from six import iteritems
 
-from canonicaljson import encode_canonical_json
+from canonicaljson import encode_canonical_json, json
 
 from twisted.internet import defer
 
@@ -85,11 +89,12 @@ class EndToEndKeyWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             "    k.key_json"
             " FROM devices d"
             "    %s JOIN e2e_device_keys_json k USING (user_id, device_id)"
-            " WHERE %s"
+            " WHERE (%s) AND NOT COALESCE(d.hidden, ?)"
         ) % (
             "LEFT" if include_all_devices else "INNER",
             " OR ".join("(" + q + ")" for q in query_clauses),
         )
+        query_params.append(False)
 
         txn.execute(sql, query_params)
         rows = self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
@@ -281,3 +286,168 @@ class EndToEndKeyStore(EndToEndKeyWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
         return self.runInteraction(
             "delete_e2e_keys_by_device", delete_e2e_keys_by_device_txn
         )
+
+    def _set_e2e_cross_signing_key_txn(self, txn, user_id, key_type, key):
+        """Set a user's cross-signing key.
+
+        Args:
+            txn (twisted.enterprise.adbapi.Connection): db connection
+            user_id (str): the user to set the signing key for
+            key_type (str): the type of key that is being set: either 'master'
+                for a master key, 'self_signing' for a self-signing key, or
+                'user_signing' for a user-signing key
+            key (dict): the key data
+        """
+        # the cross-signing keys need to occupy the same namespace as devices,
+        # since signatures are identified by device ID.  So add an entry to the
+        # device table to make sure that we don't have a collision with device
+        # IDs
+
+        # the 'key' dict will look something like:
+        # {
+        #   "user_id": "@alice:example.com",
+        #   "usage": ["self_signing"],
+        #   "keys": {
+        #     "ed25519:base64+self+signing+public+key": "base64+self+signing+public+key",
+        #   },
+        #   "signatures": {
+        #     "@alice:example.com": {
+        #       "ed25519:base64+master+public+key": "base64+signature"
+        #     }
+        #   }
+        # }
+        # The "keys" property must only have one entry, which will be the public
+        # key, so we just grab the first value in there
+        pubkey = next(iter(key["keys"].values()))
+        self._simple_insert(
+            "devices",
+            values={
+                "user_id": user_id,
+                "device_id": pubkey,
+                "display_name": key_type + " signing key",
+                "hidden": True,
+            },
+            desc="store_master_key_device",
+        )
+
+        # and finally, store the key itself
+        self._simple_insert(
+            "e2e_cross_signing_keys",
+            values={
+                "user_id": user_id,
+                "keytype": key_type,
+                "keydata": json.dumps(key),
+                "added_ts": time.time() * 1000,
+            },
+            desc="store_master_key",
+        )
+
+    def set_e2e_cross_signing_key(self, user_id, key_type, key):
+        """Set a user's cross-signing key.
+
+        Args:
+            user_id (str): the user to set the user-signing key for
+            key_type (str): the type of cross-signing key to set
+            key (dict): the key data
+        """
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "add_e2e_cross_signing_key",
+            self._set_e2e_cross_signing_key_txn,
+            user_id,
+            key_type,
+            key,
+        )
+
+    def _get_e2e_cross_signing_key_txn(self, txn, user_id, key_type, from_user_id=None):
+        """Returns a user's cross-signing key.
+
+        Args:
+            txn (twisted.enterprise.adbapi.Connection): db connection
+            user_id (str): the user whose key is being requested
+            key_type (str): the type of key that is being set: either 'master'
+                for a master key, 'self_signing' for a self-signing key, or
+                'user_signing' for a user-signing key
+            from_user_id (str): if specified, signatures made by this user on
+                the key will be included in the result
+
+        Returns:
+            dict of the key data
+        """
+        sql = (
+            "SELECT keydata "
+            "  FROM e2e_cross_signing_keys "
+            " WHERE user_id = ? AND keytype = ? ORDER BY added_ts DESC LIMIT 1"
+        )
+        txn.execute(sql, (user_id, key_type))
+        row = txn.fetchone()
+        if not row:
+            return None
+        key = json.loads(row[0])
+
+        device_id = None
+        for k in key["keys"].values():
+            device_id = k
+
+        if from_user_id is not None:
+            sql = (
+                "SELECT key_id, signature "
+                "  FROM e2e_cross_signing_signatures "
+                " WHERE user_id = ? "
+                "   AND target_user_id = ? "
+                "   AND target_device_id = ? "
+            )
+            txn.execute(sql, (from_user_id, user_id, device_id))
+            row = txn.fetchone()
+            if row:
+                key.setdefault("signatures", {}).setdefault(from_user_id, {})[
+                    row[0]
+                ] = row[1]
+
+        return key
+
+    def get_e2e_cross_signing_key(self, user_id, key_type, from_user_id=None):
+        """Returns a user's cross-signing key.
+
+        Args:
+            user_id (str): the user whose self-signing key is being requested
+            key_type (str): the type of cross-signing key to get
+            from_user_id (str): if specified, signatures made by this user on
+                the self-signing key will be included in the result
+
+        Returns:
+            dict of the key data
+        """
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "get_e2e_cross_signing_key",
+            self._get_e2e_cross_signing_key_txn,
+            user_id,
+            key_type,
+            from_user_id,
+        )
+
+    def store_e2e_cross_signing_signatures(self, user_id, signatures):
+        """Stores cross-signing signatures.
+
+        Args:
+            user_id (str): the user who made the signatures
+            signatures (iterable[(str, str, str, str)]): signatures to add - each
+                a tuple of (key_id, target_user_id, target_device_id, signature),
+                where key_id is the ID of the key (including the signature
+                algorithm) that made the signature, target_user_id and
+                target_device_id indicate the device being signed, and signature
+                is the signature of the device
+        """
+        return self._simple_insert_many(
+            "e2e_cross_signing_signatures",
+            [
+                {
+                    "user_id": user_id,
+                    "key_id": key_id,
+                    "target_user_id": target_user_id,
+                    "target_device_id": target_device_id,
+                    "signature": signature,
+                }
+                for (key_id, target_user_id, target_device_id, signature) in signatures
+            ],
+            "add_e2e_signing_key",
+        )
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/56/signing_keys.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/56/signing_keys.sql
index 51c96d3116..771740e970 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/56/signing_keys.sql
+++ b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/56/signing_keys.sql
@@ -13,6 +13,47 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
+-- cross-signing keys
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS e2e_cross_signing_keys (
+    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    -- the type of cross-signing key (master, user_signing, or self_signing)
+    keytype TEXT NOT NULL,
+    -- the full key information, as a json-encoded dict
+    keydata TEXT NOT NULL,
+    -- time that the key was added
+    added_ts BIGINT NOT NULL
+);
+
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX e2e_cross_signing_keys_idx ON e2e_cross_signing_keys(user_id, keytype, added_ts);
+
+-- cross-signing signatures
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS e2e_cross_signing_signatures (
+    -- user who did the signing
+    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    -- key used to sign
+    key_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    -- user who was signed
+    target_user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    -- device/key that was signed
+    target_device_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    -- the actual signature
+    signature TEXT NOT NULL
+);
+
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX e2e_cross_signing_signatures_idx ON e2e_cross_signing_signatures(user_id, target_user_id, target_device_id);
+
+-- stream of user signature updates
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS user_signature_stream (
+    -- uses the same stream ID as device list stream
+    stream_id BIGINT NOT NULL,
+    -- user who did the signing
+    from_user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    -- list of users who were signed, as a JSON array
+    user_ids TEXT NOT NULL
+);
+
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX user_signature_stream_idx ON user_signature_stream(stream_id);
+
 -- device list needs to know which ones are "real" devices, and which ones are
 -- just used to avoid collisions
 ALTER TABLE devices ADD COLUMN hidden BOOLEAN NULLABLE;
diff --git a/synapse/types.py b/synapse/types.py
index 51eadb6ad4..7a80471a0c 100644
--- a/synapse/types.py
+++ b/synapse/types.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+# Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -17,6 +18,8 @@ import string
 from collections import namedtuple
 
 import attr
+from signedjson.key import decode_verify_key_bytes
+from unpaddedbase64 import decode_base64
 
 from synapse.api.errors import SynapseError
 
@@ -475,3 +478,24 @@ class ReadReceipt(object):
     user_id = attr.ib()
     event_ids = attr.ib()
     data = attr.ib()
+
+
+def get_verify_key_from_cross_signing_key(key_info):
+    """Get the key ID and signedjson verify key from a cross-signing key dict
+
+    Args:
+        key_info (dict): a cross-signing key dict, which must have a "keys"
+            property that has exactly one item in it
+
+    Returns:
+        (str, VerifyKey): the key ID and verify key for the cross-signing key
+    """
+    # make sure that exactly one key is provided
+    if "keys" not in key_info:
+        raise SynapseError(400, "Invalid key")
+    keys = key_info["keys"]
+    if len(keys) != 1:
+        raise SynapseError(400, "Invalid key")
+    # and return that one key
+    for key_id, key_data in keys.items():
+        return (key_id, decode_verify_key_bytes(key_id, decode_base64(key_data)))
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_e2e_keys.py b/tests/handlers/test_e2e_keys.py
index 8dccc6826e..9ae4cb6ea2 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_e2e_keys.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_e2e_keys.py
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+# Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
+# Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -145,3 +147,64 @@ class E2eKeysHandlerTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
                 "one_time_keys": {local_user: {device_id: {"alg1:k1": "key1"}}},
             },
         )
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def test_replace_master_key(self):
+        """uploading a new signing key should make the old signing key unavailable"""
+        local_user = "@boris:" + self.hs.hostname
+        keys1 = {
+            "master_key": {
+                # private key: 2lonYOM6xYKdEsO+6KrC766xBcHnYnim1x/4LFGF8B0
+                "user_id": local_user,
+                "usage": ["master"],
+                "keys": {
+                    "ed25519:nqOvzeuGWT/sRx3h7+MHoInYj3Uk2LD/unI9kDYcHwk": "nqOvzeuGWT/sRx3h7+MHoInYj3Uk2LD/unI9kDYcHwk"
+                },
+            }
+        }
+        yield self.handler.upload_signing_keys_for_user(local_user, keys1)
+
+        keys2 = {
+            "master_key": {
+                # private key: 4TL4AjRYwDVwD3pqQzcor+ez/euOB1/q78aTJ+czDNs
+                "user_id": local_user,
+                "usage": ["master"],
+                "keys": {
+                    "ed25519:Hq6gL+utB4ET+UvD5ci0kgAwsX6qP/zvf8v6OInU5iw": "Hq6gL+utB4ET+UvD5ci0kgAwsX6qP/zvf8v6OInU5iw"
+                },
+            }
+        }
+        yield self.handler.upload_signing_keys_for_user(local_user, keys2)
+
+        devices = yield self.handler.query_devices({"device_keys": {local_user: []}}, 0, local_user)
+        self.assertDictEqual(devices["master_keys"], {local_user: keys2["master_key"]})
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def test_self_signing_key_doesnt_show_up_as_device(self):
+        """signing keys should be hidden when fetching a user's devices"""
+        local_user = "@boris:" + self.hs.hostname
+        keys1 = {
+            "master_key": {
+                # private key: 2lonYOM6xYKdEsO+6KrC766xBcHnYnim1x/4LFGF8B0
+                "user_id": local_user,
+                "usage": ["master"],
+                "keys": {
+                    "ed25519:nqOvzeuGWT/sRx3h7+MHoInYj3Uk2LD/unI9kDYcHwk": "nqOvzeuGWT/sRx3h7+MHoInYj3Uk2LD/unI9kDYcHwk"
+                },
+            }
+        }
+        yield self.handler.upload_signing_keys_for_user(local_user, keys1)
+
+        res = None
+        try:
+            yield self.hs.get_device_handler().check_device_registered(
+                user_id=local_user,
+                device_id="nqOvzeuGWT/sRx3h7+MHoInYj3Uk2LD/unI9kDYcHwk",
+                initial_device_display_name="new display name",
+            )
+        except errors.SynapseError as e:
+            res = e.code
+        self.assertEqual(res, 400)
+
+        res = yield self.handler.query_local_devices({local_user: None})
+        self.assertDictEqual(res, {local_user: {}})
-- 
cgit 1.5.1


From 8c97f6414cf322fc5b42a92ed0df2fb70bfab3fc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Richard van der Hoff <1389908+richvdh@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 30 Jul 2019 08:25:02 +0100
Subject: Remove non-functional 'expire_access_token' setting (#5782)

The `expire_access_token` didn't do what it sounded like it should do. What it
actually did was make Synapse enforce the 'time' caveat on macaroons used as
access tokens, but since our access token macaroons never contained such a
caveat, it was always a no-op.

(The code to add 'time' caveats was removed back in v0.18.5, in #1656)
---
 changelog.d/5782.removal                           |  1 +
 docs/sample_config.yaml                            |  4 ----
 synapse/api/auth.py                                | 28 ++++------------------
 synapse/config/key.py                              |  6 -----
 synapse/handlers/auth.py                           |  2 +-
 tests/handlers/test_register.py                    |  2 +-
 .../test_resource_limits_server_notices.py         |  2 +-
 tests/utils.py                                     |  1 -
 8 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 37 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 changelog.d/5782.removal

(limited to 'tests/handlers')

diff --git a/changelog.d/5782.removal b/changelog.d/5782.removal
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..658bf923ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/5782.removal
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Remove non-functional 'expire_access_token' setting.
diff --git a/docs/sample_config.yaml b/docs/sample_config.yaml
index b92959692d..08316597fa 100644
--- a/docs/sample_config.yaml
+++ b/docs/sample_config.yaml
@@ -942,10 +942,6 @@ uploads_path: "DATADIR/uploads"
 #
 # macaroon_secret_key: <PRIVATE STRING>
 
-# Used to enable access token expiration.
-#
-#expire_access_token: False
-
 # a secret which is used to calculate HMACs for form values, to stop
 # falsification of values. Must be specified for the User Consent
 # forms to work.
diff --git a/synapse/api/auth.py b/synapse/api/auth.py
index 351790cca4..179644852a 100644
--- a/synapse/api/auth.py
+++ b/synapse/api/auth.py
@@ -410,21 +410,16 @@ class Auth(object):
         try:
             user_id = self.get_user_id_from_macaroon(macaroon)
 
-            has_expiry = False
             guest = False
             for caveat in macaroon.caveats:
-                if caveat.caveat_id.startswith("time "):
-                    has_expiry = True
-                elif caveat.caveat_id == "guest = true":
+                if caveat.caveat_id == "guest = true":
                     guest = True
 
-            self.validate_macaroon(
-                macaroon, rights, self.hs.config.expire_access_token, user_id=user_id
-            )
+            self.validate_macaroon(macaroon, rights, user_id=user_id)
         except (pymacaroons.exceptions.MacaroonException, TypeError, ValueError):
             raise InvalidClientTokenError("Invalid macaroon passed.")
 
-        if not has_expiry and rights == "access":
+        if rights == "access":
             self.token_cache[token] = (user_id, guest)
 
         return user_id, guest
@@ -450,7 +445,7 @@ class Auth(object):
                 return caveat.caveat_id[len(user_prefix) :]
         raise InvalidClientTokenError("No user caveat in macaroon")
 
-    def validate_macaroon(self, macaroon, type_string, verify_expiry, user_id):
+    def validate_macaroon(self, macaroon, type_string, user_id):
         """
         validate that a Macaroon is understood by and was signed by this server.
 
@@ -458,7 +453,6 @@ class Auth(object):
             macaroon(pymacaroons.Macaroon): The macaroon to validate
             type_string(str): The kind of token required (e.g. "access",
                               "delete_pusher")
-            verify_expiry(bool): Whether to verify whether the macaroon has expired.
             user_id (str): The user_id required
         """
         v = pymacaroons.Verifier()
@@ -471,19 +465,7 @@ class Auth(object):
         v.satisfy_exact("type = " + type_string)
         v.satisfy_exact("user_id = %s" % user_id)
         v.satisfy_exact("guest = true")
-
-        # verify_expiry should really always be True, but there exist access
-        # tokens in the wild which expire when they should not, so we can't
-        # enforce expiry yet (so we have to allow any caveat starting with
-        # 'time < ' in access tokens).
-        #
-        # On the other hand, short-term login tokens (as used by CAS login, for
-        # example) have an expiry time which we do want to enforce.
-
-        if verify_expiry:
-            v.satisfy_general(self._verify_expiry)
-        else:
-            v.satisfy_general(lambda c: c.startswith("time < "))
+        v.satisfy_general(self._verify_expiry)
 
         # access_tokens include a nonce for uniqueness: any value is acceptable
         v.satisfy_general(lambda c: c.startswith("nonce = "))
diff --git a/synapse/config/key.py b/synapse/config/key.py
index 8fc74f9cdf..fe8386985c 100644
--- a/synapse/config/key.py
+++ b/synapse/config/key.py
@@ -116,8 +116,6 @@ class KeyConfig(Config):
             seed = bytes(self.signing_key[0])
             self.macaroon_secret_key = hashlib.sha256(seed).digest()
 
-        self.expire_access_token = config.get("expire_access_token", False)
-
         # a secret which is used to calculate HMACs for form values, to stop
         # falsification of values
         self.form_secret = config.get("form_secret", None)
@@ -144,10 +142,6 @@ class KeyConfig(Config):
         #
         %(macaroon_secret_key)s
 
-        # Used to enable access token expiration.
-        #
-        #expire_access_token: False
-
         # a secret which is used to calculate HMACs for form values, to stop
         # falsification of values. Must be specified for the User Consent
         # forms to work.
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/auth.py b/synapse/handlers/auth.py
index 05be5b7c48..0f3ebf7ef8 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/auth.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/auth.py
@@ -860,7 +860,7 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
         try:
             macaroon = pymacaroons.Macaroon.deserialize(login_token)
             user_id = auth_api.get_user_id_from_macaroon(macaroon)
-            auth_api.validate_macaroon(macaroon, "login", True, user_id)
+            auth_api.validate_macaroon(macaroon, "login", user_id)
         except Exception:
             raise AuthError(403, "Invalid token", errcode=Codes.FORBIDDEN)
         self.ratelimit_login_per_account(user_id)
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_register.py b/tests/handlers/test_register.py
index 99dce45cfe..0ad0a88165 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_register.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_register.py
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ class RegistrationTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         hs_config["max_mau_value"] = 50
         hs_config["limit_usage_by_mau"] = True
 
-        hs = self.setup_test_homeserver(config=hs_config, expire_access_token=True)
+        hs = self.setup_test_homeserver(config=hs_config)
         return hs
 
     def prepare(self, reactor, clock, hs):
diff --git a/tests/server_notices/test_resource_limits_server_notices.py b/tests/server_notices/test_resource_limits_server_notices.py
index 984feb623f..cdf89e3383 100644
--- a/tests/server_notices/test_resource_limits_server_notices.py
+++ b/tests/server_notices/test_resource_limits_server_notices.py
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ class TestResourceLimitsServerNotices(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
             "room_name": "Server Notices",
         }
 
-        hs = self.setup_test_homeserver(config=hs_config, expire_access_token=True)
+        hs = self.setup_test_homeserver(config=hs_config)
         return hs
 
     def prepare(self, reactor, clock, hs):
diff --git a/tests/utils.py b/tests/utils.py
index 6350646263..f1eb9a545c 100644
--- a/tests/utils.py
+++ b/tests/utils.py
@@ -126,7 +126,6 @@ def default_config(name, parse=False):
         "enable_registration": True,
         "enable_registration_captcha": False,
         "macaroon_secret_key": "not even a little secret",
-        "expire_access_token": False,
         "trusted_third_party_id_servers": [],
         "room_invite_state_types": [],
         "password_providers": [],
-- 
cgit 1.5.1


From 8c9adcc95dee892f90d6acbbe5c54acbf621720b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Hubert Chathi <hubert@uhoreg.ca>
Date: Thu, 1 Aug 2019 22:09:05 -0400
Subject: fix formatting

---
 changelog.d/5769.feature        | 2 +-
 tests/handlers/test_e2e_keys.py | 4 +++-
 2 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

(limited to 'tests/handlers')

diff --git a/changelog.d/5769.feature b/changelog.d/5769.feature
index c34257cb8f..bf994ca327 100644
--- a/changelog.d/5769.feature
+++ b/changelog.d/5769.feature
@@ -1 +1 @@
-allow uploading of cross-signing keys
\ No newline at end of file
+Allow uploading of cross-signing keys.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_e2e_keys.py b/tests/handlers/test_e2e_keys.py
index 9ae4cb6ea2..a62c52eefa 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_e2e_keys.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_e2e_keys.py
@@ -176,7 +176,9 @@ class E2eKeysHandlerTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         }
         yield self.handler.upload_signing_keys_for_user(local_user, keys2)
 
-        devices = yield self.handler.query_devices({"device_keys": {local_user: []}}, 0, local_user)
+        devices = yield self.handler.query_devices(
+            {"device_keys": {local_user: []}}, 0, local_user
+        )
         self.assertDictEqual(devices["master_keys"], {local_user: keys2["master_key"]})
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-- 
cgit 1.5.1


From 4548d1f87e3ff3dc24b0af8f944276137d3228e3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Andrew Morgan <1342360+anoadragon453@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 30 Aug 2019 16:28:26 +0100
Subject:  Remove unnecessary parentheses around return statements  (#5931)

Python will return a tuple whether there are parentheses around the returned values or not.

I'm just sick of my editor complaining about this all over the place :)
---
 changelog.d/5931.misc                              |  1 +
 synapse/api/auth.py                                | 14 ++---
 synapse/app/frontend_proxy.py                      |  8 +--
 synapse/crypto/event_signing.py                    |  4 +-
 synapse/federation/federation_client.py            |  8 +--
 synapse/federation/federation_server.py            | 22 ++++----
 synapse/handlers/account_data.py                   |  4 +-
 synapse/handlers/auth.py                           |  8 +--
 synapse/handlers/federation.py                     |  2 +-
 synapse/handlers/initial_sync.py                   |  4 +-
 synapse/handlers/presence.py                       |  4 +-
 synapse/handlers/receipts.py                       |  2 +-
 synapse/handlers/register.py                       |  2 +-
 synapse/handlers/room_member.py                    |  2 +-
 synapse/handlers/sync.py                           |  8 +--
 synapse/handlers/typing.py                         |  2 +-
 synapse/http/federation/well_known_resolver.py     |  2 +-
 synapse/module_api/__init__.py                     |  2 +-
 synapse/notifier.py                                |  6 +-
 synapse/push/bulk_push_rule_evaluator.py           |  2 +-
 synapse/replication/http/federation.py             |  8 +--
 synapse/replication/http/login.py                  |  2 +-
 synapse/replication/http/membership.py             |  6 +-
 synapse/replication/http/register.py               |  4 +-
 synapse/replication/http/send_event.py             |  2 +-
 synapse/replication/tcp/streams/_base.py           |  8 +--
 synapse/rest/admin/__init__.py                     | 26 ++++-----
 synapse/rest/admin/media.py                        |  6 +-
 synapse/rest/admin/purge_room_servlet.py           |  2 +-
 synapse/rest/admin/server_notice_servlet.py        |  2 +-
 synapse/rest/admin/users.py                        |  4 +-
 synapse/rest/client/v1/directory.py                | 16 +++---
 synapse/rest/client/v1/events.py                   |  8 +--
 synapse/rest/client/v1/initial_sync.py             |  2 +-
 synapse/rest/client/v1/login.py                    |  6 +-
 synapse/rest/client/v1/logout.py                   |  8 +--
 synapse/rest/client/v1/presence.py                 |  6 +-
 synapse/rest/client/v1/profile.py                  | 18 +++---
 synapse/rest/client/v1/push_rule.py                | 10 ++--
 synapse/rest/client/v1/pusher.py                   |  6 +-
 synapse/rest/client/v1/room.py                     | 48 ++++++++--------
 synapse/rest/client/v1/voip.py                     |  4 +-
 synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/account.py            | 24 ++++----
 synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/account_data.py       |  8 +--
 synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/capabilities.py       |  2 +-
 synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/devices.py            | 10 ++--
 synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/filter.py             |  4 +-
 synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/groups.py             | 64 +++++++++++-----------
 synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/keys.py               |  8 +--
 synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/notifications.py      |  2 +-
 synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/read_marker.py        |  2 +-
 synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/receipts.py           |  2 +-
 synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/register.py           | 10 ++--
 synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/relations.py          |  8 +--
 synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/report_event.py       |  2 +-
 synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/room_keys.py          | 14 ++---
 .../client/v2_alpha/room_upgrade_rest_servlet.py   |  2 +-
 synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/sync.py               |  2 +-
 synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/tags.py               |  6 +-
 synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/thirdparty.py         | 10 ++--
 synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/user_directory.py     |  4 +-
 synapse/rest/media/v1/media_repository.py          |  4 +-
 synapse/rest/media/v1/thumbnailer.py               |  4 +-
 .../resource_limits_server_notices.py              |  2 +-
 synapse/storage/account_data.py                    |  8 +--
 synapse/storage/appservice.py                      |  2 +-
 synapse/storage/deviceinbox.py                     |  4 +-
 synapse/storage/devices.py                         | 10 ++--
 synapse/storage/events.py                          | 10 ++--
 synapse/storage/presence.py                        |  2 +-
 synapse/storage/pusher.py                          |  2 +-
 synapse/storage/receipts.py                        |  2 +-
 synapse/storage/stream.py                          | 12 ++--
 synapse/storage/util/id_generators.py              |  4 +-
 synapse/streams/config.py                          |  2 +-
 tests/handlers/test_register.py                    |  2 +-
 tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_register.py        |  2 +-
 tests/server.py                                    |  2 +-
 tests/test_server.py                               |  2 +-
 tests/test_state.py                                |  2 +-
 tests/utils.py                                     |  2 +-
 81 files changed, 287 insertions(+), 286 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 changelog.d/5931.misc

(limited to 'tests/handlers')

diff --git a/changelog.d/5931.misc b/changelog.d/5931.misc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ac8e74f5b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/5931.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Remove unnecessary parentheses in return statements.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/synapse/api/auth.py b/synapse/api/auth.py
index 7b3a5a8221..fd3cdf50b0 100644
--- a/synapse/api/auth.py
+++ b/synapse/api/auth.py
@@ -276,25 +276,25 @@ class Auth(object):
             self.get_access_token_from_request(request)
         )
         if app_service is None:
-            return (None, None)
+            return None, None
 
         if app_service.ip_range_whitelist:
             ip_address = IPAddress(self.hs.get_ip_from_request(request))
             if ip_address not in app_service.ip_range_whitelist:
-                return (None, None)
+                return None, None
 
         if b"user_id" not in request.args:
-            return (app_service.sender, app_service)
+            return app_service.sender, app_service
 
         user_id = request.args[b"user_id"][0].decode("utf8")
         if app_service.sender == user_id:
-            return (app_service.sender, app_service)
+            return app_service.sender, app_service
 
         if not app_service.is_interested_in_user(user_id):
             raise AuthError(403, "Application service cannot masquerade as this user.")
         if not (yield self.store.get_user_by_id(user_id)):
             raise AuthError(403, "Application service has not registered this user")
-        return (user_id, app_service)
+        return user_id, app_service
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_user_by_access_token(self, token, rights="access"):
@@ -694,7 +694,7 @@ class Auth(object):
             #  * The user is a guest user, and has joined the room
             # else it will throw.
             member_event = yield self.check_user_was_in_room(room_id, user_id)
-            return (member_event.membership, member_event.event_id)
+            return member_event.membership, member_event.event_id
         except AuthError:
             visibility = yield self.state.get_current_state(
                 room_id, EventTypes.RoomHistoryVisibility, ""
@@ -703,7 +703,7 @@ class Auth(object):
                 visibility
                 and visibility.content["history_visibility"] == "world_readable"
             ):
-                return (Membership.JOIN, None)
+                return Membership.JOIN, None
                 return
             raise AuthError(
                 403, "Guest access not allowed", errcode=Codes.GUEST_ACCESS_FORBIDDEN
diff --git a/synapse/app/frontend_proxy.py b/synapse/app/frontend_proxy.py
index 611d285421..9504bfbc70 100644
--- a/synapse/app/frontend_proxy.py
+++ b/synapse/app/frontend_proxy.py
@@ -70,12 +70,12 @@ class PresenceStatusStubServlet(RestServlet):
         except HttpResponseException as e:
             raise e.to_synapse_error()
 
-        return (200, result)
+        return 200, result
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_PUT(self, request, user_id):
         yield self.auth.get_user_by_req(request)
-        return (200, {})
+        return 200, {}
 
 
 class KeyUploadServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -126,11 +126,11 @@ class KeyUploadServlet(RestServlet):
                 self.main_uri + request.uri.decode("ascii"), body, headers=headers
             )
 
-            return (200, result)
+            return 200, result
         else:
             # Just interested in counts.
             result = yield self.store.count_e2e_one_time_keys(user_id, device_id)
-            return (200, {"one_time_key_counts": result})
+            return 200, {"one_time_key_counts": result}
 
 
 class FrontendProxySlavedStore(
diff --git a/synapse/crypto/event_signing.py b/synapse/crypto/event_signing.py
index 41eabbe717..694fb2c816 100644
--- a/synapse/crypto/event_signing.py
+++ b/synapse/crypto/event_signing.py
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ def compute_content_hash(event_dict, hash_algorithm):
     event_json_bytes = encode_canonical_json(event_dict)
 
     hashed = hash_algorithm(event_json_bytes)
-    return (hashed.name, hashed.digest())
+    return hashed.name, hashed.digest()
 
 
 def compute_event_reference_hash(event, hash_algorithm=hashlib.sha256):
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ def compute_event_reference_hash(event, hash_algorithm=hashlib.sha256):
     event_dict.pop("unsigned", None)
     event_json_bytes = encode_canonical_json(event_dict)
     hashed = hash_algorithm(event_json_bytes)
-    return (hashed.name, hashed.digest())
+    return hashed.name, hashed.digest()
 
 
 def compute_event_signature(event_dict, signature_name, signing_key):
diff --git a/synapse/federation/federation_client.py b/synapse/federation/federation_client.py
index bec3080895..6ee6216660 100644
--- a/synapse/federation/federation_client.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/federation_client.py
@@ -355,7 +355,7 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
 
             auth_chain.sort(key=lambda e: e.depth)
 
-            return (pdus, auth_chain)
+            return pdus, auth_chain
         except HttpResponseException as e:
             if e.code == 400 or e.code == 404:
                 logger.info("Failed to use get_room_state_ids API, falling back")
@@ -404,7 +404,7 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
 
         signed_auth.sort(key=lambda e: e.depth)
 
-        return (signed_pdus, signed_auth)
+        return signed_pdus, signed_auth
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_events_from_store_or_dest(self, destination, room_id, event_ids):
@@ -429,7 +429,7 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
             missing_events.discard(k)
 
         if not missing_events:
-            return (signed_events, failed_to_fetch)
+            return signed_events, failed_to_fetch
 
         logger.debug(
             "Fetching unknown state/auth events %s for room %s",
@@ -465,7 +465,7 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
             # We removed all events we successfully fetched from `batch`
             failed_to_fetch.update(batch)
 
-        return (signed_events, failed_to_fetch)
+        return signed_events, failed_to_fetch
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     @log_function
diff --git a/synapse/federation/federation_server.py b/synapse/federation/federation_server.py
index 05fd49f3c1..e5f0b90aec 100644
--- a/synapse/federation/federation_server.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/federation_server.py
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
 
             res = self._transaction_from_pdus(pdus).get_dict()
 
-        return (200, res)
+        return 200, res
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     @log_function
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
             yield self.transaction_actions.set_response(
                 origin, transaction, 400, response
             )
-            return (400, response)
+            return 400, response
 
         received_pdus_counter.inc(len(transaction.pdus))
 
@@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
         logger.debug("Returning: %s", str(response))
 
         yield self.transaction_actions.set_response(origin, transaction, 200, response)
-        return (200, response)
+        return 200, response
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def received_edu(self, origin, edu_type, content):
@@ -298,7 +298,7 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
                 event_id,
             )
 
-        return (200, resp)
+        return 200, resp
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_state_ids_request(self, origin, room_id, event_id):
@@ -315,7 +315,7 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
         state_ids = yield self.handler.get_state_ids_for_pdu(room_id, event_id)
         auth_chain_ids = yield self.store.get_auth_chain_ids(state_ids)
 
-        return (200, {"pdu_ids": state_ids, "auth_chain_ids": auth_chain_ids})
+        return 200, {"pdu_ids": state_ids, "auth_chain_ids": auth_chain_ids}
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _on_context_state_request_compute(self, room_id, event_id):
@@ -345,15 +345,15 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
         pdu = yield self.handler.get_persisted_pdu(origin, event_id)
 
         if pdu:
-            return (200, self._transaction_from_pdus([pdu]).get_dict())
+            return 200, self._transaction_from_pdus([pdu]).get_dict()
         else:
-            return (404, "")
+            return 404, ""
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_query_request(self, query_type, args):
         received_queries_counter.labels(query_type).inc()
         resp = yield self.registry.on_query(query_type, args)
-        return (200, resp)
+        return 200, resp
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_make_join_request(self, origin, room_id, user_id, supported_versions):
@@ -435,7 +435,7 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
 
         logger.debug("on_send_leave_request: pdu sigs: %s", pdu.signatures)
         yield self.handler.on_send_leave_request(origin, pdu)
-        return (200, {})
+        return 200, {}
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_event_auth(self, origin, room_id, event_id):
@@ -446,7 +446,7 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
             time_now = self._clock.time_msec()
             auth_pdus = yield self.handler.on_event_auth(event_id)
             res = {"auth_chain": [a.get_pdu_json(time_now) for a in auth_pdus]}
-        return (200, res)
+        return 200, res
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_query_auth_request(self, origin, content, room_id, event_id):
@@ -499,7 +499,7 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
                 "missing": ret.get("missing", []),
             }
 
-        return (200, send_content)
+        return 200, send_content
 
     @log_function
     def on_query_client_keys(self, origin, content):
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/account_data.py b/synapse/handlers/account_data.py
index 8acd9f9a83..38bc67191c 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/account_data.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/account_data.py
@@ -51,8 +51,8 @@ class AccountDataEventSource(object):
                     {"type": account_data_type, "content": content, "room_id": room_id}
                 )
 
-        return (results, current_stream_id)
+        return results, current_stream_id
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_pagination_rows(self, user, config, key):
-        return ([], config.to_id)
+        return [], config.to_id
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/auth.py b/synapse/handlers/auth.py
index 0f3ebf7ef8..f844409d21 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/auth.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/auth.py
@@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
                     creds,
                     list(clientdict),
                 )
-                return (creds, clientdict, session["id"])
+                return creds, clientdict, session["id"]
 
         ret = self._auth_dict_for_flows(flows, session)
         ret["completed"] = list(creds)
@@ -722,7 +722,7 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
                 known_login_type = True
                 is_valid = yield provider.check_password(qualified_user_id, password)
                 if is_valid:
-                    return (qualified_user_id, None)
+                    return qualified_user_id, None
 
             if not hasattr(provider, "get_supported_login_types") or not hasattr(
                 provider, "check_auth"
@@ -766,7 +766,7 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
             )
 
             if canonical_user_id:
-                return (canonical_user_id, None)
+                return canonical_user_id, None
 
         if not known_login_type:
             raise SynapseError(400, "Unknown login type %s" % login_type)
@@ -816,7 +816,7 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
                         result = (result, None)
                     return result
 
-        return (None, None)
+        return None, None
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _check_local_password(self, user_id, password):
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/federation.py b/synapse/handlers/federation.py
index 94306c94a9..538b16efd6 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/federation.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/federation.py
@@ -1428,7 +1428,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
         assert event.user_id == user_id
         assert event.state_key == user_id
         assert event.room_id == room_id
-        return (origin, event, format_ver)
+        return origin, event, format_ver
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     @log_function
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/initial_sync.py b/synapse/handlers/initial_sync.py
index 42d6650ed9..595f75400b 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/initial_sync.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/initial_sync.py
@@ -449,7 +449,7 @@ class InitialSyncHandler(BaseHandler):
             #  * The user is a guest user, and has joined the room
             # else it will throw.
             member_event = yield self.auth.check_user_was_in_room(room_id, user_id)
-            return (member_event.membership, member_event.event_id)
+            return member_event.membership, member_event.event_id
             return
         except AuthError:
             visibility = yield self.state_handler.get_current_state(
@@ -459,7 +459,7 @@ class InitialSyncHandler(BaseHandler):
                 visibility
                 and visibility.content["history_visibility"] == "world_readable"
             ):
-                return (Membership.JOIN, None)
+                return Membership.JOIN, None
                 return
             raise AuthError(
                 403, "Guest access not allowed", errcode=Codes.GUEST_ACCESS_FORBIDDEN
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/presence.py b/synapse/handlers/presence.py
index 94a9ca0357..8377a0ddc2 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/presence.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/presence.py
@@ -1032,7 +1032,7 @@ class PresenceEventSource(object):
                 #
                 # Hence this guard where we just return nothing so that the sync
                 # doesn't return. C.f. #5503.
-                return ([], max_token)
+                return [], max_token
 
             presence = self.get_presence_handler()
             stream_change_cache = self.store.presence_stream_cache
@@ -1279,7 +1279,7 @@ def get_interested_parties(store, states):
         # Always notify self
         users_to_states.setdefault(state.user_id, []).append(state)
 
-    return (room_ids_to_states, users_to_states)
+    return room_ids_to_states, users_to_states
 
 
 @defer.inlineCallbacks
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/receipts.py b/synapse/handlers/receipts.py
index 73973502a4..6854c751a6 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/receipts.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/receipts.py
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ class ReceiptEventSource(object):
         to_key = yield self.get_current_key()
 
         if from_key == to_key:
-            return ([], to_key)
+            return [], to_key
 
         events = yield self.store.get_linearized_receipts_for_rooms(
             room_ids, from_key=from_key, to_key=to_key
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/register.py b/synapse/handlers/register.py
index 4631fab94e..be0425a33b 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/register.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/register.py
@@ -622,7 +622,7 @@ class RegistrationHandler(BaseHandler):
                 initial_display_name=initial_display_name,
                 is_guest=is_guest,
             )
-            return (r["device_id"], r["access_token"])
+            return r["device_id"], r["access_token"]
 
         valid_until_ms = None
         if self.session_lifetime is not None:
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/room_member.py b/synapse/handlers/room_member.py
index 249a6d9c5d..f03a2bd540 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/room_member.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/room_member.py
@@ -903,7 +903,7 @@ class RoomMemberHandler(object):
         if not public_keys:
             public_keys.append(fallback_public_key)
         display_name = data["display_name"]
-        return (token, public_keys, fallback_public_key, display_name)
+        return token, public_keys, fallback_public_key, display_name
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _is_host_in_room(self, current_state_ids):
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/sync.py b/synapse/handlers/sync.py
index ef7f2ca980..d582f8e494 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/sync.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/sync.py
@@ -378,7 +378,7 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
                 event_copy = {k: v for (k, v) in iteritems(event) if k != "room_id"}
                 ephemeral_by_room.setdefault(room_id, []).append(event_copy)
 
-        return (now_token, ephemeral_by_room)
+        return now_token, ephemeral_by_room
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _load_filtered_recents(
@@ -1332,7 +1332,7 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
                     )
                     if not tags_by_room:
                         logger.debug("no-oping sync")
-                        return ([], [], [], [])
+                        return [], [], [], []
 
         ignored_account_data = yield self.store.get_global_account_data_by_type_for_user(
             "m.ignored_user_list", user_id=user_id
@@ -1642,7 +1642,7 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
                 )
             room_entries.append(entry)
 
-        return (room_entries, invited, newly_joined_rooms, newly_left_rooms)
+        return room_entries, invited, newly_joined_rooms, newly_left_rooms
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _get_all_rooms(self, sync_result_builder, ignored_users):
@@ -1716,7 +1716,7 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
                     )
                 )
 
-        return (room_entries, invited, [])
+        return room_entries, invited, []
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _generate_room_entry(
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/typing.py b/synapse/handlers/typing.py
index f882330293..ca8ae9fb5b 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/typing.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/typing.py
@@ -319,4 +319,4 @@ class TypingNotificationEventSource(object):
         return self.get_typing_handler()._latest_room_serial
 
     def get_pagination_rows(self, user, pagination_config, key):
-        return ([], pagination_config.from_key)
+        return [], pagination_config.from_key
diff --git a/synapse/http/federation/well_known_resolver.py b/synapse/http/federation/well_known_resolver.py
index 5e9b0befb0..7ddfad286d 100644
--- a/synapse/http/federation/well_known_resolver.py
+++ b/synapse/http/federation/well_known_resolver.py
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ class WellKnownResolver(object):
             cache_period + WELL_KNOWN_REMEMBER_DOMAIN_HAD_VALID,
         )
 
-        return (result, cache_period)
+        return result, cache_period
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _make_well_known_request(self, server_name, retry):
diff --git a/synapse/module_api/__init__.py b/synapse/module_api/__init__.py
index 41147d4292..735b882363 100644
--- a/synapse/module_api/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/module_api/__init__.py
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ class ModuleApi(object):
         )
         user_id = yield self.register_user(localpart, displayname, emails)
         _, access_token = yield self.register_device(user_id)
-        return (user_id, access_token)
+        return user_id, access_token
 
     def register_user(self, localpart, displayname=None, emails=[]):
         """Registers a new user with given localpart and optional displayname, emails.
diff --git a/synapse/notifier.py b/synapse/notifier.py
index bd80c801b6..4e091314e6 100644
--- a/synapse/notifier.py
+++ b/synapse/notifier.py
@@ -472,11 +472,11 @@ class Notifier(object):
         joined_room_ids = yield self.store.get_rooms_for_user(user.to_string())
         if explicit_room_id:
             if explicit_room_id in joined_room_ids:
-                return ([explicit_room_id], True)
+                return [explicit_room_id], True
             if (yield self._is_world_readable(explicit_room_id)):
-                return ([explicit_room_id], False)
+                return [explicit_room_id], False
             raise AuthError(403, "Non-joined access not allowed")
-        return (joined_room_ids, True)
+        return joined_room_ids, True
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _is_world_readable(self, room_id):
diff --git a/synapse/push/bulk_push_rule_evaluator.py b/synapse/push/bulk_push_rule_evaluator.py
index c831975635..22491f3700 100644
--- a/synapse/push/bulk_push_rule_evaluator.py
+++ b/synapse/push/bulk_push_rule_evaluator.py
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ class BulkPushRuleEvaluator(object):
 
         pl_event = auth_events.get(POWER_KEY)
 
-        return (pl_event.content if pl_event else {}, sender_level)
+        return pl_event.content if pl_event else {}, sender_level
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def action_for_event_by_user(self, event, context):
diff --git a/synapse/replication/http/federation.py b/synapse/replication/http/federation.py
index fed4f08820..2f16955954 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/http/federation.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/http/federation.py
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ class ReplicationFederationSendEventsRestServlet(ReplicationEndpoint):
             event_and_contexts, backfilled
         )
 
-        return (200, {})
+        return 200, {}
 
 
 class ReplicationFederationSendEduRestServlet(ReplicationEndpoint):
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ class ReplicationFederationSendEduRestServlet(ReplicationEndpoint):
 
         result = yield self.registry.on_edu(edu_type, origin, edu_content)
 
-        return (200, result)
+        return 200, result
 
 
 class ReplicationGetQueryRestServlet(ReplicationEndpoint):
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ class ReplicationGetQueryRestServlet(ReplicationEndpoint):
 
         result = yield self.registry.on_query(query_type, args)
 
-        return (200, result)
+        return 200, result
 
 
 class ReplicationCleanRoomRestServlet(ReplicationEndpoint):
@@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ class ReplicationCleanRoomRestServlet(ReplicationEndpoint):
     def _handle_request(self, request, room_id):
         yield self.store.clean_room_for_join(room_id)
 
-        return (200, {})
+        return 200, {}
 
 
 def register_servlets(hs, http_server):
diff --git a/synapse/replication/http/login.py b/synapse/replication/http/login.py
index f17d3a2da4..786f5232b2 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/http/login.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/http/login.py
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ class RegisterDeviceReplicationServlet(ReplicationEndpoint):
             user_id, device_id, initial_display_name, is_guest
         )
 
-        return (200, {"device_id": device_id, "access_token": access_token})
+        return 200, {"device_id": device_id, "access_token": access_token}
 
 
 def register_servlets(hs, http_server):
diff --git a/synapse/replication/http/membership.py b/synapse/replication/http/membership.py
index 4217335d88..b9ce3477ad 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/http/membership.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/http/membership.py
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ class ReplicationRemoteJoinRestServlet(ReplicationEndpoint):
             remote_room_hosts, room_id, user_id, event_content
         )
 
-        return (200, {})
+        return 200, {}
 
 
 class ReplicationRemoteRejectInviteRestServlet(ReplicationEndpoint):
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ class ReplicationRemoteRejectInviteRestServlet(ReplicationEndpoint):
             yield self.store.locally_reject_invite(user_id, room_id)
             ret = {}
 
-        return (200, ret)
+        return 200, ret
 
 
 class ReplicationUserJoinedLeftRoomRestServlet(ReplicationEndpoint):
@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ class ReplicationUserJoinedLeftRoomRestServlet(ReplicationEndpoint):
         else:
             raise Exception("Unrecognized change: %r", change)
 
-        return (200, {})
+        return 200, {}
 
 
 def register_servlets(hs, http_server):
diff --git a/synapse/replication/http/register.py b/synapse/replication/http/register.py
index 3341320a87..87fe2dd9b0 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/http/register.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/http/register.py
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ class ReplicationRegisterServlet(ReplicationEndpoint):
             address=content["address"],
         )
 
-        return (200, {})
+        return 200, {}
 
 
 class ReplicationPostRegisterActionsServlet(ReplicationEndpoint):
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ class ReplicationPostRegisterActionsServlet(ReplicationEndpoint):
             bind_msisdn=bind_msisdn,
         )
 
-        return (200, {})
+        return 200, {}
 
 
 def register_servlets(hs, http_server):
diff --git a/synapse/replication/http/send_event.py b/synapse/replication/http/send_event.py
index eff7bd7305..adb9b2f7f4 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/http/send_event.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/http/send_event.py
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ class ReplicationSendEventRestServlet(ReplicationEndpoint):
             requester, event, context, ratelimit=ratelimit, extra_users=extra_users
         )
 
-        return (200, {})
+        return 200, {}
 
 
 def register_servlets(hs, http_server):
diff --git a/synapse/replication/tcp/streams/_base.py b/synapse/replication/tcp/streams/_base.py
index c10b85d2ff..f03111c259 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/tcp/streams/_base.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/tcp/streams/_base.py
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ class Stream(object):
         updates, current_token = yield self.get_updates_since(self.last_token)
         self.last_token = current_token
 
-        return (updates, current_token)
+        return updates, current_token
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_updates_since(self, from_token):
@@ -172,14 +172,14 @@ class Stream(object):
                 sent over the replication steam.
         """
         if from_token in ("NOW", "now"):
-            return ([], self.upto_token)
+            return [], self.upto_token
 
         current_token = self.upto_token
 
         from_token = int(from_token)
 
         if from_token == current_token:
-            return ([], current_token)
+            return [], current_token
 
         if self._LIMITED:
             rows = yield self.update_function(
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ class Stream(object):
         if self._LIMITED and len(updates) >= MAX_EVENTS_BEHIND:
             raise Exception("stream %s has fallen behind" % (self.NAME))
 
-        return (updates, current_token)
+        return updates, current_token
 
     def current_token(self):
         """Gets the current token of the underlying streams. Should be provided
diff --git a/synapse/rest/admin/__init__.py b/synapse/rest/admin/__init__.py
index fa91cc8dee..b4761adaed 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/admin/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/admin/__init__.py
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ class UsersRestServlet(RestServlet):
 
         ret = yield self.handlers.admin_handler.get_users()
 
-        return (200, ret)
+        return 200, ret
 
 
 class VersionServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ class UserRegisterServlet(RestServlet):
 
         nonce = self.hs.get_secrets().token_hex(64)
         self.nonces[nonce] = int(self.reactor.seconds())
-        return (200, {"nonce": nonce})
+        return 200, {"nonce": nonce}
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_POST(self, request):
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ class UserRegisterServlet(RestServlet):
         )
 
         result = yield register._create_registration_details(user_id, body)
-        return (200, result)
+        return 200, result
 
 
 class WhoisRestServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ class WhoisRestServlet(RestServlet):
 
         ret = yield self.handlers.admin_handler.get_whois(target_user)
 
-        return (200, ret)
+        return 200, ret
 
 
 class PurgeHistoryRestServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -322,7 +322,7 @@ class PurgeHistoryRestServlet(RestServlet):
             room_id, token, delete_local_events=delete_local_events
         )
 
-        return (200, {"purge_id": purge_id})
+        return 200, {"purge_id": purge_id}
 
 
 class PurgeHistoryStatusRestServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -347,7 +347,7 @@ class PurgeHistoryStatusRestServlet(RestServlet):
         if purge_status is None:
             raise NotFoundError("purge id '%s' not found" % purge_id)
 
-        return (200, purge_status.asdict())
+        return 200, purge_status.asdict()
 
 
 class DeactivateAccountRestServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -379,7 +379,7 @@ class DeactivateAccountRestServlet(RestServlet):
         else:
             id_server_unbind_result = "no-support"
 
-        return (200, {"id_server_unbind_result": id_server_unbind_result})
+        return 200, {"id_server_unbind_result": id_server_unbind_result}
 
 
 class ShutdownRoomRestServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -549,7 +549,7 @@ class ResetPasswordRestServlet(RestServlet):
         yield self._set_password_handler.set_password(
             target_user_id, new_password, requester
         )
-        return (200, {})
+        return 200, {}
 
 
 class GetUsersPaginatedRestServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -591,7 +591,7 @@ class GetUsersPaginatedRestServlet(RestServlet):
         logger.info("limit: %s, start: %s", limit, start)
 
         ret = yield self.handlers.admin_handler.get_users_paginate(order, start, limit)
-        return (200, ret)
+        return 200, ret
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_POST(self, request, target_user_id):
@@ -619,7 +619,7 @@ class GetUsersPaginatedRestServlet(RestServlet):
         logger.info("limit: %s, start: %s", limit, start)
 
         ret = yield self.handlers.admin_handler.get_users_paginate(order, start, limit)
-        return (200, ret)
+        return 200, ret
 
 
 class SearchUsersRestServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -662,7 +662,7 @@ class SearchUsersRestServlet(RestServlet):
         logger.info("term: %s ", term)
 
         ret = yield self.handlers.admin_handler.search_users(term)
-        return (200, ret)
+        return 200, ret
 
 
 class DeleteGroupAdminRestServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -685,7 +685,7 @@ class DeleteGroupAdminRestServlet(RestServlet):
             raise SynapseError(400, "Can only delete local groups")
 
         yield self.group_server.delete_group(group_id, requester.user.to_string())
-        return (200, {})
+        return 200, {}
 
 
 class AccountValidityRenewServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -716,7 +716,7 @@ class AccountValidityRenewServlet(RestServlet):
         )
 
         res = {"expiration_ts": expiration_ts}
-        return (200, res)
+        return 200, res
 
 
 ########################################################################################
diff --git a/synapse/rest/admin/media.py b/synapse/rest/admin/media.py
index 824df919f2..f3f63f0be7 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/admin/media.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/admin/media.py
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ class QuarantineMediaInRoom(RestServlet):
             room_id, requester.user.to_string()
         )
 
-        return (200, {"num_quarantined": num_quarantined})
+        return 200, {"num_quarantined": num_quarantined}
 
 
 class ListMediaInRoom(RestServlet):
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ class ListMediaInRoom(RestServlet):
 
         local_mxcs, remote_mxcs = yield self.store.get_media_mxcs_in_room(room_id)
 
-        return (200, {"local": local_mxcs, "remote": remote_mxcs})
+        return 200, {"local": local_mxcs, "remote": remote_mxcs}
 
 
 class PurgeMediaCacheRestServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ class PurgeMediaCacheRestServlet(RestServlet):
 
         ret = yield self.media_repository.delete_old_remote_media(before_ts)
 
-        return (200, ret)
+        return 200, ret
 
 
 def register_servlets_for_media_repo(hs, http_server):
diff --git a/synapse/rest/admin/purge_room_servlet.py b/synapse/rest/admin/purge_room_servlet.py
index 2922eb543e..f474066542 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/admin/purge_room_servlet.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/admin/purge_room_servlet.py
@@ -54,4 +54,4 @@ class PurgeRoomServlet(RestServlet):
 
         await self.pagination_handler.purge_room(body["room_id"])
 
-        return (200, {})
+        return 200, {}
diff --git a/synapse/rest/admin/server_notice_servlet.py b/synapse/rest/admin/server_notice_servlet.py
index 656526fea5..ae2cbe2e0a 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/admin/server_notice_servlet.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/admin/server_notice_servlet.py
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ class SendServerNoticeServlet(RestServlet):
             event_content=body["content"],
         )
 
-        return (200, {"event_id": event.event_id})
+        return 200, {"event_id": event.event_id}
 
     def on_PUT(self, request, txn_id):
         return self.txns.fetch_or_execute_request(
diff --git a/synapse/rest/admin/users.py b/synapse/rest/admin/users.py
index 5364117420..9720a3bab0 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/admin/users.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/admin/users.py
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ class UserAdminServlet(RestServlet):
         is_admin = yield self.handlers.admin_handler.get_user_server_admin(target_user)
         is_admin = bool(is_admin)
 
-        return (200, {"admin": is_admin})
+        return 200, {"admin": is_admin}
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_PUT(self, request, user_id):
@@ -97,4 +97,4 @@ class UserAdminServlet(RestServlet):
             target_user, set_admin_to
         )
 
-        return (200, {})
+        return 200, {}
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v1/directory.py b/synapse/rest/client/v1/directory.py
index 4284738021..4ea3666874 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v1/directory.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v1/directory.py
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ class ClientDirectoryServer(RestServlet):
         dir_handler = self.handlers.directory_handler
         res = yield dir_handler.get_association(room_alias)
 
-        return (200, res)
+        return 200, res
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_PUT(self, request, room_alias):
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ class ClientDirectoryServer(RestServlet):
             requester, room_alias, room_id, servers
         )
 
-        return (200, {})
+        return 200, {}
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_DELETE(self, request, room_alias):
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ class ClientDirectoryServer(RestServlet):
                 service.url,
                 room_alias.to_string(),
             )
-            return (200, {})
+            return 200, {}
         except InvalidClientCredentialsError:
             # fallback to default user behaviour if they aren't an AS
             pass
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ class ClientDirectoryServer(RestServlet):
             "User %s deleted alias %s", user.to_string(), room_alias.to_string()
         )
 
-        return (200, {})
+        return 200, {}
 
 
 class ClientDirectoryListServer(RestServlet):
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ class ClientDirectoryListServer(RestServlet):
         if room is None:
             raise NotFoundError("Unknown room")
 
-        return (200, {"visibility": "public" if room["is_public"] else "private"})
+        return 200, {"visibility": "public" if room["is_public"] else "private"}
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_PUT(self, request, room_id):
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ class ClientDirectoryListServer(RestServlet):
             requester, room_id, visibility
         )
 
-        return (200, {})
+        return 200, {}
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_DELETE(self, request, room_id):
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ class ClientDirectoryListServer(RestServlet):
             requester, room_id, "private"
         )
 
-        return (200, {})
+        return 200, {}
 
 
 class ClientAppserviceDirectoryListServer(RestServlet):
@@ -193,4 +193,4 @@ class ClientAppserviceDirectoryListServer(RestServlet):
             requester.app_service.id, network_id, room_id, visibility
         )
 
-        return (200, {})
+        return 200, {}
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v1/events.py b/synapse/rest/client/v1/events.py
index 53ebed2203..6651b4cf07 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v1/events.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v1/events.py
@@ -67,10 +67,10 @@ class EventStreamRestServlet(RestServlet):
             is_guest=is_guest,
         )
 
-        return (200, chunk)
+        return 200, chunk
 
     def on_OPTIONS(self, request):
-        return (200, {})
+        return 200, {}
 
 
 # TODO: Unit test gets, with and without auth, with different kinds of events.
@@ -91,9 +91,9 @@ class EventRestServlet(RestServlet):
         time_now = self.clock.time_msec()
         if event:
             event = yield self._event_serializer.serialize_event(event, time_now)
-            return (200, event)
+            return 200, event
         else:
-            return (404, "Event not found.")
+            return 404, "Event not found."
 
 
 def register_servlets(hs, http_server):
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v1/initial_sync.py b/synapse/rest/client/v1/initial_sync.py
index 70b8478e90..2da3cd7511 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v1/initial_sync.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v1/initial_sync.py
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ class InitialSyncRestServlet(RestServlet):
             include_archived=include_archived,
         )
 
-        return (200, content)
+        return 200, content
 
 
 def register_servlets(hs, http_server):
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v1/login.py b/synapse/rest/client/v1/login.py
index 5762b9fd06..25a1b67092 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v1/login.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v1/login.py
@@ -121,10 +121,10 @@ class LoginRestServlet(RestServlet):
             ({"type": t} for t in self.auth_handler.get_supported_login_types())
         )
 
-        return (200, {"flows": flows})
+        return 200, {"flows": flows}
 
     def on_OPTIONS(self, request):
-        return (200, {})
+        return 200, {}
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_POST(self, request):
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ class LoginRestServlet(RestServlet):
         well_known_data = self._well_known_builder.get_well_known()
         if well_known_data:
             result["well_known"] = well_known_data
-        return (200, result)
+        return 200, result
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _do_other_login(self, login_submission):
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v1/logout.py b/synapse/rest/client/v1/logout.py
index 2769f3a189..4785a34d75 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v1/logout.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v1/logout.py
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ class LogoutRestServlet(RestServlet):
         self._device_handler = hs.get_device_handler()
 
     def on_OPTIONS(self, request):
-        return (200, {})
+        return 200, {}
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_POST(self, request):
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ class LogoutRestServlet(RestServlet):
                 requester.user.to_string(), requester.device_id
             )
 
-        return (200, {})
+        return 200, {}
 
 
 class LogoutAllRestServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ class LogoutAllRestServlet(RestServlet):
         self._device_handler = hs.get_device_handler()
 
     def on_OPTIONS(self, request):
-        return (200, {})
+        return 200, {}
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_POST(self, request):
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ class LogoutAllRestServlet(RestServlet):
         # .. and then delete any access tokens which weren't associated with
         # devices.
         yield self._auth_handler.delete_access_tokens_for_user(user_id)
-        return (200, {})
+        return 200, {}
 
 
 def register_servlets(hs, http_server):
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v1/presence.py b/synapse/rest/client/v1/presence.py
index 1eb1068c98..0153525cef 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v1/presence.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v1/presence.py
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ class PresenceStatusRestServlet(RestServlet):
         state = yield self.presence_handler.get_state(target_user=user)
         state = format_user_presence_state(state, self.clock.time_msec())
 
-        return (200, state)
+        return 200, state
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_PUT(self, request, user_id):
@@ -88,10 +88,10 @@ class PresenceStatusRestServlet(RestServlet):
         if self.hs.config.use_presence:
             yield self.presence_handler.set_state(user, state)
 
-        return (200, {})
+        return 200, {}
 
     def on_OPTIONS(self, request):
-        return (200, {})
+        return 200, {}
 
 
 def register_servlets(hs, http_server):
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v1/profile.py b/synapse/rest/client/v1/profile.py
index 2657ae45bb..bbce2e2b71 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v1/profile.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v1/profile.py
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ class ProfileDisplaynameRestServlet(RestServlet):
         if displayname is not None:
             ret["displayname"] = displayname
 
-        return (200, ret)
+        return 200, ret
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_PUT(self, request, user_id):
@@ -61,14 +61,14 @@ class ProfileDisplaynameRestServlet(RestServlet):
         try:
             new_name = content["displayname"]
         except Exception:
-            return (400, "Unable to parse name")
+            return 400, "Unable to parse name"
 
         yield self.profile_handler.set_displayname(user, requester, new_name, is_admin)
 
-        return (200, {})
+        return 200, {}
 
     def on_OPTIONS(self, request, user_id):
-        return (200, {})
+        return 200, {}
 
 
 class ProfileAvatarURLRestServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ class ProfileAvatarURLRestServlet(RestServlet):
         if avatar_url is not None:
             ret["avatar_url"] = avatar_url
 
-        return (200, ret)
+        return 200, ret
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_PUT(self, request, user_id):
@@ -110,14 +110,14 @@ class ProfileAvatarURLRestServlet(RestServlet):
         try:
             new_name = content["avatar_url"]
         except Exception:
-            return (400, "Unable to parse name")
+            return 400, "Unable to parse name"
 
         yield self.profile_handler.set_avatar_url(user, requester, new_name, is_admin)
 
-        return (200, {})
+        return 200, {}
 
     def on_OPTIONS(self, request, user_id):
-        return (200, {})
+        return 200, {}
 
 
 class ProfileRestServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ class ProfileRestServlet(RestServlet):
         if avatar_url is not None:
             ret["avatar_url"] = avatar_url
 
-        return (200, ret)
+        return 200, ret
 
 
 def register_servlets(hs, http_server):
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v1/push_rule.py b/synapse/rest/client/v1/push_rule.py
index c3ae8b98a8..9f8c3d09e3 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v1/push_rule.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v1/push_rule.py
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ class PushRuleRestServlet(RestServlet):
         if "attr" in spec:
             yield self.set_rule_attr(user_id, spec, content)
             self.notify_user(user_id)
-            return (200, {})
+            return 200, {}
 
         if spec["rule_id"].startswith("."):
             # Rule ids starting with '.' are reserved for server default rules.
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ class PushRuleRestServlet(RestServlet):
         except RuleNotFoundException as e:
             raise SynapseError(400, str(e))
 
-        return (200, {})
+        return 200, {}
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_DELETE(self, request, path):
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ class PushRuleRestServlet(RestServlet):
         try:
             yield self.store.delete_push_rule(user_id, namespaced_rule_id)
             self.notify_user(user_id)
-            return (200, {})
+            return 200, {}
         except StoreError as e:
             if e.code == 404:
                 raise NotFoundError()
@@ -151,10 +151,10 @@ class PushRuleRestServlet(RestServlet):
             )
 
         if path[0] == "":
-            return (200, rules)
+            return 200, rules
         elif path[0] == "global":
             result = _filter_ruleset_with_path(rules["global"], path[1:])
-            return (200, result)
+            return 200, result
         else:
             raise UnrecognizedRequestError()
 
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v1/pusher.py b/synapse/rest/client/v1/pusher.py
index ebc3dec516..41660682d9 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v1/pusher.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v1/pusher.py
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ class PushersRestServlet(RestServlet):
                 if k not in allowed_keys:
                     del p[k]
 
-        return (200, {"pushers": pushers})
+        return 200, {"pushers": pushers}
 
     def on_OPTIONS(self, _):
         return 200, {}
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ class PushersSetRestServlet(RestServlet):
             yield self.pusher_pool.remove_pusher(
                 content["app_id"], content["pushkey"], user_id=user.to_string()
             )
-            return (200, {})
+            return 200, {}
 
         assert_params_in_dict(
             content,
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ class PushersSetRestServlet(RestServlet):
 
         self.notifier.on_new_replication_data()
 
-        return (200, {})
+        return 200, {}
 
     def on_OPTIONS(self, _):
         return 200, {}
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v1/room.py b/synapse/rest/client/v1/room.py
index 4b2344e696..f244e8f469 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v1/room.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v1/room.py
@@ -91,14 +91,14 @@ class RoomCreateRestServlet(TransactionRestServlet):
             requester, self.get_room_config(request)
         )
 
-        return (200, info)
+        return 200, info
 
     def get_room_config(self, request):
         user_supplied_config = parse_json_object_from_request(request)
         return user_supplied_config
 
     def on_OPTIONS(self, request):
-        return (200, {})
+        return 200, {}
 
 
 # TODO: Needs unit testing for generic events
@@ -173,9 +173,9 @@ class RoomStateEventRestServlet(TransactionRestServlet):
 
         if format == "event":
             event = format_event_for_client_v2(data.get_dict())
-            return (200, event)
+            return 200, event
         elif format == "content":
-            return (200, data.get_dict()["content"])
+            return 200, data.get_dict()["content"]
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_PUT(self, request, room_id, event_type, state_key, txn_id=None):
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ class RoomStateEventRestServlet(TransactionRestServlet):
         ret = {}
         if event:
             ret = {"event_id": event.event_id}
-        return (200, ret)
+        return 200, ret
 
 
 # TODO: Needs unit testing for generic events + feedback
@@ -244,10 +244,10 @@ class RoomSendEventRestServlet(TransactionRestServlet):
             requester, event_dict, txn_id=txn_id
         )
 
-        return (200, {"event_id": event.event_id})
+        return 200, {"event_id": event.event_id}
 
     def on_GET(self, request, room_id, event_type, txn_id):
-        return (200, "Not implemented")
+        return 200, "Not implemented"
 
     def on_PUT(self, request, room_id, event_type, txn_id):
         return self.txns.fetch_or_execute_request(
@@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ class JoinRoomAliasServlet(TransactionRestServlet):
             third_party_signed=content.get("third_party_signed", None),
         )
 
-        return (200, {"room_id": room_id})
+        return 200, {"room_id": room_id}
 
     def on_PUT(self, request, room_identifier, txn_id):
         return self.txns.fetch_or_execute_request(
@@ -360,7 +360,7 @@ class PublicRoomListRestServlet(TransactionRestServlet):
                 limit=limit, since_token=since_token
             )
 
-        return (200, data)
+        return 200, data
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_POST(self, request):
@@ -405,7 +405,7 @@ class PublicRoomListRestServlet(TransactionRestServlet):
                 network_tuple=network_tuple,
             )
 
-        return (200, data)
+        return 200, data
 
 
 # TODO: Needs unit testing
@@ -456,7 +456,7 @@ class RoomMemberListRestServlet(RestServlet):
                 continue
             chunk.append(event)
 
-        return (200, {"chunk": chunk})
+        return 200, {"chunk": chunk}
 
 
 # deprecated in favour of /members?membership=join?
@@ -477,7 +477,7 @@ class JoinedRoomMemberListRestServlet(RestServlet):
             requester, room_id
         )
 
-        return (200, {"joined": users_with_profile})
+        return 200, {"joined": users_with_profile}
 
 
 # TODO: Needs better unit testing
@@ -510,7 +510,7 @@ class RoomMessageListRestServlet(RestServlet):
             event_filter=event_filter,
         )
 
-        return (200, msgs)
+        return 200, msgs
 
 
 # TODO: Needs unit testing
@@ -531,7 +531,7 @@ class RoomStateRestServlet(RestServlet):
             user_id=requester.user.to_string(),
             is_guest=requester.is_guest,
         )
-        return (200, events)
+        return 200, events
 
 
 # TODO: Needs unit testing
@@ -550,7 +550,7 @@ class RoomInitialSyncRestServlet(RestServlet):
         content = yield self.initial_sync_handler.room_initial_sync(
             room_id=room_id, requester=requester, pagin_config=pagination_config
         )
-        return (200, content)
+        return 200, content
 
 
 class RoomEventServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -581,7 +581,7 @@ class RoomEventServlet(RestServlet):
         time_now = self.clock.time_msec()
         if event:
             event = yield self._event_serializer.serialize_event(event, time_now)
-            return (200, event)
+            return 200, event
 
         return SynapseError(404, "Event not found.", errcode=Codes.NOT_FOUND)
 
@@ -633,7 +633,7 @@ class RoomEventContextServlet(RestServlet):
             results["state"], time_now
         )
 
-        return (200, results)
+        return 200, results
 
 
 class RoomForgetRestServlet(TransactionRestServlet):
@@ -652,7 +652,7 @@ class RoomForgetRestServlet(TransactionRestServlet):
 
         yield self.room_member_handler.forget(user=requester.user, room_id=room_id)
 
-        return (200, {})
+        return 200, {}
 
     def on_PUT(self, request, room_id, txn_id):
         return self.txns.fetch_or_execute_request(
@@ -702,7 +702,7 @@ class RoomMembershipRestServlet(TransactionRestServlet):
                 requester,
                 txn_id,
             )
-            return (200, {})
+            return 200, {}
             return
 
         target = requester.user
@@ -729,7 +729,7 @@ class RoomMembershipRestServlet(TransactionRestServlet):
         if membership_action == "join":
             return_value["room_id"] = room_id
 
-        return (200, return_value)
+        return 200, return_value
 
     def _has_3pid_invite_keys(self, content):
         for key in {"id_server", "medium", "address"}:
@@ -771,7 +771,7 @@ class RoomRedactEventRestServlet(TransactionRestServlet):
             txn_id=txn_id,
         )
 
-        return (200, {"event_id": event.event_id})
+        return 200, {"event_id": event.event_id}
 
     def on_PUT(self, request, room_id, event_id, txn_id):
         return self.txns.fetch_or_execute_request(
@@ -816,7 +816,7 @@ class RoomTypingRestServlet(RestServlet):
                 target_user=target_user, auth_user=requester.user, room_id=room_id
             )
 
-        return (200, {})
+        return 200, {}
 
 
 class SearchRestServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -838,7 +838,7 @@ class SearchRestServlet(RestServlet):
             requester.user, content, batch
         )
 
-        return (200, results)
+        return 200, results
 
 
 class JoinedRoomsRestServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -854,7 +854,7 @@ class JoinedRoomsRestServlet(RestServlet):
         requester = yield self.auth.get_user_by_req(request, allow_guest=True)
 
         room_ids = yield self.store.get_rooms_for_user(requester.user.to_string())
-        return (200, {"joined_rooms": list(room_ids)})
+        return 200, {"joined_rooms": list(room_ids)}
 
 
 def register_txn_path(servlet, regex_string, http_server, with_get=False):
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v1/voip.py b/synapse/rest/client/v1/voip.py
index 497cddf8b8..2afdbb89e5 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v1/voip.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v1/voip.py
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ class VoipRestServlet(RestServlet):
             password = turnPassword
 
         else:
-            return (200, {})
+            return 200, {}
 
         return (
             200,
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ class VoipRestServlet(RestServlet):
         )
 
     def on_OPTIONS(self, request):
-        return (200, {})
+        return 200, {}
 
 
 def register_servlets(hs, http_server):
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/account.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/account.py
index 934ed5d16d..0620a4d0cf 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/account.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/account.py
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ class EmailPasswordRequestTokenRestServlet(RestServlet):
             # Wrap the session id in a JSON object
             ret = {"sid": sid}
 
-        return (200, ret)
+        return 200, ret
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def send_password_reset(self, email, client_secret, send_attempt, next_link=None):
@@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ class MsisdnPasswordRequestTokenRestServlet(RestServlet):
             raise SynapseError(400, "MSISDN not found", Codes.THREEPID_NOT_FOUND)
 
         ret = yield self.identity_handler.requestMsisdnToken(**body)
-        return (200, ret)
+        return 200, ret
 
 
 class PasswordResetSubmitTokenServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -330,7 +330,7 @@ class PasswordResetSubmitTokenServlet(RestServlet):
         )
         response_code = 200 if valid else 400
 
-        return (response_code, {"success": valid})
+        return response_code, {"success": valid}
 
 
 class PasswordRestServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -399,7 +399,7 @@ class PasswordRestServlet(RestServlet):
 
         yield self._set_password_handler.set_password(user_id, new_password, requester)
 
-        return (200, {})
+        return 200, {}
 
     def on_OPTIONS(self, _):
         return 200, {}
@@ -434,7 +434,7 @@ class DeactivateAccountRestServlet(RestServlet):
             yield self._deactivate_account_handler.deactivate_account(
                 requester.user.to_string(), erase
             )
-            return (200, {})
+            return 200, {}
 
         yield self.auth_handler.validate_user_via_ui_auth(
             requester, body, self.hs.get_ip_from_request(request)
@@ -447,7 +447,7 @@ class DeactivateAccountRestServlet(RestServlet):
         else:
             id_server_unbind_result = "no-support"
 
-        return (200, {"id_server_unbind_result": id_server_unbind_result})
+        return 200, {"id_server_unbind_result": id_server_unbind_result}
 
 
 class EmailThreepidRequestTokenRestServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -481,7 +481,7 @@ class EmailThreepidRequestTokenRestServlet(RestServlet):
             raise SynapseError(400, "Email is already in use", Codes.THREEPID_IN_USE)
 
         ret = yield self.identity_handler.requestEmailToken(**body)
-        return (200, ret)
+        return 200, ret
 
 
 class MsisdnThreepidRequestTokenRestServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -516,7 +516,7 @@ class MsisdnThreepidRequestTokenRestServlet(RestServlet):
             raise SynapseError(400, "MSISDN is already in use", Codes.THREEPID_IN_USE)
 
         ret = yield self.identity_handler.requestMsisdnToken(**body)
-        return (200, ret)
+        return 200, ret
 
 
 class ThreepidRestServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -536,7 +536,7 @@ class ThreepidRestServlet(RestServlet):
 
         threepids = yield self.datastore.user_get_threepids(requester.user.to_string())
 
-        return (200, {"threepids": threepids})
+        return 200, {"threepids": threepids}
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_POST(self, request):
@@ -568,7 +568,7 @@ class ThreepidRestServlet(RestServlet):
             logger.debug("Binding threepid %s to %s", threepid, user_id)
             yield self.identity_handler.bind_threepid(threePidCreds, user_id)
 
-        return (200, {})
+        return 200, {}
 
 
 class ThreepidDeleteRestServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -603,7 +603,7 @@ class ThreepidDeleteRestServlet(RestServlet):
         else:
             id_server_unbind_result = "no-support"
 
-        return (200, {"id_server_unbind_result": id_server_unbind_result})
+        return 200, {"id_server_unbind_result": id_server_unbind_result}
 
 
 class WhoamiRestServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -617,7 +617,7 @@ class WhoamiRestServlet(RestServlet):
     def on_GET(self, request):
         requester = yield self.auth.get_user_by_req(request)
 
-        return (200, {"user_id": requester.user.to_string()})
+        return 200, {"user_id": requester.user.to_string()}
 
 
 def register_servlets(hs, http_server):
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/account_data.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/account_data.py
index 98f2f6f4b5..f0db204ffa 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/account_data.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/account_data.py
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ class AccountDataServlet(RestServlet):
 
         self.notifier.on_new_event("account_data_key", max_id, users=[user_id])
 
-        return (200, {})
+        return 200, {}
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_GET(self, request, user_id, account_data_type):
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ class AccountDataServlet(RestServlet):
         if event is None:
             raise NotFoundError("Account data not found")
 
-        return (200, event)
+        return 200, event
 
 
 class RoomAccountDataServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ class RoomAccountDataServlet(RestServlet):
 
         self.notifier.on_new_event("account_data_key", max_id, users=[user_id])
 
-        return (200, {})
+        return 200, {}
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_GET(self, request, user_id, room_id, account_data_type):
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ class RoomAccountDataServlet(RestServlet):
         if event is None:
             raise NotFoundError("Room account data not found")
 
-        return (200, event)
+        return 200, event
 
 
 def register_servlets(hs, http_server):
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/capabilities.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/capabilities.py
index a4fa45fe11..acd58af193 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/capabilities.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/capabilities.py
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ class CapabilitiesRestServlet(RestServlet):
                 "m.change_password": {"enabled": change_password},
             }
         }
-        return (200, response)
+        return 200, response
 
 
 def register_servlets(hs, http_server):
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/devices.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/devices.py
index 9adf76cc0c..26d0235208 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/devices.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/devices.py
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ class DevicesRestServlet(RestServlet):
         devices = yield self.device_handler.get_devices_by_user(
             requester.user.to_string()
         )
-        return (200, {"devices": devices})
+        return 200, {"devices": devices}
 
 
 class DeleteDevicesRestServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ class DeleteDevicesRestServlet(RestServlet):
         yield self.device_handler.delete_devices(
             requester.user.to_string(), body["devices"]
         )
-        return (200, {})
+        return 200, {}
 
 
 class DeviceRestServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ class DeviceRestServlet(RestServlet):
         device = yield self.device_handler.get_device(
             requester.user.to_string(), device_id
         )
-        return (200, device)
+        return 200, device
 
     @interactive_auth_handler
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ class DeviceRestServlet(RestServlet):
         )
 
         yield self.device_handler.delete_device(requester.user.to_string(), device_id)
-        return (200, {})
+        return 200, {}
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_PUT(self, request, device_id):
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ class DeviceRestServlet(RestServlet):
         yield self.device_handler.update_device(
             requester.user.to_string(), device_id, body
         )
-        return (200, {})
+        return 200, {}
 
 
 def register_servlets(hs, http_server):
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/filter.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/filter.py
index 22be0ee3c5..c6ddf24c8d 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/filter.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/filter.py
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ class GetFilterRestServlet(RestServlet):
                 user_localpart=target_user.localpart, filter_id=filter_id
             )
 
-            return (200, filter.get_filter_json())
+            return 200, filter.get_filter_json()
         except (KeyError, StoreError):
             raise SynapseError(400, "No such filter", errcode=Codes.NOT_FOUND)
 
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ class CreateFilterRestServlet(RestServlet):
             user_localpart=target_user.localpart, user_filter=content
         )
 
-        return (200, {"filter_id": str(filter_id)})
+        return 200, {"filter_id": str(filter_id)}
 
 
 def register_servlets(hs, http_server):
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/groups.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/groups.py
index e629c4256d..999a0fa80c 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/groups.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/groups.py
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ class GroupServlet(RestServlet):
             group_id, requester_user_id
         )
 
-        return (200, group_description)
+        return 200, group_description
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_POST(self, request, group_id):
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ class GroupServlet(RestServlet):
             group_id, requester_user_id, content
         )
 
-        return (200, {})
+        return 200, {}
 
 
 class GroupSummaryServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ class GroupSummaryServlet(RestServlet):
             group_id, requester_user_id
         )
 
-        return (200, get_group_summary)
+        return 200, get_group_summary
 
 
 class GroupSummaryRoomsCatServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ class GroupSummaryRoomsCatServlet(RestServlet):
             content=content,
         )
 
-        return (200, resp)
+        return 200, resp
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_DELETE(self, request, group_id, category_id, room_id):
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ class GroupSummaryRoomsCatServlet(RestServlet):
             group_id, requester_user_id, room_id=room_id, category_id=category_id
         )
 
-        return (200, resp)
+        return 200, resp
 
 
 class GroupCategoryServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ class GroupCategoryServlet(RestServlet):
             group_id, requester_user_id, category_id=category_id
         )
 
-        return (200, category)
+        return 200, category
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_PUT(self, request, group_id, category_id):
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ class GroupCategoryServlet(RestServlet):
             group_id, requester_user_id, category_id=category_id, content=content
         )
 
-        return (200, resp)
+        return 200, resp
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_DELETE(self, request, group_id, category_id):
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ class GroupCategoryServlet(RestServlet):
             group_id, requester_user_id, category_id=category_id
         )
 
-        return (200, resp)
+        return 200, resp
 
 
 class GroupCategoriesServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ class GroupCategoriesServlet(RestServlet):
             group_id, requester_user_id
         )
 
-        return (200, category)
+        return 200, category
 
 
 class GroupRoleServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ class GroupRoleServlet(RestServlet):
             group_id, requester_user_id, role_id=role_id
         )
 
-        return (200, category)
+        return 200, category
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_PUT(self, request, group_id, role_id):
@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ class GroupRoleServlet(RestServlet):
             group_id, requester_user_id, role_id=role_id, content=content
         )
 
-        return (200, resp)
+        return 200, resp
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_DELETE(self, request, group_id, role_id):
@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ class GroupRoleServlet(RestServlet):
             group_id, requester_user_id, role_id=role_id
         )
 
-        return (200, resp)
+        return 200, resp
 
 
 class GroupRolesServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@ class GroupRolesServlet(RestServlet):
             group_id, requester_user_id
         )
 
-        return (200, category)
+        return 200, category
 
 
 class GroupSummaryUsersRoleServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ class GroupSummaryUsersRoleServlet(RestServlet):
             content=content,
         )
 
-        return (200, resp)
+        return 200, resp
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_DELETE(self, request, group_id, role_id, user_id):
@@ -323,7 +323,7 @@ class GroupSummaryUsersRoleServlet(RestServlet):
             group_id, requester_user_id, user_id=user_id, role_id=role_id
         )
 
-        return (200, resp)
+        return 200, resp
 
 
 class GroupRoomServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -347,7 +347,7 @@ class GroupRoomServlet(RestServlet):
             group_id, requester_user_id
         )
 
-        return (200, result)
+        return 200, result
 
 
 class GroupUsersServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -371,7 +371,7 @@ class GroupUsersServlet(RestServlet):
             group_id, requester_user_id
         )
 
-        return (200, result)
+        return 200, result
 
 
 class GroupInvitedUsersServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -395,7 +395,7 @@ class GroupInvitedUsersServlet(RestServlet):
             group_id, requester_user_id
         )
 
-        return (200, result)
+        return 200, result
 
 
 class GroupSettingJoinPolicyServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -420,7 +420,7 @@ class GroupSettingJoinPolicyServlet(RestServlet):
             group_id, requester_user_id, content
         )
 
-        return (200, result)
+        return 200, result
 
 
 class GroupCreateServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ class GroupCreateServlet(RestServlet):
             group_id, requester_user_id, content
         )
 
-        return (200, result)
+        return 200, result
 
 
 class GroupAdminRoomsServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -477,7 +477,7 @@ class GroupAdminRoomsServlet(RestServlet):
             group_id, requester_user_id, room_id, content
         )
 
-        return (200, result)
+        return 200, result
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_DELETE(self, request, group_id, room_id):
@@ -488,7 +488,7 @@ class GroupAdminRoomsServlet(RestServlet):
             group_id, requester_user_id, room_id
         )
 
-        return (200, result)
+        return 200, result
 
 
 class GroupAdminRoomsConfigServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -516,7 +516,7 @@ class GroupAdminRoomsConfigServlet(RestServlet):
             group_id, requester_user_id, room_id, config_key, content
         )
 
-        return (200, result)
+        return 200, result
 
 
 class GroupAdminUsersInviteServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -546,7 +546,7 @@ class GroupAdminUsersInviteServlet(RestServlet):
             group_id, user_id, requester_user_id, config
         )
 
-        return (200, result)
+        return 200, result
 
 
 class GroupAdminUsersKickServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -573,7 +573,7 @@ class GroupAdminUsersKickServlet(RestServlet):
             group_id, user_id, requester_user_id, content
         )
 
-        return (200, result)
+        return 200, result
 
 
 class GroupSelfLeaveServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -598,7 +598,7 @@ class GroupSelfLeaveServlet(RestServlet):
             group_id, requester_user_id, requester_user_id, content
         )
 
-        return (200, result)
+        return 200, result
 
 
 class GroupSelfJoinServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -623,7 +623,7 @@ class GroupSelfJoinServlet(RestServlet):
             group_id, requester_user_id, content
         )
 
-        return (200, result)
+        return 200, result
 
 
 class GroupSelfAcceptInviteServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -648,7 +648,7 @@ class GroupSelfAcceptInviteServlet(RestServlet):
             group_id, requester_user_id, content
         )
 
-        return (200, result)
+        return 200, result
 
 
 class GroupSelfUpdatePublicityServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -672,7 +672,7 @@ class GroupSelfUpdatePublicityServlet(RestServlet):
         publicise = content["publicise"]
         yield self.store.update_group_publicity(group_id, requester_user_id, publicise)
 
-        return (200, {})
+        return 200, {}
 
 
 class PublicisedGroupsForUserServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -694,7 +694,7 @@ class PublicisedGroupsForUserServlet(RestServlet):
 
         result = yield self.groups_handler.get_publicised_groups_for_user(user_id)
 
-        return (200, result)
+        return 200, result
 
 
 class PublicisedGroupsForUsersServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -719,7 +719,7 @@ class PublicisedGroupsForUsersServlet(RestServlet):
 
         result = yield self.groups_handler.bulk_get_publicised_groups(user_ids)
 
-        return (200, result)
+        return 200, result
 
 
 class GroupsForUserServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -741,7 +741,7 @@ class GroupsForUserServlet(RestServlet):
 
         result = yield self.groups_handler.get_joined_groups(requester_user_id)
 
-        return (200, result)
+        return 200, result
 
 
 def register_servlets(hs, http_server):
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/keys.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/keys.py
index b218a3f334..64b6898eb8 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/keys.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/keys.py
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ class KeyUploadServlet(RestServlet):
         result = yield self.e2e_keys_handler.upload_keys_for_user(
             user_id, device_id, body
         )
-        return (200, result)
+        return 200, result
 
 
 class KeyQueryServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ class KeyQueryServlet(RestServlet):
         timeout = parse_integer(request, "timeout", 10 * 1000)
         body = parse_json_object_from_request(request)
         result = yield self.e2e_keys_handler.query_devices(body, timeout)
-        return (200, result)
+        return 200, result
 
 
 class KeyChangesServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ class KeyChangesServlet(RestServlet):
 
         results = yield self.device_handler.get_user_ids_changed(user_id, from_token)
 
-        return (200, results)
+        return 200, results
 
 
 class OneTimeKeyServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ class OneTimeKeyServlet(RestServlet):
         timeout = parse_integer(request, "timeout", 10 * 1000)
         body = parse_json_object_from_request(request)
         result = yield self.e2e_keys_handler.claim_one_time_keys(body, timeout)
-        return (200, result)
+        return 200, result
 
 
 def register_servlets(hs, http_server):
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/notifications.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/notifications.py
index d034863a3c..10c1ad5b07 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/notifications.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/notifications.py
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ class NotificationsServlet(RestServlet):
             returned_push_actions.append(returned_pa)
             next_token = str(pa["stream_ordering"])
 
-        return (200, {"notifications": returned_push_actions, "next_token": next_token})
+        return 200, {"notifications": returned_push_actions, "next_token": next_token}
 
 
 def register_servlets(hs, http_server):
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/read_marker.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/read_marker.py
index d93d6a9f24..b3bf8567e1 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/read_marker.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/read_marker.py
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ class ReadMarkerRestServlet(RestServlet):
                 event_id=read_marker_event_id,
             )
 
-        return (200, {})
+        return 200, {}
 
 
 def register_servlets(hs, http_server):
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/receipts.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/receipts.py
index 98a97b7059..0dab03d227 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/receipts.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/receipts.py
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ class ReceiptRestServlet(RestServlet):
             room_id, receipt_type, user_id=requester.user.to_string(), event_id=event_id
         )
 
-        return (200, {})
+        return 200, {}
 
 
 def register_servlets(hs, http_server):
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/register.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/register.py
index 9510a1e2b0..65f9fce2ff 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/register.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/register.py
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ class EmailRegisterRequestTokenRestServlet(RestServlet):
             raise SynapseError(400, "Email is already in use", Codes.THREEPID_IN_USE)
 
         ret = yield self.identity_handler.requestEmailToken(**body)
-        return (200, ret)
+        return 200, ret
 
 
 class MsisdnRegisterRequestTokenRestServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ class MsisdnRegisterRequestTokenRestServlet(RestServlet):
             )
 
         ret = yield self.identity_handler.requestMsisdnToken(**body)
-        return (200, ret)
+        return 200, ret
 
 
 class UsernameAvailabilityRestServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ class UsernameAvailabilityRestServlet(RestServlet):
 
             yield self.registration_handler.check_username(username)
 
-            return (200, {"available": True})
+            return 200, {"available": True}
 
 
 class RegisterRestServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -279,7 +279,7 @@ class RegisterRestServlet(RestServlet):
                 result = yield self._do_appservice_registration(
                     desired_username, access_token, body
                 )
-            return (200, result)  # we throw for non 200 responses
+            return 200, result  # we throw for non 200 responses
             return
 
         # for regular registration, downcase the provided username before
@@ -487,7 +487,7 @@ class RegisterRestServlet(RestServlet):
                 bind_msisdn=params.get("bind_msisdn"),
             )
 
-        return (200, return_dict)
+        return 200, return_dict
 
     def on_OPTIONS(self, _):
         return 200, {}
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/relations.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/relations.py
index 1538b247e5..040b37c504 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/relations.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/relations.py
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ class RelationSendServlet(RestServlet):
             requester, event_dict=event_dict, txn_id=txn_id
         )
 
-        return (200, {"event_id": event.event_id})
+        return 200, {"event_id": event.event_id}
 
 
 class RelationPaginationServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ class RelationPaginationServlet(RestServlet):
         return_value["chunk"] = events
         return_value["original_event"] = original_event
 
-        return (200, return_value)
+        return 200, return_value
 
 
 class RelationAggregationPaginationServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ class RelationAggregationPaginationServlet(RestServlet):
                 to_token=to_token,
             )
 
-        return (200, pagination_chunk.to_dict())
+        return 200, pagination_chunk.to_dict()
 
 
 class RelationAggregationGroupPaginationServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -356,7 +356,7 @@ class RelationAggregationGroupPaginationServlet(RestServlet):
         return_value = result.to_dict()
         return_value["chunk"] = events
 
-        return (200, return_value)
+        return 200, return_value
 
 
 def register_servlets(hs, http_server):
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/report_event.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/report_event.py
index 3fdd4584a3..e7449864cd 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/report_event.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/report_event.py
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ class ReportEventRestServlet(RestServlet):
             received_ts=self.clock.time_msec(),
         )
 
-        return (200, {})
+        return 200, {}
 
 
 def register_servlets(hs, http_server):
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/room_keys.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/room_keys.py
index 10dec96208..df4f44cd36 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/room_keys.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/room_keys.py
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ class RoomKeysServlet(RestServlet):
             body = {"rooms": {room_id: body}}
 
         yield self.e2e_room_keys_handler.upload_room_keys(user_id, version, body)
-        return (200, {})
+        return 200, {}
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_GET(self, request, room_id, session_id):
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ class RoomKeysServlet(RestServlet):
             else:
                 room_keys = room_keys["rooms"][room_id]
 
-        return (200, room_keys)
+        return 200, room_keys
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_DELETE(self, request, room_id, session_id):
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ class RoomKeysServlet(RestServlet):
         yield self.e2e_room_keys_handler.delete_room_keys(
             user_id, version, room_id, session_id
         )
-        return (200, {})
+        return 200, {}
 
 
 class RoomKeysNewVersionServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ class RoomKeysNewVersionServlet(RestServlet):
         info = parse_json_object_from_request(request)
 
         new_version = yield self.e2e_room_keys_handler.create_version(user_id, info)
-        return (200, {"version": new_version})
+        return 200, {"version": new_version}
 
     # we deliberately don't have a PUT /version, as these things really should
     # be immutable to avoid people footgunning
@@ -338,7 +338,7 @@ class RoomKeysVersionServlet(RestServlet):
         except SynapseError as e:
             if e.code == 404:
                 raise SynapseError(404, "No backup found", Codes.NOT_FOUND)
-        return (200, info)
+        return 200, info
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_DELETE(self, request, version):
@@ -358,7 +358,7 @@ class RoomKeysVersionServlet(RestServlet):
         user_id = requester.user.to_string()
 
         yield self.e2e_room_keys_handler.delete_version(user_id, version)
-        return (200, {})
+        return 200, {}
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_PUT(self, request, version):
@@ -392,7 +392,7 @@ class RoomKeysVersionServlet(RestServlet):
             )
 
         yield self.e2e_room_keys_handler.update_version(user_id, version, info)
-        return (200, {})
+        return 200, {}
 
 
 def register_servlets(hs, http_server):
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/room_upgrade_rest_servlet.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/room_upgrade_rest_servlet.py
index 14ba61a63e..d2c3316eb7 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/room_upgrade_rest_servlet.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/room_upgrade_rest_servlet.py
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ class RoomUpgradeRestServlet(RestServlet):
 
         ret = {"replacement_room": new_room_id}
 
-        return (200, ret)
+        return 200, ret
 
 
 def register_servlets(hs, http_server):
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/sync.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/sync.py
index 7b32dd2212..c98c5a3802 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/sync.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/sync.py
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ class SyncRestServlet(RestServlet):
             time_now, sync_result, requester.access_token_id, filter
         )
 
-        return (200, response_content)
+        return 200, response_content
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def encode_response(self, time_now, sync_result, access_token_id, filter):
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/tags.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/tags.py
index d173544355..3b555669a0 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/tags.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/tags.py
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ class TagListServlet(RestServlet):
 
         tags = yield self.store.get_tags_for_room(user_id, room_id)
 
-        return (200, {"tags": tags})
+        return 200, {"tags": tags}
 
 
 class TagServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ class TagServlet(RestServlet):
 
         self.notifier.on_new_event("account_data_key", max_id, users=[user_id])
 
-        return (200, {})
+        return 200, {}
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_DELETE(self, request, user_id, room_id, tag):
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ class TagServlet(RestServlet):
 
         self.notifier.on_new_event("account_data_key", max_id, users=[user_id])
 
-        return (200, {})
+        return 200, {}
 
 
 def register_servlets(hs, http_server):
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/thirdparty.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/thirdparty.py
index 158e686b01..2e8d672471 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/thirdparty.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/thirdparty.py
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ class ThirdPartyProtocolsServlet(RestServlet):
         yield self.auth.get_user_by_req(request, allow_guest=True)
 
         protocols = yield self.appservice_handler.get_3pe_protocols()
-        return (200, protocols)
+        return 200, protocols
 
 
 class ThirdPartyProtocolServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -60,9 +60,9 @@ class ThirdPartyProtocolServlet(RestServlet):
             only_protocol=protocol
         )
         if protocol in protocols:
-            return (200, protocols[protocol])
+            return 200, protocols[protocol]
         else:
-            return (404, {"error": "Unknown protocol"})
+            return 404, {"error": "Unknown protocol"}
 
 
 class ThirdPartyUserServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ class ThirdPartyUserServlet(RestServlet):
             ThirdPartyEntityKind.USER, protocol, fields
         )
 
-        return (200, results)
+        return 200, results
 
 
 class ThirdPartyLocationServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ class ThirdPartyLocationServlet(RestServlet):
             ThirdPartyEntityKind.LOCATION, protocol, fields
         )
 
-        return (200, results)
+        return 200, results
 
 
 def register_servlets(hs, http_server):
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/user_directory.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/user_directory.py
index 7ab2b80e46..2863affbab 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/user_directory.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/user_directory.py
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ class UserDirectorySearchRestServlet(RestServlet):
         user_id = requester.user.to_string()
 
         if not self.hs.config.user_directory_search_enabled:
-            return (200, {"limited": False, "results": []})
+            return 200, {"limited": False, "results": []}
 
         body = parse_json_object_from_request(request)
 
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ class UserDirectorySearchRestServlet(RestServlet):
             user_id, search_term, limit
         )
 
-        return (200, results)
+        return 200, results
 
 
 def register_servlets(hs, http_server):
diff --git a/synapse/rest/media/v1/media_repository.py b/synapse/rest/media/v1/media_repository.py
index cf5759e9a6..d4ea09260c 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/media/v1/media_repository.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/media/v1/media_repository.py
@@ -318,14 +318,14 @@ class MediaRepository(object):
 
             responder = yield self.media_storage.fetch_media(file_info)
             if responder:
-                return (responder, media_info)
+                return responder, media_info
 
         # Failed to find the file anywhere, lets download it.
 
         media_info = yield self._download_remote_file(server_name, media_id, file_id)
 
         responder = yield self.media_storage.fetch_media(file_info)
-        return (responder, media_info)
+        return responder, media_info
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _download_remote_file(self, server_name, media_id, file_id):
diff --git a/synapse/rest/media/v1/thumbnailer.py b/synapse/rest/media/v1/thumbnailer.py
index 90d8e6bffe..c995d7e043 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/media/v1/thumbnailer.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/media/v1/thumbnailer.py
@@ -78,9 +78,9 @@ class Thumbnailer(object):
         """
 
         if max_width * self.height < max_height * self.width:
-            return (max_width, (max_width * self.height) // self.width)
+            return max_width, (max_width * self.height) // self.width
         else:
-            return ((max_height * self.width) // self.height, max_height)
+            return (max_height * self.width) // self.height, max_height
 
     def scale(self, width, height, output_type):
         """Rescales the image to the given dimensions.
diff --git a/synapse/server_notices/resource_limits_server_notices.py b/synapse/server_notices/resource_limits_server_notices.py
index 729c097e6d..81c4aff496 100644
--- a/synapse/server_notices/resource_limits_server_notices.py
+++ b/synapse/server_notices/resource_limits_server_notices.py
@@ -193,4 +193,4 @@ class ResourceLimitsServerNotices(object):
                 if event_id in referenced_events:
                     referenced_events.remove(event.event_id)
 
-        return (currently_blocked, referenced_events)
+        return currently_blocked, referenced_events
diff --git a/synapse/storage/account_data.py b/synapse/storage/account_data.py
index 9fa5b4f3d6..6afbfc0d74 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/account_data.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/account_data.py
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ class AccountDataWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 room_data = by_room.setdefault(row["room_id"], {})
                 room_data[row["account_data_type"]] = json.loads(row["content"])
 
-            return (global_account_data, by_room)
+            return global_account_data, by_room
 
         return self.runInteraction(
             "get_account_data_for_user", get_account_data_for_user_txn
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ class AccountDataWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             )
             txn.execute(sql, (last_room_id, current_id, limit))
             room_results = txn.fetchall()
-            return (global_results, room_results)
+            return global_results, room_results
 
         return self.runInteraction(
             "get_all_updated_account_data_txn", get_updated_account_data_txn
@@ -244,13 +244,13 @@ class AccountDataWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 room_account_data = account_data_by_room.setdefault(row[0], {})
                 room_account_data[row[1]] = json.loads(row[2])
 
-            return (global_account_data, account_data_by_room)
+            return global_account_data, account_data_by_room
 
         changed = self._account_data_stream_cache.has_entity_changed(
             user_id, int(stream_id)
         )
         if not changed:
-            return ({}, {})
+            return {}, {}
 
         return self.runInteraction(
             "get_updated_account_data_for_user", get_updated_account_data_for_user_txn
diff --git a/synapse/storage/appservice.py b/synapse/storage/appservice.py
index 05d9c05c3f..36657753cd 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/appservice.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/appservice.py
@@ -358,7 +358,7 @@ class ApplicationServiceTransactionWorkerStore(
 
         events = yield self.get_events_as_list(event_ids)
 
-        return (upper_bound, events)
+        return upper_bound, events
 
 
 class ApplicationServiceTransactionStore(ApplicationServiceTransactionWorkerStore):
diff --git a/synapse/storage/deviceinbox.py b/synapse/storage/deviceinbox.py
index 79bb0ea46d..4dca9de617 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/deviceinbox.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/deviceinbox.py
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ class DeviceInboxWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 messages.append(json.loads(row[1]))
             if len(messages) < limit:
                 stream_pos = current_stream_id
-            return (messages, stream_pos)
+            return messages, stream_pos
 
         return self.runInteraction(
             "get_new_messages_for_device", get_new_messages_for_device_txn
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ class DeviceInboxWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 messages.append(json.loads(row[1]))
             if len(messages) < limit:
                 stream_pos = current_stream_id
-            return (messages, stream_pos)
+            return messages, stream_pos
 
         return self.runInteraction(
             "get_new_device_msgs_for_remote",
diff --git a/synapse/storage/devices.py b/synapse/storage/devices.py
index e11881161d..76542c512d 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/devices.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/devices.py
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ class DeviceWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             destination, int(from_stream_id)
         )
         if not has_changed:
-            return (now_stream_id, [])
+            return now_stream_id, []
 
         # We retrieve n+1 devices from the list of outbound pokes where n is
         # our outbound device update limit. We then check if the very last
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ class DeviceWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
         # Return an empty list if there are no updates
         if not updates:
-            return (now_stream_id, [])
+            return now_stream_id, []
 
         # if we have exceeded the limit, we need to exclude any results with the
         # same stream_id as the last row.
@@ -167,13 +167,13 @@ class DeviceWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         # skip that stream_id and return an empty list, and continue with the next
         # stream_id next time.
         if not query_map:
-            return (stream_id_cutoff, [])
+            return stream_id_cutoff, []
 
         results = yield self._get_device_update_edus_by_remote(
             destination, from_stream_id, query_map
         )
 
-        return (now_stream_id, results)
+        return now_stream_id, results
 
     def _get_devices_by_remote_txn(
         self, txn, destination, from_stream_id, now_stream_id, limit
@@ -352,7 +352,7 @@ class DeviceWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             else:
                 results[user_id] = yield self._get_cached_devices_for_user(user_id)
 
-        return (user_ids_not_in_cache, results)
+        return user_ids_not_in_cache, results
 
     @cachedInlineCallbacks(num_args=2, tree=True)
     def _get_cached_user_device(self, user_id, device_id):
diff --git a/synapse/storage/events.py b/synapse/storage/events.py
index 5a95c36a8b..32050868ff 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/events.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/events.py
@@ -810,7 +810,7 @@ class EventsStore(
         # If they old and new groups are the same then we don't need to do
         # anything.
         if old_state_groups == new_state_groups:
-            return (None, None)
+            return None, None
 
         if len(new_state_groups) == 1 and len(old_state_groups) == 1:
             # If we're going from one state group to another, lets check if
@@ -827,7 +827,7 @@ class EventsStore(
                 # the current state in memory then lets also return that,
                 # but it doesn't matter if we don't.
                 new_state = state_groups_map.get(new_state_group)
-                return (new_state, delta_ids)
+                return new_state, delta_ids
 
         # Now that we have calculated new_state_groups we need to get
         # their state IDs so we can resolve to a single state set.
@@ -839,7 +839,7 @@ class EventsStore(
         if len(new_state_groups) == 1:
             # If there is only one state group, then we know what the current
             # state is.
-            return (state_groups_map[new_state_groups.pop()], None)
+            return state_groups_map[new_state_groups.pop()], None
 
         # Ok, we need to defer to the state handler to resolve our state sets.
 
@@ -868,7 +868,7 @@ class EventsStore(
             state_res_store=StateResolutionStore(self),
         )
 
-        return (res.state, None)
+        return res.state, None
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _calculate_state_delta(self, room_id, current_state):
@@ -891,7 +891,7 @@ class EventsStore(
             if ev_id != existing_state.get(key)
         }
 
-        return (to_delete, to_insert)
+        return to_delete, to_insert
 
     @log_function
     def _persist_events_txn(
diff --git a/synapse/storage/presence.py b/synapse/storage/presence.py
index 1a0f2d5768..5db6f2d84a 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/presence.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/presence.py
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ class PresenceStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 presence_states,
             )
 
-        return (stream_orderings[-1], self._presence_id_gen.get_current_token())
+        return stream_orderings[-1], self._presence_id_gen.get_current_token()
 
     def _update_presence_txn(self, txn, stream_orderings, presence_states):
         for stream_id, state in zip(stream_orderings, presence_states):
diff --git a/synapse/storage/pusher.py b/synapse/storage/pusher.py
index b431d24b8a..3e0e834a62 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/pusher.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/pusher.py
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ class PusherWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             txn.execute(sql, (last_id, current_id, limit))
             deleted = txn.fetchall()
 
-            return (updated, deleted)
+            return updated, deleted
 
         return self.runInteraction(
             "get_all_updated_pushers", get_all_updated_pushers_txn
diff --git a/synapse/storage/receipts.py b/synapse/storage/receipts.py
index 6aa6d98ebb..290ddb30e8 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/receipts.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/receipts.py
@@ -478,7 +478,7 @@ class ReceiptsStore(ReceiptsWorkerStore):
 
         max_persisted_id = self._receipts_id_gen.get_current_token()
 
-        return (stream_id, max_persisted_id)
+        return stream_id, max_persisted_id
 
     def insert_graph_receipt(self, room_id, receipt_type, user_id, event_ids, data):
         return self.runInteraction(
diff --git a/synapse/storage/stream.py b/synapse/storage/stream.py
index 856c2ee8d8..490454f19a 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/stream.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/stream.py
@@ -364,7 +364,7 @@ class StreamWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
             the chunk of events returned.
         """
         if from_key == to_key:
-            return ([], from_key)
+            return [], from_key
 
         from_id = RoomStreamToken.parse_stream_token(from_key).stream
         to_id = RoomStreamToken.parse_stream_token(to_key).stream
@@ -374,7 +374,7 @@ class StreamWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
         )
 
         if not has_changed:
-            return ([], from_key)
+            return [], from_key
 
         def f(txn):
             sql = (
@@ -407,7 +407,7 @@ class StreamWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
             # get.
             key = from_key
 
-        return (ret, key)
+        return ret, key
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_membership_changes_for_user(self, user_id, from_key, to_key):
@@ -496,7 +496,7 @@ class StreamWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
         """
         # Allow a zero limit here, and no-op.
         if limit == 0:
-            return ([], end_token)
+            return [], end_token
 
         end_token = RoomStreamToken.parse(end_token)
 
@@ -511,7 +511,7 @@ class StreamWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
         # We want to return the results in ascending order.
         rows.reverse()
 
-        return (rows, token)
+        return rows, token
 
     def get_room_event_after_stream_ordering(self, room_id, stream_ordering):
         """Gets details of the first event in a room at or after a stream ordering
@@ -783,7 +783,7 @@ class StreamWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
 
         events = yield self.get_events_as_list(event_ids)
 
-        return (upper_bound, events)
+        return upper_bound, events
 
     def get_federation_out_pos(self, typ):
         return self._simple_select_one_onecol(
diff --git a/synapse/storage/util/id_generators.py b/synapse/storage/util/id_generators.py
index f1c8d99419..cbb0a4810a 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/util/id_generators.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/util/id_generators.py
@@ -195,6 +195,6 @@ class ChainedIdGenerator(object):
         with self._lock:
             if self._unfinished_ids:
                 stream_id, chained_id = self._unfinished_ids[0]
-                return (stream_id - 1, chained_id)
+                return stream_id - 1, chained_id
 
-            return (self._current_max, self.chained_generator.get_current_token())
+            return self._current_max, self.chained_generator.get_current_token()
diff --git a/synapse/streams/config.py b/synapse/streams/config.py
index f7f5906a99..02994ab2a5 100644
--- a/synapse/streams/config.py
+++ b/synapse/streams/config.py
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ class SourcePaginationConfig(object):
         self.limit = min(int(limit), MAX_LIMIT) if limit is not None else None
 
     def __repr__(self):
-        return ("StreamConfig(from_key=%r, to_key=%r, direction=%r, limit=%r)") % (
+        return "StreamConfig(from_key=%r, to_key=%r, direction=%r, limit=%r)" % (
             self.from_key,
             self.to_key,
             self.direction,
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_register.py b/tests/handlers/test_register.py
index 0ad0a88165..e10296a5e4 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_register.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_register.py
@@ -283,4 +283,4 @@ class RegistrationTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
                 user, requester, displayname, by_admin=True
             )
 
-        return (user_id, token)
+        return user_id, token
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_register.py b/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_register.py
index bb867150f4..ab4d7d70d0 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_register.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_register.py
@@ -472,7 +472,7 @@ class AccountValidityRenewalByEmailTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
                 added_at=now,
             )
         )
-        return (user_id, tok)
+        return user_id, tok
 
     def test_manual_email_send_expired_account(self):
         user_id = self.register_user("kermit", "monkey")
diff --git a/tests/server.py b/tests/server.py
index c8269619b1..e397ebe8fa 100644
--- a/tests/server.py
+++ b/tests/server.py
@@ -338,7 +338,7 @@ def setup_test_homeserver(cleanup_func, *args, **kwargs):
 def get_clock():
     clock = ThreadedMemoryReactorClock()
     hs_clock = Clock(clock)
-    return (clock, hs_clock)
+    return clock, hs_clock
 
 
 @attr.s(cmp=False)
diff --git a/tests/test_server.py b/tests/test_server.py
index 2a7d407c98..98fef21d55 100644
--- a/tests/test_server.py
+++ b/tests/test_server.py
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ class JsonResourceTests(unittest.TestCase):
 
         def _callback(request, **kwargs):
             got_kwargs.update(kwargs)
-            return (200, kwargs)
+            return 200, kwargs
 
         res = JsonResource(self.homeserver)
         res.register_paths(
diff --git a/tests/test_state.py b/tests/test_state.py
index 6d33566f47..610ec9fb46 100644
--- a/tests/test_state.py
+++ b/tests/test_state.py
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ class StateGroupStore(object):
         }
 
     def get_state_group_delta(self, name):
-        return (None, None)
+        return None, None
 
     def register_events(self, events):
         for e in events:
diff --git a/tests/utils.py b/tests/utils.py
index f1eb9a545c..46ef2959f2 100644
--- a/tests/utils.py
+++ b/tests/utils.py
@@ -464,7 +464,7 @@ class MockHttpResource(HttpServer):
                     args = [urlparse.unquote(u) for u in matcher.groups()]
 
                     (code, response) = yield func(mock_request, *args)
-                    return (code, response)
+                    return code, response
                 except CodeMessageException as e:
                     return (e.code, cs_error(e.msg, code=e.errcode))
 
-- 
cgit 1.5.1


From 6e834e94fcc97811e4cc8185e86c6b9da06eb28e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Erik Johnston <erik@matrix.org>
Date: Wed, 4 Sep 2019 13:04:27 +0100
Subject: Fix and refactor room and user stats (#5971)

Previously the stats were not being correctly populated.
---
 changelog.d/5971.bugfix                            |    1 +
 docs/room_and_user_statistics.md                   |   62 ++
 synapse/config/stats.py                            |   13 +-
 synapse/handlers/stats.py                          |  307 +++---
 synapse/storage/events.py                          |    5 +-
 synapse/storage/registration.py                    |   12 +
 synapse/storage/roommember.py                      |   44 +-
 .../storage/schema/delta/56/stats_separated.sql    |  152 +++
 synapse/storage/stats.py                           | 1036 ++++++++++++++------
 tests/handlers/test_stats.py                       |  643 +++++++++---
 tests/rest/client/v1/utils.py                      |    8 +-
 11 files changed, 1642 insertions(+), 641 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 changelog.d/5971.bugfix
 create mode 100644 docs/room_and_user_statistics.md
 create mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/56/stats_separated.sql

(limited to 'tests/handlers')

diff --git a/changelog.d/5971.bugfix b/changelog.d/5971.bugfix
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9ea095103b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/5971.bugfix
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Fix room and user stats tracking.
diff --git a/docs/room_and_user_statistics.md b/docs/room_and_user_statistics.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e1facb38d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/room_and_user_statistics.md
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+Room and User Statistics
+========================
+
+Synapse maintains room and user statistics (as well as a cache of room state),
+in various tables. These can be used for administrative purposes but are also
+used when generating the public room directory.
+
+
+# Synapse Developer Documentation
+
+## High-Level Concepts
+
+### Definitions
+
+* **subject**: Something we are tracking stats about – currently a room or user.
+* **current row**: An entry for a subject in the appropriate current statistics
+    table. Each subject can have only one.
+* **historical row**: An entry for a subject in the appropriate historical
+    statistics table. Each subject can have any number of these.
+
+### Overview
+
+Stats are maintained as time series. There are two kinds of column:
+
+* absolute columns – where the value is correct for the time given by `end_ts`
+    in the stats row. (Imagine a line graph for these values)
+    * They can also be thought of as 'gauges' in Prometheus, if you are familiar.
+* per-slice columns – where the value corresponds to how many of the occurrences
+    occurred within the time slice given by `(end_ts − bucket_size)…end_ts`
+    or `start_ts…end_ts`. (Imagine a histogram for these values)
+
+Stats are maintained in two tables (for each type): current and historical.
+
+Current stats correspond to the present values. Each subject can only have one
+entry.
+
+Historical stats correspond to values in the past. Subjects may have multiple
+entries.
+
+## Concepts around the management of stats
+
+### Current rows
+
+Current rows contain the most up-to-date statistics for a room.
+They only contain absolute columns
+
+### Historical rows
+
+Historical rows can always be considered to be valid for the time slice and
+end time specified.
+
+* historical rows will not exist for every time slice – they will be omitted
+    if there were no changes. In this case, the following assumptions can be
+    made to interpolate/recreate missing rows:
+    - absolute fields have the same values as in the preceding row
+    - per-slice fields are zero (`0`)
+* historical rows will not be retained forever – rows older than a configurable
+    time will be purged.
+
+#### Purge
+
+The purging of historical rows is not yet implemented.
diff --git a/synapse/config/stats.py b/synapse/config/stats.py
index b518a3ed9c..b18ddbd1fa 100644
--- a/synapse/config/stats.py
+++ b/synapse/config/stats.py
@@ -27,19 +27,16 @@ class StatsConfig(Config):
 
     def read_config(self, config, **kwargs):
         self.stats_enabled = True
-        self.stats_bucket_size = 86400
+        self.stats_bucket_size = 86400 * 1000
         self.stats_retention = sys.maxsize
         stats_config = config.get("stats", None)
         if stats_config:
             self.stats_enabled = stats_config.get("enabled", self.stats_enabled)
-            self.stats_bucket_size = (
-                self.parse_duration(stats_config.get("bucket_size", "1d")) / 1000
+            self.stats_bucket_size = self.parse_duration(
+                stats_config.get("bucket_size", "1d")
             )
-            self.stats_retention = (
-                self.parse_duration(
-                    stats_config.get("retention", "%ds" % (sys.maxsize,))
-                )
-                / 1000
+            self.stats_retention = self.parse_duration(
+                stats_config.get("retention", "%ds" % (sys.maxsize,))
             )
 
     def generate_config_section(self, config_dir_path, server_name, **kwargs):
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/stats.py b/synapse/handlers/stats.py
index 4449da6669..921735edb3 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/stats.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/stats.py
@@ -14,15 +14,14 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 
 import logging
+from collections import Counter
 
 from twisted.internet import defer
 
-from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes, JoinRules, Membership
+from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes, Membership
 from synapse.handlers.state_deltas import StateDeltasHandler
 from synapse.metrics import event_processing_positions
 from synapse.metrics.background_process_metrics import run_as_background_process
-from synapse.types import UserID
-from synapse.util.metrics import Measure
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -62,11 +61,10 @@ class StatsHandler(StateDeltasHandler):
     def notify_new_event(self):
         """Called when there may be more deltas to process
         """
-        if not self.hs.config.stats_enabled:
+        if not self.hs.config.stats_enabled or self._is_processing:
             return
 
-        if self._is_processing:
-            return
+        self._is_processing = True
 
         @defer.inlineCallbacks
         def process():
@@ -75,39 +73,72 @@ class StatsHandler(StateDeltasHandler):
             finally:
                 self._is_processing = False
 
-        self._is_processing = True
         run_as_background_process("stats.notify_new_event", process)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _unsafe_process(self):
         # If self.pos is None then means we haven't fetched it from DB
         if self.pos is None:
-            self.pos = yield self.store.get_stats_stream_pos()
-
-        # If still None then the initial background update hasn't happened yet
-        if self.pos is None:
-            return None
+            self.pos = yield self.store.get_stats_positions()
 
         # Loop round handling deltas until we're up to date
+
         while True:
-            with Measure(self.clock, "stats_delta"):
-                deltas = yield self.store.get_current_state_deltas(self.pos)
-                if not deltas:
-                    return
+            deltas = yield self.store.get_current_state_deltas(self.pos)
+
+            if deltas:
+                logger.debug("Handling %d state deltas", len(deltas))
+                room_deltas, user_deltas = yield self._handle_deltas(deltas)
+
+                max_pos = deltas[-1]["stream_id"]
+            else:
+                room_deltas = {}
+                user_deltas = {}
+                max_pos = yield self.store.get_room_max_stream_ordering()
 
-                logger.info("Handling %d state deltas", len(deltas))
-                yield self._handle_deltas(deltas)
+            # Then count deltas for total_events and total_event_bytes.
+            room_count, user_count = yield self.store.get_changes_room_total_events_and_bytes(
+                self.pos, max_pos
+            )
+
+            for room_id, fields in room_count.items():
+                room_deltas.setdefault(room_id, {}).update(fields)
+
+            for user_id, fields in user_count.items():
+                user_deltas.setdefault(user_id, {}).update(fields)
+
+            logger.debug("room_deltas: %s", room_deltas)
+            logger.debug("user_deltas: %s", user_deltas)
 
-                self.pos = deltas[-1]["stream_id"]
-                yield self.store.update_stats_stream_pos(self.pos)
+            # Always call this so that we update the stats position.
+            yield self.store.bulk_update_stats_delta(
+                self.clock.time_msec(),
+                updates={"room": room_deltas, "user": user_deltas},
+                stream_id=max_pos,
+            )
+
+            event_processing_positions.labels("stats").set(max_pos)
 
-                event_processing_positions.labels("stats").set(self.pos)
+            if self.pos == max_pos:
+                break
+
+            self.pos = max_pos
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _handle_deltas(self, deltas):
+        """Called with the state deltas to process
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred[tuple[dict[str, Counter], dict[str, counter]]]
+            Resovles to two dicts, the room deltas and the user deltas,
+            mapping from room/user ID to changes in the various fields.
         """
-        Called with the state deltas to process
-        """
+
+        room_to_stats_deltas = {}
+        user_to_stats_deltas = {}
+
+        room_to_state_updates = {}
+
         for delta in deltas:
             typ = delta["type"]
             state_key = delta["state_key"]
@@ -115,11 +146,10 @@ class StatsHandler(StateDeltasHandler):
             event_id = delta["event_id"]
             stream_id = delta["stream_id"]
             prev_event_id = delta["prev_event_id"]
-            stream_pos = delta["stream_id"]
 
-            logger.debug("Handling: %r %r, %s", typ, state_key, event_id)
+            logger.debug("Handling: %r, %r %r, %s", room_id, typ, state_key, event_id)
 
-            token = yield self.store.get_earliest_token_for_room_stats(room_id)
+            token = yield self.store.get_earliest_token_for_stats("room", room_id)
 
             # If the earliest token to begin from is larger than our current
             # stream ID, skip processing this delta.
@@ -131,203 +161,130 @@ class StatsHandler(StateDeltasHandler):
                 continue
 
             if event_id is None and prev_event_id is None:
-                # Errr...
+                logger.error(
+                    "event ID is None and so is the previous event ID. stream_id: %s",
+                    stream_id,
+                )
                 continue
 
             event_content = {}
 
+            sender = None
             if event_id is not None:
                 event = yield self.store.get_event(event_id, allow_none=True)
                 if event:
                     event_content = event.content or {}
+                    sender = event.sender
+
+            # All the values in this dict are deltas (RELATIVE changes)
+            room_stats_delta = room_to_stats_deltas.setdefault(room_id, Counter())
 
-            # We use stream_pos here rather than fetch by event_id as event_id
-            # may be None
-            now = yield self.store.get_received_ts_by_stream_pos(stream_pos)
+            room_state = room_to_state_updates.setdefault(room_id, {})
 
-            # quantise time to the nearest bucket
-            now = (now // 1000 // self.stats_bucket_size) * self.stats_bucket_size
+            if prev_event_id is None:
+                # this state event doesn't overwrite another,
+                # so it is a new effective/current state event
+                room_stats_delta["current_state_events"] += 1
 
             if typ == EventTypes.Member:
                 # we could use _get_key_change here but it's a bit inefficient
                 # given we're not testing for a specific result; might as well
                 # just grab the prev_membership and membership strings and
                 # compare them.
-                prev_event_content = {}
+                # We take None rather than leave as a previous membership
+                # in the absence of a previous event because we do not want to
+                # reduce the leave count when a new-to-the-room user joins.
+                prev_membership = None
                 if prev_event_id is not None:
                     prev_event = yield self.store.get_event(
                         prev_event_id, allow_none=True
                     )
                     if prev_event:
                         prev_event_content = prev_event.content
+                        prev_membership = prev_event_content.get(
+                            "membership", Membership.LEAVE
+                        )
 
                 membership = event_content.get("membership", Membership.LEAVE)
-                prev_membership = prev_event_content.get("membership", Membership.LEAVE)
-
-                if prev_membership == membership:
-                    continue
 
-                if prev_membership == Membership.JOIN:
-                    yield self.store.update_stats_delta(
-                        now, "room", room_id, "joined_members", -1
-                    )
+                if prev_membership is None:
+                    logger.debug("No previous membership for this user.")
+                elif membership == prev_membership:
+                    pass  # noop
+                elif prev_membership == Membership.JOIN:
+                    room_stats_delta["joined_members"] -= 1
                 elif prev_membership == Membership.INVITE:
-                    yield self.store.update_stats_delta(
-                        now, "room", room_id, "invited_members", -1
-                    )
+                    room_stats_delta["invited_members"] -= 1
                 elif prev_membership == Membership.LEAVE:
-                    yield self.store.update_stats_delta(
-                        now, "room", room_id, "left_members", -1
-                    )
+                    room_stats_delta["left_members"] -= 1
                 elif prev_membership == Membership.BAN:
-                    yield self.store.update_stats_delta(
-                        now, "room", room_id, "banned_members", -1
-                    )
+                    room_stats_delta["banned_members"] -= 1
                 else:
-                    err = "%s is not a valid prev_membership" % (repr(prev_membership),)
-                    logger.error(err)
-                    raise ValueError(err)
+                    raise ValueError(
+                        "%r is not a valid prev_membership" % (prev_membership,)
+                    )
 
+                if membership == prev_membership:
+                    pass  # noop
                 if membership == Membership.JOIN:
-                    yield self.store.update_stats_delta(
-                        now, "room", room_id, "joined_members", +1
-                    )
+                    room_stats_delta["joined_members"] += 1
                 elif membership == Membership.INVITE:
-                    yield self.store.update_stats_delta(
-                        now, "room", room_id, "invited_members", +1
-                    )
+                    room_stats_delta["invited_members"] += 1
+
+                    if sender and self.is_mine_id(sender):
+                        user_to_stats_deltas.setdefault(sender, Counter())[
+                            "invites_sent"
+                        ] += 1
+
                 elif membership == Membership.LEAVE:
-                    yield self.store.update_stats_delta(
-                        now, "room", room_id, "left_members", +1
-                    )
+                    room_stats_delta["left_members"] += 1
                 elif membership == Membership.BAN:
-                    yield self.store.update_stats_delta(
-                        now, "room", room_id, "banned_members", +1
-                    )
+                    room_stats_delta["banned_members"] += 1
                 else:
-                    err = "%s is not a valid membership" % (repr(membership),)
-                    logger.error(err)
-                    raise ValueError(err)
+                    raise ValueError("%r is not a valid membership" % (membership,))
 
                 user_id = state_key
                 if self.is_mine_id(user_id):
-                    # update user_stats as it's one of our users
-                    public = yield self._is_public_room(room_id)
-
-                    if membership == Membership.LEAVE:
-                        yield self.store.update_stats_delta(
-                            now,
-                            "user",
-                            user_id,
-                            "public_rooms" if public else "private_rooms",
-                            -1,
-                        )
-                    elif membership == Membership.JOIN:
-                        yield self.store.update_stats_delta(
-                            now,
-                            "user",
-                            user_id,
-                            "public_rooms" if public else "private_rooms",
-                            +1,
-                        )
+                    # this accounts for transitions like leave → ban and so on.
+                    has_changed_joinedness = (prev_membership == Membership.JOIN) != (
+                        membership == Membership.JOIN
+                    )
 
-            elif typ == EventTypes.Create:
-                # Newly created room. Add it with all blank portions.
-                yield self.store.update_room_state(
-                    room_id,
-                    {
-                        "join_rules": None,
-                        "history_visibility": None,
-                        "encryption": None,
-                        "name": None,
-                        "topic": None,
-                        "avatar": None,
-                        "canonical_alias": None,
-                    },
-                )
+                    if has_changed_joinedness:
+                        delta = +1 if membership == Membership.JOIN else -1
 
-            elif typ == EventTypes.JoinRules:
-                yield self.store.update_room_state(
-                    room_id, {"join_rules": event_content.get("join_rule")}
-                )
+                        user_to_stats_deltas.setdefault(user_id, Counter())[
+                            "joined_rooms"
+                        ] += delta
 
-                is_public = yield self._get_key_change(
-                    prev_event_id, event_id, "join_rule", JoinRules.PUBLIC
-                )
-                if is_public is not None:
-                    yield self.update_public_room_stats(now, room_id, is_public)
+                        room_stats_delta["local_users_in_room"] += delta
 
+            elif typ == EventTypes.Create:
+                room_state["is_federatable"] = event_content.get("m.federate", True)
+                if sender and self.is_mine_id(sender):
+                    user_to_stats_deltas.setdefault(sender, Counter())[
+                        "rooms_created"
+                    ] += 1
+            elif typ == EventTypes.JoinRules:
+                room_state["join_rules"] = event_content.get("join_rule")
             elif typ == EventTypes.RoomHistoryVisibility:
-                yield self.store.update_room_state(
-                    room_id,
-                    {"history_visibility": event_content.get("history_visibility")},
-                )
-
-                is_public = yield self._get_key_change(
-                    prev_event_id, event_id, "history_visibility", "world_readable"
+                room_state["history_visibility"] = event_content.get(
+                    "history_visibility"
                 )
-                if is_public is not None:
-                    yield self.update_public_room_stats(now, room_id, is_public)
-
             elif typ == EventTypes.Encryption:
-                yield self.store.update_room_state(
-                    room_id, {"encryption": event_content.get("algorithm")}
-                )
+                room_state["encryption"] = event_content.get("algorithm")
             elif typ == EventTypes.Name:
-                yield self.store.update_room_state(
-                    room_id, {"name": event_content.get("name")}
-                )
+                room_state["name"] = event_content.get("name")
             elif typ == EventTypes.Topic:
-                yield self.store.update_room_state(
-                    room_id, {"topic": event_content.get("topic")}
-                )
+                room_state["topic"] = event_content.get("topic")
             elif typ == EventTypes.RoomAvatar:
-                yield self.store.update_room_state(
-                    room_id, {"avatar": event_content.get("url")}
-                )
+                room_state["avatar"] = event_content.get("url")
             elif typ == EventTypes.CanonicalAlias:
-                yield self.store.update_room_state(
-                    room_id, {"canonical_alias": event_content.get("alias")}
-                )
+                room_state["canonical_alias"] = event_content.get("alias")
+            elif typ == EventTypes.GuestAccess:
+                room_state["guest_access"] = event_content.get("guest_access")
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def update_public_room_stats(self, ts, room_id, is_public):
-        """
-        Increment/decrement a user's number of public rooms when a room they are
-        in changes to/from public visibility.
+        for room_id, state in room_to_state_updates.items():
+            yield self.store.update_room_state(room_id, state)
 
-        Args:
-            ts (int): Timestamp in seconds
-            room_id (str)
-            is_public (bool)
-        """
-        # For now, blindly iterate over all local users in the room so that
-        # we can handle the whole problem of copying buckets over as needed
-        user_ids = yield self.store.get_users_in_room(room_id)
-
-        for user_id in user_ids:
-            if self.hs.is_mine(UserID.from_string(user_id)):
-                yield self.store.update_stats_delta(
-                    ts, "user", user_id, "public_rooms", +1 if is_public else -1
-                )
-                yield self.store.update_stats_delta(
-                    ts, "user", user_id, "private_rooms", -1 if is_public else +1
-                )
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _is_public_room(self, room_id):
-        join_rules = yield self.state.get_current_state(room_id, EventTypes.JoinRules)
-        history_visibility = yield self.state.get_current_state(
-            room_id, EventTypes.RoomHistoryVisibility
-        )
-
-        if (join_rules and join_rules.content.get("join_rule") == JoinRules.PUBLIC) or (
-            (
-                history_visibility
-                and history_visibility.content.get("history_visibility")
-                == "world_readable"
-            )
-        ):
-            return True
-        else:
-            return False
+        return room_to_stats_deltas, user_to_stats_deltas
diff --git a/synapse/storage/events.py b/synapse/storage/events.py
index 32050868ff..1958afe1d7 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/events.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/events.py
@@ -2270,8 +2270,9 @@ class EventsStore(
             "room_aliases",
             "room_depth",
             "room_memberships",
-            "room_state",
-            "room_stats",
+            "room_stats_state",
+            "room_stats_current",
+            "room_stats_historical",
             "room_stats_earliest_token",
             "rooms",
             "stream_ordering_to_exterm",
diff --git a/synapse/storage/registration.py b/synapse/storage/registration.py
index 3f50324253..2d3c7e2dc9 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/registration.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/registration.py
@@ -869,6 +869,17 @@ class RegistrationStore(
                 (user_id_obj.localpart, create_profile_with_displayname),
             )
 
+        if self.hs.config.stats_enabled:
+            # we create a new completed user statistics row
+
+            # we don't strictly need current_token since this user really can't
+            # have any state deltas before now (as it is a new user), but still,
+            # we include it for completeness.
+            current_token = self._get_max_stream_id_in_current_state_deltas_txn(txn)
+            self._update_stats_delta_txn(
+                txn, now, "user", user_id, {}, complete_with_stream_id=current_token
+            )
+
         self._invalidate_cache_and_stream(txn, self.get_user_by_id, (user_id,))
         txn.call_after(self.is_guest.invalidate, (user_id,))
 
@@ -1140,6 +1151,7 @@ class RegistrationStore(
             deferred str|None: A str representing a link to redirect the user
             to if there is one.
         """
+
         # Insert everything into a transaction in order to run atomically
         def validate_threepid_session_txn(txn):
             row = self._simple_select_one_txn(
diff --git a/synapse/storage/roommember.py b/synapse/storage/roommember.py
index eecb276465..f8b682ebd9 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/roommember.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/roommember.py
@@ -112,29 +112,31 @@ class RoomMemberWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore):
 
     @cached(max_entries=100000, iterable=True)
     def get_users_in_room(self, room_id):
-        def f(txn):
-            # If we can assume current_state_events.membership is up to date
-            # then we can avoid a join, which is a Very Good Thing given how
-            # frequently this function gets called.
-            if self._current_state_events_membership_up_to_date:
-                sql = """
-                    SELECT state_key FROM current_state_events
-                    WHERE type = 'm.room.member' AND room_id = ? AND membership = ?
-                """
-            else:
-                sql = """
-                    SELECT state_key FROM room_memberships as m
-                    INNER JOIN current_state_events as c
-                    ON m.event_id = c.event_id
-                    AND m.room_id = c.room_id
-                    AND m.user_id = c.state_key
-                    WHERE c.type = 'm.room.member' AND c.room_id = ? AND m.membership = ?
-                """
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "get_users_in_room", self.get_users_in_room_txn, room_id
+        )
 
-            txn.execute(sql, (room_id, Membership.JOIN))
-            return [to_ascii(r[0]) for r in txn]
+    def get_users_in_room_txn(self, txn, room_id):
+        # If we can assume current_state_events.membership is up to date
+        # then we can avoid a join, which is a Very Good Thing given how
+        # frequently this function gets called.
+        if self._current_state_events_membership_up_to_date:
+            sql = """
+                SELECT state_key FROM current_state_events
+                WHERE type = 'm.room.member' AND room_id = ? AND membership = ?
+            """
+        else:
+            sql = """
+                SELECT state_key FROM room_memberships as m
+                INNER JOIN current_state_events as c
+                ON m.event_id = c.event_id
+                AND m.room_id = c.room_id
+                AND m.user_id = c.state_key
+                WHERE c.type = 'm.room.member' AND c.room_id = ? AND m.membership = ?
+            """
 
-        return self.runInteraction("get_users_in_room", f)
+        txn.execute(sql, (room_id, Membership.JOIN))
+        return [to_ascii(r[0]) for r in txn]
 
     @cached(max_entries=100000)
     def get_room_summary(self, room_id):
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/56/stats_separated.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/56/stats_separated.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..163529c071
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/56/stats_separated.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+/* Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
+ * Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+
+----- First clean up from previous versions of room stats.
+
+-- First remove old stats stuff
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS room_stats;
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS room_state;
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS room_stats_state;
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS user_stats;
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS room_stats_earliest_tokens;
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS _temp_populate_stats_position;
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS _temp_populate_stats_rooms;
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS stats_stream_pos;
+
+-- Unschedule old background updates if they're still scheduled
+DELETE FROM background_updates WHERE update_name IN (
+    'populate_stats_createtables',
+    'populate_stats_process_rooms',
+    'populate_stats_process_users',
+    'populate_stats_cleanup'
+);
+
+INSERT INTO background_updates (update_name, progress_json, depends_on) VALUES
+    ('populate_stats_process_rooms', '{}', '');
+
+INSERT INTO background_updates (update_name, progress_json, depends_on) VALUES
+    ('populate_stats_process_users', '{}', 'populate_stats_process_rooms');
+
+----- Create tables for our version of room stats.
+
+-- single-row table to track position of incremental updates
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS stats_incremental_position;
+CREATE TABLE stats_incremental_position (
+    Lock CHAR(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT 'X' UNIQUE,  -- Makes sure this table only has one row.
+    stream_id  BIGINT NOT NULL,
+    CHECK (Lock='X')
+);
+
+-- insert a null row and make sure it is the only one.
+INSERT INTO stats_incremental_position (
+    stream_id
+) SELECT COALESCE(MAX(stream_ordering), 0) from events;
+
+-- represents PRESENT room statistics for a room
+-- only holds absolute fields
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS room_stats_current;
+CREATE TABLE room_stats_current (
+    room_id TEXT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+
+    -- These are absolute counts
+    current_state_events INT NOT NULL,
+    joined_members INT NOT NULL,
+    invited_members INT NOT NULL,
+    left_members INT NOT NULL,
+    banned_members INT NOT NULL,
+
+    local_users_in_room INT NOT NULL,
+
+    -- The maximum delta stream position that this row takes into account.
+    completed_delta_stream_id BIGINT NOT NULL
+);
+
+
+-- represents HISTORICAL room statistics for a room
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS room_stats_historical;
+CREATE TABLE room_stats_historical (
+    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    -- These stats cover the time from (end_ts - bucket_size)...end_ts (in ms).
+    -- Note that end_ts is quantised.
+    end_ts BIGINT NOT NULL,
+    bucket_size BIGINT NOT NULL,
+
+    -- These stats are absolute counts
+    current_state_events BIGINT NOT NULL,
+    joined_members BIGINT NOT NULL,
+    invited_members BIGINT NOT NULL,
+    left_members BIGINT NOT NULL,
+    banned_members BIGINT NOT NULL,
+    local_users_in_room BIGINT NOT NULL,
+
+    -- These stats are per time slice
+    total_events BIGINT NOT NULL,
+    total_event_bytes BIGINT NOT NULL,
+
+    PRIMARY KEY (room_id, end_ts)
+);
+
+-- We use this index to speed up deletion of ancient room stats.
+CREATE INDEX room_stats_historical_end_ts ON room_stats_historical (end_ts);
+
+-- represents PRESENT statistics for a user
+-- only holds absolute fields
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS user_stats_current;
+CREATE TABLE user_stats_current (
+    user_id TEXT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+
+    joined_rooms BIGINT NOT NULL,
+
+    -- The maximum delta stream position that this row takes into account.
+    completed_delta_stream_id BIGINT NOT NULL
+);
+
+-- represents HISTORICAL statistics for a user
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS user_stats_historical;
+CREATE TABLE user_stats_historical (
+    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    end_ts BIGINT NOT NULL,
+    bucket_size BIGINT NOT NULL,
+
+    joined_rooms BIGINT NOT NULL,
+
+    invites_sent BIGINT NOT NULL,
+    rooms_created BIGINT NOT NULL,
+    total_events BIGINT NOT NULL,
+    total_event_bytes BIGINT NOT NULL,
+
+    PRIMARY KEY (user_id, end_ts)
+);
+
+-- We use this index to speed up deletion of ancient user stats.
+CREATE INDEX user_stats_historical_end_ts ON user_stats_historical (end_ts);
+
+
+CREATE TABLE room_stats_state (
+    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    name TEXT,
+    canonical_alias TEXT,
+    join_rules TEXT,
+    history_visibility TEXT,
+    encryption TEXT,
+    avatar TEXT,
+    guest_access TEXT,
+    is_federatable BOOLEAN,
+    topic TEXT
+);
+
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX room_stats_state_room ON room_stats_state(room_id);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/stats.py b/synapse/storage/stats.py
index e13efed417..6560173c08 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/stats.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/stats.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018, 2019 New Vector Ltd
+# Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -14,17 +15,22 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 
 import logging
+from itertools import chain
 
 from twisted.internet import defer
+from twisted.internet.defer import DeferredLock
 
 from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes, Membership
-from synapse.storage.prepare_database import get_statements
+from synapse.storage import PostgresEngine
 from synapse.storage.state_deltas import StateDeltasStore
 from synapse.util.caches.descriptors import cached
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 # these fields track absolutes (e.g. total number of rooms on the server)
+# You can think of these as Prometheus Gauges.
+# You can draw these stats on a line graph.
+# Example: number of users in a room
 ABSOLUTE_STATS_FIELDS = {
     "room": (
         "current_state_events",
@@ -32,14 +38,23 @@ ABSOLUTE_STATS_FIELDS = {
         "invited_members",
         "left_members",
         "banned_members",
-        "state_events",
+        "local_users_in_room",
     ),
-    "user": ("public_rooms", "private_rooms"),
+    "user": ("joined_rooms",),
 }
 
-TYPE_TO_ROOM = {"room": ("room_stats", "room_id"), "user": ("user_stats", "user_id")}
+# these fields are per-timeslice and so should be reset to 0 upon a new slice
+# You can draw these stats on a histogram.
+# Example: number of events sent locally during a time slice
+PER_SLICE_FIELDS = {
+    "room": ("total_events", "total_event_bytes"),
+    "user": ("invites_sent", "rooms_created", "total_events", "total_event_bytes"),
+}
+
+TYPE_TO_TABLE = {"room": ("room_stats", "room_id"), "user": ("user_stats", "user_id")}
 
-TEMP_TABLE = "_temp_populate_stats"
+# these are the tables (& ID columns) which contain our actual subjects
+TYPE_TO_ORIGIN_TABLE = {"room": ("rooms", "room_id"), "user": ("users", "name")}
 
 
 class StatsStore(StateDeltasStore):
@@ -51,136 +66,102 @@ class StatsStore(StateDeltasStore):
         self.stats_enabled = hs.config.stats_enabled
         self.stats_bucket_size = hs.config.stats_bucket_size
 
-        self.register_background_update_handler(
-            "populate_stats_createtables", self._populate_stats_createtables
-        )
+        self.stats_delta_processing_lock = DeferredLock()
+
         self.register_background_update_handler(
             "populate_stats_process_rooms", self._populate_stats_process_rooms
         )
         self.register_background_update_handler(
-            "populate_stats_cleanup", self._populate_stats_cleanup
+            "populate_stats_process_users", self._populate_stats_process_users
         )
+        # we no longer need to perform clean-up, but we will give ourselves
+        # the potential to reintroduce it in the future – so documentation
+        # will still encourage the use of this no-op handler.
+        self.register_noop_background_update("populate_stats_cleanup")
+        self.register_noop_background_update("populate_stats_prepare")
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _populate_stats_createtables(self, progress, batch_size):
-
-        if not self.stats_enabled:
-            yield self._end_background_update("populate_stats_createtables")
-            return 1
-
-        # Get all the rooms that we want to process.
-        def _make_staging_area(txn):
-            # Create the temporary tables
-            stmts = get_statements(
-                """
-                -- We just recreate the table, we'll be reinserting the
-                -- correct entries again later anyway.
-                DROP TABLE IF EXISTS {temp}_rooms;
-
-                CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS {temp}_rooms(
-                    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-                    events BIGINT NOT NULL
-                );
-
-                CREATE INDEX {temp}_rooms_events
-                    ON {temp}_rooms(events);
-                CREATE INDEX {temp}_rooms_id
-                    ON {temp}_rooms(room_id);
-            """.format(
-                    temp=TEMP_TABLE
-                ).splitlines()
-            )
-
-            for statement in stmts:
-                txn.execute(statement)
-
-            sql = (
-                "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "
-                + TEMP_TABLE
-                + "_position(position TEXT NOT NULL)"
-            )
-            txn.execute(sql)
-
-            # Get rooms we want to process from the database, only adding
-            # those that we haven't (i.e. those not in room_stats_earliest_token)
-            sql = """
-                INSERT INTO %s_rooms (room_id, events)
-                SELECT c.room_id, count(*) FROM current_state_events AS c
-                LEFT JOIN room_stats_earliest_token AS t USING (room_id)
-                WHERE t.room_id IS NULL
-                GROUP BY c.room_id
-            """ % (
-                TEMP_TABLE,
-            )
-            txn.execute(sql)
+    def quantise_stats_time(self, ts):
+        """
+        Quantises a timestamp to be a multiple of the bucket size.
 
-        new_pos = yield self.get_max_stream_id_in_current_state_deltas()
-        yield self.runInteraction("populate_stats_temp_build", _make_staging_area)
-        yield self._simple_insert(TEMP_TABLE + "_position", {"position": new_pos})
-        self.get_earliest_token_for_room_stats.invalidate_all()
+        Args:
+            ts (int): the timestamp to quantise, in milliseconds since the Unix
+                Epoch
 
-        yield self._end_background_update("populate_stats_createtables")
-        return 1
+        Returns:
+            int: a timestamp which
+              - is divisible by the bucket size;
+              - is no later than `ts`; and
+              - is the largest such timestamp.
+        """
+        return (ts // self.stats_bucket_size) * self.stats_bucket_size
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _populate_stats_cleanup(self, progress, batch_size):
+    def _populate_stats_process_users(self, progress, batch_size):
         """
-        Update the user directory stream position, then clean up the old tables.
+        This is a background update which regenerates statistics for users.
         """
         if not self.stats_enabled:
-            yield self._end_background_update("populate_stats_cleanup")
+            yield self._end_background_update("populate_stats_process_users")
             return 1
 
-        position = yield self._simple_select_one_onecol(
-            TEMP_TABLE + "_position", None, "position"
+        last_user_id = progress.get("last_user_id", "")
+
+        def _get_next_batch(txn):
+            sql = """
+                    SELECT DISTINCT name FROM users
+                    WHERE name > ?
+                    ORDER BY name ASC
+                    LIMIT ?
+                """
+            txn.execute(sql, (last_user_id, batch_size))
+            return [r for r, in txn]
+
+        users_to_work_on = yield self.runInteraction(
+            "_populate_stats_process_users", _get_next_batch
         )
-        yield self.update_stats_stream_pos(position)
 
-        def _delete_staging_area(txn):
-            txn.execute("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS " + TEMP_TABLE + "_rooms")
-            txn.execute("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS " + TEMP_TABLE + "_position")
+        # No more rooms -- complete the transaction.
+        if not users_to_work_on:
+            yield self._end_background_update("populate_stats_process_users")
+            return 1
 
-        yield self.runInteraction("populate_stats_cleanup", _delete_staging_area)
+        for user_id in users_to_work_on:
+            yield self._calculate_and_set_initial_state_for_user(user_id)
+            progress["last_user_id"] = user_id
 
-        yield self._end_background_update("populate_stats_cleanup")
-        return 1
+        yield self.runInteraction(
+            "populate_stats_process_users",
+            self._background_update_progress_txn,
+            "populate_stats_process_users",
+            progress,
+        )
+
+        return len(users_to_work_on)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _populate_stats_process_rooms(self, progress, batch_size):
-
+        """
+        This is a background update which regenerates statistics for rooms.
+        """
         if not self.stats_enabled:
             yield self._end_background_update("populate_stats_process_rooms")
             return 1
 
-        # If we don't have progress filed, delete everything.
-        if not progress:
-            yield self.delete_all_stats()
+        last_room_id = progress.get("last_room_id", "")
 
         def _get_next_batch(txn):
-            # Only fetch 250 rooms, so we don't fetch too many at once, even
-            # if those 250 rooms have less than batch_size state events.
             sql = """
-                SELECT room_id, events FROM %s_rooms
-                ORDER BY events DESC
-                LIMIT 250
-            """ % (
-                TEMP_TABLE,
-            )
-            txn.execute(sql)
-            rooms_to_work_on = txn.fetchall()
-
-            if not rooms_to_work_on:
-                return None
-
-            # Get how many are left to process, so we can give status on how
-            # far we are in processing
-            txn.execute("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM " + TEMP_TABLE + "_rooms")
-            progress["remaining"] = txn.fetchone()[0]
-
-            return rooms_to_work_on
+                    SELECT DISTINCT room_id FROM current_state_events
+                    WHERE room_id > ?
+                    ORDER BY room_id ASC
+                    LIMIT ?
+                """
+            txn.execute(sql, (last_room_id, batch_size))
+            return [r for r, in txn]
 
         rooms_to_work_on = yield self.runInteraction(
-            "populate_stats_temp_read", _get_next_batch
+            "populate_stats_rooms_get_batch", _get_next_batch
         )
 
         # No more rooms -- complete the transaction.
@@ -188,154 +169,28 @@ class StatsStore(StateDeltasStore):
             yield self._end_background_update("populate_stats_process_rooms")
             return 1
 
-        logger.info(
-            "Processing the next %d rooms of %d remaining",
-            len(rooms_to_work_on),
-            progress["remaining"],
-        )
-
-        # Number of state events we've processed by going through each room
-        processed_event_count = 0
-
-        for room_id, event_count in rooms_to_work_on:
-
-            current_state_ids = yield self.get_current_state_ids(room_id)
-
-            join_rules_id = current_state_ids.get((EventTypes.JoinRules, ""))
-            history_visibility_id = current_state_ids.get(
-                (EventTypes.RoomHistoryVisibility, "")
-            )
-            encryption_id = current_state_ids.get((EventTypes.RoomEncryption, ""))
-            name_id = current_state_ids.get((EventTypes.Name, ""))
-            topic_id = current_state_ids.get((EventTypes.Topic, ""))
-            avatar_id = current_state_ids.get((EventTypes.RoomAvatar, ""))
-            canonical_alias_id = current_state_ids.get((EventTypes.CanonicalAlias, ""))
-
-            event_ids = [
-                join_rules_id,
-                history_visibility_id,
-                encryption_id,
-                name_id,
-                topic_id,
-                avatar_id,
-                canonical_alias_id,
-            ]
-
-            state_events = yield self.get_events(
-                [ev for ev in event_ids if ev is not None]
-            )
-
-            def _get_or_none(event_id, arg):
-                event = state_events.get(event_id)
-                if event:
-                    return event.content.get(arg)
-                return None
-
-            yield self.update_room_state(
-                room_id,
-                {
-                    "join_rules": _get_or_none(join_rules_id, "join_rule"),
-                    "history_visibility": _get_or_none(
-                        history_visibility_id, "history_visibility"
-                    ),
-                    "encryption": _get_or_none(encryption_id, "algorithm"),
-                    "name": _get_or_none(name_id, "name"),
-                    "topic": _get_or_none(topic_id, "topic"),
-                    "avatar": _get_or_none(avatar_id, "url"),
-                    "canonical_alias": _get_or_none(canonical_alias_id, "alias"),
-                },
-            )
+        for room_id in rooms_to_work_on:
+            yield self._calculate_and_set_initial_state_for_room(room_id)
+            progress["last_room_id"] = room_id
 
-            now = self.hs.get_reactor().seconds()
-
-            # quantise time to the nearest bucket
-            now = (now // self.stats_bucket_size) * self.stats_bucket_size
-
-            def _fetch_data(txn):
-
-                # Get the current token of the room
-                current_token = self._get_max_stream_id_in_current_state_deltas_txn(txn)
-
-                current_state_events = len(current_state_ids)
-
-                membership_counts = self._get_user_counts_in_room_txn(txn, room_id)
-
-                total_state_events = self._get_total_state_event_counts_txn(
-                    txn, room_id
-                )
-
-                self._update_stats_txn(
-                    txn,
-                    "room",
-                    room_id,
-                    now,
-                    {
-                        "bucket_size": self.stats_bucket_size,
-                        "current_state_events": current_state_events,
-                        "joined_members": membership_counts.get(Membership.JOIN, 0),
-                        "invited_members": membership_counts.get(Membership.INVITE, 0),
-                        "left_members": membership_counts.get(Membership.LEAVE, 0),
-                        "banned_members": membership_counts.get(Membership.BAN, 0),
-                        "state_events": total_state_events,
-                    },
-                )
-                self._simple_insert_txn(
-                    txn,
-                    "room_stats_earliest_token",
-                    {"room_id": room_id, "token": current_token},
-                )
-
-                # We've finished a room. Delete it from the table.
-                self._simple_delete_one_txn(
-                    txn, TEMP_TABLE + "_rooms", {"room_id": room_id}
-                )
-
-            yield self.runInteraction("update_room_stats", _fetch_data)
-
-            # Update the remaining counter.
-            progress["remaining"] -= 1
-            yield self.runInteraction(
-                "populate_stats",
-                self._background_update_progress_txn,
-                "populate_stats_process_rooms",
-                progress,
-            )
-
-            processed_event_count += event_count
-
-            if processed_event_count > batch_size:
-                # Don't process any more rooms, we've hit our batch size.
-                return processed_event_count
+        yield self.runInteraction(
+            "_populate_stats_process_rooms",
+            self._background_update_progress_txn,
+            "populate_stats_process_rooms",
+            progress,
+        )
 
-        return processed_event_count
+        return len(rooms_to_work_on)
 
-    def delete_all_stats(self):
+    def get_stats_positions(self):
         """
-        Delete all statistics records.
+        Returns the stats processor positions.
         """
-
-        def _delete_all_stats_txn(txn):
-            txn.execute("DELETE FROM room_state")
-            txn.execute("DELETE FROM room_stats")
-            txn.execute("DELETE FROM room_stats_earliest_token")
-            txn.execute("DELETE FROM user_stats")
-
-        return self.runInteraction("delete_all_stats", _delete_all_stats_txn)
-
-    def get_stats_stream_pos(self):
         return self._simple_select_one_onecol(
-            table="stats_stream_pos",
+            table="stats_incremental_position",
             keyvalues={},
             retcol="stream_id",
-            desc="stats_stream_pos",
-        )
-
-    def update_stats_stream_pos(self, stream_id):
-        return self._simple_update_one(
-            table="stats_stream_pos",
-            keyvalues={},
-            updatevalues={"stream_id": stream_id},
-            desc="update_stats_stream_pos",
+            desc="stats_incremental_position",
         )
 
     def update_room_state(self, room_id, fields):
@@ -361,42 +216,87 @@ class StatsStore(StateDeltasStore):
                 fields[col] = None
 
         return self._simple_upsert(
-            table="room_state",
+            table="room_stats_state",
             keyvalues={"room_id": room_id},
             values=fields,
             desc="update_room_state",
         )
 
-    def get_deltas_for_room(self, room_id, start, size=100):
+    def get_statistics_for_subject(self, stats_type, stats_id, start, size=100):
         """
-        Get statistics deltas for a given room.
+        Get statistics for a given subject.
 
         Args:
-            room_id (str)
+            stats_type (str): The type of subject
+            stats_id (str): The ID of the subject (e.g. room_id or user_id)
             start (int): Pagination start. Number of entries, not timestamp.
             size (int): How many entries to return.
 
         Returns:
             Deferred[list[dict]], where the dict has the keys of
-            ABSOLUTE_STATS_FIELDS["room"] and "ts".
+            ABSOLUTE_STATS_FIELDS[stats_type],  and "bucket_size" and "end_ts".
         """
-        return self._simple_select_list_paginate(
-            "room_stats",
-            {"room_id": room_id},
-            "ts",
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "get_statistics_for_subject",
+            self._get_statistics_for_subject_txn,
+            stats_type,
+            stats_id,
+            start,
+            size,
+        )
+
+    def _get_statistics_for_subject_txn(
+        self, txn, stats_type, stats_id, start, size=100
+    ):
+        """
+        Transaction-bound version of L{get_statistics_for_subject}.
+        """
+
+        table, id_col = TYPE_TO_TABLE[stats_type]
+        selected_columns = list(
+            ABSOLUTE_STATS_FIELDS[stats_type] + PER_SLICE_FIELDS[stats_type]
+        )
+
+        slice_list = self._simple_select_list_paginate_txn(
+            txn,
+            table + "_historical",
+            {id_col: stats_id},
+            "end_ts",
             start,
             size,
-            retcols=(list(ABSOLUTE_STATS_FIELDS["room"]) + ["ts"]),
+            retcols=selected_columns + ["bucket_size", "end_ts"],
             order_direction="DESC",
         )
 
-    def get_all_room_state(self):
-        return self._simple_select_list(
-            "room_state", None, retcols=("name", "topic", "canonical_alias")
+        return slice_list
+
+    def get_room_stats_state(self, room_id):
+        """
+        Returns the current room_stats_state for a room.
+
+        Args:
+            room_id (str): The ID of the room to return state for.
+
+        Returns (dict):
+            Dictionary containing these keys:
+                "name", "topic", "canonical_alias", "avatar", "join_rules",
+                "history_visibility"
+        """
+        return self._simple_select_one(
+            "room_stats_state",
+            {"room_id": room_id},
+            retcols=(
+                "name",
+                "topic",
+                "canonical_alias",
+                "avatar",
+                "join_rules",
+                "history_visibility",
+            ),
         )
 
     @cached()
-    def get_earliest_token_for_room_stats(self, room_id):
+    def get_earliest_token_for_stats(self, stats_type, id):
         """
         Fetch the "earliest token". This is used by the room stats delta
         processor to ignore deltas that have been processed between the
@@ -406,79 +306,571 @@ class StatsStore(StateDeltasStore):
         Returns:
             Deferred[int]
         """
+        table, id_col = TYPE_TO_TABLE[stats_type]
+
         return self._simple_select_one_onecol(
-            "room_stats_earliest_token",
-            {"room_id": room_id},
-            retcol="token",
+            "%s_current" % (table,),
+            keyvalues={id_col: id},
+            retcol="completed_delta_stream_id",
             allow_none=True,
         )
 
-    def update_stats(self, stats_type, stats_id, ts, fields):
-        table, id_col = TYPE_TO_ROOM[stats_type]
-        return self._simple_upsert(
-            table=table,
-            keyvalues={id_col: stats_id, "ts": ts},
-            values=fields,
-            desc="update_stats",
+    def bulk_update_stats_delta(self, ts, updates, stream_id):
+        """Bulk update stats tables for a given stream_id and updates the stats
+        incremental position.
+
+        Args:
+            ts (int): Current timestamp in ms
+            updates(dict[str, dict[str, dict[str, Counter]]]): The updates to
+                commit as a mapping stats_type -> stats_id -> field -> delta.
+            stream_id (int): Current position.
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred
+        """
+
+        def _bulk_update_stats_delta_txn(txn):
+            for stats_type, stats_updates in updates.items():
+                for stats_id, fields in stats_updates.items():
+                    self._update_stats_delta_txn(
+                        txn,
+                        ts=ts,
+                        stats_type=stats_type,
+                        stats_id=stats_id,
+                        fields=fields,
+                        complete_with_stream_id=stream_id,
+                    )
+
+            self._simple_update_one_txn(
+                txn,
+                table="stats_incremental_position",
+                keyvalues={},
+                updatevalues={"stream_id": stream_id},
+            )
+
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "bulk_update_stats_delta", _bulk_update_stats_delta_txn
         )
 
-    def _update_stats_txn(self, txn, stats_type, stats_id, ts, fields):
-        table, id_col = TYPE_TO_ROOM[stats_type]
-        return self._simple_upsert_txn(
-            txn, table=table, keyvalues={id_col: stats_id, "ts": ts}, values=fields
+    def update_stats_delta(
+        self,
+        ts,
+        stats_type,
+        stats_id,
+        fields,
+        complete_with_stream_id,
+        absolute_field_overrides=None,
+    ):
+        """
+        Updates the statistics for a subject, with a delta (difference/relative
+        change).
+
+        Args:
+            ts (int): timestamp of the change
+            stats_type (str): "room" or "user" – the kind of subject
+            stats_id (str): the subject's ID (room ID or user ID)
+            fields (dict[str, int]): Deltas of stats values.
+            complete_with_stream_id (int, optional):
+                If supplied, converts an incomplete row into a complete row,
+                with the supplied stream_id marked as the stream_id where the
+                row was completed.
+            absolute_field_overrides (dict[str, int]): Current stats values
+                (i.e. not deltas) of absolute fields.
+                Does not work with per-slice fields.
+        """
+
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "update_stats_delta",
+            self._update_stats_delta_txn,
+            ts,
+            stats_type,
+            stats_id,
+            fields,
+            complete_with_stream_id=complete_with_stream_id,
+            absolute_field_overrides=absolute_field_overrides,
         )
 
-    def update_stats_delta(self, ts, stats_type, stats_id, field, value):
-        def _update_stats_delta(txn):
-            table, id_col = TYPE_TO_ROOM[stats_type]
-
-            sql = (
-                "SELECT * FROM %s"
-                " WHERE %s=? and ts=("
-                "  SELECT MAX(ts) FROM %s"
-                "  WHERE %s=?"
-                ")"
-            ) % (table, id_col, table, id_col)
-            txn.execute(sql, (stats_id, stats_id))
-            rows = self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
-            if len(rows) == 0:
-                # silently skip as we don't have anything to apply a delta to yet.
-                # this tries to minimise any race between the initial sync and
-                # subsequent deltas arriving.
-                return
-
-            current_ts = ts
-            latest_ts = rows[0]["ts"]
-            if current_ts < latest_ts:
-                # This one is in the past, but we're just encountering it now.
-                # Mark it as part of the current bucket.
-                current_ts = latest_ts
-            elif ts != latest_ts:
-                # we have to copy our absolute counters over to the new entry.
-                values = {
-                    key: rows[0][key] for key in ABSOLUTE_STATS_FIELDS[stats_type]
-                }
-                values[id_col] = stats_id
-                values["ts"] = ts
-                values["bucket_size"] = self.stats_bucket_size
-
-                self._simple_insert_txn(txn, table=table, values=values)
-
-            # actually update the new value
-            if stats_type in ABSOLUTE_STATS_FIELDS[stats_type]:
-                self._simple_update_txn(
-                    txn,
-                    table=table,
-                    keyvalues={id_col: stats_id, "ts": current_ts},
-                    updatevalues={field: value},
+    def _update_stats_delta_txn(
+        self,
+        txn,
+        ts,
+        stats_type,
+        stats_id,
+        fields,
+        complete_with_stream_id,
+        absolute_field_overrides=None,
+    ):
+        if absolute_field_overrides is None:
+            absolute_field_overrides = {}
+
+        table, id_col = TYPE_TO_TABLE[stats_type]
+
+        quantised_ts = self.quantise_stats_time(int(ts))
+        end_ts = quantised_ts + self.stats_bucket_size
+
+        # Lets be paranoid and check that all the given field names are known
+        abs_field_names = ABSOLUTE_STATS_FIELDS[stats_type]
+        slice_field_names = PER_SLICE_FIELDS[stats_type]
+        for field in chain(fields.keys(), absolute_field_overrides.keys()):
+            if field not in abs_field_names and field not in slice_field_names:
+                # guard against potential SQL injection dodginess
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "%s is not a recognised field"
+                    " for stats type %s" % (field, stats_type)
                 )
+
+        # Per slice fields do not get added to the _current table
+
+        # This calculates the deltas (`field = field + ?` values)
+        # for absolute fields,
+        # * defaulting to 0 if not specified
+        #     (required for the INSERT part of upserting to work)
+        # * omitting overrides specified in `absolute_field_overrides`
+        deltas_of_absolute_fields = {
+            key: fields.get(key, 0)
+            for key in abs_field_names
+            if key not in absolute_field_overrides
+        }
+
+        # Keep the delta stream ID field up to date
+        absolute_field_overrides = absolute_field_overrides.copy()
+        absolute_field_overrides["completed_delta_stream_id"] = complete_with_stream_id
+
+        # first upsert the `_current` table
+        self._upsert_with_additive_relatives_txn(
+            txn=txn,
+            table=table + "_current",
+            keyvalues={id_col: stats_id},
+            absolutes=absolute_field_overrides,
+            additive_relatives=deltas_of_absolute_fields,
+        )
+
+        per_slice_additive_relatives = {
+            key: fields.get(key, 0) for key in slice_field_names
+        }
+        self._upsert_copy_from_table_with_additive_relatives_txn(
+            txn=txn,
+            into_table=table + "_historical",
+            keyvalues={id_col: stats_id},
+            extra_dst_insvalues={"bucket_size": self.stats_bucket_size},
+            extra_dst_keyvalues={"end_ts": end_ts},
+            additive_relatives=per_slice_additive_relatives,
+            src_table=table + "_current",
+            copy_columns=abs_field_names,
+        )
+
+    def _upsert_with_additive_relatives_txn(
+        self, txn, table, keyvalues, absolutes, additive_relatives
+    ):
+        """Used to update values in the stats tables.
+
+        This is basically a slightly convoluted upsert that *adds* to any
+        existing rows.
+
+        Args:
+            txn
+            table (str): Table name
+            keyvalues (dict[str, any]): Row-identifying key values
+            absolutes (dict[str, any]): Absolute (set) fields
+            additive_relatives (dict[str, int]): Fields that will be added onto
+                if existing row present.
+        """
+        if self.database_engine.can_native_upsert:
+            absolute_updates = [
+                "%(field)s = EXCLUDED.%(field)s" % {"field": field}
+                for field in absolutes.keys()
+            ]
+
+            relative_updates = [
+                "%(field)s = EXCLUDED.%(field)s + %(table)s.%(field)s"
+                % {"table": table, "field": field}
+                for field in additive_relatives.keys()
+            ]
+
+            insert_cols = []
+            qargs = []
+
+            for (key, val) in chain(
+                keyvalues.items(), absolutes.items(), additive_relatives.items()
+            ):
+                insert_cols.append(key)
+                qargs.append(val)
+
+            sql = """
+                INSERT INTO %(table)s (%(insert_cols_cs)s)
+                VALUES (%(insert_vals_qs)s)
+                ON CONFLICT (%(key_columns)s) DO UPDATE SET %(updates)s
+            """ % {
+                "table": table,
+                "insert_cols_cs": ", ".join(insert_cols),
+                "insert_vals_qs": ", ".join(
+                    ["?"] * (len(keyvalues) + len(absolutes) + len(additive_relatives))
+                ),
+                "key_columns": ", ".join(keyvalues),
+                "updates": ", ".join(chain(absolute_updates, relative_updates)),
+            }
+
+            txn.execute(sql, qargs)
+        else:
+            self.database_engine.lock_table(txn, table)
+            retcols = list(chain(absolutes.keys(), additive_relatives.keys()))
+            current_row = self._simple_select_one_txn(
+                txn, table, keyvalues, retcols, allow_none=True
+            )
+            if current_row is None:
+                merged_dict = {**keyvalues, **absolutes, **additive_relatives}
+                self._simple_insert_txn(txn, table, merged_dict)
+            else:
+                for (key, val) in additive_relatives.items():
+                    current_row[key] += val
+                current_row.update(absolutes)
+                self._simple_update_one_txn(txn, table, keyvalues, current_row)
+
+    def _upsert_copy_from_table_with_additive_relatives_txn(
+        self,
+        txn,
+        into_table,
+        keyvalues,
+        extra_dst_keyvalues,
+        extra_dst_insvalues,
+        additive_relatives,
+        src_table,
+        copy_columns,
+    ):
+        """Updates the historic stats table with latest updates.
+
+        This involves copying "absolute" fields from the `_current` table, and
+        adding relative fields to any existing values.
+
+        Args:
+             txn: Transaction
+             into_table (str): The destination table to UPSERT the row into
+             keyvalues (dict[str, any]): Row-identifying key values
+             extra_dst_keyvalues (dict[str, any]): Additional keyvalues
+                for `into_table`.
+             extra_dst_insvalues (dict[str, any]): Additional values to insert
+                on new row creation for `into_table`.
+             additive_relatives (dict[str, any]): Fields that will be added onto
+                if existing row present. (Must be disjoint from copy_columns.)
+             src_table (str): The source table to copy from
+             copy_columns (iterable[str]): The list of columns to copy
+        """
+        if self.database_engine.can_native_upsert:
+            ins_columns = chain(
+                keyvalues,
+                copy_columns,
+                additive_relatives,
+                extra_dst_keyvalues,
+                extra_dst_insvalues,
+            )
+            sel_exprs = chain(
+                keyvalues,
+                copy_columns,
+                (
+                    "?"
+                    for _ in chain(
+                        additive_relatives, extra_dst_keyvalues, extra_dst_insvalues
+                    )
+                ),
+            )
+            keyvalues_where = ("%s = ?" % f for f in keyvalues)
+
+            sets_cc = ("%s = EXCLUDED.%s" % (f, f) for f in copy_columns)
+            sets_ar = (
+                "%s = EXCLUDED.%s + %s.%s" % (f, f, into_table, f)
+                for f in additive_relatives
+            )
+
+            sql = """
+                INSERT INTO %(into_table)s (%(ins_columns)s)
+                SELECT %(sel_exprs)s
+                FROM %(src_table)s
+                WHERE %(keyvalues_where)s
+                ON CONFLICT (%(keyvalues)s)
+                DO UPDATE SET %(sets)s
+            """ % {
+                "into_table": into_table,
+                "ins_columns": ", ".join(ins_columns),
+                "sel_exprs": ", ".join(sel_exprs),
+                "keyvalues_where": " AND ".join(keyvalues_where),
+                "src_table": src_table,
+                "keyvalues": ", ".join(
+                    chain(keyvalues.keys(), extra_dst_keyvalues.keys())
+                ),
+                "sets": ", ".join(chain(sets_cc, sets_ar)),
+            }
+
+            qargs = list(
+                chain(
+                    additive_relatives.values(),
+                    extra_dst_keyvalues.values(),
+                    extra_dst_insvalues.values(),
+                    keyvalues.values(),
+                )
+            )
+            txn.execute(sql, qargs)
+        else:
+            self.database_engine.lock_table(txn, into_table)
+            src_row = self._simple_select_one_txn(
+                txn, src_table, keyvalues, copy_columns
+            )
+            all_dest_keyvalues = {**keyvalues, **extra_dst_keyvalues}
+            dest_current_row = self._simple_select_one_txn(
+                txn,
+                into_table,
+                keyvalues=all_dest_keyvalues,
+                retcols=list(chain(additive_relatives.keys(), copy_columns)),
+                allow_none=True,
+            )
+
+            if dest_current_row is None:
+                merged_dict = {
+                    **keyvalues,
+                    **extra_dst_keyvalues,
+                    **extra_dst_insvalues,
+                    **src_row,
+                    **additive_relatives,
+                }
+                self._simple_insert_txn(txn, into_table, merged_dict)
             else:
-                sql = ("UPDATE %s SET %s=%s+? WHERE %s=? AND ts=?") % (
-                    table,
-                    field,
-                    field,
-                    id_col,
+                for (key, val) in additive_relatives.items():
+                    src_row[key] = dest_current_row[key] + val
+                self._simple_update_txn(txn, into_table, all_dest_keyvalues, src_row)
+
+    def get_changes_room_total_events_and_bytes(self, min_pos, max_pos):
+        """Fetches the counts of events in the given range of stream IDs.
+
+        Args:
+            min_pos (int)
+            max_pos (int)
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred[dict[str, dict[str, int]]]: Mapping of room ID to field
+            changes.
+        """
+
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "stats_incremental_total_events_and_bytes",
+            self.get_changes_room_total_events_and_bytes_txn,
+            min_pos,
+            max_pos,
+        )
+
+    def get_changes_room_total_events_and_bytes_txn(self, txn, low_pos, high_pos):
+        """Gets the total_events and total_event_bytes counts for rooms and
+        senders, in a range of stream_orderings (including backfilled events).
+
+        Args:
+            txn
+            low_pos (int): Low stream ordering
+            high_pos (int): High stream ordering
+
+        Returns:
+            tuple[dict[str, dict[str, int]], dict[str, dict[str, int]]]: The
+            room and user deltas for total_events/total_event_bytes in the
+            format of `stats_id` -> fields
+        """
+
+        if low_pos >= high_pos:
+            # nothing to do here.
+            return {}, {}
+
+        if isinstance(self.database_engine, PostgresEngine):
+            new_bytes_expression = "OCTET_LENGTH(json)"
+        else:
+            new_bytes_expression = "LENGTH(CAST(json AS BLOB))"
+
+        sql = """
+            SELECT events.room_id, COUNT(*) AS new_events, SUM(%s) AS new_bytes
+            FROM events INNER JOIN event_json USING (event_id)
+            WHERE (? < stream_ordering AND stream_ordering <= ?)
+                OR (? <= stream_ordering AND stream_ordering <= ?)
+            GROUP BY events.room_id
+        """ % (
+            new_bytes_expression,
+        )
+
+        txn.execute(sql, (low_pos, high_pos, -high_pos, -low_pos))
+
+        room_deltas = {
+            room_id: {"total_events": new_events, "total_event_bytes": new_bytes}
+            for room_id, new_events, new_bytes in txn
+        }
+
+        sql = """
+            SELECT events.sender, COUNT(*) AS new_events, SUM(%s) AS new_bytes
+            FROM events INNER JOIN event_json USING (event_id)
+            WHERE (? < stream_ordering AND stream_ordering <= ?)
+                OR (? <= stream_ordering AND stream_ordering <= ?)
+            GROUP BY events.sender
+        """ % (
+            new_bytes_expression,
+        )
+
+        txn.execute(sql, (low_pos, high_pos, -high_pos, -low_pos))
+
+        user_deltas = {
+            user_id: {"total_events": new_events, "total_event_bytes": new_bytes}
+            for user_id, new_events, new_bytes in txn
+            if self.hs.is_mine_id(user_id)
+        }
+
+        return room_deltas, user_deltas
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def _calculate_and_set_initial_state_for_room(self, room_id):
+        """Calculate and insert an entry into room_stats_current.
+
+        Args:
+            room_id (str)
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred[tuple[dict, dict, int]]: A tuple of room state, membership
+            counts and stream position.
+        """
+
+        def _fetch_current_state_stats(txn):
+            pos = self.get_room_max_stream_ordering()
+
+            rows = self._simple_select_many_txn(
+                txn,
+                table="current_state_events",
+                column="type",
+                iterable=[
+                    EventTypes.Create,
+                    EventTypes.JoinRules,
+                    EventTypes.RoomHistoryVisibility,
+                    EventTypes.Encryption,
+                    EventTypes.Name,
+                    EventTypes.Topic,
+                    EventTypes.RoomAvatar,
+                    EventTypes.CanonicalAlias,
+                ],
+                keyvalues={"room_id": room_id, "state_key": ""},
+                retcols=["event_id"],
+            )
+
+            event_ids = [row["event_id"] for row in rows]
+
+            txn.execute(
+                """
+                    SELECT membership, count(*) FROM current_state_events
+                    WHERE room_id = ? AND type = 'm.room.member'
+                    GROUP BY membership
+                """,
+                (room_id,),
+            )
+            membership_counts = {membership: cnt for membership, cnt in txn}
+
+            txn.execute(
+                """
+                    SELECT COALESCE(count(*), 0) FROM current_state_events
+                    WHERE room_id = ?
+                """,
+                (room_id,),
+            )
+
+            current_state_events_count, = txn.fetchone()
+
+            users_in_room = self.get_users_in_room_txn(txn, room_id)
+
+            return (
+                event_ids,
+                membership_counts,
+                current_state_events_count,
+                users_in_room,
+                pos,
+            )
+
+        (
+            event_ids,
+            membership_counts,
+            current_state_events_count,
+            users_in_room,
+            pos,
+        ) = yield self.runInteraction(
+            "get_initial_state_for_room", _fetch_current_state_stats
+        )
+
+        state_event_map = yield self.get_events(event_ids, get_prev_content=False)
+
+        room_state = {
+            "join_rules": None,
+            "history_visibility": None,
+            "encryption": None,
+            "name": None,
+            "topic": None,
+            "avatar": None,
+            "canonical_alias": None,
+            "is_federatable": True,
+        }
+
+        for event in state_event_map.values():
+            if event.type == EventTypes.JoinRules:
+                room_state["join_rules"] = event.content.get("join_rule")
+            elif event.type == EventTypes.RoomHistoryVisibility:
+                room_state["history_visibility"] = event.content.get(
+                    "history_visibility"
                 )
-                txn.execute(sql, (value, stats_id, current_ts))
+            elif event.type == EventTypes.Encryption:
+                room_state["encryption"] = event.content.get("algorithm")
+            elif event.type == EventTypes.Name:
+                room_state["name"] = event.content.get("name")
+            elif event.type == EventTypes.Topic:
+                room_state["topic"] = event.content.get("topic")
+            elif event.type == EventTypes.RoomAvatar:
+                room_state["avatar"] = event.content.get("url")
+            elif event.type == EventTypes.CanonicalAlias:
+                room_state["canonical_alias"] = event.content.get("alias")
+            elif event.type == EventTypes.Create:
+                room_state["is_federatable"] = event.content.get("m.federate", True)
+
+        yield self.update_room_state(room_id, room_state)
+
+        local_users_in_room = [u for u in users_in_room if self.hs.is_mine_id(u)]
+
+        yield self.update_stats_delta(
+            ts=self.clock.time_msec(),
+            stats_type="room",
+            stats_id=room_id,
+            fields={},
+            complete_with_stream_id=pos,
+            absolute_field_overrides={
+                "current_state_events": current_state_events_count,
+                "joined_members": membership_counts.get(Membership.JOIN, 0),
+                "invited_members": membership_counts.get(Membership.INVITE, 0),
+                "left_members": membership_counts.get(Membership.LEAVE, 0),
+                "banned_members": membership_counts.get(Membership.BAN, 0),
+                "local_users_in_room": len(local_users_in_room),
+            },
+        )
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def _calculate_and_set_initial_state_for_user(self, user_id):
+        def _calculate_and_set_initial_state_for_user_txn(txn):
+            pos = self._get_max_stream_id_in_current_state_deltas_txn(txn)
 
-        return self.runInteraction("update_stats_delta", _update_stats_delta)
+            txn.execute(
+                """
+                SELECT COUNT(distinct room_id) FROM current_state_events
+                    WHERE type = 'm.room.member' AND state_key = ?
+                        AND membership = 'join'
+                """,
+                (user_id,),
+            )
+            count, = txn.fetchone()
+            return count, pos
+
+        joined_rooms, pos = yield self.runInteraction(
+            "calculate_and_set_initial_state_for_user",
+            _calculate_and_set_initial_state_for_user_txn,
+        )
+
+        yield self.update_stats_delta(
+            ts=self.clock.time_msec(),
+            stats_type="user",
+            stats_id=user_id,
+            fields={},
+            complete_with_stream_id=pos,
+            absolute_field_overrides={"joined_rooms": joined_rooms},
+        )
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_stats.py b/tests/handlers/test_stats.py
index a8b858eb4f..7569b6fab5 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_stats.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_stats.py
@@ -13,16 +13,17 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-from mock import Mock
-
-from twisted.internet import defer
-
-from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes, Membership
+from synapse import storage
 from synapse.rest import admin
 from synapse.rest.client.v1 import login, room
 
 from tests import unittest
 
+# The expected number of state events in a fresh public room.
+EXPT_NUM_STATE_EVTS_IN_FRESH_PUBLIC_ROOM = 5
+# The expected number of state events in a fresh private room.
+EXPT_NUM_STATE_EVTS_IN_FRESH_PRIVATE_ROOM = 6
+
 
 class StatsRoomTests(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
@@ -33,7 +34,6 @@ class StatsRoomTests(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
     ]
 
     def prepare(self, reactor, clock, hs):
-
         self.store = hs.get_datastore()
         self.handler = self.hs.get_stats_handler()
 
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ class StatsRoomTests(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         self.get_success(
             self.store._simple_insert(
                 "background_updates",
-                {"update_name": "populate_stats_createtables", "progress_json": "{}"},
+                {"update_name": "populate_stats_prepare", "progress_json": "{}"},
             )
         )
         self.get_success(
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ class StatsRoomTests(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
                 {
                     "update_name": "populate_stats_process_rooms",
                     "progress_json": "{}",
-                    "depends_on": "populate_stats_createtables",
+                    "depends_on": "populate_stats_prepare",
                 },
             )
         )
@@ -64,18 +64,58 @@ class StatsRoomTests(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
             self.store._simple_insert(
                 "background_updates",
                 {
-                    "update_name": "populate_stats_cleanup",
+                    "update_name": "populate_stats_process_users",
                     "progress_json": "{}",
                     "depends_on": "populate_stats_process_rooms",
                 },
             )
         )
+        self.get_success(
+            self.store._simple_insert(
+                "background_updates",
+                {
+                    "update_name": "populate_stats_cleanup",
+                    "progress_json": "{}",
+                    "depends_on": "populate_stats_process_users",
+                },
+            )
+        )
+
+    def get_all_room_state(self):
+        return self.store._simple_select_list(
+            "room_stats_state", None, retcols=("name", "topic", "canonical_alias")
+        )
+
+    def _get_current_stats(self, stats_type, stat_id):
+        table, id_col = storage.stats.TYPE_TO_TABLE[stats_type]
+
+        cols = list(storage.stats.ABSOLUTE_STATS_FIELDS[stats_type]) + list(
+            storage.stats.PER_SLICE_FIELDS[stats_type]
+        )
+
+        end_ts = self.store.quantise_stats_time(self.reactor.seconds() * 1000)
+
+        return self.get_success(
+            self.store._simple_select_one(
+                table + "_historical",
+                {id_col: stat_id, end_ts: end_ts},
+                cols,
+                allow_none=True,
+            )
+        )
+
+    def _perform_background_initial_update(self):
+        # Do the initial population of the stats via the background update
+        self._add_background_updates()
+
+        while not self.get_success(self.store.has_completed_background_updates()):
+            self.get_success(self.store.do_next_background_update(100), by=0.1)
 
     def test_initial_room(self):
         """
         The background updates will build the table from scratch.
         """
-        r = self.get_success(self.store.get_all_room_state())
+        r = self.get_success(self.get_all_room_state())
         self.assertEqual(len(r), 0)
 
         # Disable stats
@@ -91,7 +131,7 @@ class StatsRoomTests(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         )
 
         # Stats disabled, shouldn't have done anything
-        r = self.get_success(self.store.get_all_room_state())
+        r = self.get_success(self.get_all_room_state())
         self.assertEqual(len(r), 0)
 
         # Enable stats
@@ -104,7 +144,7 @@ class StatsRoomTests(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         while not self.get_success(self.store.has_completed_background_updates()):
             self.get_success(self.store.do_next_background_update(100), by=0.1)
 
-        r = self.get_success(self.store.get_all_room_state())
+        r = self.get_success(self.get_all_room_state())
 
         self.assertEqual(len(r), 1)
         self.assertEqual(r[0]["topic"], "foo")
@@ -114,6 +154,7 @@ class StatsRoomTests(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         Ingestion via notify_new_event will ignore tokens that the background
         update have already processed.
         """
+
         self.reactor.advance(86401)
 
         self.hs.config.stats_enabled = False
@@ -138,12 +179,18 @@ class StatsRoomTests(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         self.hs.config.stats_enabled = True
         self.handler.stats_enabled = True
         self.store._all_done = False
-        self.get_success(self.store.update_stats_stream_pos(None))
+        self.get_success(
+            self.store._simple_update_one(
+                table="stats_incremental_position",
+                keyvalues={},
+                updatevalues={"stream_id": 0},
+            )
+        )
 
         self.get_success(
             self.store._simple_insert(
                 "background_updates",
-                {"update_name": "populate_stats_createtables", "progress_json": "{}"},
+                {"update_name": "populate_stats_prepare", "progress_json": "{}"},
             )
         )
 
@@ -154,6 +201,8 @@ class StatsRoomTests(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         self.helper.invite(room=room_1, src=u1, targ=u2, tok=u1_token)
         self.helper.join(room=room_1, user=u2, tok=u2_token)
 
+        # orig_delta_processor = self.store.
+
         # Now do the initial ingestion.
         self.get_success(
             self.store._simple_insert(
@@ -185,8 +234,15 @@ class StatsRoomTests(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         self.helper.invite(room=room_1, src=u1, targ=u3, tok=u1_token)
         self.helper.join(room=room_1, user=u3, tok=u3_token)
 
-        # Get the deltas! There should be two -- day 1, and day 2.
-        r = self.get_success(self.store.get_deltas_for_room(room_1, 0))
+        # self.handler.notify_new_event()
+
+        # We need to let the delta processor advance…
+        self.pump(10 * 60)
+
+        # Get the slices! There should be two -- day 1, and day 2.
+        r = self.get_success(self.store.get_statistics_for_subject("room", room_1, 0))
+
+        self.assertEqual(len(r), 2)
 
         # The oldest has 2 joined members
         self.assertEqual(r[-1]["joined_members"], 2)
@@ -194,111 +250,476 @@ class StatsRoomTests(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         # The newest has 3
         self.assertEqual(r[0]["joined_members"], 3)
 
-    def test_incorrect_state_transition(self):
-        """
-        If the state transition is not one of (JOIN, INVITE, LEAVE, BAN) to
-        (JOIN, INVITE, LEAVE, BAN), an error is raised.
-        """
-        events = {
-            "a1": {"membership": Membership.LEAVE},
-            "a2": {"membership": "not a real thing"},
-        }
-
-        def get_event(event_id, allow_none=True):
-            m = Mock()
-            m.content = events[event_id]
-            d = defer.Deferred()
-            self.reactor.callLater(0.0, d.callback, m)
-            return d
-
-        def get_received_ts(event_id):
-            return defer.succeed(1)
-
-        self.store.get_received_ts = get_received_ts
-        self.store.get_event = get_event
-
-        deltas = [
-            {
-                "type": EventTypes.Member,
-                "state_key": "some_user",
-                "room_id": "room",
-                "event_id": "a1",
-                "prev_event_id": "a2",
-                "stream_id": 60,
-            }
-        ]
-
-        f = self.get_failure(self.handler._handle_deltas(deltas), ValueError)
+    def test_create_user(self):
+        """
+        When we create a user, it should have statistics already ready.
+        """
+
+        u1 = self.register_user("u1", "pass")
+
+        u1stats = self._get_current_stats("user", u1)
+
+        self.assertIsNotNone(u1stats)
+
+        # not in any rooms by default
+        self.assertEqual(u1stats["joined_rooms"], 0)
+
+    def test_create_room(self):
+        """
+        When we create a room, it should have statistics already ready.
+        """
+
+        self._perform_background_initial_update()
+
+        u1 = self.register_user("u1", "pass")
+        u1token = self.login("u1", "pass")
+        r1 = self.helper.create_room_as(u1, tok=u1token)
+        r1stats = self._get_current_stats("room", r1)
+        r2 = self.helper.create_room_as(u1, tok=u1token, is_public=False)
+        r2stats = self._get_current_stats("room", r2)
+
+        self.assertIsNotNone(r1stats)
+        self.assertIsNotNone(r2stats)
+
+        # contains the default things you'd expect in a fresh room
         self.assertEqual(
-            f.value.args[0], "'not a real thing' is not a valid prev_membership"
-        )
-
-        # And the other way...
-        deltas = [
-            {
-                "type": EventTypes.Member,
-                "state_key": "some_user",
-                "room_id": "room",
-                "event_id": "a2",
-                "prev_event_id": "a1",
-                "stream_id": 100,
-            }
-        ]
-
-        f = self.get_failure(self.handler._handle_deltas(deltas), ValueError)
+            r1stats["total_events"],
+            EXPT_NUM_STATE_EVTS_IN_FRESH_PUBLIC_ROOM,
+            "Wrong number of total_events in new room's stats!"
+            " You may need to update this if more state events are added to"
+            " the room creation process.",
+        )
         self.assertEqual(
-            f.value.args[0], "'not a real thing' is not a valid membership"
+            r2stats["total_events"],
+            EXPT_NUM_STATE_EVTS_IN_FRESH_PRIVATE_ROOM,
+            "Wrong number of total_events in new room's stats!"
+            " You may need to update this if more state events are added to"
+            " the room creation process.",
         )
 
-    def test_redacted_prev_event(self):
+        self.assertEqual(
+            r1stats["current_state_events"], EXPT_NUM_STATE_EVTS_IN_FRESH_PUBLIC_ROOM
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            r2stats["current_state_events"], EXPT_NUM_STATE_EVTS_IN_FRESH_PRIVATE_ROOM
+        )
+
+        self.assertEqual(r1stats["joined_members"], 1)
+        self.assertEqual(r1stats["invited_members"], 0)
+        self.assertEqual(r1stats["banned_members"], 0)
+
+        self.assertEqual(r2stats["joined_members"], 1)
+        self.assertEqual(r2stats["invited_members"], 0)
+        self.assertEqual(r2stats["banned_members"], 0)
+
+    def test_send_message_increments_total_events(self):
         """
-        If the prev_event does not exist, then it is assumed to be a LEAVE.
+        When we send a message, it increments total_events.
         """
+
+        self._perform_background_initial_update()
+
         u1 = self.register_user("u1", "pass")
-        u1_token = self.login("u1", "pass")
+        u1token = self.login("u1", "pass")
+        r1 = self.helper.create_room_as(u1, tok=u1token)
+        r1stats_ante = self._get_current_stats("room", r1)
 
-        room_1 = self.helper.create_room_as(u1, tok=u1_token)
+        self.helper.send(r1, "hiss", tok=u1token)
 
-        # Do the initial population of the user directory via the background update
-        self._add_background_updates()
+        r1stats_post = self._get_current_stats("room", r1)
+
+        self.assertEqual(r1stats_post["total_events"] - r1stats_ante["total_events"], 1)
+
+    def test_send_state_event_nonoverwriting(self):
+        """
+        When we send a non-overwriting state event, it increments total_events AND current_state_events
+        """
+
+        self._perform_background_initial_update()
+
+        u1 = self.register_user("u1", "pass")
+        u1token = self.login("u1", "pass")
+        r1 = self.helper.create_room_as(u1, tok=u1token)
+
+        self.helper.send_state(
+            r1, "cat.hissing", {"value": True}, tok=u1token, state_key="tabby"
+        )
+
+        r1stats_ante = self._get_current_stats("room", r1)
+
+        self.helper.send_state(
+            r1, "cat.hissing", {"value": False}, tok=u1token, state_key="moggy"
+        )
+
+        r1stats_post = self._get_current_stats("room", r1)
+
+        self.assertEqual(r1stats_post["total_events"] - r1stats_ante["total_events"], 1)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            r1stats_post["current_state_events"] - r1stats_ante["current_state_events"],
+            1,
+        )
+
+    def test_send_state_event_overwriting(self):
+        """
+        When we send an overwriting state event, it increments total_events ONLY
+        """
+
+        self._perform_background_initial_update()
+
+        u1 = self.register_user("u1", "pass")
+        u1token = self.login("u1", "pass")
+        r1 = self.helper.create_room_as(u1, tok=u1token)
+
+        self.helper.send_state(
+            r1, "cat.hissing", {"value": True}, tok=u1token, state_key="tabby"
+        )
+
+        r1stats_ante = self._get_current_stats("room", r1)
+
+        self.helper.send_state(
+            r1, "cat.hissing", {"value": False}, tok=u1token, state_key="tabby"
+        )
+
+        r1stats_post = self._get_current_stats("room", r1)
+
+        self.assertEqual(r1stats_post["total_events"] - r1stats_ante["total_events"], 1)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            r1stats_post["current_state_events"] - r1stats_ante["current_state_events"],
+            0,
+        )
+
+    def test_join_first_time(self):
+        """
+        When a user joins a room for the first time, total_events, current_state_events and
+        joined_members should increase by exactly 1.
+        """
+
+        self._perform_background_initial_update()
+
+        u1 = self.register_user("u1", "pass")
+        u1token = self.login("u1", "pass")
+        r1 = self.helper.create_room_as(u1, tok=u1token)
+
+        u2 = self.register_user("u2", "pass")
+        u2token = self.login("u2", "pass")
+
+        r1stats_ante = self._get_current_stats("room", r1)
+
+        self.helper.join(r1, u2, tok=u2token)
+
+        r1stats_post = self._get_current_stats("room", r1)
+
+        self.assertEqual(r1stats_post["total_events"] - r1stats_ante["total_events"], 1)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            r1stats_post["current_state_events"] - r1stats_ante["current_state_events"],
+            1,
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            r1stats_post["joined_members"] - r1stats_ante["joined_members"], 1
+        )
+
+    def test_join_after_leave(self):
+        """
+        When a user joins a room after being previously left, total_events and
+        joined_members should increase by exactly 1.
+        current_state_events should not increase.
+        left_members should decrease by exactly 1.
+        """
+
+        self._perform_background_initial_update()
+
+        u1 = self.register_user("u1", "pass")
+        u1token = self.login("u1", "pass")
+        r1 = self.helper.create_room_as(u1, tok=u1token)
+
+        u2 = self.register_user("u2", "pass")
+        u2token = self.login("u2", "pass")
+
+        self.helper.join(r1, u2, tok=u2token)
+        self.helper.leave(r1, u2, tok=u2token)
+
+        r1stats_ante = self._get_current_stats("room", r1)
+
+        self.helper.join(r1, u2, tok=u2token)
+
+        r1stats_post = self._get_current_stats("room", r1)
+
+        self.assertEqual(r1stats_post["total_events"] - r1stats_ante["total_events"], 1)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            r1stats_post["current_state_events"] - r1stats_ante["current_state_events"],
+            0,
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            r1stats_post["joined_members"] - r1stats_ante["joined_members"], +1
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            r1stats_post["left_members"] - r1stats_ante["left_members"], -1
+        )
+
+    def test_invited(self):
+        """
+        When a user invites another user, current_state_events, total_events and
+        invited_members should increase by exactly 1.
+        """
+
+        self._perform_background_initial_update()
+
+        u1 = self.register_user("u1", "pass")
+        u1token = self.login("u1", "pass")
+        r1 = self.helper.create_room_as(u1, tok=u1token)
+
+        u2 = self.register_user("u2", "pass")
+
+        r1stats_ante = self._get_current_stats("room", r1)
+
+        self.helper.invite(r1, u1, u2, tok=u1token)
+
+        r1stats_post = self._get_current_stats("room", r1)
+
+        self.assertEqual(r1stats_post["total_events"] - r1stats_ante["total_events"], 1)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            r1stats_post["current_state_events"] - r1stats_ante["current_state_events"],
+            1,
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            r1stats_post["invited_members"] - r1stats_ante["invited_members"], +1
+        )
+
+    def test_join_after_invite(self):
+        """
+        When a user joins a room after being invited, total_events and
+        joined_members should increase by exactly 1.
+        current_state_events should not increase.
+        invited_members should decrease by exactly 1.
+        """
+
+        self._perform_background_initial_update()
+
+        u1 = self.register_user("u1", "pass")
+        u1token = self.login("u1", "pass")
+        r1 = self.helper.create_room_as(u1, tok=u1token)
+
+        u2 = self.register_user("u2", "pass")
+        u2token = self.login("u2", "pass")
+
+        self.helper.invite(r1, u1, u2, tok=u1token)
+
+        r1stats_ante = self._get_current_stats("room", r1)
+
+        self.helper.join(r1, u2, tok=u2token)
+
+        r1stats_post = self._get_current_stats("room", r1)
+
+        self.assertEqual(r1stats_post["total_events"] - r1stats_ante["total_events"], 1)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            r1stats_post["current_state_events"] - r1stats_ante["current_state_events"],
+            0,
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            r1stats_post["joined_members"] - r1stats_ante["joined_members"], +1
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            r1stats_post["invited_members"] - r1stats_ante["invited_members"], -1
+        )
+
+    def test_left(self):
+        """
+        When a user leaves a room after joining, total_events and
+        left_members should increase by exactly 1.
+        current_state_events should not increase.
+        joined_members should decrease by exactly 1.
+        """
+
+        self._perform_background_initial_update()
+
+        u1 = self.register_user("u1", "pass")
+        u1token = self.login("u1", "pass")
+        r1 = self.helper.create_room_as(u1, tok=u1token)
+
+        u2 = self.register_user("u2", "pass")
+        u2token = self.login("u2", "pass")
+
+        self.helper.join(r1, u2, tok=u2token)
+
+        r1stats_ante = self._get_current_stats("room", r1)
+
+        self.helper.leave(r1, u2, tok=u2token)
+
+        r1stats_post = self._get_current_stats("room", r1)
+
+        self.assertEqual(r1stats_post["total_events"] - r1stats_ante["total_events"], 1)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            r1stats_post["current_state_events"] - r1stats_ante["current_state_events"],
+            0,
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            r1stats_post["left_members"] - r1stats_ante["left_members"], +1
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            r1stats_post["joined_members"] - r1stats_ante["joined_members"], -1
+        )
+
+    def test_banned(self):
+        """
+        When a user is banned from a room after joining, total_events and
+        left_members should increase by exactly 1.
+        current_state_events should not increase.
+        banned_members should decrease by exactly 1.
+        """
+
+        self._perform_background_initial_update()
+
+        u1 = self.register_user("u1", "pass")
+        u1token = self.login("u1", "pass")
+        r1 = self.helper.create_room_as(u1, tok=u1token)
+
+        u2 = self.register_user("u2", "pass")
+        u2token = self.login("u2", "pass")
+
+        self.helper.join(r1, u2, tok=u2token)
+
+        r1stats_ante = self._get_current_stats("room", r1)
+
+        self.helper.change_membership(r1, u1, u2, "ban", tok=u1token)
+
+        r1stats_post = self._get_current_stats("room", r1)
+
+        self.assertEqual(r1stats_post["total_events"] - r1stats_ante["total_events"], 1)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            r1stats_post["current_state_events"] - r1stats_ante["current_state_events"],
+            0,
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            r1stats_post["banned_members"] - r1stats_ante["banned_members"], +1
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            r1stats_post["joined_members"] - r1stats_ante["joined_members"], -1
+        )
+
+    def test_initial_background_update(self):
+        """
+        Test that statistics can be generated by the initial background update
+        handler.
+
+        This test also tests that stats rows are not created for new subjects
+        when stats are disabled. However, it may be desirable to change this
+        behaviour eventually to still keep current rows.
+        """
+
+        self.hs.config.stats_enabled = False
+
+        u1 = self.register_user("u1", "pass")
+        u1token = self.login("u1", "pass")
+        r1 = self.helper.create_room_as(u1, tok=u1token)
+
+        # test that these subjects, which were created during a time of disabled
+        # stats, do not have stats.
+        self.assertIsNone(self._get_current_stats("room", r1))
+        self.assertIsNone(self._get_current_stats("user", u1))
+
+        self.hs.config.stats_enabled = True
+
+        self._perform_background_initial_update()
+
+        r1stats = self._get_current_stats("room", r1)
+        u1stats = self._get_current_stats("user", u1)
+
+        self.assertEqual(r1stats["joined_members"], 1)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            r1stats["current_state_events"], EXPT_NUM_STATE_EVTS_IN_FRESH_PUBLIC_ROOM
+        )
+
+        self.assertEqual(u1stats["joined_rooms"], 1)
+
+    def test_incomplete_stats(self):
+        """
+        This tests that we track incomplete statistics.
+
+        We first test that incomplete stats are incrementally generated,
+        following the preparation of a background regen.
+
+        We then test that these incomplete rows are completed by the background
+        regen.
+        """
+
+        u1 = self.register_user("u1", "pass")
+        u1token = self.login("u1", "pass")
+        u2 = self.register_user("u2", "pass")
+        u2token = self.login("u2", "pass")
+        u3 = self.register_user("u3", "pass")
+        r1 = self.helper.create_room_as(u1, tok=u1token, is_public=False)
+
+        # preparation stage of the initial background update
+        # Ugh, have to reset this flag
+        self.store._all_done = False
+
+        self.get_success(
+            self.store._simple_delete(
+                "room_stats_current", {"1": 1}, "test_delete_stats"
+            )
+        )
+        self.get_success(
+            self.store._simple_delete(
+                "user_stats_current", {"1": 1}, "test_delete_stats"
+            )
+        )
+
+        self.helper.invite(r1, u1, u2, tok=u1token)
+        self.helper.join(r1, u2, tok=u2token)
+        self.helper.invite(r1, u1, u3, tok=u1token)
+        self.helper.send(r1, "thou shalt yield", tok=u1token)
+
+        # now do the background updates
+
+        self.store._all_done = False
+        self.get_success(
+            self.store._simple_insert(
+                "background_updates",
+                {
+                    "update_name": "populate_stats_process_rooms",
+                    "progress_json": "{}",
+                    "depends_on": "populate_stats_prepare",
+                },
+            )
+        )
+        self.get_success(
+            self.store._simple_insert(
+                "background_updates",
+                {
+                    "update_name": "populate_stats_process_users",
+                    "progress_json": "{}",
+                    "depends_on": "populate_stats_process_rooms",
+                },
+            )
+        )
+        self.get_success(
+            self.store._simple_insert(
+                "background_updates",
+                {
+                    "update_name": "populate_stats_cleanup",
+                    "progress_json": "{}",
+                    "depends_on": "populate_stats_process_users",
+                },
+            )
+        )
 
         while not self.get_success(self.store.has_completed_background_updates()):
             self.get_success(self.store.do_next_background_update(100), by=0.1)
 
-        events = {"a1": None, "a2": {"membership": Membership.JOIN}}
-
-        def get_event(event_id, allow_none=True):
-            if events.get(event_id):
-                m = Mock()
-                m.content = events[event_id]
-            else:
-                m = None
-            d = defer.Deferred()
-            self.reactor.callLater(0.0, d.callback, m)
-            return d
-
-        def get_received_ts(event_id):
-            return defer.succeed(1)
-
-        self.store.get_received_ts = get_received_ts
-        self.store.get_event = get_event
-
-        deltas = [
-            {
-                "type": EventTypes.Member,
-                "state_key": "some_user:test",
-                "room_id": room_1,
-                "event_id": "a2",
-                "prev_event_id": "a1",
-                "stream_id": 100,
-            }
-        ]
-
-        # Handle our fake deltas, which has a user going from LEAVE -> JOIN.
-        self.get_success(self.handler._handle_deltas(deltas))
-
-        # One delta, with two joined members -- the room creator, and our fake
-        # user.
-        r = self.get_success(self.store.get_deltas_for_room(room_1, 0))
-        self.assertEqual(len(r), 1)
-        self.assertEqual(r[0]["joined_members"], 2)
+        r1stats_complete = self._get_current_stats("room", r1)
+        u1stats_complete = self._get_current_stats("user", u1)
+        u2stats_complete = self._get_current_stats("user", u2)
+
+        # now we make our assertions
+
+        # check that _complete rows are complete and correct
+        self.assertEqual(r1stats_complete["joined_members"], 2)
+        self.assertEqual(r1stats_complete["invited_members"], 1)
+
+        self.assertEqual(
+            r1stats_complete["current_state_events"],
+            2 + EXPT_NUM_STATE_EVTS_IN_FRESH_PRIVATE_ROOM,
+        )
+
+        self.assertEqual(u1stats_complete["joined_rooms"], 1)
+        self.assertEqual(u2stats_complete["joined_rooms"], 1)
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/v1/utils.py b/tests/rest/client/v1/utils.py
index 9915367144..cdded88b7f 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/v1/utils.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/v1/utils.py
@@ -128,8 +128,12 @@ class RestHelper(object):
 
         return channel.json_body
 
-    def send_state(self, room_id, event_type, body, tok, expect_code=200):
-        path = "/_matrix/client/r0/rooms/%s/state/%s" % (room_id, event_type)
+    def send_state(self, room_id, event_type, body, tok, expect_code=200, state_key=""):
+        path = "/_matrix/client/r0/rooms/%s/state/%s/%s" % (
+            room_id,
+            event_type,
+            state_key,
+        )
         if tok:
             path = path + "?access_token=%s" % tok
 
-- 
cgit 1.5.1


From ac4746ac4bb4d9371c5a25e94ecccd83effb8b9a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Hubert Chathi <hubert@uhoreg.ca>
Date: Wed, 17 Jul 2019 22:11:31 -0400
Subject: allow uploading signatures of master key signed by devices

---
 synapse/handlers/e2e_keys.py         | 232 ++++++++++++++++++++++-------------
 synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/keys.py |   2 +-
 synapse/storage/end_to_end_keys.py   |   2 +-
 tests/handlers/test_e2e_keys.py      | 227 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 4 files changed, 378 insertions(+), 85 deletions(-)

(limited to 'tests/handlers')

diff --git a/synapse/handlers/e2e_keys.py b/synapse/handlers/e2e_keys.py
index 9747b517ff..1148803c1e 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/e2e_keys.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/e2e_keys.py
@@ -20,7 +20,9 @@ import logging
 from six import iteritems
 
 from canonicaljson import encode_canonical_json, json
+from signedjson.key import decode_verify_key_bytes
 from signedjson.sign import SignatureVerifyException, verify_signed_json
+from unpaddedbase64 import decode_base64
 
 from twisted.internet import defer
 
@@ -619,8 +621,11 @@ class E2eKeysHandler(object):
         """
         failures = {}
 
-        signature_list = []   # signatures to be stored
-        self_device_ids = []  # what devices have been updated, for notifying
+        # signatures to be stored.  Each item will be a tuple of
+        # (signing_key_id, target_user_id, target_device_id, signature)
+        signature_list = []
+        # what devices have been updated, for notifying
+        self_device_ids = []
 
         # split between checking signatures for own user and signatures for
         # other users, since we verify them with different keys
@@ -630,46 +635,107 @@ class E2eKeysHandler(object):
             self_device_ids = list(self_signatures.keys())
             try:
                 # get our self-signing key to verify the signatures
-                self_signing_key = yield self.store.get_e2e_cross_signing_key(
-                    user_id, "self_signing"
-                )
-                if self_signing_key is None:
-                    raise SynapseError(
-                        404,
-                        "No self-signing key found",
-                        Codes.NOT_FOUND
+                self_signing_key, self_signing_key_id, self_signing_verify_key \
+                    = yield self._get_e2e_cross_signing_verify_key(
+                        user_id, "self_signing"
                     )
 
-                self_signing_key_id, self_signing_verify_key \
-                    = get_verify_key_from_cross_signing_key(self_signing_key)
+                # get our master key, since it may be signed
+                master_key, master_key_id, master_verify_key \
+                    = yield self._get_e2e_cross_signing_verify_key(
+                        user_id, "master"
+                    )
 
-                # fetch our stored devices so that we can compare with what was sent
-                user_devices = []
-                for device in self_signatures.keys():
-                    user_devices.append((user_id, device))
-                devices = yield self.store.get_e2e_device_keys(user_devices)
+                # fetch our stored devices.  This is used to 1. verify
+                # signatures on the master key, and 2. to can compare with what
+                # was sent if the device was signed
+                devices = yield self.store.get_e2e_device_keys([(user_id, None)])
 
                 if user_id not in devices:
                     raise SynapseError(
-                        404,
-                        "No device key found",
-                        Codes.NOT_FOUND
+                        404, "No device keys found", Codes.NOT_FOUND
                     )
 
                 devices = devices[user_id]
                 for device_id, device in self_signatures.items():
                     try:
                         if ("signatures" not in device or
-                                user_id not in device["signatures"] or
-                                self_signing_key_id not in device["signatures"][user_id]):
+                                user_id not in device["signatures"]):
+                            # no signature was sent
+                            raise SynapseError(
+                                400, "Invalid signature", Codes.INVALID_SIGNATURE
+                            )
+
+                        if device_id == master_verify_key.version:
+                            # we have master key signed by devices: for each
+                            # device that signed, check the signature.  Since
+                            # the "failures" property in the response only has
+                            # granularity up to the signed device, either all
+                            # of the signatures on the master key succeed, or
+                            # all fail.  So loop over the signatures and add
+                            # them to a separate signature list.  If everything
+                            # works out, then add them all to the main
+                            # signature list.  (In practice, we're likely to
+                            # only have only one signature anyways.)
+                            master_key_signature_list = []
+                            for signing_key_id, signature in device["signatures"][user_id].items():
+                                alg, signing_device_id = signing_key_id.split(":", 1)
+                                if (signing_device_id not in devices or
+                                        signing_key_id not in
+                                        devices[signing_device_id]["keys"]["keys"]):
+                                    # signed by an unknown device, or the
+                                    # device does not have the key
+                                    raise SynapseError(
+                                        400, "Invalid signature", Codes.INVALID_SIGNATURE
+                                    )
+
+                                sigs = device["signatures"]
+                                del device["signatures"]
+                                # use pop to avoid exception if key doesn't exist
+                                device.pop("unsigned", None)
+                                master_key.pop("signature", None)
+                                master_key.pop("unsigned", None)
+
+                                if master_key != device:
+                                    raise SynapseError(
+                                        400, "Key does not match"
+                                    )
+
+                                # get the key and check the signature
+                                pubkey = devices[signing_device_id]["keys"]["keys"][signing_key_id]
+                                verify_key = decode_verify_key_bytes(
+                                    signing_key_id, decode_base64(pubkey)
+                                )
+                                device["signatures"] = sigs
+                                try:
+                                    verify_signed_json(device, user_id, verify_key)
+                                except SignatureVerifyException:
+                                    raise SynapseError(
+                                        400, "Invalid signature", Codes.INVALID_SIGNATURE
+                                    )
+
+                                master_key_signature_list.append(
+                                    (signing_key_id, user_id, device_id, signature)
+                                )
+
+                            signature_list.extend(master_key_signature_list)
+                            continue
+
+                        # at this point, we have a device that should be signed
+                        # by the self-signing key
+                        if self_signing_key_id not in device["signatures"][user_id]:
                             # no signature was sent
                             raise SynapseError(
-                                400,
-                                "Invalid signature",
-                                Codes.INVALID_SIGNATURE
+                                400, "Invalid signature", Codes.INVALID_SIGNATURE
                             )
 
-                        stored_device = devices[device_id]["keys"]
+                        stored_device = None
+                        try:
+                            stored_device = devices[device_id]["keys"]
+                        except KeyError:
+                            raise SynapseError(
+                                404, "Unknown device", Codes.NOT_FOUND
+                            )
                         if self_signing_key_id in stored_device.get("signatures", {}) \
                                                                .get(user_id, {}):
                             # we already have a signature on this device, so we
@@ -698,69 +764,50 @@ class E2eKeysHandler(object):
             # if signatures isn't empty, then we have signatures for other
             # users.  These signatures will be signed by the user signing key
 
-            # get our user-signing key to verify the signatures
-            user_signing_key = yield self.store.get_e2e_cross_signing_key(
-                user_id, "user_signing"
-            )
-            if user_signing_key is None:
-                for user, devicemap in signatures.items():
-                    failures[user] = {
-                        device: _exception_to_failure(SynapseError(
-                            404,
-                            "No user-signing key found",
-                            Codes.NOT_FOUND
-                        ))
-                        for device in devicemap.keys()
-                    }
-            else:
-                user_signing_key_id, user_signing_verify_key \
-                    = get_verify_key_from_cross_signing_key(user_signing_key)
+            try:
+                # get our user-signing key to verify the signatures
+                user_signing_key, user_signing_key_id, user_signing_verify_key \
+                    = yield self._get_e2e_cross_signing_verify_key(
+                        user_id, "user_signing"
+                    )
 
                 for user, devicemap in signatures.items():
                     device_id = None
                     try:
                         # get the user's master key, to make sure it matches
                         # what was sent
-                        stored_key = yield self.store.get_e2e_cross_signing_key(
-                            user, "master", user_id
-                        )
-                        if stored_key is None:
-                            logger.error(
-                                "upload signature: no user key found for %s", user
-                            )
-                            raise SynapseError(
-                                404,
-                                "User's master key not found",
-                                Codes.NOT_FOUND
+                        stored_key, stored_key_id, _ \
+                            = yield self._get_e2e_cross_signing_verify_key(
+                                user, "master", user_id
                             )
 
                         # make sure that the user's master key is the one that
                         # was signed (and no others)
-                        device_id = get_verify_key_from_cross_signing_key(stored_key)[0] \
-                            .split(":", 1)[1]
+                        device_id = stored_key_id.split(":", 1)[1]
                         if device_id not in devicemap:
+                            # set device to None so that the failure gets
+                            # marked on all the signatures
+                            device_id = None
                             logger.error(
                                 "upload signature: wrong device: %s vs %s",
                                 device, devicemap
                             )
                             raise SynapseError(
-                                404,
-                                "Unknown device",
-                                Codes.NOT_FOUND
+                                404, "Unknown device", Codes.NOT_FOUND
                             )
-                        if len(devicemap) > 1:
+                        key = devicemap[device_id]
+                        del devicemap[device_id]
+                        if len(devicemap) > 0:
+                            # other devices were signed -- mark those as failures
                             logger.error("upload signature: too many devices specified")
+                            failure = _exception_to_failure(SynapseError(
+                                404, "Unknown device", Codes.NOT_FOUND
+                            ))
                             failures[user] = {
-                                device: _exception_to_failure(SynapseError(
-                                    404,
-                                    "Unknown device",
-                                    Codes.NOT_FOUND
-                                ))
+                                device: failure
                                 for device in devicemap.keys()
                             }
 
-                        key = devicemap[device_id]
-
                         if user_signing_key_id in stored_key.get("signatures", {}) \
                                                             .get(user_id, {}):
                             # we already have the signature, so we can skip it
@@ -770,25 +817,31 @@ class E2eKeysHandler(object):
                             user_id, user_signing_verify_key, key, stored_key
                         )
 
-                        signature = key["signatures"][user_id][user_signing_key_id]
-
                         signed_users.append(user)
+                        signature = key["signatures"][user_id][user_signing_key_id]
                         signature_list.append(
                             (user_signing_key_id, user, device_id, signature)
                         )
                     except SynapseError as e:
+                        failure = _exception_to_failure(e)
                         if device_id is None:
                             failures[user] = {
-                                device_id: _exception_to_failure(e)
+                                device_id: failure
                                 for device_id in devicemap.keys()
                             }
                         else:
-                            failures.setdefault(user, {})[device_id] \
-                                = _exception_to_failure(e)
+                            failures.setdefault(user, {})[device_id] = failure
+            except SynapseError as e:
+                failure = _exception_to_failure(e)
+                for user, devicemap in signature.items():
+                    failures[user] = {
+                        device_id: failure
+                        for device_id in devicemap.keys()
+                    }
 
         # store the signature, and send the appropriate notifications for sync
         logger.debug("upload signature failures: %r", failures)
-        yield self.store.store_e2e_device_signatures(user_id, signature_list)
+        yield self.store.store_e2e_cross_signing_signatures(user_id, signature_list)
 
         if len(self_device_ids):
             yield self.device_handler.notify_device_update(user_id, self_device_ids)
@@ -797,6 +850,22 @@ class E2eKeysHandler(object):
 
         defer.returnValue({"failures": failures})
 
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def _get_e2e_cross_signing_verify_key(self, user_id, key_type, from_user_id=None):
+        key = yield self.store.get_e2e_cross_signing_key(
+            user_id, key_type, from_user_id
+        )
+        if key is None:
+            logger.error("no %s key found for %s", key_type, user_id)
+            raise SynapseError(
+                404,
+                "No %s key found for %s" % (key_type, user_id),
+                Codes.NOT_FOUND
+            )
+        key_id, verify_key = get_verify_key_from_cross_signing_key(key)
+        return key, key_id, verify_key
+
+
 def _check_cross_signing_key(key, user_id, key_type, signing_key=None):
     """Check a cross-signing key uploaded by a user.  Performs some basic sanity
     checking, and ensures that it is signed, if a signature is required.
@@ -851,21 +920,17 @@ def _check_device_signature(user_id, verify_key, signed_device, stored_device):
 
     # make sure that the device submitted matches what we have stored
     del signed_device["signatures"]
-    if "unsigned" in signed_device:
-        del signed_device["unsigned"]
-    if "signatures" in stored_device:
-        del stored_device["signatures"]
-    if "unsigned" in stored_device:
-        del stored_device["unsigned"]
+    # use pop to avoid exception if key doesn't exist
+    signed_device.pop("unsigned", None)
+    stored_device.pop("signatures", None)
+    stored_device.pop("unsigned", None)
     if signed_device != stored_device:
         logger.error(
             "upload signatures: key does not match %s vs %s",
             signed_device, stored_device
         )
         raise SynapseError(
-            400,
-            "Key does not match",
-            "M_MISMATCHED_KEY"
+            400, "Key does not match",
         )
 
     # check the signature
@@ -887,6 +952,9 @@ def _check_device_signature(user_id, verify_key, signed_device, stored_device):
 
 
 def _exception_to_failure(e):
+    if isinstance(e, SynapseError):
+        return {"status": e.code, "errcode": e.errcode, "message": str(e)}
+
     if isinstance(e, CodeMessageException):
         return {"status": e.code, "message": str(e)}
 
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/keys.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/keys.py
index 5c288d48b7..cb3c52cb8e 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/keys.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/keys.py
@@ -303,7 +303,7 @@ class SignaturesUploadServlet(RestServlet):
       }
     }
     """
-    PATTERNS = client_v2_patterns("/keys/signatures/upload$")
+    PATTERNS = client_patterns("/keys/signatures/upload$")
 
     def __init__(self, hs):
         """
diff --git a/synapse/storage/end_to_end_keys.py b/synapse/storage/end_to_end_keys.py
index fe786f3093..e68ce318af 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/end_to_end_keys.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/end_to_end_keys.py
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ class EndToEndKeyWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         # get signatures on the device
         signature_sql = (
             "SELECT * "
-            "  FROM e2e_device_signatures "
+            "  FROM e2e_cross_signing_signatures "
             " WHERE %s"
         ) % (
             " OR ".join("(" + q + ")" for q in signature_query_clauses)
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_e2e_keys.py b/tests/handlers/test_e2e_keys.py
index a62c52eefa..b1d3a4cfae 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_e2e_keys.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_e2e_keys.py
@@ -17,9 +17,10 @@
 
 import mock
 
+import signedjson.key as key
+import signedjson.sign as sign
 from twisted.internet import defer
 
-import synapse.api.errors
 import synapse.handlers.e2e_keys
 import synapse.storage
 from synapse.api import errors
@@ -210,3 +211,227 @@ class E2eKeysHandlerTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
         res = yield self.handler.query_local_devices({local_user: None})
         self.assertDictEqual(res, {local_user: {}})
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def test_upload_signatures(self):
+        """should check signatures that are uploaded"""
+        # set up a user with cross-signing keys and a device.  This user will
+        # try uploading signatures
+        local_user = "@boris:" + self.hs.hostname
+        device_id = "xyz"
+        # private key: OMkooTr76ega06xNvXIGPbgvvxAOzmQncN8VObS7aBA
+        device_pubkey = "NnHhnqiMFQkq969szYkooLaBAXW244ZOxgukCvm2ZeY"
+        device_key = {
+            "user_id": local_user,
+            "device_id": device_id,
+            "algorithms": ["m.olm.curve25519-aes-sha256", "m.megolm.v1.aes-sha"],
+            "keys": {
+                "curve25519:xyz": "curve25519+key",
+                "ed25519:xyz": device_pubkey
+            },
+            "signatures": {
+                local_user: {
+                    "ed25519:xyz": "something"
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        device_signing_key = key.decode_signing_key_base64(
+            "ed25519",
+            "xyz",
+            "OMkooTr76ega06xNvXIGPbgvvxAOzmQncN8VObS7aBA"
+        )
+
+        yield self.handler.upload_keys_for_user(
+            local_user, device_id, {"device_keys": device_key}
+        )
+
+        # private key: 2lonYOM6xYKdEsO+6KrC766xBcHnYnim1x/4LFGF8B0
+        master_pubkey = "nqOvzeuGWT/sRx3h7+MHoInYj3Uk2LD/unI9kDYcHwk"
+        master_key = {
+            "user_id": local_user,
+            "usage": ["master"],
+            "keys": {
+                "ed25519:" + master_pubkey: master_pubkey
+            }
+        }
+        master_signing_key = key.decode_signing_key_base64(
+            "ed25519", master_pubkey,
+            "2lonYOM6xYKdEsO+6KrC766xBcHnYnim1x/4LFGF8B0"
+        )
+        usersigning_pubkey = "Hq6gL+utB4ET+UvD5ci0kgAwsX6qP/zvf8v6OInU5iw"
+        usersigning_key = {
+            # private key: 4TL4AjRYwDVwD3pqQzcor+ez/euOB1/q78aTJ+czDNs
+            "user_id": local_user,
+            "usage": ["user_signing"],
+            "keys": {
+                "ed25519:" + usersigning_pubkey: usersigning_pubkey,
+            }
+        }
+        usersigning_signing_key = key.decode_signing_key_base64(
+            "ed25519", usersigning_pubkey,
+            "4TL4AjRYwDVwD3pqQzcor+ez/euOB1/q78aTJ+czDNs"
+        )
+        sign.sign_json(usersigning_key, local_user, master_signing_key)
+        # private key: HvQBbU+hc2Zr+JP1sE0XwBe1pfZZEYtJNPJLZJtS+F8
+        selfsigning_pubkey = "EmkqvokUn8p+vQAGZitOk4PWjp7Ukp3txV2TbMPEiBQ"
+        selfsigning_key = {
+            "user_id": local_user,
+            "usage": ["self_signing"],
+            "keys": {
+                "ed25519:" + selfsigning_pubkey: selfsigning_pubkey,
+            }
+        }
+        selfsigning_signing_key = key.decode_signing_key_base64(
+            "ed25519", selfsigning_pubkey,
+            "HvQBbU+hc2Zr+JP1sE0XwBe1pfZZEYtJNPJLZJtS+F8"
+        )
+        sign.sign_json(selfsigning_key, local_user, master_signing_key)
+        cross_signing_keys = {
+            "master_key": master_key,
+            "user_signing_key": usersigning_key,
+            "self_signing_key": selfsigning_key,
+        }
+        yield self.handler.upload_signing_keys_for_user(local_user, cross_signing_keys)
+
+        # set up another user with a master key.  This user will be signed by
+        # the first user
+        other_user = "@otherboris:" + self.hs.hostname
+        other_master_pubkey = "fHZ3NPiKxoLQm5OoZbKa99SYxprOjNs4TwJUKP+twCM"
+        other_master_key = {
+            # private key: oyw2ZUx0O4GifbfFYM0nQvj9CL0b8B7cyN4FprtK8OI
+            "user_id": other_user,
+            "usage": ["master"],
+            "keys": {
+                "ed25519:" + other_master_pubkey: other_master_pubkey
+            }
+        }
+        yield self.handler.upload_signing_keys_for_user(other_user, {
+            "master_key": other_master_key
+        })
+
+        # test various signature failures (see below)
+        ret = yield self.handler.upload_signatures_for_device_keys(
+            local_user,
+            {
+                local_user: {
+                    # fails because the signature is invalid
+                    # should fail with INVALID_SIGNATURE
+                    device_id: {
+                        "user_id": local_user,
+                        "device_id": device_id,
+                        "algorithms": ["m.olm.curve25519-aes-sha256", "m.megolm.v1.aes-sha"],
+                        "keys": {
+                            "curve25519:xyz": "curve25519+key",
+                            # private key: OMkooTr76ega06xNvXIGPbgvvxAOzmQncN8VObS7aBA
+                            "ed25519:xyz": device_pubkey
+                        },
+                        "signatures": {
+                            local_user: {
+                                "ed25519:" + selfsigning_pubkey: "something",
+                            }
+                        }
+                    },
+                    # fails because device is unknown
+                    # should fail with NOT_FOUND
+                    "unknown": {
+                        "user_id": local_user,
+                        "device_id": "unknown",
+                        "signatures": {
+                            local_user: {
+                                "ed25519:" + selfsigning_pubkey: "something",
+                            }
+                        }
+                    },
+                    # fails because the signature is invalid
+                    # should fail with INVALID_SIGNATURE
+                    master_pubkey: {
+                        "user_id": local_user,
+                        "usage": ["master"],
+                        "keys": {
+                            "ed25519:" + master_pubkey: master_pubkey
+                        },
+                        "signatures": {
+                            local_user: {
+                                "ed25519:" + device_pubkey: "something",
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                },
+                other_user: {
+                    # fails because the device is not the user's master-signing key
+                    # should fail with NOT_FOUND
+                    "unknown": {
+                        "user_id": other_user,
+                        "device_id": "unknown",
+                        "signatures": {
+                            local_user: {
+                                "ed25519:" + usersigning_pubkey: "something",
+                            }
+                        }
+                    },
+                    other_master_pubkey: {
+                        # fails because the key doesn't match what the server has
+                        # should fail with UNKNOWN
+                        "user_id": other_user,
+                        "usage": ["master"],
+                        "keys": {
+                            "ed25519:" + other_master_pubkey: other_master_pubkey
+                        },
+                        "something": "random",
+                        "signatures": {
+                            local_user: {
+                                "ed25519:" + usersigning_pubkey: "something",
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        )
+
+        user_failures = ret["failures"][local_user]
+        self.assertEqual(user_failures[device_id]["errcode"], errors.Codes.INVALID_SIGNATURE)
+        self.assertEqual(user_failures[master_pubkey]["errcode"], errors.Codes.INVALID_SIGNATURE)
+        self.assertEqual(user_failures["unknown"]["errcode"], errors.Codes.NOT_FOUND)
+
+        other_user_failures = ret["failures"][other_user]
+        self.assertEqual(other_user_failures["unknown"]["errcode"], errors.Codes.NOT_FOUND)
+        self.assertEqual(other_user_failures[other_master_pubkey]["errcode"], errors.Codes.UNKNOWN)
+
+        # test successful signatures
+        del device_key["signatures"]
+        sign.sign_json(device_key, local_user, selfsigning_signing_key)
+        sign.sign_json(master_key, local_user, device_signing_key)
+        sign.sign_json(other_master_key, local_user, usersigning_signing_key)
+        ret = yield self.handler.upload_signatures_for_device_keys(
+            local_user,
+            {
+                local_user: {
+                    device_id: device_key,
+                    master_pubkey: master_key
+                },
+                other_user: {
+                    other_master_pubkey: other_master_key
+                }
+            }
+        )
+
+        self.assertEqual(ret["failures"], {})
+
+        # fetch the signed keys/devices and make sure that the signatures are there
+        ret = yield self.handler.query_devices(
+            {"device_keys": {local_user: [], other_user: []}},
+            0, local_user
+        )
+
+        self.assertEqual(
+            ret["device_keys"][local_user]["xyz"]["signatures"][local_user]["ed25519:" + selfsigning_pubkey],
+            device_key["signatures"][local_user]["ed25519:" + selfsigning_pubkey]
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            ret["master_keys"][local_user]["signatures"][local_user]["ed25519:" + device_id],
+            master_key["signatures"][local_user]["ed25519:" + device_id]
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            ret["master_keys"][other_user]["signatures"][local_user]["ed25519:" + usersigning_pubkey],
+            other_master_key["signatures"][local_user]["ed25519:" + usersigning_pubkey]
+        )
-- 
cgit 1.5.1


From 7d6c70fc7ad08b94b8b577c537953a8d9b568562 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Hubert Chathi <hubert@uhoreg.ca>
Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2019 12:52:39 -0400
Subject: make black happy

---
 synapse/handlers/e2e_keys.py         | 147 ++++++++++++++++-------------------
 synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/keys.py |   1 +
 synapse/storage/end_to_end_keys.py   |  24 +++---
 tests/handlers/test_e2e_keys.py      | 147 +++++++++++++++--------------------
 4 files changed, 141 insertions(+), 178 deletions(-)

(limited to 'tests/handlers')

diff --git a/synapse/handlers/e2e_keys.py b/synapse/handlers/e2e_keys.py
index 1148803c1e..74bceddc46 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/e2e_keys.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/e2e_keys.py
@@ -635,16 +635,14 @@ class E2eKeysHandler(object):
             self_device_ids = list(self_signatures.keys())
             try:
                 # get our self-signing key to verify the signatures
-                self_signing_key, self_signing_key_id, self_signing_verify_key \
-                    = yield self._get_e2e_cross_signing_verify_key(
-                        user_id, "self_signing"
-                    )
+                self_signing_key, self_signing_key_id, self_signing_verify_key = yield self._get_e2e_cross_signing_verify_key(
+                    user_id, "self_signing"
+                )
 
                 # get our master key, since it may be signed
-                master_key, master_key_id, master_verify_key \
-                    = yield self._get_e2e_cross_signing_verify_key(
-                        user_id, "master"
-                    )
+                master_key, master_key_id, master_verify_key = yield self._get_e2e_cross_signing_verify_key(
+                    user_id, "master"
+                )
 
                 # fetch our stored devices.  This is used to 1. verify
                 # signatures on the master key, and 2. to can compare with what
@@ -652,15 +650,15 @@ class E2eKeysHandler(object):
                 devices = yield self.store.get_e2e_device_keys([(user_id, None)])
 
                 if user_id not in devices:
-                    raise SynapseError(
-                        404, "No device keys found", Codes.NOT_FOUND
-                    )
+                    raise SynapseError(404, "No device keys found", Codes.NOT_FOUND)
 
                 devices = devices[user_id]
                 for device_id, device in self_signatures.items():
                     try:
-                        if ("signatures" not in device or
-                                user_id not in device["signatures"]):
+                        if (
+                            "signatures" not in device
+                            or user_id not in device["signatures"]
+                        ):
                             # no signature was sent
                             raise SynapseError(
                                 400, "Invalid signature", Codes.INVALID_SIGNATURE
@@ -678,15 +676,21 @@ class E2eKeysHandler(object):
                             # signature list.  (In practice, we're likely to
                             # only have only one signature anyways.)
                             master_key_signature_list = []
-                            for signing_key_id, signature in device["signatures"][user_id].items():
+                            for signing_key_id, signature in device["signatures"][
+                                user_id
+                            ].items():
                                 alg, signing_device_id = signing_key_id.split(":", 1)
-                                if (signing_device_id not in devices or
-                                        signing_key_id not in
-                                        devices[signing_device_id]["keys"]["keys"]):
+                                if (
+                                    signing_device_id not in devices
+                                    or signing_key_id
+                                    not in devices[signing_device_id]["keys"]["keys"]
+                                ):
                                     # signed by an unknown device, or the
                                     # device does not have the key
                                     raise SynapseError(
-                                        400, "Invalid signature", Codes.INVALID_SIGNATURE
+                                        400,
+                                        "Invalid signature",
+                                        Codes.INVALID_SIGNATURE,
                                     )
 
                                 sigs = device["signatures"]
@@ -697,12 +701,12 @@ class E2eKeysHandler(object):
                                 master_key.pop("unsigned", None)
 
                                 if master_key != device:
-                                    raise SynapseError(
-                                        400, "Key does not match"
-                                    )
+                                    raise SynapseError(400, "Key does not match")
 
                                 # get the key and check the signature
-                                pubkey = devices[signing_device_id]["keys"]["keys"][signing_key_id]
+                                pubkey = devices[signing_device_id]["keys"]["keys"][
+                                    signing_key_id
+                                ]
                                 verify_key = decode_verify_key_bytes(
                                     signing_key_id, decode_base64(pubkey)
                                 )
@@ -711,7 +715,9 @@ class E2eKeysHandler(object):
                                     verify_signed_json(device, user_id, verify_key)
                                 except SignatureVerifyException:
                                     raise SynapseError(
-                                        400, "Invalid signature", Codes.INVALID_SIGNATURE
+                                        400,
+                                        "Invalid signature",
+                                        Codes.INVALID_SIGNATURE,
                                     )
 
                                 master_key_signature_list.append(
@@ -733,11 +739,10 @@ class E2eKeysHandler(object):
                         try:
                             stored_device = devices[device_id]["keys"]
                         except KeyError:
-                            raise SynapseError(
-                                404, "Unknown device", Codes.NOT_FOUND
-                            )
-                        if self_signing_key_id in stored_device.get("signatures", {}) \
-                                                               .get(user_id, {}):
+                            raise SynapseError(404, "Unknown device", Codes.NOT_FOUND)
+                        if self_signing_key_id in stored_device.get(
+                            "signatures", {}
+                        ).get(user_id, {}):
                             # we already have a signature on this device, so we
                             # can skip it, since it should be exactly the same
                             continue
@@ -751,8 +756,9 @@ class E2eKeysHandler(object):
                             (self_signing_key_id, user_id, device_id, signature)
                         )
                     except SynapseError as e:
-                        failures.setdefault(user_id, {})[device_id] \
-                            = _exception_to_failure(e)
+                        failures.setdefault(user_id, {})[
+                            device_id
+                        ] = _exception_to_failure(e)
             except SynapseError as e:
                 failures[user_id] = {
                     device: _exception_to_failure(e)
@@ -766,20 +772,18 @@ class E2eKeysHandler(object):
 
             try:
                 # get our user-signing key to verify the signatures
-                user_signing_key, user_signing_key_id, user_signing_verify_key \
-                    = yield self._get_e2e_cross_signing_verify_key(
-                        user_id, "user_signing"
-                    )
+                user_signing_key, user_signing_key_id, user_signing_verify_key = yield self._get_e2e_cross_signing_verify_key(
+                    user_id, "user_signing"
+                )
 
                 for user, devicemap in signatures.items():
                     device_id = None
                     try:
                         # get the user's master key, to make sure it matches
                         # what was sent
-                        stored_key, stored_key_id, _ \
-                            = yield self._get_e2e_cross_signing_verify_key(
-                                user, "master", user_id
-                            )
+                        stored_key, stored_key_id, _ = yield self._get_e2e_cross_signing_verify_key(
+                            user, "master", user_id
+                        )
 
                         # make sure that the user's master key is the one that
                         # was signed (and no others)
@@ -790,26 +794,25 @@ class E2eKeysHandler(object):
                             device_id = None
                             logger.error(
                                 "upload signature: wrong device: %s vs %s",
-                                device, devicemap
-                            )
-                            raise SynapseError(
-                                404, "Unknown device", Codes.NOT_FOUND
+                                device,
+                                devicemap,
                             )
+                            raise SynapseError(404, "Unknown device", Codes.NOT_FOUND)
                         key = devicemap[device_id]
                         del devicemap[device_id]
                         if len(devicemap) > 0:
                             # other devices were signed -- mark those as failures
                             logger.error("upload signature: too many devices specified")
-                            failure = _exception_to_failure(SynapseError(
-                                404, "Unknown device", Codes.NOT_FOUND
-                            ))
+                            failure = _exception_to_failure(
+                                SynapseError(404, "Unknown device", Codes.NOT_FOUND)
+                            )
                             failures[user] = {
-                                device: failure
-                                for device in devicemap.keys()
+                                device: failure for device in devicemap.keys()
                             }
 
-                        if user_signing_key_id in stored_key.get("signatures", {}) \
-                                                            .get(user_id, {}):
+                        if user_signing_key_id in stored_key.get("signatures", {}).get(
+                            user_id, {}
+                        ):
                             # we already have the signature, so we can skip it
                             continue
 
@@ -826,8 +829,7 @@ class E2eKeysHandler(object):
                         failure = _exception_to_failure(e)
                         if device_id is None:
                             failures[user] = {
-                                device_id: failure
-                                for device_id in devicemap.keys()
+                                device_id: failure for device_id in devicemap.keys()
                             }
                         else:
                             failures.setdefault(user, {})[device_id] = failure
@@ -835,8 +837,7 @@ class E2eKeysHandler(object):
                 failure = _exception_to_failure(e)
                 for user, devicemap in signature.items():
                     failures[user] = {
-                        device_id: failure
-                        for device_id in devicemap.keys()
+                        device_id: failure for device_id in devicemap.keys()
                     }
 
         # store the signature, and send the appropriate notifications for sync
@@ -846,7 +847,9 @@ class E2eKeysHandler(object):
         if len(self_device_ids):
             yield self.device_handler.notify_device_update(user_id, self_device_ids)
         if len(signed_users):
-            yield self.device_handler.notify_user_signature_update(user_id, signed_users)
+            yield self.device_handler.notify_user_signature_update(
+                user_id, signed_users
+            )
 
         defer.returnValue({"failures": failures})
 
@@ -858,9 +861,7 @@ class E2eKeysHandler(object):
         if key is None:
             logger.error("no %s key found for %s", key_type, user_id)
             raise SynapseError(
-                404,
-                "No %s key found for %s" % (key_type, user_id),
-                Codes.NOT_FOUND
+                404, "No %s key found for %s" % (key_type, user_id), Codes.NOT_FOUND
             )
         key_id, verify_key = get_verify_key_from_cross_signing_key(key)
         return key, key_id, verify_key
@@ -907,14 +908,13 @@ def _check_device_signature(user_id, verify_key, signed_device, stored_device):
     key_id = "%s:%s" % (verify_key.alg, verify_key.version)
 
     # make sure the device is signed
-    if ("signatures" not in signed_device or user_id not in signed_device["signatures"]
-            or key_id not in signed_device["signatures"][user_id]):
+    if (
+        "signatures" not in signed_device
+        or user_id not in signed_device["signatures"]
+        or key_id not in signed_device["signatures"][user_id]
+    ):
         logger.error("upload signature: user not found in signatures")
-        raise SynapseError(
-            400,
-            "Invalid signature",
-            Codes.INVALID_SIGNATURE
-        )
+        raise SynapseError(400, "Invalid signature", Codes.INVALID_SIGNATURE)
 
     signature = signed_device["signatures"][user_id][key_id]
 
@@ -927,28 +927,19 @@ def _check_device_signature(user_id, verify_key, signed_device, stored_device):
     if signed_device != stored_device:
         logger.error(
             "upload signatures: key does not match %s vs %s",
-            signed_device, stored_device
-        )
-        raise SynapseError(
-            400, "Key does not match",
+            signed_device,
+            stored_device,
         )
+        raise SynapseError(400, "Key does not match")
 
     # check the signature
-    signed_device["signatures"] = {
-        user_id: {
-            key_id: signature
-        }
-    }
+    signed_device["signatures"] = {user_id: {key_id: signature}}
 
     try:
         verify_signed_json(signed_device, user_id, verify_key)
     except SignatureVerifyException:
         logger.error("invalid signature on key")
-        raise SynapseError(
-            400,
-            "Invalid signature",
-            Codes.INVALID_SIGNATURE
-        )
+        raise SynapseError(400, "Invalid signature", Codes.INVALID_SIGNATURE)
 
 
 def _exception_to_failure(e):
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/keys.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/keys.py
index cb3c52cb8e..a205281830 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/keys.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/keys.py
@@ -303,6 +303,7 @@ class SignaturesUploadServlet(RestServlet):
       }
     }
     """
+
     PATTERNS = client_patterns("/keys/signatures/upload$")
 
     def __init__(self, hs):
diff --git a/synapse/storage/end_to_end_keys.py b/synapse/storage/end_to_end_keys.py
index e68ce318af..258e8dcb47 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/end_to_end_keys.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/end_to_end_keys.py
@@ -62,9 +62,9 @@ class EndToEndKeyWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 # add cross-signing signatures to the keys
                 if "signatures" in device_info:
                     for sig_user_id, sigs in device_info["signatures"].items():
-                        device_info["keys"].setdefault("signatures", {}) \
-                                           .setdefault(sig_user_id, {}) \
-                                           .update(sigs)
+                        device_info["keys"].setdefault("signatures", {}).setdefault(
+                            sig_user_id, {}
+                        ).update(sigs)
 
         return results
 
@@ -131,12 +131,8 @@ class EndToEndKeyWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
         # get signatures on the device
         signature_sql = (
-            "SELECT * "
-            "  FROM e2e_cross_signing_signatures "
-            " WHERE %s"
-        ) % (
-            " OR ".join("(" + q + ")" for q in signature_query_clauses)
-        )
+            "SELECT * " "  FROM e2e_cross_signing_signatures " " WHERE %s"
+        ) % (" OR ".join("(" + q + ")" for q in signature_query_clauses))
 
         txn.execute(signature_sql, signature_query_params)
         rows = self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
@@ -144,12 +140,10 @@ class EndToEndKeyWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         for row in rows:
             target_user_id = row["target_user_id"]
             target_device_id = row["target_device_id"]
-            if target_user_id in result \
-               and target_device_id in result[target_user_id]:
-                result[target_user_id][target_device_id] \
-                    .setdefault("signatures", {}) \
-                    .setdefault(row["user_id"], {})[row["key_id"]] \
-                    = row["signature"]
+            if target_user_id in result and target_device_id in result[target_user_id]:
+                result[target_user_id][target_device_id].setdefault(
+                    "signatures", {}
+                ).setdefault(row["user_id"], {})[row["key_id"]] = row["signature"]
 
         log_kv(result)
         return result
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_e2e_keys.py b/tests/handlers/test_e2e_keys.py
index b1d3a4cfae..8c0ee3f7d3 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_e2e_keys.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_e2e_keys.py
@@ -225,20 +225,11 @@ class E2eKeysHandlerTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             "user_id": local_user,
             "device_id": device_id,
             "algorithms": ["m.olm.curve25519-aes-sha256", "m.megolm.v1.aes-sha"],
-            "keys": {
-                "curve25519:xyz": "curve25519+key",
-                "ed25519:xyz": device_pubkey
-            },
-            "signatures": {
-                local_user: {
-                    "ed25519:xyz": "something"
-                }
-            }
+            "keys": {"curve25519:xyz": "curve25519+key", "ed25519:xyz": device_pubkey},
+            "signatures": {local_user: {"ed25519:xyz": "something"}},
         }
         device_signing_key = key.decode_signing_key_base64(
-            "ed25519",
-            "xyz",
-            "OMkooTr76ega06xNvXIGPbgvvxAOzmQncN8VObS7aBA"
+            "ed25519", "xyz", "OMkooTr76ega06xNvXIGPbgvvxAOzmQncN8VObS7aBA"
         )
 
         yield self.handler.upload_keys_for_user(
@@ -250,26 +241,20 @@ class E2eKeysHandlerTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         master_key = {
             "user_id": local_user,
             "usage": ["master"],
-            "keys": {
-                "ed25519:" + master_pubkey: master_pubkey
-            }
+            "keys": {"ed25519:" + master_pubkey: master_pubkey},
         }
         master_signing_key = key.decode_signing_key_base64(
-            "ed25519", master_pubkey,
-            "2lonYOM6xYKdEsO+6KrC766xBcHnYnim1x/4LFGF8B0"
+            "ed25519", master_pubkey, "2lonYOM6xYKdEsO+6KrC766xBcHnYnim1x/4LFGF8B0"
         )
         usersigning_pubkey = "Hq6gL+utB4ET+UvD5ci0kgAwsX6qP/zvf8v6OInU5iw"
         usersigning_key = {
             # private key: 4TL4AjRYwDVwD3pqQzcor+ez/euOB1/q78aTJ+czDNs
             "user_id": local_user,
             "usage": ["user_signing"],
-            "keys": {
-                "ed25519:" + usersigning_pubkey: usersigning_pubkey,
-            }
+            "keys": {"ed25519:" + usersigning_pubkey: usersigning_pubkey},
         }
         usersigning_signing_key = key.decode_signing_key_base64(
-            "ed25519", usersigning_pubkey,
-            "4TL4AjRYwDVwD3pqQzcor+ez/euOB1/q78aTJ+czDNs"
+            "ed25519", usersigning_pubkey, "4TL4AjRYwDVwD3pqQzcor+ez/euOB1/q78aTJ+czDNs"
         )
         sign.sign_json(usersigning_key, local_user, master_signing_key)
         # private key: HvQBbU+hc2Zr+JP1sE0XwBe1pfZZEYtJNPJLZJtS+F8
@@ -277,13 +262,10 @@ class E2eKeysHandlerTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         selfsigning_key = {
             "user_id": local_user,
             "usage": ["self_signing"],
-            "keys": {
-                "ed25519:" + selfsigning_pubkey: selfsigning_pubkey,
-            }
+            "keys": {"ed25519:" + selfsigning_pubkey: selfsigning_pubkey},
         }
         selfsigning_signing_key = key.decode_signing_key_base64(
-            "ed25519", selfsigning_pubkey,
-            "HvQBbU+hc2Zr+JP1sE0XwBe1pfZZEYtJNPJLZJtS+F8"
+            "ed25519", selfsigning_pubkey, "HvQBbU+hc2Zr+JP1sE0XwBe1pfZZEYtJNPJLZJtS+F8"
         )
         sign.sign_json(selfsigning_key, local_user, master_signing_key)
         cross_signing_keys = {
@@ -301,13 +283,11 @@ class E2eKeysHandlerTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             # private key: oyw2ZUx0O4GifbfFYM0nQvj9CL0b8B7cyN4FprtK8OI
             "user_id": other_user,
             "usage": ["master"],
-            "keys": {
-                "ed25519:" + other_master_pubkey: other_master_pubkey
-            }
+            "keys": {"ed25519:" + other_master_pubkey: other_master_pubkey},
         }
-        yield self.handler.upload_signing_keys_for_user(other_user, {
-            "master_key": other_master_key
-        })
+        yield self.handler.upload_signing_keys_for_user(
+            other_user, {"master_key": other_master_key}
+        )
 
         # test various signature failures (see below)
         ret = yield self.handler.upload_signatures_for_device_keys(
@@ -319,17 +299,18 @@ class E2eKeysHandlerTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
                     device_id: {
                         "user_id": local_user,
                         "device_id": device_id,
-                        "algorithms": ["m.olm.curve25519-aes-sha256", "m.megolm.v1.aes-sha"],
+                        "algorithms": [
+                            "m.olm.curve25519-aes-sha256",
+                            "m.megolm.v1.aes-sha",
+                        ],
                         "keys": {
                             "curve25519:xyz": "curve25519+key",
                             # private key: OMkooTr76ega06xNvXIGPbgvvxAOzmQncN8VObS7aBA
-                            "ed25519:xyz": device_pubkey
+                            "ed25519:xyz": device_pubkey,
                         },
                         "signatures": {
-                            local_user: {
-                                "ed25519:" + selfsigning_pubkey: "something",
-                            }
-                        }
+                            local_user: {"ed25519:" + selfsigning_pubkey: "something"}
+                        },
                     },
                     # fails because device is unknown
                     # should fail with NOT_FOUND
@@ -337,25 +318,19 @@ class E2eKeysHandlerTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
                         "user_id": local_user,
                         "device_id": "unknown",
                         "signatures": {
-                            local_user: {
-                                "ed25519:" + selfsigning_pubkey: "something",
-                            }
-                        }
+                            local_user: {"ed25519:" + selfsigning_pubkey: "something"}
+                        },
                     },
                     # fails because the signature is invalid
                     # should fail with INVALID_SIGNATURE
                     master_pubkey: {
                         "user_id": local_user,
                         "usage": ["master"],
-                        "keys": {
-                            "ed25519:" + master_pubkey: master_pubkey
-                        },
+                        "keys": {"ed25519:" + master_pubkey: master_pubkey},
                         "signatures": {
-                            local_user: {
-                                "ed25519:" + device_pubkey: "something",
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
+                            local_user: {"ed25519:" + device_pubkey: "something"}
+                        },
+                    },
                 },
                 other_user: {
                     # fails because the device is not the user's master-signing key
@@ -364,38 +339,40 @@ class E2eKeysHandlerTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
                         "user_id": other_user,
                         "device_id": "unknown",
                         "signatures": {
-                            local_user: {
-                                "ed25519:" + usersigning_pubkey: "something",
-                            }
-                        }
+                            local_user: {"ed25519:" + usersigning_pubkey: "something"}
+                        },
                     },
                     other_master_pubkey: {
                         # fails because the key doesn't match what the server has
                         # should fail with UNKNOWN
                         "user_id": other_user,
                         "usage": ["master"],
-                        "keys": {
-                            "ed25519:" + other_master_pubkey: other_master_pubkey
-                        },
+                        "keys": {"ed25519:" + other_master_pubkey: other_master_pubkey},
                         "something": "random",
                         "signatures": {
-                            local_user: {
-                                "ed25519:" + usersigning_pubkey: "something",
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
+                            local_user: {"ed25519:" + usersigning_pubkey: "something"}
+                        },
+                    },
+                },
+            },
         )
 
         user_failures = ret["failures"][local_user]
-        self.assertEqual(user_failures[device_id]["errcode"], errors.Codes.INVALID_SIGNATURE)
-        self.assertEqual(user_failures[master_pubkey]["errcode"], errors.Codes.INVALID_SIGNATURE)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            user_failures[device_id]["errcode"], errors.Codes.INVALID_SIGNATURE
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            user_failures[master_pubkey]["errcode"], errors.Codes.INVALID_SIGNATURE
+        )
         self.assertEqual(user_failures["unknown"]["errcode"], errors.Codes.NOT_FOUND)
 
         other_user_failures = ret["failures"][other_user]
-        self.assertEqual(other_user_failures["unknown"]["errcode"], errors.Codes.NOT_FOUND)
-        self.assertEqual(other_user_failures[other_master_pubkey]["errcode"], errors.Codes.UNKNOWN)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            other_user_failures["unknown"]["errcode"], errors.Codes.NOT_FOUND
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            other_user_failures[other_master_pubkey]["errcode"], errors.Codes.UNKNOWN
+        )
 
         # test successful signatures
         del device_key["signatures"]
@@ -405,33 +382,33 @@ class E2eKeysHandlerTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         ret = yield self.handler.upload_signatures_for_device_keys(
             local_user,
             {
-                local_user: {
-                    device_id: device_key,
-                    master_pubkey: master_key
-                },
-                other_user: {
-                    other_master_pubkey: other_master_key
-                }
-            }
+                local_user: {device_id: device_key, master_pubkey: master_key},
+                other_user: {other_master_pubkey: other_master_key},
+            },
         )
 
         self.assertEqual(ret["failures"], {})
 
         # fetch the signed keys/devices and make sure that the signatures are there
         ret = yield self.handler.query_devices(
-            {"device_keys": {local_user: [], other_user: []}},
-            0, local_user
+            {"device_keys": {local_user: [], other_user: []}}, 0, local_user
         )
 
         self.assertEqual(
-            ret["device_keys"][local_user]["xyz"]["signatures"][local_user]["ed25519:" + selfsigning_pubkey],
-            device_key["signatures"][local_user]["ed25519:" + selfsigning_pubkey]
+            ret["device_keys"][local_user]["xyz"]["signatures"][local_user][
+                "ed25519:" + selfsigning_pubkey
+            ],
+            device_key["signatures"][local_user]["ed25519:" + selfsigning_pubkey],
         )
         self.assertEqual(
-            ret["master_keys"][local_user]["signatures"][local_user]["ed25519:" + device_id],
-            master_key["signatures"][local_user]["ed25519:" + device_id]
+            ret["master_keys"][local_user]["signatures"][local_user][
+                "ed25519:" + device_id
+            ],
+            master_key["signatures"][local_user]["ed25519:" + device_id],
         )
         self.assertEqual(
-            ret["master_keys"][other_user]["signatures"][local_user]["ed25519:" + usersigning_pubkey],
-            other_master_key["signatures"][local_user]["ed25519:" + usersigning_pubkey]
+            ret["master_keys"][other_user]["signatures"][local_user][
+                "ed25519:" + usersigning_pubkey
+            ],
+            other_master_key["signatures"][local_user]["ed25519:" + usersigning_pubkey],
         )
-- 
cgit 1.5.1


From 9061b4198af4b30bb99d98aab7ad227f8ed636f8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Hubert Chathi <hubert@uhoreg.ca>
Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2019 12:58:04 -0400
Subject: make isort happy

---
 tests/handlers/test_e2e_keys.py | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

(limited to 'tests/handlers')

diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_e2e_keys.py b/tests/handlers/test_e2e_keys.py
index 8c0ee3f7d3..c900451e03 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_e2e_keys.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_e2e_keys.py
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ import mock
 
 import signedjson.key as key
 import signedjson.sign as sign
+
 from twisted.internet import defer
 
 import synapse.handlers.e2e_keys
-- 
cgit 1.5.1


From 5914fd09c725342d03f702a50ec1da6290e946a9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Hubert Chathi <hubert@uhoreg.ca>
Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2019 13:01:10 -0400
Subject: add test

---
 tests/handlers/test_e2e_keys.py | 88 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 88 insertions(+)

(limited to 'tests/handlers')

diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_e2e_keys.py b/tests/handlers/test_e2e_keys.py
index c900451e03..316dd6259d 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_e2e_keys.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_e2e_keys.py
@@ -183,6 +183,94 @@ class E2eKeysHandlerTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         )
         self.assertDictEqual(devices["master_keys"], {local_user: keys2["master_key"]})
 
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def test_reupload_signatures(self):
+        """re-uploading a signature should not fail"""
+        local_user = "@boris:" + self.hs.hostname
+        keys1 = {
+            "master_key": {
+                # private key: HvQBbU+hc2Zr+JP1sE0XwBe1pfZZEYtJNPJLZJtS+F8
+                "user_id": local_user,
+                "usage": ["master"],
+                "keys": {
+                    "ed25519:EmkqvokUn8p+vQAGZitOk4PWjp7Ukp3txV2TbMPEiBQ": "EmkqvokUn8p+vQAGZitOk4PWjp7Ukp3txV2TbMPEiBQ"
+                },
+            },
+            "self_signing_key": {
+                # private key: 2lonYOM6xYKdEsO+6KrC766xBcHnYnim1x/4LFGF8B0
+                "user_id": local_user,
+                "usage": ["self_signing"],
+                "keys": {
+                    "ed25519:nqOvzeuGWT/sRx3h7+MHoInYj3Uk2LD/unI9kDYcHwk": "nqOvzeuGWT/sRx3h7+MHoInYj3Uk2LD/unI9kDYcHwk"
+                },
+            },
+        }
+        master_signing_key = key.decode_signing_key_base64(
+            "ed25519",
+            "EmkqvokUn8p+vQAGZitOk4PWjp7Ukp3txV2TbMPEiBQ",
+            "HvQBbU+hc2Zr+JP1sE0XwBe1pfZZEYtJNPJLZJtS+F8",
+        )
+        sign.sign_json(keys1["self_signing_key"], local_user, master_signing_key)
+        signing_key = key.decode_signing_key_base64(
+            "ed25519",
+            "nqOvzeuGWT/sRx3h7+MHoInYj3Uk2LD/unI9kDYcHwk",
+            "2lonYOM6xYKdEsO+6KrC766xBcHnYnim1x/4LFGF8B0",
+        )
+        yield self.handler.upload_signing_keys_for_user(local_user, keys1)
+
+        # upload two device keys, which will be signed later by the self-signing key
+        device_key_1 = {
+            "user_id": local_user,
+            "device_id": "abc",
+            "algorithms": ["m.olm.curve25519-aes-sha256", "m.megolm.v1.aes-sha"],
+            "keys": {
+                "ed25519:abc": "base64+ed25519+key",
+                "curve25519:abc": "base64+curve25519+key",
+            },
+            "signatures": {local_user: {"ed25519:abc": "base64+signature"}},
+        }
+        device_key_2 = {
+            "user_id": local_user,
+            "device_id": "def",
+            "algorithms": ["m.olm.curve25519-aes-sha256", "m.megolm.v1.aes-sha"],
+            "keys": {
+                "ed25519:def": "base64+ed25519+key",
+                "curve25519:def": "base64+curve25519+key",
+            },
+            "signatures": {local_user: {"ed25519:def": "base64+signature"}},
+        }
+
+        yield self.handler.upload_keys_for_user(
+            local_user, "abc", {"device_keys": device_key_1}
+        )
+        yield self.handler.upload_keys_for_user(
+            local_user, "def", {"device_keys": device_key_2}
+        )
+
+        # sign the first device key and upload it
+        del device_key_1["signatures"]
+        sign.sign_json(device_key_1, local_user, signing_key)
+        yield self.handler.upload_signatures_for_device_keys(
+            local_user, {local_user: {"abc": device_key_1}}
+        )
+
+        # sign the second device key and upload both device keys.  The server
+        # should ignore the first device key since it already has a valid
+        # signature for it
+        del device_key_2["signatures"]
+        sign.sign_json(device_key_2, local_user, signing_key)
+        yield self.handler.upload_signatures_for_device_keys(
+            local_user, {local_user: {"abc": device_key_1, "def": device_key_2}}
+        )
+
+        device_key_1["signatures"][local_user]["ed25519:abc"] = "base64+signature"
+        device_key_2["signatures"][local_user]["ed25519:def"] = "base64+signature"
+        devices = yield self.handler.query_devices({"device_keys": {local_user: []}}, 0)
+        del devices["device_keys"][local_user]["abc"]["unsigned"]
+        del devices["device_keys"][local_user]["def"]["unsigned"]
+        self.assertDictEqual(devices["device_keys"][local_user]["abc"], device_key_1)
+        self.assertDictEqual(devices["device_keys"][local_user]["def"], device_key_2)
+
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_self_signing_key_doesnt_show_up_as_device(self):
         """signing keys should be hidden when fetching a user's devices"""
-- 
cgit 1.5.1


From e47af0f086839c5d22a0de87a32a49386abef8df Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Hubert Chathi <hubert@uhoreg.ca>
Date: Thu, 5 Sep 2019 17:03:14 -0400
Subject: fix test

---
 tests/handlers/test_e2e_keys.py | 4 +++-
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'tests/handlers')

diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_e2e_keys.py b/tests/handlers/test_e2e_keys.py
index 316dd6259d..7a59ec5085 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_e2e_keys.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_e2e_keys.py
@@ -265,7 +265,9 @@ class E2eKeysHandlerTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
         device_key_1["signatures"][local_user]["ed25519:abc"] = "base64+signature"
         device_key_2["signatures"][local_user]["ed25519:def"] = "base64+signature"
-        devices = yield self.handler.query_devices({"device_keys": {local_user: []}}, 0)
+        devices = yield self.handler.query_devices(
+            {"device_keys": {local_user: []}}, 0, 0
+        )
         del devices["device_keys"][local_user]["abc"]["unsigned"]
         del devices["device_keys"][local_user]["def"]["unsigned"]
         self.assertDictEqual(devices["device_keys"][local_user]["abc"], device_key_1)
-- 
cgit 1.5.1


From ab729e31cfca4d1a958937bb576010271b9c8044 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Hubert Chathi <hubert@uhoreg.ca>
Date: Fri, 6 Sep 2019 17:52:37 -0400
Subject: use something that's the right type for user_id

---
 tests/handlers/test_e2e_keys.py | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'tests/handlers')

diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_e2e_keys.py b/tests/handlers/test_e2e_keys.py
index 7a59ec5085..854eb6c024 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_e2e_keys.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_e2e_keys.py
@@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ class E2eKeysHandlerTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         device_key_1["signatures"][local_user]["ed25519:abc"] = "base64+signature"
         device_key_2["signatures"][local_user]["ed25519:def"] = "base64+signature"
         devices = yield self.handler.query_devices(
-            {"device_keys": {local_user: []}}, 0, 0
+            {"device_keys": {local_user: []}}, 0, local_user
         )
         del devices["device_keys"][local_user]["abc"]["unsigned"]
         del devices["device_keys"][local_user]["def"]["unsigned"]
-- 
cgit 1.5.1


From be618e055178f4aa9865ab426182218312bed07f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jason Robinson <jasonr@matrix.org>
Date: Mon, 9 Sep 2019 14:43:51 +0300
Subject: Only count real users when checking for auto-creation of auto-join
 room

Previously if the first registered user was a "support" or "bot" user,
when the first real user registers, the auto-join rooms were not
created.

Fix to exclude non-real (ie users with a special user type) users
when counting how many users there are to determine whether we should
auto-create a room.

Signed-off-by: Jason Robinson <jasonr@matrix.org>
---
 changelog.d/6004.bugfix         |  1 +
 synapse/handlers/register.py    | 12 ++++--------
 synapse/storage/registration.py | 39 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 tests/handlers/test_register.py | 29 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++--
 4 files changed, 71 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 changelog.d/6004.bugfix

(limited to 'tests/handlers')

diff --git a/changelog.d/6004.bugfix b/changelog.d/6004.bugfix
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..45c179c8fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/6004.bugfix
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Only count real users when checking for auto-creation of auto-join room.
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/register.py b/synapse/handlers/register.py
index 975da57ffd..06bd03b77c 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/register.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/register.py
@@ -275,16 +275,12 @@ class RegistrationHandler(BaseHandler):
         fake_requester = create_requester(user_id)
 
         # try to create the room if we're the first real user on the server. Note
-        # that an auto-generated support user is not a real user and will never be
+        # that an auto-generated support or bot user is not a real user and will never be
         # the user to create the room
         should_auto_create_rooms = False
-        is_support = yield self.store.is_support_user(user_id)
-        # There is an edge case where the first user is the support user, then
-        # the room is never created, though this seems unlikely and
-        # recoverable from given the support user being involved in the first
-        # place.
-        if self.hs.config.autocreate_auto_join_rooms and not is_support:
-            count = yield self.store.count_all_users()
+        is_real_user = yield self.store.is_real_user(user_id)
+        if self.hs.config.autocreate_auto_join_rooms and is_real_user:
+            count = yield self.store.count_real_users()
             should_auto_create_rooms = count == 1
         for r in self.hs.config.auto_join_rooms:
             logger.info("Auto-joining %s to %s", user_id, r)
diff --git a/synapse/storage/registration.py b/synapse/storage/registration.py
index 5138792a5f..b054d86ae0 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/registration.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/registration.py
@@ -322,6 +322,21 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
         return None
 
+    @cachedInlineCallbacks()
+    def is_real_user(self, user_id):
+        """Determines if the user is a real user, ie does not have a 'user_type'.
+
+        Args:
+            user_id (str): user id to test
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred[bool]: True if user 'user_type' is null or empty string
+        """
+        res = yield self.runInteraction(
+            "is_real_user", self.is_real_user_txn, user_id
+        )
+        return res
+
     @cachedInlineCallbacks()
     def is_support_user(self, user_id):
         """Determines if the user is of type UserTypes.SUPPORT
@@ -337,6 +352,16 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         )
         return res
 
+    def is_real_user_txn(self, txn, user_id):
+        res = self._simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
+            txn=txn,
+            table="users",
+            keyvalues={"name": user_id},
+            retcol="user_type",
+            allow_none=True,
+        )
+        return True if res is None or res == "" else False
+
     def is_support_user_txn(self, txn, user_id):
         res = self._simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
             txn=txn,
@@ -421,6 +446,20 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         ret = yield self.runInteraction("count_users", _count_users)
         return ret
 
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def count_real_users(self):
+        """Counts all users without a special user_type registered on the homeserver."""
+
+        def _count_users(txn):
+            txn.execute("SELECT COUNT(*) AS users FROM users where user_type is null or user_type = ''")
+            rows = self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
+            if rows:
+                return rows[0]["users"]
+            return 0
+
+        ret = yield self.runInteraction("count_real_users", _count_users)
+        return ret
+
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def find_next_generated_user_id_localpart(self):
         """
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_register.py b/tests/handlers/test_register.py
index e10296a5e4..1e9ba3a201 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_register.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_register.py
@@ -171,11 +171,11 @@ class RegistrationTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         rooms = self.get_success(self.store.get_rooms_for_user(user_id))
         self.assertEqual(len(rooms), 0)
 
-    def test_auto_create_auto_join_rooms_when_support_user_exists(self):
+    def test_auto_create_auto_join_rooms_when_user_is_not_a_real_user(self):
         room_alias_str = "#room:test"
         self.hs.config.auto_join_rooms = [room_alias_str]
 
-        self.store.is_support_user = Mock(return_value=True)
+        self.store.is_real_user = Mock(return_value=False)
         user_id = self.get_success(self.handler.register_user(localpart="support"))
         rooms = self.get_success(self.store.get_rooms_for_user(user_id))
         self.assertEqual(len(rooms), 0)
@@ -183,6 +183,31 @@ class RegistrationTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         room_alias = RoomAlias.from_string(room_alias_str)
         self.get_failure(directory_handler.get_association(room_alias), SynapseError)
 
+    def test_auto_create_auto_join_rooms_when_user_is_the_first_real_user(self):
+        room_alias_str = "#room:test"
+        self.hs.config.auto_join_rooms = [room_alias_str]
+
+        self.store.count_real_users = Mock(return_value=1)
+        self.store.is_real_user = Mock(return_value=True)
+        user_id = self.get_success(self.handler.register_user(localpart="real"))
+        rooms = self.get_success(self.store.get_rooms_for_user(user_id))
+        directory_handler = self.hs.get_handlers().directory_handler
+        room_alias = RoomAlias.from_string(room_alias_str)
+        room_id = self.get_success(directory_handler.get_association(room_alias))
+
+        self.assertTrue(room_id["room_id"] in rooms)
+        self.assertEqual(len(rooms), 1)
+
+    def test_auto_create_auto_join_rooms_when_user_is_not_the_first_real_user(self):
+        room_alias_str = "#room:test"
+        self.hs.config.auto_join_rooms = [room_alias_str]
+
+        self.store.count_real_users = Mock(return_value=2)
+        self.store.is_real_user = Mock(return_value=True)
+        user_id = self.get_success(self.handler.register_user(localpart="real"))
+        rooms = self.get_success(self.store.get_rooms_for_user(user_id))
+        self.assertEqual(len(rooms), 0)
+
     def test_auto_create_auto_join_where_no_consent(self):
         """Test to ensure that the first user is not auto-joined to a room if
         they have not given general consent.
-- 
cgit 1.5.1


From 1e19ce00bff8d67168d39201cdf9424f7b2f22f6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Richard van der Hoff <1389908+richvdh@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 17 Sep 2019 11:41:54 +0100
Subject: Add 'failure_ts' column to 'destinations' table (#6016)

Track the time that a server started failing at, for general analysis purposes.
---
 changelog.d/6016.misc                              |   1 +
 .../schema/delta/56/destinations_failure_ts.sql    |  25 ++++
 synapse/storage/transactions.py                    |  23 ++--
 synapse/util/retryutils.py                         |  16 ++-
 tests/handlers/test_typing.py                      |   7 +-
 tests/storage/test_transactions.py                 |   8 +-
 tests/util/test_retryutils.py                      | 127 +++++++++++++++++++++
 7 files changed, 195 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 changelog.d/6016.misc
 create mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/56/destinations_failure_ts.sql
 create mode 100644 tests/util/test_retryutils.py

(limited to 'tests/handlers')

diff --git a/changelog.d/6016.misc b/changelog.d/6016.misc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..91cf164714
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/6016.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Add a 'failure_ts' column to the 'destinations' database table.
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/56/destinations_failure_ts.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/56/destinations_failure_ts.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f00889290b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/56/destinations_failure_ts.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+/* Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Record the timestamp when a given server started failing
+ */
+ALTER TABLE destinations ADD failure_ts BIGINT;
+
+/* as a rough approximation, we assume that the server started failing at
+ * retry_interval before the last retry
+ */
+UPDATE destinations SET failure_ts = retry_last_ts - retry_interval
+    WHERE retry_last_ts > 0;
diff --git a/synapse/storage/transactions.py b/synapse/storage/transactions.py
index d81ace0ece..289c117396 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/transactions.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/transactions.py
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ class TransactionStore(SQLBaseStore):
             txn,
             table="destinations",
             keyvalues={"destination": destination},
-            retcols=("destination", "retry_last_ts", "retry_interval"),
+            retcols=("destination", "failure_ts", "retry_last_ts", "retry_interval"),
             allow_none=True,
         )
 
@@ -174,12 +174,15 @@ class TransactionStore(SQLBaseStore):
         else:
             return None
 
-    def set_destination_retry_timings(self, destination, retry_last_ts, retry_interval):
+    def set_destination_retry_timings(
+        self, destination, failure_ts, retry_last_ts, retry_interval
+    ):
         """Sets the current retry timings for a given destination.
         Both timings should be zero if retrying is no longer occuring.
 
         Args:
             destination (str)
+            failure_ts (int|None) - when the server started failing (ms since epoch)
             retry_last_ts (int) - time of last retry attempt in unix epoch ms
             retry_interval (int) - how long until next retry in ms
         """
@@ -189,12 +192,13 @@ class TransactionStore(SQLBaseStore):
             "set_destination_retry_timings",
             self._set_destination_retry_timings,
             destination,
+            failure_ts,
             retry_last_ts,
             retry_interval,
         )
 
     def _set_destination_retry_timings(
-        self, txn, destination, retry_last_ts, retry_interval
+        self, txn, destination, failure_ts, retry_last_ts, retry_interval
     ):
 
         if self.database_engine.can_native_upsert:
@@ -202,9 +206,12 @@ class TransactionStore(SQLBaseStore):
             # resetting it) or greater than the existing retry interval.
 
             sql = """
-                INSERT INTO destinations (destination, retry_last_ts, retry_interval)
-                    VALUES (?, ?, ?)
+                INSERT INTO destinations (
+                    destination, failure_ts, retry_last_ts, retry_interval
+                )
+                    VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)
                 ON CONFLICT (destination) DO UPDATE SET
+                        failure_ts = EXCLUDED.failure_ts,
                         retry_last_ts = EXCLUDED.retry_last_ts,
                         retry_interval = EXCLUDED.retry_interval
                     WHERE
@@ -212,7 +219,7 @@ class TransactionStore(SQLBaseStore):
                         OR destinations.retry_interval < EXCLUDED.retry_interval
             """
 
-            txn.execute(sql, (destination, retry_last_ts, retry_interval))
+            txn.execute(sql, (destination, failure_ts, retry_last_ts, retry_interval))
 
             return
 
@@ -225,7 +232,7 @@ class TransactionStore(SQLBaseStore):
             txn,
             table="destinations",
             keyvalues={"destination": destination},
-            retcols=("retry_last_ts", "retry_interval"),
+            retcols=("failure_ts", "retry_last_ts", "retry_interval"),
             allow_none=True,
         )
 
@@ -235,6 +242,7 @@ class TransactionStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 table="destinations",
                 values={
                     "destination": destination,
+                    "failure_ts": failure_ts,
                     "retry_last_ts": retry_last_ts,
                     "retry_interval": retry_interval,
                 },
@@ -245,6 +253,7 @@ class TransactionStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 "destinations",
                 keyvalues={"destination": destination},
                 updatevalues={
+                    "failure_ts": failure_ts,
                     "retry_last_ts": retry_last_ts,
                     "retry_interval": retry_interval,
                 },
diff --git a/synapse/util/retryutils.py b/synapse/util/retryutils.py
index b740913b58..a5f2fbef5c 100644
--- a/synapse/util/retryutils.py
+++ b/synapse/util/retryutils.py
@@ -80,11 +80,13 @@ def get_retry_limiter(destination, clock, store, ignore_backoff=False, **kwargs)
             # We aren't ready to retry that destination.
             raise
     """
+    failure_ts = None
     retry_last_ts, retry_interval = (0, 0)
 
     retry_timings = yield store.get_destination_retry_timings(destination)
 
     if retry_timings:
+        failure_ts = retry_timings["failure_ts"]
         retry_last_ts, retry_interval = (
             retry_timings["retry_last_ts"],
             retry_timings["retry_interval"],
@@ -108,6 +110,7 @@ def get_retry_limiter(destination, clock, store, ignore_backoff=False, **kwargs)
         destination,
         clock,
         store,
+        failure_ts,
         retry_interval,
         backoff_on_failure=backoff_on_failure,
         **kwargs
@@ -120,6 +123,7 @@ class RetryDestinationLimiter(object):
         destination,
         clock,
         store,
+        failure_ts,
         retry_interval,
         backoff_on_404=False,
         backoff_on_failure=True,
@@ -133,6 +137,8 @@ class RetryDestinationLimiter(object):
             destination (str)
             clock (Clock)
             store (DataStore)
+            failure_ts (int|None): when this destination started failing (in ms since
+                the epoch), or zero if the last request was successful
             retry_interval (int): The next retry interval taken from the
                 database in milliseconds, or zero if the last request was
                 successful.
@@ -145,6 +151,7 @@ class RetryDestinationLimiter(object):
         self.store = store
         self.destination = destination
 
+        self.failure_ts = failure_ts
         self.retry_interval = retry_interval
         self.backoff_on_404 = backoff_on_404
         self.backoff_on_failure = backoff_on_failure
@@ -186,6 +193,7 @@ class RetryDestinationLimiter(object):
             logger.debug(
                 "Connection to %s was successful; clearing backoff", self.destination
             )
+            self.failure_ts = None
             retry_last_ts = 0
             self.retry_interval = 0
         elif not self.backoff_on_failure:
@@ -211,11 +219,17 @@ class RetryDestinationLimiter(object):
             )
             retry_last_ts = int(self.clock.time_msec())
 
+            if self.failure_ts is None:
+                self.failure_ts = retry_last_ts
+
         @defer.inlineCallbacks
         def store_retry_timings():
             try:
                 yield self.store.set_destination_retry_timings(
-                    self.destination, retry_last_ts, self.retry_interval
+                    self.destination,
+                    self.failure_ts,
+                    retry_last_ts,
+                    self.retry_interval,
                 )
             except Exception:
                 logger.exception("Failed to store destination_retry_timings")
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_typing.py b/tests/handlers/test_typing.py
index 5d5e324df2..1f2ef5d01f 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_typing.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_typing.py
@@ -99,7 +99,12 @@ class TypingNotificationsTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         self.event_source = hs.get_event_sources().sources["typing"]
 
         self.datastore = hs.get_datastore()
-        retry_timings_res = {"destination": "", "retry_last_ts": 0, "retry_interval": 0}
+        retry_timings_res = {
+            "destination": "",
+            "retry_last_ts": 0,
+            "retry_interval": 0,
+            "failure_ts": None,
+        }
         self.datastore.get_destination_retry_timings.return_value = defer.succeed(
             retry_timings_res
         )
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_transactions.py b/tests/storage/test_transactions.py
index 14169afa96..a771d5af29 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_transactions.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_transactions.py
@@ -29,17 +29,19 @@ class TransactionStoreTestCase(HomeserverTestCase):
         r = self.get_success(d)
         self.assertIsNone(r)
 
-        d = self.store.set_destination_retry_timings("example.com", 50, 100)
+        d = self.store.set_destination_retry_timings("example.com", 1000, 50, 100)
         self.get_success(d)
 
         d = self.store.get_destination_retry_timings("example.com")
         r = self.get_success(d)
 
-        self.assert_dict({"retry_last_ts": 50, "retry_interval": 100}, r)
+        self.assert_dict(
+            {"retry_last_ts": 50, "retry_interval": 100, "failure_ts": 1000}, r
+        )
 
     def test_initial_set_transactions(self):
         """Tests that we can successfully set the destination retries (there
         was a bug around invalidating the cache that broke this)
         """
-        d = self.store.set_destination_retry_timings("example.com", 50, 100)
+        d = self.store.set_destination_retry_timings("example.com", 1000, 50, 100)
         self.get_success(d)
diff --git a/tests/util/test_retryutils.py b/tests/util/test_retryutils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9e348694ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/util/test_retryutils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+from synapse.util.retryutils import (
+    MIN_RETRY_INTERVAL,
+    RETRY_MULTIPLIER,
+    NotRetryingDestination,
+    get_retry_limiter,
+)
+
+from tests.unittest import HomeserverTestCase
+
+
+class RetryLimiterTestCase(HomeserverTestCase):
+    def test_new_destination(self):
+        """A happy-path case with a new destination and a successful operation"""
+        store = self.hs.get_datastore()
+        d = get_retry_limiter("test_dest", self.clock, store)
+        self.pump()
+        limiter = self.successResultOf(d)
+
+        # advance the clock a bit before making the request
+        self.pump(1)
+
+        with limiter:
+            pass
+
+        d = store.get_destination_retry_timings("test_dest")
+        self.pump()
+        new_timings = self.successResultOf(d)
+        self.assertIsNone(new_timings)
+
+    def test_limiter(self):
+        """General test case which walks through the process of a failing request"""
+        store = self.hs.get_datastore()
+
+        d = get_retry_limiter("test_dest", self.clock, store)
+        self.pump()
+        limiter = self.successResultOf(d)
+
+        self.pump(1)
+        try:
+            with limiter:
+                self.pump(1)
+                failure_ts = self.clock.time_msec()
+                raise AssertionError("argh")
+        except AssertionError:
+            pass
+
+        # wait for the update to land
+        self.pump()
+
+        d = store.get_destination_retry_timings("test_dest")
+        self.pump()
+        new_timings = self.successResultOf(d)
+        self.assertEqual(new_timings["failure_ts"], failure_ts)
+        self.assertEqual(new_timings["retry_last_ts"], failure_ts)
+        self.assertEqual(new_timings["retry_interval"], MIN_RETRY_INTERVAL)
+
+        # now if we try again we should get a failure
+        d = get_retry_limiter("test_dest", self.clock, store)
+        self.pump()
+        self.failureResultOf(d, NotRetryingDestination)
+
+        #
+        # advance the clock and try again
+        #
+
+        self.pump(MIN_RETRY_INTERVAL)
+        d = get_retry_limiter("test_dest", self.clock, store)
+        self.pump()
+        limiter = self.successResultOf(d)
+
+        self.pump(1)
+        try:
+            with limiter:
+                self.pump(1)
+                retry_ts = self.clock.time_msec()
+                raise AssertionError("argh")
+        except AssertionError:
+            pass
+
+        # wait for the update to land
+        self.pump()
+
+        d = store.get_destination_retry_timings("test_dest")
+        self.pump()
+        new_timings = self.successResultOf(d)
+        self.assertEqual(new_timings["failure_ts"], failure_ts)
+        self.assertEqual(new_timings["retry_last_ts"], retry_ts)
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(
+            new_timings["retry_interval"], MIN_RETRY_INTERVAL * RETRY_MULTIPLIER * 0.5
+        )
+        self.assertLessEqual(
+            new_timings["retry_interval"], MIN_RETRY_INTERVAL * RETRY_MULTIPLIER * 2.0
+        )
+
+        #
+        # one more go, with success
+        #
+        self.pump(MIN_RETRY_INTERVAL * RETRY_MULTIPLIER * 2.0)
+        d = get_retry_limiter("test_dest", self.clock, store)
+        self.pump()
+        limiter = self.successResultOf(d)
+
+        self.pump(1)
+        with limiter:
+            self.pump(1)
+
+        # wait for the update to land
+        self.pump()
+
+        d = store.get_destination_retry_timings("test_dest")
+        self.pump()
+        new_timings = self.successResultOf(d)
+        self.assertIsNone(new_timings)
-- 
cgit 1.5.1


From a5166e4d5febc0e03ba9da9db99127a797a0bc4d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Erik Johnston <erik@matrix.org>
Date: Wed, 2 Oct 2019 14:08:35 +0100
Subject: Land improved room list based on room stats (#6019)

Use room_stats and room_state for room directory search
---
 changelog.d/6019.misc                              |   1 +
 synapse/federation/transport/server.py             |   8 +
 synapse/handlers/room_list.py                      | 323 ++++++---------------
 synapse/rest/client/v1/room.py                     |   8 +
 synapse/storage/room.py                            | 228 ++++++++++-----
 .../schema/delta/56/public_room_list_idx.sql       |  16 +
 tests/handlers/test_roomlist.py                    |  39 ---
 7 files changed, 273 insertions(+), 350 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 changelog.d/6019.misc
 create mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/56/public_room_list_idx.sql
 delete mode 100644 tests/handlers/test_roomlist.py

(limited to 'tests/handlers')

diff --git a/changelog.d/6019.misc b/changelog.d/6019.misc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..dfee73c28f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/6019.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Improve performance of the public room list directory.
diff --git a/synapse/federation/transport/server.py b/synapse/federation/transport/server.py
index 7f8a16e355..0f16f21c2d 100644
--- a/synapse/federation/transport/server.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/transport/server.py
@@ -765,6 +765,10 @@ class PublicRoomList(BaseFederationServlet):
         else:
             network_tuple = ThirdPartyInstanceID(None, None)
 
+        if limit == 0:
+            # zero is a special value which corresponds to no limit.
+            limit = None
+
         data = await maybeDeferred(
             self.handler.get_local_public_room_list,
             limit,
@@ -800,6 +804,10 @@ class PublicRoomList(BaseFederationServlet):
         if search_filter is None:
             logger.warning("Nonefilter")
 
+        if limit == 0:
+            # zero is a special value which corresponds to no limit.
+            limit = None
+
         data = await self.handler.get_local_public_room_list(
             limit=limit,
             since_token=since_token,
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/room_list.py b/synapse/handlers/room_list.py
index a7e55f00e5..4e1cc5460f 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/room_list.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/room_list.py
@@ -16,8 +16,7 @@
 import logging
 from collections import namedtuple
 
-from six import PY3, iteritems
-from six.moves import range
+from six import iteritems
 
 import msgpack
 from unpaddedbase64 import decode_base64, encode_base64
@@ -27,7 +26,6 @@ from twisted.internet import defer
 from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes, JoinRules
 from synapse.api.errors import Codes, HttpResponseException
 from synapse.types import ThirdPartyInstanceID
-from synapse.util.async_helpers import concurrently_execute
 from synapse.util.caches.descriptors import cachedInlineCallbacks
 from synapse.util.caches.response_cache import ResponseCache
 
@@ -37,7 +35,6 @@ logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 REMOTE_ROOM_LIST_POLL_INTERVAL = 60 * 1000
 
-
 # This is used to indicate we should only return rooms published to the main list.
 EMPTY_THIRD_PARTY_ID = ThirdPartyInstanceID(None, None)
 
@@ -72,6 +69,8 @@ class RoomListHandler(BaseHandler):
                 This can be (None, None) to indicate the main list, or a particular
                 appservice and network id to use an appservice specific one.
                 Setting to None returns all public rooms across all lists.
+            from_federation (bool): true iff the request comes from the federation
+                API
         """
         if not self.enable_room_list_search:
             return defer.succeed({"chunk": [], "total_room_count_estimate": 0})
@@ -133,239 +132,109 @@ class RoomListHandler(BaseHandler):
             from_federation (bool): Whether this request originated from a
                 federating server or a client. Used for room filtering.
             timeout (int|None): Amount of seconds to wait for a response before
-                timing out.
+                timing out. TODO
         """
-        if since_token and since_token != "END":
-            since_token = RoomListNextBatch.from_token(since_token)
-        else:
-            since_token = None
 
-        rooms_to_order_value = {}
-        rooms_to_num_joined = {}
+        # Pagination tokens work by storing the room ID sent in the last batch,
+        # plus the direction (forwards or backwards). Next batch tokens always
+        # go forwards, prev batch tokens always go backwards.
 
-        newly_visible = []
-        newly_unpublished = []
         if since_token:
-            stream_token = since_token.stream_ordering
-            current_public_id = yield self.store.get_current_public_room_stream_id()
-            public_room_stream_id = since_token.public_room_stream_id
-            newly_visible, newly_unpublished = yield self.store.get_public_room_changes(
-                public_room_stream_id, current_public_id, network_tuple=network_tuple
-            )
-        else:
-            stream_token = yield self.store.get_room_max_stream_ordering()
-            public_room_stream_id = yield self.store.get_current_public_room_stream_id()
-
-        room_ids = yield self.store.get_public_room_ids_at_stream_id(
-            public_room_stream_id, network_tuple=network_tuple
-        )
-
-        # We want to return rooms in a particular order: the number of joined
-        # users. We then arbitrarily use the room_id as a tie breaker.
-
-        @defer.inlineCallbacks
-        def get_order_for_room(room_id):
-            # Most of the rooms won't have changed between the since token and
-            # now (especially if the since token is "now"). So, we can ask what
-            # the current users are in a room (that will hit a cache) and then
-            # check if the room has changed since the since token. (We have to
-            # do it in that order to avoid races).
-            # If things have changed then fall back to getting the current state
-            # at the since token.
-            joined_users = yield self.store.get_users_in_room(room_id)
-            if self.store.has_room_changed_since(room_id, stream_token):
-                latest_event_ids = yield self.store.get_forward_extremeties_for_room(
-                    room_id, stream_token
-                )
-
-                if not latest_event_ids:
-                    return
+            batch_token = RoomListNextBatch.from_token(since_token)
 
-                joined_users = yield self.state_handler.get_current_users_in_room(
-                    room_id, latest_event_ids
-                )
-
-            num_joined_users = len(joined_users)
-            rooms_to_num_joined[room_id] = num_joined_users
+            last_room_id = batch_token.last_room_id
+            forwards = batch_token.direction_is_forward
+        else:
+            batch_token = None
 
-            if num_joined_users == 0:
-                return
+            last_room_id = None
+            forwards = True
 
-            # We want larger rooms to be first, hence negating num_joined_users
-            rooms_to_order_value[room_id] = (-num_joined_users, room_id)
+        # we request one more than wanted to see if there are more pages to come
+        probing_limit = limit + 1 if limit is not None else None
 
-        logger.info(
-            "Getting ordering for %i rooms since %s", len(room_ids), stream_token
+        results = yield self.store.get_largest_public_rooms(
+            network_tuple,
+            search_filter,
+            probing_limit,
+            last_room_id=last_room_id,
+            forwards=forwards,
+            ignore_non_federatable=from_federation,
         )
-        yield concurrently_execute(get_order_for_room, room_ids, 10)
 
-        sorted_entries = sorted(rooms_to_order_value.items(), key=lambda e: e[1])
-        sorted_rooms = [room_id for room_id, _ in sorted_entries]
+        def build_room_entry(room):
+            entry = {
+                "room_id": room["room_id"],
+                "name": room["name"],
+                "topic": room["topic"],
+                "canonical_alias": room["canonical_alias"],
+                "num_joined_members": room["joined_members"],
+                "avatar_url": room["avatar"],
+                "world_readable": room["history_visibility"] == "world_readable",
+                "guest_can_join": room["guest_access"] == "can_join",
+            }
 
-        # `sorted_rooms` should now be a list of all public room ids that is
-        # stable across pagination. Therefore, we can use indices into this
-        # list as our pagination tokens.
+            # Filter out Nones – rather omit the field altogether
+            return {k: v for k, v in entry.items() if v is not None}
 
-        # Filter out rooms that we don't want to return
-        rooms_to_scan = [
-            r
-            for r in sorted_rooms
-            if r not in newly_unpublished and rooms_to_num_joined[r] > 0
-        ]
+        results = [build_room_entry(r) for r in results]
 
-        total_room_count = len(rooms_to_scan)
+        response = {}
+        num_results = len(results)
+        if limit is not None:
+            more_to_come = num_results == probing_limit
 
-        if since_token:
-            # Filter out rooms we've already returned previously
-            # `since_token.current_limit` is the index of the last room we
-            # sent down, so we exclude it and everything before/after it.
-            if since_token.direction_is_forward:
-                rooms_to_scan = rooms_to_scan[since_token.current_limit + 1 :]
+            # Depending on direction we trim either the front or back.
+            if forwards:
+                results = results[:limit]
             else:
-                rooms_to_scan = rooms_to_scan[: since_token.current_limit]
-                rooms_to_scan.reverse()
-
-        logger.info("After sorting and filtering, %i rooms remain", len(rooms_to_scan))
-
-        # _append_room_entry_to_chunk will append to chunk but will stop if
-        # len(chunk) > limit
-        #
-        # Normally we will generate enough results on the first iteration here,
-        #  but if there is a search filter, _append_room_entry_to_chunk may
-        # filter some results out, in which case we loop again.
-        #
-        # We don't want to scan over the entire range either as that
-        # would potentially waste a lot of work.
-        #
-        # XXX if there is no limit, we may end up DoSing the server with
-        # calls to get_current_state_ids for every single room on the
-        # server. Surely we should cap this somehow?
-        #
-        if limit:
-            step = limit + 1
+                results = results[-limit:]
         else:
-            # step cannot be zero
-            step = len(rooms_to_scan) if len(rooms_to_scan) != 0 else 1
-
-        chunk = []
-        for i in range(0, len(rooms_to_scan), step):
-            if timeout and self.clock.time() > timeout:
-                raise Exception("Timed out searching room directory")
-
-            batch = rooms_to_scan[i : i + step]
-            logger.info("Processing %i rooms for result", len(batch))
-            yield concurrently_execute(
-                lambda r: self._append_room_entry_to_chunk(
-                    r,
-                    rooms_to_num_joined[r],
-                    chunk,
-                    limit,
-                    search_filter,
-                    from_federation=from_federation,
-                ),
-                batch,
-                5,
-            )
-            logger.info("Now %i rooms in result", len(chunk))
-            if len(chunk) >= limit + 1:
-                break
-
-        chunk.sort(key=lambda e: (-e["num_joined_members"], e["room_id"]))
-
-        # Work out the new limit of the batch for pagination, or None if we
-        # know there are no more results that would be returned.
-        # i.e., [since_token.current_limit..new_limit] is the batch of rooms
-        # we've returned (or the reverse if we paginated backwards)
-        # We tried to pull out limit + 1 rooms above, so if we have <= limit
-        # then we know there are no more results to return
-        new_limit = None
-        if chunk and (not limit or len(chunk) > limit):
-
-            if not since_token or since_token.direction_is_forward:
-                if limit:
-                    chunk = chunk[:limit]
-                last_room_id = chunk[-1]["room_id"]
+            more_to_come = False
+
+        if num_results > 0:
+            final_room_id = results[-1]["room_id"]
+            initial_room_id = results[0]["room_id"]
+
+            if forwards:
+                if batch_token:
+                    # If there was a token given then we assume that there
+                    # must be previous results.
+                    response["prev_batch"] = RoomListNextBatch(
+                        last_room_id=initial_room_id, direction_is_forward=False
+                    ).to_token()
+
+                if more_to_come:
+                    response["next_batch"] = RoomListNextBatch(
+                        last_room_id=final_room_id, direction_is_forward=True
+                    ).to_token()
             else:
-                if limit:
-                    chunk = chunk[-limit:]
-                last_room_id = chunk[0]["room_id"]
-
-            new_limit = sorted_rooms.index(last_room_id)
-
-        results = {"chunk": chunk, "total_room_count_estimate": total_room_count}
-
-        if since_token:
-            results["new_rooms"] = bool(newly_visible)
-
-        if not since_token or since_token.direction_is_forward:
-            if new_limit is not None:
-                results["next_batch"] = RoomListNextBatch(
-                    stream_ordering=stream_token,
-                    public_room_stream_id=public_room_stream_id,
-                    current_limit=new_limit,
-                    direction_is_forward=True,
-                ).to_token()
-
-            if since_token:
-                results["prev_batch"] = since_token.copy_and_replace(
-                    direction_is_forward=False,
-                    current_limit=since_token.current_limit + 1,
-                ).to_token()
-        else:
-            if new_limit is not None:
-                results["prev_batch"] = RoomListNextBatch(
-                    stream_ordering=stream_token,
-                    public_room_stream_id=public_room_stream_id,
-                    current_limit=new_limit,
-                    direction_is_forward=False,
-                ).to_token()
-
-            if since_token:
-                results["next_batch"] = since_token.copy_and_replace(
-                    direction_is_forward=True,
-                    current_limit=since_token.current_limit - 1,
-                ).to_token()
-
-        return results
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _append_room_entry_to_chunk(
-        self,
-        room_id,
-        num_joined_users,
-        chunk,
-        limit,
-        search_filter,
-        from_federation=False,
-    ):
-        """Generate the entry for a room in the public room list and append it
-        to the `chunk` if it matches the search filter
-
-        Args:
-            room_id (str): The ID of the room.
-            num_joined_users (int): The number of joined users in the room.
-            chunk (list)
-            limit (int|None): Maximum amount of rooms to display. Function will
-                return if length of chunk is greater than limit + 1.
-            search_filter (dict|None)
-            from_federation (bool): Whether this request originated from a
-                federating server or a client. Used for room filtering.
-        """
-        if limit and len(chunk) > limit + 1:
-            # We've already got enough, so lets just drop it.
-            return
+                if batch_token:
+                    response["next_batch"] = RoomListNextBatch(
+                        last_room_id=final_room_id, direction_is_forward=True
+                    ).to_token()
+
+                if more_to_come:
+                    response["prev_batch"] = RoomListNextBatch(
+                        last_room_id=initial_room_id, direction_is_forward=False
+                    ).to_token()
+
+        for room in results:
+            # populate search result entries with additional fields, namely
+            # 'aliases'
+            room_id = room["room_id"]
+
+            aliases = yield self.store.get_aliases_for_room(room_id)
+            if aliases:
+                room["aliases"] = aliases
 
-        result = yield self.generate_room_entry(room_id, num_joined_users)
-        if not result:
-            return
+        response["chunk"] = results
 
-        if from_federation and not result.get("m.federate", True):
-            # This is a room that other servers cannot join. Do not show them
-            # this room.
-            return
+        response["total_room_count_estimate"] = yield self.store.count_public_rooms(
+            network_tuple, ignore_non_federatable=from_federation
+        )
 
-        if _matches_room_entry(result, search_filter):
-            chunk.append(result)
+        return response
 
     @cachedInlineCallbacks(num_args=1, cache_context=True)
     def generate_room_entry(
@@ -580,32 +449,18 @@ class RoomListNextBatch(
     namedtuple(
         "RoomListNextBatch",
         (
-            "stream_ordering",  # stream_ordering of the first public room list
-            "public_room_stream_id",  # public room stream id for first public room list
-            "current_limit",  # The number of previous rooms returned
+            "last_room_id",  # The room_id to get rooms after/before
             "direction_is_forward",  # Bool if this is a next_batch, false if prev_batch
         ),
     )
 ):
-
-    KEY_DICT = {
-        "stream_ordering": "s",
-        "public_room_stream_id": "p",
-        "current_limit": "n",
-        "direction_is_forward": "d",
-    }
+    KEY_DICT = {"last_room_id": "r", "direction_is_forward": "d"}
 
     REVERSE_KEY_DICT = {v: k for k, v in KEY_DICT.items()}
 
     @classmethod
     def from_token(cls, token):
-        if PY3:
-            # The argument raw=False is only available on new versions of
-            # msgpack, and only really needed on Python 3. Gate it behind
-            # a PY3 check to avoid causing issues on Debian-packaged versions.
-            decoded = msgpack.loads(decode_base64(token), raw=False)
-        else:
-            decoded = msgpack.loads(decode_base64(token))
+        decoded = msgpack.loads(decode_base64(token), raw=False)
         return RoomListNextBatch(
             **{cls.REVERSE_KEY_DICT[key]: val for key, val in decoded.items()}
         )
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v1/room.py b/synapse/rest/client/v1/room.py
index 6bf924dedc..9c1d41421c 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v1/room.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v1/room.py
@@ -361,6 +361,10 @@ class PublicRoomListRestServlet(TransactionRestServlet):
         limit = parse_integer(request, "limit", 0)
         since_token = parse_string(request, "since", None)
 
+        if limit == 0:
+            # zero is a special value which corresponds to no limit.
+            limit = None
+
         handler = self.hs.get_room_list_handler()
         if server:
             data = yield handler.get_remote_public_room_list(
@@ -398,6 +402,10 @@ class PublicRoomListRestServlet(TransactionRestServlet):
         else:
             network_tuple = ThirdPartyInstanceID.from_string(third_party_instance_id)
 
+        if limit == 0:
+            # zero is a special value which corresponds to no limit.
+            limit = None
+
         handler = self.hs.get_room_list_handler()
         if server:
             data = yield handler.get_remote_public_room_list(
diff --git a/synapse/storage/room.py b/synapse/storage/room.py
index 08e13f3a3b..c02787a73d 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/room.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/room.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+# Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -63,103 +64,176 @@ class RoomWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             desc="get_public_room_ids",
         )
 
-    @cached(num_args=2, max_entries=100)
-    def get_public_room_ids_at_stream_id(self, stream_id, network_tuple):
-        """Get pulbic rooms for a particular list, or across all lists.
+    def count_public_rooms(self, network_tuple, ignore_non_federatable):
+        """Counts the number of public rooms as tracked in the room_stats_current
+        and room_stats_state table.
 
         Args:
-            stream_id (int)
-            network_tuple (ThirdPartyInstanceID): The list to use (None, None)
-                means the main list, None means all lsits.
+            network_tuple (ThirdPartyInstanceID|None)
+            ignore_non_federatable (bool): If true filters out non-federatable rooms
         """
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "get_public_room_ids_at_stream_id",
-            self.get_public_room_ids_at_stream_id_txn,
-            stream_id,
-            network_tuple=network_tuple,
-        )
-
-    def get_public_room_ids_at_stream_id_txn(self, txn, stream_id, network_tuple):
-        return {
-            rm
-            for rm, vis in self.get_published_at_stream_id_txn(
-                txn, stream_id, network_tuple=network_tuple
-            ).items()
-            if vis
-        }
 
-    def get_published_at_stream_id_txn(self, txn, stream_id, network_tuple):
-        if network_tuple:
-            # We want to get from a particular list. No aggregation required.
+        def _count_public_rooms_txn(txn):
+            query_args = []
+
+            if network_tuple:
+                if network_tuple.appservice_id:
+                    published_sql = """
+                        SELECT room_id from appservice_room_list
+                        WHERE appservice_id = ? AND network_id = ?
+                    """
+                    query_args.append(network_tuple.appservice_id)
+                    query_args.append(network_tuple.network_id)
+                else:
+                    published_sql = """
+                        SELECT room_id FROM rooms WHERE is_public
+                    """
+            else:
+                published_sql = """
+                    SELECT room_id FROM rooms WHERE is_public
+                    UNION SELECT room_id from appservice_room_list
+            """
 
             sql = """
-                SELECT room_id, visibility FROM public_room_list_stream
-                INNER JOIN (
-                    SELECT room_id, max(stream_id) AS stream_id
-                    FROM public_room_list_stream
-                    WHERE stream_id <= ? %s
-                    GROUP BY room_id
-                ) grouped USING (room_id, stream_id)
-            """
+                SELECT
+                    COALESCE(COUNT(*), 0)
+                FROM (
+                    %(published_sql)s
+                ) published
+                INNER JOIN room_stats_state USING (room_id)
+                INNER JOIN room_stats_current USING (room_id)
+                WHERE
+                    (
+                        join_rules = 'public' OR history_visibility = 'world_readable'
+                    )
+                    AND joined_members > 0
+            """ % {
+                "published_sql": published_sql
+            }
 
-            if network_tuple.appservice_id is not None:
-                txn.execute(
-                    sql % ("AND appservice_id = ? AND network_id = ?",),
-                    (stream_id, network_tuple.appservice_id, network_tuple.network_id),
-                )
-            else:
-                txn.execute(sql % ("AND appservice_id IS NULL",), (stream_id,))
-            return dict(txn)
-        else:
-            # We want to get from all lists, so we need to aggregate the results
+            txn.execute(sql, query_args)
+            return txn.fetchone()[0]
 
-            logger.info("Executing full list")
+        return self.runInteraction("count_public_rooms", _count_public_rooms_txn)
 
-            sql = """
-                SELECT room_id, visibility
-                FROM public_room_list_stream
-                INNER JOIN (
-                    SELECT
-                        room_id, max(stream_id) AS stream_id, appservice_id,
-                        network_id
-                    FROM public_room_list_stream
-                    WHERE stream_id <= ?
-                    GROUP BY room_id, appservice_id, network_id
-                ) grouped USING (room_id, stream_id)
-            """
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_largest_public_rooms(
+        self,
+        network_tuple,
+        search_filter,
+        limit,
+        last_room_id,
+        forwards,
+        ignore_non_federatable=False,
+    ):
+        """Gets the largest public rooms (where largest is in terms of joined
+        members, as tracked in the statistics table).
 
-            txn.execute(sql, (stream_id,))
+        Args:
+            network_tuple (ThirdPartyInstanceID|None):
+            search_filter (dict|None):
+            limit (int|None): Maxmimum number of rows to return, unlimited otherwise.
+            last_room_id (str|None): if present, a room ID which bounds the
+                result set, and is always *excluded* from the result set.
+            forwards (bool): true iff going forwards, going backwards otherwise
+            ignore_non_federatable (bool): If true filters out non-federatable rooms.
 
-            results = {}
-            # A room is visible if its visible on any list.
-            for room_id, visibility in txn:
-                results[room_id] = bool(visibility) or results.get(room_id, False)
+        Returns:
+            Rooms in order: biggest number of joined users first.
+            We then arbitrarily use the room_id as a tie breaker.
 
-            return results
+        """
 
-    def get_public_room_changes(self, prev_stream_id, new_stream_id, network_tuple):
-        def get_public_room_changes_txn(txn):
-            then_rooms = self.get_public_room_ids_at_stream_id_txn(
-                txn, prev_stream_id, network_tuple
-            )
+        where_clauses = []
+        query_args = []
 
-            now_rooms_dict = self.get_published_at_stream_id_txn(
-                txn, new_stream_id, network_tuple
-            )
+        if last_room_id:
+            if forwards:
+                where_clauses.append("room_id < ?")
+            else:
+                where_clauses.append("? < room_id")
 
-            now_rooms_visible = set(rm for rm, vis in now_rooms_dict.items() if vis)
-            now_rooms_not_visible = set(
-                rm for rm, vis in now_rooms_dict.items() if not vis
+            query_args += [last_room_id]
+
+        if search_filter and search_filter.get("generic_search_term", None):
+            search_term = "%" + search_filter["generic_search_term"] + "%"
+
+            where_clauses.append(
+                """
+                    (
+                        name LIKE ?
+                        OR topic LIKE ?
+                        OR canonical_alias LIKE ?
+                    )
+                """
             )
+            query_args += [search_term, search_term, search_term]
+
+        if network_tuple:
+            if network_tuple.appservice_id:
+                published_sql = """
+                    SELECT room_id from appservice_room_list
+                    WHERE appservice_id = ? AND network_id = ?
+                """
+                query_args.append(network_tuple.appservice_id)
+                query_args.append(network_tuple.network_id)
+            else:
+                published_sql = """
+                    SELECT room_id FROM rooms WHERE is_public
+                """
+        else:
+            published_sql = """
+                SELECT room_id FROM rooms WHERE is_public
+                UNION SELECT room_id from appservice_room_list
+            """
 
-            newly_visible = now_rooms_visible - then_rooms
-            newly_unpublished = now_rooms_not_visible & then_rooms
+        where_clause = ""
+        if where_clauses:
+            where_clause = " AND " + " AND ".join(where_clauses)
+
+        sql = """
+            SELECT
+                room_id, name, topic, canonical_alias, joined_members,
+                avatar, history_visibility, joined_members, guest_access
+            FROM (
+                %(published_sql)s
+            ) published
+            INNER JOIN room_stats_state USING (room_id)
+            INNER JOIN room_stats_current USING (room_id)
+            WHERE
+                (
+                    join_rules = 'public' OR history_visibility = 'world_readable'
+                )
+                AND joined_members > 0
+                %(where_clause)s
+            ORDER BY joined_members %(dir)s, room_id %(dir)s
+        """ % {
+            "published_sql": published_sql,
+            "where_clause": where_clause,
+            "dir": "DESC" if forwards else "ASC",
+        }
 
-            return newly_visible, newly_unpublished
+        if limit is not None:
+            query_args.append(limit)
 
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "get_public_room_changes", get_public_room_changes_txn
+            sql += """
+                LIMIT ?
+            """
+
+        def _get_largest_public_rooms_txn(txn):
+            txn.execute(sql, query_args)
+
+            results = self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
+
+            if not forwards:
+                results.reverse()
+
+            return results
+
+        ret_val = yield self.runInteraction(
+            "get_largest_public_rooms", _get_largest_public_rooms_txn
         )
+        defer.returnValue(ret_val)
 
     @cached(max_entries=10000)
     def is_room_blocked(self, room_id):
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/56/public_room_list_idx.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/56/public_room_list_idx.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7be31ffebb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/56/public_room_list_idx.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+/* Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+CREATE INDEX public_room_list_stream_network ON public_room_list_stream (appservice_id, network_id, room_id);
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_roomlist.py b/tests/handlers/test_roomlist.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 61eebb6985..0000000000
--- a/tests/handlers/test_roomlist.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-# Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-
-from synapse.handlers.room_list import RoomListNextBatch
-
-import tests.unittest
-import tests.utils
-
-
-class RoomListTestCase(tests.unittest.TestCase):
-    """ Tests RoomList's RoomListNextBatch. """
-
-    def setUp(self):
-        pass
-
-    def test_check_read_batch_tokens(self):
-        batch_token = RoomListNextBatch(
-            stream_ordering="abcdef",
-            public_room_stream_id="123",
-            current_limit=20,
-            direction_is_forward=True,
-        ).to_token()
-        next_batch = RoomListNextBatch.from_token(batch_token)
-        self.assertEquals(next_batch.stream_ordering, "abcdef")
-        self.assertEquals(next_batch.public_room_stream_id, "123")
-        self.assertEquals(next_batch.current_limit, 20)
-        self.assertEquals(next_batch.direction_is_forward, True)
-- 
cgit 1.5.1


From 6527fa18c1e6f9bcb22318916b5e9534c91c84c1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Brendan Abolivier <babolivier@matrix.org>
Date: Wed, 2 Oct 2019 14:44:58 +0100
Subject: Add test case

---
 synapse/handlers/federation.py    |  2 +-
 tests/handlers/test_federation.py | 83 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 84 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
 create mode 100644 tests/handlers/test_federation.py

(limited to 'tests/handlers')

diff --git a/synapse/handlers/federation.py b/synapse/handlers/federation.py
index 75d79bb8e4..91f3a69298 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/federation.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/federation.py
@@ -2570,7 +2570,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
         )
 
         try:
-            self.auth.check_from_context(room_version, event, context)
+            yield self.auth.check_from_context(room_version, event, context)
         except AuthError as e:
             logger.warn("Denying third party invite %r because %s", event, e)
             raise e
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_federation.py b/tests/handlers/test_federation.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..20416a0142
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_federation.py
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes
+from synapse.api.errors import AuthError, Codes
+from synapse.rest import admin
+from synapse.rest.client.v1 import login, room
+
+from tests import unittest
+
+
+class FederationTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
+    servlets = [
+        admin.register_servlets,
+        login.register_servlets,
+        room.register_servlets,
+    ]
+
+    def make_homeserver(self, reactor, clock):
+        hs = self.setup_test_homeserver(http_client=None)
+        self.handler = hs.get_handlers().federation_handler
+        self.store = hs.get_datastore()
+        return hs
+
+    def test_exchange_revoked_invite(self):
+        user_id = self.register_user("kermit", "test")
+        tok = self.login("kermit", "test")
+
+        room_id = self.helper.create_room_as(
+            room_creator=user_id, tok=tok
+        )
+
+        # Send a 3PID invite event with an empty body so it's considered as a revoked one.
+        invite_token = "sometoken"
+        self.helper.send_state(
+            room_id=room_id,
+            event_type=EventTypes.ThirdPartyInvite,
+            state_key=invite_token,
+            body={},
+            tok=tok,
+        )
+
+        d = self.handler.on_exchange_third_party_invite_request(
+            room_id=room_id,
+            event_dict={
+                "type": EventTypes.Member,
+                "room_id": room_id,
+                "sender": user_id,
+                "state_key": "@someone:example.org",
+                "content": {
+                    "membership": "invite",
+                    "third_party_invite": {
+                        "display_name": "alice",
+                        "signed": {
+                            "mxid": "@alice:localhost",
+                            "token": invite_token,
+                            "signatures": {
+                                "magic.forest": {
+                                    "ed25519:3": "fQpGIW1Snz+pwLZu6sTy2aHy/DYWWTspTJRPyNp0PKkymfIsNffysMl6ObMMFdIJhk6g6pwlIqZ54rxo8SLmAg"
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        )
+
+        failure = self.get_failure(d, AuthError).value
+
+        self.assertEqual(failure.code, 403, failure)
+        self.assertEqual(failure.errcode, Codes.FORBIDDEN, failure)
+        self.assertEqual(failure.msg, "You are not invited to this room.")
-- 
cgit 1.5.1


From ebcb6a30d7b1bdb859a1fd22d567b163a1488763 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Brendan Abolivier <babolivier@matrix.org>
Date: Thu, 3 Oct 2019 11:29:07 +0100
Subject: Lint

---
 tests/handlers/test_federation.py | 10 +++++-----
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

(limited to 'tests/handlers')

diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_federation.py b/tests/handlers/test_federation.py
index 20416a0142..a18dfc0e96 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_federation.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_federation.py
@@ -69,11 +69,11 @@ class FederationTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
                                 "magic.forest": {
                                     "ed25519:3": "fQpGIW1Snz+pwLZu6sTy2aHy/DYWWTspTJRPyNp0PKkymfIsNffysMl6ObMMFdIJhk6g6pwlIqZ54rxo8SLmAg"
                                 }
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
+                            },
+                        },
+                    },
+                },
+            },
         )
 
         failure = self.get_failure(d, AuthError).value
-- 
cgit 1.5.1


From 8a5e8e829b98687ea274fae47db3aa801b6f97d3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Brendan Abolivier <babolivier@matrix.org>
Date: Thu, 3 Oct 2019 11:30:43 +0100
Subject: Lint (again)

---
 tests/handlers/test_federation.py | 4 +---
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 3 deletions(-)

(limited to 'tests/handlers')

diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_federation.py b/tests/handlers/test_federation.py
index a18dfc0e96..d56220f403 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_federation.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_federation.py
@@ -37,9 +37,7 @@ class FederationTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         user_id = self.register_user("kermit", "test")
         tok = self.login("kermit", "test")
 
-        room_id = self.helper.create_room_as(
-            room_creator=user_id, tok=tok
-        )
+        room_id = self.helper.create_room_as(room_creator=user_id, tok=tok)
 
         # Send a 3PID invite event with an empty body so it's considered as a revoked one.
         invite_token = "sometoken"
-- 
cgit 1.5.1


From 4535a07f4af0854eed0cfd171e4032bdd3f39cbb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Hubert Chathi <hubert@uhoreg.ca>
Date: Wed, 9 Oct 2019 17:54:03 -0400
Subject: make version optional in body of e2e backup version update

to agree with latest version of the MSC
---
 synapse/handlers/e2e_room_keys.py         |  4 +--
 synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/room_keys.py |  2 +-
 tests/handlers/test_e2e_room_keys.py      | 47 ++++++++++++++++++++-----------
 3 files changed, 34 insertions(+), 19 deletions(-)

(limited to 'tests/handlers')

diff --git a/synapse/handlers/e2e_room_keys.py b/synapse/handlers/e2e_room_keys.py
index a9d80f708c..0cea445f0d 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/e2e_room_keys.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/e2e_room_keys.py
@@ -352,8 +352,8 @@ class E2eRoomKeysHandler(object):
             A deferred of an empty dict.
         """
         if "version" not in version_info:
-            raise SynapseError(400, "Missing version in body", Codes.MISSING_PARAM)
-        if version_info["version"] != version:
+            version_info["version"] = version
+        elif version_info["version"] != version:
             raise SynapseError(
                 400, "Version in body does not match", Codes.INVALID_PARAM
             )
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/room_keys.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/room_keys.py
index df4f44cd36..d596786430 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/room_keys.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/room_keys.py
@@ -375,7 +375,7 @@ class RoomKeysVersionServlet(RestServlet):
                     "ed25519:something": "hijklmnop"
                 }
             },
-            "version": "42"
+            "version": "12345"
         }
 
         HTTP/1.1 200 OK
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_e2e_room_keys.py b/tests/handlers/test_e2e_room_keys.py
index c4503c1611..c700a2fad1 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_e2e_room_keys.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_e2e_room_keys.py
@@ -187,9 +187,8 @@ class E2eRoomKeysHandlerTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(res, 404)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def test_update_bad_version(self):
-        """Check that we get a 400 if the version in the body is missing or
-        doesn't match
+    def test_update_missing_version(self):
+        """Check that the update succeeds if the version is missing from the body
         """
         version = yield self.handler.create_version(
             self.local_user,
@@ -197,19 +196,35 @@ class E2eRoomKeysHandlerTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         )
         self.assertEqual(version, "1")
 
-        res = None
-        try:
-            yield self.handler.update_version(
-                self.local_user,
-                version,
-                {
-                    "algorithm": "m.megolm_backup.v1",
-                    "auth_data": "revised_first_version_auth_data",
-                },
-            )
-        except errors.SynapseError as e:
-            res = e.code
-        self.assertEqual(res, 400)
+        yield self.handler.update_version(
+            self.local_user,
+            version,
+            {
+                "algorithm": "m.megolm_backup.v1",
+                "auth_data": "revised_first_version_auth_data",
+            },
+        )
+
+        # check we can retrieve it as the current version
+        res = yield self.handler.get_version_info(self.local_user)
+        self.assertDictEqual(
+            res,
+            {
+                "algorithm": "m.megolm_backup.v1",
+                "auth_data": "revised_first_version_auth_data",
+                "version": version,
+            },
+        )
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def test_update_bad_version(self):
+        """Check that we get a 400 if the version in the body doesn't match
+        """
+        version = yield self.handler.create_version(
+            self.local_user,
+            {"algorithm": "m.megolm_backup.v1", "auth_data": "first_version_auth_data"},
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(version, "1")
 
         res = None
         try:
-- 
cgit 1.5.1


From a139420a3cfda6a4a4ee4750611b31dd71fc33f3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Richard van der Hoff <1389908+richvdh@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 10 Oct 2019 11:29:01 +0100
Subject: Fix races in room stats (and other) updates. (#6187)

Hopefully this will fix the occasional failures we were seeing in the room directory.

The problem was that events are not necessarily persisted (and `current_state_delta_stream` updated) in the same order as their stream_id. So for instance current_state_delta 9 might be persisted *before* current_state_delta 8. Then, when the room stats saw stream_id 9, it assumed it had done everything up to 9, and never came back to do stream_id 8.

We can solve this easily by only processing up to the stream_id where we know all events have been persisted.
---
 changelog.d/6187.bugfix            |  1 +
 synapse/handlers/presence.py       | 16 ++++++++++++----
 synapse/handlers/stats.py          | 12 +++++++-----
 synapse/handlers/user_directory.py | 17 ++++++++++++-----
 synapse/storage/state_deltas.py    | 38 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++---------
 tests/handlers/test_typing.py      |  2 +-
 tests/rest/admin/test_admin.py     |  2 +-
 7 files changed, 63 insertions(+), 25 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 changelog.d/6187.bugfix

(limited to 'tests/handlers')

diff --git a/changelog.d/6187.bugfix b/changelog.d/6187.bugfix
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6142c5b98d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/6187.bugfix
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Fix occasional missed updates in the room and user directories.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/presence.py b/synapse/handlers/presence.py
index 053cf66b28..2a5f1a007d 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/presence.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/presence.py
@@ -803,17 +803,25 @@ class PresenceHandler(object):
         # Loop round handling deltas until we're up to date
         while True:
             with Measure(self.clock, "presence_delta"):
-                deltas = yield self.store.get_current_state_deltas(self._event_pos)
-                if not deltas:
+                room_max_stream_ordering = self.store.get_room_max_stream_ordering()
+                if self._event_pos == room_max_stream_ordering:
                     return
 
+                logger.debug(
+                    "Processing presence stats %s->%s",
+                    self._event_pos,
+                    room_max_stream_ordering,
+                )
+                max_pos, deltas = yield self.store.get_current_state_deltas(
+                    self._event_pos, room_max_stream_ordering
+                )
                 yield self._handle_state_delta(deltas)
 
-                self._event_pos = deltas[-1]["stream_id"]
+                self._event_pos = max_pos
 
                 # Expose current event processing position to prometheus
                 synapse.metrics.event_processing_positions.labels("presence").set(
-                    self._event_pos
+                    max_pos
                 )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/stats.py b/synapse/handlers/stats.py
index c62b113115..466daf9202 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/stats.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/stats.py
@@ -87,21 +87,23 @@ class StatsHandler(StateDeltasHandler):
             # Be sure to read the max stream_ordering *before* checking if there are any outstanding
             # deltas, since there is otherwise a chance that we could miss updates which arrive
             # after we check the deltas.
-            room_max_stream_ordering = yield self.store.get_room_max_stream_ordering()
+            room_max_stream_ordering = self.store.get_room_max_stream_ordering()
             if self.pos == room_max_stream_ordering:
                 break
 
-            deltas = yield self.store.get_current_state_deltas(self.pos)
+            logger.debug(
+                "Processing room stats %s->%s", self.pos, room_max_stream_ordering
+            )
+            max_pos, deltas = yield self.store.get_current_state_deltas(
+                self.pos, room_max_stream_ordering
+            )
 
             if deltas:
                 logger.debug("Handling %d state deltas", len(deltas))
                 room_deltas, user_deltas = yield self._handle_deltas(deltas)
-
-                max_pos = deltas[-1]["stream_id"]
             else:
                 room_deltas = {}
                 user_deltas = {}
-                max_pos = room_max_stream_ordering
 
             # Then count deltas for total_events and total_event_bytes.
             room_count, user_count = yield self.store.get_changes_room_total_events_and_bytes(
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/user_directory.py b/synapse/handlers/user_directory.py
index e53669e40d..624f05ab5b 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/user_directory.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/user_directory.py
@@ -138,21 +138,28 @@ class UserDirectoryHandler(StateDeltasHandler):
         # Loop round handling deltas until we're up to date
         while True:
             with Measure(self.clock, "user_dir_delta"):
-                deltas = yield self.store.get_current_state_deltas(self.pos)
-                if not deltas:
+                room_max_stream_ordering = self.store.get_room_max_stream_ordering()
+                if self.pos == room_max_stream_ordering:
                     return
 
+                logger.debug(
+                    "Processing user stats %s->%s", self.pos, room_max_stream_ordering
+                )
+                max_pos, deltas = yield self.store.get_current_state_deltas(
+                    self.pos, room_max_stream_ordering
+                )
+
                 logger.info("Handling %d state deltas", len(deltas))
                 yield self._handle_deltas(deltas)
 
-                self.pos = deltas[-1]["stream_id"]
+                self.pos = max_pos
 
                 # Expose current event processing position to prometheus
                 synapse.metrics.event_processing_positions.labels("user_dir").set(
-                    self.pos
+                    max_pos
                 )
 
-                yield self.store.update_user_directory_stream_pos(self.pos)
+                yield self.store.update_user_directory_stream_pos(max_pos)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _handle_deltas(self, deltas):
diff --git a/synapse/storage/state_deltas.py b/synapse/storage/state_deltas.py
index 5fdb442104..28f33ec18f 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/state_deltas.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/state_deltas.py
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
 class StateDeltasStore(SQLBaseStore):
-    def get_current_state_deltas(self, prev_stream_id):
+    def get_current_state_deltas(self, prev_stream_id: int, max_stream_id: int):
         """Fetch a list of room state changes since the given stream id
 
         Each entry in the result contains the following fields:
@@ -36,15 +36,27 @@ class StateDeltasStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
         Args:
             prev_stream_id (int): point to get changes since (exclusive)
+            max_stream_id (int): the point that we know has been correctly persisted
+               - ie, an upper limit to return changes from.
 
         Returns:
-            Deferred[list[dict]]: results
+            Deferred[tuple[int, list[dict]]: A tuple consisting of:
+               - the stream id which these results go up to
+               - list of current_state_delta_stream rows. If it is empty, we are
+                 up to date.
         """
         prev_stream_id = int(prev_stream_id)
+
+        # check we're not going backwards
+        assert prev_stream_id <= max_stream_id
+
         if not self._curr_state_delta_stream_cache.has_any_entity_changed(
             prev_stream_id
         ):
-            return []
+            # if the CSDs haven't changed between prev_stream_id and now, we
+            # know for certain that they haven't changed between prev_stream_id and
+            # max_stream_id.
+            return max_stream_id, []
 
         def get_current_state_deltas_txn(txn):
             # First we calculate the max stream id that will give us less than
@@ -54,21 +66,29 @@ class StateDeltasStore(SQLBaseStore):
             sql = """
                 SELECT stream_id, count(*)
                 FROM current_state_delta_stream
-                WHERE stream_id > ?
+                WHERE stream_id > ? AND stream_id <= ?
                 GROUP BY stream_id
                 ORDER BY stream_id ASC
                 LIMIT 100
             """
-            txn.execute(sql, (prev_stream_id,))
+            txn.execute(sql, (prev_stream_id, max_stream_id))
 
             total = 0
-            max_stream_id = prev_stream_id
-            for max_stream_id, count in txn:
+
+            for stream_id, count in txn:
                 total += count
                 if total > 100:
                     # We arbitarily limit to 100 entries to ensure we don't
                     # select toooo many.
+                    logger.debug(
+                        "Clipping current_state_delta_stream rows to stream_id %i",
+                        stream_id,
+                    )
+                    clipped_stream_id = stream_id
                     break
+            else:
+                # if there's no problem, we may as well go right up to the max_stream_id
+                clipped_stream_id = max_stream_id
 
             # Now actually get the deltas
             sql = """
@@ -77,8 +97,8 @@ class StateDeltasStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 WHERE ? < stream_id AND stream_id <= ?
                 ORDER BY stream_id ASC
             """
-            txn.execute(sql, (prev_stream_id, max_stream_id))
-            return self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
+            txn.execute(sql, (prev_stream_id, clipped_stream_id))
+            return clipped_stream_id, self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
 
         return self.runInteraction(
             "get_current_state_deltas", get_current_state_deltas_txn
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_typing.py b/tests/handlers/test_typing.py
index 1f2ef5d01f..67f1013051 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_typing.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_typing.py
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ class TypingNotificationsTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
             defer.succeed(1)
         )
 
-        self.datastore.get_current_state_deltas.return_value = None
+        self.datastore.get_current_state_deltas.return_value = (0, None)
 
         self.datastore.get_to_device_stream_token = lambda: 0
         self.datastore.get_new_device_msgs_for_remote = lambda *args, **kargs: ([], 0)
diff --git a/tests/rest/admin/test_admin.py b/tests/rest/admin/test_admin.py
index 5877bb2133..d3a4f717f7 100644
--- a/tests/rest/admin/test_admin.py
+++ b/tests/rest/admin/test_admin.py
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ class UserRegisterTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         self.device_handler.check_device_registered = Mock(return_value="FAKE")
 
         self.datastore = Mock(return_value=Mock())
-        self.datastore.get_current_state_deltas = Mock(return_value=[])
+        self.datastore.get_current_state_deltas = Mock(return_value=(0, []))
 
         self.secrets = Mock()
 
-- 
cgit 1.5.1


From 5373de6cced56c983098c82872cf17c311abdb96 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Hubert Chathi <hubert@uhoreg.ca>
Date: Thu, 10 Oct 2019 08:54:07 -0400
Subject: change test name to be unique

---
 tests/handlers/test_e2e_room_keys.py | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'tests/handlers')

diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_e2e_room_keys.py b/tests/handlers/test_e2e_room_keys.py
index c700a2fad1..0bb96674a2 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_e2e_room_keys.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_e2e_room_keys.py
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ class E2eRoomKeysHandlerTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(res, 404)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def test_update_missing_version(self):
+    def test_update_omitted_version(self):
         """Check that the update succeeds if the version is missing from the body
         """
         version = yield self.handler.create_version(
-- 
cgit 1.5.1


From 5859a5c569c03f3b7c578fe4dbf2274e37af03bb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Erik Johnston <erik@matrix.org>
Date: Fri, 18 Oct 2019 07:42:26 +0200
Subject: Fix presence timeouts when synchrotron restarts. (#6212)

* Fix presence timeouts when synchrotron restarts.

Handling timeouts would fail if there was an external process that had
timed out, e.g. a synchrotron restarting. This was due to a couple of
variable name typoes.

Fixes #3715.
---
 changelog.d/6212.bugfix         |  1 +
 synapse/handlers/presence.py    | 13 +++++++++----
 tests/handlers/test_presence.py | 39 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 tox.ini                         |  2 +-
 4 files changed, 50 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 changelog.d/6212.bugfix

(limited to 'tests/handlers')

diff --git a/changelog.d/6212.bugfix b/changelog.d/6212.bugfix
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..918755fee0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/6212.bugfix
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Fix bug where presence would not get timed out correctly if a synchrotron worker is used and restarted.
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/presence.py b/synapse/handlers/presence.py
index 2a5f1a007d..eda15bc623 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/presence.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/presence.py
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ The methods that define policy are:
 
 import logging
 from contextlib import contextmanager
+from typing import Dict, Set
 
 from six import iteritems, itervalues
 
@@ -179,8 +180,9 @@ class PresenceHandler(object):
         # we assume that all the sync requests on that process have stopped.
         # Stored as a dict from process_id to set of user_id, and a dict of
         # process_id to millisecond timestamp last updated.
-        self.external_process_to_current_syncs = {}
-        self.external_process_last_updated_ms = {}
+        self.external_process_to_current_syncs = {}  # type: Dict[int, Set[str]]
+        self.external_process_last_updated_ms = {}  # type: Dict[int, int]
+
         self.external_sync_linearizer = Linearizer(name="external_sync_linearizer")
 
         # Start a LoopingCall in 30s that fires every 5s.
@@ -349,10 +351,13 @@ class PresenceHandler(object):
             if now - last_update > EXTERNAL_PROCESS_EXPIRY
         ]
         for process_id in expired_process_ids:
+            # For each expired process drop tracking info and check the users
+            # that were syncing on that process to see if they need to be timed
+            # out.
             users_to_check.update(
-                self.external_process_last_updated_ms.pop(process_id, ())
+                self.external_process_to_current_syncs.pop(process_id, ())
             )
-            self.external_process_last_update.pop(process_id)
+            self.external_process_last_updated_ms.pop(process_id)
 
         states = [
             self.user_to_current_state.get(user_id, UserPresenceState.default(user_id))
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_presence.py b/tests/handlers/test_presence.py
index f70c6e7d65..d4293b4312 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_presence.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_presence.py
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes, Membership, PresenceState
 from synapse.events import room_version_to_event_format
 from synapse.events.builder import EventBuilder
 from synapse.handlers.presence import (
+    EXTERNAL_PROCESS_EXPIRY,
     FEDERATION_PING_INTERVAL,
     FEDERATION_TIMEOUT,
     IDLE_TIMER,
@@ -413,6 +414,44 @@ class PresenceTimeoutTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEquals(state, new_state)
 
 
+class PresenceHandlerTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
+    def prepare(self, reactor, clock, hs):
+        self.presence_handler = hs.get_presence_handler()
+        self.clock = hs.get_clock()
+
+    def test_external_process_timeout(self):
+        """Test that if an external process doesn't update the records for a while
+        we time out their syncing users presence.
+        """
+        process_id = 1
+        user_id = "@test:server"
+
+        # Notify handler that a user is now syncing.
+        self.get_success(
+            self.presence_handler.update_external_syncs_row(
+                process_id, user_id, True, self.clock.time_msec()
+            )
+        )
+
+        # Check that if we wait a while without telling the handler the user has
+        # stopped syncing that their presence state doesn't get timed out.
+        self.reactor.advance(EXTERNAL_PROCESS_EXPIRY / 2)
+
+        state = self.get_success(
+            self.presence_handler.get_state(UserID.from_string(user_id))
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(state.state, PresenceState.ONLINE)
+
+        # Check that if the external process timeout fires, then the syncing
+        # user gets timed out
+        self.reactor.advance(EXTERNAL_PROCESS_EXPIRY)
+
+        state = self.get_success(
+            self.presence_handler.get_state(UserID.from_string(user_id))
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(state.state, PresenceState.OFFLINE)
+
+
 class PresenceJoinTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
     """Tests remote servers get told about presence of users in the room when
     they join and when new local users join.
diff --git a/tox.ini b/tox.ini
index 367cc2ccf2..7ba6f6339f 100644
--- a/tox.ini
+++ b/tox.ini
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ basepython = python3.7
 skip_install = True
 deps =
     {[base]deps}
-    mypy
+    mypy==0.730
     mypy-zope
 env =
     MYPYPATH = stubs/
-- 
cgit 1.5.1


From c66a06ac6b69b0a03f5c6284ded980399e9df94e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Erik Johnston <erik@matrix.org>
Date: Mon, 21 Oct 2019 12:56:42 +0100
Subject: Move storage classes into a main "data store".

This is in preparation for having multiple data stores that offer
different functionality, e.g. splitting out state or event storage.
---
 synapse/app/event_creator.py                       |    2 +-
 synapse/app/media_repository.py                    |    2 +-
 synapse/app/synchrotron.py                         |    2 +-
 synapse/app/user_dir.py                            |    2 +-
 synapse/federation/sender/per_destination_queue.py |    2 +-
 synapse/replication/slave/storage/account_data.py  |    4 +-
 synapse/replication/slave/storage/appservice.py    |    2 +-
 synapse/replication/slave/storage/client_ips.py    |    2 +-
 synapse/replication/slave/storage/deviceinbox.py   |    2 +-
 synapse/replication/slave/storage/devices.py       |    4 +-
 synapse/replication/slave/storage/directory.py     |    2 +-
 synapse/replication/slave/storage/events.py        |   20 +-
 synapse/replication/slave/storage/filtering.py     |    2 +-
 synapse/replication/slave/storage/keys.py          |    2 +-
 synapse/replication/slave/storage/presence.py      |    2 +-
 synapse/replication/slave/storage/profile.py       |    2 +-
 synapse/replication/slave/storage/push_rule.py     |    2 +-
 synapse/replication/slave/storage/pushers.py       |    2 +-
 synapse/replication/slave/storage/receipts.py      |    2 +-
 synapse/replication/slave/storage/registration.py  |    2 +-
 synapse/replication/slave/storage/room.py          |    2 +-
 synapse/replication/slave/storage/transactions.py  |    2 +-
 synapse/storage/__init__.py                        |  504 +---
 synapse/storage/account_data.py                    |  391 ---
 synapse/storage/appservice.py                      |  368 ---
 synapse/storage/client_ips.py                      |  581 -----
 synapse/storage/data_stores/__init__.py            |   14 +
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/__init__.py       |  524 +++++
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/account_data.py   |  391 +++
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/appservice.py     |  367 +++
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/client_ips.py     |  580 +++++
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/deviceinbox.py    |  457 ++++
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/devices.py        |  937 ++++++++
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/directory.py      |  173 ++
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/e2e_room_keys.py  |  336 +++
 .../storage/data_stores/main/end_to_end_keys.py    |  322 +++
 .../storage/data_stores/main/event_federation.py   |  672 ++++++
 .../storage/data_stores/main/event_push_actions.py |  960 ++++++++
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/events.py         | 2489 ++++++++++++++++++++
 .../storage/data_stores/main/events_bg_updates.py  |  505 ++++
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/events_worker.py  |  882 +++++++
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/filtering.py      |   74 +
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/group_server.py   | 1180 ++++++++++
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/keys.py           |  214 ++
 .../storage/data_stores/main/media_repository.py   |  378 +++
 .../data_stores/main/monthly_active_users.py       |  328 +++
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/openid.py         |   31 +
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/presence.py       |  150 ++
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/profile.py        |  178 ++
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/push_rule.py      |  713 ++++++
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/pusher.py         |  371 +++
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/receipts.py       |  536 +++++
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/registration.py   | 1499 ++++++++++++
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/rejections.py     |   42 +
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/relations.py      |  385 +++
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/room.py           |  681 ++++++
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/roommember.py     | 1145 +++++++++
 .../data_stores/main/schema/delta/12/v12.sql       |   63 +
 .../data_stores/main/schema/delta/13/v13.sql       |   19 +
 .../data_stores/main/schema/delta/14/v14.sql       |   23 +
 .../main/schema/delta/15/appservice_txns.sql       |   31 +
 .../main/schema/delta/15/presence_indices.sql      |    2 +
 .../data_stores/main/schema/delta/15/v15.sql       |   24 +
 .../main/schema/delta/16/events_order_index.sql    |    4 +
 .../schema/delta/16/remote_media_cache_index.sql   |    2 +
 .../main/schema/delta/16/remove_duplicates.sql     |    9 +
 .../main/schema/delta/16/room_alias_index.sql      |    3 +
 .../main/schema/delta/16/unique_constraints.sql    |   72 +
 .../data_stores/main/schema/delta/16/users.sql     |   56 +
 .../main/schema/delta/17/drop_indexes.sql          |   18 +
 .../main/schema/delta/17/server_keys.sql           |   24 +
 .../main/schema/delta/17/user_threepids.sql        |    9 +
 .../schema/delta/18/server_keys_bigger_ints.sql    |   32 +
 .../main/schema/delta/19/event_index.sql           |   19 +
 .../data_stores/main/schema/delta/20/dummy.sql     |    1 +
 .../data_stores/main/schema/delta/20/pushers.py    |   88 +
 .../main/schema/delta/21/end_to_end_keys.sql       |   34 +
 .../data_stores/main/schema/delta/21/receipts.sql  |   38 +
 .../main/schema/delta/22/receipts_index.sql        |   22 +
 .../main/schema/delta/22/user_threepids_unique.sql |   19 +
 .../main/schema/delta/23/drop_state_index.sql      |   16 +
 .../main/schema/delta/24/stats_reporting.sql       |   18 +
 .../main/schema/delta/25/00background_updates.sql  |   21 +
 .../data_stores/main/schema/delta/25/fts.py        |   82 +
 .../main/schema/delta/25/guest_access.sql          |   25 +
 .../main/schema/delta/25/history_visibility.sql    |   25 +
 .../data_stores/main/schema/delta/25/tags.sql      |   38 +
 .../main/schema/delta/26/account_data.sql          |   17 +
 .../main/schema/delta/27/account_data.sql          |   36 +
 .../main/schema/delta/27/forgotten_memberships.sql |   26 +
 .../storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/27/ts.py |   61 +
 .../main/schema/delta/28/event_push_actions.sql    |   27 +
 .../main/schema/delta/28/events_room_stream.sql    |   20 +
 .../main/schema/delta/28/public_roms_index.sql     |   20 +
 .../schema/delta/28/receipts_user_id_index.sql     |   22 +
 .../main/schema/delta/28/upgrade_times.sql         |   21 +
 .../main/schema/delta/28/users_is_guest.sql        |   22 +
 .../main/schema/delta/29/push_actions.sql          |   35 +
 .../main/schema/delta/30/alias_creator.sql         |   16 +
 .../data_stores/main/schema/delta/30/as_users.py   |   69 +
 .../main/schema/delta/30/deleted_pushers.sql       |   25 +
 .../main/schema/delta/30/presence_stream.sql       |   30 +
 .../main/schema/delta/30/public_rooms.sql          |   23 +
 .../main/schema/delta/30/push_rule_stream.sql      |   38 +
 .../main/schema/delta/30/state_stream.sql          |   33 +
 .../delta/30/threepid_guest_access_tokens.sql      |   24 +
 .../data_stores/main/schema/delta/31/invites.sql   |   42 +
 .../delta/31/local_media_repository_url_cache.sql  |   27 +
 .../data_stores/main/schema/delta/31/pushers.py    |   87 +
 .../main/schema/delta/31/pushers_index.sql         |   22 +
 .../main/schema/delta/31/search_update.py          |   66 +
 .../data_stores/main/schema/delta/32/events.sql    |   16 +
 .../data_stores/main/schema/delta/32/openid.sql    |    9 +
 .../main/schema/delta/32/pusher_throttle.sql       |   23 +
 .../main/schema/delta/32/remove_indices.sql        |   34 +
 .../data_stores/main/schema/delta/32/reports.sql   |   25 +
 .../schema/delta/33/access_tokens_device_index.sql |   17 +
 .../data_stores/main/schema/delta/33/devices.sql   |   21 +
 .../main/schema/delta/33/devices_for_e2e_keys.sql  |   19 +
 .../devices_for_e2e_keys_clear_unknown_device.sql  |   20 +
 .../main/schema/delta/33/event_fields.py           |   61 +
 .../main/schema/delta/33/remote_media_ts.py        |   30 +
 .../main/schema/delta/33/user_ips_index.sql        |   17 +
 .../main/schema/delta/34/appservice_stream.sql     |   23 +
 .../main/schema/delta/34/cache_stream.py           |   46 +
 .../main/schema/delta/34/device_inbox.sql          |   24 +
 .../schema/delta/34/push_display_name_rename.sql   |   20 +
 .../main/schema/delta/34/received_txn_purge.py     |   32 +
 .../main/schema/delta/35/add_state_index.sql       |   17 +
 .../main/schema/delta/35/contains_url.sql          |   17 +
 .../main/schema/delta/35/device_outbox.sql         |   39 +
 .../main/schema/delta/35/device_stream_id.sql      |   21 +
 .../schema/delta/35/event_push_actions_index.sql   |   17 +
 .../delta/35/public_room_list_change_stream.sql    |   33 +
 .../data_stores/main/schema/delta/35/state.sql     |   22 +
 .../main/schema/delta/35/state_dedupe.sql          |   17 +
 .../schema/delta/35/stream_order_to_extrem.sql     |   37 +
 .../main/schema/delta/36/readd_public_rooms.sql    |   26 +
 .../main/schema/delta/37/remove_auth_idx.py        |   85 +
 .../main/schema/delta/37/user_threepids.sql        |   52 +
 .../main/schema/delta/38/postgres_fts_gist.sql     |   19 +
 .../main/schema/delta/39/appservice_room_list.sql  |   29 +
 .../delta/39/device_federation_stream_idx.sql      |   16 +
 .../main/schema/delta/39/event_push_index.sql      |   17 +
 .../schema/delta/39/federation_out_position.sql    |   22 +
 .../main/schema/delta/39/membership_profile.sql    |   20 +
 .../main/schema/delta/40/current_state_idx.sql     |   17 +
 .../main/schema/delta/40/device_inbox.sql          |   21 +
 .../main/schema/delta/40/device_list_streams.sql   |   60 +
 .../main/schema/delta/40/event_push_summary.sql    |   37 +
 .../data_stores/main/schema/delta/40/pushers.sql   |   39 +
 .../schema/delta/41/device_list_stream_idx.sql     |   17 +
 .../main/schema/delta/41/device_outbound_index.sql |   16 +
 .../schema/delta/41/event_search_event_id_idx.sql  |   17 +
 .../data_stores/main/schema/delta/41/ratelimit.sql |   22 +
 .../main/schema/delta/42/current_state_delta.sql   |   26 +
 .../main/schema/delta/42/device_list_last_id.sql   |   33 +
 .../main/schema/delta/42/event_auth_state_only.sql |   17 +
 .../data_stores/main/schema/delta/42/user_dir.py   |   84 +
 .../main/schema/delta/43/blocked_rooms.sql         |   21 +
 .../main/schema/delta/43/quarantine_media.sql      |   17 +
 .../data_stores/main/schema/delta/43/url_cache.sql |   16 +
 .../main/schema/delta/43/user_share.sql            |   33 +
 .../main/schema/delta/44/expire_url_cache.sql      |   41 +
 .../main/schema/delta/45/group_server.sql          |  167 ++
 .../main/schema/delta/45/profile_cache.sql         |   28 +
 .../main/schema/delta/46/drop_refresh_tokens.sql   |   17 +
 .../delta/46/drop_unique_deleted_pushers.sql       |   35 +
 .../main/schema/delta/46/group_server.sql          |   32 +
 .../delta/46/local_media_repository_url_idx.sql    |   24 +
 .../schema/delta/46/user_dir_null_room_ids.sql     |   35 +
 .../main/schema/delta/46/user_dir_typos.sql        |   24 +
 .../main/schema/delta/47/last_access_media.sql     |   16 +
 .../main/schema/delta/47/postgres_fts_gin.sql      |   17 +
 .../main/schema/delta/47/push_actions_staging.sql  |   28 +
 .../main/schema/delta/47/state_group_seq.py        |   34 +
 .../main/schema/delta/48/add_user_consent.sql      |   18 +
 .../delta/48/add_user_ips_last_seen_index.sql      |   17 +
 .../main/schema/delta/48/deactivated_users.sql     |   25 +
 .../main/schema/delta/48/group_unique_indexes.py   |   63 +
 .../main/schema/delta/48/groups_joinable.sql       |   22 +
 .../49/add_user_consent_server_notice_sent.sql     |   20 +
 .../main/schema/delta/49/add_user_daily_visits.sql |   21 +
 .../delta/49/add_user_ips_last_seen_only_index.sql |   17 +
 .../delta/50/add_creation_ts_users_index.sql       |   19 +
 .../main/schema/delta/50/erasure_store.sql         |   21 +
 .../schema/delta/50/make_event_content_nullable.py |   96 +
 .../main/schema/delta/51/e2e_room_keys.sql         |   39 +
 .../main/schema/delta/51/monthly_active_users.sql  |   27 +
 .../delta/52/add_event_to_state_group_index.sql    |   19 +
 .../delta/52/device_list_streams_unique_idx.sql    |   36 +
 .../main/schema/delta/52/e2e_room_keys.sql         |   53 +
 .../schema/delta/53/add_user_type_to_users.sql     |   19 +
 .../schema/delta/53/drop_sent_transactions.sql     |   16 +
 .../main/schema/delta/53/event_format_version.sql  |   16 +
 .../main/schema/delta/53/user_dir_populate.sql     |   30 +
 .../main/schema/delta/53/user_ips_index.sql        |   30 +
 .../main/schema/delta/53/user_share.sql            |   44 +
 .../main/schema/delta/53/user_threepid_id.sql      |   29 +
 .../main/schema/delta/53/users_in_public_rooms.sql |   28 +
 .../delta/54/account_validity_with_renewal.sql     |   30 +
 .../delta/54/add_validity_to_server_keys.sql       |   23 +
 .../schema/delta/54/delete_forward_extremities.sql |   23 +
 .../main/schema/delta/54/drop_legacy_tables.sql    |   30 +
 .../main/schema/delta/54/drop_presence_list.sql    |   16 +
 .../data_stores/main/schema/delta/54/relations.sql |   27 +
 .../data_stores/main/schema/delta/54/stats.sql     |   80 +
 .../data_stores/main/schema/delta/54/stats2.sql    |   28 +
 .../main/schema/delta/55/access_token_expiry.sql   |   18 +
 .../schema/delta/55/track_threepid_validations.sql |   31 +
 .../schema/delta/55/users_alter_deactivated.sql    |   19 +
 .../schema/delta/56/add_spans_to_device_lists.sql  |   20 +
 .../delta/56/current_state_events_membership.sql   |   22 +
 .../56/current_state_events_membership_mk2.sql     |   24 +
 .../schema/delta/56/destinations_failure_ts.sql    |   25 +
 .../destinations_retry_interval_type.sql.postgres  |   18 +
 .../main/schema/delta/56/devices_last_seen.sql     |   24 +
 .../schema/delta/56/drop_unused_event_tables.sql   |   20 +
 .../main/schema/delta/56/fix_room_keys_index.sql   |   18 +
 .../main/schema/delta/56/public_room_list_idx.sql  |   16 +
 .../main/schema/delta/56/redaction_censor.sql      |   17 +
 .../main/schema/delta/56/redaction_censor2.sql     |   20 +
 .../56/redaction_censor3_fix_update.sql.postgres   |   25 +
 .../main/schema/delta/56/room_membership_idx.sql   |   18 +
 .../main/schema/delta/56/stats_separated.sql       |  152 ++
 .../schema/delta/56/unique_user_filter_index.py    |   52 +
 .../main/schema/delta/56/user_external_ids.sql     |   24 +
 .../schema/delta/56/users_in_public_rooms_idx.sql  |   17 +
 .../full_schemas/16/application_services.sql       |   37 +
 .../main/schema/full_schemas/16/event_edges.sql    |   70 +
 .../schema/full_schemas/16/event_signatures.sql    |   38 +
 .../data_stores/main/schema/full_schemas/16/im.sql |  120 +
 .../main/schema/full_schemas/16/keys.sql           |   26 +
 .../schema/full_schemas/16/media_repository.sql    |   68 +
 .../main/schema/full_schemas/16/presence.sql       |   32 +
 .../main/schema/full_schemas/16/profiles.sql       |   20 +
 .../main/schema/full_schemas/16/push.sql           |   74 +
 .../main/schema/full_schemas/16/redactions.sql     |   22 +
 .../main/schema/full_schemas/16/room_aliases.sql   |   29 +
 .../main/schema/full_schemas/16/state.sql          |   40 +
 .../main/schema/full_schemas/16/transactions.sql   |   44 +
 .../main/schema/full_schemas/16/users.sql          |   42 +
 .../main/schema/full_schemas/54/full.sql.postgres  | 2035 ++++++++++++++++
 .../main/schema/full_schemas/54/full.sql.sqlite    |  259 ++
 .../schema/full_schemas/54/stream_positions.sql    |    7 +
 .../main/schema/full_schemas/README.txt            |   19 +
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/search.py         |  712 ++++++
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/signatures.py     |  101 +
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/state.py          | 1244 ++++++++++
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/state_deltas.py   |  119 +
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/stats.py          |  881 +++++++
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/stream.py         |  948 ++++++++
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/tags.py           |  265 +++
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/transactions.py   |  273 +++
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/user_directory.py |  827 +++++++
 .../storage/data_stores/main/user_erasure_store.py |   91 +
 synapse/storage/deviceinbox.py                     |  457 ----
 synapse/storage/devices.py                         |  937 --------
 synapse/storage/directory.py                       |  174 --
 synapse/storage/e2e_room_keys.py                   |  337 ---
 synapse/storage/end_to_end_keys.py                 |  323 ---
 synapse/storage/event_federation.py                |  672 ------
 synapse/storage/event_push_actions.py              |  960 --------
 synapse/storage/events.py                          | 2489 --------------------
 synapse/storage/events_bg_updates.py               |  505 ----
 synapse/storage/events_worker.py                   |  882 -------
 synapse/storage/filtering.py                       |   75 -
 synapse/storage/group_server.py                    | 1181 ----------
 synapse/storage/keys.py                            |  194 --
 synapse/storage/media_repository.py                |  378 ---
 synapse/storage/monthly_active_users.py            |  329 ---
 synapse/storage/openid.py                          |   31 -
 synapse/storage/presence.py                        |  134 --
 synapse/storage/profile.py                         |  179 --
 synapse/storage/push_rule.py                       |  698 ------
 synapse/storage/pusher.py                          |  372 ---
 synapse/storage/receipts.py                        |  536 -----
 synapse/storage/registration.py                    | 1499 ------------
 synapse/storage/rejections.py                      |   42 -
 synapse/storage/relations.py                       |  359 ---
 synapse/storage/room.py                            |  681 ------
 synapse/storage/roommember.py                      | 1119 ---------
 synapse/storage/schema/delta/12/v12.sql            |   63 -
 synapse/storage/schema/delta/13/v13.sql            |   19 -
 synapse/storage/schema/delta/14/v14.sql            |   23 -
 .../storage/schema/delta/15/appservice_txns.sql    |   31 -
 .../storage/schema/delta/15/presence_indices.sql   |    2 -
 synapse/storage/schema/delta/15/v15.sql            |   24 -
 .../storage/schema/delta/16/events_order_index.sql |    4 -
 .../schema/delta/16/remote_media_cache_index.sql   |    2 -
 .../storage/schema/delta/16/remove_duplicates.sql  |    9 -
 .../storage/schema/delta/16/room_alias_index.sql   |    3 -
 .../storage/schema/delta/16/unique_constraints.sql |   72 -
 synapse/storage/schema/delta/16/users.sql          |   56 -
 synapse/storage/schema/delta/17/drop_indexes.sql   |   18 -
 synapse/storage/schema/delta/17/server_keys.sql    |   24 -
 synapse/storage/schema/delta/17/user_threepids.sql |    9 -
 .../schema/delta/18/server_keys_bigger_ints.sql    |   32 -
 synapse/storage/schema/delta/19/event_index.sql    |   19 -
 synapse/storage/schema/delta/20/dummy.sql          |    1 -
 synapse/storage/schema/delta/20/pushers.py         |   88 -
 .../storage/schema/delta/21/end_to_end_keys.sql    |   34 -
 synapse/storage/schema/delta/21/receipts.sql       |   38 -
 synapse/storage/schema/delta/22/receipts_index.sql |   22 -
 .../schema/delta/22/user_threepids_unique.sql      |   19 -
 .../storage/schema/delta/23/drop_state_index.sql   |   16 -
 .../storage/schema/delta/24/stats_reporting.sql    |   18 -
 synapse/storage/schema/delta/25/fts.py             |   82 -
 synapse/storage/schema/delta/25/guest_access.sql   |   25 -
 .../storage/schema/delta/25/history_visibility.sql |   25 -
 synapse/storage/schema/delta/25/tags.sql           |   38 -
 synapse/storage/schema/delta/26/account_data.sql   |   17 -
 synapse/storage/schema/delta/27/account_data.sql   |   36 -
 .../schema/delta/27/forgotten_memberships.sql      |   26 -
 synapse/storage/schema/delta/27/ts.py              |   61 -
 .../storage/schema/delta/28/event_push_actions.sql |   27 -
 .../storage/schema/delta/28/events_room_stream.sql |   20 -
 .../storage/schema/delta/28/public_roms_index.sql  |   20 -
 .../schema/delta/28/receipts_user_id_index.sql     |   22 -
 synapse/storage/schema/delta/28/upgrade_times.sql  |   21 -
 synapse/storage/schema/delta/28/users_is_guest.sql |   22 -
 synapse/storage/schema/delta/29/push_actions.sql   |   35 -
 synapse/storage/schema/delta/30/alias_creator.sql  |   16 -
 synapse/storage/schema/delta/30/as_users.py        |   69 -
 .../storage/schema/delta/30/deleted_pushers.sql    |   25 -
 .../storage/schema/delta/30/presence_stream.sql    |   30 -
 synapse/storage/schema/delta/30/public_rooms.sql   |   23 -
 .../storage/schema/delta/30/push_rule_stream.sql   |   38 -
 synapse/storage/schema/delta/30/state_stream.sql   |   33 -
 .../delta/30/threepid_guest_access_tokens.sql      |   24 -
 synapse/storage/schema/delta/31/invites.sql        |   42 -
 .../delta/31/local_media_repository_url_cache.sql  |   27 -
 synapse/storage/schema/delta/31/pushers.py         |   87 -
 synapse/storage/schema/delta/31/pushers_index.sql  |   22 -
 synapse/storage/schema/delta/31/search_update.py   |   66 -
 synapse/storage/schema/delta/32/events.sql         |   16 -
 synapse/storage/schema/delta/32/openid.sql         |    9 -
 .../storage/schema/delta/32/pusher_throttle.sql    |   23 -
 synapse/storage/schema/delta/32/remove_indices.sql |   34 -
 synapse/storage/schema/delta/32/reports.sql        |   25 -
 .../schema/delta/33/access_tokens_device_index.sql |   17 -
 synapse/storage/schema/delta/33/devices.sql        |   21 -
 .../schema/delta/33/devices_for_e2e_keys.sql       |   19 -
 .../devices_for_e2e_keys_clear_unknown_device.sql  |   20 -
 synapse/storage/schema/delta/33/event_fields.py    |   61 -
 synapse/storage/schema/delta/33/remote_media_ts.py |   30 -
 synapse/storage/schema/delta/33/user_ips_index.sql |   17 -
 .../storage/schema/delta/34/appservice_stream.sql  |   23 -
 synapse/storage/schema/delta/34/cache_stream.py    |   46 -
 synapse/storage/schema/delta/34/device_inbox.sql   |   24 -
 .../schema/delta/34/push_display_name_rename.sql   |   20 -
 .../storage/schema/delta/34/received_txn_purge.py  |   32 -
 .../delta/35/00background_updates_add_col.sql      |   17 +
 .../storage/schema/delta/35/add_state_index.sql    |   20 -
 synapse/storage/schema/delta/35/contains_url.sql   |   17 -
 synapse/storage/schema/delta/35/device_outbox.sql  |   39 -
 .../storage/schema/delta/35/device_stream_id.sql   |   21 -
 .../schema/delta/35/event_push_actions_index.sql   |   17 -
 .../delta/35/public_room_list_change_stream.sql    |   33 -
 synapse/storage/schema/delta/35/state.sql          |   22 -
 synapse/storage/schema/delta/35/state_dedupe.sql   |   17 -
 .../schema/delta/35/stream_order_to_extrem.sql     |   37 -
 .../storage/schema/delta/36/readd_public_rooms.sql |   26 -
 synapse/storage/schema/delta/37/remove_auth_idx.py |   85 -
 synapse/storage/schema/delta/37/user_threepids.sql |   52 -
 .../storage/schema/delta/38/postgres_fts_gist.sql  |   19 -
 .../schema/delta/39/appservice_room_list.sql       |   29 -
 .../delta/39/device_federation_stream_idx.sql      |   16 -
 .../storage/schema/delta/39/event_push_index.sql   |   17 -
 .../schema/delta/39/federation_out_position.sql    |   22 -
 .../storage/schema/delta/39/membership_profile.sql |   20 -
 .../storage/schema/delta/40/current_state_idx.sql  |   17 -
 synapse/storage/schema/delta/40/device_inbox.sql   |   21 -
 .../schema/delta/40/device_list_streams.sql        |   60 -
 .../storage/schema/delta/40/event_push_summary.sql |   37 -
 synapse/storage/schema/delta/40/pushers.sql        |   39 -
 .../schema/delta/41/device_list_stream_idx.sql     |   17 -
 .../schema/delta/41/device_outbound_index.sql      |   16 -
 .../schema/delta/41/event_search_event_id_idx.sql  |   17 -
 synapse/storage/schema/delta/41/ratelimit.sql      |   22 -
 .../schema/delta/42/current_state_delta.sql        |   26 -
 .../schema/delta/42/device_list_last_id.sql        |   33 -
 .../schema/delta/42/event_auth_state_only.sql      |   17 -
 synapse/storage/schema/delta/42/user_dir.py        |   84 -
 synapse/storage/schema/delta/43/blocked_rooms.sql  |   21 -
 .../storage/schema/delta/43/quarantine_media.sql   |   17 -
 synapse/storage/schema/delta/43/url_cache.sql      |   16 -
 synapse/storage/schema/delta/43/user_share.sql     |   33 -
 .../storage/schema/delta/44/expire_url_cache.sql   |   41 -
 synapse/storage/schema/delta/45/group_server.sql   |  167 --
 synapse/storage/schema/delta/45/profile_cache.sql  |   28 -
 .../schema/delta/46/drop_refresh_tokens.sql        |   17 -
 .../delta/46/drop_unique_deleted_pushers.sql       |   35 -
 synapse/storage/schema/delta/46/group_server.sql   |   32 -
 .../delta/46/local_media_repository_url_idx.sql    |   24 -
 .../schema/delta/46/user_dir_null_room_ids.sql     |   35 -
 synapse/storage/schema/delta/46/user_dir_typos.sql |   24 -
 .../storage/schema/delta/47/last_access_media.sql  |   16 -
 .../storage/schema/delta/47/postgres_fts_gin.sql   |   17 -
 .../schema/delta/47/push_actions_staging.sql       |   28 -
 synapse/storage/schema/delta/47/state_group_seq.py |   34 -
 .../storage/schema/delta/48/add_user_consent.sql   |   18 -
 .../delta/48/add_user_ips_last_seen_index.sql      |   17 -
 .../storage/schema/delta/48/deactivated_users.sql  |   25 -
 .../schema/delta/48/group_unique_indexes.py        |   63 -
 .../storage/schema/delta/48/groups_joinable.sql    |   22 -
 .../49/add_user_consent_server_notice_sent.sql     |   20 -
 .../schema/delta/49/add_user_daily_visits.sql      |   21 -
 .../delta/49/add_user_ips_last_seen_only_index.sql |   17 -
 .../delta/50/add_creation_ts_users_index.sql       |   19 -
 synapse/storage/schema/delta/50/erasure_store.sql  |   21 -
 .../schema/delta/50/make_event_content_nullable.py |   96 -
 synapse/storage/schema/delta/51/e2e_room_keys.sql  |   39 -
 .../schema/delta/51/monthly_active_users.sql       |   27 -
 .../delta/52/add_event_to_state_group_index.sql    |   19 -
 .../delta/52/device_list_streams_unique_idx.sql    |   36 -
 synapse/storage/schema/delta/52/e2e_room_keys.sql  |   53 -
 .../schema/delta/53/add_user_type_to_users.sql     |   19 -
 .../schema/delta/53/drop_sent_transactions.sql     |   16 -
 .../schema/delta/53/event_format_version.sql       |   16 -
 .../storage/schema/delta/53/user_dir_populate.sql  |   30 -
 synapse/storage/schema/delta/53/user_ips_index.sql |   30 -
 synapse/storage/schema/delta/53/user_share.sql     |   44 -
 .../storage/schema/delta/53/user_threepid_id.sql   |   29 -
 .../schema/delta/53/users_in_public_rooms.sql      |   28 -
 .../delta/54/account_validity_with_renewal.sql     |   30 -
 .../delta/54/add_validity_to_server_keys.sql       |   23 -
 .../schema/delta/54/delete_forward_extremities.sql |   23 -
 .../storage/schema/delta/54/drop_legacy_tables.sql |   30 -
 .../storage/schema/delta/54/drop_presence_list.sql |   16 -
 synapse/storage/schema/delta/54/relations.sql      |   27 -
 synapse/storage/schema/delta/54/stats.sql          |   80 -
 synapse/storage/schema/delta/54/stats2.sql         |   28 -
 .../schema/delta/55/access_token_expiry.sql        |   18 -
 .../schema/delta/55/track_threepid_validations.sql |   31 -
 .../schema/delta/55/users_alter_deactivated.sql    |   19 -
 .../schema/delta/56/add_spans_to_device_lists.sql  |   20 -
 .../delta/56/current_state_events_membership.sql   |   22 -
 .../56/current_state_events_membership_mk2.sql     |   24 -
 .../schema/delta/56/destinations_failure_ts.sql    |   25 -
 .../destinations_retry_interval_type.sql.postgres  |   18 -
 .../storage/schema/delta/56/devices_last_seen.sql  |   24 -
 .../schema/delta/56/drop_unused_event_tables.sql   |   20 -
 .../schema/delta/56/fix_room_keys_index.sql        |   18 -
 .../schema/delta/56/public_room_list_idx.sql       |   16 -
 .../storage/schema/delta/56/redaction_censor.sql   |   17 -
 .../storage/schema/delta/56/redaction_censor2.sql  |   20 -
 .../56/redaction_censor3_fix_update.sql.postgres   |   25 -
 .../schema/delta/56/room_membership_idx.sql        |   18 -
 .../storage/schema/delta/56/stats_separated.sql    |  152 --
 .../schema/delta/56/unique_user_filter_index.py    |   52 -
 .../storage/schema/delta/56/user_external_ids.sql  |   24 -
 .../schema/delta/56/users_in_public_rooms_idx.sql  |   17 -
 .../full_schemas/16/application_services.sql       |   37 -
 .../storage/schema/full_schemas/16/event_edges.sql |   70 -
 .../schema/full_schemas/16/event_signatures.sql    |   38 -
 synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/16/im.sql      |  120 -
 synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/16/keys.sql    |   26 -
 .../schema/full_schemas/16/media_repository.sql    |   68 -
 .../storage/schema/full_schemas/16/presence.sql    |   32 -
 .../storage/schema/full_schemas/16/profiles.sql    |   20 -
 synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/16/push.sql    |   74 -
 .../storage/schema/full_schemas/16/redactions.sql  |   22 -
 .../schema/full_schemas/16/room_aliases.sql        |   29 -
 synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/16/state.sql   |   40 -
 .../schema/full_schemas/16/transactions.sql        |   44 -
 synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/16/users.sql   |   42 -
 synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/54/full.sql    |    8 +
 .../schema/full_schemas/54/full.sql.postgres       | 2052 ----------------
 .../storage/schema/full_schemas/54/full.sql.sqlite |  260 --
 .../schema/full_schemas/54/stream_positions.sql    |    7 -
 synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/README.txt     |   19 -
 synapse/storage/search.py                          |  713 ------
 synapse/storage/signatures.py                      |  102 -
 synapse/storage/state.py                           | 1221 ----------
 synapse/storage/state_deltas.py                    |  119 -
 synapse/storage/stats.py                           |  881 -------
 synapse/storage/stream.py                          |  948 --------
 synapse/storage/tags.py                            |  265 ---
 synapse/storage/transactions.py                    |  274 ---
 synapse/storage/user_directory.py                  |  827 -------
 synapse/storage/user_erasure_store.py              |   91 -
 tests/handlers/test_stats.py                       |    8 +-
 tests/storage/test_appservice.py                   |    2 +-
 tests/storage/test_cleanup_extrems.py              |    2 +
 tests/storage/test_profile.py                      |    2 +-
 tests/storage/test_user_directory.py               |    2 +-
 487 files changed, 31168 insertions(+), 30990 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/account_data.py
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/appservice.py
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/client_ips.py
 create mode 100644 synapse/storage/data_stores/__init__.py
 create mode 100644 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/__init__.py
 create mode 100644 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/account_data.py
 create mode 100644 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/appservice.py
 create mode 100644 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/client_ips.py
 create mode 100644 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/deviceinbox.py
 create mode 100644 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/devices.py
 create mode 100644 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/directory.py
 create mode 100644 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/e2e_room_keys.py
 create mode 100644 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/end_to_end_keys.py
 create mode 100644 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/event_federation.py
 create mode 100644 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/event_push_actions.py
 create mode 100644 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/events.py
 create mode 100644 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/events_bg_updates.py
 create mode 100644 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/events_worker.py
 create mode 100644 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/filtering.py
 create mode 100644 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/group_server.py
 create mode 100644 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/keys.py
 create mode 100644 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/media_repository.py
 create mode 100644 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/monthly_active_users.py
 create mode 100644 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/openid.py
 create mode 100644 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/presence.py
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 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/33/devices_for_e2e_keys.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/33/devices_for_e2e_keys_clear_unknown_device.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/33/event_fields.py
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/33/remote_media_ts.py
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/33/user_ips_index.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/34/appservice_stream.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/34/cache_stream.py
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/34/device_inbox.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/34/push_display_name_rename.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/34/received_txn_purge.py
 create mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/35/00background_updates_add_col.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/35/add_state_index.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/35/contains_url.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/35/device_outbox.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/35/device_stream_id.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/35/event_push_actions_index.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/35/public_room_list_change_stream.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/35/state.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/35/state_dedupe.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/35/stream_order_to_extrem.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/36/readd_public_rooms.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/37/remove_auth_idx.py
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/37/user_threepids.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/38/postgres_fts_gist.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/39/appservice_room_list.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/39/device_federation_stream_idx.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/39/event_push_index.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/39/federation_out_position.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/39/membership_profile.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/40/current_state_idx.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/40/device_inbox.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/40/device_list_streams.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/40/event_push_summary.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/40/pushers.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/41/device_list_stream_idx.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/41/device_outbound_index.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/41/event_search_event_id_idx.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/41/ratelimit.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/42/current_state_delta.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/42/device_list_last_id.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/42/event_auth_state_only.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/42/user_dir.py
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/43/blocked_rooms.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/43/quarantine_media.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/43/url_cache.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/43/user_share.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/44/expire_url_cache.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/45/group_server.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/45/profile_cache.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/46/drop_refresh_tokens.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/46/drop_unique_deleted_pushers.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/46/group_server.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/46/local_media_repository_url_idx.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/46/user_dir_null_room_ids.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/46/user_dir_typos.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/47/last_access_media.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/47/postgres_fts_gin.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/47/push_actions_staging.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/47/state_group_seq.py
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/48/add_user_consent.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/48/add_user_ips_last_seen_index.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/48/deactivated_users.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/48/group_unique_indexes.py
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/48/groups_joinable.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/49/add_user_consent_server_notice_sent.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/49/add_user_daily_visits.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/49/add_user_ips_last_seen_only_index.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/50/add_creation_ts_users_index.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/50/erasure_store.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/50/make_event_content_nullable.py
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/51/e2e_room_keys.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/51/monthly_active_users.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/52/add_event_to_state_group_index.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/52/device_list_streams_unique_idx.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/52/e2e_room_keys.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/53/add_user_type_to_users.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/53/drop_sent_transactions.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/53/event_format_version.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/53/user_dir_populate.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/53/user_ips_index.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/53/user_share.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/53/user_threepid_id.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/53/users_in_public_rooms.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/54/account_validity_with_renewal.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/54/add_validity_to_server_keys.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/54/delete_forward_extremities.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/54/drop_legacy_tables.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/54/drop_presence_list.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/54/relations.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/54/stats.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/54/stats2.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/55/access_token_expiry.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/55/track_threepid_validations.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/55/users_alter_deactivated.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/56/add_spans_to_device_lists.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/56/current_state_events_membership.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/56/current_state_events_membership_mk2.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/56/destinations_failure_ts.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/56/destinations_retry_interval_type.sql.postgres
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/56/devices_last_seen.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/56/drop_unused_event_tables.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/56/fix_room_keys_index.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/56/public_room_list_idx.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/56/redaction_censor.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/56/redaction_censor2.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/56/redaction_censor3_fix_update.sql.postgres
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/56/room_membership_idx.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/56/stats_separated.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/56/unique_user_filter_index.py
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/56/user_external_ids.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/56/users_in_public_rooms_idx.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/16/application_services.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/16/event_edges.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/16/event_signatures.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/16/im.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/16/keys.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/16/media_repository.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/16/presence.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/16/profiles.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/16/push.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/16/redactions.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/16/room_aliases.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/16/state.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/16/transactions.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/16/users.sql
 create mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/54/full.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/54/full.sql.postgres
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/54/full.sql.sqlite
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/54/stream_positions.sql
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/README.txt
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/search.py
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/signatures.py
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/state_deltas.py
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/stats.py
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/stream.py
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/tags.py
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/transactions.py
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/user_directory.py
 delete mode 100644 synapse/storage/user_erasure_store.py

(limited to 'tests/handlers')

diff --git a/synapse/app/event_creator.py b/synapse/app/event_creator.py
index c67fe69a50..f20d810ece 100644
--- a/synapse/app/event_creator.py
+++ b/synapse/app/event_creator.py
@@ -56,8 +56,8 @@ from synapse.rest.client.v1.room import (
     RoomStateEventRestServlet,
 )
 from synapse.server import HomeServer
+from synapse.storage.data_stores.main.user_directory import UserDirectoryStore
 from synapse.storage.engines import create_engine
-from synapse.storage.user_directory import UserDirectoryStore
 from synapse.util.httpresourcetree import create_resource_tree
 from synapse.util.manhole import manhole
 from synapse.util.versionstring import get_version_string
diff --git a/synapse/app/media_repository.py b/synapse/app/media_repository.py
index 2ac783ffa3..6bc7202f33 100644
--- a/synapse/app/media_repository.py
+++ b/synapse/app/media_repository.py
@@ -39,8 +39,8 @@ from synapse.replication.tcp.client import ReplicationClientHandler
 from synapse.rest.admin import register_servlets_for_media_repo
 from synapse.rest.media.v0.content_repository import ContentRepoResource
 from synapse.server import HomeServer
+from synapse.storage.data_stores.main.media_repository import MediaRepositoryStore
 from synapse.storage.engines import create_engine
-from synapse.storage.media_repository import MediaRepositoryStore
 from synapse.util.httpresourcetree import create_resource_tree
 from synapse.util.manhole import manhole
 from synapse.util.versionstring import get_version_string
diff --git a/synapse/app/synchrotron.py b/synapse/app/synchrotron.py
index 473026fce5..6a7e2fa707 100644
--- a/synapse/app/synchrotron.py
+++ b/synapse/app/synchrotron.py
@@ -54,8 +54,8 @@ from synapse.rest.client.v1.initial_sync import InitialSyncRestServlet
 from synapse.rest.client.v1.room import RoomInitialSyncRestServlet
 from synapse.rest.client.v2_alpha import sync
 from synapse.server import HomeServer
+from synapse.storage.data_stores.main.presence import UserPresenceState
 from synapse.storage.engines import create_engine
-from synapse.storage.presence import UserPresenceState
 from synapse.util.httpresourcetree import create_resource_tree
 from synapse.util.manhole import manhole
 from synapse.util.stringutils import random_string
diff --git a/synapse/app/user_dir.py b/synapse/app/user_dir.py
index e01afb39f2..a5d6dc7915 100644
--- a/synapse/app/user_dir.py
+++ b/synapse/app/user_dir.py
@@ -42,8 +42,8 @@ from synapse.replication.tcp.streams.events import (
 )
 from synapse.rest.client.v2_alpha import user_directory
 from synapse.server import HomeServer
+from synapse.storage.data_stores.main.user_directory import UserDirectoryStore
 from synapse.storage.engines import create_engine
-from synapse.storage.user_directory import UserDirectoryStore
 from synapse.util.caches.stream_change_cache import StreamChangeCache
 from synapse.util.httpresourcetree import create_resource_tree
 from synapse.util.manhole import manhole
diff --git a/synapse/federation/sender/per_destination_queue.py b/synapse/federation/sender/per_destination_queue.py
index fad980b893..cc75c39476 100644
--- a/synapse/federation/sender/per_destination_queue.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/sender/per_destination_queue.py
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ from synapse.federation.units import Edu
 from synapse.handlers.presence import format_user_presence_state
 from synapse.metrics import sent_transactions_counter
 from synapse.metrics.background_process_metrics import run_as_background_process
-from synapse.storage import UserPresenceState
+from synapse.storage.presence import UserPresenceState
 from synapse.util.retryutils import NotRetryingDestination, get_retry_limiter
 
 # This is defined in the Matrix spec and enforced by the receiver.
diff --git a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/account_data.py b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/account_data.py
index 3c44d1d48d..bc2f6a12ae 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/account_data.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/account_data.py
@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@
 
 from synapse.replication.slave.storage._base import BaseSlavedStore
 from synapse.replication.slave.storage._slaved_id_tracker import SlavedIdTracker
-from synapse.storage.account_data import AccountDataWorkerStore
-from synapse.storage.tags import TagsWorkerStore
+from synapse.storage.data_stores.main.account_data import AccountDataWorkerStore
+from synapse.storage.data_stores.main.tags import TagsWorkerStore
 
 
 class SlavedAccountDataStore(TagsWorkerStore, AccountDataWorkerStore, BaseSlavedStore):
diff --git a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/appservice.py b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/appservice.py
index cda12ea70d..a67fbeffb7 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/appservice.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/appservice.py
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-from synapse.storage.appservice import (
+from synapse.storage.data_stores.main.appservice import (
     ApplicationServiceTransactionWorkerStore,
     ApplicationServiceWorkerStore,
 )
diff --git a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/client_ips.py b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/client_ips.py
index 14ced32333..b4f58cea19 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/client_ips.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/client_ips.py
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-from synapse.storage.client_ips import LAST_SEEN_GRANULARITY
+from synapse.storage.data_stores.main.client_ips import LAST_SEEN_GRANULARITY
 from synapse.util.caches import CACHE_SIZE_FACTOR
 from synapse.util.caches.descriptors import Cache
 
diff --git a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/deviceinbox.py b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/deviceinbox.py
index 284fd30d89..9fb6c5c6ff 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/deviceinbox.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/deviceinbox.py
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 
 from synapse.replication.slave.storage._base import BaseSlavedStore
 from synapse.replication.slave.storage._slaved_id_tracker import SlavedIdTracker
-from synapse.storage.deviceinbox import DeviceInboxWorkerStore
+from synapse.storage.data_stores.main.deviceinbox import DeviceInboxWorkerStore
 from synapse.util.caches.expiringcache import ExpiringCache
 from synapse.util.caches.stream_change_cache import StreamChangeCache
 
diff --git a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/devices.py b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/devices.py
index d9300fce33..f856c72d84 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/devices.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/devices.py
@@ -15,8 +15,8 @@
 
 from synapse.replication.slave.storage._base import BaseSlavedStore
 from synapse.replication.slave.storage._slaved_id_tracker import SlavedIdTracker
-from synapse.storage.devices import DeviceWorkerStore
-from synapse.storage.end_to_end_keys import EndToEndKeyWorkerStore
+from synapse.storage.data_stores.main.devices import DeviceWorkerStore
+from synapse.storage.data_stores.main.end_to_end_keys import EndToEndKeyWorkerStore
 from synapse.util.caches.stream_change_cache import StreamChangeCache
 
 
diff --git a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/directory.py b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/directory.py
index 1d1d48709a..8b9717c46f 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/directory.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/directory.py
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-from synapse.storage.directory import DirectoryWorkerStore
+from synapse.storage.data_stores.main.directory import DirectoryWorkerStore
 
 from ._base import BaseSlavedStore
 
diff --git a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/events.py b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/events.py
index ab5937e638..d0a0eaf75b 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/events.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/events.py
@@ -20,15 +20,17 @@ from synapse.replication.tcp.streams.events import (
     EventsStreamCurrentStateRow,
     EventsStreamEventRow,
 )
-from synapse.storage.event_federation import EventFederationWorkerStore
-from synapse.storage.event_push_actions import EventPushActionsWorkerStore
-from synapse.storage.events_worker import EventsWorkerStore
-from synapse.storage.relations import RelationsWorkerStore
-from synapse.storage.roommember import RoomMemberWorkerStore
-from synapse.storage.signatures import SignatureWorkerStore
-from synapse.storage.state import StateGroupWorkerStore
-from synapse.storage.stream import StreamWorkerStore
-from synapse.storage.user_erasure_store import UserErasureWorkerStore
+from synapse.storage.data_stores.main.event_federation import EventFederationWorkerStore
+from synapse.storage.data_stores.main.event_push_actions import (
+    EventPushActionsWorkerStore,
+)
+from synapse.storage.data_stores.main.events_worker import EventsWorkerStore
+from synapse.storage.data_stores.main.relations import RelationsWorkerStore
+from synapse.storage.data_stores.main.roommember import RoomMemberWorkerStore
+from synapse.storage.data_stores.main.signatures import SignatureWorkerStore
+from synapse.storage.data_stores.main.state import StateGroupWorkerStore
+from synapse.storage.data_stores.main.stream import StreamWorkerStore
+from synapse.storage.data_stores.main.user_erasure_store import UserErasureWorkerStore
 
 from ._base import BaseSlavedStore
 from ._slaved_id_tracker import SlavedIdTracker
diff --git a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/filtering.py b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/filtering.py
index 456a14cd5c..5c84ebd125 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/filtering.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/filtering.py
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-from synapse.storage.filtering import FilteringStore
+from synapse.storage.data_stores.main.filtering import FilteringStore
 
 from ._base import BaseSlavedStore
 
diff --git a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/keys.py b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/keys.py
index cc6f7f009f..3def367ae9 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/keys.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/keys.py
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-from synapse.storage import KeyStore
+from synapse.storage.data_stores.main.keys import KeyStore
 
 # KeyStore isn't really safe to use from a worker, but for now we do so and hope that
 # the races it creates aren't too bad.
diff --git a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/presence.py b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/presence.py
index 82d808af4c..747ced0c84 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/presence.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/presence.py
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 
 from synapse.storage import DataStore
-from synapse.storage.presence import PresenceStore
+from synapse.storage.data_stores.main.presence import PresenceStore
 from synapse.util.caches.stream_change_cache import StreamChangeCache
 
 from ._base import BaseSlavedStore, __func__
diff --git a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/profile.py b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/profile.py
index 46c28d4171..28c508aad3 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/profile.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/profile.py
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 
 from synapse.replication.slave.storage._base import BaseSlavedStore
-from synapse.storage.profile import ProfileWorkerStore
+from synapse.storage.data_stores.main.profile import ProfileWorkerStore
 
 
 class SlavedProfileStore(ProfileWorkerStore, BaseSlavedStore):
diff --git a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/push_rule.py b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/push_rule.py
index af7012702e..3655f05e54 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/push_rule.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/push_rule.py
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-from synapse.storage.push_rule import PushRulesWorkerStore
+from synapse.storage.data_stores.main.push_rule import PushRulesWorkerStore
 
 from ._slaved_id_tracker import SlavedIdTracker
 from .events import SlavedEventStore
diff --git a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/pushers.py b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/pushers.py
index 8eeb267d61..b4331d0799 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/pushers.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/pushers.py
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-from synapse.storage.pusher import PusherWorkerStore
+from synapse.storage.data_stores.main.pusher import PusherWorkerStore
 
 from ._base import BaseSlavedStore
 from ._slaved_id_tracker import SlavedIdTracker
diff --git a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/receipts.py b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/receipts.py
index 91afa5a72b..43d823c601 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/receipts.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/receipts.py
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-from synapse.storage.receipts import ReceiptsWorkerStore
+from synapse.storage.data_stores.main.receipts import ReceiptsWorkerStore
 
 from ._base import BaseSlavedStore
 from ._slaved_id_tracker import SlavedIdTracker
diff --git a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/registration.py b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/registration.py
index 408d91df1c..4b8553e250 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/registration.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/registration.py
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-from synapse.storage.registration import RegistrationWorkerStore
+from synapse.storage.data_stores.main.registration import RegistrationWorkerStore
 
 from ._base import BaseSlavedStore
 
diff --git a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/room.py b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/room.py
index f68b3378e3..d9ad386b28 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/room.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/room.py
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-from synapse.storage.room import RoomWorkerStore
+from synapse.storage.data_stores.main.room import RoomWorkerStore
 
 from ._base import BaseSlavedStore
 from ._slaved_id_tracker import SlavedIdTracker
diff --git a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/transactions.py b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/transactions.py
index 3527beb3c9..ac88e6b8c3 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/transactions.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/transactions.py
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-from synapse.storage.transactions import TransactionStore
+from synapse.storage.data_stores.main.transactions import TransactionStore
 
 from ._base import BaseSlavedStore
 
diff --git a/synapse/storage/__init__.py b/synapse/storage/__init__.py
index e7f6ea7286..e42fba45a1 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/__init__.py
@@ -14,509 +14,7 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-import calendar
-import logging
-import time
-
-from twisted.internet import defer
-
-from synapse.api.constants import PresenceState
-from synapse.storage.devices import DeviceStore
-from synapse.storage.user_erasure_store import UserErasureStore
-from synapse.util.caches.stream_change_cache import StreamChangeCache
-
-from .account_data import AccountDataStore
-from .appservice import ApplicationServiceStore, ApplicationServiceTransactionStore
-from .client_ips import ClientIpStore
-from .deviceinbox import DeviceInboxStore
-from .directory import DirectoryStore
-from .e2e_room_keys import EndToEndRoomKeyStore
-from .end_to_end_keys import EndToEndKeyStore
-from .engines import PostgresEngine
-from .event_federation import EventFederationStore
-from .event_push_actions import EventPushActionsStore
-from .events import EventsStore
-from .events_bg_updates import EventsBackgroundUpdatesStore
-from .filtering import FilteringStore
-from .group_server import GroupServerStore
-from .keys import KeyStore
-from .media_repository import MediaRepositoryStore
-from .monthly_active_users import MonthlyActiveUsersStore
-from .openid import OpenIdStore
-from .presence import PresenceStore, UserPresenceState
-from .profile import ProfileStore
-from .push_rule import PushRuleStore
-from .pusher import PusherStore
-from .receipts import ReceiptsStore
-from .registration import RegistrationStore
-from .rejections import RejectionsStore
-from .relations import RelationsStore
-from .room import RoomStore
-from .roommember import RoomMemberStore
-from .search import SearchStore
-from .signatures import SignatureStore
-from .state import StateStore
-from .stats import StatsStore
-from .stream import StreamStore
-from .tags import TagsStore
-from .transactions import TransactionStore
-from .user_directory import UserDirectoryStore
-from .util.id_generators import ChainedIdGenerator, IdGenerator, StreamIdGenerator
-
-logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-
-
-class DataStore(
-    EventsBackgroundUpdatesStore,
-    RoomMemberStore,
-    RoomStore,
-    RegistrationStore,
-    StreamStore,
-    ProfileStore,
-    PresenceStore,
-    TransactionStore,
-    DirectoryStore,
-    KeyStore,
-    StateStore,
-    SignatureStore,
-    ApplicationServiceStore,
-    EventsStore,
-    EventFederationStore,
-    MediaRepositoryStore,
-    RejectionsStore,
-    FilteringStore,
-    PusherStore,
-    PushRuleStore,
-    ApplicationServiceTransactionStore,
-    ReceiptsStore,
-    EndToEndKeyStore,
-    EndToEndRoomKeyStore,
-    SearchStore,
-    TagsStore,
-    AccountDataStore,
-    EventPushActionsStore,
-    OpenIdStore,
-    ClientIpStore,
-    DeviceStore,
-    DeviceInboxStore,
-    UserDirectoryStore,
-    GroupServerStore,
-    UserErasureStore,
-    MonthlyActiveUsersStore,
-    StatsStore,
-    RelationsStore,
-):
-    def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
-        self.hs = hs
-        self._clock = hs.get_clock()
-        self.database_engine = hs.database_engine
-
-        self._stream_id_gen = StreamIdGenerator(
-            db_conn,
-            "events",
-            "stream_ordering",
-            extra_tables=[("local_invites", "stream_id")],
-        )
-        self._backfill_id_gen = StreamIdGenerator(
-            db_conn,
-            "events",
-            "stream_ordering",
-            step=-1,
-            extra_tables=[("ex_outlier_stream", "event_stream_ordering")],
-        )
-        self._presence_id_gen = StreamIdGenerator(
-            db_conn, "presence_stream", "stream_id"
-        )
-        self._device_inbox_id_gen = StreamIdGenerator(
-            db_conn, "device_max_stream_id", "stream_id"
-        )
-        self._public_room_id_gen = StreamIdGenerator(
-            db_conn, "public_room_list_stream", "stream_id"
-        )
-        self._device_list_id_gen = StreamIdGenerator(
-            db_conn, "device_lists_stream", "stream_id"
-        )
-
-        self._access_tokens_id_gen = IdGenerator(db_conn, "access_tokens", "id")
-        self._event_reports_id_gen = IdGenerator(db_conn, "event_reports", "id")
-        self._push_rule_id_gen = IdGenerator(db_conn, "push_rules", "id")
-        self._push_rules_enable_id_gen = IdGenerator(db_conn, "push_rules_enable", "id")
-        self._push_rules_stream_id_gen = ChainedIdGenerator(
-            self._stream_id_gen, db_conn, "push_rules_stream", "stream_id"
-        )
-        self._pushers_id_gen = StreamIdGenerator(
-            db_conn, "pushers", "id", extra_tables=[("deleted_pushers", "stream_id")]
-        )
-        self._group_updates_id_gen = StreamIdGenerator(
-            db_conn, "local_group_updates", "stream_id"
-        )
-
-        if isinstance(self.database_engine, PostgresEngine):
-            self._cache_id_gen = StreamIdGenerator(
-                db_conn, "cache_invalidation_stream", "stream_id"
-            )
-        else:
-            self._cache_id_gen = None
-
-        self._presence_on_startup = self._get_active_presence(db_conn)
-
-        presence_cache_prefill, min_presence_val = self._get_cache_dict(
-            db_conn,
-            "presence_stream",
-            entity_column="user_id",
-            stream_column="stream_id",
-            max_value=self._presence_id_gen.get_current_token(),
-        )
-        self.presence_stream_cache = StreamChangeCache(
-            "PresenceStreamChangeCache",
-            min_presence_val,
-            prefilled_cache=presence_cache_prefill,
-        )
-
-        max_device_inbox_id = self._device_inbox_id_gen.get_current_token()
-        device_inbox_prefill, min_device_inbox_id = self._get_cache_dict(
-            db_conn,
-            "device_inbox",
-            entity_column="user_id",
-            stream_column="stream_id",
-            max_value=max_device_inbox_id,
-            limit=1000,
-        )
-        self._device_inbox_stream_cache = StreamChangeCache(
-            "DeviceInboxStreamChangeCache",
-            min_device_inbox_id,
-            prefilled_cache=device_inbox_prefill,
-        )
-        # The federation outbox and the local device inbox uses the same
-        # stream_id generator.
-        device_outbox_prefill, min_device_outbox_id = self._get_cache_dict(
-            db_conn,
-            "device_federation_outbox",
-            entity_column="destination",
-            stream_column="stream_id",
-            max_value=max_device_inbox_id,
-            limit=1000,
-        )
-        self._device_federation_outbox_stream_cache = StreamChangeCache(
-            "DeviceFederationOutboxStreamChangeCache",
-            min_device_outbox_id,
-            prefilled_cache=device_outbox_prefill,
-        )
-
-        device_list_max = self._device_list_id_gen.get_current_token()
-        self._device_list_stream_cache = StreamChangeCache(
-            "DeviceListStreamChangeCache", device_list_max
-        )
-        self._device_list_federation_stream_cache = StreamChangeCache(
-            "DeviceListFederationStreamChangeCache", device_list_max
-        )
-
-        events_max = self._stream_id_gen.get_current_token()
-        curr_state_delta_prefill, min_curr_state_delta_id = self._get_cache_dict(
-            db_conn,
-            "current_state_delta_stream",
-            entity_column="room_id",
-            stream_column="stream_id",
-            max_value=events_max,  # As we share the stream id with events token
-            limit=1000,
-        )
-        self._curr_state_delta_stream_cache = StreamChangeCache(
-            "_curr_state_delta_stream_cache",
-            min_curr_state_delta_id,
-            prefilled_cache=curr_state_delta_prefill,
-        )
-
-        _group_updates_prefill, min_group_updates_id = self._get_cache_dict(
-            db_conn,
-            "local_group_updates",
-            entity_column="user_id",
-            stream_column="stream_id",
-            max_value=self._group_updates_id_gen.get_current_token(),
-            limit=1000,
-        )
-        self._group_updates_stream_cache = StreamChangeCache(
-            "_group_updates_stream_cache",
-            min_group_updates_id,
-            prefilled_cache=_group_updates_prefill,
-        )
-
-        self._stream_order_on_start = self.get_room_max_stream_ordering()
-        self._min_stream_order_on_start = self.get_room_min_stream_ordering()
-
-        # Used in _generate_user_daily_visits to keep track of progress
-        self._last_user_visit_update = self._get_start_of_day()
-
-        super(DataStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
-
-    def take_presence_startup_info(self):
-        active_on_startup = self._presence_on_startup
-        self._presence_on_startup = None
-        return active_on_startup
-
-    def _get_active_presence(self, db_conn):
-        """Fetch non-offline presence from the database so that we can register
-        the appropriate time outs.
-        """
-
-        sql = (
-            "SELECT user_id, state, last_active_ts, last_federation_update_ts,"
-            " last_user_sync_ts, status_msg, currently_active FROM presence_stream"
-            " WHERE state != ?"
-        )
-        sql = self.database_engine.convert_param_style(sql)
-
-        txn = db_conn.cursor()
-        txn.execute(sql, (PresenceState.OFFLINE,))
-        rows = self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
-        txn.close()
-
-        for row in rows:
-            row["currently_active"] = bool(row["currently_active"])
-
-        return [UserPresenceState(**row) for row in rows]
-
-    def count_daily_users(self):
-        """
-        Counts the number of users who used this homeserver in the last 24 hours.
-        """
-        yesterday = int(self._clock.time_msec()) - (1000 * 60 * 60 * 24)
-        return self.runInteraction("count_daily_users", self._count_users, yesterday)
-
-    def count_monthly_users(self):
-        """
-        Counts the number of users who used this homeserver in the last 30 days.
-        Note this method is intended for phonehome metrics only and is different
-        from the mau figure in synapse.storage.monthly_active_users which,
-        amongst other things, includes a 3 day grace period before a user counts.
-        """
-        thirty_days_ago = int(self._clock.time_msec()) - (1000 * 60 * 60 * 24 * 30)
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "count_monthly_users", self._count_users, thirty_days_ago
-        )
-
-    def _count_users(self, txn, time_from):
-        """
-        Returns number of users seen in the past time_from period
-        """
-        sql = """
-            SELECT COALESCE(count(*), 0) FROM (
-                SELECT user_id FROM user_ips
-                WHERE last_seen > ?
-                GROUP BY user_id
-            ) u
-        """
-        txn.execute(sql, (time_from,))
-        count, = txn.fetchone()
-        return count
-
-    def count_r30_users(self):
-        """
-        Counts the number of 30 day retained users, defined as:-
-         * Users who have created their accounts more than 30 days ago
-         * Where last seen at most 30 days ago
-         * Where account creation and last_seen are > 30 days apart
-
-         Returns counts globaly for a given user as well as breaking
-         by platform
-        """
-
-        def _count_r30_users(txn):
-            thirty_days_in_secs = 86400 * 30
-            now = int(self._clock.time())
-            thirty_days_ago_in_secs = now - thirty_days_in_secs
-
-            sql = """
-                SELECT platform, COALESCE(count(*), 0) FROM (
-                     SELECT
-                        users.name, platform, users.creation_ts * 1000,
-                        MAX(uip.last_seen)
-                     FROM users
-                     INNER JOIN (
-                         SELECT
-                         user_id,
-                         last_seen,
-                         CASE
-                             WHEN user_agent LIKE '%%Android%%' THEN 'android'
-                             WHEN user_agent LIKE '%%iOS%%' THEN 'ios'
-                             WHEN user_agent LIKE '%%Electron%%' THEN 'electron'
-                             WHEN user_agent LIKE '%%Mozilla%%' THEN 'web'
-                             WHEN user_agent LIKE '%%Gecko%%' THEN 'web'
-                             ELSE 'unknown'
-                         END
-                         AS platform
-                         FROM user_ips
-                     ) uip
-                     ON users.name = uip.user_id
-                     AND users.appservice_id is NULL
-                     AND users.creation_ts < ?
-                     AND uip.last_seen/1000 > ?
-                     AND (uip.last_seen/1000) - users.creation_ts > 86400 * 30
-                     GROUP BY users.name, platform, users.creation_ts
-                ) u GROUP BY platform
-            """
-
-            results = {}
-            txn.execute(sql, (thirty_days_ago_in_secs, thirty_days_ago_in_secs))
-
-            for row in txn:
-                if row[0] == "unknown":
-                    pass
-                results[row[0]] = row[1]
-
-            sql = """
-                SELECT COALESCE(count(*), 0) FROM (
-                    SELECT users.name, users.creation_ts * 1000,
-                                                        MAX(uip.last_seen)
-                    FROM users
-                    INNER JOIN (
-                        SELECT
-                        user_id,
-                        last_seen
-                        FROM user_ips
-                    ) uip
-                    ON users.name = uip.user_id
-                    AND appservice_id is NULL
-                    AND users.creation_ts < ?
-                    AND uip.last_seen/1000 > ?
-                    AND (uip.last_seen/1000) - users.creation_ts > 86400 * 30
-                    GROUP BY users.name, users.creation_ts
-                ) u
-            """
-
-            txn.execute(sql, (thirty_days_ago_in_secs, thirty_days_ago_in_secs))
-
-            count, = txn.fetchone()
-            results["all"] = count
-
-            return results
-
-        return self.runInteraction("count_r30_users", _count_r30_users)
-
-    def _get_start_of_day(self):
-        """
-        Returns millisecond unixtime for start of UTC day.
-        """
-        now = time.gmtime()
-        today_start = calendar.timegm((now.tm_year, now.tm_mon, now.tm_mday, 0, 0, 0))
-        return today_start * 1000
-
-    def generate_user_daily_visits(self):
-        """
-        Generates daily visit data for use in cohort/ retention analysis
-        """
-
-        def _generate_user_daily_visits(txn):
-            logger.info("Calling _generate_user_daily_visits")
-            today_start = self._get_start_of_day()
-            a_day_in_milliseconds = 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000
-            now = self.clock.time_msec()
-
-            sql = """
-                INSERT INTO user_daily_visits (user_id, device_id, timestamp)
-                    SELECT u.user_id, u.device_id, ?
-                    FROM user_ips AS u
-                    LEFT JOIN (
-                      SELECT user_id, device_id, timestamp FROM user_daily_visits
-                      WHERE timestamp = ?
-                    ) udv
-                    ON u.user_id = udv.user_id AND u.device_id=udv.device_id
-                    INNER JOIN users ON users.name=u.user_id
-                    WHERE last_seen > ? AND last_seen <= ?
-                    AND udv.timestamp IS NULL AND users.is_guest=0
-                    AND users.appservice_id IS NULL
-                    GROUP BY u.user_id, u.device_id
-            """
-
-            # This means that the day has rolled over but there could still
-            # be entries from the previous day. There is an edge case
-            # where if the user logs in at 23:59 and overwrites their
-            # last_seen at 00:01 then they will not be counted in the
-            # previous day's stats - it is important that the query is run
-            # often to minimise this case.
-            if today_start > self._last_user_visit_update:
-                yesterday_start = today_start - a_day_in_milliseconds
-                txn.execute(
-                    sql,
-                    (
-                        yesterday_start,
-                        yesterday_start,
-                        self._last_user_visit_update,
-                        today_start,
-                    ),
-                )
-                self._last_user_visit_update = today_start
-
-            txn.execute(
-                sql, (today_start, today_start, self._last_user_visit_update, now)
-            )
-            # Update _last_user_visit_update to now. The reason to do this
-            # rather just clamping to the beginning of the day is to limit
-            # the size of the join - meaning that the query can be run more
-            # frequently
-            self._last_user_visit_update = now
-
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "generate_user_daily_visits", _generate_user_daily_visits
-        )
-
-    def get_users(self):
-        """Function to reterive a list of users in users table.
-
-        Args:
-        Returns:
-            defer.Deferred: resolves to list[dict[str, Any]]
-        """
-        return self._simple_select_list(
-            table="users",
-            keyvalues={},
-            retcols=["name", "password_hash", "is_guest", "admin", "user_type"],
-            desc="get_users",
-        )
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_users_paginate(self, order, start, limit):
-        """Function to reterive a paginated list of users from
-        users list. This will return a json object, which contains
-        list of users and the total number of users in users table.
-
-        Args:
-            order (str): column name to order the select by this column
-            start (int): start number to begin the query from
-            limit (int): number of rows to reterive
-        Returns:
-            defer.Deferred: resolves to json object {list[dict[str, Any]], count}
-        """
-        users = yield self.runInteraction(
-            "get_users_paginate",
-            self._simple_select_list_paginate_txn,
-            table="users",
-            keyvalues={"is_guest": False},
-            orderby=order,
-            start=start,
-            limit=limit,
-            retcols=["name", "password_hash", "is_guest", "admin", "user_type"],
-        )
-        count = yield self.runInteraction("get_users_paginate", self.get_user_count_txn)
-        retval = {"users": users, "total": count}
-        return retval
-
-    def search_users(self, term):
-        """Function to search users list for one or more users with
-        the matched term.
-
-        Args:
-            term (str): search term
-            col (str): column to query term should be matched to
-        Returns:
-            defer.Deferred: resolves to list[dict[str, Any]]
-        """
-        return self._simple_search_list(
-            table="users",
-            term=term,
-            col="name",
-            retcols=["name", "password_hash", "is_guest", "admin", "user_type"],
-            desc="search_users",
-        )
+from synapse.storage.data_stores.main import DataStore  # noqa: F401
 
 
 def are_all_users_on_domain(txn, database_engine, domain):
diff --git a/synapse/storage/account_data.py b/synapse/storage/account_data.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 6afbfc0d74..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/account_data.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,391 +0,0 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-# Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
-# Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-
-import abc
-import logging
-
-from canonicaljson import json
-
-from twisted.internet import defer
-
-from synapse.storage._base import SQLBaseStore
-from synapse.storage.util.id_generators import StreamIdGenerator
-from synapse.util.caches.descriptors import cached, cachedInlineCallbacks
-from synapse.util.caches.stream_change_cache import StreamChangeCache
-
-logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-
-
-class AccountDataWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
-    """This is an abstract base class where subclasses must implement
-    `get_max_account_data_stream_id` which can be called in the initializer.
-    """
-
-    # This ABCMeta metaclass ensures that we cannot be instantiated without
-    # the abstract methods being implemented.
-    __metaclass__ = abc.ABCMeta
-
-    def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
-        account_max = self.get_max_account_data_stream_id()
-        self._account_data_stream_cache = StreamChangeCache(
-            "AccountDataAndTagsChangeCache", account_max
-        )
-
-        super(AccountDataWorkerStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
-
-    @abc.abstractmethod
-    def get_max_account_data_stream_id(self):
-        """Get the current max stream ID for account data stream
-
-        Returns:
-            int
-        """
-        raise NotImplementedError()
-
-    @cached()
-    def get_account_data_for_user(self, user_id):
-        """Get all the client account_data for a user.
-
-        Args:
-            user_id(str): The user to get the account_data for.
-        Returns:
-            A deferred pair of a dict of global account_data and a dict
-            mapping from room_id string to per room account_data dicts.
-        """
-
-        def get_account_data_for_user_txn(txn):
-            rows = self._simple_select_list_txn(
-                txn,
-                "account_data",
-                {"user_id": user_id},
-                ["account_data_type", "content"],
-            )
-
-            global_account_data = {
-                row["account_data_type"]: json.loads(row["content"]) for row in rows
-            }
-
-            rows = self._simple_select_list_txn(
-                txn,
-                "room_account_data",
-                {"user_id": user_id},
-                ["room_id", "account_data_type", "content"],
-            )
-
-            by_room = {}
-            for row in rows:
-                room_data = by_room.setdefault(row["room_id"], {})
-                room_data[row["account_data_type"]] = json.loads(row["content"])
-
-            return global_account_data, by_room
-
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "get_account_data_for_user", get_account_data_for_user_txn
-        )
-
-    @cachedInlineCallbacks(num_args=2, max_entries=5000)
-    def get_global_account_data_by_type_for_user(self, data_type, user_id):
-        """
-        Returns:
-            Deferred: A dict
-        """
-        result = yield self._simple_select_one_onecol(
-            table="account_data",
-            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "account_data_type": data_type},
-            retcol="content",
-            desc="get_global_account_data_by_type_for_user",
-            allow_none=True,
-        )
-
-        if result:
-            return json.loads(result)
-        else:
-            return None
-
-    @cached(num_args=2)
-    def get_account_data_for_room(self, user_id, room_id):
-        """Get all the client account_data for a user for a room.
-
-        Args:
-            user_id(str): The user to get the account_data for.
-            room_id(str): The room to get the account_data for.
-        Returns:
-            A deferred dict of the room account_data
-        """
-
-        def get_account_data_for_room_txn(txn):
-            rows = self._simple_select_list_txn(
-                txn,
-                "room_account_data",
-                {"user_id": user_id, "room_id": room_id},
-                ["account_data_type", "content"],
-            )
-
-            return {
-                row["account_data_type"]: json.loads(row["content"]) for row in rows
-            }
-
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "get_account_data_for_room", get_account_data_for_room_txn
-        )
-
-    @cached(num_args=3, max_entries=5000)
-    def get_account_data_for_room_and_type(self, user_id, room_id, account_data_type):
-        """Get the client account_data of given type for a user for a room.
-
-        Args:
-            user_id(str): The user to get the account_data for.
-            room_id(str): The room to get the account_data for.
-            account_data_type (str): The account data type to get.
-        Returns:
-            A deferred of the room account_data for that type, or None if
-            there isn't any set.
-        """
-
-        def get_account_data_for_room_and_type_txn(txn):
-            content_json = self._simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
-                txn,
-                table="room_account_data",
-                keyvalues={
-                    "user_id": user_id,
-                    "room_id": room_id,
-                    "account_data_type": account_data_type,
-                },
-                retcol="content",
-                allow_none=True,
-            )
-
-            return json.loads(content_json) if content_json else None
-
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "get_account_data_for_room_and_type", get_account_data_for_room_and_type_txn
-        )
-
-    def get_all_updated_account_data(
-        self, last_global_id, last_room_id, current_id, limit
-    ):
-        """Get all the client account_data that has changed on the server
-        Args:
-            last_global_id(int): The position to fetch from for top level data
-            last_room_id(int): The position to fetch from for per room data
-            current_id(int): The position to fetch up to.
-        Returns:
-            A deferred pair of lists of tuples of stream_id int, user_id string,
-            room_id string, type string, and content string.
-        """
-        if last_room_id == current_id and last_global_id == current_id:
-            return defer.succeed(([], []))
-
-        def get_updated_account_data_txn(txn):
-            sql = (
-                "SELECT stream_id, user_id, account_data_type, content"
-                " FROM account_data WHERE ? < stream_id AND stream_id <= ?"
-                " ORDER BY stream_id ASC LIMIT ?"
-            )
-            txn.execute(sql, (last_global_id, current_id, limit))
-            global_results = txn.fetchall()
-
-            sql = (
-                "SELECT stream_id, user_id, room_id, account_data_type, content"
-                " FROM room_account_data WHERE ? < stream_id AND stream_id <= ?"
-                " ORDER BY stream_id ASC LIMIT ?"
-            )
-            txn.execute(sql, (last_room_id, current_id, limit))
-            room_results = txn.fetchall()
-            return global_results, room_results
-
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "get_all_updated_account_data_txn", get_updated_account_data_txn
-        )
-
-    def get_updated_account_data_for_user(self, user_id, stream_id):
-        """Get all the client account_data for a that's changed for a user
-
-        Args:
-            user_id(str): The user to get the account_data for.
-            stream_id(int): The point in the stream since which to get updates
-        Returns:
-            A deferred pair of a dict of global account_data and a dict
-            mapping from room_id string to per room account_data dicts.
-        """
-
-        def get_updated_account_data_for_user_txn(txn):
-            sql = (
-                "SELECT account_data_type, content FROM account_data"
-                " WHERE user_id = ? AND stream_id > ?"
-            )
-
-            txn.execute(sql, (user_id, stream_id))
-
-            global_account_data = {row[0]: json.loads(row[1]) for row in txn}
-
-            sql = (
-                "SELECT room_id, account_data_type, content FROM room_account_data"
-                " WHERE user_id = ? AND stream_id > ?"
-            )
-
-            txn.execute(sql, (user_id, stream_id))
-
-            account_data_by_room = {}
-            for row in txn:
-                room_account_data = account_data_by_room.setdefault(row[0], {})
-                room_account_data[row[1]] = json.loads(row[2])
-
-            return global_account_data, account_data_by_room
-
-        changed = self._account_data_stream_cache.has_entity_changed(
-            user_id, int(stream_id)
-        )
-        if not changed:
-            return {}, {}
-
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "get_updated_account_data_for_user", get_updated_account_data_for_user_txn
-        )
-
-    @cachedInlineCallbacks(num_args=2, cache_context=True, max_entries=5000)
-    def is_ignored_by(self, ignored_user_id, ignorer_user_id, cache_context):
-        ignored_account_data = yield self.get_global_account_data_by_type_for_user(
-            "m.ignored_user_list",
-            ignorer_user_id,
-            on_invalidate=cache_context.invalidate,
-        )
-        if not ignored_account_data:
-            return False
-
-        return ignored_user_id in ignored_account_data.get("ignored_users", {})
-
-
-class AccountDataStore(AccountDataWorkerStore):
-    def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
-        self._account_data_id_gen = StreamIdGenerator(
-            db_conn, "account_data_max_stream_id", "stream_id"
-        )
-
-        super(AccountDataStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
-
-    def get_max_account_data_stream_id(self):
-        """Get the current max stream id for the private user data stream
-
-        Returns:
-            A deferred int.
-        """
-        return self._account_data_id_gen.get_current_token()
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def add_account_data_to_room(self, user_id, room_id, account_data_type, content):
-        """Add some account_data to a room for a user.
-        Args:
-            user_id(str): The user to add a tag for.
-            room_id(str): The room to add a tag for.
-            account_data_type(str): The type of account_data to add.
-            content(dict): A json object to associate with the tag.
-        Returns:
-            A deferred that completes once the account_data has been added.
-        """
-        content_json = json.dumps(content)
-
-        with self._account_data_id_gen.get_next() as next_id:
-            # no need to lock here as room_account_data has a unique constraint
-            # on (user_id, room_id, account_data_type) so _simple_upsert will
-            # retry if there is a conflict.
-            yield self._simple_upsert(
-                desc="add_room_account_data",
-                table="room_account_data",
-                keyvalues={
-                    "user_id": user_id,
-                    "room_id": room_id,
-                    "account_data_type": account_data_type,
-                },
-                values={"stream_id": next_id, "content": content_json},
-                lock=False,
-            )
-
-            # it's theoretically possible for the above to succeed and the
-            # below to fail - in which case we might reuse a stream id on
-            # restart, and the above update might not get propagated. That
-            # doesn't sound any worse than the whole update getting lost,
-            # which is what would happen if we combined the two into one
-            # transaction.
-            yield self._update_max_stream_id(next_id)
-
-            self._account_data_stream_cache.entity_has_changed(user_id, next_id)
-            self.get_account_data_for_user.invalidate((user_id,))
-            self.get_account_data_for_room.invalidate((user_id, room_id))
-            self.get_account_data_for_room_and_type.prefill(
-                (user_id, room_id, account_data_type), content
-            )
-
-        result = self._account_data_id_gen.get_current_token()
-        return result
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def add_account_data_for_user(self, user_id, account_data_type, content):
-        """Add some account_data to a room for a user.
-        Args:
-            user_id(str): The user to add a tag for.
-            account_data_type(str): The type of account_data to add.
-            content(dict): A json object to associate with the tag.
-        Returns:
-            A deferred that completes once the account_data has been added.
-        """
-        content_json = json.dumps(content)
-
-        with self._account_data_id_gen.get_next() as next_id:
-            # no need to lock here as account_data has a unique constraint on
-            # (user_id, account_data_type) so _simple_upsert will retry if
-            # there is a conflict.
-            yield self._simple_upsert(
-                desc="add_user_account_data",
-                table="account_data",
-                keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "account_data_type": account_data_type},
-                values={"stream_id": next_id, "content": content_json},
-                lock=False,
-            )
-
-            # it's theoretically possible for the above to succeed and the
-            # below to fail - in which case we might reuse a stream id on
-            # restart, and the above update might not get propagated. That
-            # doesn't sound any worse than the whole update getting lost,
-            # which is what would happen if we combined the two into one
-            # transaction.
-            yield self._update_max_stream_id(next_id)
-
-            self._account_data_stream_cache.entity_has_changed(user_id, next_id)
-            self.get_account_data_for_user.invalidate((user_id,))
-            self.get_global_account_data_by_type_for_user.invalidate(
-                (account_data_type, user_id)
-            )
-
-        result = self._account_data_id_gen.get_current_token()
-        return result
-
-    def _update_max_stream_id(self, next_id):
-        """Update the max stream_id
-
-        Args:
-            next_id(int): The the revision to advance to.
-        """
-
-        def _update(txn):
-            update_max_id_sql = (
-                "UPDATE account_data_max_stream_id"
-                " SET stream_id = ?"
-                " WHERE stream_id < ?"
-            )
-            txn.execute(update_max_id_sql, (next_id, next_id))
-
-        return self.runInteraction("update_account_data_max_stream_id", _update)
diff --git a/synapse/storage/appservice.py b/synapse/storage/appservice.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 435b2acd4d..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/appservice.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,368 +0,0 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-# Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
-# Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-import logging
-import re
-
-from canonicaljson import json
-
-from twisted.internet import defer
-
-from synapse.appservice import AppServiceTransaction
-from synapse.config.appservice import load_appservices
-from synapse.storage.events_worker import EventsWorkerStore
-
-from ._base import SQLBaseStore
-
-logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-
-
-def _make_exclusive_regex(services_cache):
-    # We precompie a regex constructed from all the regexes that the AS's
-    # have registered for exclusive users.
-    exclusive_user_regexes = [
-        regex.pattern
-        for service in services_cache
-        for regex in service.get_exlusive_user_regexes()
-    ]
-    if exclusive_user_regexes:
-        exclusive_user_regex = "|".join("(" + r + ")" for r in exclusive_user_regexes)
-        exclusive_user_regex = re.compile(exclusive_user_regex)
-    else:
-        # We handle this case specially otherwise the constructed regex
-        # will always match
-        exclusive_user_regex = None
-
-    return exclusive_user_regex
-
-
-class ApplicationServiceWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
-    def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
-        self.services_cache = load_appservices(
-            hs.hostname, hs.config.app_service_config_files
-        )
-        self.exclusive_user_regex = _make_exclusive_regex(self.services_cache)
-
-        super(ApplicationServiceWorkerStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
-
-    def get_app_services(self):
-        return self.services_cache
-
-    def get_if_app_services_interested_in_user(self, user_id):
-        """Check if the user is one associated with an app service (exclusively)
-        """
-        if self.exclusive_user_regex:
-            return bool(self.exclusive_user_regex.match(user_id))
-        else:
-            return False
-
-    def get_app_service_by_user_id(self, user_id):
-        """Retrieve an application service from their user ID.
-
-        All application services have associated with them a particular user ID.
-        There is no distinguishing feature on the user ID which indicates it
-        represents an application service. This function allows you to map from
-        a user ID to an application service.
-
-        Args:
-            user_id(str): The user ID to see if it is an application service.
-        Returns:
-            synapse.appservice.ApplicationService or None.
-        """
-        for service in self.services_cache:
-            if service.sender == user_id:
-                return service
-        return None
-
-    def get_app_service_by_token(self, token):
-        """Get the application service with the given appservice token.
-
-        Args:
-            token (str): The application service token.
-        Returns:
-            synapse.appservice.ApplicationService or None.
-        """
-        for service in self.services_cache:
-            if service.token == token:
-                return service
-        return None
-
-    def get_app_service_by_id(self, as_id):
-        """Get the application service with the given appservice ID.
-
-        Args:
-            as_id (str): The application service ID.
-        Returns:
-            synapse.appservice.ApplicationService or None.
-        """
-        for service in self.services_cache:
-            if service.id == as_id:
-                return service
-        return None
-
-
-class ApplicationServiceStore(ApplicationServiceWorkerStore):
-    # This is currently empty due to there not being any AS storage functions
-    # that can't be run on the workers. Since this may change in future, and
-    # to keep consistency with the other stores, we keep this empty class for
-    # now.
-    pass
-
-
-class ApplicationServiceTransactionWorkerStore(
-    ApplicationServiceWorkerStore, EventsWorkerStore
-):
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_appservices_by_state(self, state):
-        """Get a list of application services based on their state.
-
-        Args:
-            state(ApplicationServiceState): The state to filter on.
-        Returns:
-            A Deferred which resolves to a list of ApplicationServices, which
-            may be empty.
-        """
-        results = yield self._simple_select_list(
-            "application_services_state", dict(state=state), ["as_id"]
-        )
-        # NB: This assumes this class is linked with ApplicationServiceStore
-        as_list = self.get_app_services()
-        services = []
-
-        for res in results:
-            for service in as_list:
-                if service.id == res["as_id"]:
-                    services.append(service)
-        return services
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_appservice_state(self, service):
-        """Get the application service state.
-
-        Args:
-            service(ApplicationService): The service whose state to set.
-        Returns:
-            A Deferred which resolves to ApplicationServiceState.
-        """
-        result = yield self._simple_select_one(
-            "application_services_state",
-            dict(as_id=service.id),
-            ["state"],
-            allow_none=True,
-            desc="get_appservice_state",
-        )
-        if result:
-            return result.get("state")
-        return None
-
-    def set_appservice_state(self, service, state):
-        """Set the application service state.
-
-        Args:
-            service(ApplicationService): The service whose state to set.
-            state(ApplicationServiceState): The connectivity state to apply.
-        Returns:
-            A Deferred which resolves when the state was set successfully.
-        """
-        return self._simple_upsert(
-            "application_services_state", dict(as_id=service.id), dict(state=state)
-        )
-
-    def create_appservice_txn(self, service, events):
-        """Atomically creates a new transaction for this application service
-        with the given list of events.
-
-        Args:
-            service(ApplicationService): The service who the transaction is for.
-            events(list<Event>): A list of events to put in the transaction.
-        Returns:
-            AppServiceTransaction: A new transaction.
-        """
-
-        def _create_appservice_txn(txn):
-            # work out new txn id (highest txn id for this service += 1)
-            # The highest id may be the last one sent (in which case it is last_txn)
-            # or it may be the highest in the txns list (which are waiting to be/are
-            # being sent)
-            last_txn_id = self._get_last_txn(txn, service.id)
-
-            txn.execute(
-                "SELECT MAX(txn_id) FROM application_services_txns WHERE as_id=?",
-                (service.id,),
-            )
-            highest_txn_id = txn.fetchone()[0]
-            if highest_txn_id is None:
-                highest_txn_id = 0
-
-            new_txn_id = max(highest_txn_id, last_txn_id) + 1
-
-            # Insert new txn into txn table
-            event_ids = json.dumps([e.event_id for e in events])
-            txn.execute(
-                "INSERT INTO application_services_txns(as_id, txn_id, event_ids) "
-                "VALUES(?,?,?)",
-                (service.id, new_txn_id, event_ids),
-            )
-            return AppServiceTransaction(service=service, id=new_txn_id, events=events)
-
-        return self.runInteraction("create_appservice_txn", _create_appservice_txn)
-
-    def complete_appservice_txn(self, txn_id, service):
-        """Completes an application service transaction.
-
-        Args:
-            txn_id(str): The transaction ID being completed.
-            service(ApplicationService): The application service which was sent
-            this transaction.
-        Returns:
-            A Deferred which resolves if this transaction was stored
-            successfully.
-        """
-        txn_id = int(txn_id)
-
-        def _complete_appservice_txn(txn):
-            # Debugging query: Make sure the txn being completed is EXACTLY +1 from
-            # what was there before. If it isn't, we've got problems (e.g. the AS
-            # has probably missed some events), so whine loudly but still continue,
-            # since it shouldn't fail completion of the transaction.
-            last_txn_id = self._get_last_txn(txn, service.id)
-            if (last_txn_id + 1) != txn_id:
-                logger.error(
-                    "appservice: Completing a transaction which has an ID > 1 from "
-                    "the last ID sent to this AS. We've either dropped events or "
-                    "sent it to the AS out of order. FIX ME. last_txn=%s "
-                    "completing_txn=%s service_id=%s",
-                    last_txn_id,
-                    txn_id,
-                    service.id,
-                )
-
-            # Set current txn_id for AS to 'txn_id'
-            self._simple_upsert_txn(
-                txn,
-                "application_services_state",
-                dict(as_id=service.id),
-                dict(last_txn=txn_id),
-            )
-
-            # Delete txn
-            self._simple_delete_txn(
-                txn, "application_services_txns", dict(txn_id=txn_id, as_id=service.id)
-            )
-
-        return self.runInteraction("complete_appservice_txn", _complete_appservice_txn)
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_oldest_unsent_txn(self, service):
-        """Get the oldest transaction which has not been sent for this
-        service.
-
-        Args:
-            service(ApplicationService): The app service to get the oldest txn.
-        Returns:
-            A Deferred which resolves to an AppServiceTransaction or
-            None.
-        """
-
-        def _get_oldest_unsent_txn(txn):
-            # Monotonically increasing txn ids, so just select the smallest
-            # one in the txns table (we delete them when they are sent)
-            txn.execute(
-                "SELECT * FROM application_services_txns WHERE as_id=?"
-                " ORDER BY txn_id ASC LIMIT 1",
-                (service.id,),
-            )
-            rows = self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
-            if not rows:
-                return None
-
-            entry = rows[0]
-
-            return entry
-
-        entry = yield self.runInteraction(
-            "get_oldest_unsent_appservice_txn", _get_oldest_unsent_txn
-        )
-
-        if not entry:
-            return None
-
-        event_ids = json.loads(entry["event_ids"])
-
-        events = yield self.get_events_as_list(event_ids)
-
-        return AppServiceTransaction(service=service, id=entry["txn_id"], events=events)
-
-    def _get_last_txn(self, txn, service_id):
-        txn.execute(
-            "SELECT last_txn FROM application_services_state WHERE as_id=?",
-            (service_id,),
-        )
-        last_txn_id = txn.fetchone()
-        if last_txn_id is None or last_txn_id[0] is None:  # no row exists
-            return 0
-        else:
-            return int(last_txn_id[0])  # select 'last_txn' col
-
-    def set_appservice_last_pos(self, pos):
-        def set_appservice_last_pos_txn(txn):
-            txn.execute(
-                "UPDATE appservice_stream_position SET stream_ordering = ?", (pos,)
-            )
-
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "set_appservice_last_pos", set_appservice_last_pos_txn
-        )
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_new_events_for_appservice(self, current_id, limit):
-        """Get all new evnets"""
-
-        def get_new_events_for_appservice_txn(txn):
-            sql = (
-                "SELECT e.stream_ordering, e.event_id"
-                " FROM events AS e"
-                " WHERE"
-                " (SELECT stream_ordering FROM appservice_stream_position)"
-                "     < e.stream_ordering"
-                " AND e.stream_ordering <= ?"
-                " ORDER BY e.stream_ordering ASC"
-                " LIMIT ?"
-            )
-
-            txn.execute(sql, (current_id, limit))
-            rows = txn.fetchall()
-
-            upper_bound = current_id
-            if len(rows) == limit:
-                upper_bound = rows[-1][0]
-
-            return upper_bound, [row[1] for row in rows]
-
-        upper_bound, event_ids = yield self.runInteraction(
-            "get_new_events_for_appservice", get_new_events_for_appservice_txn
-        )
-
-        events = yield self.get_events_as_list(event_ids)
-
-        return upper_bound, events
-
-
-class ApplicationServiceTransactionStore(ApplicationServiceTransactionWorkerStore):
-    # This is currently empty due to there not being any AS storage functions
-    # that can't be run on the workers. Since this may change in future, and
-    # to keep consistency with the other stores, we keep this empty class for
-    # now.
-    pass
diff --git a/synapse/storage/client_ips.py b/synapse/storage/client_ips.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 067820a5da..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/client_ips.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,581 +0,0 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-# Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-
-import logging
-
-from six import iteritems
-
-from twisted.internet import defer
-
-from synapse.metrics.background_process_metrics import wrap_as_background_process
-from synapse.util.caches import CACHE_SIZE_FACTOR
-
-from . import background_updates
-from ._base import Cache
-
-logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-
-# Number of msec of granularity to store the user IP 'last seen' time. Smaller
-# times give more inserts into the database even for readonly API hits
-# 120 seconds == 2 minutes
-LAST_SEEN_GRANULARITY = 120 * 1000
-
-
-class ClientIpBackgroundUpdateStore(background_updates.BackgroundUpdateStore):
-    def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
-        super(ClientIpBackgroundUpdateStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
-
-        self.register_background_index_update(
-            "user_ips_device_index",
-            index_name="user_ips_device_id",
-            table="user_ips",
-            columns=["user_id", "device_id", "last_seen"],
-        )
-
-        self.register_background_index_update(
-            "user_ips_last_seen_index",
-            index_name="user_ips_last_seen",
-            table="user_ips",
-            columns=["user_id", "last_seen"],
-        )
-
-        self.register_background_index_update(
-            "user_ips_last_seen_only_index",
-            index_name="user_ips_last_seen_only",
-            table="user_ips",
-            columns=["last_seen"],
-        )
-
-        self.register_background_update_handler(
-            "user_ips_analyze", self._analyze_user_ip
-        )
-
-        self.register_background_update_handler(
-            "user_ips_remove_dupes", self._remove_user_ip_dupes
-        )
-
-        # Register a unique index
-        self.register_background_index_update(
-            "user_ips_device_unique_index",
-            index_name="user_ips_user_token_ip_unique_index",
-            table="user_ips",
-            columns=["user_id", "access_token", "ip"],
-            unique=True,
-        )
-
-        # Drop the old non-unique index
-        self.register_background_update_handler(
-            "user_ips_drop_nonunique_index", self._remove_user_ip_nonunique
-        )
-
-        # Update the last seen info in devices.
-        self.register_background_update_handler(
-            "devices_last_seen", self._devices_last_seen_update
-        )
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _remove_user_ip_nonunique(self, progress, batch_size):
-        def f(conn):
-            txn = conn.cursor()
-            txn.execute("DROP INDEX IF EXISTS user_ips_user_ip")
-            txn.close()
-
-        yield self.runWithConnection(f)
-        yield self._end_background_update("user_ips_drop_nonunique_index")
-        return 1
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _analyze_user_ip(self, progress, batch_size):
-        # Background update to analyze user_ips table before we run the
-        # deduplication background update. The table may not have been analyzed
-        # for ages due to the table locks.
-        #
-        # This will lock out the naive upserts to user_ips while it happens, but
-        # the analyze should be quick (28GB table takes ~10s)
-        def user_ips_analyze(txn):
-            txn.execute("ANALYZE user_ips")
-
-        yield self.runInteraction("user_ips_analyze", user_ips_analyze)
-
-        yield self._end_background_update("user_ips_analyze")
-
-        return 1
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _remove_user_ip_dupes(self, progress, batch_size):
-        # This works function works by scanning the user_ips table in batches
-        # based on `last_seen`. For each row in a batch it searches the rest of
-        # the table to see if there are any duplicates, if there are then they
-        # are removed and replaced with a suitable row.
-
-        # Fetch the start of the batch
-        begin_last_seen = progress.get("last_seen", 0)
-
-        def get_last_seen(txn):
-            txn.execute(
-                """
-                SELECT last_seen FROM user_ips
-                WHERE last_seen > ?
-                ORDER BY last_seen
-                LIMIT 1
-                OFFSET ?
-                """,
-                (begin_last_seen, batch_size),
-            )
-            row = txn.fetchone()
-            if row:
-                return row[0]
-            else:
-                return None
-
-        # Get a last seen that has roughly `batch_size` since `begin_last_seen`
-        end_last_seen = yield self.runInteraction(
-            "user_ips_dups_get_last_seen", get_last_seen
-        )
-
-        # If it returns None, then we're processing the last batch
-        last = end_last_seen is None
-
-        logger.info(
-            "Scanning for duplicate 'user_ips' rows in range: %s <= last_seen < %s",
-            begin_last_seen,
-            end_last_seen,
-        )
-
-        def remove(txn):
-            # This works by looking at all entries in the given time span, and
-            # then for each (user_id, access_token, ip) tuple in that range
-            # checking for any duplicates in the rest of the table (via a join).
-            # It then only returns entries which have duplicates, and the max
-            # last_seen across all duplicates, which can the be used to delete
-            # all other duplicates.
-            # It is efficient due to the existence of (user_id, access_token,
-            # ip) and (last_seen) indices.
-
-            # Define the search space, which requires handling the last batch in
-            # a different way
-            if last:
-                clause = "? <= last_seen"
-                args = (begin_last_seen,)
-            else:
-                clause = "? <= last_seen AND last_seen < ?"
-                args = (begin_last_seen, end_last_seen)
-
-            # (Note: The DISTINCT in the inner query is important to ensure that
-            # the COUNT(*) is accurate, otherwise double counting may happen due
-            # to the join effectively being a cross product)
-            txn.execute(
-                """
-                SELECT user_id, access_token, ip,
-                       MAX(device_id), MAX(user_agent), MAX(last_seen),
-                       COUNT(*)
-                FROM (
-                    SELECT DISTINCT user_id, access_token, ip
-                    FROM user_ips
-                    WHERE {}
-                ) c
-                INNER JOIN user_ips USING (user_id, access_token, ip)
-                GROUP BY user_id, access_token, ip
-                HAVING count(*) > 1
-                """.format(
-                    clause
-                ),
-                args,
-            )
-            res = txn.fetchall()
-
-            # We've got some duplicates
-            for i in res:
-                user_id, access_token, ip, device_id, user_agent, last_seen, count = i
-
-                # We want to delete the duplicates so we end up with only a
-                # single row.
-                #
-                # The naive way of doing this would be just to delete all rows
-                # and reinsert a constructed row. However, if there are a lot of
-                # duplicate rows this can cause the table to grow a lot, which
-                # can be problematic in two ways:
-                #   1. If user_ips is already large then this can cause the
-                #      table to rapidly grow, potentially filling the disk.
-                #   2. Reinserting a lot of rows can confuse the table
-                #      statistics for postgres, causing it to not use the
-                #      correct indices for the query above, resulting in a full
-                #      table scan. This is incredibly slow for large tables and
-                #      can kill database performance. (This seems to mainly
-                #      happen for the last query where the clause is simply `? <
-                #      last_seen`)
-                #
-                # So instead we want to delete all but *one* of the duplicate
-                # rows. That is hard to do reliably, so we cheat and do a two
-                # step process:
-                #   1. Delete all rows with a last_seen strictly less than the
-                #      max last_seen. This hopefully results in deleting all but
-                #      one row the majority of the time, but there may be
-                #      duplicate last_seen
-                #   2. If multiple rows remain, we fall back to the naive method
-                #      and simply delete all rows and reinsert.
-                #
-                # Note that this relies on no new duplicate rows being inserted,
-                # but if that is happening then this entire process is futile
-                # anyway.
-
-                # Do step 1:
-
-                txn.execute(
-                    """
-                    DELETE FROM user_ips
-                    WHERE user_id = ? AND access_token = ? AND ip = ? AND last_seen < ?
-                    """,
-                    (user_id, access_token, ip, last_seen),
-                )
-                if txn.rowcount == count - 1:
-                    # We deleted all but one of the duplicate rows, i.e. there
-                    # is exactly one remaining and so there is nothing left to
-                    # do.
-                    continue
-                elif txn.rowcount >= count:
-                    raise Exception(
-                        "We deleted more duplicate rows from 'user_ips' than expected"
-                    )
-
-                # The previous step didn't delete enough rows, so we fallback to
-                # step 2:
-
-                # Drop all the duplicates
-                txn.execute(
-                    """
-                    DELETE FROM user_ips
-                    WHERE user_id = ? AND access_token = ? AND ip = ?
-                    """,
-                    (user_id, access_token, ip),
-                )
-
-                # Add in one to be the last_seen
-                txn.execute(
-                    """
-                    INSERT INTO user_ips
-                    (user_id, access_token, ip, device_id, user_agent, last_seen)
-                    VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
-                    """,
-                    (user_id, access_token, ip, device_id, user_agent, last_seen),
-                )
-
-            self._background_update_progress_txn(
-                txn, "user_ips_remove_dupes", {"last_seen": end_last_seen}
-            )
-
-        yield self.runInteraction("user_ips_dups_remove", remove)
-
-        if last:
-            yield self._end_background_update("user_ips_remove_dupes")
-
-        return batch_size
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _devices_last_seen_update(self, progress, batch_size):
-        """Background update to insert last seen info into devices table
-        """
-
-        last_user_id = progress.get("last_user_id", "")
-        last_device_id = progress.get("last_device_id", "")
-
-        def _devices_last_seen_update_txn(txn):
-            # This consists of two queries:
-            #
-            #   1. The sub-query searches for the next N devices and joins
-            #      against user_ips to find the max last_seen associated with
-            #      that device.
-            #   2. The outer query then joins again against user_ips on
-            #      user/device/last_seen. This *should* hopefully only
-            #      return one row, but if it does return more than one then
-            #      we'll just end up updating the same device row multiple
-            #      times, which is fine.
-
-            if self.database_engine.supports_tuple_comparison:
-                where_clause = "(user_id, device_id) > (?, ?)"
-                where_args = [last_user_id, last_device_id]
-            else:
-                # We explicitly do a `user_id >= ? AND (...)` here to ensure
-                # that an index is used, as doing `user_id > ? OR (user_id = ? AND ...)`
-                # makes it hard for query optimiser to tell that it can use the
-                # index on user_id
-                where_clause = "user_id >= ? AND (user_id > ? OR device_id > ?)"
-                where_args = [last_user_id, last_user_id, last_device_id]
-
-            sql = """
-                SELECT
-                    last_seen, ip, user_agent, user_id, device_id
-                FROM (
-                    SELECT
-                        user_id, device_id, MAX(u.last_seen) AS last_seen
-                    FROM devices
-                    INNER JOIN user_ips AS u USING (user_id, device_id)
-                    WHERE %(where_clause)s
-                    GROUP BY user_id, device_id
-                    ORDER BY user_id ASC, device_id ASC
-                    LIMIT ?
-                ) c
-                INNER JOIN user_ips AS u USING (user_id, device_id, last_seen)
-            """ % {
-                "where_clause": where_clause
-            }
-            txn.execute(sql, where_args + [batch_size])
-
-            rows = txn.fetchall()
-            if not rows:
-                return 0
-
-            sql = """
-                UPDATE devices
-                SET last_seen = ?, ip = ?, user_agent = ?
-                WHERE user_id = ? AND device_id = ?
-            """
-            txn.execute_batch(sql, rows)
-
-            _, _, _, user_id, device_id = rows[-1]
-            self._background_update_progress_txn(
-                txn,
-                "devices_last_seen",
-                {"last_user_id": user_id, "last_device_id": device_id},
-            )
-
-            return len(rows)
-
-        updated = yield self.runInteraction(
-            "_devices_last_seen_update", _devices_last_seen_update_txn
-        )
-
-        if not updated:
-            yield self._end_background_update("devices_last_seen")
-
-        return updated
-
-
-class ClientIpStore(ClientIpBackgroundUpdateStore):
-    def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
-
-        self.client_ip_last_seen = Cache(
-            name="client_ip_last_seen", keylen=4, max_entries=50000 * CACHE_SIZE_FACTOR
-        )
-
-        super(ClientIpStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
-
-        self.user_ips_max_age = hs.config.user_ips_max_age
-
-        # (user_id, access_token, ip,) -> (user_agent, device_id, last_seen)
-        self._batch_row_update = {}
-
-        self._client_ip_looper = self._clock.looping_call(
-            self._update_client_ips_batch, 5 * 1000
-        )
-        self.hs.get_reactor().addSystemEventTrigger(
-            "before", "shutdown", self._update_client_ips_batch
-        )
-
-        if self.user_ips_max_age:
-            self._clock.looping_call(self._prune_old_user_ips, 5 * 1000)
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def insert_client_ip(
-        self, user_id, access_token, ip, user_agent, device_id, now=None
-    ):
-        if not now:
-            now = int(self._clock.time_msec())
-        key = (user_id, access_token, ip)
-
-        try:
-            last_seen = self.client_ip_last_seen.get(key)
-        except KeyError:
-            last_seen = None
-        yield self.populate_monthly_active_users(user_id)
-        # Rate-limited inserts
-        if last_seen is not None and (now - last_seen) < LAST_SEEN_GRANULARITY:
-            return
-
-        self.client_ip_last_seen.prefill(key, now)
-
-        self._batch_row_update[key] = (user_agent, device_id, now)
-
-    @wrap_as_background_process("update_client_ips")
-    def _update_client_ips_batch(self):
-
-        # If the DB pool has already terminated, don't try updating
-        if not self.hs.get_db_pool().running:
-            return
-
-        to_update = self._batch_row_update
-        self._batch_row_update = {}
-
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "_update_client_ips_batch", self._update_client_ips_batch_txn, to_update
-        )
-
-    def _update_client_ips_batch_txn(self, txn, to_update):
-        if "user_ips" in self._unsafe_to_upsert_tables or (
-            not self.database_engine.can_native_upsert
-        ):
-            self.database_engine.lock_table(txn, "user_ips")
-
-        for entry in iteritems(to_update):
-            (user_id, access_token, ip), (user_agent, device_id, last_seen) = entry
-
-            try:
-                self._simple_upsert_txn(
-                    txn,
-                    table="user_ips",
-                    keyvalues={
-                        "user_id": user_id,
-                        "access_token": access_token,
-                        "ip": ip,
-                    },
-                    values={
-                        "user_agent": user_agent,
-                        "device_id": device_id,
-                        "last_seen": last_seen,
-                    },
-                    lock=False,
-                )
-
-                # Technically an access token might not be associated with
-                # a device so we need to check.
-                if device_id:
-                    self._simple_upsert_txn(
-                        txn,
-                        table="devices",
-                        keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "device_id": device_id},
-                        values={
-                            "user_agent": user_agent,
-                            "last_seen": last_seen,
-                            "ip": ip,
-                        },
-                        lock=False,
-                    )
-            except Exception as e:
-                # Failed to upsert, log and continue
-                logger.error("Failed to insert client IP %r: %r", entry, e)
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_last_client_ip_by_device(self, user_id, device_id):
-        """For each device_id listed, give the user_ip it was last seen on
-
-        Args:
-            user_id (str)
-            device_id (str): If None fetches all devices for the user
-
-        Returns:
-            defer.Deferred: resolves to a dict, where the keys
-            are (user_id, device_id) tuples. The values are also dicts, with
-            keys giving the column names
-        """
-
-        keyvalues = {"user_id": user_id}
-        if device_id is not None:
-            keyvalues["device_id"] = device_id
-
-        res = yield self._simple_select_list(
-            table="devices",
-            keyvalues=keyvalues,
-            retcols=("user_id", "ip", "user_agent", "device_id", "last_seen"),
-        )
-
-        ret = {(d["user_id"], d["device_id"]): d for d in res}
-        for key in self._batch_row_update:
-            uid, access_token, ip = key
-            if uid == user_id:
-                user_agent, did, last_seen = self._batch_row_update[key]
-                if not device_id or did == device_id:
-                    ret[(user_id, device_id)] = {
-                        "user_id": user_id,
-                        "access_token": access_token,
-                        "ip": ip,
-                        "user_agent": user_agent,
-                        "device_id": did,
-                        "last_seen": last_seen,
-                    }
-        return ret
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_user_ip_and_agents(self, user):
-        user_id = user.to_string()
-        results = {}
-
-        for key in self._batch_row_update:
-            uid, access_token, ip, = key
-            if uid == user_id:
-                user_agent, _, last_seen = self._batch_row_update[key]
-                results[(access_token, ip)] = (user_agent, last_seen)
-
-        rows = yield self._simple_select_list(
-            table="user_ips",
-            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
-            retcols=["access_token", "ip", "user_agent", "last_seen"],
-            desc="get_user_ip_and_agents",
-        )
-
-        results.update(
-            ((row["access_token"], row["ip"]), (row["user_agent"], row["last_seen"]))
-            for row in rows
-        )
-        return list(
-            {
-                "access_token": access_token,
-                "ip": ip,
-                "user_agent": user_agent,
-                "last_seen": last_seen,
-            }
-            for (access_token, ip), (user_agent, last_seen) in iteritems(results)
-        )
-
-    @wrap_as_background_process("prune_old_user_ips")
-    async def _prune_old_user_ips(self):
-        """Removes entries in user IPs older than the configured period.
-        """
-
-        if self.user_ips_max_age is None:
-            # Nothing to do
-            return
-
-        if not await self.has_completed_background_update("devices_last_seen"):
-            # Only start pruning if we have finished populating the devices
-            # last seen info.
-            return
-
-        # We do a slightly funky SQL delete to ensure we don't try and delete
-        # too much at once (as the table may be very large from before we
-        # started pruning).
-        #
-        # This works by finding the max last_seen that is less than the given
-        # time, but has no more than N rows before it, deleting all rows with
-        # a lesser last_seen time. (We COALESCE so that the sub-SELECT always
-        # returns exactly one row).
-        sql = """
-            DELETE FROM user_ips
-            WHERE last_seen <= (
-                SELECT COALESCE(MAX(last_seen), -1)
-                FROM (
-                    SELECT last_seen FROM user_ips
-                    WHERE last_seen <= ?
-                    ORDER BY last_seen ASC
-                    LIMIT 5000
-                ) AS u
-            )
-        """
-
-        timestamp = self.clock.time_msec() - self.user_ips_max_age
-
-        def _prune_old_user_ips_txn(txn):
-            txn.execute(sql, (timestamp,))
-
-        await self.runInteraction("_prune_old_user_ips", _prune_old_user_ips_txn)
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/__init__.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..56094078ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/__init__.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d29135588f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,524 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+# Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
+# Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import calendar
+import logging
+import time
+
+from twisted.internet import defer
+
+from synapse.api.constants import PresenceState
+from synapse.storage.engines import PostgresEngine
+from synapse.storage.util.id_generators import (
+    ChainedIdGenerator,
+    IdGenerator,
+    StreamIdGenerator,
+)
+from synapse.util.caches.stream_change_cache import StreamChangeCache
+
+from .account_data import AccountDataStore
+from .appservice import ApplicationServiceStore, ApplicationServiceTransactionStore
+from .client_ips import ClientIpStore
+from .deviceinbox import DeviceInboxStore
+from .devices import DeviceStore
+from .directory import DirectoryStore
+from .e2e_room_keys import EndToEndRoomKeyStore
+from .end_to_end_keys import EndToEndKeyStore
+from .event_federation import EventFederationStore
+from .event_push_actions import EventPushActionsStore
+from .events import EventsStore
+from .events_bg_updates import EventsBackgroundUpdatesStore
+from .filtering import FilteringStore
+from .group_server import GroupServerStore
+from .keys import KeyStore
+from .media_repository import MediaRepositoryStore
+from .monthly_active_users import MonthlyActiveUsersStore
+from .openid import OpenIdStore
+from .presence import PresenceStore, UserPresenceState
+from .profile import ProfileStore
+from .push_rule import PushRuleStore
+from .pusher import PusherStore
+from .receipts import ReceiptsStore
+from .registration import RegistrationStore
+from .rejections import RejectionsStore
+from .relations import RelationsStore
+from .room import RoomStore
+from .roommember import RoomMemberStore
+from .search import SearchStore
+from .signatures import SignatureStore
+from .state import StateStore
+from .stats import StatsStore
+from .stream import StreamStore
+from .tags import TagsStore
+from .transactions import TransactionStore
+from .user_directory import UserDirectoryStore
+from .user_erasure_store import UserErasureStore
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class DataStore(
+    EventsBackgroundUpdatesStore,
+    RoomMemberStore,
+    RoomStore,
+    RegistrationStore,
+    StreamStore,
+    ProfileStore,
+    PresenceStore,
+    TransactionStore,
+    DirectoryStore,
+    KeyStore,
+    StateStore,
+    SignatureStore,
+    ApplicationServiceStore,
+    EventsStore,
+    EventFederationStore,
+    MediaRepositoryStore,
+    RejectionsStore,
+    FilteringStore,
+    PusherStore,
+    PushRuleStore,
+    ApplicationServiceTransactionStore,
+    ReceiptsStore,
+    EndToEndKeyStore,
+    EndToEndRoomKeyStore,
+    SearchStore,
+    TagsStore,
+    AccountDataStore,
+    EventPushActionsStore,
+    OpenIdStore,
+    ClientIpStore,
+    DeviceStore,
+    DeviceInboxStore,
+    UserDirectoryStore,
+    GroupServerStore,
+    UserErasureStore,
+    MonthlyActiveUsersStore,
+    StatsStore,
+    RelationsStore,
+):
+    def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
+        self.hs = hs
+        self._clock = hs.get_clock()
+        self.database_engine = hs.database_engine
+
+        self._stream_id_gen = StreamIdGenerator(
+            db_conn,
+            "events",
+            "stream_ordering",
+            extra_tables=[("local_invites", "stream_id")],
+        )
+        self._backfill_id_gen = StreamIdGenerator(
+            db_conn,
+            "events",
+            "stream_ordering",
+            step=-1,
+            extra_tables=[("ex_outlier_stream", "event_stream_ordering")],
+        )
+        self._presence_id_gen = StreamIdGenerator(
+            db_conn, "presence_stream", "stream_id"
+        )
+        self._device_inbox_id_gen = StreamIdGenerator(
+            db_conn, "device_max_stream_id", "stream_id"
+        )
+        self._public_room_id_gen = StreamIdGenerator(
+            db_conn, "public_room_list_stream", "stream_id"
+        )
+        self._device_list_id_gen = StreamIdGenerator(
+            db_conn, "device_lists_stream", "stream_id"
+        )
+
+        self._access_tokens_id_gen = IdGenerator(db_conn, "access_tokens", "id")
+        self._event_reports_id_gen = IdGenerator(db_conn, "event_reports", "id")
+        self._push_rule_id_gen = IdGenerator(db_conn, "push_rules", "id")
+        self._push_rules_enable_id_gen = IdGenerator(db_conn, "push_rules_enable", "id")
+        self._push_rules_stream_id_gen = ChainedIdGenerator(
+            self._stream_id_gen, db_conn, "push_rules_stream", "stream_id"
+        )
+        self._pushers_id_gen = StreamIdGenerator(
+            db_conn, "pushers", "id", extra_tables=[("deleted_pushers", "stream_id")]
+        )
+        self._group_updates_id_gen = StreamIdGenerator(
+            db_conn, "local_group_updates", "stream_id"
+        )
+
+        if isinstance(self.database_engine, PostgresEngine):
+            self._cache_id_gen = StreamIdGenerator(
+                db_conn, "cache_invalidation_stream", "stream_id"
+            )
+        else:
+            self._cache_id_gen = None
+
+        self._presence_on_startup = self._get_active_presence(db_conn)
+
+        presence_cache_prefill, min_presence_val = self._get_cache_dict(
+            db_conn,
+            "presence_stream",
+            entity_column="user_id",
+            stream_column="stream_id",
+            max_value=self._presence_id_gen.get_current_token(),
+        )
+        self.presence_stream_cache = StreamChangeCache(
+            "PresenceStreamChangeCache",
+            min_presence_val,
+            prefilled_cache=presence_cache_prefill,
+        )
+
+        max_device_inbox_id = self._device_inbox_id_gen.get_current_token()
+        device_inbox_prefill, min_device_inbox_id = self._get_cache_dict(
+            db_conn,
+            "device_inbox",
+            entity_column="user_id",
+            stream_column="stream_id",
+            max_value=max_device_inbox_id,
+            limit=1000,
+        )
+        self._device_inbox_stream_cache = StreamChangeCache(
+            "DeviceInboxStreamChangeCache",
+            min_device_inbox_id,
+            prefilled_cache=device_inbox_prefill,
+        )
+        # The federation outbox and the local device inbox uses the same
+        # stream_id generator.
+        device_outbox_prefill, min_device_outbox_id = self._get_cache_dict(
+            db_conn,
+            "device_federation_outbox",
+            entity_column="destination",
+            stream_column="stream_id",
+            max_value=max_device_inbox_id,
+            limit=1000,
+        )
+        self._device_federation_outbox_stream_cache = StreamChangeCache(
+            "DeviceFederationOutboxStreamChangeCache",
+            min_device_outbox_id,
+            prefilled_cache=device_outbox_prefill,
+        )
+
+        device_list_max = self._device_list_id_gen.get_current_token()
+        self._device_list_stream_cache = StreamChangeCache(
+            "DeviceListStreamChangeCache", device_list_max
+        )
+        self._device_list_federation_stream_cache = StreamChangeCache(
+            "DeviceListFederationStreamChangeCache", device_list_max
+        )
+
+        events_max = self._stream_id_gen.get_current_token()
+        curr_state_delta_prefill, min_curr_state_delta_id = self._get_cache_dict(
+            db_conn,
+            "current_state_delta_stream",
+            entity_column="room_id",
+            stream_column="stream_id",
+            max_value=events_max,  # As we share the stream id with events token
+            limit=1000,
+        )
+        self._curr_state_delta_stream_cache = StreamChangeCache(
+            "_curr_state_delta_stream_cache",
+            min_curr_state_delta_id,
+            prefilled_cache=curr_state_delta_prefill,
+        )
+
+        _group_updates_prefill, min_group_updates_id = self._get_cache_dict(
+            db_conn,
+            "local_group_updates",
+            entity_column="user_id",
+            stream_column="stream_id",
+            max_value=self._group_updates_id_gen.get_current_token(),
+            limit=1000,
+        )
+        self._group_updates_stream_cache = StreamChangeCache(
+            "_group_updates_stream_cache",
+            min_group_updates_id,
+            prefilled_cache=_group_updates_prefill,
+        )
+
+        self._stream_order_on_start = self.get_room_max_stream_ordering()
+        self._min_stream_order_on_start = self.get_room_min_stream_ordering()
+
+        # Used in _generate_user_daily_visits to keep track of progress
+        self._last_user_visit_update = self._get_start_of_day()
+
+        super(DataStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
+
+    def take_presence_startup_info(self):
+        active_on_startup = self._presence_on_startup
+        self._presence_on_startup = None
+        return active_on_startup
+
+    def _get_active_presence(self, db_conn):
+        """Fetch non-offline presence from the database so that we can register
+        the appropriate time outs.
+        """
+
+        sql = (
+            "SELECT user_id, state, last_active_ts, last_federation_update_ts,"
+            " last_user_sync_ts, status_msg, currently_active FROM presence_stream"
+            " WHERE state != ?"
+        )
+        sql = self.database_engine.convert_param_style(sql)
+
+        txn = db_conn.cursor()
+        txn.execute(sql, (PresenceState.OFFLINE,))
+        rows = self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
+        txn.close()
+
+        for row in rows:
+            row["currently_active"] = bool(row["currently_active"])
+
+        return [UserPresenceState(**row) for row in rows]
+
+    def count_daily_users(self):
+        """
+        Counts the number of users who used this homeserver in the last 24 hours.
+        """
+        yesterday = int(self._clock.time_msec()) - (1000 * 60 * 60 * 24)
+        return self.runInteraction("count_daily_users", self._count_users, yesterday)
+
+    def count_monthly_users(self):
+        """
+        Counts the number of users who used this homeserver in the last 30 days.
+        Note this method is intended for phonehome metrics only and is different
+        from the mau figure in synapse.storage.monthly_active_users which,
+        amongst other things, includes a 3 day grace period before a user counts.
+        """
+        thirty_days_ago = int(self._clock.time_msec()) - (1000 * 60 * 60 * 24 * 30)
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "count_monthly_users", self._count_users, thirty_days_ago
+        )
+
+    def _count_users(self, txn, time_from):
+        """
+        Returns number of users seen in the past time_from period
+        """
+        sql = """
+            SELECT COALESCE(count(*), 0) FROM (
+                SELECT user_id FROM user_ips
+                WHERE last_seen > ?
+                GROUP BY user_id
+            ) u
+        """
+        txn.execute(sql, (time_from,))
+        count, = txn.fetchone()
+        return count
+
+    def count_r30_users(self):
+        """
+        Counts the number of 30 day retained users, defined as:-
+         * Users who have created their accounts more than 30 days ago
+         * Where last seen at most 30 days ago
+         * Where account creation and last_seen are > 30 days apart
+
+         Returns counts globaly for a given user as well as breaking
+         by platform
+        """
+
+        def _count_r30_users(txn):
+            thirty_days_in_secs = 86400 * 30
+            now = int(self._clock.time())
+            thirty_days_ago_in_secs = now - thirty_days_in_secs
+
+            sql = """
+                SELECT platform, COALESCE(count(*), 0) FROM (
+                     SELECT
+                        users.name, platform, users.creation_ts * 1000,
+                        MAX(uip.last_seen)
+                     FROM users
+                     INNER JOIN (
+                         SELECT
+                         user_id,
+                         last_seen,
+                         CASE
+                             WHEN user_agent LIKE '%%Android%%' THEN 'android'
+                             WHEN user_agent LIKE '%%iOS%%' THEN 'ios'
+                             WHEN user_agent LIKE '%%Electron%%' THEN 'electron'
+                             WHEN user_agent LIKE '%%Mozilla%%' THEN 'web'
+                             WHEN user_agent LIKE '%%Gecko%%' THEN 'web'
+                             ELSE 'unknown'
+                         END
+                         AS platform
+                         FROM user_ips
+                     ) uip
+                     ON users.name = uip.user_id
+                     AND users.appservice_id is NULL
+                     AND users.creation_ts < ?
+                     AND uip.last_seen/1000 > ?
+                     AND (uip.last_seen/1000) - users.creation_ts > 86400 * 30
+                     GROUP BY users.name, platform, users.creation_ts
+                ) u GROUP BY platform
+            """
+
+            results = {}
+            txn.execute(sql, (thirty_days_ago_in_secs, thirty_days_ago_in_secs))
+
+            for row in txn:
+                if row[0] == "unknown":
+                    pass
+                results[row[0]] = row[1]
+
+            sql = """
+                SELECT COALESCE(count(*), 0) FROM (
+                    SELECT users.name, users.creation_ts * 1000,
+                                                        MAX(uip.last_seen)
+                    FROM users
+                    INNER JOIN (
+                        SELECT
+                        user_id,
+                        last_seen
+                        FROM user_ips
+                    ) uip
+                    ON users.name = uip.user_id
+                    AND appservice_id is NULL
+                    AND users.creation_ts < ?
+                    AND uip.last_seen/1000 > ?
+                    AND (uip.last_seen/1000) - users.creation_ts > 86400 * 30
+                    GROUP BY users.name, users.creation_ts
+                ) u
+            """
+
+            txn.execute(sql, (thirty_days_ago_in_secs, thirty_days_ago_in_secs))
+
+            count, = txn.fetchone()
+            results["all"] = count
+
+            return results
+
+        return self.runInteraction("count_r30_users", _count_r30_users)
+
+    def _get_start_of_day(self):
+        """
+        Returns millisecond unixtime for start of UTC day.
+        """
+        now = time.gmtime()
+        today_start = calendar.timegm((now.tm_year, now.tm_mon, now.tm_mday, 0, 0, 0))
+        return today_start * 1000
+
+    def generate_user_daily_visits(self):
+        """
+        Generates daily visit data for use in cohort/ retention analysis
+        """
+
+        def _generate_user_daily_visits(txn):
+            logger.info("Calling _generate_user_daily_visits")
+            today_start = self._get_start_of_day()
+            a_day_in_milliseconds = 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000
+            now = self.clock.time_msec()
+
+            sql = """
+                INSERT INTO user_daily_visits (user_id, device_id, timestamp)
+                    SELECT u.user_id, u.device_id, ?
+                    FROM user_ips AS u
+                    LEFT JOIN (
+                      SELECT user_id, device_id, timestamp FROM user_daily_visits
+                      WHERE timestamp = ?
+                    ) udv
+                    ON u.user_id = udv.user_id AND u.device_id=udv.device_id
+                    INNER JOIN users ON users.name=u.user_id
+                    WHERE last_seen > ? AND last_seen <= ?
+                    AND udv.timestamp IS NULL AND users.is_guest=0
+                    AND users.appservice_id IS NULL
+                    GROUP BY u.user_id, u.device_id
+            """
+
+            # This means that the day has rolled over but there could still
+            # be entries from the previous day. There is an edge case
+            # where if the user logs in at 23:59 and overwrites their
+            # last_seen at 00:01 then they will not be counted in the
+            # previous day's stats - it is important that the query is run
+            # often to minimise this case.
+            if today_start > self._last_user_visit_update:
+                yesterday_start = today_start - a_day_in_milliseconds
+                txn.execute(
+                    sql,
+                    (
+                        yesterday_start,
+                        yesterday_start,
+                        self._last_user_visit_update,
+                        today_start,
+                    ),
+                )
+                self._last_user_visit_update = today_start
+
+            txn.execute(
+                sql, (today_start, today_start, self._last_user_visit_update, now)
+            )
+            # Update _last_user_visit_update to now. The reason to do this
+            # rather just clamping to the beginning of the day is to limit
+            # the size of the join - meaning that the query can be run more
+            # frequently
+            self._last_user_visit_update = now
+
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "generate_user_daily_visits", _generate_user_daily_visits
+        )
+
+    def get_users(self):
+        """Function to reterive a list of users in users table.
+
+        Args:
+        Returns:
+            defer.Deferred: resolves to list[dict[str, Any]]
+        """
+        return self._simple_select_list(
+            table="users",
+            keyvalues={},
+            retcols=["name", "password_hash", "is_guest", "admin", "user_type"],
+            desc="get_users",
+        )
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_users_paginate(self, order, start, limit):
+        """Function to reterive a paginated list of users from
+        users list. This will return a json object, which contains
+        list of users and the total number of users in users table.
+
+        Args:
+            order (str): column name to order the select by this column
+            start (int): start number to begin the query from
+            limit (int): number of rows to reterive
+        Returns:
+            defer.Deferred: resolves to json object {list[dict[str, Any]], count}
+        """
+        users = yield self.runInteraction(
+            "get_users_paginate",
+            self._simple_select_list_paginate_txn,
+            table="users",
+            keyvalues={"is_guest": False},
+            orderby=order,
+            start=start,
+            limit=limit,
+            retcols=["name", "password_hash", "is_guest", "admin", "user_type"],
+        )
+        count = yield self.runInteraction("get_users_paginate", self.get_user_count_txn)
+        retval = {"users": users, "total": count}
+        return retval
+
+    def search_users(self, term):
+        """Function to search users list for one or more users with
+        the matched term.
+
+        Args:
+            term (str): search term
+            col (str): column to query term should be matched to
+        Returns:
+            defer.Deferred: resolves to list[dict[str, Any]]
+        """
+        return self._simple_search_list(
+            table="users",
+            term=term,
+            col="name",
+            retcols=["name", "password_hash", "is_guest", "admin", "user_type"],
+            desc="search_users",
+        )
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/account_data.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/account_data.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6afbfc0d74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/account_data.py
@@ -0,0 +1,391 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+# Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import abc
+import logging
+
+from canonicaljson import json
+
+from twisted.internet import defer
+
+from synapse.storage._base import SQLBaseStore
+from synapse.storage.util.id_generators import StreamIdGenerator
+from synapse.util.caches.descriptors import cached, cachedInlineCallbacks
+from synapse.util.caches.stream_change_cache import StreamChangeCache
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class AccountDataWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
+    """This is an abstract base class where subclasses must implement
+    `get_max_account_data_stream_id` which can be called in the initializer.
+    """
+
+    # This ABCMeta metaclass ensures that we cannot be instantiated without
+    # the abstract methods being implemented.
+    __metaclass__ = abc.ABCMeta
+
+    def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
+        account_max = self.get_max_account_data_stream_id()
+        self._account_data_stream_cache = StreamChangeCache(
+            "AccountDataAndTagsChangeCache", account_max
+        )
+
+        super(AccountDataWorkerStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def get_max_account_data_stream_id(self):
+        """Get the current max stream ID for account data stream
+
+        Returns:
+            int
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    @cached()
+    def get_account_data_for_user(self, user_id):
+        """Get all the client account_data for a user.
+
+        Args:
+            user_id(str): The user to get the account_data for.
+        Returns:
+            A deferred pair of a dict of global account_data and a dict
+            mapping from room_id string to per room account_data dicts.
+        """
+
+        def get_account_data_for_user_txn(txn):
+            rows = self._simple_select_list_txn(
+                txn,
+                "account_data",
+                {"user_id": user_id},
+                ["account_data_type", "content"],
+            )
+
+            global_account_data = {
+                row["account_data_type"]: json.loads(row["content"]) for row in rows
+            }
+
+            rows = self._simple_select_list_txn(
+                txn,
+                "room_account_data",
+                {"user_id": user_id},
+                ["room_id", "account_data_type", "content"],
+            )
+
+            by_room = {}
+            for row in rows:
+                room_data = by_room.setdefault(row["room_id"], {})
+                room_data[row["account_data_type"]] = json.loads(row["content"])
+
+            return global_account_data, by_room
+
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "get_account_data_for_user", get_account_data_for_user_txn
+        )
+
+    @cachedInlineCallbacks(num_args=2, max_entries=5000)
+    def get_global_account_data_by_type_for_user(self, data_type, user_id):
+        """
+        Returns:
+            Deferred: A dict
+        """
+        result = yield self._simple_select_one_onecol(
+            table="account_data",
+            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "account_data_type": data_type},
+            retcol="content",
+            desc="get_global_account_data_by_type_for_user",
+            allow_none=True,
+        )
+
+        if result:
+            return json.loads(result)
+        else:
+            return None
+
+    @cached(num_args=2)
+    def get_account_data_for_room(self, user_id, room_id):
+        """Get all the client account_data for a user for a room.
+
+        Args:
+            user_id(str): The user to get the account_data for.
+            room_id(str): The room to get the account_data for.
+        Returns:
+            A deferred dict of the room account_data
+        """
+
+        def get_account_data_for_room_txn(txn):
+            rows = self._simple_select_list_txn(
+                txn,
+                "room_account_data",
+                {"user_id": user_id, "room_id": room_id},
+                ["account_data_type", "content"],
+            )
+
+            return {
+                row["account_data_type"]: json.loads(row["content"]) for row in rows
+            }
+
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "get_account_data_for_room", get_account_data_for_room_txn
+        )
+
+    @cached(num_args=3, max_entries=5000)
+    def get_account_data_for_room_and_type(self, user_id, room_id, account_data_type):
+        """Get the client account_data of given type for a user for a room.
+
+        Args:
+            user_id(str): The user to get the account_data for.
+            room_id(str): The room to get the account_data for.
+            account_data_type (str): The account data type to get.
+        Returns:
+            A deferred of the room account_data for that type, or None if
+            there isn't any set.
+        """
+
+        def get_account_data_for_room_and_type_txn(txn):
+            content_json = self._simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
+                txn,
+                table="room_account_data",
+                keyvalues={
+                    "user_id": user_id,
+                    "room_id": room_id,
+                    "account_data_type": account_data_type,
+                },
+                retcol="content",
+                allow_none=True,
+            )
+
+            return json.loads(content_json) if content_json else None
+
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "get_account_data_for_room_and_type", get_account_data_for_room_and_type_txn
+        )
+
+    def get_all_updated_account_data(
+        self, last_global_id, last_room_id, current_id, limit
+    ):
+        """Get all the client account_data that has changed on the server
+        Args:
+            last_global_id(int): The position to fetch from for top level data
+            last_room_id(int): The position to fetch from for per room data
+            current_id(int): The position to fetch up to.
+        Returns:
+            A deferred pair of lists of tuples of stream_id int, user_id string,
+            room_id string, type string, and content string.
+        """
+        if last_room_id == current_id and last_global_id == current_id:
+            return defer.succeed(([], []))
+
+        def get_updated_account_data_txn(txn):
+            sql = (
+                "SELECT stream_id, user_id, account_data_type, content"
+                " FROM account_data WHERE ? < stream_id AND stream_id <= ?"
+                " ORDER BY stream_id ASC LIMIT ?"
+            )
+            txn.execute(sql, (last_global_id, current_id, limit))
+            global_results = txn.fetchall()
+
+            sql = (
+                "SELECT stream_id, user_id, room_id, account_data_type, content"
+                " FROM room_account_data WHERE ? < stream_id AND stream_id <= ?"
+                " ORDER BY stream_id ASC LIMIT ?"
+            )
+            txn.execute(sql, (last_room_id, current_id, limit))
+            room_results = txn.fetchall()
+            return global_results, room_results
+
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "get_all_updated_account_data_txn", get_updated_account_data_txn
+        )
+
+    def get_updated_account_data_for_user(self, user_id, stream_id):
+        """Get all the client account_data for a that's changed for a user
+
+        Args:
+            user_id(str): The user to get the account_data for.
+            stream_id(int): The point in the stream since which to get updates
+        Returns:
+            A deferred pair of a dict of global account_data and a dict
+            mapping from room_id string to per room account_data dicts.
+        """
+
+        def get_updated_account_data_for_user_txn(txn):
+            sql = (
+                "SELECT account_data_type, content FROM account_data"
+                " WHERE user_id = ? AND stream_id > ?"
+            )
+
+            txn.execute(sql, (user_id, stream_id))
+
+            global_account_data = {row[0]: json.loads(row[1]) for row in txn}
+
+            sql = (
+                "SELECT room_id, account_data_type, content FROM room_account_data"
+                " WHERE user_id = ? AND stream_id > ?"
+            )
+
+            txn.execute(sql, (user_id, stream_id))
+
+            account_data_by_room = {}
+            for row in txn:
+                room_account_data = account_data_by_room.setdefault(row[0], {})
+                room_account_data[row[1]] = json.loads(row[2])
+
+            return global_account_data, account_data_by_room
+
+        changed = self._account_data_stream_cache.has_entity_changed(
+            user_id, int(stream_id)
+        )
+        if not changed:
+            return {}, {}
+
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "get_updated_account_data_for_user", get_updated_account_data_for_user_txn
+        )
+
+    @cachedInlineCallbacks(num_args=2, cache_context=True, max_entries=5000)
+    def is_ignored_by(self, ignored_user_id, ignorer_user_id, cache_context):
+        ignored_account_data = yield self.get_global_account_data_by_type_for_user(
+            "m.ignored_user_list",
+            ignorer_user_id,
+            on_invalidate=cache_context.invalidate,
+        )
+        if not ignored_account_data:
+            return False
+
+        return ignored_user_id in ignored_account_data.get("ignored_users", {})
+
+
+class AccountDataStore(AccountDataWorkerStore):
+    def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
+        self._account_data_id_gen = StreamIdGenerator(
+            db_conn, "account_data_max_stream_id", "stream_id"
+        )
+
+        super(AccountDataStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
+
+    def get_max_account_data_stream_id(self):
+        """Get the current max stream id for the private user data stream
+
+        Returns:
+            A deferred int.
+        """
+        return self._account_data_id_gen.get_current_token()
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def add_account_data_to_room(self, user_id, room_id, account_data_type, content):
+        """Add some account_data to a room for a user.
+        Args:
+            user_id(str): The user to add a tag for.
+            room_id(str): The room to add a tag for.
+            account_data_type(str): The type of account_data to add.
+            content(dict): A json object to associate with the tag.
+        Returns:
+            A deferred that completes once the account_data has been added.
+        """
+        content_json = json.dumps(content)
+
+        with self._account_data_id_gen.get_next() as next_id:
+            # no need to lock here as room_account_data has a unique constraint
+            # on (user_id, room_id, account_data_type) so _simple_upsert will
+            # retry if there is a conflict.
+            yield self._simple_upsert(
+                desc="add_room_account_data",
+                table="room_account_data",
+                keyvalues={
+                    "user_id": user_id,
+                    "room_id": room_id,
+                    "account_data_type": account_data_type,
+                },
+                values={"stream_id": next_id, "content": content_json},
+                lock=False,
+            )
+
+            # it's theoretically possible for the above to succeed and the
+            # below to fail - in which case we might reuse a stream id on
+            # restart, and the above update might not get propagated. That
+            # doesn't sound any worse than the whole update getting lost,
+            # which is what would happen if we combined the two into one
+            # transaction.
+            yield self._update_max_stream_id(next_id)
+
+            self._account_data_stream_cache.entity_has_changed(user_id, next_id)
+            self.get_account_data_for_user.invalidate((user_id,))
+            self.get_account_data_for_room.invalidate((user_id, room_id))
+            self.get_account_data_for_room_and_type.prefill(
+                (user_id, room_id, account_data_type), content
+            )
+
+        result = self._account_data_id_gen.get_current_token()
+        return result
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def add_account_data_for_user(self, user_id, account_data_type, content):
+        """Add some account_data to a room for a user.
+        Args:
+            user_id(str): The user to add a tag for.
+            account_data_type(str): The type of account_data to add.
+            content(dict): A json object to associate with the tag.
+        Returns:
+            A deferred that completes once the account_data has been added.
+        """
+        content_json = json.dumps(content)
+
+        with self._account_data_id_gen.get_next() as next_id:
+            # no need to lock here as account_data has a unique constraint on
+            # (user_id, account_data_type) so _simple_upsert will retry if
+            # there is a conflict.
+            yield self._simple_upsert(
+                desc="add_user_account_data",
+                table="account_data",
+                keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "account_data_type": account_data_type},
+                values={"stream_id": next_id, "content": content_json},
+                lock=False,
+            )
+
+            # it's theoretically possible for the above to succeed and the
+            # below to fail - in which case we might reuse a stream id on
+            # restart, and the above update might not get propagated. That
+            # doesn't sound any worse than the whole update getting lost,
+            # which is what would happen if we combined the two into one
+            # transaction.
+            yield self._update_max_stream_id(next_id)
+
+            self._account_data_stream_cache.entity_has_changed(user_id, next_id)
+            self.get_account_data_for_user.invalidate((user_id,))
+            self.get_global_account_data_by_type_for_user.invalidate(
+                (account_data_type, user_id)
+            )
+
+        result = self._account_data_id_gen.get_current_token()
+        return result
+
+    def _update_max_stream_id(self, next_id):
+        """Update the max stream_id
+
+        Args:
+            next_id(int): The the revision to advance to.
+        """
+
+        def _update(txn):
+            update_max_id_sql = (
+                "UPDATE account_data_max_stream_id"
+                " SET stream_id = ?"
+                " WHERE stream_id < ?"
+            )
+            txn.execute(update_max_id_sql, (next_id, next_id))
+
+        return self.runInteraction("update_account_data_max_stream_id", _update)
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/appservice.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/appservice.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..81babf2029
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/appservice.py
@@ -0,0 +1,367 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+# Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+import logging
+import re
+
+from canonicaljson import json
+
+from twisted.internet import defer
+
+from synapse.appservice import AppServiceTransaction
+from synapse.config.appservice import load_appservices
+from synapse.storage._base import SQLBaseStore
+from synapse.storage.data_stores.main.events_worker import EventsWorkerStore
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def _make_exclusive_regex(services_cache):
+    # We precompie a regex constructed from all the regexes that the AS's
+    # have registered for exclusive users.
+    exclusive_user_regexes = [
+        regex.pattern
+        for service in services_cache
+        for regex in service.get_exlusive_user_regexes()
+    ]
+    if exclusive_user_regexes:
+        exclusive_user_regex = "|".join("(" + r + ")" for r in exclusive_user_regexes)
+        exclusive_user_regex = re.compile(exclusive_user_regex)
+    else:
+        # We handle this case specially otherwise the constructed regex
+        # will always match
+        exclusive_user_regex = None
+
+    return exclusive_user_regex
+
+
+class ApplicationServiceWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
+    def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
+        self.services_cache = load_appservices(
+            hs.hostname, hs.config.app_service_config_files
+        )
+        self.exclusive_user_regex = _make_exclusive_regex(self.services_cache)
+
+        super(ApplicationServiceWorkerStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
+
+    def get_app_services(self):
+        return self.services_cache
+
+    def get_if_app_services_interested_in_user(self, user_id):
+        """Check if the user is one associated with an app service (exclusively)
+        """
+        if self.exclusive_user_regex:
+            return bool(self.exclusive_user_regex.match(user_id))
+        else:
+            return False
+
+    def get_app_service_by_user_id(self, user_id):
+        """Retrieve an application service from their user ID.
+
+        All application services have associated with them a particular user ID.
+        There is no distinguishing feature on the user ID which indicates it
+        represents an application service. This function allows you to map from
+        a user ID to an application service.
+
+        Args:
+            user_id(str): The user ID to see if it is an application service.
+        Returns:
+            synapse.appservice.ApplicationService or None.
+        """
+        for service in self.services_cache:
+            if service.sender == user_id:
+                return service
+        return None
+
+    def get_app_service_by_token(self, token):
+        """Get the application service with the given appservice token.
+
+        Args:
+            token (str): The application service token.
+        Returns:
+            synapse.appservice.ApplicationService or None.
+        """
+        for service in self.services_cache:
+            if service.token == token:
+                return service
+        return None
+
+    def get_app_service_by_id(self, as_id):
+        """Get the application service with the given appservice ID.
+
+        Args:
+            as_id (str): The application service ID.
+        Returns:
+            synapse.appservice.ApplicationService or None.
+        """
+        for service in self.services_cache:
+            if service.id == as_id:
+                return service
+        return None
+
+
+class ApplicationServiceStore(ApplicationServiceWorkerStore):
+    # This is currently empty due to there not being any AS storage functions
+    # that can't be run on the workers. Since this may change in future, and
+    # to keep consistency with the other stores, we keep this empty class for
+    # now.
+    pass
+
+
+class ApplicationServiceTransactionWorkerStore(
+    ApplicationServiceWorkerStore, EventsWorkerStore
+):
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_appservices_by_state(self, state):
+        """Get a list of application services based on their state.
+
+        Args:
+            state(ApplicationServiceState): The state to filter on.
+        Returns:
+            A Deferred which resolves to a list of ApplicationServices, which
+            may be empty.
+        """
+        results = yield self._simple_select_list(
+            "application_services_state", dict(state=state), ["as_id"]
+        )
+        # NB: This assumes this class is linked with ApplicationServiceStore
+        as_list = self.get_app_services()
+        services = []
+
+        for res in results:
+            for service in as_list:
+                if service.id == res["as_id"]:
+                    services.append(service)
+        return services
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_appservice_state(self, service):
+        """Get the application service state.
+
+        Args:
+            service(ApplicationService): The service whose state to set.
+        Returns:
+            A Deferred which resolves to ApplicationServiceState.
+        """
+        result = yield self._simple_select_one(
+            "application_services_state",
+            dict(as_id=service.id),
+            ["state"],
+            allow_none=True,
+            desc="get_appservice_state",
+        )
+        if result:
+            return result.get("state")
+        return None
+
+    def set_appservice_state(self, service, state):
+        """Set the application service state.
+
+        Args:
+            service(ApplicationService): The service whose state to set.
+            state(ApplicationServiceState): The connectivity state to apply.
+        Returns:
+            A Deferred which resolves when the state was set successfully.
+        """
+        return self._simple_upsert(
+            "application_services_state", dict(as_id=service.id), dict(state=state)
+        )
+
+    def create_appservice_txn(self, service, events):
+        """Atomically creates a new transaction for this application service
+        with the given list of events.
+
+        Args:
+            service(ApplicationService): The service who the transaction is for.
+            events(list<Event>): A list of events to put in the transaction.
+        Returns:
+            AppServiceTransaction: A new transaction.
+        """
+
+        def _create_appservice_txn(txn):
+            # work out new txn id (highest txn id for this service += 1)
+            # The highest id may be the last one sent (in which case it is last_txn)
+            # or it may be the highest in the txns list (which are waiting to be/are
+            # being sent)
+            last_txn_id = self._get_last_txn(txn, service.id)
+
+            txn.execute(
+                "SELECT MAX(txn_id) FROM application_services_txns WHERE as_id=?",
+                (service.id,),
+            )
+            highest_txn_id = txn.fetchone()[0]
+            if highest_txn_id is None:
+                highest_txn_id = 0
+
+            new_txn_id = max(highest_txn_id, last_txn_id) + 1
+
+            # Insert new txn into txn table
+            event_ids = json.dumps([e.event_id for e in events])
+            txn.execute(
+                "INSERT INTO application_services_txns(as_id, txn_id, event_ids) "
+                "VALUES(?,?,?)",
+                (service.id, new_txn_id, event_ids),
+            )
+            return AppServiceTransaction(service=service, id=new_txn_id, events=events)
+
+        return self.runInteraction("create_appservice_txn", _create_appservice_txn)
+
+    def complete_appservice_txn(self, txn_id, service):
+        """Completes an application service transaction.
+
+        Args:
+            txn_id(str): The transaction ID being completed.
+            service(ApplicationService): The application service which was sent
+            this transaction.
+        Returns:
+            A Deferred which resolves if this transaction was stored
+            successfully.
+        """
+        txn_id = int(txn_id)
+
+        def _complete_appservice_txn(txn):
+            # Debugging query: Make sure the txn being completed is EXACTLY +1 from
+            # what was there before. If it isn't, we've got problems (e.g. the AS
+            # has probably missed some events), so whine loudly but still continue,
+            # since it shouldn't fail completion of the transaction.
+            last_txn_id = self._get_last_txn(txn, service.id)
+            if (last_txn_id + 1) != txn_id:
+                logger.error(
+                    "appservice: Completing a transaction which has an ID > 1 from "
+                    "the last ID sent to this AS. We've either dropped events or "
+                    "sent it to the AS out of order. FIX ME. last_txn=%s "
+                    "completing_txn=%s service_id=%s",
+                    last_txn_id,
+                    txn_id,
+                    service.id,
+                )
+
+            # Set current txn_id for AS to 'txn_id'
+            self._simple_upsert_txn(
+                txn,
+                "application_services_state",
+                dict(as_id=service.id),
+                dict(last_txn=txn_id),
+            )
+
+            # Delete txn
+            self._simple_delete_txn(
+                txn, "application_services_txns", dict(txn_id=txn_id, as_id=service.id)
+            )
+
+        return self.runInteraction("complete_appservice_txn", _complete_appservice_txn)
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_oldest_unsent_txn(self, service):
+        """Get the oldest transaction which has not been sent for this
+        service.
+
+        Args:
+            service(ApplicationService): The app service to get the oldest txn.
+        Returns:
+            A Deferred which resolves to an AppServiceTransaction or
+            None.
+        """
+
+        def _get_oldest_unsent_txn(txn):
+            # Monotonically increasing txn ids, so just select the smallest
+            # one in the txns table (we delete them when they are sent)
+            txn.execute(
+                "SELECT * FROM application_services_txns WHERE as_id=?"
+                " ORDER BY txn_id ASC LIMIT 1",
+                (service.id,),
+            )
+            rows = self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
+            if not rows:
+                return None
+
+            entry = rows[0]
+
+            return entry
+
+        entry = yield self.runInteraction(
+            "get_oldest_unsent_appservice_txn", _get_oldest_unsent_txn
+        )
+
+        if not entry:
+            return None
+
+        event_ids = json.loads(entry["event_ids"])
+
+        events = yield self.get_events_as_list(event_ids)
+
+        return AppServiceTransaction(service=service, id=entry["txn_id"], events=events)
+
+    def _get_last_txn(self, txn, service_id):
+        txn.execute(
+            "SELECT last_txn FROM application_services_state WHERE as_id=?",
+            (service_id,),
+        )
+        last_txn_id = txn.fetchone()
+        if last_txn_id is None or last_txn_id[0] is None:  # no row exists
+            return 0
+        else:
+            return int(last_txn_id[0])  # select 'last_txn' col
+
+    def set_appservice_last_pos(self, pos):
+        def set_appservice_last_pos_txn(txn):
+            txn.execute(
+                "UPDATE appservice_stream_position SET stream_ordering = ?", (pos,)
+            )
+
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "set_appservice_last_pos", set_appservice_last_pos_txn
+        )
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_new_events_for_appservice(self, current_id, limit):
+        """Get all new evnets"""
+
+        def get_new_events_for_appservice_txn(txn):
+            sql = (
+                "SELECT e.stream_ordering, e.event_id"
+                " FROM events AS e"
+                " WHERE"
+                " (SELECT stream_ordering FROM appservice_stream_position)"
+                "     < e.stream_ordering"
+                " AND e.stream_ordering <= ?"
+                " ORDER BY e.stream_ordering ASC"
+                " LIMIT ?"
+            )
+
+            txn.execute(sql, (current_id, limit))
+            rows = txn.fetchall()
+
+            upper_bound = current_id
+            if len(rows) == limit:
+                upper_bound = rows[-1][0]
+
+            return upper_bound, [row[1] for row in rows]
+
+        upper_bound, event_ids = yield self.runInteraction(
+            "get_new_events_for_appservice", get_new_events_for_appservice_txn
+        )
+
+        events = yield self.get_events_as_list(event_ids)
+
+        return upper_bound, events
+
+
+class ApplicationServiceTransactionStore(ApplicationServiceTransactionWorkerStore):
+    # This is currently empty due to there not being any AS storage functions
+    # that can't be run on the workers. Since this may change in future, and
+    # to keep consistency with the other stores, we keep this empty class for
+    # now.
+    pass
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/client_ips.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/client_ips.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..706c6a1f3f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/client_ips.py
@@ -0,0 +1,580 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import logging
+
+from six import iteritems
+
+from twisted.internet import defer
+
+from synapse.metrics.background_process_metrics import wrap_as_background_process
+from synapse.storage import background_updates
+from synapse.storage._base import Cache
+from synapse.util.caches import CACHE_SIZE_FACTOR
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+# Number of msec of granularity to store the user IP 'last seen' time. Smaller
+# times give more inserts into the database even for readonly API hits
+# 120 seconds == 2 minutes
+LAST_SEEN_GRANULARITY = 120 * 1000
+
+
+class ClientIpBackgroundUpdateStore(background_updates.BackgroundUpdateStore):
+    def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
+        super(ClientIpBackgroundUpdateStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
+
+        self.register_background_index_update(
+            "user_ips_device_index",
+            index_name="user_ips_device_id",
+            table="user_ips",
+            columns=["user_id", "device_id", "last_seen"],
+        )
+
+        self.register_background_index_update(
+            "user_ips_last_seen_index",
+            index_name="user_ips_last_seen",
+            table="user_ips",
+            columns=["user_id", "last_seen"],
+        )
+
+        self.register_background_index_update(
+            "user_ips_last_seen_only_index",
+            index_name="user_ips_last_seen_only",
+            table="user_ips",
+            columns=["last_seen"],
+        )
+
+        self.register_background_update_handler(
+            "user_ips_analyze", self._analyze_user_ip
+        )
+
+        self.register_background_update_handler(
+            "user_ips_remove_dupes", self._remove_user_ip_dupes
+        )
+
+        # Register a unique index
+        self.register_background_index_update(
+            "user_ips_device_unique_index",
+            index_name="user_ips_user_token_ip_unique_index",
+            table="user_ips",
+            columns=["user_id", "access_token", "ip"],
+            unique=True,
+        )
+
+        # Drop the old non-unique index
+        self.register_background_update_handler(
+            "user_ips_drop_nonunique_index", self._remove_user_ip_nonunique
+        )
+
+        # Update the last seen info in devices.
+        self.register_background_update_handler(
+            "devices_last_seen", self._devices_last_seen_update
+        )
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def _remove_user_ip_nonunique(self, progress, batch_size):
+        def f(conn):
+            txn = conn.cursor()
+            txn.execute("DROP INDEX IF EXISTS user_ips_user_ip")
+            txn.close()
+
+        yield self.runWithConnection(f)
+        yield self._end_background_update("user_ips_drop_nonunique_index")
+        return 1
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def _analyze_user_ip(self, progress, batch_size):
+        # Background update to analyze user_ips table before we run the
+        # deduplication background update. The table may not have been analyzed
+        # for ages due to the table locks.
+        #
+        # This will lock out the naive upserts to user_ips while it happens, but
+        # the analyze should be quick (28GB table takes ~10s)
+        def user_ips_analyze(txn):
+            txn.execute("ANALYZE user_ips")
+
+        yield self.runInteraction("user_ips_analyze", user_ips_analyze)
+
+        yield self._end_background_update("user_ips_analyze")
+
+        return 1
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def _remove_user_ip_dupes(self, progress, batch_size):
+        # This works function works by scanning the user_ips table in batches
+        # based on `last_seen`. For each row in a batch it searches the rest of
+        # the table to see if there are any duplicates, if there are then they
+        # are removed and replaced with a suitable row.
+
+        # Fetch the start of the batch
+        begin_last_seen = progress.get("last_seen", 0)
+
+        def get_last_seen(txn):
+            txn.execute(
+                """
+                SELECT last_seen FROM user_ips
+                WHERE last_seen > ?
+                ORDER BY last_seen
+                LIMIT 1
+                OFFSET ?
+                """,
+                (begin_last_seen, batch_size),
+            )
+            row = txn.fetchone()
+            if row:
+                return row[0]
+            else:
+                return None
+
+        # Get a last seen that has roughly `batch_size` since `begin_last_seen`
+        end_last_seen = yield self.runInteraction(
+            "user_ips_dups_get_last_seen", get_last_seen
+        )
+
+        # If it returns None, then we're processing the last batch
+        last = end_last_seen is None
+
+        logger.info(
+            "Scanning for duplicate 'user_ips' rows in range: %s <= last_seen < %s",
+            begin_last_seen,
+            end_last_seen,
+        )
+
+        def remove(txn):
+            # This works by looking at all entries in the given time span, and
+            # then for each (user_id, access_token, ip) tuple in that range
+            # checking for any duplicates in the rest of the table (via a join).
+            # It then only returns entries which have duplicates, and the max
+            # last_seen across all duplicates, which can the be used to delete
+            # all other duplicates.
+            # It is efficient due to the existence of (user_id, access_token,
+            # ip) and (last_seen) indices.
+
+            # Define the search space, which requires handling the last batch in
+            # a different way
+            if last:
+                clause = "? <= last_seen"
+                args = (begin_last_seen,)
+            else:
+                clause = "? <= last_seen AND last_seen < ?"
+                args = (begin_last_seen, end_last_seen)
+
+            # (Note: The DISTINCT in the inner query is important to ensure that
+            # the COUNT(*) is accurate, otherwise double counting may happen due
+            # to the join effectively being a cross product)
+            txn.execute(
+                """
+                SELECT user_id, access_token, ip,
+                       MAX(device_id), MAX(user_agent), MAX(last_seen),
+                       COUNT(*)
+                FROM (
+                    SELECT DISTINCT user_id, access_token, ip
+                    FROM user_ips
+                    WHERE {}
+                ) c
+                INNER JOIN user_ips USING (user_id, access_token, ip)
+                GROUP BY user_id, access_token, ip
+                HAVING count(*) > 1
+                """.format(
+                    clause
+                ),
+                args,
+            )
+            res = txn.fetchall()
+
+            # We've got some duplicates
+            for i in res:
+                user_id, access_token, ip, device_id, user_agent, last_seen, count = i
+
+                # We want to delete the duplicates so we end up with only a
+                # single row.
+                #
+                # The naive way of doing this would be just to delete all rows
+                # and reinsert a constructed row. However, if there are a lot of
+                # duplicate rows this can cause the table to grow a lot, which
+                # can be problematic in two ways:
+                #   1. If user_ips is already large then this can cause the
+                #      table to rapidly grow, potentially filling the disk.
+                #   2. Reinserting a lot of rows can confuse the table
+                #      statistics for postgres, causing it to not use the
+                #      correct indices for the query above, resulting in a full
+                #      table scan. This is incredibly slow for large tables and
+                #      can kill database performance. (This seems to mainly
+                #      happen for the last query where the clause is simply `? <
+                #      last_seen`)
+                #
+                # So instead we want to delete all but *one* of the duplicate
+                # rows. That is hard to do reliably, so we cheat and do a two
+                # step process:
+                #   1. Delete all rows with a last_seen strictly less than the
+                #      max last_seen. This hopefully results in deleting all but
+                #      one row the majority of the time, but there may be
+                #      duplicate last_seen
+                #   2. If multiple rows remain, we fall back to the naive method
+                #      and simply delete all rows and reinsert.
+                #
+                # Note that this relies on no new duplicate rows being inserted,
+                # but if that is happening then this entire process is futile
+                # anyway.
+
+                # Do step 1:
+
+                txn.execute(
+                    """
+                    DELETE FROM user_ips
+                    WHERE user_id = ? AND access_token = ? AND ip = ? AND last_seen < ?
+                    """,
+                    (user_id, access_token, ip, last_seen),
+                )
+                if txn.rowcount == count - 1:
+                    # We deleted all but one of the duplicate rows, i.e. there
+                    # is exactly one remaining and so there is nothing left to
+                    # do.
+                    continue
+                elif txn.rowcount >= count:
+                    raise Exception(
+                        "We deleted more duplicate rows from 'user_ips' than expected"
+                    )
+
+                # The previous step didn't delete enough rows, so we fallback to
+                # step 2:
+
+                # Drop all the duplicates
+                txn.execute(
+                    """
+                    DELETE FROM user_ips
+                    WHERE user_id = ? AND access_token = ? AND ip = ?
+                    """,
+                    (user_id, access_token, ip),
+                )
+
+                # Add in one to be the last_seen
+                txn.execute(
+                    """
+                    INSERT INTO user_ips
+                    (user_id, access_token, ip, device_id, user_agent, last_seen)
+                    VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
+                    """,
+                    (user_id, access_token, ip, device_id, user_agent, last_seen),
+                )
+
+            self._background_update_progress_txn(
+                txn, "user_ips_remove_dupes", {"last_seen": end_last_seen}
+            )
+
+        yield self.runInteraction("user_ips_dups_remove", remove)
+
+        if last:
+            yield self._end_background_update("user_ips_remove_dupes")
+
+        return batch_size
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def _devices_last_seen_update(self, progress, batch_size):
+        """Background update to insert last seen info into devices table
+        """
+
+        last_user_id = progress.get("last_user_id", "")
+        last_device_id = progress.get("last_device_id", "")
+
+        def _devices_last_seen_update_txn(txn):
+            # This consists of two queries:
+            #
+            #   1. The sub-query searches for the next N devices and joins
+            #      against user_ips to find the max last_seen associated with
+            #      that device.
+            #   2. The outer query then joins again against user_ips on
+            #      user/device/last_seen. This *should* hopefully only
+            #      return one row, but if it does return more than one then
+            #      we'll just end up updating the same device row multiple
+            #      times, which is fine.
+
+            if self.database_engine.supports_tuple_comparison:
+                where_clause = "(user_id, device_id) > (?, ?)"
+                where_args = [last_user_id, last_device_id]
+            else:
+                # We explicitly do a `user_id >= ? AND (...)` here to ensure
+                # that an index is used, as doing `user_id > ? OR (user_id = ? AND ...)`
+                # makes it hard for query optimiser to tell that it can use the
+                # index on user_id
+                where_clause = "user_id >= ? AND (user_id > ? OR device_id > ?)"
+                where_args = [last_user_id, last_user_id, last_device_id]
+
+            sql = """
+                SELECT
+                    last_seen, ip, user_agent, user_id, device_id
+                FROM (
+                    SELECT
+                        user_id, device_id, MAX(u.last_seen) AS last_seen
+                    FROM devices
+                    INNER JOIN user_ips AS u USING (user_id, device_id)
+                    WHERE %(where_clause)s
+                    GROUP BY user_id, device_id
+                    ORDER BY user_id ASC, device_id ASC
+                    LIMIT ?
+                ) c
+                INNER JOIN user_ips AS u USING (user_id, device_id, last_seen)
+            """ % {
+                "where_clause": where_clause
+            }
+            txn.execute(sql, where_args + [batch_size])
+
+            rows = txn.fetchall()
+            if not rows:
+                return 0
+
+            sql = """
+                UPDATE devices
+                SET last_seen = ?, ip = ?, user_agent = ?
+                WHERE user_id = ? AND device_id = ?
+            """
+            txn.execute_batch(sql, rows)
+
+            _, _, _, user_id, device_id = rows[-1]
+            self._background_update_progress_txn(
+                txn,
+                "devices_last_seen",
+                {"last_user_id": user_id, "last_device_id": device_id},
+            )
+
+            return len(rows)
+
+        updated = yield self.runInteraction(
+            "_devices_last_seen_update", _devices_last_seen_update_txn
+        )
+
+        if not updated:
+            yield self._end_background_update("devices_last_seen")
+
+        return updated
+
+
+class ClientIpStore(ClientIpBackgroundUpdateStore):
+    def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
+
+        self.client_ip_last_seen = Cache(
+            name="client_ip_last_seen", keylen=4, max_entries=50000 * CACHE_SIZE_FACTOR
+        )
+
+        super(ClientIpStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
+
+        self.user_ips_max_age = hs.config.user_ips_max_age
+
+        # (user_id, access_token, ip,) -> (user_agent, device_id, last_seen)
+        self._batch_row_update = {}
+
+        self._client_ip_looper = self._clock.looping_call(
+            self._update_client_ips_batch, 5 * 1000
+        )
+        self.hs.get_reactor().addSystemEventTrigger(
+            "before", "shutdown", self._update_client_ips_batch
+        )
+
+        if self.user_ips_max_age:
+            self._clock.looping_call(self._prune_old_user_ips, 5 * 1000)
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def insert_client_ip(
+        self, user_id, access_token, ip, user_agent, device_id, now=None
+    ):
+        if not now:
+            now = int(self._clock.time_msec())
+        key = (user_id, access_token, ip)
+
+        try:
+            last_seen = self.client_ip_last_seen.get(key)
+        except KeyError:
+            last_seen = None
+        yield self.populate_monthly_active_users(user_id)
+        # Rate-limited inserts
+        if last_seen is not None and (now - last_seen) < LAST_SEEN_GRANULARITY:
+            return
+
+        self.client_ip_last_seen.prefill(key, now)
+
+        self._batch_row_update[key] = (user_agent, device_id, now)
+
+    @wrap_as_background_process("update_client_ips")
+    def _update_client_ips_batch(self):
+
+        # If the DB pool has already terminated, don't try updating
+        if not self.hs.get_db_pool().running:
+            return
+
+        to_update = self._batch_row_update
+        self._batch_row_update = {}
+
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "_update_client_ips_batch", self._update_client_ips_batch_txn, to_update
+        )
+
+    def _update_client_ips_batch_txn(self, txn, to_update):
+        if "user_ips" in self._unsafe_to_upsert_tables or (
+            not self.database_engine.can_native_upsert
+        ):
+            self.database_engine.lock_table(txn, "user_ips")
+
+        for entry in iteritems(to_update):
+            (user_id, access_token, ip), (user_agent, device_id, last_seen) = entry
+
+            try:
+                self._simple_upsert_txn(
+                    txn,
+                    table="user_ips",
+                    keyvalues={
+                        "user_id": user_id,
+                        "access_token": access_token,
+                        "ip": ip,
+                    },
+                    values={
+                        "user_agent": user_agent,
+                        "device_id": device_id,
+                        "last_seen": last_seen,
+                    },
+                    lock=False,
+                )
+
+                # Technically an access token might not be associated with
+                # a device so we need to check.
+                if device_id:
+                    self._simple_upsert_txn(
+                        txn,
+                        table="devices",
+                        keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "device_id": device_id},
+                        values={
+                            "user_agent": user_agent,
+                            "last_seen": last_seen,
+                            "ip": ip,
+                        },
+                        lock=False,
+                    )
+            except Exception as e:
+                # Failed to upsert, log and continue
+                logger.error("Failed to insert client IP %r: %r", entry, e)
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_last_client_ip_by_device(self, user_id, device_id):
+        """For each device_id listed, give the user_ip it was last seen on
+
+        Args:
+            user_id (str)
+            device_id (str): If None fetches all devices for the user
+
+        Returns:
+            defer.Deferred: resolves to a dict, where the keys
+            are (user_id, device_id) tuples. The values are also dicts, with
+            keys giving the column names
+        """
+
+        keyvalues = {"user_id": user_id}
+        if device_id is not None:
+            keyvalues["device_id"] = device_id
+
+        res = yield self._simple_select_list(
+            table="devices",
+            keyvalues=keyvalues,
+            retcols=("user_id", "ip", "user_agent", "device_id", "last_seen"),
+        )
+
+        ret = {(d["user_id"], d["device_id"]): d for d in res}
+        for key in self._batch_row_update:
+            uid, access_token, ip = key
+            if uid == user_id:
+                user_agent, did, last_seen = self._batch_row_update[key]
+                if not device_id or did == device_id:
+                    ret[(user_id, device_id)] = {
+                        "user_id": user_id,
+                        "access_token": access_token,
+                        "ip": ip,
+                        "user_agent": user_agent,
+                        "device_id": did,
+                        "last_seen": last_seen,
+                    }
+        return ret
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_user_ip_and_agents(self, user):
+        user_id = user.to_string()
+        results = {}
+
+        for key in self._batch_row_update:
+            uid, access_token, ip, = key
+            if uid == user_id:
+                user_agent, _, last_seen = self._batch_row_update[key]
+                results[(access_token, ip)] = (user_agent, last_seen)
+
+        rows = yield self._simple_select_list(
+            table="user_ips",
+            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
+            retcols=["access_token", "ip", "user_agent", "last_seen"],
+            desc="get_user_ip_and_agents",
+        )
+
+        results.update(
+            ((row["access_token"], row["ip"]), (row["user_agent"], row["last_seen"]))
+            for row in rows
+        )
+        return list(
+            {
+                "access_token": access_token,
+                "ip": ip,
+                "user_agent": user_agent,
+                "last_seen": last_seen,
+            }
+            for (access_token, ip), (user_agent, last_seen) in iteritems(results)
+        )
+
+    @wrap_as_background_process("prune_old_user_ips")
+    async def _prune_old_user_ips(self):
+        """Removes entries in user IPs older than the configured period.
+        """
+
+        if self.user_ips_max_age is None:
+            # Nothing to do
+            return
+
+        if not await self.has_completed_background_update("devices_last_seen"):
+            # Only start pruning if we have finished populating the devices
+            # last seen info.
+            return
+
+        # We do a slightly funky SQL delete to ensure we don't try and delete
+        # too much at once (as the table may be very large from before we
+        # started pruning).
+        #
+        # This works by finding the max last_seen that is less than the given
+        # time, but has no more than N rows before it, deleting all rows with
+        # a lesser last_seen time. (We COALESCE so that the sub-SELECT always
+        # returns exactly one row).
+        sql = """
+            DELETE FROM user_ips
+            WHERE last_seen <= (
+                SELECT COALESCE(MAX(last_seen), -1)
+                FROM (
+                    SELECT last_seen FROM user_ips
+                    WHERE last_seen <= ?
+                    ORDER BY last_seen ASC
+                    LIMIT 5000
+                ) AS u
+            )
+        """
+
+        timestamp = self.clock.time_msec() - self.user_ips_max_age
+
+        def _prune_old_user_ips_txn(txn):
+            txn.execute(sql, (timestamp,))
+
+        await self.runInteraction("_prune_old_user_ips", _prune_old_user_ips_txn)
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/deviceinbox.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/deviceinbox.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f04aad0743
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/deviceinbox.py
@@ -0,0 +1,457 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import logging
+
+from canonicaljson import json
+
+from twisted.internet import defer
+
+from synapse.logging.opentracing import log_kv, set_tag, trace
+from synapse.storage._base import SQLBaseStore, make_in_list_sql_clause
+from synapse.storage.background_updates import BackgroundUpdateStore
+from synapse.util.caches.expiringcache import ExpiringCache
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class DeviceInboxWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
+    def get_to_device_stream_token(self):
+        return self._device_inbox_id_gen.get_current_token()
+
+    def get_new_messages_for_device(
+        self, user_id, device_id, last_stream_id, current_stream_id, limit=100
+    ):
+        """
+        Args:
+            user_id(str): The recipient user_id.
+            device_id(str): The recipient device_id.
+            current_stream_id(int): The current position of the to device
+                message stream.
+        Returns:
+            Deferred ([dict], int): List of messages for the device and where
+                in the stream the messages got to.
+        """
+        has_changed = self._device_inbox_stream_cache.has_entity_changed(
+            user_id, last_stream_id
+        )
+        if not has_changed:
+            return defer.succeed(([], current_stream_id))
+
+        def get_new_messages_for_device_txn(txn):
+            sql = (
+                "SELECT stream_id, message_json FROM device_inbox"
+                " WHERE user_id = ? AND device_id = ?"
+                " AND ? < stream_id AND stream_id <= ?"
+                " ORDER BY stream_id ASC"
+                " LIMIT ?"
+            )
+            txn.execute(
+                sql, (user_id, device_id, last_stream_id, current_stream_id, limit)
+            )
+            messages = []
+            for row in txn:
+                stream_pos = row[0]
+                messages.append(json.loads(row[1]))
+            if len(messages) < limit:
+                stream_pos = current_stream_id
+            return messages, stream_pos
+
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "get_new_messages_for_device", get_new_messages_for_device_txn
+        )
+
+    @trace
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def delete_messages_for_device(self, user_id, device_id, up_to_stream_id):
+        """
+        Args:
+            user_id(str): The recipient user_id.
+            device_id(str): The recipient device_id.
+            up_to_stream_id(int): Where to delete messages up to.
+        Returns:
+            A deferred that resolves to the number of messages deleted.
+        """
+        # If we have cached the last stream id we've deleted up to, we can
+        # check if there is likely to be anything that needs deleting
+        last_deleted_stream_id = self._last_device_delete_cache.get(
+            (user_id, device_id), None
+        )
+
+        set_tag("last_deleted_stream_id", last_deleted_stream_id)
+
+        if last_deleted_stream_id:
+            has_changed = self._device_inbox_stream_cache.has_entity_changed(
+                user_id, last_deleted_stream_id
+            )
+            if not has_changed:
+                log_kv({"message": "No changes in cache since last check"})
+                return 0
+
+        def delete_messages_for_device_txn(txn):
+            sql = (
+                "DELETE FROM device_inbox"
+                " WHERE user_id = ? AND device_id = ?"
+                " AND stream_id <= ?"
+            )
+            txn.execute(sql, (user_id, device_id, up_to_stream_id))
+            return txn.rowcount
+
+        count = yield self.runInteraction(
+            "delete_messages_for_device", delete_messages_for_device_txn
+        )
+
+        log_kv(
+            {"message": "deleted {} messages for device".format(count), "count": count}
+        )
+
+        # Update the cache, ensuring that we only ever increase the value
+        last_deleted_stream_id = self._last_device_delete_cache.get(
+            (user_id, device_id), 0
+        )
+        self._last_device_delete_cache[(user_id, device_id)] = max(
+            last_deleted_stream_id, up_to_stream_id
+        )
+
+        return count
+
+    @trace
+    def get_new_device_msgs_for_remote(
+        self, destination, last_stream_id, current_stream_id, limit
+    ):
+        """
+        Args:
+            destination(str): The name of the remote server.
+            last_stream_id(int|long): The last position of the device message stream
+                that the server sent up to.
+            current_stream_id(int|long): The current position of the device
+                message stream.
+        Returns:
+            Deferred ([dict], int|long): List of messages for the device and where
+                in the stream the messages got to.
+        """
+
+        set_tag("destination", destination)
+        set_tag("last_stream_id", last_stream_id)
+        set_tag("current_stream_id", current_stream_id)
+        set_tag("limit", limit)
+
+        has_changed = self._device_federation_outbox_stream_cache.has_entity_changed(
+            destination, last_stream_id
+        )
+        if not has_changed or last_stream_id == current_stream_id:
+            log_kv({"message": "No new messages in stream"})
+            return defer.succeed(([], current_stream_id))
+
+        if limit <= 0:
+            # This can happen if we run out of room for EDUs in the transaction.
+            return defer.succeed(([], last_stream_id))
+
+        @trace
+        def get_new_messages_for_remote_destination_txn(txn):
+            sql = (
+                "SELECT stream_id, messages_json FROM device_federation_outbox"
+                " WHERE destination = ?"
+                " AND ? < stream_id AND stream_id <= ?"
+                " ORDER BY stream_id ASC"
+                " LIMIT ?"
+            )
+            txn.execute(sql, (destination, last_stream_id, current_stream_id, limit))
+            messages = []
+            for row in txn:
+                stream_pos = row[0]
+                messages.append(json.loads(row[1]))
+            if len(messages) < limit:
+                log_kv({"message": "Set stream position to current position"})
+                stream_pos = current_stream_id
+            return messages, stream_pos
+
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "get_new_device_msgs_for_remote",
+            get_new_messages_for_remote_destination_txn,
+        )
+
+    @trace
+    def delete_device_msgs_for_remote(self, destination, up_to_stream_id):
+        """Used to delete messages when the remote destination acknowledges
+        their receipt.
+
+        Args:
+            destination(str): The destination server_name
+            up_to_stream_id(int): Where to delete messages up to.
+        Returns:
+            A deferred that resolves when the messages have been deleted.
+        """
+
+        def delete_messages_for_remote_destination_txn(txn):
+            sql = (
+                "DELETE FROM device_federation_outbox"
+                " WHERE destination = ?"
+                " AND stream_id <= ?"
+            )
+            txn.execute(sql, (destination, up_to_stream_id))
+
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "delete_device_msgs_for_remote", delete_messages_for_remote_destination_txn
+        )
+
+
+class DeviceInboxBackgroundUpdateStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
+    DEVICE_INBOX_STREAM_ID = "device_inbox_stream_drop"
+
+    def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
+        super(DeviceInboxBackgroundUpdateStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
+
+        self.register_background_index_update(
+            "device_inbox_stream_index",
+            index_name="device_inbox_stream_id_user_id",
+            table="device_inbox",
+            columns=["stream_id", "user_id"],
+        )
+
+        self.register_background_update_handler(
+            self.DEVICE_INBOX_STREAM_ID, self._background_drop_index_device_inbox
+        )
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def _background_drop_index_device_inbox(self, progress, batch_size):
+        def reindex_txn(conn):
+            txn = conn.cursor()
+            txn.execute("DROP INDEX IF EXISTS device_inbox_stream_id")
+            txn.close()
+
+        yield self.runWithConnection(reindex_txn)
+
+        yield self._end_background_update(self.DEVICE_INBOX_STREAM_ID)
+
+        return 1
+
+
+class DeviceInboxStore(DeviceInboxWorkerStore, DeviceInboxBackgroundUpdateStore):
+    DEVICE_INBOX_STREAM_ID = "device_inbox_stream_drop"
+
+    def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
+        super(DeviceInboxStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
+
+        # Map of (user_id, device_id) to the last stream_id that has been
+        # deleted up to. This is so that we can no op deletions.
+        self._last_device_delete_cache = ExpiringCache(
+            cache_name="last_device_delete_cache",
+            clock=self._clock,
+            max_len=10000,
+            expiry_ms=30 * 60 * 1000,
+        )
+
+    @trace
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def add_messages_to_device_inbox(
+        self, local_messages_by_user_then_device, remote_messages_by_destination
+    ):
+        """Used to send messages from this server.
+
+        Args:
+            sender_user_id(str): The ID of the user sending these messages.
+            local_messages_by_user_and_device(dict):
+                Dictionary of user_id to device_id to message.
+            remote_messages_by_destination(dict):
+                Dictionary of destination server_name to the EDU JSON to send.
+        Returns:
+            A deferred stream_id that resolves when the messages have been
+            inserted.
+        """
+
+        def add_messages_txn(txn, now_ms, stream_id):
+            # Add the local messages directly to the local inbox.
+            self._add_messages_to_local_device_inbox_txn(
+                txn, stream_id, local_messages_by_user_then_device
+            )
+
+            # Add the remote messages to the federation outbox.
+            # We'll send them to a remote server when we next send a
+            # federation transaction to that destination.
+            sql = (
+                "INSERT INTO device_federation_outbox"
+                " (destination, stream_id, queued_ts, messages_json)"
+                " VALUES (?,?,?,?)"
+            )
+            rows = []
+            for destination, edu in remote_messages_by_destination.items():
+                edu_json = json.dumps(edu)
+                rows.append((destination, stream_id, now_ms, edu_json))
+            txn.executemany(sql, rows)
+
+        with self._device_inbox_id_gen.get_next() as stream_id:
+            now_ms = self.clock.time_msec()
+            yield self.runInteraction(
+                "add_messages_to_device_inbox", add_messages_txn, now_ms, stream_id
+            )
+            for user_id in local_messages_by_user_then_device.keys():
+                self._device_inbox_stream_cache.entity_has_changed(user_id, stream_id)
+            for destination in remote_messages_by_destination.keys():
+                self._device_federation_outbox_stream_cache.entity_has_changed(
+                    destination, stream_id
+                )
+
+        return self._device_inbox_id_gen.get_current_token()
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def add_messages_from_remote_to_device_inbox(
+        self, origin, message_id, local_messages_by_user_then_device
+    ):
+        def add_messages_txn(txn, now_ms, stream_id):
+            # Check if we've already inserted a matching message_id for that
+            # origin. This can happen if the origin doesn't receive our
+            # acknowledgement from the first time we received the message.
+            already_inserted = self._simple_select_one_txn(
+                txn,
+                table="device_federation_inbox",
+                keyvalues={"origin": origin, "message_id": message_id},
+                retcols=("message_id",),
+                allow_none=True,
+            )
+            if already_inserted is not None:
+                return
+
+            # Add an entry for this message_id so that we know we've processed
+            # it.
+            self._simple_insert_txn(
+                txn,
+                table="device_federation_inbox",
+                values={
+                    "origin": origin,
+                    "message_id": message_id,
+                    "received_ts": now_ms,
+                },
+            )
+
+            # Add the messages to the approriate local device inboxes so that
+            # they'll be sent to the devices when they next sync.
+            self._add_messages_to_local_device_inbox_txn(
+                txn, stream_id, local_messages_by_user_then_device
+            )
+
+        with self._device_inbox_id_gen.get_next() as stream_id:
+            now_ms = self.clock.time_msec()
+            yield self.runInteraction(
+                "add_messages_from_remote_to_device_inbox",
+                add_messages_txn,
+                now_ms,
+                stream_id,
+            )
+            for user_id in local_messages_by_user_then_device.keys():
+                self._device_inbox_stream_cache.entity_has_changed(user_id, stream_id)
+
+        return stream_id
+
+    def _add_messages_to_local_device_inbox_txn(
+        self, txn, stream_id, messages_by_user_then_device
+    ):
+        sql = "UPDATE device_max_stream_id" " SET stream_id = ?" " WHERE stream_id < ?"
+        txn.execute(sql, (stream_id, stream_id))
+
+        local_by_user_then_device = {}
+        for user_id, messages_by_device in messages_by_user_then_device.items():
+            messages_json_for_user = {}
+            devices = list(messages_by_device.keys())
+            if len(devices) == 1 and devices[0] == "*":
+                # Handle wildcard device_ids.
+                sql = "SELECT device_id FROM devices" " WHERE user_id = ?"
+                txn.execute(sql, (user_id,))
+                message_json = json.dumps(messages_by_device["*"])
+                for row in txn:
+                    # Add the message for all devices for this user on this
+                    # server.
+                    device = row[0]
+                    messages_json_for_user[device] = message_json
+            else:
+                if not devices:
+                    continue
+
+                clause, args = make_in_list_sql_clause(
+                    txn.database_engine, "device_id", devices
+                )
+                sql = "SELECT device_id FROM devices WHERE user_id = ? AND " + clause
+
+                # TODO: Maybe this needs to be done in batches if there are
+                # too many local devices for a given user.
+                txn.execute(sql, [user_id] + list(args))
+                for row in txn:
+                    # Only insert into the local inbox if the device exists on
+                    # this server
+                    device = row[0]
+                    message_json = json.dumps(messages_by_device[device])
+                    messages_json_for_user[device] = message_json
+
+            if messages_json_for_user:
+                local_by_user_then_device[user_id] = messages_json_for_user
+
+        if not local_by_user_then_device:
+            return
+
+        sql = (
+            "INSERT INTO device_inbox"
+            " (user_id, device_id, stream_id, message_json)"
+            " VALUES (?,?,?,?)"
+        )
+        rows = []
+        for user_id, messages_by_device in local_by_user_then_device.items():
+            for device_id, message_json in messages_by_device.items():
+                rows.append((user_id, device_id, stream_id, message_json))
+
+        txn.executemany(sql, rows)
+
+    def get_all_new_device_messages(self, last_pos, current_pos, limit):
+        """
+        Args:
+            last_pos(int):
+            current_pos(int):
+            limit(int):
+        Returns:
+            A deferred list of rows from the device inbox
+        """
+        if last_pos == current_pos:
+            return defer.succeed([])
+
+        def get_all_new_device_messages_txn(txn):
+            # We limit like this as we might have multiple rows per stream_id, and
+            # we want to make sure we always get all entries for any stream_id
+            # we return.
+            upper_pos = min(current_pos, last_pos + limit)
+            sql = (
+                "SELECT max(stream_id), user_id"
+                " FROM device_inbox"
+                " WHERE ? < stream_id AND stream_id <= ?"
+                " GROUP BY user_id"
+            )
+            txn.execute(sql, (last_pos, upper_pos))
+            rows = txn.fetchall()
+
+            sql = (
+                "SELECT max(stream_id), destination"
+                " FROM device_federation_outbox"
+                " WHERE ? < stream_id AND stream_id <= ?"
+                " GROUP BY destination"
+            )
+            txn.execute(sql, (last_pos, upper_pos))
+            rows.extend(txn)
+
+            # Order by ascending stream ordering
+            rows.sort()
+
+            return rows
+
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "get_all_new_device_messages", get_all_new_device_messages_txn
+        )
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/devices.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/devices.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ac5239e50a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/devices.py
@@ -0,0 +1,937 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+import logging
+
+from six import iteritems
+
+from canonicaljson import json
+
+from twisted.internet import defer
+
+from synapse.api.errors import StoreError
+from synapse.logging.opentracing import (
+    get_active_span_text_map,
+    set_tag,
+    trace,
+    whitelisted_homeserver,
+)
+from synapse.metrics.background_process_metrics import run_as_background_process
+from synapse.storage._base import (
+    Cache,
+    SQLBaseStore,
+    db_to_json,
+    make_in_list_sql_clause,
+)
+from synapse.storage.background_updates import BackgroundUpdateStore
+from synapse.util import batch_iter
+from synapse.util.caches.descriptors import cached, cachedInlineCallbacks, cachedList
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+DROP_DEVICE_LIST_STREAMS_NON_UNIQUE_INDEXES = (
+    "drop_device_list_streams_non_unique_indexes"
+)
+
+
+class DeviceWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
+    def get_device(self, user_id, device_id):
+        """Retrieve a device.
+
+        Args:
+            user_id (str): The ID of the user which owns the device
+            device_id (str): The ID of the device to retrieve
+        Returns:
+            defer.Deferred for a dict containing the device information
+        Raises:
+            StoreError: if the device is not found
+        """
+        return self._simple_select_one(
+            table="devices",
+            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "device_id": device_id},
+            retcols=("user_id", "device_id", "display_name"),
+            desc="get_device",
+        )
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_devices_by_user(self, user_id):
+        """Retrieve all of a user's registered devices.
+
+        Args:
+            user_id (str):
+        Returns:
+            defer.Deferred: resolves to a dict from device_id to a dict
+            containing "device_id", "user_id" and "display_name" for each
+            device.
+        """
+        devices = yield self._simple_select_list(
+            table="devices",
+            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
+            retcols=("user_id", "device_id", "display_name"),
+            desc="get_devices_by_user",
+        )
+
+        return {d["device_id"]: d for d in devices}
+
+    @trace
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_devices_by_remote(self, destination, from_stream_id, limit):
+        """Get stream of updates to send to remote servers
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred[tuple[int, list[dict]]]:
+                current stream id (ie, the stream id of the last update included in the
+                response), and the list of updates
+        """
+        now_stream_id = self._device_list_id_gen.get_current_token()
+
+        has_changed = self._device_list_federation_stream_cache.has_entity_changed(
+            destination, int(from_stream_id)
+        )
+        if not has_changed:
+            return now_stream_id, []
+
+        # We retrieve n+1 devices from the list of outbound pokes where n is
+        # our outbound device update limit. We then check if the very last
+        # device has the same stream_id as the second-to-last device. If so,
+        # then we ignore all devices with that stream_id and only send the
+        # devices with a lower stream_id.
+        #
+        # If when culling the list we end up with no devices afterwards, we
+        # consider the device update to be too large, and simply skip the
+        # stream_id; the rationale being that such a large device list update
+        # is likely an error.
+        updates = yield self.runInteraction(
+            "get_devices_by_remote",
+            self._get_devices_by_remote_txn,
+            destination,
+            from_stream_id,
+            now_stream_id,
+            limit + 1,
+        )
+
+        # Return an empty list if there are no updates
+        if not updates:
+            return now_stream_id, []
+
+        # if we have exceeded the limit, we need to exclude any results with the
+        # same stream_id as the last row.
+        if len(updates) > limit:
+            stream_id_cutoff = updates[-1][2]
+            now_stream_id = stream_id_cutoff - 1
+        else:
+            stream_id_cutoff = None
+
+        # Perform the equivalent of a GROUP BY
+        #
+        # Iterate through the updates list and copy non-duplicate
+        # (user_id, device_id) entries into a map, with the value being
+        # the max stream_id across each set of duplicate entries
+        #
+        # maps (user_id, device_id) -> (stream_id, opentracing_context)
+        # as long as their stream_id does not match that of the last row
+        #
+        # opentracing_context contains the opentracing metadata for the request
+        # that created the poke
+        #
+        # The most recent request's opentracing_context is used as the
+        # context which created the Edu.
+
+        query_map = {}
+        for update in updates:
+            if stream_id_cutoff is not None and update[2] >= stream_id_cutoff:
+                # Stop processing updates
+                break
+
+            key = (update[0], update[1])
+
+            update_context = update[3]
+            update_stream_id = update[2]
+
+            previous_update_stream_id, _ = query_map.get(key, (0, None))
+
+            if update_stream_id > previous_update_stream_id:
+                query_map[key] = (update_stream_id, update_context)
+
+        # If we didn't find any updates with a stream_id lower than the cutoff, it
+        # means that there are more than limit updates all of which have the same
+        # steam_id.
+
+        # That should only happen if a client is spamming the server with new
+        # devices, in which case E2E isn't going to work well anyway. We'll just
+        # skip that stream_id and return an empty list, and continue with the next
+        # stream_id next time.
+        if not query_map:
+            return stream_id_cutoff, []
+
+        results = yield self._get_device_update_edus_by_remote(
+            destination, from_stream_id, query_map
+        )
+
+        return now_stream_id, results
+
+    def _get_devices_by_remote_txn(
+        self, txn, destination, from_stream_id, now_stream_id, limit
+    ):
+        """Return device update information for a given remote destination
+
+        Args:
+            txn (LoggingTransaction): The transaction to execute
+            destination (str): The host the device updates are intended for
+            from_stream_id (int): The minimum stream_id to filter updates by, exclusive
+            now_stream_id (int): The maximum stream_id to filter updates by, inclusive
+            limit (int): Maximum number of device updates to return
+
+        Returns:
+            List: List of device updates
+        """
+        sql = """
+            SELECT user_id, device_id, stream_id, opentracing_context FROM device_lists_outbound_pokes
+            WHERE destination = ? AND ? < stream_id AND stream_id <= ? AND sent = ?
+            ORDER BY stream_id
+            LIMIT ?
+        """
+        txn.execute(sql, (destination, from_stream_id, now_stream_id, False, limit))
+
+        return list(txn)
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def _get_device_update_edus_by_remote(self, destination, from_stream_id, query_map):
+        """Returns a list of device update EDUs as well as E2EE keys
+
+        Args:
+            destination (str): The host the device updates are intended for
+            from_stream_id (int): The minimum stream_id to filter updates by, exclusive
+            query_map (Dict[(str, str): (int, str|None)]): Dictionary mapping
+                user_id/device_id to update stream_id and the relevent json-encoded
+                opentracing context
+
+        Returns:
+            List[Dict]: List of objects representing an device update EDU
+
+        """
+        devices = yield self.runInteraction(
+            "_get_e2e_device_keys_txn",
+            self._get_e2e_device_keys_txn,
+            query_map.keys(),
+            include_all_devices=True,
+            include_deleted_devices=True,
+        )
+
+        results = []
+        for user_id, user_devices in iteritems(devices):
+            # The prev_id for the first row is always the last row before
+            # `from_stream_id`
+            prev_id = yield self._get_last_device_update_for_remote_user(
+                destination, user_id, from_stream_id
+            )
+            for device_id, device in iteritems(user_devices):
+                stream_id, opentracing_context = query_map[(user_id, device_id)]
+                result = {
+                    "user_id": user_id,
+                    "device_id": device_id,
+                    "prev_id": [prev_id] if prev_id else [],
+                    "stream_id": stream_id,
+                    "org.matrix.opentracing_context": opentracing_context,
+                }
+
+                prev_id = stream_id
+
+                if device is not None:
+                    key_json = device.get("key_json", None)
+                    if key_json:
+                        result["keys"] = db_to_json(key_json)
+                    device_display_name = device.get("device_display_name", None)
+                    if device_display_name:
+                        result["device_display_name"] = device_display_name
+                else:
+                    result["deleted"] = True
+
+                results.append(result)
+
+        return results
+
+    def _get_last_device_update_for_remote_user(
+        self, destination, user_id, from_stream_id
+    ):
+        def f(txn):
+            prev_sent_id_sql = """
+                SELECT coalesce(max(stream_id), 0) as stream_id
+                FROM device_lists_outbound_last_success
+                WHERE destination = ? AND user_id = ? AND stream_id <= ?
+            """
+            txn.execute(prev_sent_id_sql, (destination, user_id, from_stream_id))
+            rows = txn.fetchall()
+            return rows[0][0]
+
+        return self.runInteraction("get_last_device_update_for_remote_user", f)
+
+    def mark_as_sent_devices_by_remote(self, destination, stream_id):
+        """Mark that updates have successfully been sent to the destination.
+        """
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "mark_as_sent_devices_by_remote",
+            self._mark_as_sent_devices_by_remote_txn,
+            destination,
+            stream_id,
+        )
+
+    def _mark_as_sent_devices_by_remote_txn(self, txn, destination, stream_id):
+        # We update the device_lists_outbound_last_success with the successfully
+        # poked users. We do the join to see which users need to be inserted and
+        # which updated.
+        sql = """
+            SELECT user_id, coalesce(max(o.stream_id), 0), (max(s.stream_id) IS NOT NULL)
+            FROM device_lists_outbound_pokes as o
+            LEFT JOIN device_lists_outbound_last_success as s
+                USING (destination, user_id)
+            WHERE destination = ? AND o.stream_id <= ?
+            GROUP BY user_id
+        """
+        txn.execute(sql, (destination, stream_id))
+        rows = txn.fetchall()
+
+        sql = """
+            UPDATE device_lists_outbound_last_success
+            SET stream_id = ?
+            WHERE destination = ? AND user_id = ?
+        """
+        txn.executemany(sql, ((row[1], destination, row[0]) for row in rows if row[2]))
+
+        sql = """
+            INSERT INTO device_lists_outbound_last_success
+            (destination, user_id, stream_id) VALUES (?, ?, ?)
+        """
+        txn.executemany(
+            sql, ((destination, row[0], row[1]) for row in rows if not row[2])
+        )
+
+        # Delete all sent outbound pokes
+        sql = """
+            DELETE FROM device_lists_outbound_pokes
+            WHERE destination = ? AND stream_id <= ?
+        """
+        txn.execute(sql, (destination, stream_id))
+
+    def get_device_stream_token(self):
+        return self._device_list_id_gen.get_current_token()
+
+    @trace
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_user_devices_from_cache(self, query_list):
+        """Get the devices (and keys if any) for remote users from the cache.
+
+        Args:
+            query_list(list): List of (user_id, device_ids), if device_ids is
+                falsey then return all device ids for that user.
+
+        Returns:
+            (user_ids_not_in_cache, results_map), where user_ids_not_in_cache is
+            a set of user_ids and results_map is a mapping of
+            user_id -> device_id -> device_info
+        """
+        user_ids = set(user_id for user_id, _ in query_list)
+        user_map = yield self.get_device_list_last_stream_id_for_remotes(list(user_ids))
+        user_ids_in_cache = set(
+            user_id for user_id, stream_id in user_map.items() if stream_id
+        )
+        user_ids_not_in_cache = user_ids - user_ids_in_cache
+
+        results = {}
+        for user_id, device_id in query_list:
+            if user_id not in user_ids_in_cache:
+                continue
+
+            if device_id:
+                device = yield self._get_cached_user_device(user_id, device_id)
+                results.setdefault(user_id, {})[device_id] = device
+            else:
+                results[user_id] = yield self._get_cached_devices_for_user(user_id)
+
+        set_tag("in_cache", results)
+        set_tag("not_in_cache", user_ids_not_in_cache)
+
+        return user_ids_not_in_cache, results
+
+    @cachedInlineCallbacks(num_args=2, tree=True)
+    def _get_cached_user_device(self, user_id, device_id):
+        content = yield self._simple_select_one_onecol(
+            table="device_lists_remote_cache",
+            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "device_id": device_id},
+            retcol="content",
+            desc="_get_cached_user_device",
+        )
+        return db_to_json(content)
+
+    @cachedInlineCallbacks()
+    def _get_cached_devices_for_user(self, user_id):
+        devices = yield self._simple_select_list(
+            table="device_lists_remote_cache",
+            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
+            retcols=("device_id", "content"),
+            desc="_get_cached_devices_for_user",
+        )
+        return {
+            device["device_id"]: db_to_json(device["content"]) for device in devices
+        }
+
+    def get_devices_with_keys_by_user(self, user_id):
+        """Get all devices (with any device keys) for a user
+
+        Returns:
+            (stream_id, devices)
+        """
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "get_devices_with_keys_by_user",
+            self._get_devices_with_keys_by_user_txn,
+            user_id,
+        )
+
+    def _get_devices_with_keys_by_user_txn(self, txn, user_id):
+        now_stream_id = self._device_list_id_gen.get_current_token()
+
+        devices = self._get_e2e_device_keys_txn(
+            txn, [(user_id, None)], include_all_devices=True
+        )
+
+        if devices:
+            user_devices = devices[user_id]
+            results = []
+            for device_id, device in iteritems(user_devices):
+                result = {"device_id": device_id}
+
+                key_json = device.get("key_json", None)
+                if key_json:
+                    result["keys"] = db_to_json(key_json)
+                device_display_name = device.get("device_display_name", None)
+                if device_display_name:
+                    result["device_display_name"] = device_display_name
+
+                results.append(result)
+
+            return now_stream_id, results
+
+        return now_stream_id, []
+
+    def get_users_whose_devices_changed(self, from_key, user_ids):
+        """Get set of users whose devices have changed since `from_key` that
+        are in the given list of user_ids.
+
+        Args:
+            from_key (str): The device lists stream token
+            user_ids (Iterable[str])
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred[set[str]]: The set of user_ids whose devices have changed
+            since `from_key`
+        """
+        from_key = int(from_key)
+
+        # Get set of users who *may* have changed. Users not in the returned
+        # list have definitely not changed.
+        to_check = list(
+            self._device_list_stream_cache.get_entities_changed(user_ids, from_key)
+        )
+
+        if not to_check:
+            return defer.succeed(set())
+
+        def _get_users_whose_devices_changed_txn(txn):
+            changes = set()
+
+            sql = """
+                SELECT DISTINCT user_id FROM device_lists_stream
+                WHERE stream_id > ?
+                AND
+            """
+
+            for chunk in batch_iter(to_check, 100):
+                clause, args = make_in_list_sql_clause(
+                    txn.database_engine, "user_id", chunk
+                )
+                txn.execute(sql + clause, (from_key,) + tuple(args))
+                changes.update(user_id for user_id, in txn)
+
+            return changes
+
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "get_users_whose_devices_changed", _get_users_whose_devices_changed_txn
+        )
+
+    def get_all_device_list_changes_for_remotes(self, from_key, to_key):
+        """Return a list of `(stream_id, user_id, destination)` which is the
+        combined list of changes to devices, and which destinations need to be
+        poked. `destination` may be None if no destinations need to be poked.
+        """
+        # We do a group by here as there can be a large number of duplicate
+        # entries, since we throw away device IDs.
+        sql = """
+            SELECT MAX(stream_id) AS stream_id, user_id, destination
+            FROM device_lists_stream
+            LEFT JOIN device_lists_outbound_pokes USING (stream_id, user_id, device_id)
+            WHERE ? < stream_id AND stream_id <= ?
+            GROUP BY user_id, destination
+        """
+        return self._execute(
+            "get_all_device_list_changes_for_remotes", None, sql, from_key, to_key
+        )
+
+    @cached(max_entries=10000)
+    def get_device_list_last_stream_id_for_remote(self, user_id):
+        """Get the last stream_id we got for a user. May be None if we haven't
+        got any information for them.
+        """
+        return self._simple_select_one_onecol(
+            table="device_lists_remote_extremeties",
+            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
+            retcol="stream_id",
+            desc="get_device_list_last_stream_id_for_remote",
+            allow_none=True,
+        )
+
+    @cachedList(
+        cached_method_name="get_device_list_last_stream_id_for_remote",
+        list_name="user_ids",
+        inlineCallbacks=True,
+    )
+    def get_device_list_last_stream_id_for_remotes(self, user_ids):
+        rows = yield self._simple_select_many_batch(
+            table="device_lists_remote_extremeties",
+            column="user_id",
+            iterable=user_ids,
+            retcols=("user_id", "stream_id"),
+            desc="get_device_list_last_stream_id_for_remotes",
+        )
+
+        results = {user_id: None for user_id in user_ids}
+        results.update({row["user_id"]: row["stream_id"] for row in rows})
+
+        return results
+
+
+class DeviceBackgroundUpdateStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
+    def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
+        super(DeviceBackgroundUpdateStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
+
+        self.register_background_index_update(
+            "device_lists_stream_idx",
+            index_name="device_lists_stream_user_id",
+            table="device_lists_stream",
+            columns=["user_id", "device_id"],
+        )
+
+        # create a unique index on device_lists_remote_cache
+        self.register_background_index_update(
+            "device_lists_remote_cache_unique_idx",
+            index_name="device_lists_remote_cache_unique_id",
+            table="device_lists_remote_cache",
+            columns=["user_id", "device_id"],
+            unique=True,
+        )
+
+        # And one on device_lists_remote_extremeties
+        self.register_background_index_update(
+            "device_lists_remote_extremeties_unique_idx",
+            index_name="device_lists_remote_extremeties_unique_idx",
+            table="device_lists_remote_extremeties",
+            columns=["user_id"],
+            unique=True,
+        )
+
+        # once they complete, we can remove the old non-unique indexes.
+        self.register_background_update_handler(
+            DROP_DEVICE_LIST_STREAMS_NON_UNIQUE_INDEXES,
+            self._drop_device_list_streams_non_unique_indexes,
+        )
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def _drop_device_list_streams_non_unique_indexes(self, progress, batch_size):
+        def f(conn):
+            txn = conn.cursor()
+            txn.execute("DROP INDEX IF EXISTS device_lists_remote_cache_id")
+            txn.execute("DROP INDEX IF EXISTS device_lists_remote_extremeties_id")
+            txn.close()
+
+        yield self.runWithConnection(f)
+        yield self._end_background_update(DROP_DEVICE_LIST_STREAMS_NON_UNIQUE_INDEXES)
+        return 1
+
+
+class DeviceStore(DeviceWorkerStore, DeviceBackgroundUpdateStore):
+    def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
+        super(DeviceStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
+
+        # Map of (user_id, device_id) -> bool. If there is an entry that implies
+        # the device exists.
+        self.device_id_exists_cache = Cache(
+            name="device_id_exists", keylen=2, max_entries=10000
+        )
+
+        self._clock.looping_call(self._prune_old_outbound_device_pokes, 60 * 60 * 1000)
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def store_device(self, user_id, device_id, initial_device_display_name):
+        """Ensure the given device is known; add it to the store if not
+
+        Args:
+            user_id (str): id of user associated with the device
+            device_id (str): id of device
+            initial_device_display_name (str): initial displayname of the
+               device. Ignored if device exists.
+        Returns:
+            defer.Deferred: boolean whether the device was inserted or an
+                existing device existed with that ID.
+        """
+        key = (user_id, device_id)
+        if self.device_id_exists_cache.get(key, None):
+            return False
+
+        try:
+            inserted = yield self._simple_insert(
+                "devices",
+                values={
+                    "user_id": user_id,
+                    "device_id": device_id,
+                    "display_name": initial_device_display_name,
+                },
+                desc="store_device",
+                or_ignore=True,
+            )
+            self.device_id_exists_cache.prefill(key, True)
+            return inserted
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.error(
+                "store_device with device_id=%s(%r) user_id=%s(%r)"
+                " display_name=%s(%r) failed: %s",
+                type(device_id).__name__,
+                device_id,
+                type(user_id).__name__,
+                user_id,
+                type(initial_device_display_name).__name__,
+                initial_device_display_name,
+                e,
+            )
+            raise StoreError(500, "Problem storing device.")
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def delete_device(self, user_id, device_id):
+        """Delete a device.
+
+        Args:
+            user_id (str): The ID of the user which owns the device
+            device_id (str): The ID of the device to delete
+        Returns:
+            defer.Deferred
+        """
+        yield self._simple_delete_one(
+            table="devices",
+            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "device_id": device_id},
+            desc="delete_device",
+        )
+
+        self.device_id_exists_cache.invalidate((user_id, device_id))
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def delete_devices(self, user_id, device_ids):
+        """Deletes several devices.
+
+        Args:
+            user_id (str): The ID of the user which owns the devices
+            device_ids (list): The IDs of the devices to delete
+        Returns:
+            defer.Deferred
+        """
+        yield self._simple_delete_many(
+            table="devices",
+            column="device_id",
+            iterable=device_ids,
+            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
+            desc="delete_devices",
+        )
+        for device_id in device_ids:
+            self.device_id_exists_cache.invalidate((user_id, device_id))
+
+    def update_device(self, user_id, device_id, new_display_name=None):
+        """Update a device.
+
+        Args:
+            user_id (str): The ID of the user which owns the device
+            device_id (str): The ID of the device to update
+            new_display_name (str|None): new displayname for device; None
+               to leave unchanged
+        Raises:
+            StoreError: if the device is not found
+        Returns:
+            defer.Deferred
+        """
+        updates = {}
+        if new_display_name is not None:
+            updates["display_name"] = new_display_name
+        if not updates:
+            return defer.succeed(None)
+        return self._simple_update_one(
+            table="devices",
+            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "device_id": device_id},
+            updatevalues=updates,
+            desc="update_device",
+        )
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def mark_remote_user_device_list_as_unsubscribed(self, user_id):
+        """Mark that we no longer track device lists for remote user.
+        """
+        yield self._simple_delete(
+            table="device_lists_remote_extremeties",
+            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
+            desc="mark_remote_user_device_list_as_unsubscribed",
+        )
+        self.get_device_list_last_stream_id_for_remote.invalidate((user_id,))
+
+    def update_remote_device_list_cache_entry(
+        self, user_id, device_id, content, stream_id
+    ):
+        """Updates a single device in the cache of a remote user's devicelist.
+
+        Note: assumes that we are the only thread that can be updating this user's
+        device list.
+
+        Args:
+            user_id (str): User to update device list for
+            device_id (str): ID of decivice being updated
+            content (dict): new data on this device
+            stream_id (int): the version of the device list
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred[None]
+        """
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "update_remote_device_list_cache_entry",
+            self._update_remote_device_list_cache_entry_txn,
+            user_id,
+            device_id,
+            content,
+            stream_id,
+        )
+
+    def _update_remote_device_list_cache_entry_txn(
+        self, txn, user_id, device_id, content, stream_id
+    ):
+        if content.get("deleted"):
+            self._simple_delete_txn(
+                txn,
+                table="device_lists_remote_cache",
+                keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "device_id": device_id},
+            )
+
+            txn.call_after(self.device_id_exists_cache.invalidate, (user_id, device_id))
+        else:
+            self._simple_upsert_txn(
+                txn,
+                table="device_lists_remote_cache",
+                keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "device_id": device_id},
+                values={"content": json.dumps(content)},
+                # we don't need to lock, because we assume we are the only thread
+                # updating this user's devices.
+                lock=False,
+            )
+
+        txn.call_after(self._get_cached_user_device.invalidate, (user_id, device_id))
+        txn.call_after(self._get_cached_devices_for_user.invalidate, (user_id,))
+        txn.call_after(
+            self.get_device_list_last_stream_id_for_remote.invalidate, (user_id,)
+        )
+
+        self._simple_upsert_txn(
+            txn,
+            table="device_lists_remote_extremeties",
+            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
+            values={"stream_id": stream_id},
+            # again, we can assume we are the only thread updating this user's
+            # extremity.
+            lock=False,
+        )
+
+    def update_remote_device_list_cache(self, user_id, devices, stream_id):
+        """Replace the entire cache of the remote user's devices.
+
+        Note: assumes that we are the only thread that can be updating this user's
+        device list.
+
+        Args:
+            user_id (str): User to update device list for
+            devices (list[dict]): list of device objects supplied over federation
+            stream_id (int): the version of the device list
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred[None]
+        """
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "update_remote_device_list_cache",
+            self._update_remote_device_list_cache_txn,
+            user_id,
+            devices,
+            stream_id,
+        )
+
+    def _update_remote_device_list_cache_txn(self, txn, user_id, devices, stream_id):
+        self._simple_delete_txn(
+            txn, table="device_lists_remote_cache", keyvalues={"user_id": user_id}
+        )
+
+        self._simple_insert_many_txn(
+            txn,
+            table="device_lists_remote_cache",
+            values=[
+                {
+                    "user_id": user_id,
+                    "device_id": content["device_id"],
+                    "content": json.dumps(content),
+                }
+                for content in devices
+            ],
+        )
+
+        txn.call_after(self._get_cached_devices_for_user.invalidate, (user_id,))
+        txn.call_after(self._get_cached_user_device.invalidate_many, (user_id,))
+        txn.call_after(
+            self.get_device_list_last_stream_id_for_remote.invalidate, (user_id,)
+        )
+
+        self._simple_upsert_txn(
+            txn,
+            table="device_lists_remote_extremeties",
+            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
+            values={"stream_id": stream_id},
+            # we don't need to lock, because we can assume we are the only thread
+            # updating this user's extremity.
+            lock=False,
+        )
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def add_device_change_to_streams(self, user_id, device_ids, hosts):
+        """Persist that a user's devices have been updated, and which hosts
+        (if any) should be poked.
+        """
+        with self._device_list_id_gen.get_next() as stream_id:
+            yield self.runInteraction(
+                "add_device_change_to_streams",
+                self._add_device_change_txn,
+                user_id,
+                device_ids,
+                hosts,
+                stream_id,
+            )
+        return stream_id
+
+    def _add_device_change_txn(self, txn, user_id, device_ids, hosts, stream_id):
+        now = self._clock.time_msec()
+
+        txn.call_after(
+            self._device_list_stream_cache.entity_has_changed, user_id, stream_id
+        )
+        for host in hosts:
+            txn.call_after(
+                self._device_list_federation_stream_cache.entity_has_changed,
+                host,
+                stream_id,
+            )
+
+        # Delete older entries in the table, as we really only care about
+        # when the latest change happened.
+        txn.executemany(
+            """
+            DELETE FROM device_lists_stream
+            WHERE user_id = ? AND device_id = ? AND stream_id < ?
+            """,
+            [(user_id, device_id, stream_id) for device_id in device_ids],
+        )
+
+        self._simple_insert_many_txn(
+            txn,
+            table="device_lists_stream",
+            values=[
+                {"stream_id": stream_id, "user_id": user_id, "device_id": device_id}
+                for device_id in device_ids
+            ],
+        )
+
+        context = get_active_span_text_map()
+
+        self._simple_insert_many_txn(
+            txn,
+            table="device_lists_outbound_pokes",
+            values=[
+                {
+                    "destination": destination,
+                    "stream_id": stream_id,
+                    "user_id": user_id,
+                    "device_id": device_id,
+                    "sent": False,
+                    "ts": now,
+                    "opentracing_context": json.dumps(context)
+                    if whitelisted_homeserver(destination)
+                    else "{}",
+                }
+                for destination in hosts
+                for device_id in device_ids
+            ],
+        )
+
+    def _prune_old_outbound_device_pokes(self):
+        """Delete old entries out of the device_lists_outbound_pokes to ensure
+        that we don't fill up due to dead servers. We keep one entry per
+        (destination, user_id) tuple to ensure that the prev_ids remain correct
+        if the server does come back.
+        """
+        yesterday = self._clock.time_msec() - 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000
+
+        def _prune_txn(txn):
+            select_sql = """
+                SELECT destination, user_id, max(stream_id) as stream_id
+                FROM device_lists_outbound_pokes
+                GROUP BY destination, user_id
+                HAVING min(ts) < ? AND count(*) > 1
+            """
+
+            txn.execute(select_sql, (yesterday,))
+            rows = txn.fetchall()
+
+            if not rows:
+                return
+
+            delete_sql = """
+                DELETE FROM device_lists_outbound_pokes
+                WHERE ts < ? AND destination = ? AND user_id = ? AND stream_id < ?
+            """
+
+            txn.executemany(
+                delete_sql, ((yesterday, row[0], row[1], row[2]) for row in rows)
+            )
+
+            # Since we've deleted unsent deltas, we need to remove the entry
+            # of last successful sent so that the prev_ids are correctly set.
+            sql = """
+                DELETE FROM device_lists_outbound_last_success
+                WHERE destination = ? AND user_id = ?
+            """
+            txn.executemany(sql, ((row[0], row[1]) for row in rows))
+
+            logger.info("Pruned %d device list outbound pokes", txn.rowcount)
+
+        return run_as_background_process(
+            "prune_old_outbound_device_pokes",
+            self.runInteraction,
+            "_prune_old_outbound_device_pokes",
+            _prune_txn,
+        )
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/directory.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/directory.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..297966d9f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/directory.py
@@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+from collections import namedtuple
+
+from twisted.internet import defer
+
+from synapse.api.errors import SynapseError
+from synapse.storage._base import SQLBaseStore
+from synapse.util.caches.descriptors import cached
+
+RoomAliasMapping = namedtuple("RoomAliasMapping", ("room_id", "room_alias", "servers"))
+
+
+class DirectoryWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_association_from_room_alias(self, room_alias):
+        """ Get's the room_id and server list for a given room_alias
+
+        Args:
+            room_alias (RoomAlias)
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred: results in namedtuple with keys "room_id" and
+            "servers" or None if no association can be found
+        """
+        room_id = yield self._simple_select_one_onecol(
+            "room_aliases",
+            {"room_alias": room_alias.to_string()},
+            "room_id",
+            allow_none=True,
+            desc="get_association_from_room_alias",
+        )
+
+        if not room_id:
+            return None
+
+        servers = yield self._simple_select_onecol(
+            "room_alias_servers",
+            {"room_alias": room_alias.to_string()},
+            "server",
+            desc="get_association_from_room_alias",
+        )
+
+        if not servers:
+            return None
+
+        return RoomAliasMapping(room_id, room_alias.to_string(), servers)
+
+    def get_room_alias_creator(self, room_alias):
+        return self._simple_select_one_onecol(
+            table="room_aliases",
+            keyvalues={"room_alias": room_alias},
+            retcol="creator",
+            desc="get_room_alias_creator",
+        )
+
+    @cached(max_entries=5000)
+    def get_aliases_for_room(self, room_id):
+        return self._simple_select_onecol(
+            "room_aliases",
+            {"room_id": room_id},
+            "room_alias",
+            desc="get_aliases_for_room",
+        )
+
+
+class DirectoryStore(DirectoryWorkerStore):
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def create_room_alias_association(self, room_alias, room_id, servers, creator=None):
+        """ Creates an association between a room alias and room_id/servers
+
+        Args:
+            room_alias (RoomAlias)
+            room_id (str)
+            servers (list)
+            creator (str): Optional user_id of creator.
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred
+        """
+
+        def alias_txn(txn):
+            self._simple_insert_txn(
+                txn,
+                "room_aliases",
+                {
+                    "room_alias": room_alias.to_string(),
+                    "room_id": room_id,
+                    "creator": creator,
+                },
+            )
+
+            self._simple_insert_many_txn(
+                txn,
+                table="room_alias_servers",
+                values=[
+                    {"room_alias": room_alias.to_string(), "server": server}
+                    for server in servers
+                ],
+            )
+
+            self._invalidate_cache_and_stream(
+                txn, self.get_aliases_for_room, (room_id,)
+            )
+
+        try:
+            ret = yield self.runInteraction("create_room_alias_association", alias_txn)
+        except self.database_engine.module.IntegrityError:
+            raise SynapseError(
+                409, "Room alias %s already exists" % room_alias.to_string()
+            )
+        return ret
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def delete_room_alias(self, room_alias):
+        room_id = yield self.runInteraction(
+            "delete_room_alias", self._delete_room_alias_txn, room_alias
+        )
+
+        return room_id
+
+    def _delete_room_alias_txn(self, txn, room_alias):
+        txn.execute(
+            "SELECT room_id FROM room_aliases WHERE room_alias = ?",
+            (room_alias.to_string(),),
+        )
+
+        res = txn.fetchone()
+        if res:
+            room_id = res[0]
+        else:
+            return None
+
+        txn.execute(
+            "DELETE FROM room_aliases WHERE room_alias = ?", (room_alias.to_string(),)
+        )
+
+        txn.execute(
+            "DELETE FROM room_alias_servers WHERE room_alias = ?",
+            (room_alias.to_string(),),
+        )
+
+        self._invalidate_cache_and_stream(txn, self.get_aliases_for_room, (room_id,))
+
+        return room_id
+
+    def update_aliases_for_room(self, old_room_id, new_room_id, creator):
+        def _update_aliases_for_room_txn(txn):
+            sql = "UPDATE room_aliases SET room_id = ?, creator = ? WHERE room_id = ?"
+            txn.execute(sql, (new_room_id, creator, old_room_id))
+            self._invalidate_cache_and_stream(
+                txn, self.get_aliases_for_room, (old_room_id,)
+            )
+            self._invalidate_cache_and_stream(
+                txn, self.get_aliases_for_room, (new_room_id,)
+            )
+
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "_update_aliases_for_room_txn", _update_aliases_for_room_txn
+        )
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/e2e_room_keys.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/e2e_room_keys.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ef88e79293
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/e2e_room_keys.py
@@ -0,0 +1,336 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2017 New Vector Ltd
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import json
+
+from twisted.internet import defer
+
+from synapse.api.errors import StoreError
+from synapse.logging.opentracing import log_kv, trace
+from synapse.storage._base import SQLBaseStore
+
+
+class EndToEndRoomKeyStore(SQLBaseStore):
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_e2e_room_key(self, user_id, version, room_id, session_id):
+        """Get the encrypted E2E room key for a given session from a given
+        backup version of room_keys.  We only store the 'best' room key for a given
+        session at a given time, as determined by the handler.
+
+        Args:
+            user_id(str): the user whose backup we're querying
+            version(str): the version ID of the backup for the set of keys we're querying
+            room_id(str): the ID of the room whose keys we're querying.
+                This is a bit redundant as it's implied by the session_id, but
+                we include for consistency with the rest of the API.
+            session_id(str): the session whose room_key we're querying.
+
+        Returns:
+            A deferred dict giving the session_data and message metadata for
+            this room key.
+        """
+
+        row = yield self._simple_select_one(
+            table="e2e_room_keys",
+            keyvalues={
+                "user_id": user_id,
+                "version": version,
+                "room_id": room_id,
+                "session_id": session_id,
+            },
+            retcols=(
+                "first_message_index",
+                "forwarded_count",
+                "is_verified",
+                "session_data",
+            ),
+            desc="get_e2e_room_key",
+        )
+
+        row["session_data"] = json.loads(row["session_data"])
+
+        return row
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def set_e2e_room_key(self, user_id, version, room_id, session_id, room_key):
+        """Replaces or inserts the encrypted E2E room key for a given session in
+        a given backup
+
+        Args:
+            user_id(str): the user whose backup we're setting
+            version(str): the version ID of the backup we're updating
+            room_id(str): the ID of the room whose keys we're setting
+            session_id(str): the session whose room_key we're setting
+            room_key(dict): the room_key being set
+        Raises:
+            StoreError
+        """
+
+        yield self._simple_upsert(
+            table="e2e_room_keys",
+            keyvalues={
+                "user_id": user_id,
+                "version": version,
+                "room_id": room_id,
+                "session_id": session_id,
+            },
+            values={
+                "first_message_index": room_key["first_message_index"],
+                "forwarded_count": room_key["forwarded_count"],
+                "is_verified": room_key["is_verified"],
+                "session_data": json.dumps(room_key["session_data"]),
+            },
+            lock=False,
+        )
+        log_kv(
+            {
+                "message": "Set room key",
+                "room_id": room_id,
+                "session_id": session_id,
+                "room_key": room_key,
+            }
+        )
+
+    @trace
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_e2e_room_keys(self, user_id, version, room_id=None, session_id=None):
+        """Bulk get the E2E room keys for a given backup, optionally filtered to a given
+        room, or a given session.
+
+        Args:
+            user_id(str): the user whose backup we're querying
+            version(str): the version ID of the backup for the set of keys we're querying
+            room_id(str): Optional. the ID of the room whose keys we're querying, if any.
+                If not specified, we return the keys for all the rooms in the backup.
+            session_id(str): Optional. the session whose room_key we're querying, if any.
+                If specified, we also require the room_id to be specified.
+                If not specified, we return all the keys in this version of
+                the backup (or for the specified room)
+
+        Returns:
+            A deferred list of dicts giving the session_data and message metadata for
+            these room keys.
+        """
+
+        try:
+            version = int(version)
+        except ValueError:
+            return {"rooms": {}}
+
+        keyvalues = {"user_id": user_id, "version": version}
+        if room_id:
+            keyvalues["room_id"] = room_id
+            if session_id:
+                keyvalues["session_id"] = session_id
+
+        rows = yield self._simple_select_list(
+            table="e2e_room_keys",
+            keyvalues=keyvalues,
+            retcols=(
+                "user_id",
+                "room_id",
+                "session_id",
+                "first_message_index",
+                "forwarded_count",
+                "is_verified",
+                "session_data",
+            ),
+            desc="get_e2e_room_keys",
+        )
+
+        sessions = {"rooms": {}}
+        for row in rows:
+            room_entry = sessions["rooms"].setdefault(row["room_id"], {"sessions": {}})
+            room_entry["sessions"][row["session_id"]] = {
+                "first_message_index": row["first_message_index"],
+                "forwarded_count": row["forwarded_count"],
+                "is_verified": row["is_verified"],
+                "session_data": json.loads(row["session_data"]),
+            }
+
+        return sessions
+
+    @trace
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def delete_e2e_room_keys(self, user_id, version, room_id=None, session_id=None):
+        """Bulk delete the E2E room keys for a given backup, optionally filtered to a given
+        room or a given session.
+
+        Args:
+            user_id(str): the user whose backup we're deleting from
+            version(str): the version ID of the backup for the set of keys we're deleting
+            room_id(str): Optional. the ID of the room whose keys we're deleting, if any.
+                If not specified, we delete the keys for all the rooms in the backup.
+            session_id(str): Optional. the session whose room_key we're querying, if any.
+                If specified, we also require the room_id to be specified.
+                If not specified, we delete all the keys in this version of
+                the backup (or for the specified room)
+
+        Returns:
+            A deferred of the deletion transaction
+        """
+
+        keyvalues = {"user_id": user_id, "version": int(version)}
+        if room_id:
+            keyvalues["room_id"] = room_id
+            if session_id:
+                keyvalues["session_id"] = session_id
+
+        yield self._simple_delete(
+            table="e2e_room_keys", keyvalues=keyvalues, desc="delete_e2e_room_keys"
+        )
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _get_current_version(txn, user_id):
+        txn.execute(
+            "SELECT MAX(version) FROM e2e_room_keys_versions "
+            "WHERE user_id=? AND deleted=0",
+            (user_id,),
+        )
+        row = txn.fetchone()
+        if not row:
+            raise StoreError(404, "No current backup version")
+        return row[0]
+
+    def get_e2e_room_keys_version_info(self, user_id, version=None):
+        """Get info metadata about a version of our room_keys backup.
+
+        Args:
+            user_id(str): the user whose backup we're querying
+            version(str): Optional. the version ID of the backup we're querying about
+                If missing, we return the information about the current version.
+        Raises:
+            StoreError: with code 404 if there are no e2e_room_keys_versions present
+        Returns:
+            A deferred dict giving the info metadata for this backup version, with
+            fields including:
+                version(str)
+                algorithm(str)
+                auth_data(object): opaque dict supplied by the client
+        """
+
+        def _get_e2e_room_keys_version_info_txn(txn):
+            if version is None:
+                this_version = self._get_current_version(txn, user_id)
+            else:
+                try:
+                    this_version = int(version)
+                except ValueError:
+                    # Our versions are all ints so if we can't convert it to an integer,
+                    # it isn't there.
+                    raise StoreError(404, "No row found")
+
+            result = self._simple_select_one_txn(
+                txn,
+                table="e2e_room_keys_versions",
+                keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "version": this_version, "deleted": 0},
+                retcols=("version", "algorithm", "auth_data"),
+            )
+            result["auth_data"] = json.loads(result["auth_data"])
+            result["version"] = str(result["version"])
+            return result
+
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "get_e2e_room_keys_version_info", _get_e2e_room_keys_version_info_txn
+        )
+
+    @trace
+    def create_e2e_room_keys_version(self, user_id, info):
+        """Atomically creates a new version of this user's e2e_room_keys store
+        with the given version info.
+
+        Args:
+            user_id(str): the user whose backup we're creating a version
+            info(dict): the info about the backup version to be created
+
+        Returns:
+            A deferred string for the newly created version ID
+        """
+
+        def _create_e2e_room_keys_version_txn(txn):
+            txn.execute(
+                "SELECT MAX(version) FROM e2e_room_keys_versions WHERE user_id=?",
+                (user_id,),
+            )
+            current_version = txn.fetchone()[0]
+            if current_version is None:
+                current_version = "0"
+
+            new_version = str(int(current_version) + 1)
+
+            self._simple_insert_txn(
+                txn,
+                table="e2e_room_keys_versions",
+                values={
+                    "user_id": user_id,
+                    "version": new_version,
+                    "algorithm": info["algorithm"],
+                    "auth_data": json.dumps(info["auth_data"]),
+                },
+            )
+
+            return new_version
+
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "create_e2e_room_keys_version_txn", _create_e2e_room_keys_version_txn
+        )
+
+    @trace
+    def update_e2e_room_keys_version(self, user_id, version, info):
+        """Update a given backup version
+
+        Args:
+            user_id(str): the user whose backup version we're updating
+            version(str): the version ID of the backup version we're updating
+            info(dict): the new backup version info to store
+        """
+
+        return self._simple_update(
+            table="e2e_room_keys_versions",
+            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "version": version},
+            updatevalues={"auth_data": json.dumps(info["auth_data"])},
+            desc="update_e2e_room_keys_version",
+        )
+
+    @trace
+    def delete_e2e_room_keys_version(self, user_id, version=None):
+        """Delete a given backup version of the user's room keys.
+        Doesn't delete their actual key data.
+
+        Args:
+            user_id(str): the user whose backup version we're deleting
+            version(str): Optional. the version ID of the backup version we're deleting
+                If missing, we delete the current backup version info.
+        Raises:
+            StoreError: with code 404 if there are no e2e_room_keys_versions present,
+                or if the version requested doesn't exist.
+        """
+
+        def _delete_e2e_room_keys_version_txn(txn):
+            if version is None:
+                this_version = self._get_current_version(txn, user_id)
+            else:
+                this_version = version
+
+            return self._simple_update_one_txn(
+                txn,
+                table="e2e_room_keys_versions",
+                keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "version": this_version},
+                updatevalues={"deleted": 1},
+            )
+
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "delete_e2e_room_keys_version", _delete_e2e_room_keys_version_txn
+        )
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/end_to_end_keys.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/end_to_end_keys.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7e44f41046
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/end_to_end_keys.py
@@ -0,0 +1,322 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+from six import iteritems
+
+from canonicaljson import encode_canonical_json
+
+from twisted.internet import defer
+
+from synapse.logging.opentracing import log_kv, set_tag, trace
+from synapse.storage._base import SQLBaseStore, db_to_json
+from synapse.util.caches.descriptors import cached
+
+
+class EndToEndKeyWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
+    @trace
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_e2e_device_keys(
+        self, query_list, include_all_devices=False, include_deleted_devices=False
+    ):
+        """Fetch a list of device keys.
+        Args:
+            query_list(list): List of pairs of user_ids and device_ids.
+            include_all_devices (bool): whether to include entries for devices
+                that don't have device keys
+            include_deleted_devices (bool): whether to include null entries for
+                devices which no longer exist (but were in the query_list).
+                This option only takes effect if include_all_devices is true.
+        Returns:
+            Dict mapping from user-id to dict mapping from device_id to
+            key data.  The key data will be a dict in the same format as the
+            DeviceKeys type returned by POST /_matrix/client/r0/keys/query.
+        """
+        set_tag("query_list", query_list)
+        if not query_list:
+            return {}
+
+        results = yield self.runInteraction(
+            "get_e2e_device_keys",
+            self._get_e2e_device_keys_txn,
+            query_list,
+            include_all_devices,
+            include_deleted_devices,
+        )
+
+        # Build the result structure, un-jsonify the results, and add the
+        # "unsigned" section
+        rv = {}
+        for user_id, device_keys in iteritems(results):
+            rv[user_id] = {}
+            for device_id, device_info in iteritems(device_keys):
+                r = db_to_json(device_info.pop("key_json"))
+                r["unsigned"] = {}
+                display_name = device_info["device_display_name"]
+                if display_name is not None:
+                    r["unsigned"]["device_display_name"] = display_name
+                rv[user_id][device_id] = r
+
+        return rv
+
+    @trace
+    def _get_e2e_device_keys_txn(
+        self, txn, query_list, include_all_devices=False, include_deleted_devices=False
+    ):
+        set_tag("include_all_devices", include_all_devices)
+        set_tag("include_deleted_devices", include_deleted_devices)
+
+        query_clauses = []
+        query_params = []
+
+        if include_all_devices is False:
+            include_deleted_devices = False
+
+        if include_deleted_devices:
+            deleted_devices = set(query_list)
+
+        for (user_id, device_id) in query_list:
+            query_clause = "user_id = ?"
+            query_params.append(user_id)
+
+            if device_id is not None:
+                query_clause += " AND device_id = ?"
+                query_params.append(device_id)
+
+            query_clauses.append(query_clause)
+
+        sql = (
+            "SELECT user_id, device_id, "
+            "    d.display_name AS device_display_name, "
+            "    k.key_json"
+            " FROM devices d"
+            "    %s JOIN e2e_device_keys_json k USING (user_id, device_id)"
+            " WHERE %s"
+        ) % (
+            "LEFT" if include_all_devices else "INNER",
+            " OR ".join("(" + q + ")" for q in query_clauses),
+        )
+
+        txn.execute(sql, query_params)
+        rows = self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
+
+        result = {}
+        for row in rows:
+            if include_deleted_devices:
+                deleted_devices.remove((row["user_id"], row["device_id"]))
+            result.setdefault(row["user_id"], {})[row["device_id"]] = row
+
+        if include_deleted_devices:
+            for user_id, device_id in deleted_devices:
+                result.setdefault(user_id, {})[device_id] = None
+
+        log_kv(result)
+        return result
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_e2e_one_time_keys(self, user_id, device_id, key_ids):
+        """Retrieve a number of one-time keys for a user
+
+        Args:
+            user_id(str): id of user to get keys for
+            device_id(str): id of device to get keys for
+            key_ids(list[str]): list of key ids (excluding algorithm) to
+                retrieve
+
+        Returns:
+            deferred resolving to Dict[(str, str), str]: map from (algorithm,
+            key_id) to json string for key
+        """
+
+        rows = yield self._simple_select_many_batch(
+            table="e2e_one_time_keys_json",
+            column="key_id",
+            iterable=key_ids,
+            retcols=("algorithm", "key_id", "key_json"),
+            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "device_id": device_id},
+            desc="add_e2e_one_time_keys_check",
+        )
+        result = {(row["algorithm"], row["key_id"]): row["key_json"] for row in rows}
+        log_kv({"message": "Fetched one time keys for user", "one_time_keys": result})
+        return result
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def add_e2e_one_time_keys(self, user_id, device_id, time_now, new_keys):
+        """Insert some new one time keys for a device. Errors if any of the
+        keys already exist.
+
+        Args:
+            user_id(str): id of user to get keys for
+            device_id(str): id of device to get keys for
+            time_now(long): insertion time to record (ms since epoch)
+            new_keys(iterable[(str, str, str)]: keys to add - each a tuple of
+                (algorithm, key_id, key json)
+        """
+
+        def _add_e2e_one_time_keys(txn):
+            set_tag("user_id", user_id)
+            set_tag("device_id", device_id)
+            set_tag("new_keys", new_keys)
+            # We are protected from race between lookup and insertion due to
+            # a unique constraint. If there is a race of two calls to
+            # `add_e2e_one_time_keys` then they'll conflict and we will only
+            # insert one set.
+            self._simple_insert_many_txn(
+                txn,
+                table="e2e_one_time_keys_json",
+                values=[
+                    {
+                        "user_id": user_id,
+                        "device_id": device_id,
+                        "algorithm": algorithm,
+                        "key_id": key_id,
+                        "ts_added_ms": time_now,
+                        "key_json": json_bytes,
+                    }
+                    for algorithm, key_id, json_bytes in new_keys
+                ],
+            )
+            self._invalidate_cache_and_stream(
+                txn, self.count_e2e_one_time_keys, (user_id, device_id)
+            )
+
+        yield self.runInteraction(
+            "add_e2e_one_time_keys_insert", _add_e2e_one_time_keys
+        )
+
+    @cached(max_entries=10000)
+    def count_e2e_one_time_keys(self, user_id, device_id):
+        """ Count the number of one time keys the server has for a device
+        Returns:
+            Dict mapping from algorithm to number of keys for that algorithm.
+        """
+
+        def _count_e2e_one_time_keys(txn):
+            sql = (
+                "SELECT algorithm, COUNT(key_id) FROM e2e_one_time_keys_json"
+                " WHERE user_id = ? AND device_id = ?"
+                " GROUP BY algorithm"
+            )
+            txn.execute(sql, (user_id, device_id))
+            result = {}
+            for algorithm, key_count in txn:
+                result[algorithm] = key_count
+            return result
+
+        return self.runInteraction("count_e2e_one_time_keys", _count_e2e_one_time_keys)
+
+
+class EndToEndKeyStore(EndToEndKeyWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
+    def set_e2e_device_keys(self, user_id, device_id, time_now, device_keys):
+        """Stores device keys for a device. Returns whether there was a change
+        or the keys were already in the database.
+        """
+
+        def _set_e2e_device_keys_txn(txn):
+            set_tag("user_id", user_id)
+            set_tag("device_id", device_id)
+            set_tag("time_now", time_now)
+            set_tag("device_keys", device_keys)
+
+            old_key_json = self._simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
+                txn,
+                table="e2e_device_keys_json",
+                keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "device_id": device_id},
+                retcol="key_json",
+                allow_none=True,
+            )
+
+            # In py3 we need old_key_json to match new_key_json type. The DB
+            # returns unicode while encode_canonical_json returns bytes.
+            new_key_json = encode_canonical_json(device_keys).decode("utf-8")
+
+            if old_key_json == new_key_json:
+                log_kv({"Message": "Device key already stored."})
+                return False
+
+            self._simple_upsert_txn(
+                txn,
+                table="e2e_device_keys_json",
+                keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "device_id": device_id},
+                values={"ts_added_ms": time_now, "key_json": new_key_json},
+            )
+            log_kv({"message": "Device keys stored."})
+            return True
+
+        return self.runInteraction("set_e2e_device_keys", _set_e2e_device_keys_txn)
+
+    def claim_e2e_one_time_keys(self, query_list):
+        """Take a list of one time keys out of the database"""
+
+        @trace
+        def _claim_e2e_one_time_keys(txn):
+            sql = (
+                "SELECT key_id, key_json FROM e2e_one_time_keys_json"
+                " WHERE user_id = ? AND device_id = ? AND algorithm = ?"
+                " LIMIT 1"
+            )
+            result = {}
+            delete = []
+            for user_id, device_id, algorithm in query_list:
+                user_result = result.setdefault(user_id, {})
+                device_result = user_result.setdefault(device_id, {})
+                txn.execute(sql, (user_id, device_id, algorithm))
+                for key_id, key_json in txn:
+                    device_result[algorithm + ":" + key_id] = key_json
+                    delete.append((user_id, device_id, algorithm, key_id))
+            sql = (
+                "DELETE FROM e2e_one_time_keys_json"
+                " WHERE user_id = ? AND device_id = ? AND algorithm = ?"
+                " AND key_id = ?"
+            )
+            for user_id, device_id, algorithm, key_id in delete:
+                log_kv(
+                    {
+                        "message": "Executing claim e2e_one_time_keys transaction on database."
+                    }
+                )
+                txn.execute(sql, (user_id, device_id, algorithm, key_id))
+                log_kv({"message": "finished executing and invalidating cache"})
+                self._invalidate_cache_and_stream(
+                    txn, self.count_e2e_one_time_keys, (user_id, device_id)
+                )
+            return result
+
+        return self.runInteraction("claim_e2e_one_time_keys", _claim_e2e_one_time_keys)
+
+    def delete_e2e_keys_by_device(self, user_id, device_id):
+        def delete_e2e_keys_by_device_txn(txn):
+            log_kv(
+                {
+                    "message": "Deleting keys for device",
+                    "device_id": device_id,
+                    "user_id": user_id,
+                }
+            )
+            self._simple_delete_txn(
+                txn,
+                table="e2e_device_keys_json",
+                keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "device_id": device_id},
+            )
+            self._simple_delete_txn(
+                txn,
+                table="e2e_one_time_keys_json",
+                keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "device_id": device_id},
+            )
+            self._invalidate_cache_and_stream(
+                txn, self.count_e2e_one_time_keys, (user_id, device_id)
+            )
+
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "delete_e2e_keys_by_device", delete_e2e_keys_by_device_txn
+        )
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/event_federation.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/event_federation.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a470a48e0f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/event_federation.py
@@ -0,0 +1,672 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+import itertools
+import logging
+import random
+
+from six.moves import range
+from six.moves.queue import Empty, PriorityQueue
+
+from unpaddedbase64 import encode_base64
+
+from twisted.internet import defer
+
+from synapse.api.errors import StoreError
+from synapse.metrics.background_process_metrics import run_as_background_process
+from synapse.storage._base import SQLBaseStore, make_in_list_sql_clause
+from synapse.storage.data_stores.main.events_worker import EventsWorkerStore
+from synapse.storage.data_stores.main.signatures import SignatureWorkerStore
+from synapse.util.caches.descriptors import cached
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class EventFederationWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SignatureWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
+    def get_auth_chain(self, event_ids, include_given=False):
+        """Get auth events for given event_ids. The events *must* be state events.
+
+        Args:
+            event_ids (list): state events
+            include_given (bool): include the given events in result
+
+        Returns:
+            list of events
+        """
+        return self.get_auth_chain_ids(
+            event_ids, include_given=include_given
+        ).addCallback(self.get_events_as_list)
+
+    def get_auth_chain_ids(self, event_ids, include_given=False):
+        """Get auth events for given event_ids. The events *must* be state events.
+
+        Args:
+            event_ids (list): state events
+            include_given (bool): include the given events in result
+
+        Returns:
+            list of event_ids
+        """
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "get_auth_chain_ids", self._get_auth_chain_ids_txn, event_ids, include_given
+        )
+
+    def _get_auth_chain_ids_txn(self, txn, event_ids, include_given):
+        if include_given:
+            results = set(event_ids)
+        else:
+            results = set()
+
+        base_sql = "SELECT auth_id FROM event_auth WHERE "
+
+        front = set(event_ids)
+        while front:
+            new_front = set()
+            front_list = list(front)
+            chunks = [front_list[x : x + 100] for x in range(0, len(front), 100)]
+            for chunk in chunks:
+                clause, args = make_in_list_sql_clause(
+                    txn.database_engine, "event_id", chunk
+                )
+                txn.execute(base_sql + clause, list(args))
+                new_front.update([r[0] for r in txn])
+
+            new_front -= results
+
+            front = new_front
+            results.update(front)
+
+        return list(results)
+
+    def get_oldest_events_in_room(self, room_id):
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "get_oldest_events_in_room", self._get_oldest_events_in_room_txn, room_id
+        )
+
+    def get_oldest_events_with_depth_in_room(self, room_id):
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "get_oldest_events_with_depth_in_room",
+            self.get_oldest_events_with_depth_in_room_txn,
+            room_id,
+        )
+
+    def get_oldest_events_with_depth_in_room_txn(self, txn, room_id):
+        sql = (
+            "SELECT b.event_id, MAX(e.depth) FROM events as e"
+            " INNER JOIN event_edges as g"
+            " ON g.event_id = e.event_id"
+            " INNER JOIN event_backward_extremities as b"
+            " ON g.prev_event_id = b.event_id"
+            " WHERE b.room_id = ? AND g.is_state is ?"
+            " GROUP BY b.event_id"
+        )
+
+        txn.execute(sql, (room_id, False))
+
+        return dict(txn)
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_max_depth_of(self, event_ids):
+        """Returns the max depth of a set of event IDs
+
+        Args:
+            event_ids (list[str])
+
+        Returns
+            Deferred[int]
+        """
+        rows = yield self._simple_select_many_batch(
+            table="events",
+            column="event_id",
+            iterable=event_ids,
+            retcols=("depth",),
+            desc="get_max_depth_of",
+        )
+
+        if not rows:
+            return 0
+        else:
+            return max(row["depth"] for row in rows)
+
+    def _get_oldest_events_in_room_txn(self, txn, room_id):
+        return self._simple_select_onecol_txn(
+            txn,
+            table="event_backward_extremities",
+            keyvalues={"room_id": room_id},
+            retcol="event_id",
+        )
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_prev_events_for_room(self, room_id):
+        """
+        Gets a subset of the current forward extremities in the given room.
+
+        Limits the result to 10 extremities, so that we can avoid creating
+        events which refer to hundreds of prev_events.
+
+        Args:
+            room_id (str): room_id
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred[list[(str, dict[str, str], int)]]
+                for each event, a tuple of (event_id, hashes, depth)
+                where *hashes* is a map from algorithm to hash.
+        """
+        res = yield self.get_latest_event_ids_and_hashes_in_room(room_id)
+        if len(res) > 10:
+            # Sort by reverse depth, so we point to the most recent.
+            res.sort(key=lambda a: -a[2])
+
+            # we use half of the limit for the actual most recent events, and
+            # the other half to randomly point to some of the older events, to
+            # make sure that we don't completely ignore the older events.
+            res = res[0:5] + random.sample(res[5:], 5)
+
+        return res
+
+    def get_latest_event_ids_and_hashes_in_room(self, room_id):
+        """
+        Gets the current forward extremities in the given room
+
+        Args:
+            room_id (str): room_id
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred[list[(str, dict[str, str], int)]]
+                for each event, a tuple of (event_id, hashes, depth)
+                where *hashes* is a map from algorithm to hash.
+        """
+
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "get_latest_event_ids_and_hashes_in_room",
+            self._get_latest_event_ids_and_hashes_in_room,
+            room_id,
+        )
+
+    def get_rooms_with_many_extremities(self, min_count, limit, room_id_filter):
+        """Get the top rooms with at least N extremities.
+
+        Args:
+            min_count (int): The minimum number of extremities
+            limit (int): The maximum number of rooms to return.
+            room_id_filter (iterable[str]): room_ids to exclude from the results
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred[list]: At most `limit` room IDs that have at least
+            `min_count` extremities, sorted by extremity count.
+        """
+
+        def _get_rooms_with_many_extremities_txn(txn):
+            where_clause = "1=1"
+            if room_id_filter:
+                where_clause = "room_id NOT IN (%s)" % (
+                    ",".join("?" for _ in room_id_filter),
+                )
+
+            sql = """
+                SELECT room_id FROM event_forward_extremities
+                WHERE %s
+                GROUP BY room_id
+                HAVING count(*) > ?
+                ORDER BY count(*) DESC
+                LIMIT ?
+            """ % (
+                where_clause,
+            )
+
+            query_args = list(itertools.chain(room_id_filter, [min_count, limit]))
+            txn.execute(sql, query_args)
+            return [room_id for room_id, in txn]
+
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "get_rooms_with_many_extremities", _get_rooms_with_many_extremities_txn
+        )
+
+    @cached(max_entries=5000, iterable=True)
+    def get_latest_event_ids_in_room(self, room_id):
+        return self._simple_select_onecol(
+            table="event_forward_extremities",
+            keyvalues={"room_id": room_id},
+            retcol="event_id",
+            desc="get_latest_event_ids_in_room",
+        )
+
+    def _get_latest_event_ids_and_hashes_in_room(self, txn, room_id):
+        sql = (
+            "SELECT e.event_id, e.depth FROM events as e "
+            "INNER JOIN event_forward_extremities as f "
+            "ON e.event_id = f.event_id "
+            "AND e.room_id = f.room_id "
+            "WHERE f.room_id = ?"
+        )
+
+        txn.execute(sql, (room_id,))
+
+        results = []
+        for event_id, depth in txn.fetchall():
+            hashes = self._get_event_reference_hashes_txn(txn, event_id)
+            prev_hashes = {
+                k: encode_base64(v) for k, v in hashes.items() if k == "sha256"
+            }
+            results.append((event_id, prev_hashes, depth))
+
+        return results
+
+    def get_min_depth(self, room_id):
+        """ For hte given room, get the minimum depth we have seen for it.
+        """
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "get_min_depth", self._get_min_depth_interaction, room_id
+        )
+
+    def _get_min_depth_interaction(self, txn, room_id):
+        min_depth = self._simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
+            txn,
+            table="room_depth",
+            keyvalues={"room_id": room_id},
+            retcol="min_depth",
+            allow_none=True,
+        )
+
+        return int(min_depth) if min_depth is not None else None
+
+    def get_forward_extremeties_for_room(self, room_id, stream_ordering):
+        """For a given room_id and stream_ordering, return the forward
+        extremeties of the room at that point in "time".
+
+        Throws a StoreError if we have since purged the index for
+        stream_orderings from that point.
+
+        Args:
+            room_id (str):
+            stream_ordering (int):
+
+        Returns:
+            deferred, which resolves to a list of event_ids
+        """
+        # We want to make the cache more effective, so we clamp to the last
+        # change before the given ordering.
+        last_change = self._events_stream_cache.get_max_pos_of_last_change(room_id)
+
+        # We don't always have a full stream_to_exterm_id table, e.g. after
+        # the upgrade that introduced it, so we make sure we never ask for a
+        # stream_ordering from before a restart
+        last_change = max(self._stream_order_on_start, last_change)
+
+        # provided the last_change is recent enough, we now clamp the requested
+        # stream_ordering to it.
+        if last_change > self.stream_ordering_month_ago:
+            stream_ordering = min(last_change, stream_ordering)
+
+        return self._get_forward_extremeties_for_room(room_id, stream_ordering)
+
+    @cached(max_entries=5000, num_args=2)
+    def _get_forward_extremeties_for_room(self, room_id, stream_ordering):
+        """For a given room_id and stream_ordering, return the forward
+        extremeties of the room at that point in "time".
+
+        Throws a StoreError if we have since purged the index for
+        stream_orderings from that point.
+        """
+
+        if stream_ordering <= self.stream_ordering_month_ago:
+            raise StoreError(400, "stream_ordering too old")
+
+        sql = """
+                SELECT event_id FROM stream_ordering_to_exterm
+                INNER JOIN (
+                    SELECT room_id, MAX(stream_ordering) AS stream_ordering
+                    FROM stream_ordering_to_exterm
+                    WHERE stream_ordering <= ? GROUP BY room_id
+                ) AS rms USING (room_id, stream_ordering)
+                WHERE room_id = ?
+        """
+
+        def get_forward_extremeties_for_room_txn(txn):
+            txn.execute(sql, (stream_ordering, room_id))
+            return [event_id for event_id, in txn]
+
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "get_forward_extremeties_for_room", get_forward_extremeties_for_room_txn
+        )
+
+    def get_backfill_events(self, room_id, event_list, limit):
+        """Get a list of Events for a given topic that occurred before (and
+        including) the events in event_list. Return a list of max size `limit`
+
+        Args:
+            txn
+            room_id (str)
+            event_list (list)
+            limit (int)
+        """
+        return (
+            self.runInteraction(
+                "get_backfill_events",
+                self._get_backfill_events,
+                room_id,
+                event_list,
+                limit,
+            )
+            .addCallback(self.get_events_as_list)
+            .addCallback(lambda l: sorted(l, key=lambda e: -e.depth))
+        )
+
+    def _get_backfill_events(self, txn, room_id, event_list, limit):
+        logger.debug(
+            "_get_backfill_events: %s, %s, %s", room_id, repr(event_list), limit
+        )
+
+        event_results = set()
+
+        # We want to make sure that we do a breadth-first, "depth" ordered
+        # search.
+
+        query = (
+            "SELECT depth, prev_event_id FROM event_edges"
+            " INNER JOIN events"
+            " ON prev_event_id = events.event_id"
+            " WHERE event_edges.event_id = ?"
+            " AND event_edges.is_state = ?"
+            " LIMIT ?"
+        )
+
+        queue = PriorityQueue()
+
+        for event_id in event_list:
+            depth = self._simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
+                txn,
+                table="events",
+                keyvalues={"event_id": event_id, "room_id": room_id},
+                retcol="depth",
+                allow_none=True,
+            )
+
+            if depth:
+                queue.put((-depth, event_id))
+
+        while not queue.empty() and len(event_results) < limit:
+            try:
+                _, event_id = queue.get_nowait()
+            except Empty:
+                break
+
+            if event_id in event_results:
+                continue
+
+            event_results.add(event_id)
+
+            txn.execute(query, (event_id, False, limit - len(event_results)))
+
+            for row in txn:
+                if row[1] not in event_results:
+                    queue.put((-row[0], row[1]))
+
+        return event_results
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_missing_events(self, room_id, earliest_events, latest_events, limit):
+        ids = yield self.runInteraction(
+            "get_missing_events",
+            self._get_missing_events,
+            room_id,
+            earliest_events,
+            latest_events,
+            limit,
+        )
+        events = yield self.get_events_as_list(ids)
+        return events
+
+    def _get_missing_events(self, txn, room_id, earliest_events, latest_events, limit):
+
+        seen_events = set(earliest_events)
+        front = set(latest_events) - seen_events
+        event_results = []
+
+        query = (
+            "SELECT prev_event_id FROM event_edges "
+            "WHERE room_id = ? AND event_id = ? AND is_state = ? "
+            "LIMIT ?"
+        )
+
+        while front and len(event_results) < limit:
+            new_front = set()
+            for event_id in front:
+                txn.execute(
+                    query, (room_id, event_id, False, limit - len(event_results))
+                )
+
+                new_results = set(t[0] for t in txn) - seen_events
+
+                new_front |= new_results
+                seen_events |= new_results
+                event_results.extend(new_results)
+
+            front = new_front
+
+        # we built the list working backwards from latest_events; we now need to
+        # reverse it so that the events are approximately chronological.
+        event_results.reverse()
+        return event_results
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_successor_events(self, event_ids):
+        """Fetch all events that have the given events as a prev event
+
+        Args:
+            event_ids (iterable[str])
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred[list[str]]
+        """
+        rows = yield self._simple_select_many_batch(
+            table="event_edges",
+            column="prev_event_id",
+            iterable=event_ids,
+            retcols=("event_id",),
+            desc="get_successor_events",
+        )
+
+        return [row["event_id"] for row in rows]
+
+
+class EventFederationStore(EventFederationWorkerStore):
+    """ Responsible for storing and serving up the various graphs associated
+    with an event. Including the main event graph and the auth chains for an
+    event.
+
+    Also has methods for getting the front (latest) and back (oldest) edges
+    of the event graphs. These are used to generate the parents for new events
+    and backfilling from another server respectively.
+    """
+
+    EVENT_AUTH_STATE_ONLY = "event_auth_state_only"
+
+    def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
+        super(EventFederationStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
+
+        self.register_background_update_handler(
+            self.EVENT_AUTH_STATE_ONLY, self._background_delete_non_state_event_auth
+        )
+
+        hs.get_clock().looping_call(
+            self._delete_old_forward_extrem_cache, 60 * 60 * 1000
+        )
+
+    def _update_min_depth_for_room_txn(self, txn, room_id, depth):
+        min_depth = self._get_min_depth_interaction(txn, room_id)
+
+        if min_depth and depth >= min_depth:
+            return
+
+        self._simple_upsert_txn(
+            txn,
+            table="room_depth",
+            keyvalues={"room_id": room_id},
+            values={"min_depth": depth},
+        )
+
+    def _handle_mult_prev_events(self, txn, events):
+        """
+        For the given event, update the event edges table and forward and
+        backward extremities tables.
+        """
+        self._simple_insert_many_txn(
+            txn,
+            table="event_edges",
+            values=[
+                {
+                    "event_id": ev.event_id,
+                    "prev_event_id": e_id,
+                    "room_id": ev.room_id,
+                    "is_state": False,
+                }
+                for ev in events
+                for e_id in ev.prev_event_ids()
+            ],
+        )
+
+        self._update_backward_extremeties(txn, events)
+
+    def _update_backward_extremeties(self, txn, events):
+        """Updates the event_backward_extremities tables based on the new/updated
+        events being persisted.
+
+        This is called for new events *and* for events that were outliers, but
+        are now being persisted as non-outliers.
+
+        Forward extremities are handled when we first start persisting the events.
+        """
+        events_by_room = {}
+        for ev in events:
+            events_by_room.setdefault(ev.room_id, []).append(ev)
+
+        query = (
+            "INSERT INTO event_backward_extremities (event_id, room_id)"
+            " SELECT ?, ? WHERE NOT EXISTS ("
+            " SELECT 1 FROM event_backward_extremities"
+            " WHERE event_id = ? AND room_id = ?"
+            " )"
+            " AND NOT EXISTS ("
+            " SELECT 1 FROM events WHERE event_id = ? AND room_id = ? "
+            " AND outlier = ?"
+            " )"
+        )
+
+        txn.executemany(
+            query,
+            [
+                (e_id, ev.room_id, e_id, ev.room_id, e_id, ev.room_id, False)
+                for ev in events
+                for e_id in ev.prev_event_ids()
+                if not ev.internal_metadata.is_outlier()
+            ],
+        )
+
+        query = (
+            "DELETE FROM event_backward_extremities"
+            " WHERE event_id = ? AND room_id = ?"
+        )
+        txn.executemany(
+            query,
+            [
+                (ev.event_id, ev.room_id)
+                for ev in events
+                if not ev.internal_metadata.is_outlier()
+            ],
+        )
+
+    def _delete_old_forward_extrem_cache(self):
+        def _delete_old_forward_extrem_cache_txn(txn):
+            # Delete entries older than a month, while making sure we don't delete
+            # the only entries for a room.
+            sql = """
+                DELETE FROM stream_ordering_to_exterm
+                WHERE
+                room_id IN (
+                    SELECT room_id
+                    FROM stream_ordering_to_exterm
+                    WHERE stream_ordering > ?
+                ) AND stream_ordering < ?
+            """
+            txn.execute(
+                sql, (self.stream_ordering_month_ago, self.stream_ordering_month_ago)
+            )
+
+        return run_as_background_process(
+            "delete_old_forward_extrem_cache",
+            self.runInteraction,
+            "_delete_old_forward_extrem_cache",
+            _delete_old_forward_extrem_cache_txn,
+        )
+
+    def clean_room_for_join(self, room_id):
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "clean_room_for_join", self._clean_room_for_join_txn, room_id
+        )
+
+    def _clean_room_for_join_txn(self, txn, room_id):
+        query = "DELETE FROM event_forward_extremities WHERE room_id = ?"
+
+        txn.execute(query, (room_id,))
+        txn.call_after(self.get_latest_event_ids_in_room.invalidate, (room_id,))
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def _background_delete_non_state_event_auth(self, progress, batch_size):
+        def delete_event_auth(txn):
+            target_min_stream_id = progress.get("target_min_stream_id_inclusive")
+            max_stream_id = progress.get("max_stream_id_exclusive")
+
+            if not target_min_stream_id or not max_stream_id:
+                txn.execute("SELECT COALESCE(MIN(stream_ordering), 0) FROM events")
+                rows = txn.fetchall()
+                target_min_stream_id = rows[0][0]
+
+                txn.execute("SELECT COALESCE(MAX(stream_ordering), 0) FROM events")
+                rows = txn.fetchall()
+                max_stream_id = rows[0][0]
+
+            min_stream_id = max_stream_id - batch_size
+
+            sql = """
+                DELETE FROM event_auth
+                WHERE event_id IN (
+                    SELECT event_id FROM events
+                    LEFT JOIN state_events USING (room_id, event_id)
+                    WHERE ? <= stream_ordering AND stream_ordering < ?
+                        AND state_key IS null
+                )
+            """
+
+            txn.execute(sql, (min_stream_id, max_stream_id))
+
+            new_progress = {
+                "target_min_stream_id_inclusive": target_min_stream_id,
+                "max_stream_id_exclusive": min_stream_id,
+            }
+
+            self._background_update_progress_txn(
+                txn, self.EVENT_AUTH_STATE_ONLY, new_progress
+            )
+
+            return min_stream_id >= target_min_stream_id
+
+        result = yield self.runInteraction(
+            self.EVENT_AUTH_STATE_ONLY, delete_event_auth
+        )
+
+        if not result:
+            yield self._end_background_update(self.EVENT_AUTH_STATE_ONLY)
+
+        return batch_size
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/event_push_actions.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/event_push_actions.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..22025effbc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/event_push_actions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,960 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2015 OpenMarket Ltd
+# Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import logging
+
+from six import iteritems
+
+from canonicaljson import json
+
+from twisted.internet import defer
+
+from synapse.metrics.background_process_metrics import run_as_background_process
+from synapse.storage._base import LoggingTransaction, SQLBaseStore
+from synapse.util.caches.descriptors import cachedInlineCallbacks
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+DEFAULT_NOTIF_ACTION = ["notify", {"set_tweak": "highlight", "value": False}]
+DEFAULT_HIGHLIGHT_ACTION = [
+    "notify",
+    {"set_tweak": "sound", "value": "default"},
+    {"set_tweak": "highlight"},
+]
+
+
+def _serialize_action(actions, is_highlight):
+    """Custom serializer for actions. This allows us to "compress" common actions.
+
+    We use the fact that most users have the same actions for notifs (and for
+    highlights).
+    We store these default actions as the empty string rather than the full JSON.
+    Since the empty string isn't valid JSON there is no risk of this clashing with
+    any real JSON actions
+    """
+    if is_highlight:
+        if actions == DEFAULT_HIGHLIGHT_ACTION:
+            return ""  # We use empty string as the column is non-NULL
+    else:
+        if actions == DEFAULT_NOTIF_ACTION:
+            return ""
+    return json.dumps(actions)
+
+
+def _deserialize_action(actions, is_highlight):
+    """Custom deserializer for actions. This allows us to "compress" common actions
+    """
+    if actions:
+        return json.loads(actions)
+
+    if is_highlight:
+        return DEFAULT_HIGHLIGHT_ACTION
+    else:
+        return DEFAULT_NOTIF_ACTION
+
+
+class EventPushActionsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
+    def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
+        super(EventPushActionsWorkerStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
+
+        # These get correctly set by _find_stream_orderings_for_times_txn
+        self.stream_ordering_month_ago = None
+        self.stream_ordering_day_ago = None
+
+        cur = LoggingTransaction(
+            db_conn.cursor(),
+            name="_find_stream_orderings_for_times_txn",
+            database_engine=self.database_engine,
+        )
+        self._find_stream_orderings_for_times_txn(cur)
+        cur.close()
+
+        self.find_stream_orderings_looping_call = self._clock.looping_call(
+            self._find_stream_orderings_for_times, 10 * 60 * 1000
+        )
+        self._rotate_delay = 3
+        self._rotate_count = 10000
+
+    @cachedInlineCallbacks(num_args=3, tree=True, max_entries=5000)
+    def get_unread_event_push_actions_by_room_for_user(
+        self, room_id, user_id, last_read_event_id
+    ):
+        ret = yield self.runInteraction(
+            "get_unread_event_push_actions_by_room",
+            self._get_unread_counts_by_receipt_txn,
+            room_id,
+            user_id,
+            last_read_event_id,
+        )
+        return ret
+
+    def _get_unread_counts_by_receipt_txn(
+        self, txn, room_id, user_id, last_read_event_id
+    ):
+        sql = (
+            "SELECT stream_ordering"
+            " FROM events"
+            " WHERE room_id = ? AND event_id = ?"
+        )
+        txn.execute(sql, (room_id, last_read_event_id))
+        results = txn.fetchall()
+        if len(results) == 0:
+            return {"notify_count": 0, "highlight_count": 0}
+
+        stream_ordering = results[0][0]
+
+        return self._get_unread_counts_by_pos_txn(
+            txn, room_id, user_id, stream_ordering
+        )
+
+    def _get_unread_counts_by_pos_txn(self, txn, room_id, user_id, stream_ordering):
+
+        # First get number of notifications.
+        # We don't need to put a notif=1 clause as all rows always have
+        # notif=1
+        sql = (
+            "SELECT count(*)"
+            " FROM event_push_actions ea"
+            " WHERE"
+            " user_id = ?"
+            " AND room_id = ?"
+            " AND stream_ordering > ?"
+        )
+
+        txn.execute(sql, (user_id, room_id, stream_ordering))
+        row = txn.fetchone()
+        notify_count = row[0] if row else 0
+
+        txn.execute(
+            """
+            SELECT notif_count FROM event_push_summary
+            WHERE room_id = ? AND user_id = ? AND stream_ordering > ?
+        """,
+            (room_id, user_id, stream_ordering),
+        )
+        rows = txn.fetchall()
+        if rows:
+            notify_count += rows[0][0]
+
+        # Now get the number of highlights
+        sql = (
+            "SELECT count(*)"
+            " FROM event_push_actions ea"
+            " WHERE"
+            " highlight = 1"
+            " AND user_id = ?"
+            " AND room_id = ?"
+            " AND stream_ordering > ?"
+        )
+
+        txn.execute(sql, (user_id, room_id, stream_ordering))
+        row = txn.fetchone()
+        highlight_count = row[0] if row else 0
+
+        return {"notify_count": notify_count, "highlight_count": highlight_count}
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_push_action_users_in_range(self, min_stream_ordering, max_stream_ordering):
+        def f(txn):
+            sql = (
+                "SELECT DISTINCT(user_id) FROM event_push_actions WHERE"
+                " stream_ordering >= ? AND stream_ordering <= ?"
+            )
+            txn.execute(sql, (min_stream_ordering, max_stream_ordering))
+            return [r[0] for r in txn]
+
+        ret = yield self.runInteraction("get_push_action_users_in_range", f)
+        return ret
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_unread_push_actions_for_user_in_range_for_http(
+        self, user_id, min_stream_ordering, max_stream_ordering, limit=20
+    ):
+        """Get a list of the most recent unread push actions for a given user,
+        within the given stream ordering range. Called by the httppusher.
+
+        Args:
+            user_id (str): The user to fetch push actions for.
+            min_stream_ordering(int): The exclusive lower bound on the
+                stream ordering of event push actions to fetch.
+            max_stream_ordering(int): The inclusive upper bound on the
+                stream ordering of event push actions to fetch.
+            limit (int): The maximum number of rows to return.
+        Returns:
+            A promise which resolves to a list of dicts with the keys "event_id",
+            "room_id", "stream_ordering", "actions".
+            The list will be ordered by ascending stream_ordering.
+            The list will have between 0~limit entries.
+        """
+        # find rooms that have a read receipt in them and return the next
+        # push actions
+        def get_after_receipt(txn):
+            # find rooms that have a read receipt in them and return the next
+            # push actions
+            sql = (
+                "SELECT ep.event_id, ep.room_id, ep.stream_ordering, ep.actions,"
+                "   ep.highlight "
+                " FROM ("
+                "   SELECT room_id,"
+                "       MAX(stream_ordering) as stream_ordering"
+                "   FROM events"
+                "   INNER JOIN receipts_linearized USING (room_id, event_id)"
+                "   WHERE receipt_type = 'm.read' AND user_id = ?"
+                "   GROUP BY room_id"
+                ") AS rl,"
+                " event_push_actions AS ep"
+                " WHERE"
+                "   ep.room_id = rl.room_id"
+                "   AND ep.stream_ordering > rl.stream_ordering"
+                "   AND ep.user_id = ?"
+                "   AND ep.stream_ordering > ?"
+                "   AND ep.stream_ordering <= ?"
+                " ORDER BY ep.stream_ordering ASC LIMIT ?"
+            )
+            args = [user_id, user_id, min_stream_ordering, max_stream_ordering, limit]
+            txn.execute(sql, args)
+            return txn.fetchall()
+
+        after_read_receipt = yield self.runInteraction(
+            "get_unread_push_actions_for_user_in_range_http_arr", get_after_receipt
+        )
+
+        # There are rooms with push actions in them but you don't have a read receipt in
+        # them e.g. rooms you've been invited to, so get push actions for rooms which do
+        # not have read receipts in them too.
+        def get_no_receipt(txn):
+            sql = (
+                "SELECT ep.event_id, ep.room_id, ep.stream_ordering, ep.actions,"
+                "   ep.highlight "
+                " FROM event_push_actions AS ep"
+                " INNER JOIN events AS e USING (room_id, event_id)"
+                " WHERE"
+                "   ep.room_id NOT IN ("
+                "     SELECT room_id FROM receipts_linearized"
+                "       WHERE receipt_type = 'm.read' AND user_id = ?"
+                "       GROUP BY room_id"
+                "   )"
+                "   AND ep.user_id = ?"
+                "   AND ep.stream_ordering > ?"
+                "   AND ep.stream_ordering <= ?"
+                " ORDER BY ep.stream_ordering ASC LIMIT ?"
+            )
+            args = [user_id, user_id, min_stream_ordering, max_stream_ordering, limit]
+            txn.execute(sql, args)
+            return txn.fetchall()
+
+        no_read_receipt = yield self.runInteraction(
+            "get_unread_push_actions_for_user_in_range_http_nrr", get_no_receipt
+        )
+
+        notifs = [
+            {
+                "event_id": row[0],
+                "room_id": row[1],
+                "stream_ordering": row[2],
+                "actions": _deserialize_action(row[3], row[4]),
+            }
+            for row in after_read_receipt + no_read_receipt
+        ]
+
+        # Now sort it so it's ordered correctly, since currently it will
+        # contain results from the first query, correctly ordered, followed
+        # by results from the second query, but we want them all ordered
+        # by stream_ordering, oldest first.
+        notifs.sort(key=lambda r: r["stream_ordering"])
+
+        # Take only up to the limit. We have to stop at the limit because
+        # one of the subqueries may have hit the limit.
+        return notifs[:limit]
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_unread_push_actions_for_user_in_range_for_email(
+        self, user_id, min_stream_ordering, max_stream_ordering, limit=20
+    ):
+        """Get a list of the most recent unread push actions for a given user,
+        within the given stream ordering range. Called by the emailpusher
+
+        Args:
+            user_id (str): The user to fetch push actions for.
+            min_stream_ordering(int): The exclusive lower bound on the
+                stream ordering of event push actions to fetch.
+            max_stream_ordering(int): The inclusive upper bound on the
+                stream ordering of event push actions to fetch.
+            limit (int): The maximum number of rows to return.
+        Returns:
+            A promise which resolves to a list of dicts with the keys "event_id",
+            "room_id", "stream_ordering", "actions", "received_ts".
+            The list will be ordered by descending received_ts.
+            The list will have between 0~limit entries.
+        """
+        # find rooms that have a read receipt in them and return the most recent
+        # push actions
+        def get_after_receipt(txn):
+            sql = (
+                "SELECT ep.event_id, ep.room_id, ep.stream_ordering, ep.actions,"
+                "  ep.highlight, e.received_ts"
+                " FROM ("
+                "   SELECT room_id,"
+                "       MAX(stream_ordering) as stream_ordering"
+                "   FROM events"
+                "   INNER JOIN receipts_linearized USING (room_id, event_id)"
+                "   WHERE receipt_type = 'm.read' AND user_id = ?"
+                "   GROUP BY room_id"
+                ") AS rl,"
+                " event_push_actions AS ep"
+                " INNER JOIN events AS e USING (room_id, event_id)"
+                " WHERE"
+                "   ep.room_id = rl.room_id"
+                "   AND ep.stream_ordering > rl.stream_ordering"
+                "   AND ep.user_id = ?"
+                "   AND ep.stream_ordering > ?"
+                "   AND ep.stream_ordering <= ?"
+                " ORDER BY ep.stream_ordering DESC LIMIT ?"
+            )
+            args = [user_id, user_id, min_stream_ordering, max_stream_ordering, limit]
+            txn.execute(sql, args)
+            return txn.fetchall()
+
+        after_read_receipt = yield self.runInteraction(
+            "get_unread_push_actions_for_user_in_range_email_arr", get_after_receipt
+        )
+
+        # There are rooms with push actions in them but you don't have a read receipt in
+        # them e.g. rooms you've been invited to, so get push actions for rooms which do
+        # not have read receipts in them too.
+        def get_no_receipt(txn):
+            sql = (
+                "SELECT ep.event_id, ep.room_id, ep.stream_ordering, ep.actions,"
+                "   ep.highlight, e.received_ts"
+                " FROM event_push_actions AS ep"
+                " INNER JOIN events AS e USING (room_id, event_id)"
+                " WHERE"
+                "   ep.room_id NOT IN ("
+                "     SELECT room_id FROM receipts_linearized"
+                "       WHERE receipt_type = 'm.read' AND user_id = ?"
+                "       GROUP BY room_id"
+                "   )"
+                "   AND ep.user_id = ?"
+                "   AND ep.stream_ordering > ?"
+                "   AND ep.stream_ordering <= ?"
+                " ORDER BY ep.stream_ordering DESC LIMIT ?"
+            )
+            args = [user_id, user_id, min_stream_ordering, max_stream_ordering, limit]
+            txn.execute(sql, args)
+            return txn.fetchall()
+
+        no_read_receipt = yield self.runInteraction(
+            "get_unread_push_actions_for_user_in_range_email_nrr", get_no_receipt
+        )
+
+        # Make a list of dicts from the two sets of results.
+        notifs = [
+            {
+                "event_id": row[0],
+                "room_id": row[1],
+                "stream_ordering": row[2],
+                "actions": _deserialize_action(row[3], row[4]),
+                "received_ts": row[5],
+            }
+            for row in after_read_receipt + no_read_receipt
+        ]
+
+        # Now sort it so it's ordered correctly, since currently it will
+        # contain results from the first query, correctly ordered, followed
+        # by results from the second query, but we want them all ordered
+        # by received_ts (most recent first)
+        notifs.sort(key=lambda r: -(r["received_ts"] or 0))
+
+        # Now return the first `limit`
+        return notifs[:limit]
+
+    def get_if_maybe_push_in_range_for_user(self, user_id, min_stream_ordering):
+        """A fast check to see if there might be something to push for the
+        user since the given stream ordering. May return false positives.
+
+        Useful to know whether to bother starting a pusher on start up or not.
+
+        Args:
+            user_id (str)
+            min_stream_ordering (int)
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred[bool]: True if there may be push to process, False if
+            there definitely isn't.
+        """
+
+        def _get_if_maybe_push_in_range_for_user_txn(txn):
+            sql = """
+                SELECT 1 FROM event_push_actions
+                WHERE user_id = ? AND stream_ordering > ?
+                LIMIT 1
+            """
+
+            txn.execute(sql, (user_id, min_stream_ordering))
+            return bool(txn.fetchone())
+
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "get_if_maybe_push_in_range_for_user",
+            _get_if_maybe_push_in_range_for_user_txn,
+        )
+
+    def add_push_actions_to_staging(self, event_id, user_id_actions):
+        """Add the push actions for the event to the push action staging area.
+
+        Args:
+            event_id (str)
+            user_id_actions (dict[str, list[dict|str])]): A dictionary mapping
+                user_id to list of push actions, where an action can either be
+                a string or dict.
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred
+        """
+
+        if not user_id_actions:
+            return
+
+        # This is a helper function for generating the necessary tuple that
+        # can be used to inert into the `event_push_actions_staging` table.
+        def _gen_entry(user_id, actions):
+            is_highlight = 1 if _action_has_highlight(actions) else 0
+            return (
+                event_id,  # event_id column
+                user_id,  # user_id column
+                _serialize_action(actions, is_highlight),  # actions column
+                1,  # notif column
+                is_highlight,  # highlight column
+            )
+
+        def _add_push_actions_to_staging_txn(txn):
+            # We don't use _simple_insert_many here to avoid the overhead
+            # of generating lists of dicts.
+
+            sql = """
+                INSERT INTO event_push_actions_staging
+                    (event_id, user_id, actions, notif, highlight)
+                VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
+            """
+
+            txn.executemany(
+                sql,
+                (
+                    _gen_entry(user_id, actions)
+                    for user_id, actions in iteritems(user_id_actions)
+                ),
+            )
+
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "add_push_actions_to_staging", _add_push_actions_to_staging_txn
+        )
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def remove_push_actions_from_staging(self, event_id):
+        """Called if we failed to persist the event to ensure that stale push
+        actions don't build up in the DB
+
+        Args:
+            event_id (str)
+        """
+
+        try:
+            res = yield self._simple_delete(
+                table="event_push_actions_staging",
+                keyvalues={"event_id": event_id},
+                desc="remove_push_actions_from_staging",
+            )
+            return res
+        except Exception:
+            # this method is called from an exception handler, so propagating
+            # another exception here really isn't helpful - there's nothing
+            # the caller can do about it. Just log the exception and move on.
+            logger.exception(
+                "Error removing push actions after event persistence failure"
+            )
+
+    def _find_stream_orderings_for_times(self):
+        return run_as_background_process(
+            "event_push_action_stream_orderings",
+            self.runInteraction,
+            "_find_stream_orderings_for_times",
+            self._find_stream_orderings_for_times_txn,
+        )
+
+    def _find_stream_orderings_for_times_txn(self, txn):
+        logger.info("Searching for stream ordering 1 month ago")
+        self.stream_ordering_month_ago = self._find_first_stream_ordering_after_ts_txn(
+            txn, self._clock.time_msec() - 30 * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000
+        )
+        logger.info(
+            "Found stream ordering 1 month ago: it's %d", self.stream_ordering_month_ago
+        )
+        logger.info("Searching for stream ordering 1 day ago")
+        self.stream_ordering_day_ago = self._find_first_stream_ordering_after_ts_txn(
+            txn, self._clock.time_msec() - 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000
+        )
+        logger.info(
+            "Found stream ordering 1 day ago: it's %d", self.stream_ordering_day_ago
+        )
+
+    def find_first_stream_ordering_after_ts(self, ts):
+        """Gets the stream ordering corresponding to a given timestamp.
+
+        Specifically, finds the stream_ordering of the first event that was
+        received on or after the timestamp. This is done by a binary search on
+        the events table, since there is no index on received_ts, so is
+        relatively slow.
+
+        Args:
+            ts (int): timestamp in millis
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred[int]: stream ordering of the first event received on/after
+                the timestamp
+        """
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "_find_first_stream_ordering_after_ts_txn",
+            self._find_first_stream_ordering_after_ts_txn,
+            ts,
+        )
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _find_first_stream_ordering_after_ts_txn(txn, ts):
+        """
+        Find the stream_ordering of the first event that was received on or
+        after a given timestamp. This is relatively slow as there is no index
+        on received_ts but we can then use this to delete push actions before
+        this.
+
+        received_ts must necessarily be in the same order as stream_ordering
+        and stream_ordering is indexed, so we manually binary search using
+        stream_ordering
+
+        Args:
+            txn (twisted.enterprise.adbapi.Transaction):
+            ts (int): timestamp to search for
+
+        Returns:
+            int: stream ordering
+        """
+        txn.execute("SELECT MAX(stream_ordering) FROM events")
+        max_stream_ordering = txn.fetchone()[0]
+
+        if max_stream_ordering is None:
+            return 0
+
+        # We want the first stream_ordering in which received_ts is greater
+        # than or equal to ts. Call this point X.
+        #
+        # We maintain the invariants:
+        #
+        #   range_start <= X <= range_end
+        #
+        range_start = 0
+        range_end = max_stream_ordering + 1
+
+        # Given a stream_ordering, look up the timestamp at that
+        # stream_ordering.
+        #
+        # The array may be sparse (we may be missing some stream_orderings).
+        # We treat the gaps as the same as having the same value as the
+        # preceding entry, because we will pick the lowest stream_ordering
+        # which satisfies our requirement of received_ts >= ts.
+        #
+        # For example, if our array of events indexed by stream_ordering is
+        # [10, <none>, 20], we should treat this as being equivalent to
+        # [10, 10, 20].
+        #
+        sql = (
+            "SELECT received_ts FROM events"
+            " WHERE stream_ordering <= ?"
+            " ORDER BY stream_ordering DESC"
+            " LIMIT 1"
+        )
+
+        while range_end - range_start > 0:
+            middle = (range_end + range_start) // 2
+            txn.execute(sql, (middle,))
+            row = txn.fetchone()
+            if row is None:
+                # no rows with stream_ordering<=middle
+                range_start = middle + 1
+                continue
+
+            middle_ts = row[0]
+            if ts > middle_ts:
+                # we got a timestamp lower than the one we were looking for.
+                # definitely need to look higher: X > middle.
+                range_start = middle + 1
+            else:
+                # we got a timestamp higher than (or the same as) the one we
+                # were looking for. We aren't yet sure about the point we
+                # looked up, but we can be sure that X <= middle.
+                range_end = middle
+
+        return range_end
+
+
+class EventPushActionsStore(EventPushActionsWorkerStore):
+    EPA_HIGHLIGHT_INDEX = "epa_highlight_index"
+
+    def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
+        super(EventPushActionsStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
+
+        self.register_background_index_update(
+            self.EPA_HIGHLIGHT_INDEX,
+            index_name="event_push_actions_u_highlight",
+            table="event_push_actions",
+            columns=["user_id", "stream_ordering"],
+        )
+
+        self.register_background_index_update(
+            "event_push_actions_highlights_index",
+            index_name="event_push_actions_highlights_index",
+            table="event_push_actions",
+            columns=["user_id", "room_id", "topological_ordering", "stream_ordering"],
+            where_clause="highlight=1",
+        )
+
+        self._doing_notif_rotation = False
+        self._rotate_notif_loop = self._clock.looping_call(
+            self._start_rotate_notifs, 30 * 60 * 1000
+        )
+
+    def _set_push_actions_for_event_and_users_txn(
+        self, txn, events_and_contexts, all_events_and_contexts
+    ):
+        """Handles moving push actions from staging table to main
+        event_push_actions table for all events in `events_and_contexts`.
+
+        Also ensures that all events in `all_events_and_contexts` are removed
+        from the push action staging area.
+
+        Args:
+            events_and_contexts (list[(EventBase, EventContext)]): events
+                we are persisting
+            all_events_and_contexts (list[(EventBase, EventContext)]): all
+                events that we were going to persist. This includes events
+                we've already persisted, etc, that wouldn't appear in
+                events_and_context.
+        """
+
+        sql = """
+            INSERT INTO event_push_actions (
+                room_id, event_id, user_id, actions, stream_ordering,
+                topological_ordering, notif, highlight
+            )
+            SELECT ?, event_id, user_id, actions, ?, ?, notif, highlight
+            FROM event_push_actions_staging
+            WHERE event_id = ?
+        """
+
+        if events_and_contexts:
+            txn.executemany(
+                sql,
+                (
+                    (
+                        event.room_id,
+                        event.internal_metadata.stream_ordering,
+                        event.depth,
+                        event.event_id,
+                    )
+                    for event, _ in events_and_contexts
+                ),
+            )
+
+        for event, _ in events_and_contexts:
+            user_ids = self._simple_select_onecol_txn(
+                txn,
+                table="event_push_actions_staging",
+                keyvalues={"event_id": event.event_id},
+                retcol="user_id",
+            )
+
+            for uid in user_ids:
+                txn.call_after(
+                    self.get_unread_event_push_actions_by_room_for_user.invalidate_many,
+                    (event.room_id, uid),
+                )
+
+        # Now we delete the staging area for *all* events that were being
+        # persisted.
+        txn.executemany(
+            "DELETE FROM event_push_actions_staging WHERE event_id = ?",
+            ((event.event_id,) for event, _ in all_events_and_contexts),
+        )
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_push_actions_for_user(
+        self, user_id, before=None, limit=50, only_highlight=False
+    ):
+        def f(txn):
+            before_clause = ""
+            if before:
+                before_clause = "AND epa.stream_ordering < ?"
+                args = [user_id, before, limit]
+            else:
+                args = [user_id, limit]
+
+            if only_highlight:
+                if len(before_clause) > 0:
+                    before_clause += " "
+                before_clause += "AND epa.highlight = 1"
+
+            # NB. This assumes event_ids are globally unique since
+            # it makes the query easier to index
+            sql = (
+                "SELECT epa.event_id, epa.room_id,"
+                " epa.stream_ordering, epa.topological_ordering,"
+                " epa.actions, epa.highlight, epa.profile_tag, e.received_ts"
+                " FROM event_push_actions epa, events e"
+                " WHERE epa.event_id = e.event_id"
+                " AND epa.user_id = ? %s"
+                " ORDER BY epa.stream_ordering DESC"
+                " LIMIT ?" % (before_clause,)
+            )
+            txn.execute(sql, args)
+            return self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
+
+        push_actions = yield self.runInteraction("get_push_actions_for_user", f)
+        for pa in push_actions:
+            pa["actions"] = _deserialize_action(pa["actions"], pa["highlight"])
+        return push_actions
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_time_of_last_push_action_before(self, stream_ordering):
+        def f(txn):
+            sql = (
+                "SELECT e.received_ts"
+                " FROM event_push_actions AS ep"
+                " JOIN events e ON ep.room_id = e.room_id AND ep.event_id = e.event_id"
+                " WHERE ep.stream_ordering > ?"
+                " ORDER BY ep.stream_ordering ASC"
+                " LIMIT 1"
+            )
+            txn.execute(sql, (stream_ordering,))
+            return txn.fetchone()
+
+        result = yield self.runInteraction("get_time_of_last_push_action_before", f)
+        return result[0] if result else None
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_latest_push_action_stream_ordering(self):
+        def f(txn):
+            txn.execute("SELECT MAX(stream_ordering) FROM event_push_actions")
+            return txn.fetchone()
+
+        result = yield self.runInteraction("get_latest_push_action_stream_ordering", f)
+        return result[0] or 0
+
+    def _remove_push_actions_for_event_id_txn(self, txn, room_id, event_id):
+        # Sad that we have to blow away the cache for the whole room here
+        txn.call_after(
+            self.get_unread_event_push_actions_by_room_for_user.invalidate_many,
+            (room_id,),
+        )
+        txn.execute(
+            "DELETE FROM event_push_actions WHERE room_id = ? AND event_id = ?",
+            (room_id, event_id),
+        )
+
+    def _remove_old_push_actions_before_txn(
+        self, txn, room_id, user_id, stream_ordering
+    ):
+        """
+        Purges old push actions for a user and room before a given
+        stream_ordering.
+
+        We however keep a months worth of highlighted notifications, so that
+        users can still get a list of recent highlights.
+
+        Args:
+            txn: The transcation
+            room_id: Room ID to delete from
+            user_id: user ID to delete for
+            stream_ordering: The lowest stream ordering which will
+                                  not be deleted.
+        """
+        txn.call_after(
+            self.get_unread_event_push_actions_by_room_for_user.invalidate_many,
+            (room_id, user_id),
+        )
+
+        # We need to join on the events table to get the received_ts for
+        # event_push_actions and sqlite won't let us use a join in a delete so
+        # we can't just delete where received_ts < x. Furthermore we can
+        # only identify event_push_actions by a tuple of room_id, event_id
+        # we we can't use a subquery.
+        # Instead, we look up the stream ordering for the last event in that
+        # room received before the threshold time and delete event_push_actions
+        # in the room with a stream_odering before that.
+        txn.execute(
+            "DELETE FROM event_push_actions "
+            " WHERE user_id = ? AND room_id = ? AND "
+            " stream_ordering <= ?"
+            " AND ((stream_ordering < ? AND highlight = 1) or highlight = 0)",
+            (user_id, room_id, stream_ordering, self.stream_ordering_month_ago),
+        )
+
+        txn.execute(
+            """
+            DELETE FROM event_push_summary
+            WHERE room_id = ? AND user_id = ? AND stream_ordering <= ?
+        """,
+            (room_id, user_id, stream_ordering),
+        )
+
+    def _start_rotate_notifs(self):
+        return run_as_background_process("rotate_notifs", self._rotate_notifs)
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def _rotate_notifs(self):
+        if self._doing_notif_rotation or self.stream_ordering_day_ago is None:
+            return
+        self._doing_notif_rotation = True
+
+        try:
+            while True:
+                logger.info("Rotating notifications")
+
+                caught_up = yield self.runInteraction(
+                    "_rotate_notifs", self._rotate_notifs_txn
+                )
+                if caught_up:
+                    break
+                yield self.hs.get_clock().sleep(self._rotate_delay)
+        finally:
+            self._doing_notif_rotation = False
+
+    def _rotate_notifs_txn(self, txn):
+        """Archives older notifications into event_push_summary. Returns whether
+        the archiving process has caught up or not.
+        """
+
+        old_rotate_stream_ordering = self._simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
+            txn,
+            table="event_push_summary_stream_ordering",
+            keyvalues={},
+            retcol="stream_ordering",
+        )
+
+        # We don't to try and rotate millions of rows at once, so we cap the
+        # maximum stream ordering we'll rotate before.
+        txn.execute(
+            """
+            SELECT stream_ordering FROM event_push_actions
+            WHERE stream_ordering > ?
+            ORDER BY stream_ordering ASC LIMIT 1 OFFSET ?
+        """,
+            (old_rotate_stream_ordering, self._rotate_count),
+        )
+        stream_row = txn.fetchone()
+        if stream_row:
+            offset_stream_ordering, = stream_row
+            rotate_to_stream_ordering = min(
+                self.stream_ordering_day_ago, offset_stream_ordering
+            )
+            caught_up = offset_stream_ordering >= self.stream_ordering_day_ago
+        else:
+            rotate_to_stream_ordering = self.stream_ordering_day_ago
+            caught_up = True
+
+        logger.info("Rotating notifications up to: %s", rotate_to_stream_ordering)
+
+        self._rotate_notifs_before_txn(txn, rotate_to_stream_ordering)
+
+        # We have caught up iff we were limited by `stream_ordering_day_ago`
+        return caught_up
+
+    def _rotate_notifs_before_txn(self, txn, rotate_to_stream_ordering):
+        old_rotate_stream_ordering = self._simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
+            txn,
+            table="event_push_summary_stream_ordering",
+            keyvalues={},
+            retcol="stream_ordering",
+        )
+
+        # Calculate the new counts that should be upserted into event_push_summary
+        sql = """
+            SELECT user_id, room_id,
+                coalesce(old.notif_count, 0) + upd.notif_count,
+                upd.stream_ordering,
+                old.user_id
+            FROM (
+                SELECT user_id, room_id, count(*) as notif_count,
+                    max(stream_ordering) as stream_ordering
+                FROM event_push_actions
+                WHERE ? <= stream_ordering AND stream_ordering < ?
+                    AND highlight = 0
+                GROUP BY user_id, room_id
+            ) AS upd
+            LEFT JOIN event_push_summary AS old USING (user_id, room_id)
+        """
+
+        txn.execute(sql, (old_rotate_stream_ordering, rotate_to_stream_ordering))
+        rows = txn.fetchall()
+
+        logger.info("Rotating notifications, handling %d rows", len(rows))
+
+        # If the `old.user_id` above is NULL then we know there isn't already an
+        # entry in the table, so we simply insert it. Otherwise we update the
+        # existing table.
+        self._simple_insert_many_txn(
+            txn,
+            table="event_push_summary",
+            values=[
+                {
+                    "user_id": row[0],
+                    "room_id": row[1],
+                    "notif_count": row[2],
+                    "stream_ordering": row[3],
+                }
+                for row in rows
+                if row[4] is None
+            ],
+        )
+
+        txn.executemany(
+            """
+                UPDATE event_push_summary SET notif_count = ?, stream_ordering = ?
+                WHERE user_id = ? AND room_id = ?
+            """,
+            ((row[2], row[3], row[0], row[1]) for row in rows if row[4] is not None),
+        )
+
+        txn.execute(
+            "DELETE FROM event_push_actions"
+            " WHERE ? <= stream_ordering AND stream_ordering < ? AND highlight = 0",
+            (old_rotate_stream_ordering, rotate_to_stream_ordering),
+        )
+
+        logger.info("Rotating notifications, deleted %s push actions", txn.rowcount)
+
+        txn.execute(
+            "UPDATE event_push_summary_stream_ordering SET stream_ordering = ?",
+            (rotate_to_stream_ordering,),
+        )
+
+
+def _action_has_highlight(actions):
+    for action in actions:
+        try:
+            if action.get("set_tweak", None) == "highlight":
+                return action.get("value", True)
+        except AttributeError:
+            pass
+
+    return False
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/events.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/events.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..03b5111c5d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/events.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2489 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+# Copyright 2018-2019 New Vector Ltd
+# Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import itertools
+import logging
+from collections import Counter as c_counter, OrderedDict, deque, namedtuple
+from functools import wraps
+
+from six import iteritems, text_type
+from six.moves import range
+
+from canonicaljson import json
+from prometheus_client import Counter, Histogram
+
+from twisted.internet import defer
+
+import synapse.metrics
+from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes
+from synapse.api.errors import SynapseError
+from synapse.events import EventBase  # noqa: F401
+from synapse.events.snapshot import EventContext  # noqa: F401
+from synapse.events.utils import prune_event_dict
+from synapse.logging.context import PreserveLoggingContext, make_deferred_yieldable
+from synapse.logging.utils import log_function
+from synapse.metrics import BucketCollector
+from synapse.metrics.background_process_metrics import run_as_background_process
+from synapse.state import StateResolutionStore
+from synapse.storage._base import make_in_list_sql_clause
+from synapse.storage.background_updates import BackgroundUpdateStore
+from synapse.storage.data_stores.main.event_federation import EventFederationStore
+from synapse.storage.data_stores.main.events_worker import EventsWorkerStore
+from synapse.storage.data_stores.main.state import StateGroupWorkerStore
+from synapse.types import RoomStreamToken, get_domain_from_id
+from synapse.util import batch_iter
+from synapse.util.async_helpers import ObservableDeferred
+from synapse.util.caches.descriptors import cached, cachedInlineCallbacks
+from synapse.util.frozenutils import frozendict_json_encoder
+from synapse.util.metrics import Measure
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+persist_event_counter = Counter("synapse_storage_events_persisted_events", "")
+event_counter = Counter(
+    "synapse_storage_events_persisted_events_sep",
+    "",
+    ["type", "origin_type", "origin_entity"],
+)
+
+# The number of times we are recalculating the current state
+state_delta_counter = Counter("synapse_storage_events_state_delta", "")
+
+# The number of times we are recalculating state when there is only a
+# single forward extremity
+state_delta_single_event_counter = Counter(
+    "synapse_storage_events_state_delta_single_event", ""
+)
+
+# The number of times we are reculating state when we could have resonably
+# calculated the delta when we calculated the state for an event we were
+# persisting.
+state_delta_reuse_delta_counter = Counter(
+    "synapse_storage_events_state_delta_reuse_delta", ""
+)
+
+# The number of forward extremities for each new event.
+forward_extremities_counter = Histogram(
+    "synapse_storage_events_forward_extremities_persisted",
+    "Number of forward extremities for each new event",
+    buckets=(1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, 20, 50, 100, 200, 500, "+Inf"),
+)
+
+# The number of stale forward extremities for each new event. Stale extremities
+# are those that were in the previous set of extremities as well as the new.
+stale_forward_extremities_counter = Histogram(
+    "synapse_storage_events_stale_forward_extremities_persisted",
+    "Number of unchanged forward extremities for each new event",
+    buckets=(0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, 20, 50, 100, 200, 500, "+Inf"),
+)
+
+
+def encode_json(json_object):
+    """
+    Encode a Python object as JSON and return it in a Unicode string.
+    """
+    out = frozendict_json_encoder.encode(json_object)
+    if isinstance(out, bytes):
+        out = out.decode("utf8")
+    return out
+
+
+class _EventPeristenceQueue(object):
+    """Queues up events so that they can be persisted in bulk with only one
+    concurrent transaction per room.
+    """
+
+    _EventPersistQueueItem = namedtuple(
+        "_EventPersistQueueItem", ("events_and_contexts", "backfilled", "deferred")
+    )
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self._event_persist_queues = {}
+        self._currently_persisting_rooms = set()
+
+    def add_to_queue(self, room_id, events_and_contexts, backfilled):
+        """Add events to the queue, with the given persist_event options.
+
+        NB: due to the normal usage pattern of this method, it does *not*
+        follow the synapse logcontext rules, and leaves the logcontext in
+        place whether or not the returned deferred is ready.
+
+        Args:
+            room_id (str):
+            events_and_contexts (list[(EventBase, EventContext)]):
+            backfilled (bool):
+
+        Returns:
+            defer.Deferred: a deferred which will resolve once the events are
+                persisted. Runs its callbacks *without* a logcontext.
+        """
+        queue = self._event_persist_queues.setdefault(room_id, deque())
+        if queue:
+            # if the last item in the queue has the same `backfilled` setting,
+            # we can just add these new events to that item.
+            end_item = queue[-1]
+            if end_item.backfilled == backfilled:
+                end_item.events_and_contexts.extend(events_and_contexts)
+                return end_item.deferred.observe()
+
+        deferred = ObservableDeferred(defer.Deferred(), consumeErrors=True)
+
+        queue.append(
+            self._EventPersistQueueItem(
+                events_and_contexts=events_and_contexts,
+                backfilled=backfilled,
+                deferred=deferred,
+            )
+        )
+
+        return deferred.observe()
+
+    def handle_queue(self, room_id, per_item_callback):
+        """Attempts to handle the queue for a room if not already being handled.
+
+        The given callback will be invoked with for each item in the queue,
+        of type _EventPersistQueueItem. The per_item_callback will continuously
+        be called with new items, unless the queue becomnes empty. The return
+        value of the function will be given to the deferreds waiting on the item,
+        exceptions will be passed to the deferreds as well.
+
+        This function should therefore be called whenever anything is added
+        to the queue.
+
+        If another callback is currently handling the queue then it will not be
+        invoked.
+        """
+
+        if room_id in self._currently_persisting_rooms:
+            return
+
+        self._currently_persisting_rooms.add(room_id)
+
+        @defer.inlineCallbacks
+        def handle_queue_loop():
+            try:
+                queue = self._get_drainining_queue(room_id)
+                for item in queue:
+                    try:
+                        ret = yield per_item_callback(item)
+                    except Exception:
+                        with PreserveLoggingContext():
+                            item.deferred.errback()
+                    else:
+                        with PreserveLoggingContext():
+                            item.deferred.callback(ret)
+            finally:
+                queue = self._event_persist_queues.pop(room_id, None)
+                if queue:
+                    self._event_persist_queues[room_id] = queue
+                self._currently_persisting_rooms.discard(room_id)
+
+        # set handle_queue_loop off in the background
+        run_as_background_process("persist_events", handle_queue_loop)
+
+    def _get_drainining_queue(self, room_id):
+        queue = self._event_persist_queues.setdefault(room_id, deque())
+
+        try:
+            while True:
+                yield queue.popleft()
+        except IndexError:
+            # Queue has been drained.
+            pass
+
+
+_EventCacheEntry = namedtuple("_EventCacheEntry", ("event", "redacted_event"))
+
+
+def _retry_on_integrity_error(func):
+    """Wraps a database function so that it gets retried on IntegrityError,
+    with `delete_existing=True` passed in.
+
+    Args:
+        func: function that returns a Deferred and accepts a `delete_existing` arg
+    """
+
+    @wraps(func)
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def f(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        try:
+            res = yield func(self, *args, **kwargs)
+        except self.database_engine.module.IntegrityError:
+            logger.exception("IntegrityError, retrying.")
+            res = yield func(self, *args, delete_existing=True, **kwargs)
+        return res
+
+    return f
+
+
+# inherits from EventFederationStore so that we can call _update_backward_extremities
+# and _handle_mult_prev_events (though arguably those could both be moved in here)
+class EventsStore(
+    StateGroupWorkerStore,
+    EventFederationStore,
+    EventsWorkerStore,
+    BackgroundUpdateStore,
+):
+    def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
+        super(EventsStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
+
+        self._event_persist_queue = _EventPeristenceQueue()
+        self._state_resolution_handler = hs.get_state_resolution_handler()
+
+        # Collect metrics on the number of forward extremities that exist.
+        # Counter of number of extremities to count
+        self._current_forward_extremities_amount = c_counter()
+
+        BucketCollector(
+            "synapse_forward_extremities",
+            lambda: self._current_forward_extremities_amount,
+            buckets=[1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, 20, 50, 100, 200, 500, "+Inf"],
+        )
+
+        # Read the extrems every 60 minutes
+        def read_forward_extremities():
+            # run as a background process to make sure that the database transactions
+            # have a logcontext to report to
+            return run_as_background_process(
+                "read_forward_extremities", self._read_forward_extremities
+            )
+
+        hs.get_clock().looping_call(read_forward_extremities, 60 * 60 * 1000)
+
+        def _censor_redactions():
+            return run_as_background_process(
+                "_censor_redactions", self._censor_redactions
+            )
+
+        if self.hs.config.redaction_retention_period is not None:
+            hs.get_clock().looping_call(_censor_redactions, 5 * 60 * 1000)
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def _read_forward_extremities(self):
+        def fetch(txn):
+            txn.execute(
+                """
+                select count(*) c from event_forward_extremities
+                group by room_id
+                """
+            )
+            return txn.fetchall()
+
+        res = yield self.runInteraction("read_forward_extremities", fetch)
+        self._current_forward_extremities_amount = c_counter(list(x[0] for x in res))
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def persist_events(self, events_and_contexts, backfilled=False):
+        """
+        Write events to the database
+        Args:
+            events_and_contexts: list of tuples of (event, context)
+            backfilled (bool): Whether the results are retrieved from federation
+                via backfill or not. Used to determine if they're "new" events
+                which might update the current state etc.
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred[int]: the stream ordering of the latest persisted event
+        """
+        partitioned = {}
+        for event, ctx in events_and_contexts:
+            partitioned.setdefault(event.room_id, []).append((event, ctx))
+
+        deferreds = []
+        for room_id, evs_ctxs in iteritems(partitioned):
+            d = self._event_persist_queue.add_to_queue(
+                room_id, evs_ctxs, backfilled=backfilled
+            )
+            deferreds.append(d)
+
+        for room_id in partitioned:
+            self._maybe_start_persisting(room_id)
+
+        yield make_deferred_yieldable(
+            defer.gatherResults(deferreds, consumeErrors=True)
+        )
+
+        max_persisted_id = yield self._stream_id_gen.get_current_token()
+
+        return max_persisted_id
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    @log_function
+    def persist_event(self, event, context, backfilled=False):
+        """
+
+        Args:
+            event (EventBase):
+            context (EventContext):
+            backfilled (bool):
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred: resolves to (int, int): the stream ordering of ``event``,
+            and the stream ordering of the latest persisted event
+        """
+        deferred = self._event_persist_queue.add_to_queue(
+            event.room_id, [(event, context)], backfilled=backfilled
+        )
+
+        self._maybe_start_persisting(event.room_id)
+
+        yield make_deferred_yieldable(deferred)
+
+        max_persisted_id = yield self._stream_id_gen.get_current_token()
+        return (event.internal_metadata.stream_ordering, max_persisted_id)
+
+    def _maybe_start_persisting(self, room_id):
+        @defer.inlineCallbacks
+        def persisting_queue(item):
+            with Measure(self._clock, "persist_events"):
+                yield self._persist_events(
+                    item.events_and_contexts, backfilled=item.backfilled
+                )
+
+        self._event_persist_queue.handle_queue(room_id, persisting_queue)
+
+    @_retry_on_integrity_error
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def _persist_events(
+        self, events_and_contexts, backfilled=False, delete_existing=False
+    ):
+        """Persist events to db
+
+        Args:
+            events_and_contexts (list[(EventBase, EventContext)]):
+            backfilled (bool):
+            delete_existing (bool):
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred: resolves when the events have been persisted
+        """
+        if not events_and_contexts:
+            return
+
+        chunks = [
+            events_and_contexts[x : x + 100]
+            for x in range(0, len(events_and_contexts), 100)
+        ]
+
+        for chunk in chunks:
+            # We can't easily parallelize these since different chunks
+            # might contain the same event. :(
+
+            # NB: Assumes that we are only persisting events for one room
+            # at a time.
+
+            # map room_id->list[event_ids] giving the new forward
+            # extremities in each room
+            new_forward_extremeties = {}
+
+            # map room_id->(type,state_key)->event_id tracking the full
+            # state in each room after adding these events.
+            # This is simply used to prefill the get_current_state_ids
+            # cache
+            current_state_for_room = {}
+
+            # map room_id->(to_delete, to_insert) where to_delete is a list
+            # of type/state keys to remove from current state, and to_insert
+            # is a map (type,key)->event_id giving the state delta in each
+            # room
+            state_delta_for_room = {}
+
+            if not backfilled:
+                with Measure(self._clock, "_calculate_state_and_extrem"):
+                    # Work out the new "current state" for each room.
+                    # We do this by working out what the new extremities are and then
+                    # calculating the state from that.
+                    events_by_room = {}
+                    for event, context in chunk:
+                        events_by_room.setdefault(event.room_id, []).append(
+                            (event, context)
+                        )
+
+                    for room_id, ev_ctx_rm in iteritems(events_by_room):
+                        latest_event_ids = yield self.get_latest_event_ids_in_room(
+                            room_id
+                        )
+                        new_latest_event_ids = yield self._calculate_new_extremities(
+                            room_id, ev_ctx_rm, latest_event_ids
+                        )
+
+                        latest_event_ids = set(latest_event_ids)
+                        if new_latest_event_ids == latest_event_ids:
+                            # No change in extremities, so no change in state
+                            continue
+
+                        # there should always be at least one forward extremity.
+                        # (except during the initial persistence of the send_join
+                        # results, in which case there will be no existing
+                        # extremities, so we'll `continue` above and skip this bit.)
+                        assert new_latest_event_ids, "No forward extremities left!"
+
+                        new_forward_extremeties[room_id] = new_latest_event_ids
+
+                        len_1 = (
+                            len(latest_event_ids) == 1
+                            and len(new_latest_event_ids) == 1
+                        )
+                        if len_1:
+                            all_single_prev_not_state = all(
+                                len(event.prev_event_ids()) == 1
+                                and not event.is_state()
+                                for event, ctx in ev_ctx_rm
+                            )
+                            # Don't bother calculating state if they're just
+                            # a long chain of single ancestor non-state events.
+                            if all_single_prev_not_state:
+                                continue
+
+                        state_delta_counter.inc()
+                        if len(new_latest_event_ids) == 1:
+                            state_delta_single_event_counter.inc()
+
+                            # This is a fairly handwavey check to see if we could
+                            # have guessed what the delta would have been when
+                            # processing one of these events.
+                            # What we're interested in is if the latest extremities
+                            # were the same when we created the event as they are
+                            # now. When this server creates a new event (as opposed
+                            # to receiving it over federation) it will use the
+                            # forward extremities as the prev_events, so we can
+                            # guess this by looking at the prev_events and checking
+                            # if they match the current forward extremities.
+                            for ev, _ in ev_ctx_rm:
+                                prev_event_ids = set(ev.prev_event_ids())
+                                if latest_event_ids == prev_event_ids:
+                                    state_delta_reuse_delta_counter.inc()
+                                    break
+
+                        logger.info("Calculating state delta for room %s", room_id)
+                        with Measure(
+                            self._clock, "persist_events.get_new_state_after_events"
+                        ):
+                            res = yield self._get_new_state_after_events(
+                                room_id,
+                                ev_ctx_rm,
+                                latest_event_ids,
+                                new_latest_event_ids,
+                            )
+                            current_state, delta_ids = res
+
+                        # If either are not None then there has been a change,
+                        # and we need to work out the delta (or use that
+                        # given)
+                        if delta_ids is not None:
+                            # If there is a delta we know that we've
+                            # only added or replaced state, never
+                            # removed keys entirely.
+                            state_delta_for_room[room_id] = ([], delta_ids)
+                        elif current_state is not None:
+                            with Measure(
+                                self._clock, "persist_events.calculate_state_delta"
+                            ):
+                                delta = yield self._calculate_state_delta(
+                                    room_id, current_state
+                                )
+                            state_delta_for_room[room_id] = delta
+
+                        # If we have the current_state then lets prefill
+                        # the cache with it.
+                        if current_state is not None:
+                            current_state_for_room[room_id] = current_state
+
+            # We want to calculate the stream orderings as late as possible, as
+            # we only notify after all events with a lesser stream ordering have
+            # been persisted. I.e. if we spend 10s inside the with block then
+            # that will delay all subsequent events from being notified about.
+            # Hence why we do it down here rather than wrapping the entire
+            # function.
+            #
+            # Its safe to do this after calculating the state deltas etc as we
+            # only need to protect the *persistence* of the events. This is to
+            # ensure that queries of the form "fetch events since X" don't
+            # return events and stream positions after events that are still in
+            # flight, as otherwise subsequent requests "fetch event since Y"
+            # will not return those events.
+            #
+            # Note: Multiple instances of this function cannot be in flight at
+            # the same time for the same room.
+            if backfilled:
+                stream_ordering_manager = self._backfill_id_gen.get_next_mult(
+                    len(chunk)
+                )
+            else:
+                stream_ordering_manager = self._stream_id_gen.get_next_mult(len(chunk))
+
+            with stream_ordering_manager as stream_orderings:
+                for (event, context), stream in zip(chunk, stream_orderings):
+                    event.internal_metadata.stream_ordering = stream
+
+                yield self.runInteraction(
+                    "persist_events",
+                    self._persist_events_txn,
+                    events_and_contexts=chunk,
+                    backfilled=backfilled,
+                    delete_existing=delete_existing,
+                    state_delta_for_room=state_delta_for_room,
+                    new_forward_extremeties=new_forward_extremeties,
+                )
+                persist_event_counter.inc(len(chunk))
+
+                if not backfilled:
+                    # backfilled events have negative stream orderings, so we don't
+                    # want to set the event_persisted_position to that.
+                    synapse.metrics.event_persisted_position.set(
+                        chunk[-1][0].internal_metadata.stream_ordering
+                    )
+
+                for event, context in chunk:
+                    if context.app_service:
+                        origin_type = "local"
+                        origin_entity = context.app_service.id
+                    elif self.hs.is_mine_id(event.sender):
+                        origin_type = "local"
+                        origin_entity = "*client*"
+                    else:
+                        origin_type = "remote"
+                        origin_entity = get_domain_from_id(event.sender)
+
+                    event_counter.labels(event.type, origin_type, origin_entity).inc()
+
+                for room_id, new_state in iteritems(current_state_for_room):
+                    self.get_current_state_ids.prefill((room_id,), new_state)
+
+                for room_id, latest_event_ids in iteritems(new_forward_extremeties):
+                    self.get_latest_event_ids_in_room.prefill(
+                        (room_id,), list(latest_event_ids)
+                    )
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def _calculate_new_extremities(self, room_id, event_contexts, latest_event_ids):
+        """Calculates the new forward extremities for a room given events to
+        persist.
+
+        Assumes that we are only persisting events for one room at a time.
+        """
+
+        # we're only interested in new events which aren't outliers and which aren't
+        # being rejected.
+        new_events = [
+            event
+            for event, ctx in event_contexts
+            if not event.internal_metadata.is_outlier()
+            and not ctx.rejected
+            and not event.internal_metadata.is_soft_failed()
+        ]
+
+        latest_event_ids = set(latest_event_ids)
+
+        # start with the existing forward extremities
+        result = set(latest_event_ids)
+
+        # add all the new events to the list
+        result.update(event.event_id for event in new_events)
+
+        # Now remove all events which are prev_events of any of the new events
+        result.difference_update(
+            e_id for event in new_events for e_id in event.prev_event_ids()
+        )
+
+        # Remove any events which are prev_events of any existing events.
+        existing_prevs = yield self._get_events_which_are_prevs(result)
+        result.difference_update(existing_prevs)
+
+        # Finally handle the case where the new events have soft-failed prev
+        # events. If they do we need to remove them and their prev events,
+        # otherwise we end up with dangling extremities.
+        existing_prevs = yield self._get_prevs_before_rejected(
+            e_id for event in new_events for e_id in event.prev_event_ids()
+        )
+        result.difference_update(existing_prevs)
+
+        # We only update metrics for events that change forward extremities
+        # (e.g. we ignore backfill/outliers/etc)
+        if result != latest_event_ids:
+            forward_extremities_counter.observe(len(result))
+            stale = latest_event_ids & result
+            stale_forward_extremities_counter.observe(len(stale))
+
+        return result
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def _get_events_which_are_prevs(self, event_ids):
+        """Filter the supplied list of event_ids to get those which are prev_events of
+        existing (non-outlier/rejected) events.
+
+        Args:
+            event_ids (Iterable[str]): event ids to filter
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred[List[str]]: filtered event ids
+        """
+        results = []
+
+        def _get_events_which_are_prevs_txn(txn, batch):
+            sql = """
+            SELECT prev_event_id, internal_metadata
+            FROM event_edges
+                INNER JOIN events USING (event_id)
+                LEFT JOIN rejections USING (event_id)
+                LEFT JOIN event_json USING (event_id)
+            WHERE
+                NOT events.outlier
+                AND rejections.event_id IS NULL
+                AND
+            """
+
+            clause, args = make_in_list_sql_clause(
+                self.database_engine, "prev_event_id", batch
+            )
+
+            txn.execute(sql + clause, args)
+            results.extend(r[0] for r in txn if not json.loads(r[1]).get("soft_failed"))
+
+        for chunk in batch_iter(event_ids, 100):
+            yield self.runInteraction(
+                "_get_events_which_are_prevs", _get_events_which_are_prevs_txn, chunk
+            )
+
+        return results
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def _get_prevs_before_rejected(self, event_ids):
+        """Get soft-failed ancestors to remove from the extremities.
+
+        Given a set of events, find all those that have been soft-failed or
+        rejected. Returns those soft failed/rejected events and their prev
+        events (whether soft-failed/rejected or not), and recurses up the
+        prev-event graph until it finds no more soft-failed/rejected events.
+
+        This is used to find extremities that are ancestors of new events, but
+        are separated by soft failed events.
+
+        Args:
+            event_ids (Iterable[str]): Events to find prev events for. Note
+                that these must have already been persisted.
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred[set[str]]
+        """
+
+        # The set of event_ids to return. This includes all soft-failed events
+        # and their prev events.
+        existing_prevs = set()
+
+        def _get_prevs_before_rejected_txn(txn, batch):
+            to_recursively_check = batch
+
+            while to_recursively_check:
+                sql = """
+                SELECT
+                    event_id, prev_event_id, internal_metadata,
+                    rejections.event_id IS NOT NULL
+                FROM event_edges
+                    INNER JOIN events USING (event_id)
+                    LEFT JOIN rejections USING (event_id)
+                    LEFT JOIN event_json USING (event_id)
+                WHERE
+                    NOT events.outlier
+                    AND
+                """
+
+                clause, args = make_in_list_sql_clause(
+                    self.database_engine, "event_id", to_recursively_check
+                )
+
+                txn.execute(sql + clause, args)
+                to_recursively_check = []
+
+                for event_id, prev_event_id, metadata, rejected in txn:
+                    if prev_event_id in existing_prevs:
+                        continue
+
+                    soft_failed = json.loads(metadata).get("soft_failed")
+                    if soft_failed or rejected:
+                        to_recursively_check.append(prev_event_id)
+                        existing_prevs.add(prev_event_id)
+
+        for chunk in batch_iter(event_ids, 100):
+            yield self.runInteraction(
+                "_get_prevs_before_rejected", _get_prevs_before_rejected_txn, chunk
+            )
+
+        return existing_prevs
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def _get_new_state_after_events(
+        self, room_id, events_context, old_latest_event_ids, new_latest_event_ids
+    ):
+        """Calculate the current state dict after adding some new events to
+        a room
+
+        Args:
+            room_id (str):
+                room to which the events are being added. Used for logging etc
+
+            events_context (list[(EventBase, EventContext)]):
+                events and contexts which are being added to the room
+
+            old_latest_event_ids (iterable[str]):
+                the old forward extremities for the room.
+
+            new_latest_event_ids (iterable[str]):
+                the new forward extremities for the room.
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred[tuple[dict[(str,str), str]|None, dict[(str,str), str]|None]]:
+            Returns a tuple of two state maps, the first being the full new current
+            state and the second being the delta to the existing current state.
+            If both are None then there has been no change.
+
+            If there has been a change then we only return the delta if its
+            already been calculated. Conversely if we do know the delta then
+            the new current state is only returned if we've already calculated
+            it.
+        """
+        # map from state_group to ((type, key) -> event_id) state map
+        state_groups_map = {}
+
+        # Map from (prev state group, new state group) -> delta state dict
+        state_group_deltas = {}
+
+        for ev, ctx in events_context:
+            if ctx.state_group is None:
+                # This should only happen for outlier events.
+                if not ev.internal_metadata.is_outlier():
+                    raise Exception(
+                        "Context for new event %s has no state "
+                        "group" % (ev.event_id,)
+                    )
+                continue
+
+            if ctx.state_group in state_groups_map:
+                continue
+
+            # We're only interested in pulling out state that has already
+            # been cached in the context. We'll pull stuff out of the DB later
+            # if necessary.
+            current_state_ids = ctx.get_cached_current_state_ids()
+            if current_state_ids is not None:
+                state_groups_map[ctx.state_group] = current_state_ids
+
+            if ctx.prev_group:
+                state_group_deltas[(ctx.prev_group, ctx.state_group)] = ctx.delta_ids
+
+        # We need to map the event_ids to their state groups. First, let's
+        # check if the event is one we're persisting, in which case we can
+        # pull the state group from its context.
+        # Otherwise we need to pull the state group from the database.
+
+        # Set of events we need to fetch groups for. (We know none of the old
+        # extremities are going to be in events_context).
+        missing_event_ids = set(old_latest_event_ids)
+
+        event_id_to_state_group = {}
+        for event_id in new_latest_event_ids:
+            # First search in the list of new events we're adding.
+            for ev, ctx in events_context:
+                if event_id == ev.event_id and ctx.state_group is not None:
+                    event_id_to_state_group[event_id] = ctx.state_group
+                    break
+            else:
+                # If we couldn't find it, then we'll need to pull
+                # the state from the database
+                missing_event_ids.add(event_id)
+
+        if missing_event_ids:
+            # Now pull out the state groups for any missing events from DB
+            event_to_groups = yield self._get_state_group_for_events(missing_event_ids)
+            event_id_to_state_group.update(event_to_groups)
+
+        # State groups of old_latest_event_ids
+        old_state_groups = set(
+            event_id_to_state_group[evid] for evid in old_latest_event_ids
+        )
+
+        # State groups of new_latest_event_ids
+        new_state_groups = set(
+            event_id_to_state_group[evid] for evid in new_latest_event_ids
+        )
+
+        # If they old and new groups are the same then we don't need to do
+        # anything.
+        if old_state_groups == new_state_groups:
+            return None, None
+
+        if len(new_state_groups) == 1 and len(old_state_groups) == 1:
+            # If we're going from one state group to another, lets check if
+            # we have a delta for that transition. If we do then we can just
+            # return that.
+
+            new_state_group = next(iter(new_state_groups))
+            old_state_group = next(iter(old_state_groups))
+
+            delta_ids = state_group_deltas.get((old_state_group, new_state_group), None)
+            if delta_ids is not None:
+                # We have a delta from the existing to new current state,
+                # so lets just return that. If we happen to already have
+                # the current state in memory then lets also return that,
+                # but it doesn't matter if we don't.
+                new_state = state_groups_map.get(new_state_group)
+                return new_state, delta_ids
+
+        # Now that we have calculated new_state_groups we need to get
+        # their state IDs so we can resolve to a single state set.
+        missing_state = new_state_groups - set(state_groups_map)
+        if missing_state:
+            group_to_state = yield self._get_state_for_groups(missing_state)
+            state_groups_map.update(group_to_state)
+
+        if len(new_state_groups) == 1:
+            # If there is only one state group, then we know what the current
+            # state is.
+            return state_groups_map[new_state_groups.pop()], None
+
+        # Ok, we need to defer to the state handler to resolve our state sets.
+
+        state_groups = {sg: state_groups_map[sg] for sg in new_state_groups}
+
+        events_map = {ev.event_id: ev for ev, _ in events_context}
+
+        # We need to get the room version, which is in the create event.
+        # Normally that'd be in the database, but its also possible that we're
+        # currently trying to persist it.
+        room_version = None
+        for ev, _ in events_context:
+            if ev.type == EventTypes.Create and ev.state_key == "":
+                room_version = ev.content.get("room_version", "1")
+                break
+
+        if not room_version:
+            room_version = yield self.get_room_version(room_id)
+
+        logger.debug("calling resolve_state_groups from preserve_events")
+        res = yield self._state_resolution_handler.resolve_state_groups(
+            room_id,
+            room_version,
+            state_groups,
+            events_map,
+            state_res_store=StateResolutionStore(self),
+        )
+
+        return res.state, None
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def _calculate_state_delta(self, room_id, current_state):
+        """Calculate the new state deltas for a room.
+
+        Assumes that we are only persisting events for one room at a time.
+
+        Returns:
+            tuple[list, dict] (to_delete, to_insert): where to_delete are the
+            type/state_keys to remove from current_state_events and `to_insert`
+            are the updates to current_state_events.
+        """
+        existing_state = yield self.get_current_state_ids(room_id)
+
+        to_delete = [key for key in existing_state if key not in current_state]
+
+        to_insert = {
+            key: ev_id
+            for key, ev_id in iteritems(current_state)
+            if ev_id != existing_state.get(key)
+        }
+
+        return to_delete, to_insert
+
+    @log_function
+    def _persist_events_txn(
+        self,
+        txn,
+        events_and_contexts,
+        backfilled,
+        delete_existing=False,
+        state_delta_for_room={},
+        new_forward_extremeties={},
+    ):
+        """Insert some number of room events into the necessary database tables.
+
+        Rejected events are only inserted into the events table, the events_json table,
+        and the rejections table. Things reading from those table will need to check
+        whether the event was rejected.
+
+        Args:
+            txn (twisted.enterprise.adbapi.Connection): db connection
+            events_and_contexts (list[(EventBase, EventContext)]):
+                events to persist
+            backfilled (bool): True if the events were backfilled
+            delete_existing (bool): True to purge existing table rows for the
+                events from the database. This is useful when retrying due to
+                IntegrityError.
+            state_delta_for_room (dict[str, (list, dict)]):
+                The current-state delta for each room. For each room, a tuple
+                (to_delete, to_insert), being a list of type/state keys to be
+                removed from the current state, and a state set to be added to
+                the current state.
+            new_forward_extremeties (dict[str, list[str]]):
+                The new forward extremities for each room. For each room, a
+                list of the event ids which are the forward extremities.
+
+        """
+        all_events_and_contexts = events_and_contexts
+
+        min_stream_order = events_and_contexts[0][0].internal_metadata.stream_ordering
+        max_stream_order = events_and_contexts[-1][0].internal_metadata.stream_ordering
+
+        self._update_forward_extremities_txn(
+            txn,
+            new_forward_extremities=new_forward_extremeties,
+            max_stream_order=max_stream_order,
+        )
+
+        # Ensure that we don't have the same event twice.
+        events_and_contexts = self._filter_events_and_contexts_for_duplicates(
+            events_and_contexts
+        )
+
+        self._update_room_depths_txn(
+            txn, events_and_contexts=events_and_contexts, backfilled=backfilled
+        )
+
+        # _update_outliers_txn filters out any events which have already been
+        # persisted, and returns the filtered list.
+        events_and_contexts = self._update_outliers_txn(
+            txn, events_and_contexts=events_and_contexts
+        )
+
+        # From this point onwards the events are only events that we haven't
+        # seen before.
+
+        if delete_existing:
+            # For paranoia reasons, we go and delete all the existing entries
+            # for these events so we can reinsert them.
+            # This gets around any problems with some tables already having
+            # entries.
+            self._delete_existing_rows_txn(txn, events_and_contexts=events_and_contexts)
+
+        self._store_event_txn(txn, events_and_contexts=events_and_contexts)
+
+        # Insert into event_to_state_groups.
+        self._store_event_state_mappings_txn(txn, events_and_contexts)
+
+        # We want to store event_auth mappings for rejected events, as they're
+        # used in state res v2.
+        # This is only necessary if the rejected event appears in an accepted
+        # event's auth chain, but its easier for now just to store them (and
+        # it doesn't take much storage compared to storing the entire event
+        # anyway).
+        self._simple_insert_many_txn(
+            txn,
+            table="event_auth",
+            values=[
+                {
+                    "event_id": event.event_id,
+                    "room_id": event.room_id,
+                    "auth_id": auth_id,
+                }
+                for event, _ in events_and_contexts
+                for auth_id in event.auth_event_ids()
+                if event.is_state()
+            ],
+        )
+
+        # _store_rejected_events_txn filters out any events which were
+        # rejected, and returns the filtered list.
+        events_and_contexts = self._store_rejected_events_txn(
+            txn, events_and_contexts=events_and_contexts
+        )
+
+        # From this point onwards the events are only ones that weren't
+        # rejected.
+
+        self._update_metadata_tables_txn(
+            txn,
+            events_and_contexts=events_and_contexts,
+            all_events_and_contexts=all_events_and_contexts,
+            backfilled=backfilled,
+        )
+
+        # We call this last as it assumes we've inserted the events into
+        # room_memberships, where applicable.
+        self._update_current_state_txn(txn, state_delta_for_room, min_stream_order)
+
+    def _update_current_state_txn(self, txn, state_delta_by_room, stream_id):
+        for room_id, current_state_tuple in iteritems(state_delta_by_room):
+            to_delete, to_insert = current_state_tuple
+
+            # First we add entries to the current_state_delta_stream. We
+            # do this before updating the current_state_events table so
+            # that we can use it to calculate the `prev_event_id`. (This
+            # allows us to not have to pull out the existing state
+            # unnecessarily).
+            #
+            # The stream_id for the update is chosen to be the minimum of the stream_ids
+            # for the batch of the events that we are persisting; that means we do not
+            # end up in a situation where workers see events before the
+            # current_state_delta updates.
+            #
+            sql = """
+                INSERT INTO current_state_delta_stream
+                (stream_id, room_id, type, state_key, event_id, prev_event_id)
+                SELECT ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, (
+                    SELECT event_id FROM current_state_events
+                    WHERE room_id = ? AND type = ? AND state_key = ?
+                )
+            """
+            txn.executemany(
+                sql,
+                (
+                    (
+                        stream_id,
+                        room_id,
+                        etype,
+                        state_key,
+                        None,
+                        room_id,
+                        etype,
+                        state_key,
+                    )
+                    for etype, state_key in to_delete
+                    # We sanity check that we're deleting rather than updating
+                    if (etype, state_key) not in to_insert
+                ),
+            )
+            txn.executemany(
+                sql,
+                (
+                    (
+                        stream_id,
+                        room_id,
+                        etype,
+                        state_key,
+                        ev_id,
+                        room_id,
+                        etype,
+                        state_key,
+                    )
+                    for (etype, state_key), ev_id in iteritems(to_insert)
+                ),
+            )
+
+            # Now we actually update the current_state_events table
+
+            txn.executemany(
+                "DELETE FROM current_state_events"
+                " WHERE room_id = ? AND type = ? AND state_key = ?",
+                (
+                    (room_id, etype, state_key)
+                    for etype, state_key in itertools.chain(to_delete, to_insert)
+                ),
+            )
+
+            # We include the membership in the current state table, hence we do
+            # a lookup when we insert. This assumes that all events have already
+            # been inserted into room_memberships.
+            txn.executemany(
+                """INSERT INTO current_state_events
+                    (room_id, type, state_key, event_id, membership)
+                VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, (SELECT membership FROM room_memberships WHERE event_id = ?))
+                """,
+                [
+                    (room_id, key[0], key[1], ev_id, ev_id)
+                    for key, ev_id in iteritems(to_insert)
+                ],
+            )
+
+            txn.call_after(
+                self._curr_state_delta_stream_cache.entity_has_changed,
+                room_id,
+                stream_id,
+            )
+
+            # Invalidate the various caches
+
+            # Figure out the changes of membership to invalidate the
+            # `get_rooms_for_user` cache.
+            # We find out which membership events we may have deleted
+            # and which we have added, then we invlidate the caches for all
+            # those users.
+            members_changed = set(
+                state_key
+                for ev_type, state_key in itertools.chain(to_delete, to_insert)
+                if ev_type == EventTypes.Member
+            )
+
+            for member in members_changed:
+                txn.call_after(
+                    self.get_rooms_for_user_with_stream_ordering.invalidate, (member,)
+                )
+
+            self._invalidate_state_caches_and_stream(txn, room_id, members_changed)
+
+    def _update_forward_extremities_txn(
+        self, txn, new_forward_extremities, max_stream_order
+    ):
+        for room_id, new_extrem in iteritems(new_forward_extremities):
+            self._simple_delete_txn(
+                txn, table="event_forward_extremities", keyvalues={"room_id": room_id}
+            )
+            txn.call_after(self.get_latest_event_ids_in_room.invalidate, (room_id,))
+
+        self._simple_insert_many_txn(
+            txn,
+            table="event_forward_extremities",
+            values=[
+                {"event_id": ev_id, "room_id": room_id}
+                for room_id, new_extrem in iteritems(new_forward_extremities)
+                for ev_id in new_extrem
+            ],
+        )
+        # We now insert into stream_ordering_to_exterm a mapping from room_id,
+        # new stream_ordering to new forward extremeties in the room.
+        # This allows us to later efficiently look up the forward extremeties
+        # for a room before a given stream_ordering
+        self._simple_insert_many_txn(
+            txn,
+            table="stream_ordering_to_exterm",
+            values=[
+                {
+                    "room_id": room_id,
+                    "event_id": event_id,
+                    "stream_ordering": max_stream_order,
+                }
+                for room_id, new_extrem in iteritems(new_forward_extremities)
+                for event_id in new_extrem
+            ],
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _filter_events_and_contexts_for_duplicates(cls, events_and_contexts):
+        """Ensure that we don't have the same event twice.
+
+        Pick the earliest non-outlier if there is one, else the earliest one.
+
+        Args:
+            events_and_contexts (list[(EventBase, EventContext)]):
+        Returns:
+            list[(EventBase, EventContext)]: filtered list
+        """
+        new_events_and_contexts = OrderedDict()
+        for event, context in events_and_contexts:
+            prev_event_context = new_events_and_contexts.get(event.event_id)
+            if prev_event_context:
+                if not event.internal_metadata.is_outlier():
+                    if prev_event_context[0].internal_metadata.is_outlier():
+                        # To ensure correct ordering we pop, as OrderedDict is
+                        # ordered by first insertion.
+                        new_events_and_contexts.pop(event.event_id, None)
+                        new_events_and_contexts[event.event_id] = (event, context)
+            else:
+                new_events_and_contexts[event.event_id] = (event, context)
+        return list(new_events_and_contexts.values())
+
+    def _update_room_depths_txn(self, txn, events_and_contexts, backfilled):
+        """Update min_depth for each room
+
+        Args:
+            txn (twisted.enterprise.adbapi.Connection): db connection
+            events_and_contexts (list[(EventBase, EventContext)]): events
+                we are persisting
+            backfilled (bool): True if the events were backfilled
+        """
+        depth_updates = {}
+        for event, context in events_and_contexts:
+            # Remove the any existing cache entries for the event_ids
+            txn.call_after(self._invalidate_get_event_cache, event.event_id)
+            if not backfilled:
+                txn.call_after(
+                    self._events_stream_cache.entity_has_changed,
+                    event.room_id,
+                    event.internal_metadata.stream_ordering,
+                )
+
+            if not event.internal_metadata.is_outlier() and not context.rejected:
+                depth_updates[event.room_id] = max(
+                    event.depth, depth_updates.get(event.room_id, event.depth)
+                )
+
+        for room_id, depth in iteritems(depth_updates):
+            self._update_min_depth_for_room_txn(txn, room_id, depth)
+
+    def _update_outliers_txn(self, txn, events_and_contexts):
+        """Update any outliers with new event info.
+
+        This turns outliers into ex-outliers (unless the new event was
+        rejected).
+
+        Args:
+            txn (twisted.enterprise.adbapi.Connection): db connection
+            events_and_contexts (list[(EventBase, EventContext)]): events
+                we are persisting
+
+        Returns:
+            list[(EventBase, EventContext)] new list, without events which
+            are already in the events table.
+        """
+        txn.execute(
+            "SELECT event_id, outlier FROM events WHERE event_id in (%s)"
+            % (",".join(["?"] * len(events_and_contexts)),),
+            [event.event_id for event, _ in events_and_contexts],
+        )
+
+        have_persisted = {event_id: outlier for event_id, outlier in txn}
+
+        to_remove = set()
+        for event, context in events_and_contexts:
+            if event.event_id not in have_persisted:
+                continue
+
+            to_remove.add(event)
+
+            if context.rejected:
+                # If the event is rejected then we don't care if the event
+                # was an outlier or not.
+                continue
+
+            outlier_persisted = have_persisted[event.event_id]
+            if not event.internal_metadata.is_outlier() and outlier_persisted:
+                # We received a copy of an event that we had already stored as
+                # an outlier in the database. We now have some state at that
+                # so we need to update the state_groups table with that state.
+
+                # insert into event_to_state_groups.
+                try:
+                    self._store_event_state_mappings_txn(txn, ((event, context),))
+                except Exception:
+                    logger.exception("")
+                    raise
+
+                metadata_json = encode_json(event.internal_metadata.get_dict())
+
+                sql = (
+                    "UPDATE event_json SET internal_metadata = ?" " WHERE event_id = ?"
+                )
+                txn.execute(sql, (metadata_json, event.event_id))
+
+                # Add an entry to the ex_outlier_stream table to replicate the
+                # change in outlier status to our workers.
+                stream_order = event.internal_metadata.stream_ordering
+                state_group_id = context.state_group
+                self._simple_insert_txn(
+                    txn,
+                    table="ex_outlier_stream",
+                    values={
+                        "event_stream_ordering": stream_order,
+                        "event_id": event.event_id,
+                        "state_group": state_group_id,
+                    },
+                )
+
+                sql = "UPDATE events SET outlier = ?" " WHERE event_id = ?"
+                txn.execute(sql, (False, event.event_id))
+
+                # Update the event_backward_extremities table now that this
+                # event isn't an outlier any more.
+                self._update_backward_extremeties(txn, [event])
+
+        return [ec for ec in events_and_contexts if ec[0] not in to_remove]
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _delete_existing_rows_txn(cls, txn, events_and_contexts):
+        if not events_and_contexts:
+            # nothing to do here
+            return
+
+        logger.info("Deleting existing")
+
+        for table in (
+            "events",
+            "event_auth",
+            "event_json",
+            "event_edges",
+            "event_forward_extremities",
+            "event_reference_hashes",
+            "event_search",
+            "event_to_state_groups",
+            "local_invites",
+            "state_events",
+            "rejections",
+            "redactions",
+            "room_memberships",
+        ):
+            txn.executemany(
+                "DELETE FROM %s WHERE event_id = ?" % (table,),
+                [(ev.event_id,) for ev, _ in events_and_contexts],
+            )
+
+        for table in ("event_push_actions",):
+            txn.executemany(
+                "DELETE FROM %s WHERE room_id = ? AND event_id = ?" % (table,),
+                [(ev.room_id, ev.event_id) for ev, _ in events_and_contexts],
+            )
+
+    def _store_event_txn(self, txn, events_and_contexts):
+        """Insert new events into the event and event_json tables
+
+        Args:
+            txn (twisted.enterprise.adbapi.Connection): db connection
+            events_and_contexts (list[(EventBase, EventContext)]): events
+                we are persisting
+        """
+
+        if not events_and_contexts:
+            # nothing to do here
+            return
+
+        def event_dict(event):
+            d = event.get_dict()
+            d.pop("redacted", None)
+            d.pop("redacted_because", None)
+            return d
+
+        self._simple_insert_many_txn(
+            txn,
+            table="event_json",
+            values=[
+                {
+                    "event_id": event.event_id,
+                    "room_id": event.room_id,
+                    "internal_metadata": encode_json(
+                        event.internal_metadata.get_dict()
+                    ),
+                    "json": encode_json(event_dict(event)),
+                    "format_version": event.format_version,
+                }
+                for event, _ in events_and_contexts
+            ],
+        )
+
+        self._simple_insert_many_txn(
+            txn,
+            table="events",
+            values=[
+                {
+                    "stream_ordering": event.internal_metadata.stream_ordering,
+                    "topological_ordering": event.depth,
+                    "depth": event.depth,
+                    "event_id": event.event_id,
+                    "room_id": event.room_id,
+                    "type": event.type,
+                    "processed": True,
+                    "outlier": event.internal_metadata.is_outlier(),
+                    "origin_server_ts": int(event.origin_server_ts),
+                    "received_ts": self._clock.time_msec(),
+                    "sender": event.sender,
+                    "contains_url": (
+                        "url" in event.content
+                        and isinstance(event.content["url"], text_type)
+                    ),
+                }
+                for event, _ in events_and_contexts
+            ],
+        )
+
+        for event, _ in events_and_contexts:
+            if not event.internal_metadata.is_redacted():
+                # If we're persisting an unredacted event we go and ensure
+                # that we mark any redactions that reference this event as
+                # requiring censoring.
+                self._simple_update_txn(
+                    txn,
+                    table="redactions",
+                    keyvalues={"redacts": event.event_id},
+                    updatevalues={"have_censored": False},
+                )
+
+    def _store_rejected_events_txn(self, txn, events_and_contexts):
+        """Add rows to the 'rejections' table for received events which were
+        rejected
+
+        Args:
+            txn (twisted.enterprise.adbapi.Connection): db connection
+            events_and_contexts (list[(EventBase, EventContext)]): events
+                we are persisting
+
+        Returns:
+            list[(EventBase, EventContext)] new list, without the rejected
+                events.
+        """
+        # Remove the rejected events from the list now that we've added them
+        # to the events table and the events_json table.
+        to_remove = set()
+        for event, context in events_and_contexts:
+            if context.rejected:
+                # Insert the event_id into the rejections table
+                self._store_rejections_txn(txn, event.event_id, context.rejected)
+                to_remove.add(event)
+
+        return [ec for ec in events_and_contexts if ec[0] not in to_remove]
+
+    def _update_metadata_tables_txn(
+        self, txn, events_and_contexts, all_events_and_contexts, backfilled
+    ):
+        """Update all the miscellaneous tables for new events
+
+        Args:
+            txn (twisted.enterprise.adbapi.Connection): db connection
+            events_and_contexts (list[(EventBase, EventContext)]): events
+                we are persisting
+            all_events_and_contexts (list[(EventBase, EventContext)]): all
+                events that we were going to persist. This includes events
+                we've already persisted, etc, that wouldn't appear in
+                events_and_context.
+            backfilled (bool): True if the events were backfilled
+        """
+
+        # Insert all the push actions into the event_push_actions table.
+        self._set_push_actions_for_event_and_users_txn(
+            txn,
+            events_and_contexts=events_and_contexts,
+            all_events_and_contexts=all_events_and_contexts,
+        )
+
+        if not events_and_contexts:
+            # nothing to do here
+            return
+
+        for event, context in events_and_contexts:
+            if event.type == EventTypes.Redaction and event.redacts is not None:
+                # Remove the entries in the event_push_actions table for the
+                # redacted event.
+                self._remove_push_actions_for_event_id_txn(
+                    txn, event.room_id, event.redacts
+                )
+
+                # Remove from relations table.
+                self._handle_redaction(txn, event.redacts)
+
+        # Update the event_forward_extremities, event_backward_extremities and
+        # event_edges tables.
+        self._handle_mult_prev_events(
+            txn, events=[event for event, _ in events_and_contexts]
+        )
+
+        for event, _ in events_and_contexts:
+            if event.type == EventTypes.Name:
+                # Insert into the event_search table.
+                self._store_room_name_txn(txn, event)
+            elif event.type == EventTypes.Topic:
+                # Insert into the event_search table.
+                self._store_room_topic_txn(txn, event)
+            elif event.type == EventTypes.Message:
+                # Insert into the event_search table.
+                self._store_room_message_txn(txn, event)
+            elif event.type == EventTypes.Redaction:
+                # Insert into the redactions table.
+                self._store_redaction(txn, event)
+
+            self._handle_event_relations(txn, event)
+
+        # Insert into the room_memberships table.
+        self._store_room_members_txn(
+            txn,
+            [
+                event
+                for event, _ in events_and_contexts
+                if event.type == EventTypes.Member
+            ],
+            backfilled=backfilled,
+        )
+
+        # Insert event_reference_hashes table.
+        self._store_event_reference_hashes_txn(
+            txn, [event for event, _ in events_and_contexts]
+        )
+
+        state_events_and_contexts = [
+            ec for ec in events_and_contexts if ec[0].is_state()
+        ]
+
+        state_values = []
+        for event, context in state_events_and_contexts:
+            vals = {
+                "event_id": event.event_id,
+                "room_id": event.room_id,
+                "type": event.type,
+                "state_key": event.state_key,
+            }
+
+            # TODO: How does this work with backfilling?
+            if hasattr(event, "replaces_state"):
+                vals["prev_state"] = event.replaces_state
+
+            state_values.append(vals)
+
+        self._simple_insert_many_txn(txn, table="state_events", values=state_values)
+
+        # Prefill the event cache
+        self._add_to_cache(txn, events_and_contexts)
+
+    def _add_to_cache(self, txn, events_and_contexts):
+        to_prefill = []
+
+        rows = []
+        N = 200
+        for i in range(0, len(events_and_contexts), N):
+            ev_map = {e[0].event_id: e[0] for e in events_and_contexts[i : i + N]}
+            if not ev_map:
+                break
+
+            sql = (
+                "SELECT "
+                " e.event_id as event_id, "
+                " r.redacts as redacts,"
+                " rej.event_id as rejects "
+                " FROM events as e"
+                " LEFT JOIN rejections as rej USING (event_id)"
+                " LEFT JOIN redactions as r ON e.event_id = r.redacts"
+                " WHERE "
+            )
+
+            clause, args = make_in_list_sql_clause(
+                self.database_engine, "e.event_id", list(ev_map)
+            )
+
+            txn.execute(sql + clause, args)
+            rows = self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
+            for row in rows:
+                event = ev_map[row["event_id"]]
+                if not row["rejects"] and not row["redacts"]:
+                    to_prefill.append(
+                        _EventCacheEntry(event=event, redacted_event=None)
+                    )
+
+        def prefill():
+            for cache_entry in to_prefill:
+                self._get_event_cache.prefill((cache_entry[0].event_id,), cache_entry)
+
+        txn.call_after(prefill)
+
+    def _store_redaction(self, txn, event):
+        # invalidate the cache for the redacted event
+        txn.call_after(self._invalidate_get_event_cache, event.redacts)
+
+        self._simple_insert_txn(
+            txn,
+            table="redactions",
+            values={
+                "event_id": event.event_id,
+                "redacts": event.redacts,
+                "received_ts": self._clock.time_msec(),
+            },
+        )
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def _censor_redactions(self):
+        """Censors all redactions older than the configured period that haven't
+        been censored yet.
+
+        By censor we mean update the event_json table with the redacted event.
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred
+        """
+
+        if self.hs.config.redaction_retention_period is None:
+            return
+
+        before_ts = self._clock.time_msec() - self.hs.config.redaction_retention_period
+
+        # We fetch all redactions that:
+        #   1. point to an event we have,
+        #   2. has a received_ts from before the cut off, and
+        #   3. we haven't yet censored.
+        #
+        # This is limited to 100 events to ensure that we don't try and do too
+        # much at once. We'll get called again so this should eventually catch
+        # up.
+        sql = """
+            SELECT redactions.event_id, redacts FROM redactions
+            LEFT JOIN events AS original_event ON (
+                redacts = original_event.event_id
+            )
+            WHERE NOT have_censored
+            AND redactions.received_ts <= ?
+            ORDER BY redactions.received_ts ASC
+            LIMIT ?
+        """
+
+        rows = yield self._execute(
+            "_censor_redactions_fetch", None, sql, before_ts, 100
+        )
+
+        updates = []
+
+        for redaction_id, event_id in rows:
+            redaction_event = yield self.get_event(redaction_id, allow_none=True)
+            original_event = yield self.get_event(
+                event_id, allow_rejected=True, allow_none=True
+            )
+
+            # The SQL above ensures that we have both the redaction and
+            # original event, so if the `get_event` calls return None it
+            # means that the redaction wasn't allowed. Either way we know that
+            # the result won't change so we mark the fact that we've checked.
+            if (
+                redaction_event
+                and original_event
+                and original_event.internal_metadata.is_redacted()
+            ):
+                # Redaction was allowed
+                pruned_json = encode_json(prune_event_dict(original_event.get_dict()))
+            else:
+                # Redaction wasn't allowed
+                pruned_json = None
+
+            updates.append((redaction_id, event_id, pruned_json))
+
+        def _update_censor_txn(txn):
+            for redaction_id, event_id, pruned_json in updates:
+                if pruned_json:
+                    self._simple_update_one_txn(
+                        txn,
+                        table="event_json",
+                        keyvalues={"event_id": event_id},
+                        updatevalues={"json": pruned_json},
+                    )
+
+                self._simple_update_one_txn(
+                    txn,
+                    table="redactions",
+                    keyvalues={"event_id": redaction_id},
+                    updatevalues={"have_censored": True},
+                )
+
+        yield self.runInteraction("_update_censor_txn", _update_censor_txn)
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def count_daily_messages(self):
+        """
+        Returns an estimate of the number of messages sent in the last day.
+
+        If it has been significantly less or more than one day since the last
+        call to this function, it will return None.
+        """
+
+        def _count_messages(txn):
+            sql = """
+                SELECT COALESCE(COUNT(*), 0) FROM events
+                WHERE type = 'm.room.message'
+                AND stream_ordering > ?
+            """
+            txn.execute(sql, (self.stream_ordering_day_ago,))
+            count, = txn.fetchone()
+            return count
+
+        ret = yield self.runInteraction("count_messages", _count_messages)
+        return ret
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def count_daily_sent_messages(self):
+        def _count_messages(txn):
+            # This is good enough as if you have silly characters in your own
+            # hostname then thats your own fault.
+            like_clause = "%:" + self.hs.hostname
+
+            sql = """
+                SELECT COALESCE(COUNT(*), 0) FROM events
+                WHERE type = 'm.room.message'
+                    AND sender LIKE ?
+                AND stream_ordering > ?
+            """
+
+            txn.execute(sql, (like_clause, self.stream_ordering_day_ago))
+            count, = txn.fetchone()
+            return count
+
+        ret = yield self.runInteraction("count_daily_sent_messages", _count_messages)
+        return ret
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def count_daily_active_rooms(self):
+        def _count(txn):
+            sql = """
+                SELECT COALESCE(COUNT(DISTINCT room_id), 0) FROM events
+                WHERE type = 'm.room.message'
+                AND stream_ordering > ?
+            """
+            txn.execute(sql, (self.stream_ordering_day_ago,))
+            count, = txn.fetchone()
+            return count
+
+        ret = yield self.runInteraction("count_daily_active_rooms", _count)
+        return ret
+
+    def get_current_backfill_token(self):
+        """The current minimum token that backfilled events have reached"""
+        return -self._backfill_id_gen.get_current_token()
+
+    def get_current_events_token(self):
+        """The current maximum token that events have reached"""
+        return self._stream_id_gen.get_current_token()
+
+    def get_all_new_forward_event_rows(self, last_id, current_id, limit):
+        if last_id == current_id:
+            return defer.succeed([])
+
+        def get_all_new_forward_event_rows(txn):
+            sql = (
+                "SELECT e.stream_ordering, e.event_id, e.room_id, e.type,"
+                " state_key, redacts, relates_to_id"
+                " FROM events AS e"
+                " LEFT JOIN redactions USING (event_id)"
+                " LEFT JOIN state_events USING (event_id)"
+                " LEFT JOIN event_relations USING (event_id)"
+                " WHERE ? < stream_ordering AND stream_ordering <= ?"
+                " ORDER BY stream_ordering ASC"
+                " LIMIT ?"
+            )
+            txn.execute(sql, (last_id, current_id, limit))
+            new_event_updates = txn.fetchall()
+
+            if len(new_event_updates) == limit:
+                upper_bound = new_event_updates[-1][0]
+            else:
+                upper_bound = current_id
+
+            sql = (
+                "SELECT event_stream_ordering, e.event_id, e.room_id, e.type,"
+                " state_key, redacts, relates_to_id"
+                " FROM events AS e"
+                " INNER JOIN ex_outlier_stream USING (event_id)"
+                " LEFT JOIN redactions USING (event_id)"
+                " LEFT JOIN state_events USING (event_id)"
+                " LEFT JOIN event_relations USING (event_id)"
+                " WHERE ? < event_stream_ordering"
+                " AND event_stream_ordering <= ?"
+                " ORDER BY event_stream_ordering DESC"
+            )
+            txn.execute(sql, (last_id, upper_bound))
+            new_event_updates.extend(txn)
+
+            return new_event_updates
+
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "get_all_new_forward_event_rows", get_all_new_forward_event_rows
+        )
+
+    def get_all_new_backfill_event_rows(self, last_id, current_id, limit):
+        if last_id == current_id:
+            return defer.succeed([])
+
+        def get_all_new_backfill_event_rows(txn):
+            sql = (
+                "SELECT -e.stream_ordering, e.event_id, e.room_id, e.type,"
+                " state_key, redacts, relates_to_id"
+                " FROM events AS e"
+                " LEFT JOIN redactions USING (event_id)"
+                " LEFT JOIN state_events USING (event_id)"
+                " LEFT JOIN event_relations USING (event_id)"
+                " WHERE ? > stream_ordering AND stream_ordering >= ?"
+                " ORDER BY stream_ordering ASC"
+                " LIMIT ?"
+            )
+            txn.execute(sql, (-last_id, -current_id, limit))
+            new_event_updates = txn.fetchall()
+
+            if len(new_event_updates) == limit:
+                upper_bound = new_event_updates[-1][0]
+            else:
+                upper_bound = current_id
+
+            sql = (
+                "SELECT -event_stream_ordering, e.event_id, e.room_id, e.type,"
+                " state_key, redacts, relates_to_id"
+                " FROM events AS e"
+                " INNER JOIN ex_outlier_stream USING (event_id)"
+                " LEFT JOIN redactions USING (event_id)"
+                " LEFT JOIN state_events USING (event_id)"
+                " LEFT JOIN event_relations USING (event_id)"
+                " WHERE ? > event_stream_ordering"
+                " AND event_stream_ordering >= ?"
+                " ORDER BY event_stream_ordering DESC"
+            )
+            txn.execute(sql, (-last_id, -upper_bound))
+            new_event_updates.extend(txn.fetchall())
+
+            return new_event_updates
+
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "get_all_new_backfill_event_rows", get_all_new_backfill_event_rows
+        )
+
+    @cached(num_args=5, max_entries=10)
+    def get_all_new_events(
+        self,
+        last_backfill_id,
+        last_forward_id,
+        current_backfill_id,
+        current_forward_id,
+        limit,
+    ):
+        """Get all the new events that have arrived at the server either as
+        new events or as backfilled events"""
+        have_backfill_events = last_backfill_id != current_backfill_id
+        have_forward_events = last_forward_id != current_forward_id
+
+        if not have_backfill_events and not have_forward_events:
+            return defer.succeed(AllNewEventsResult([], [], [], [], []))
+
+        def get_all_new_events_txn(txn):
+            sql = (
+                "SELECT e.stream_ordering, e.event_id, e.room_id, e.type,"
+                " state_key, redacts"
+                " FROM events AS e"
+                " LEFT JOIN redactions USING (event_id)"
+                " LEFT JOIN state_events USING (event_id)"
+                " WHERE ? < stream_ordering AND stream_ordering <= ?"
+                " ORDER BY stream_ordering ASC"
+                " LIMIT ?"
+            )
+            if have_forward_events:
+                txn.execute(sql, (last_forward_id, current_forward_id, limit))
+                new_forward_events = txn.fetchall()
+
+                if len(new_forward_events) == limit:
+                    upper_bound = new_forward_events[-1][0]
+                else:
+                    upper_bound = current_forward_id
+
+                sql = (
+                    "SELECT event_stream_ordering, event_id, state_group"
+                    " FROM ex_outlier_stream"
+                    " WHERE ? > event_stream_ordering"
+                    " AND event_stream_ordering >= ?"
+                    " ORDER BY event_stream_ordering DESC"
+                )
+                txn.execute(sql, (last_forward_id, upper_bound))
+                forward_ex_outliers = txn.fetchall()
+            else:
+                new_forward_events = []
+                forward_ex_outliers = []
+
+            sql = (
+                "SELECT -e.stream_ordering, e.event_id, e.room_id, e.type,"
+                " state_key, redacts"
+                " FROM events AS e"
+                " LEFT JOIN redactions USING (event_id)"
+                " LEFT JOIN state_events USING (event_id)"
+                " WHERE ? > stream_ordering AND stream_ordering >= ?"
+                " ORDER BY stream_ordering DESC"
+                " LIMIT ?"
+            )
+            if have_backfill_events:
+                txn.execute(sql, (-last_backfill_id, -current_backfill_id, limit))
+                new_backfill_events = txn.fetchall()
+
+                if len(new_backfill_events) == limit:
+                    upper_bound = new_backfill_events[-1][0]
+                else:
+                    upper_bound = current_backfill_id
+
+                sql = (
+                    "SELECT -event_stream_ordering, event_id, state_group"
+                    " FROM ex_outlier_stream"
+                    " WHERE ? > event_stream_ordering"
+                    " AND event_stream_ordering >= ?"
+                    " ORDER BY event_stream_ordering DESC"
+                )
+                txn.execute(sql, (-last_backfill_id, -upper_bound))
+                backward_ex_outliers = txn.fetchall()
+            else:
+                new_backfill_events = []
+                backward_ex_outliers = []
+
+            return AllNewEventsResult(
+                new_forward_events,
+                new_backfill_events,
+                forward_ex_outliers,
+                backward_ex_outliers,
+            )
+
+        return self.runInteraction("get_all_new_events", get_all_new_events_txn)
+
+    def purge_history(self, room_id, token, delete_local_events):
+        """Deletes room history before a certain point
+
+        Args:
+            room_id (str):
+
+            token (str): A topological token to delete events before
+
+            delete_local_events (bool):
+                if True, we will delete local events as well as remote ones
+                (instead of just marking them as outliers and deleting their
+                state groups).
+        """
+
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "purge_history",
+            self._purge_history_txn,
+            room_id,
+            token,
+            delete_local_events,
+        )
+
+    def _purge_history_txn(self, txn, room_id, token_str, delete_local_events):
+        token = RoomStreamToken.parse(token_str)
+
+        # Tables that should be pruned:
+        #     event_auth
+        #     event_backward_extremities
+        #     event_edges
+        #     event_forward_extremities
+        #     event_json
+        #     event_push_actions
+        #     event_reference_hashes
+        #     event_search
+        #     event_to_state_groups
+        #     events
+        #     rejections
+        #     room_depth
+        #     state_groups
+        #     state_groups_state
+
+        # we will build a temporary table listing the events so that we don't
+        # have to keep shovelling the list back and forth across the
+        # connection. Annoyingly the python sqlite driver commits the
+        # transaction on CREATE, so let's do this first.
+        #
+        # furthermore, we might already have the table from a previous (failed)
+        # purge attempt, so let's drop the table first.
+
+        txn.execute("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS events_to_purge")
+
+        txn.execute(
+            "CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE events_to_purge ("
+            "    event_id TEXT NOT NULL,"
+            "    should_delete BOOLEAN NOT NULL"
+            ")"
+        )
+
+        # First ensure that we're not about to delete all the forward extremeties
+        txn.execute(
+            "SELECT e.event_id, e.depth FROM events as e "
+            "INNER JOIN event_forward_extremities as f "
+            "ON e.event_id = f.event_id "
+            "AND e.room_id = f.room_id "
+            "WHERE f.room_id = ?",
+            (room_id,),
+        )
+        rows = txn.fetchall()
+        max_depth = max(row[1] for row in rows)
+
+        if max_depth < token.topological:
+            # We need to ensure we don't delete all the events from the database
+            # otherwise we wouldn't be able to send any events (due to not
+            # having any backwards extremeties)
+            raise SynapseError(
+                400, "topological_ordering is greater than forward extremeties"
+            )
+
+        logger.info("[purge] looking for events to delete")
+
+        should_delete_expr = "state_key IS NULL"
+        should_delete_params = ()
+        if not delete_local_events:
+            should_delete_expr += " AND event_id NOT LIKE ?"
+
+            # We include the parameter twice since we use the expression twice
+            should_delete_params += ("%:" + self.hs.hostname, "%:" + self.hs.hostname)
+
+        should_delete_params += (room_id, token.topological)
+
+        # Note that we insert events that are outliers and aren't going to be
+        # deleted, as nothing will happen to them.
+        txn.execute(
+            "INSERT INTO events_to_purge"
+            " SELECT event_id, %s"
+            " FROM events AS e LEFT JOIN state_events USING (event_id)"
+            " WHERE (NOT outlier OR (%s)) AND e.room_id = ? AND topological_ordering < ?"
+            % (should_delete_expr, should_delete_expr),
+            should_delete_params,
+        )
+
+        # We create the indices *after* insertion as that's a lot faster.
+
+        # create an index on should_delete because later we'll be looking for
+        # the should_delete / shouldn't_delete subsets
+        txn.execute(
+            "CREATE INDEX events_to_purge_should_delete"
+            " ON events_to_purge(should_delete)"
+        )
+
+        # We do joins against events_to_purge for e.g. calculating state
+        # groups to purge, etc., so lets make an index.
+        txn.execute("CREATE INDEX events_to_purge_id" " ON events_to_purge(event_id)")
+
+        txn.execute("SELECT event_id, should_delete FROM events_to_purge")
+        event_rows = txn.fetchall()
+        logger.info(
+            "[purge] found %i events before cutoff, of which %i can be deleted",
+            len(event_rows),
+            sum(1 for e in event_rows if e[1]),
+        )
+
+        logger.info("[purge] Finding new backward extremities")
+
+        # We calculate the new entries for the backward extremeties by finding
+        # events to be purged that are pointed to by events we're not going to
+        # purge.
+        txn.execute(
+            "SELECT DISTINCT e.event_id FROM events_to_purge AS e"
+            " INNER JOIN event_edges AS ed ON e.event_id = ed.prev_event_id"
+            " LEFT JOIN events_to_purge AS ep2 ON ed.event_id = ep2.event_id"
+            " WHERE ep2.event_id IS NULL"
+        )
+        new_backwards_extrems = txn.fetchall()
+
+        logger.info("[purge] replacing backward extremities: %r", new_backwards_extrems)
+
+        txn.execute(
+            "DELETE FROM event_backward_extremities WHERE room_id = ?", (room_id,)
+        )
+
+        # Update backward extremeties
+        txn.executemany(
+            "INSERT INTO event_backward_extremities (room_id, event_id)"
+            " VALUES (?, ?)",
+            [(room_id, event_id) for event_id, in new_backwards_extrems],
+        )
+
+        logger.info("[purge] finding redundant state groups")
+
+        # Get all state groups that are referenced by events that are to be
+        # deleted. We then go and check if they are referenced by other events
+        # or state groups, and if not we delete them.
+        txn.execute(
+            """
+            SELECT DISTINCT state_group FROM events_to_purge
+            INNER JOIN event_to_state_groups USING (event_id)
+        """
+        )
+
+        referenced_state_groups = set(sg for sg, in txn)
+        logger.info(
+            "[purge] found %i referenced state groups", len(referenced_state_groups)
+        )
+
+        logger.info("[purge] finding state groups that can be deleted")
+
+        _ = self._find_unreferenced_groups_during_purge(txn, referenced_state_groups)
+        state_groups_to_delete, remaining_state_groups = _
+
+        logger.info(
+            "[purge] found %i state groups to delete", len(state_groups_to_delete)
+        )
+
+        logger.info(
+            "[purge] de-delta-ing %i remaining state groups",
+            len(remaining_state_groups),
+        )
+
+        # Now we turn the state groups that reference to-be-deleted state
+        # groups to non delta versions.
+        for sg in remaining_state_groups:
+            logger.info("[purge] de-delta-ing remaining state group %s", sg)
+            curr_state = self._get_state_groups_from_groups_txn(txn, [sg])
+            curr_state = curr_state[sg]
+
+            self._simple_delete_txn(
+                txn, table="state_groups_state", keyvalues={"state_group": sg}
+            )
+
+            self._simple_delete_txn(
+                txn, table="state_group_edges", keyvalues={"state_group": sg}
+            )
+
+            self._simple_insert_many_txn(
+                txn,
+                table="state_groups_state",
+                values=[
+                    {
+                        "state_group": sg,
+                        "room_id": room_id,
+                        "type": key[0],
+                        "state_key": key[1],
+                        "event_id": state_id,
+                    }
+                    for key, state_id in iteritems(curr_state)
+                ],
+            )
+
+        logger.info("[purge] removing redundant state groups")
+        txn.executemany(
+            "DELETE FROM state_groups_state WHERE state_group = ?",
+            ((sg,) for sg in state_groups_to_delete),
+        )
+        txn.executemany(
+            "DELETE FROM state_groups WHERE id = ?",
+            ((sg,) for sg in state_groups_to_delete),
+        )
+
+        logger.info("[purge] removing events from event_to_state_groups")
+        txn.execute(
+            "DELETE FROM event_to_state_groups "
+            "WHERE event_id IN (SELECT event_id from events_to_purge)"
+        )
+        for event_id, _ in event_rows:
+            txn.call_after(self._get_state_group_for_event.invalidate, (event_id,))
+
+        # Delete all remote non-state events
+        for table in (
+            "events",
+            "event_json",
+            "event_auth",
+            "event_edges",
+            "event_forward_extremities",
+            "event_reference_hashes",
+            "event_search",
+            "rejections",
+        ):
+            logger.info("[purge] removing events from %s", table)
+
+            txn.execute(
+                "DELETE FROM %s WHERE event_id IN ("
+                "    SELECT event_id FROM events_to_purge WHERE should_delete"
+                ")" % (table,)
+            )
+
+        # event_push_actions lacks an index on event_id, and has one on
+        # (room_id, event_id) instead.
+        for table in ("event_push_actions",):
+            logger.info("[purge] removing events from %s", table)
+
+            txn.execute(
+                "DELETE FROM %s WHERE room_id = ? AND event_id IN ("
+                "    SELECT event_id FROM events_to_purge WHERE should_delete"
+                ")" % (table,),
+                (room_id,),
+            )
+
+        # Mark all state and own events as outliers
+        logger.info("[purge] marking remaining events as outliers")
+        txn.execute(
+            "UPDATE events SET outlier = ?"
+            " WHERE event_id IN ("
+            "    SELECT event_id FROM events_to_purge "
+            "    WHERE NOT should_delete"
+            ")",
+            (True,),
+        )
+
+        # synapse tries to take out an exclusive lock on room_depth whenever it
+        # persists events (because upsert), and once we run this update, we
+        # will block that for the rest of our transaction.
+        #
+        # So, let's stick it at the end so that we don't block event
+        # persistence.
+        #
+        # We do this by calculating the minimum depth of the backwards
+        # extremities. However, the events in event_backward_extremities
+        # are ones we don't have yet so we need to look at the events that
+        # point to it via event_edges table.
+        txn.execute(
+            """
+            SELECT COALESCE(MIN(depth), 0)
+            FROM event_backward_extremities AS eb
+            INNER JOIN event_edges AS eg ON eg.prev_event_id = eb.event_id
+            INNER JOIN events AS e ON e.event_id = eg.event_id
+            WHERE eb.room_id = ?
+        """,
+            (room_id,),
+        )
+        min_depth, = txn.fetchone()
+
+        logger.info("[purge] updating room_depth to %d", min_depth)
+
+        txn.execute(
+            "UPDATE room_depth SET min_depth = ? WHERE room_id = ?",
+            (min_depth, room_id),
+        )
+
+        # finally, drop the temp table. this will commit the txn in sqlite,
+        # so make sure to keep this actually last.
+        txn.execute("DROP TABLE events_to_purge")
+
+        logger.info("[purge] done")
+
+    def _find_unreferenced_groups_during_purge(self, txn, state_groups):
+        """Used when purging history to figure out which state groups can be
+        deleted and which need to be de-delta'ed (due to one of its prev groups
+        being scheduled for deletion).
+
+        Args:
+            txn
+            state_groups (set[int]): Set of state groups referenced by events
+                that are going to be deleted.
+
+        Returns:
+            tuple[set[int], set[int]]: The set of state groups that can be
+            deleted and the set of state groups that need to be de-delta'ed
+        """
+        # Graph of state group -> previous group
+        graph = {}
+
+        # Set of events that we have found to be referenced by events
+        referenced_groups = set()
+
+        # Set of state groups we've already seen
+        state_groups_seen = set(state_groups)
+
+        # Set of state groups to handle next.
+        next_to_search = set(state_groups)
+        while next_to_search:
+            # We bound size of groups we're looking up at once, to stop the
+            # SQL query getting too big
+            if len(next_to_search) < 100:
+                current_search = next_to_search
+                next_to_search = set()
+            else:
+                current_search = set(itertools.islice(next_to_search, 100))
+                next_to_search -= current_search
+
+            # Check if state groups are referenced
+            sql = """
+                SELECT DISTINCT state_group FROM event_to_state_groups
+                LEFT JOIN events_to_purge AS ep USING (event_id)
+                WHERE ep.event_id IS NULL AND
+            """
+            clause, args = make_in_list_sql_clause(
+                txn.database_engine, "state_group", current_search
+            )
+            txn.execute(sql + clause, list(args))
+
+            referenced = set(sg for sg, in txn)
+            referenced_groups |= referenced
+
+            # We don't continue iterating up the state group graphs for state
+            # groups that are referenced.
+            current_search -= referenced
+
+            rows = self._simple_select_many_txn(
+                txn,
+                table="state_group_edges",
+                column="prev_state_group",
+                iterable=current_search,
+                keyvalues={},
+                retcols=("prev_state_group", "state_group"),
+            )
+
+            prevs = set(row["state_group"] for row in rows)
+            # We don't bother re-handling groups we've already seen
+            prevs -= state_groups_seen
+            next_to_search |= prevs
+            state_groups_seen |= prevs
+
+            for row in rows:
+                # Note: Each state group can have at most one prev group
+                graph[row["state_group"]] = row["prev_state_group"]
+
+        to_delete = state_groups_seen - referenced_groups
+
+        to_dedelta = set()
+        for sg in referenced_groups:
+            prev_sg = graph.get(sg)
+            if prev_sg and prev_sg in to_delete:
+                to_dedelta.add(sg)
+
+        return to_delete, to_dedelta
+
+    def purge_room(self, room_id):
+        """Deletes all record of a room
+
+        Args:
+            room_id (str):
+        """
+
+        return self.runInteraction("purge_room", self._purge_room_txn, room_id)
+
+    def _purge_room_txn(self, txn, room_id):
+        # first we have to delete the state groups states
+        logger.info("[purge] removing %s from state_groups_state", room_id)
+
+        txn.execute(
+            """
+            DELETE FROM state_groups_state WHERE state_group IN (
+              SELECT state_group FROM events JOIN event_to_state_groups USING(event_id)
+              WHERE events.room_id=?
+            )
+            """,
+            (room_id,),
+        )
+
+        # ... and the state group edges
+        logger.info("[purge] removing %s from state_group_edges", room_id)
+
+        txn.execute(
+            """
+            DELETE FROM state_group_edges WHERE state_group IN (
+              SELECT state_group FROM events JOIN event_to_state_groups USING(event_id)
+              WHERE events.room_id=?
+            )
+            """,
+            (room_id,),
+        )
+
+        # ... and the state groups
+        logger.info("[purge] removing %s from state_groups", room_id)
+
+        txn.execute(
+            """
+            DELETE FROM state_groups WHERE id IN (
+              SELECT state_group FROM events JOIN event_to_state_groups USING(event_id)
+              WHERE events.room_id=?
+            )
+            """,
+            (room_id,),
+        )
+
+        # and then tables which lack an index on room_id but have one on event_id
+        for table in (
+            "event_auth",
+            "event_edges",
+            "event_push_actions_staging",
+            "event_reference_hashes",
+            "event_relations",
+            "event_to_state_groups",
+            "redactions",
+            "rejections",
+            "state_events",
+        ):
+            logger.info("[purge] removing %s from %s", room_id, table)
+
+            txn.execute(
+                """
+                DELETE FROM %s WHERE event_id IN (
+                  SELECT event_id FROM events WHERE room_id=?
+                )
+                """
+                % (table,),
+                (room_id,),
+            )
+
+        # and finally, the tables with an index on room_id (or no useful index)
+        for table in (
+            "current_state_events",
+            "event_backward_extremities",
+            "event_forward_extremities",
+            "event_json",
+            "event_push_actions",
+            "event_search",
+            "events",
+            "group_rooms",
+            "public_room_list_stream",
+            "receipts_graph",
+            "receipts_linearized",
+            "room_aliases",
+            "room_depth",
+            "room_memberships",
+            "room_stats_state",
+            "room_stats_current",
+            "room_stats_historical",
+            "room_stats_earliest_token",
+            "rooms",
+            "stream_ordering_to_exterm",
+            "topics",
+            "users_in_public_rooms",
+            "users_who_share_private_rooms",
+            # no useful index, but let's clear them anyway
+            "appservice_room_list",
+            "e2e_room_keys",
+            "event_push_summary",
+            "pusher_throttle",
+            "group_summary_rooms",
+            "local_invites",
+            "room_account_data",
+            "room_tags",
+        ):
+            logger.info("[purge] removing %s from %s", room_id, table)
+            txn.execute("DELETE FROM %s WHERE room_id=?" % (table,), (room_id,))
+
+        # Other tables we do NOT need to clear out:
+        #
+        #  - blocked_rooms
+        #    This is important, to make sure that we don't accidentally rejoin a blocked
+        #    room after it was purged
+        #
+        #  - user_directory
+        #    This has a room_id column, but it is unused
+        #
+
+        # Other tables that we might want to consider clearing out include:
+        #
+        #  - event_reports
+        #       Given that these are intended for abuse management my initial
+        #       inclination is to leave them in place.
+        #
+        #  - current_state_delta_stream
+        #  - ex_outlier_stream
+        #  - room_tags_revisions
+        #       The problem with these is that they are largeish and there is no room_id
+        #       index on them. In any case we should be clearing out 'stream' tables
+        #       periodically anyway (#5888)
+
+        # TODO: we could probably usefully do a bunch of cache invalidation here
+
+        logger.info("[purge] done")
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def is_event_after(self, event_id1, event_id2):
+        """Returns True if event_id1 is after event_id2 in the stream
+        """
+        to_1, so_1 = yield self._get_event_ordering(event_id1)
+        to_2, so_2 = yield self._get_event_ordering(event_id2)
+        return (to_1, so_1) > (to_2, so_2)
+
+    @cachedInlineCallbacks(max_entries=5000)
+    def _get_event_ordering(self, event_id):
+        res = yield self._simple_select_one(
+            table="events",
+            retcols=["topological_ordering", "stream_ordering"],
+            keyvalues={"event_id": event_id},
+            allow_none=True,
+        )
+
+        if not res:
+            raise SynapseError(404, "Could not find event %s" % (event_id,))
+
+        return (int(res["topological_ordering"]), int(res["stream_ordering"]))
+
+    def get_all_updated_current_state_deltas(self, from_token, to_token, limit):
+        def get_all_updated_current_state_deltas_txn(txn):
+            sql = """
+                SELECT stream_id, room_id, type, state_key, event_id
+                FROM current_state_delta_stream
+                WHERE ? < stream_id AND stream_id <= ?
+                ORDER BY stream_id ASC LIMIT ?
+            """
+            txn.execute(sql, (from_token, to_token, limit))
+            return txn.fetchall()
+
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "get_all_updated_current_state_deltas",
+            get_all_updated_current_state_deltas_txn,
+        )
+
+
+AllNewEventsResult = namedtuple(
+    "AllNewEventsResult",
+    [
+        "new_forward_events",
+        "new_backfill_events",
+        "forward_ex_outliers",
+        "backward_ex_outliers",
+    ],
+)
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/events_bg_updates.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/events_bg_updates.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..31ea6f917f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/events_bg_updates.py
@@ -0,0 +1,505 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import logging
+
+from six import text_type
+
+from canonicaljson import json
+
+from twisted.internet import defer
+
+from synapse.storage._base import make_in_list_sql_clause
+from synapse.storage.background_updates import BackgroundUpdateStore
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class EventsBackgroundUpdatesStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
+
+    EVENT_ORIGIN_SERVER_TS_NAME = "event_origin_server_ts"
+    EVENT_FIELDS_SENDER_URL_UPDATE_NAME = "event_fields_sender_url"
+    DELETE_SOFT_FAILED_EXTREMITIES = "delete_soft_failed_extremities"
+
+    def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
+        super(EventsBackgroundUpdatesStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
+
+        self.register_background_update_handler(
+            self.EVENT_ORIGIN_SERVER_TS_NAME, self._background_reindex_origin_server_ts
+        )
+        self.register_background_update_handler(
+            self.EVENT_FIELDS_SENDER_URL_UPDATE_NAME,
+            self._background_reindex_fields_sender,
+        )
+
+        self.register_background_index_update(
+            "event_contains_url_index",
+            index_name="event_contains_url_index",
+            table="events",
+            columns=["room_id", "topological_ordering", "stream_ordering"],
+            where_clause="contains_url = true AND outlier = false",
+        )
+
+        # an event_id index on event_search is useful for the purge_history
+        # api. Plus it means we get to enforce some integrity with a UNIQUE
+        # clause
+        self.register_background_index_update(
+            "event_search_event_id_idx",
+            index_name="event_search_event_id_idx",
+            table="event_search",
+            columns=["event_id"],
+            unique=True,
+            psql_only=True,
+        )
+
+        self.register_background_update_handler(
+            self.DELETE_SOFT_FAILED_EXTREMITIES, self._cleanup_extremities_bg_update
+        )
+
+        self.register_background_update_handler(
+            "redactions_received_ts", self._redactions_received_ts
+        )
+
+        # This index gets deleted in `event_fix_redactions_bytes` update
+        self.register_background_index_update(
+            "event_fix_redactions_bytes_create_index",
+            index_name="redactions_censored_redacts",
+            table="redactions",
+            columns=["redacts"],
+            where_clause="have_censored",
+        )
+
+        self.register_background_update_handler(
+            "event_fix_redactions_bytes", self._event_fix_redactions_bytes
+        )
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def _background_reindex_fields_sender(self, progress, batch_size):
+        target_min_stream_id = progress["target_min_stream_id_inclusive"]
+        max_stream_id = progress["max_stream_id_exclusive"]
+        rows_inserted = progress.get("rows_inserted", 0)
+
+        INSERT_CLUMP_SIZE = 1000
+
+        def reindex_txn(txn):
+            sql = (
+                "SELECT stream_ordering, event_id, json FROM events"
+                " INNER JOIN event_json USING (event_id)"
+                " WHERE ? <= stream_ordering AND stream_ordering < ?"
+                " ORDER BY stream_ordering DESC"
+                " LIMIT ?"
+            )
+
+            txn.execute(sql, (target_min_stream_id, max_stream_id, batch_size))
+
+            rows = txn.fetchall()
+            if not rows:
+                return 0
+
+            min_stream_id = rows[-1][0]
+
+            update_rows = []
+            for row in rows:
+                try:
+                    event_id = row[1]
+                    event_json = json.loads(row[2])
+                    sender = event_json["sender"]
+                    content = event_json["content"]
+
+                    contains_url = "url" in content
+                    if contains_url:
+                        contains_url &= isinstance(content["url"], text_type)
+                except (KeyError, AttributeError):
+                    # If the event is missing a necessary field then
+                    # skip over it.
+                    continue
+
+                update_rows.append((sender, contains_url, event_id))
+
+            sql = "UPDATE events SET sender = ?, contains_url = ? WHERE event_id = ?"
+
+            for index in range(0, len(update_rows), INSERT_CLUMP_SIZE):
+                clump = update_rows[index : index + INSERT_CLUMP_SIZE]
+                txn.executemany(sql, clump)
+
+            progress = {
+                "target_min_stream_id_inclusive": target_min_stream_id,
+                "max_stream_id_exclusive": min_stream_id,
+                "rows_inserted": rows_inserted + len(rows),
+            }
+
+            self._background_update_progress_txn(
+                txn, self.EVENT_FIELDS_SENDER_URL_UPDATE_NAME, progress
+            )
+
+            return len(rows)
+
+        result = yield self.runInteraction(
+            self.EVENT_FIELDS_SENDER_URL_UPDATE_NAME, reindex_txn
+        )
+
+        if not result:
+            yield self._end_background_update(self.EVENT_FIELDS_SENDER_URL_UPDATE_NAME)
+
+        return result
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def _background_reindex_origin_server_ts(self, progress, batch_size):
+        target_min_stream_id = progress["target_min_stream_id_inclusive"]
+        max_stream_id = progress["max_stream_id_exclusive"]
+        rows_inserted = progress.get("rows_inserted", 0)
+
+        INSERT_CLUMP_SIZE = 1000
+
+        def reindex_search_txn(txn):
+            sql = (
+                "SELECT stream_ordering, event_id FROM events"
+                " WHERE ? <= stream_ordering AND stream_ordering < ?"
+                " ORDER BY stream_ordering DESC"
+                " LIMIT ?"
+            )
+
+            txn.execute(sql, (target_min_stream_id, max_stream_id, batch_size))
+
+            rows = txn.fetchall()
+            if not rows:
+                return 0
+
+            min_stream_id = rows[-1][0]
+            event_ids = [row[1] for row in rows]
+
+            rows_to_update = []
+
+            chunks = [event_ids[i : i + 100] for i in range(0, len(event_ids), 100)]
+            for chunk in chunks:
+                ev_rows = self._simple_select_many_txn(
+                    txn,
+                    table="event_json",
+                    column="event_id",
+                    iterable=chunk,
+                    retcols=["event_id", "json"],
+                    keyvalues={},
+                )
+
+                for row in ev_rows:
+                    event_id = row["event_id"]
+                    event_json = json.loads(row["json"])
+                    try:
+                        origin_server_ts = event_json["origin_server_ts"]
+                    except (KeyError, AttributeError):
+                        # If the event is missing a necessary field then
+                        # skip over it.
+                        continue
+
+                    rows_to_update.append((origin_server_ts, event_id))
+
+            sql = "UPDATE events SET origin_server_ts = ? WHERE event_id = ?"
+
+            for index in range(0, len(rows_to_update), INSERT_CLUMP_SIZE):
+                clump = rows_to_update[index : index + INSERT_CLUMP_SIZE]
+                txn.executemany(sql, clump)
+
+            progress = {
+                "target_min_stream_id_inclusive": target_min_stream_id,
+                "max_stream_id_exclusive": min_stream_id,
+                "rows_inserted": rows_inserted + len(rows_to_update),
+            }
+
+            self._background_update_progress_txn(
+                txn, self.EVENT_ORIGIN_SERVER_TS_NAME, progress
+            )
+
+            return len(rows_to_update)
+
+        result = yield self.runInteraction(
+            self.EVENT_ORIGIN_SERVER_TS_NAME, reindex_search_txn
+        )
+
+        if not result:
+            yield self._end_background_update(self.EVENT_ORIGIN_SERVER_TS_NAME)
+
+        return result
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def _cleanup_extremities_bg_update(self, progress, batch_size):
+        """Background update to clean out extremities that should have been
+        deleted previously.
+
+        Mainly used to deal with the aftermath of #5269.
+        """
+
+        # This works by first copying all existing forward extremities into the
+        # `_extremities_to_check` table at start up, and then checking each
+        # event in that table whether we have any descendants that are not
+        # soft-failed/rejected. If that is the case then we delete that event
+        # from the forward extremities table.
+        #
+        # For efficiency, we do this in batches by recursively pulling out all
+        # descendants of a batch until we find the non soft-failed/rejected
+        # events, i.e. the set of descendants whose chain of prev events back
+        # to the batch of extremities are all soft-failed or rejected.
+        # Typically, we won't find any such events as extremities will rarely
+        # have any descendants, but if they do then we should delete those
+        # extremities.
+
+        def _cleanup_extremities_bg_update_txn(txn):
+            # The set of extremity event IDs that we're checking this round
+            original_set = set()
+
+            # A dict[str, set[str]] of event ID to their prev events.
+            graph = {}
+
+            # The set of descendants of the original set that are not rejected
+            # nor soft-failed. Ancestors of these events should be removed
+            # from the forward extremities table.
+            non_rejected_leaves = set()
+
+            # Set of event IDs that have been soft failed, and for which we
+            # should check if they have descendants which haven't been soft
+            # failed.
+            soft_failed_events_to_lookup = set()
+
+            # First, we get `batch_size` events from the table, pulling out
+            # their successor events, if any, and the successor events'
+            # rejection status.
+            txn.execute(
+                """SELECT prev_event_id, event_id, internal_metadata,
+                    rejections.event_id IS NOT NULL, events.outlier
+                FROM (
+                    SELECT event_id AS prev_event_id
+                    FROM _extremities_to_check
+                    LIMIT ?
+                ) AS f
+                LEFT JOIN event_edges USING (prev_event_id)
+                LEFT JOIN events USING (event_id)
+                LEFT JOIN event_json USING (event_id)
+                LEFT JOIN rejections USING (event_id)
+                """,
+                (batch_size,),
+            )
+
+            for prev_event_id, event_id, metadata, rejected, outlier in txn:
+                original_set.add(prev_event_id)
+
+                if not event_id or outlier:
+                    # Common case where the forward extremity doesn't have any
+                    # descendants.
+                    continue
+
+                graph.setdefault(event_id, set()).add(prev_event_id)
+
+                soft_failed = False
+                if metadata:
+                    soft_failed = json.loads(metadata).get("soft_failed")
+
+                if soft_failed or rejected:
+                    soft_failed_events_to_lookup.add(event_id)
+                else:
+                    non_rejected_leaves.add(event_id)
+
+            # Now we recursively check all the soft-failed descendants we
+            # found above in the same way, until we have nothing left to
+            # check.
+            while soft_failed_events_to_lookup:
+                # We only want to do 100 at a time, so we split given list
+                # into two.
+                batch = list(soft_failed_events_to_lookup)
+                to_check, to_defer = batch[:100], batch[100:]
+                soft_failed_events_to_lookup = set(to_defer)
+
+                sql = """SELECT prev_event_id, event_id, internal_metadata,
+                    rejections.event_id IS NOT NULL
+                    FROM event_edges
+                    INNER JOIN events USING (event_id)
+                    INNER JOIN event_json USING (event_id)
+                    LEFT JOIN rejections USING (event_id)
+                    WHERE
+                        NOT events.outlier
+                        AND
+                """
+                clause, args = make_in_list_sql_clause(
+                    self.database_engine, "prev_event_id", to_check
+                )
+                txn.execute(sql + clause, list(args))
+
+                for prev_event_id, event_id, metadata, rejected in txn:
+                    if event_id in graph:
+                        # Already handled this event previously, but we still
+                        # want to record the edge.
+                        graph[event_id].add(prev_event_id)
+                        continue
+
+                    graph[event_id] = {prev_event_id}
+
+                    soft_failed = json.loads(metadata).get("soft_failed")
+                    if soft_failed or rejected:
+                        soft_failed_events_to_lookup.add(event_id)
+                    else:
+                        non_rejected_leaves.add(event_id)
+
+            # We have a set of non-soft-failed descendants, so we recurse up
+            # the graph to find all ancestors and add them to the set of event
+            # IDs that we can delete from forward extremities table.
+            to_delete = set()
+            while non_rejected_leaves:
+                event_id = non_rejected_leaves.pop()
+                prev_event_ids = graph.get(event_id, set())
+                non_rejected_leaves.update(prev_event_ids)
+                to_delete.update(prev_event_ids)
+
+            to_delete.intersection_update(original_set)
+
+            deleted = self._simple_delete_many_txn(
+                txn=txn,
+                table="event_forward_extremities",
+                column="event_id",
+                iterable=to_delete,
+                keyvalues={},
+            )
+
+            logger.info(
+                "Deleted %d forward extremities of %d checked, to clean up #5269",
+                deleted,
+                len(original_set),
+            )
+
+            if deleted:
+                # We now need to invalidate the caches of these rooms
+                rows = self._simple_select_many_txn(
+                    txn,
+                    table="events",
+                    column="event_id",
+                    iterable=to_delete,
+                    keyvalues={},
+                    retcols=("room_id",),
+                )
+                room_ids = set(row["room_id"] for row in rows)
+                for room_id in room_ids:
+                    txn.call_after(
+                        self.get_latest_event_ids_in_room.invalidate, (room_id,)
+                    )
+
+            self._simple_delete_many_txn(
+                txn=txn,
+                table="_extremities_to_check",
+                column="event_id",
+                iterable=original_set,
+                keyvalues={},
+            )
+
+            return len(original_set)
+
+        num_handled = yield self.runInteraction(
+            "_cleanup_extremities_bg_update", _cleanup_extremities_bg_update_txn
+        )
+
+        if not num_handled:
+            yield self._end_background_update(self.DELETE_SOFT_FAILED_EXTREMITIES)
+
+            def _drop_table_txn(txn):
+                txn.execute("DROP TABLE _extremities_to_check")
+
+            yield self.runInteraction(
+                "_cleanup_extremities_bg_update_drop_table", _drop_table_txn
+            )
+
+        return num_handled
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def _redactions_received_ts(self, progress, batch_size):
+        """Handles filling out the `received_ts` column in redactions.
+        """
+        last_event_id = progress.get("last_event_id", "")
+
+        def _redactions_received_ts_txn(txn):
+            # Fetch the set of event IDs that we want to update
+            sql = """
+                SELECT event_id FROM redactions
+                WHERE event_id > ?
+                ORDER BY event_id ASC
+                LIMIT ?
+            """
+
+            txn.execute(sql, (last_event_id, batch_size))
+
+            rows = txn.fetchall()
+            if not rows:
+                return 0
+
+            upper_event_id, = rows[-1]
+
+            # Update the redactions with the received_ts.
+            #
+            # Note: Not all events have an associated received_ts, so we
+            # fallback to using origin_server_ts. If we for some reason don't
+            # have an origin_server_ts, lets just use the current timestamp.
+            #
+            # We don't want to leave it null, as then we'll never try and
+            # censor those redactions.
+            sql = """
+                UPDATE redactions
+                SET received_ts = (
+                    SELECT COALESCE(received_ts, origin_server_ts, ?) FROM events
+                    WHERE events.event_id = redactions.event_id
+                )
+                WHERE ? <= event_id AND event_id <= ?
+            """
+
+            txn.execute(sql, (self._clock.time_msec(), last_event_id, upper_event_id))
+
+            self._background_update_progress_txn(
+                txn, "redactions_received_ts", {"last_event_id": upper_event_id}
+            )
+
+            return len(rows)
+
+        count = yield self.runInteraction(
+            "_redactions_received_ts", _redactions_received_ts_txn
+        )
+
+        if not count:
+            yield self._end_background_update("redactions_received_ts")
+
+        return count
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def _event_fix_redactions_bytes(self, progress, batch_size):
+        """Undoes hex encoded censored redacted event JSON.
+        """
+
+        def _event_fix_redactions_bytes_txn(txn):
+            # This update is quite fast due to new index.
+            txn.execute(
+                """
+                UPDATE event_json
+                SET
+                    json = convert_from(json::bytea, 'utf8')
+                FROM redactions
+                WHERE
+                    redactions.have_censored
+                    AND event_json.event_id = redactions.redacts
+                    AND json NOT LIKE '{%';
+                """
+            )
+
+            txn.execute("DROP INDEX redactions_censored_redacts")
+
+        yield self.runInteraction(
+            "_event_fix_redactions_bytes", _event_fix_redactions_bytes_txn
+        )
+
+        yield self._end_background_update("event_fix_redactions_bytes")
+
+        return 1
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/events_worker.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/events_worker.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4c4b76bd93
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+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/events_worker.py
@@ -0,0 +1,882 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+from __future__ import division
+
+import itertools
+import logging
+from collections import namedtuple
+
+from canonicaljson import json
+
+from twisted.internet import defer
+
+from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes
+from synapse.api.errors import NotFoundError
+from synapse.api.room_versions import EventFormatVersions
+from synapse.events import FrozenEvent, event_type_from_format_version  # noqa: F401
+from synapse.events.snapshot import EventContext  # noqa: F401
+from synapse.events.utils import prune_event
+from synapse.logging.context import LoggingContext, PreserveLoggingContext
+from synapse.metrics.background_process_metrics import run_as_background_process
+from synapse.storage._base import SQLBaseStore, make_in_list_sql_clause
+from synapse.types import get_domain_from_id
+from synapse.util import batch_iter
+from synapse.util.metrics import Measure
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+# These values are used in the `enqueus_event` and `_do_fetch` methods to
+# control how we batch/bulk fetch events from the database.
+# The values are plucked out of thing air to make initial sync run faster
+# on jki.re
+# TODO: Make these configurable.
+EVENT_QUEUE_THREADS = 3  # Max number of threads that will fetch events
+EVENT_QUEUE_ITERATIONS = 3  # No. times we block waiting for requests for events
+EVENT_QUEUE_TIMEOUT_S = 0.1  # Timeout when waiting for requests for events
+
+
+_EventCacheEntry = namedtuple("_EventCacheEntry", ("event", "redacted_event"))
+
+
+class EventsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
+    def get_received_ts(self, event_id):
+        """Get received_ts (when it was persisted) for the event.
+
+        Raises an exception for unknown events.
+
+        Args:
+            event_id (str)
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred[int|None]: Timestamp in milliseconds, or None for events
+            that were persisted before received_ts was implemented.
+        """
+        return self._simple_select_one_onecol(
+            table="events",
+            keyvalues={"event_id": event_id},
+            retcol="received_ts",
+            desc="get_received_ts",
+        )
+
+    def get_received_ts_by_stream_pos(self, stream_ordering):
+        """Given a stream ordering get an approximate timestamp of when it
+        happened.
+
+        This is done by simply taking the received ts of the first event that
+        has a stream ordering greater than or equal to the given stream pos.
+        If none exists returns the current time, on the assumption that it must
+        have happened recently.
+
+        Args:
+            stream_ordering (int)
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred[int]
+        """
+
+        def _get_approximate_received_ts_txn(txn):
+            sql = """
+                SELECT received_ts FROM events
+                WHERE stream_ordering >= ?
+                LIMIT 1
+            """
+
+            txn.execute(sql, (stream_ordering,))
+            row = txn.fetchone()
+            if row and row[0]:
+                ts = row[0]
+            else:
+                ts = self.clock.time_msec()
+
+            return ts
+
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "get_approximate_received_ts", _get_approximate_received_ts_txn
+        )
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_event(
+        self,
+        event_id,
+        check_redacted=True,
+        get_prev_content=False,
+        allow_rejected=False,
+        allow_none=False,
+        check_room_id=None,
+    ):
+        """Get an event from the database by event_id.
+
+        Args:
+            event_id (str): The event_id of the event to fetch
+            check_redacted (bool): If True, check if event has been redacted
+                and redact it.
+            get_prev_content (bool): If True and event is a state event,
+                include the previous states content in the unsigned field.
+            allow_rejected (bool): If True return rejected events.
+            allow_none (bool): If True, return None if no event found, if
+                False throw a NotFoundError
+            check_room_id (str|None): if not None, check the room of the found event.
+                If there is a mismatch, behave as per allow_none.
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred[EventBase|None]
+        """
+        if not isinstance(event_id, str):
+            raise TypeError("Invalid event event_id %r" % (event_id,))
+
+        events = yield self.get_events_as_list(
+            [event_id],
+            check_redacted=check_redacted,
+            get_prev_content=get_prev_content,
+            allow_rejected=allow_rejected,
+        )
+
+        event = events[0] if events else None
+
+        if event is not None and check_room_id is not None:
+            if event.room_id != check_room_id:
+                event = None
+
+        if event is None and not allow_none:
+            raise NotFoundError("Could not find event %s" % (event_id,))
+
+        return event
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_events(
+        self,
+        event_ids,
+        check_redacted=True,
+        get_prev_content=False,
+        allow_rejected=False,
+    ):
+        """Get events from the database
+
+        Args:
+            event_ids (list): The event_ids of the events to fetch
+            check_redacted (bool): If True, check if event has been redacted
+                and redact it.
+            get_prev_content (bool): If True and event is a state event,
+                include the previous states content in the unsigned field.
+            allow_rejected (bool): If True return rejected events.
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred : Dict from event_id to event.
+        """
+        events = yield self.get_events_as_list(
+            event_ids,
+            check_redacted=check_redacted,
+            get_prev_content=get_prev_content,
+            allow_rejected=allow_rejected,
+        )
+
+        return {e.event_id: e for e in events}
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_events_as_list(
+        self,
+        event_ids,
+        check_redacted=True,
+        get_prev_content=False,
+        allow_rejected=False,
+    ):
+        """Get events from the database and return in a list in the same order
+        as given by `event_ids` arg.
+
+        Args:
+            event_ids (list): The event_ids of the events to fetch
+            check_redacted (bool): If True, check if event has been redacted
+                and redact it.
+            get_prev_content (bool): If True and event is a state event,
+                include the previous states content in the unsigned field.
+            allow_rejected (bool): If True return rejected events.
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred[list[EventBase]]: List of events fetched from the database. The
+            events are in the same order as `event_ids` arg.
+
+            Note that the returned list may be smaller than the list of event
+            IDs if not all events could be fetched.
+        """
+
+        if not event_ids:
+            return []
+
+        # there may be duplicates so we cast the list to a set
+        event_entry_map = yield self._get_events_from_cache_or_db(
+            set(event_ids), allow_rejected=allow_rejected
+        )
+
+        events = []
+        for event_id in event_ids:
+            entry = event_entry_map.get(event_id, None)
+            if not entry:
+                continue
+
+            if not allow_rejected:
+                assert not entry.event.rejected_reason, (
+                    "rejected event returned from _get_events_from_cache_or_db despite "
+                    "allow_rejected=False"
+                )
+
+            # We may not have had the original event when we received a redaction, so
+            # we have to recheck auth now.
+
+            if not allow_rejected and entry.event.type == EventTypes.Redaction:
+                if not hasattr(entry.event, "redacts"):
+                    # A redacted redaction doesn't have a `redacts` key, in
+                    # which case lets just withhold the event.
+                    #
+                    # Note: Most of the time if the redactions has been
+                    # redacted we still have the un-redacted event in the DB
+                    # and so we'll still see the `redacts` key. However, this
+                    # isn't always true e.g. if we have censored the event.
+                    logger.debug(
+                        "Withholding redaction event %s as we don't have redacts key",
+                        event_id,
+                    )
+                    continue
+
+                redacted_event_id = entry.event.redacts
+                event_map = yield self._get_events_from_cache_or_db([redacted_event_id])
+                original_event_entry = event_map.get(redacted_event_id)
+                if not original_event_entry:
+                    # we don't have the redacted event (or it was rejected).
+                    #
+                    # We assume that the redaction isn't authorized for now; if the
+                    # redacted event later turns up, the redaction will be re-checked,
+                    # and if it is found valid, the original will get redacted before it
+                    # is served to the client.
+                    logger.debug(
+                        "Withholding redaction event %s since we don't (yet) have the "
+                        "original %s",
+                        event_id,
+                        redacted_event_id,
+                    )
+                    continue
+
+                original_event = original_event_entry.event
+                if original_event.type == EventTypes.Create:
+                    # we never serve redactions of Creates to clients.
+                    logger.info(
+                        "Withholding redaction %s of create event %s",
+                        event_id,
+                        redacted_event_id,
+                    )
+                    continue
+
+                if original_event.room_id != entry.event.room_id:
+                    logger.info(
+                        "Withholding redaction %s of event %s from a different room",
+                        event_id,
+                        redacted_event_id,
+                    )
+                    continue
+
+                if entry.event.internal_metadata.need_to_check_redaction():
+                    original_domain = get_domain_from_id(original_event.sender)
+                    redaction_domain = get_domain_from_id(entry.event.sender)
+                    if original_domain != redaction_domain:
+                        # the senders don't match, so this is forbidden
+                        logger.info(
+                            "Withholding redaction %s whose sender domain %s doesn't "
+                            "match that of redacted event %s %s",
+                            event_id,
+                            redaction_domain,
+                            redacted_event_id,
+                            original_domain,
+                        )
+                        continue
+
+                    # Update the cache to save doing the checks again.
+                    entry.event.internal_metadata.recheck_redaction = False
+
+            if check_redacted and entry.redacted_event:
+                event = entry.redacted_event
+            else:
+                event = entry.event
+
+            events.append(event)
+
+            if get_prev_content:
+                if "replaces_state" in event.unsigned:
+                    prev = yield self.get_event(
+                        event.unsigned["replaces_state"],
+                        get_prev_content=False,
+                        allow_none=True,
+                    )
+                    if prev:
+                        event.unsigned = dict(event.unsigned)
+                        event.unsigned["prev_content"] = prev.content
+                        event.unsigned["prev_sender"] = prev.sender
+
+        return events
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def _get_events_from_cache_or_db(self, event_ids, allow_rejected=False):
+        """Fetch a bunch of events from the cache or the database.
+
+        If events are pulled from the database, they will be cached for future lookups.
+
+        Args:
+            event_ids (Iterable[str]): The event_ids of the events to fetch
+            allow_rejected (bool): Whether to include rejected events
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred[Dict[str, _EventCacheEntry]]:
+                map from event id to result
+        """
+        event_entry_map = self._get_events_from_cache(
+            event_ids, allow_rejected=allow_rejected
+        )
+
+        missing_events_ids = [e for e in event_ids if e not in event_entry_map]
+
+        if missing_events_ids:
+            log_ctx = LoggingContext.current_context()
+            log_ctx.record_event_fetch(len(missing_events_ids))
+
+            # Note that _get_events_from_db is also responsible for turning db rows
+            # into FrozenEvents (via _get_event_from_row), which involves seeing if
+            # the events have been redacted, and if so pulling the redaction event out
+            # of the database to check it.
+            #
+            missing_events = yield self._get_events_from_db(
+                missing_events_ids, allow_rejected=allow_rejected
+            )
+
+            event_entry_map.update(missing_events)
+
+        return event_entry_map
+
+    def _invalidate_get_event_cache(self, event_id):
+        self._get_event_cache.invalidate((event_id,))
+
+    def _get_events_from_cache(self, events, allow_rejected, update_metrics=True):
+        """Fetch events from the caches
+
+        Args:
+            events (Iterable[str]): list of event_ids to fetch
+            allow_rejected (bool): Whether to return events that were rejected
+            update_metrics (bool): Whether to update the cache hit ratio metrics
+
+        Returns:
+            dict of event_id -> _EventCacheEntry for each event_id in cache. If
+            allow_rejected is `False` then there will still be an entry but it
+            will be `None`
+        """
+        event_map = {}
+
+        for event_id in events:
+            ret = self._get_event_cache.get(
+                (event_id,), None, update_metrics=update_metrics
+            )
+            if not ret:
+                continue
+
+            if allow_rejected or not ret.event.rejected_reason:
+                event_map[event_id] = ret
+            else:
+                event_map[event_id] = None
+
+        return event_map
+
+    def _do_fetch(self, conn):
+        """Takes a database connection and waits for requests for events from
+        the _event_fetch_list queue.
+        """
+        i = 0
+        while True:
+            with self._event_fetch_lock:
+                event_list = self._event_fetch_list
+                self._event_fetch_list = []
+
+                if not event_list:
+                    single_threaded = self.database_engine.single_threaded
+                    if single_threaded or i > EVENT_QUEUE_ITERATIONS:
+                        self._event_fetch_ongoing -= 1
+                        return
+                    else:
+                        self._event_fetch_lock.wait(EVENT_QUEUE_TIMEOUT_S)
+                        i += 1
+                        continue
+                i = 0
+
+            self._fetch_event_list(conn, event_list)
+
+    def _fetch_event_list(self, conn, event_list):
+        """Handle a load of requests from the _event_fetch_list queue
+
+        Args:
+            conn (twisted.enterprise.adbapi.Connection): database connection
+
+            event_list (list[Tuple[list[str], Deferred]]):
+                The fetch requests. Each entry consists of a list of event
+                ids to be fetched, and a deferred to be completed once the
+                events have been fetched.
+
+                The deferreds are callbacked with a dictionary mapping from event id
+                to event row. Note that it may well contain additional events that
+                were not part of this request.
+        """
+        with Measure(self._clock, "_fetch_event_list"):
+            try:
+                events_to_fetch = set(
+                    event_id for events, _ in event_list for event_id in events
+                )
+
+                row_dict = self._new_transaction(
+                    conn, "do_fetch", [], [], self._fetch_event_rows, events_to_fetch
+                )
+
+                # We only want to resolve deferreds from the main thread
+                def fire():
+                    for _, d in event_list:
+                        d.callback(row_dict)
+
+                with PreserveLoggingContext():
+                    self.hs.get_reactor().callFromThread(fire)
+            except Exception as e:
+                logger.exception("do_fetch")
+
+                # We only want to resolve deferreds from the main thread
+                def fire(evs, exc):
+                    for _, d in evs:
+                        if not d.called:
+                            with PreserveLoggingContext():
+                                d.errback(exc)
+
+                with PreserveLoggingContext():
+                    self.hs.get_reactor().callFromThread(fire, event_list, e)
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def _get_events_from_db(self, event_ids, allow_rejected=False):
+        """Fetch a bunch of events from the database.
+
+        Returned events will be added to the cache for future lookups.
+
+        Args:
+            event_ids (Iterable[str]): The event_ids of the events to fetch
+            allow_rejected (bool): Whether to include rejected events
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred[Dict[str, _EventCacheEntry]]:
+                map from event id to result. May return extra events which
+                weren't asked for.
+        """
+        fetched_events = {}
+        events_to_fetch = event_ids
+
+        while events_to_fetch:
+            row_map = yield self._enqueue_events(events_to_fetch)
+
+            # we need to recursively fetch any redactions of those events
+            redaction_ids = set()
+            for event_id in events_to_fetch:
+                row = row_map.get(event_id)
+                fetched_events[event_id] = row
+                if row:
+                    redaction_ids.update(row["redactions"])
+
+            events_to_fetch = redaction_ids.difference(fetched_events.keys())
+            if events_to_fetch:
+                logger.debug("Also fetching redaction events %s", events_to_fetch)
+
+        # build a map from event_id to EventBase
+        event_map = {}
+        for event_id, row in fetched_events.items():
+            if not row:
+                continue
+            assert row["event_id"] == event_id
+
+            rejected_reason = row["rejected_reason"]
+
+            if not allow_rejected and rejected_reason:
+                continue
+
+            d = json.loads(row["json"])
+            internal_metadata = json.loads(row["internal_metadata"])
+
+            format_version = row["format_version"]
+            if format_version is None:
+                # This means that we stored the event before we had the concept
+                # of a event format version, so it must be a V1 event.
+                format_version = EventFormatVersions.V1
+
+            original_ev = event_type_from_format_version(format_version)(
+                event_dict=d,
+                internal_metadata_dict=internal_metadata,
+                rejected_reason=rejected_reason,
+            )
+
+            event_map[event_id] = original_ev
+
+        # finally, we can decide whether each one nededs redacting, and build
+        # the cache entries.
+        result_map = {}
+        for event_id, original_ev in event_map.items():
+            redactions = fetched_events[event_id]["redactions"]
+            redacted_event = self._maybe_redact_event_row(
+                original_ev, redactions, event_map
+            )
+
+            cache_entry = _EventCacheEntry(
+                event=original_ev, redacted_event=redacted_event
+            )
+
+            self._get_event_cache.prefill((event_id,), cache_entry)
+            result_map[event_id] = cache_entry
+
+        return result_map
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def _enqueue_events(self, events):
+        """Fetches events from the database using the _event_fetch_list. This
+        allows batch and bulk fetching of events - it allows us to fetch events
+        without having to create a new transaction for each request for events.
+
+        Args:
+            events (Iterable[str]): events to be fetched.
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred[Dict[str, Dict]]: map from event id to row data from the database.
+                May contain events that weren't requested.
+        """
+
+        events_d = defer.Deferred()
+        with self._event_fetch_lock:
+            self._event_fetch_list.append((events, events_d))
+
+            self._event_fetch_lock.notify()
+
+            if self._event_fetch_ongoing < EVENT_QUEUE_THREADS:
+                self._event_fetch_ongoing += 1
+                should_start = True
+            else:
+                should_start = False
+
+        if should_start:
+            run_as_background_process(
+                "fetch_events", self.runWithConnection, self._do_fetch
+            )
+
+        logger.debug("Loading %d events: %s", len(events), events)
+        with PreserveLoggingContext():
+            row_map = yield events_d
+        logger.debug("Loaded %d events (%d rows)", len(events), len(row_map))
+
+        return row_map
+
+    def _fetch_event_rows(self, txn, event_ids):
+        """Fetch event rows from the database
+
+        Events which are not found are omitted from the result.
+
+        The returned per-event dicts contain the following keys:
+
+         * event_id (str)
+
+         * json (str): json-encoded event structure
+
+         * internal_metadata (str): json-encoded internal metadata dict
+
+         * format_version (int|None): The format of the event. Hopefully one
+           of EventFormatVersions. 'None' means the event predates
+           EventFormatVersions (so the event is format V1).
+
+         * rejected_reason (str|None): if the event was rejected, the reason
+           why.
+
+         * redactions (List[str]): a list of event-ids which (claim to) redact
+           this event.
+
+        Args:
+            txn (twisted.enterprise.adbapi.Connection):
+            event_ids (Iterable[str]): event IDs to fetch
+
+        Returns:
+            Dict[str, Dict]: a map from event id to event info.
+        """
+        event_dict = {}
+        for evs in batch_iter(event_ids, 200):
+            sql = (
+                "SELECT "
+                " e.event_id, "
+                " e.internal_metadata,"
+                " e.json,"
+                " e.format_version, "
+                " rej.reason "
+                " FROM event_json as e"
+                " LEFT JOIN rejections as rej USING (event_id)"
+                " WHERE "
+            )
+
+            clause, args = make_in_list_sql_clause(
+                txn.database_engine, "e.event_id", evs
+            )
+
+            txn.execute(sql + clause, args)
+
+            for row in txn:
+                event_id = row[0]
+                event_dict[event_id] = {
+                    "event_id": event_id,
+                    "internal_metadata": row[1],
+                    "json": row[2],
+                    "format_version": row[3],
+                    "rejected_reason": row[4],
+                    "redactions": [],
+                }
+
+            # check for redactions
+            redactions_sql = "SELECT event_id, redacts FROM redactions WHERE "
+
+            clause, args = make_in_list_sql_clause(txn.database_engine, "redacts", evs)
+
+            txn.execute(redactions_sql + clause, args)
+
+            for (redacter, redacted) in txn:
+                d = event_dict.get(redacted)
+                if d:
+                    d["redactions"].append(redacter)
+
+        return event_dict
+
+    def _maybe_redact_event_row(self, original_ev, redactions, event_map):
+        """Given an event object and a list of possible redacting event ids,
+        determine whether to honour any of those redactions and if so return a redacted
+        event.
+
+        Args:
+             original_ev (EventBase):
+             redactions (iterable[str]): list of event ids of potential redaction events
+             event_map (dict[str, EventBase]): other events which have been fetched, in
+                 which we can look up the redaaction events. Map from event id to event.
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred[EventBase|None]: if the event should be redacted, a pruned
+                event object. Otherwise, None.
+        """
+        if original_ev.type == "m.room.create":
+            # we choose to ignore redactions of m.room.create events.
+            return None
+
+        for redaction_id in redactions:
+            redaction_event = event_map.get(redaction_id)
+            if not redaction_event or redaction_event.rejected_reason:
+                # we don't have the redaction event, or the redaction event was not
+                # authorized.
+                logger.debug(
+                    "%s was redacted by %s but redaction not found/authed",
+                    original_ev.event_id,
+                    redaction_id,
+                )
+                continue
+
+            if redaction_event.room_id != original_ev.room_id:
+                logger.debug(
+                    "%s was redacted by %s but redaction was in a different room!",
+                    original_ev.event_id,
+                    redaction_id,
+                )
+                continue
+
+            # Starting in room version v3, some redactions need to be
+            # rechecked if we didn't have the redacted event at the
+            # time, so we recheck on read instead.
+            if redaction_event.internal_metadata.need_to_check_redaction():
+                expected_domain = get_domain_from_id(original_ev.sender)
+                if get_domain_from_id(redaction_event.sender) == expected_domain:
+                    # This redaction event is allowed. Mark as not needing a recheck.
+                    redaction_event.internal_metadata.recheck_redaction = False
+                else:
+                    # Senders don't match, so the event isn't actually redacted
+                    logger.debug(
+                        "%s was redacted by %s but the senders don't match",
+                        original_ev.event_id,
+                        redaction_id,
+                    )
+                    continue
+
+            logger.debug("Redacting %s due to %s", original_ev.event_id, redaction_id)
+
+            # we found a good redaction event. Redact!
+            redacted_event = prune_event(original_ev)
+            redacted_event.unsigned["redacted_by"] = redaction_id
+
+            # It's fine to add the event directly, since get_pdu_json
+            # will serialise this field correctly
+            redacted_event.unsigned["redacted_because"] = redaction_event
+
+            return redacted_event
+
+        # no valid redaction found for this event
+        return None
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def have_events_in_timeline(self, event_ids):
+        """Given a list of event ids, check if we have already processed and
+        stored them as non outliers.
+        """
+        rows = yield self._simple_select_many_batch(
+            table="events",
+            retcols=("event_id",),
+            column="event_id",
+            iterable=list(event_ids),
+            keyvalues={"outlier": False},
+            desc="have_events_in_timeline",
+        )
+
+        return set(r["event_id"] for r in rows)
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def have_seen_events(self, event_ids):
+        """Given a list of event ids, check if we have already processed them.
+
+        Args:
+            event_ids (iterable[str]):
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred[set[str]]: The events we have already seen.
+        """
+        results = set()
+
+        def have_seen_events_txn(txn, chunk):
+            sql = "SELECT event_id FROM events as e WHERE "
+            clause, args = make_in_list_sql_clause(
+                txn.database_engine, "e.event_id", chunk
+            )
+            txn.execute(sql + clause, args)
+            for (event_id,) in txn:
+                results.add(event_id)
+
+        # break the input up into chunks of 100
+        input_iterator = iter(event_ids)
+        for chunk in iter(lambda: list(itertools.islice(input_iterator, 100)), []):
+            yield self.runInteraction("have_seen_events", have_seen_events_txn, chunk)
+        return results
+
+    def get_seen_events_with_rejections(self, event_ids):
+        """Given a list of event ids, check if we rejected them.
+
+        Args:
+            event_ids (list[str])
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred[dict[str, str|None):
+                Has an entry for each event id we already have seen. Maps to
+                the rejected reason string if we rejected the event, else maps
+                to None.
+        """
+        if not event_ids:
+            return defer.succeed({})
+
+        def f(txn):
+            sql = (
+                "SELECT e.event_id, reason FROM events as e "
+                "LEFT JOIN rejections as r ON e.event_id = r.event_id "
+                "WHERE e.event_id = ?"
+            )
+
+            res = {}
+            for event_id in event_ids:
+                txn.execute(sql, (event_id,))
+                row = txn.fetchone()
+                if row:
+                    _, rejected = row
+                    res[event_id] = rejected
+
+            return res
+
+        return self.runInteraction("get_seen_events_with_rejections", f)
+
+    def _get_total_state_event_counts_txn(self, txn, room_id):
+        """
+        See get_total_state_event_counts.
+        """
+        # We join against the events table as that has an index on room_id
+        sql = """
+            SELECT COUNT(*) FROM state_events
+            INNER JOIN events USING (room_id, event_id)
+            WHERE room_id=?
+        """
+        txn.execute(sql, (room_id,))
+        row = txn.fetchone()
+        return row[0] if row else 0
+
+    def get_total_state_event_counts(self, room_id):
+        """
+        Gets the total number of state events in a room.
+
+        Args:
+            room_id (str)
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred[int]
+        """
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "get_total_state_event_counts",
+            self._get_total_state_event_counts_txn,
+            room_id,
+        )
+
+    def _get_current_state_event_counts_txn(self, txn, room_id):
+        """
+        See get_current_state_event_counts.
+        """
+        sql = "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM current_state_events WHERE room_id=?"
+        txn.execute(sql, (room_id,))
+        row = txn.fetchone()
+        return row[0] if row else 0
+
+    def get_current_state_event_counts(self, room_id):
+        """
+        Gets the current number of state events in a room.
+
+        Args:
+            room_id (str)
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred[int]
+        """
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "get_current_state_event_counts",
+            self._get_current_state_event_counts_txn,
+            room_id,
+        )
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_room_complexity(self, room_id):
+        """
+        Get a rough approximation of the complexity of the room. This is used by
+        remote servers to decide whether they wish to join the room or not.
+        Higher complexity value indicates that being in the room will consume
+        more resources.
+
+        Args:
+            room_id (str)
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred[dict[str:int]] of complexity version to complexity.
+        """
+        state_events = yield self.get_current_state_event_counts(room_id)
+
+        # Call this one "v1", so we can introduce new ones as we want to develop
+        # it.
+        complexity_v1 = round(state_events / 500, 2)
+
+        return {"v1": complexity_v1}
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/filtering.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/filtering.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a2a2a67927
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/filtering.py
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+from canonicaljson import encode_canonical_json
+
+from synapse.api.errors import Codes, SynapseError
+from synapse.storage._base import SQLBaseStore, db_to_json
+from synapse.util.caches.descriptors import cachedInlineCallbacks
+
+
+class FilteringStore(SQLBaseStore):
+    @cachedInlineCallbacks(num_args=2)
+    def get_user_filter(self, user_localpart, filter_id):
+        # filter_id is BIGINT UNSIGNED, so if it isn't a number, fail
+        # with a coherent error message rather than 500 M_UNKNOWN.
+        try:
+            int(filter_id)
+        except ValueError:
+            raise SynapseError(400, "Invalid filter ID", Codes.INVALID_PARAM)
+
+        def_json = yield self._simple_select_one_onecol(
+            table="user_filters",
+            keyvalues={"user_id": user_localpart, "filter_id": filter_id},
+            retcol="filter_json",
+            allow_none=False,
+            desc="get_user_filter",
+        )
+
+        return db_to_json(def_json)
+
+    def add_user_filter(self, user_localpart, user_filter):
+        def_json = encode_canonical_json(user_filter)
+
+        # Need an atomic transaction to SELECT the maximal ID so far then
+        # INSERT a new one
+        def _do_txn(txn):
+            sql = (
+                "SELECT filter_id FROM user_filters "
+                "WHERE user_id = ? AND filter_json = ?"
+            )
+            txn.execute(sql, (user_localpart, bytearray(def_json)))
+            filter_id_response = txn.fetchone()
+            if filter_id_response is not None:
+                return filter_id_response[0]
+
+            sql = "SELECT MAX(filter_id) FROM user_filters " "WHERE user_id = ?"
+            txn.execute(sql, (user_localpart,))
+            max_id = txn.fetchone()[0]
+            if max_id is None:
+                filter_id = 0
+            else:
+                filter_id = max_id + 1
+
+            sql = (
+                "INSERT INTO user_filters (user_id, filter_id, filter_json)"
+                "VALUES(?, ?, ?)"
+            )
+            txn.execute(sql, (user_localpart, filter_id, bytearray(def_json)))
+
+            return filter_id
+
+        return self.runInteraction("add_user_filter", _do_txn)
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/group_server.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/group_server.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..aeae5a2b28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/group_server.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1180 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
+# Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+from canonicaljson import json
+
+from twisted.internet import defer
+
+from synapse.api.errors import SynapseError
+from synapse.storage._base import SQLBaseStore
+
+# The category ID for the "default" category. We don't store as null in the
+# database to avoid the fun of null != null
+_DEFAULT_CATEGORY_ID = ""
+_DEFAULT_ROLE_ID = ""
+
+
+class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
+    def set_group_join_policy(self, group_id, join_policy):
+        """Set the join policy of a group.
+
+        join_policy can be one of:
+         * "invite"
+         * "open"
+        """
+        return self._simple_update_one(
+            table="groups",
+            keyvalues={"group_id": group_id},
+            updatevalues={"join_policy": join_policy},
+            desc="set_group_join_policy",
+        )
+
+    def get_group(self, group_id):
+        return self._simple_select_one(
+            table="groups",
+            keyvalues={"group_id": group_id},
+            retcols=(
+                "name",
+                "short_description",
+                "long_description",
+                "avatar_url",
+                "is_public",
+                "join_policy",
+            ),
+            allow_none=True,
+            desc="get_group",
+        )
+
+    def get_users_in_group(self, group_id, include_private=False):
+        # TODO: Pagination
+
+        keyvalues = {"group_id": group_id}
+        if not include_private:
+            keyvalues["is_public"] = True
+
+        return self._simple_select_list(
+            table="group_users",
+            keyvalues=keyvalues,
+            retcols=("user_id", "is_public", "is_admin"),
+            desc="get_users_in_group",
+        )
+
+    def get_invited_users_in_group(self, group_id):
+        # TODO: Pagination
+
+        return self._simple_select_onecol(
+            table="group_invites",
+            keyvalues={"group_id": group_id},
+            retcol="user_id",
+            desc="get_invited_users_in_group",
+        )
+
+    def get_rooms_in_group(self, group_id, include_private=False):
+        # TODO: Pagination
+
+        keyvalues = {"group_id": group_id}
+        if not include_private:
+            keyvalues["is_public"] = True
+
+        return self._simple_select_list(
+            table="group_rooms",
+            keyvalues=keyvalues,
+            retcols=("room_id", "is_public"),
+            desc="get_rooms_in_group",
+        )
+
+    def get_rooms_for_summary_by_category(self, group_id, include_private=False):
+        """Get the rooms and categories that should be included in a summary request
+
+        Returns ([rooms], [categories])
+        """
+
+        def _get_rooms_for_summary_txn(txn):
+            keyvalues = {"group_id": group_id}
+            if not include_private:
+                keyvalues["is_public"] = True
+
+            sql = """
+                SELECT room_id, is_public, category_id, room_order
+                FROM group_summary_rooms
+                WHERE group_id = ?
+            """
+
+            if not include_private:
+                sql += " AND is_public = ?"
+                txn.execute(sql, (group_id, True))
+            else:
+                txn.execute(sql, (group_id,))
+
+            rooms = [
+                {
+                    "room_id": row[0],
+                    "is_public": row[1],
+                    "category_id": row[2] if row[2] != _DEFAULT_CATEGORY_ID else None,
+                    "order": row[3],
+                }
+                for row in txn
+            ]
+
+            sql = """
+                SELECT category_id, is_public, profile, cat_order
+                FROM group_summary_room_categories
+                INNER JOIN group_room_categories USING (group_id, category_id)
+                WHERE group_id = ?
+            """
+
+            if not include_private:
+                sql += " AND is_public = ?"
+                txn.execute(sql, (group_id, True))
+            else:
+                txn.execute(sql, (group_id,))
+
+            categories = {
+                row[0]: {
+                    "is_public": row[1],
+                    "profile": json.loads(row[2]),
+                    "order": row[3],
+                }
+                for row in txn
+            }
+
+            return rooms, categories
+
+        return self.runInteraction("get_rooms_for_summary", _get_rooms_for_summary_txn)
+
+    def add_room_to_summary(self, group_id, room_id, category_id, order, is_public):
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "add_room_to_summary",
+            self._add_room_to_summary_txn,
+            group_id,
+            room_id,
+            category_id,
+            order,
+            is_public,
+        )
+
+    def _add_room_to_summary_txn(
+        self, txn, group_id, room_id, category_id, order, is_public
+    ):
+        """Add (or update) room's entry in summary.
+
+        Args:
+            group_id (str)
+            room_id (str)
+            category_id (str): If not None then adds the category to the end of
+                the summary if its not already there. [Optional]
+            order (int): If not None inserts the room at that position, e.g.
+                an order of 1 will put the room first. Otherwise, the room gets
+                added to the end.
+        """
+        room_in_group = self._simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
+            txn,
+            table="group_rooms",
+            keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "room_id": room_id},
+            retcol="room_id",
+            allow_none=True,
+        )
+        if not room_in_group:
+            raise SynapseError(400, "room not in group")
+
+        if category_id is None:
+            category_id = _DEFAULT_CATEGORY_ID
+        else:
+            cat_exists = self._simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
+                txn,
+                table="group_room_categories",
+                keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "category_id": category_id},
+                retcol="group_id",
+                allow_none=True,
+            )
+            if not cat_exists:
+                raise SynapseError(400, "Category doesn't exist")
+
+            # TODO: Check category is part of summary already
+            cat_exists = self._simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
+                txn,
+                table="group_summary_room_categories",
+                keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "category_id": category_id},
+                retcol="group_id",
+                allow_none=True,
+            )
+            if not cat_exists:
+                # If not, add it with an order larger than all others
+                txn.execute(
+                    """
+                    INSERT INTO group_summary_room_categories
+                    (group_id, category_id, cat_order)
+                    SELECT ?, ?, COALESCE(MAX(cat_order), 0) + 1
+                    FROM group_summary_room_categories
+                    WHERE group_id = ? AND category_id = ?
+                """,
+                    (group_id, category_id, group_id, category_id),
+                )
+
+        existing = self._simple_select_one_txn(
+            txn,
+            table="group_summary_rooms",
+            keyvalues={
+                "group_id": group_id,
+                "room_id": room_id,
+                "category_id": category_id,
+            },
+            retcols=("room_order", "is_public"),
+            allow_none=True,
+        )
+
+        if order is not None:
+            # Shuffle other room orders that come after the given order
+            sql = """
+                UPDATE group_summary_rooms SET room_order = room_order + 1
+                WHERE group_id = ? AND category_id = ? AND room_order >= ?
+            """
+            txn.execute(sql, (group_id, category_id, order))
+        elif not existing:
+            sql = """
+                SELECT COALESCE(MAX(room_order), 0) + 1 FROM group_summary_rooms
+                WHERE group_id = ? AND category_id = ?
+            """
+            txn.execute(sql, (group_id, category_id))
+            order, = txn.fetchone()
+
+        if existing:
+            to_update = {}
+            if order is not None:
+                to_update["room_order"] = order
+            if is_public is not None:
+                to_update["is_public"] = is_public
+            self._simple_update_txn(
+                txn,
+                table="group_summary_rooms",
+                keyvalues={
+                    "group_id": group_id,
+                    "category_id": category_id,
+                    "room_id": room_id,
+                },
+                values=to_update,
+            )
+        else:
+            if is_public is None:
+                is_public = True
+
+            self._simple_insert_txn(
+                txn,
+                table="group_summary_rooms",
+                values={
+                    "group_id": group_id,
+                    "category_id": category_id,
+                    "room_id": room_id,
+                    "room_order": order,
+                    "is_public": is_public,
+                },
+            )
+
+    def remove_room_from_summary(self, group_id, room_id, category_id):
+        if category_id is None:
+            category_id = _DEFAULT_CATEGORY_ID
+
+        return self._simple_delete(
+            table="group_summary_rooms",
+            keyvalues={
+                "group_id": group_id,
+                "category_id": category_id,
+                "room_id": room_id,
+            },
+            desc="remove_room_from_summary",
+        )
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_group_categories(self, group_id):
+        rows = yield self._simple_select_list(
+            table="group_room_categories",
+            keyvalues={"group_id": group_id},
+            retcols=("category_id", "is_public", "profile"),
+            desc="get_group_categories",
+        )
+
+        return {
+            row["category_id"]: {
+                "is_public": row["is_public"],
+                "profile": json.loads(row["profile"]),
+            }
+            for row in rows
+        }
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_group_category(self, group_id, category_id):
+        category = yield self._simple_select_one(
+            table="group_room_categories",
+            keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "category_id": category_id},
+            retcols=("is_public", "profile"),
+            desc="get_group_category",
+        )
+
+        category["profile"] = json.loads(category["profile"])
+
+        return category
+
+    def upsert_group_category(self, group_id, category_id, profile, is_public):
+        """Add/update room category for group
+        """
+        insertion_values = {}
+        update_values = {"category_id": category_id}  # This cannot be empty
+
+        if profile is None:
+            insertion_values["profile"] = "{}"
+        else:
+            update_values["profile"] = json.dumps(profile)
+
+        if is_public is None:
+            insertion_values["is_public"] = True
+        else:
+            update_values["is_public"] = is_public
+
+        return self._simple_upsert(
+            table="group_room_categories",
+            keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "category_id": category_id},
+            values=update_values,
+            insertion_values=insertion_values,
+            desc="upsert_group_category",
+        )
+
+    def remove_group_category(self, group_id, category_id):
+        return self._simple_delete(
+            table="group_room_categories",
+            keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "category_id": category_id},
+            desc="remove_group_category",
+        )
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_group_roles(self, group_id):
+        rows = yield self._simple_select_list(
+            table="group_roles",
+            keyvalues={"group_id": group_id},
+            retcols=("role_id", "is_public", "profile"),
+            desc="get_group_roles",
+        )
+
+        return {
+            row["role_id"]: {
+                "is_public": row["is_public"],
+                "profile": json.loads(row["profile"]),
+            }
+            for row in rows
+        }
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_group_role(self, group_id, role_id):
+        role = yield self._simple_select_one(
+            table="group_roles",
+            keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "role_id": role_id},
+            retcols=("is_public", "profile"),
+            desc="get_group_role",
+        )
+
+        role["profile"] = json.loads(role["profile"])
+
+        return role
+
+    def upsert_group_role(self, group_id, role_id, profile, is_public):
+        """Add/remove user role
+        """
+        insertion_values = {}
+        update_values = {"role_id": role_id}  # This cannot be empty
+
+        if profile is None:
+            insertion_values["profile"] = "{}"
+        else:
+            update_values["profile"] = json.dumps(profile)
+
+        if is_public is None:
+            insertion_values["is_public"] = True
+        else:
+            update_values["is_public"] = is_public
+
+        return self._simple_upsert(
+            table="group_roles",
+            keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "role_id": role_id},
+            values=update_values,
+            insertion_values=insertion_values,
+            desc="upsert_group_role",
+        )
+
+    def remove_group_role(self, group_id, role_id):
+        return self._simple_delete(
+            table="group_roles",
+            keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "role_id": role_id},
+            desc="remove_group_role",
+        )
+
+    def add_user_to_summary(self, group_id, user_id, role_id, order, is_public):
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "add_user_to_summary",
+            self._add_user_to_summary_txn,
+            group_id,
+            user_id,
+            role_id,
+            order,
+            is_public,
+        )
+
+    def _add_user_to_summary_txn(
+        self, txn, group_id, user_id, role_id, order, is_public
+    ):
+        """Add (or update) user's entry in summary.
+
+        Args:
+            group_id (str)
+            user_id (str)
+            role_id (str): If not None then adds the role to the end of
+                the summary if its not already there. [Optional]
+            order (int): If not None inserts the user at that position, e.g.
+                an order of 1 will put the user first. Otherwise, the user gets
+                added to the end.
+        """
+        user_in_group = self._simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
+            txn,
+            table="group_users",
+            keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
+            retcol="user_id",
+            allow_none=True,
+        )
+        if not user_in_group:
+            raise SynapseError(400, "user not in group")
+
+        if role_id is None:
+            role_id = _DEFAULT_ROLE_ID
+        else:
+            role_exists = self._simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
+                txn,
+                table="group_roles",
+                keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "role_id": role_id},
+                retcol="group_id",
+                allow_none=True,
+            )
+            if not role_exists:
+                raise SynapseError(400, "Role doesn't exist")
+
+            # TODO: Check role is part of the summary already
+            role_exists = self._simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
+                txn,
+                table="group_summary_roles",
+                keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "role_id": role_id},
+                retcol="group_id",
+                allow_none=True,
+            )
+            if not role_exists:
+                # If not, add it with an order larger than all others
+                txn.execute(
+                    """
+                    INSERT INTO group_summary_roles
+                    (group_id, role_id, role_order)
+                    SELECT ?, ?, COALESCE(MAX(role_order), 0) + 1
+                    FROM group_summary_roles
+                    WHERE group_id = ? AND role_id = ?
+                """,
+                    (group_id, role_id, group_id, role_id),
+                )
+
+        existing = self._simple_select_one_txn(
+            txn,
+            table="group_summary_users",
+            keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id, "role_id": role_id},
+            retcols=("user_order", "is_public"),
+            allow_none=True,
+        )
+
+        if order is not None:
+            # Shuffle other users orders that come after the given order
+            sql = """
+                UPDATE group_summary_users SET user_order = user_order + 1
+                WHERE group_id = ? AND role_id = ? AND user_order >= ?
+            """
+            txn.execute(sql, (group_id, role_id, order))
+        elif not existing:
+            sql = """
+                SELECT COALESCE(MAX(user_order), 0) + 1 FROM group_summary_users
+                WHERE group_id = ? AND role_id = ?
+            """
+            txn.execute(sql, (group_id, role_id))
+            order, = txn.fetchone()
+
+        if existing:
+            to_update = {}
+            if order is not None:
+                to_update["user_order"] = order
+            if is_public is not None:
+                to_update["is_public"] = is_public
+            self._simple_update_txn(
+                txn,
+                table="group_summary_users",
+                keyvalues={
+                    "group_id": group_id,
+                    "role_id": role_id,
+                    "user_id": user_id,
+                },
+                values=to_update,
+            )
+        else:
+            if is_public is None:
+                is_public = True
+
+            self._simple_insert_txn(
+                txn,
+                table="group_summary_users",
+                values={
+                    "group_id": group_id,
+                    "role_id": role_id,
+                    "user_id": user_id,
+                    "user_order": order,
+                    "is_public": is_public,
+                },
+            )
+
+    def remove_user_from_summary(self, group_id, user_id, role_id):
+        if role_id is None:
+            role_id = _DEFAULT_ROLE_ID
+
+        return self._simple_delete(
+            table="group_summary_users",
+            keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "role_id": role_id, "user_id": user_id},
+            desc="remove_user_from_summary",
+        )
+
+    def get_users_for_summary_by_role(self, group_id, include_private=False):
+        """Get the users and roles that should be included in a summary request
+
+        Returns ([users], [roles])
+        """
+
+        def _get_users_for_summary_txn(txn):
+            keyvalues = {"group_id": group_id}
+            if not include_private:
+                keyvalues["is_public"] = True
+
+            sql = """
+                SELECT user_id, is_public, role_id, user_order
+                FROM group_summary_users
+                WHERE group_id = ?
+            """
+
+            if not include_private:
+                sql += " AND is_public = ?"
+                txn.execute(sql, (group_id, True))
+            else:
+                txn.execute(sql, (group_id,))
+
+            users = [
+                {
+                    "user_id": row[0],
+                    "is_public": row[1],
+                    "role_id": row[2] if row[2] != _DEFAULT_ROLE_ID else None,
+                    "order": row[3],
+                }
+                for row in txn
+            ]
+
+            sql = """
+                SELECT role_id, is_public, profile, role_order
+                FROM group_summary_roles
+                INNER JOIN group_roles USING (group_id, role_id)
+                WHERE group_id = ?
+            """
+
+            if not include_private:
+                sql += " AND is_public = ?"
+                txn.execute(sql, (group_id, True))
+            else:
+                txn.execute(sql, (group_id,))
+
+            roles = {
+                row[0]: {
+                    "is_public": row[1],
+                    "profile": json.loads(row[2]),
+                    "order": row[3],
+                }
+                for row in txn
+            }
+
+            return users, roles
+
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "get_users_for_summary_by_role", _get_users_for_summary_txn
+        )
+
+    def is_user_in_group(self, user_id, group_id):
+        return self._simple_select_one_onecol(
+            table="group_users",
+            keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
+            retcol="user_id",
+            allow_none=True,
+            desc="is_user_in_group",
+        ).addCallback(lambda r: bool(r))
+
+    def is_user_admin_in_group(self, group_id, user_id):
+        return self._simple_select_one_onecol(
+            table="group_users",
+            keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
+            retcol="is_admin",
+            allow_none=True,
+            desc="is_user_admin_in_group",
+        )
+
+    def add_group_invite(self, group_id, user_id):
+        """Record that the group server has invited a user
+        """
+        return self._simple_insert(
+            table="group_invites",
+            values={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
+            desc="add_group_invite",
+        )
+
+    def is_user_invited_to_local_group(self, group_id, user_id):
+        """Has the group server invited a user?
+        """
+        return self._simple_select_one_onecol(
+            table="group_invites",
+            keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
+            retcol="user_id",
+            desc="is_user_invited_to_local_group",
+            allow_none=True,
+        )
+
+    def get_users_membership_info_in_group(self, group_id, user_id):
+        """Get a dict describing the membership of a user in a group.
+
+        Example if joined:
+
+            {
+                "membership": "join",
+                "is_public": True,
+                "is_privileged": False,
+            }
+
+        Returns an empty dict if the user is not join/invite/etc
+        """
+
+        def _get_users_membership_in_group_txn(txn):
+            row = self._simple_select_one_txn(
+                txn,
+                table="group_users",
+                keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
+                retcols=("is_admin", "is_public"),
+                allow_none=True,
+            )
+
+            if row:
+                return {
+                    "membership": "join",
+                    "is_public": row["is_public"],
+                    "is_privileged": row["is_admin"],
+                }
+
+            row = self._simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
+                txn,
+                table="group_invites",
+                keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
+                retcol="user_id",
+                allow_none=True,
+            )
+
+            if row:
+                return {"membership": "invite"}
+
+            return {}
+
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "get_users_membership_info_in_group", _get_users_membership_in_group_txn
+        )
+
+    def add_user_to_group(
+        self,
+        group_id,
+        user_id,
+        is_admin=False,
+        is_public=True,
+        local_attestation=None,
+        remote_attestation=None,
+    ):
+        """Add a user to the group server.
+
+        Args:
+            group_id (str)
+            user_id (str)
+            is_admin (bool)
+            is_public (bool)
+            local_attestation (dict): The attestation the GS created to give
+                to the remote server. Optional if the user and group are on the
+                same server
+            remote_attestation (dict): The attestation given to GS by remote
+                server. Optional if the user and group are on the same server
+        """
+
+        def _add_user_to_group_txn(txn):
+            self._simple_insert_txn(
+                txn,
+                table="group_users",
+                values={
+                    "group_id": group_id,
+                    "user_id": user_id,
+                    "is_admin": is_admin,
+                    "is_public": is_public,
+                },
+            )
+
+            self._simple_delete_txn(
+                txn,
+                table="group_invites",
+                keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
+            )
+
+            if local_attestation:
+                self._simple_insert_txn(
+                    txn,
+                    table="group_attestations_renewals",
+                    values={
+                        "group_id": group_id,
+                        "user_id": user_id,
+                        "valid_until_ms": local_attestation["valid_until_ms"],
+                    },
+                )
+            if remote_attestation:
+                self._simple_insert_txn(
+                    txn,
+                    table="group_attestations_remote",
+                    values={
+                        "group_id": group_id,
+                        "user_id": user_id,
+                        "valid_until_ms": remote_attestation["valid_until_ms"],
+                        "attestation_json": json.dumps(remote_attestation),
+                    },
+                )
+
+        return self.runInteraction("add_user_to_group", _add_user_to_group_txn)
+
+    def remove_user_from_group(self, group_id, user_id):
+        def _remove_user_from_group_txn(txn):
+            self._simple_delete_txn(
+                txn,
+                table="group_users",
+                keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
+            )
+            self._simple_delete_txn(
+                txn,
+                table="group_invites",
+                keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
+            )
+            self._simple_delete_txn(
+                txn,
+                table="group_attestations_renewals",
+                keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
+            )
+            self._simple_delete_txn(
+                txn,
+                table="group_attestations_remote",
+                keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
+            )
+            self._simple_delete_txn(
+                txn,
+                table="group_summary_users",
+                keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
+            )
+
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "remove_user_from_group", _remove_user_from_group_txn
+        )
+
+    def add_room_to_group(self, group_id, room_id, is_public):
+        return self._simple_insert(
+            table="group_rooms",
+            values={"group_id": group_id, "room_id": room_id, "is_public": is_public},
+            desc="add_room_to_group",
+        )
+
+    def update_room_in_group_visibility(self, group_id, room_id, is_public):
+        return self._simple_update(
+            table="group_rooms",
+            keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "room_id": room_id},
+            updatevalues={"is_public": is_public},
+            desc="update_room_in_group_visibility",
+        )
+
+    def remove_room_from_group(self, group_id, room_id):
+        def _remove_room_from_group_txn(txn):
+            self._simple_delete_txn(
+                txn,
+                table="group_rooms",
+                keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "room_id": room_id},
+            )
+
+            self._simple_delete_txn(
+                txn,
+                table="group_summary_rooms",
+                keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "room_id": room_id},
+            )
+
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "remove_room_from_group", _remove_room_from_group_txn
+        )
+
+    def get_publicised_groups_for_user(self, user_id):
+        """Get all groups a user is publicising
+        """
+        return self._simple_select_onecol(
+            table="local_group_membership",
+            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "membership": "join", "is_publicised": True},
+            retcol="group_id",
+            desc="get_publicised_groups_for_user",
+        )
+
+    def update_group_publicity(self, group_id, user_id, publicise):
+        """Update whether the user is publicising their membership of the group
+        """
+        return self._simple_update_one(
+            table="local_group_membership",
+            keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
+            updatevalues={"is_publicised": publicise},
+            desc="update_group_publicity",
+        )
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def register_user_group_membership(
+        self,
+        group_id,
+        user_id,
+        membership,
+        is_admin=False,
+        content={},
+        local_attestation=None,
+        remote_attestation=None,
+        is_publicised=False,
+    ):
+        """Registers that a local user is a member of a (local or remote) group.
+
+        Args:
+            group_id (str)
+            user_id (str)
+            membership (str)
+            is_admin (bool)
+            content (dict): Content of the membership, e.g. includes the inviter
+                if the user has been invited.
+            local_attestation (dict): If remote group then store the fact that we
+                have given out an attestation, else None.
+            remote_attestation (dict): If remote group then store the remote
+                attestation from the group, else None.
+        """
+
+        def _register_user_group_membership_txn(txn, next_id):
+            # TODO: Upsert?
+            self._simple_delete_txn(
+                txn,
+                table="local_group_membership",
+                keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
+            )
+            self._simple_insert_txn(
+                txn,
+                table="local_group_membership",
+                values={
+                    "group_id": group_id,
+                    "user_id": user_id,
+                    "is_admin": is_admin,
+                    "membership": membership,
+                    "is_publicised": is_publicised,
+                    "content": json.dumps(content),
+                },
+            )
+
+            self._simple_insert_txn(
+                txn,
+                table="local_group_updates",
+                values={
+                    "stream_id": next_id,
+                    "group_id": group_id,
+                    "user_id": user_id,
+                    "type": "membership",
+                    "content": json.dumps(
+                        {"membership": membership, "content": content}
+                    ),
+                },
+            )
+            self._group_updates_stream_cache.entity_has_changed(user_id, next_id)
+
+            # TODO: Insert profile to ensure it comes down stream if its a join.
+
+            if membership == "join":
+                if local_attestation:
+                    self._simple_insert_txn(
+                        txn,
+                        table="group_attestations_renewals",
+                        values={
+                            "group_id": group_id,
+                            "user_id": user_id,
+                            "valid_until_ms": local_attestation["valid_until_ms"],
+                        },
+                    )
+                if remote_attestation:
+                    self._simple_insert_txn(
+                        txn,
+                        table="group_attestations_remote",
+                        values={
+                            "group_id": group_id,
+                            "user_id": user_id,
+                            "valid_until_ms": remote_attestation["valid_until_ms"],
+                            "attestation_json": json.dumps(remote_attestation),
+                        },
+                    )
+            else:
+                self._simple_delete_txn(
+                    txn,
+                    table="group_attestations_renewals",
+                    keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
+                )
+                self._simple_delete_txn(
+                    txn,
+                    table="group_attestations_remote",
+                    keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
+                )
+
+            return next_id
+
+        with self._group_updates_id_gen.get_next() as next_id:
+            res = yield self.runInteraction(
+                "register_user_group_membership",
+                _register_user_group_membership_txn,
+                next_id,
+            )
+        return res
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def create_group(
+        self, group_id, user_id, name, avatar_url, short_description, long_description
+    ):
+        yield self._simple_insert(
+            table="groups",
+            values={
+                "group_id": group_id,
+                "name": name,
+                "avatar_url": avatar_url,
+                "short_description": short_description,
+                "long_description": long_description,
+                "is_public": True,
+            },
+            desc="create_group",
+        )
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def update_group_profile(self, group_id, profile):
+        yield self._simple_update_one(
+            table="groups",
+            keyvalues={"group_id": group_id},
+            updatevalues=profile,
+            desc="update_group_profile",
+        )
+
+    def get_attestations_need_renewals(self, valid_until_ms):
+        """Get all attestations that need to be renewed until givent time
+        """
+
+        def _get_attestations_need_renewals_txn(txn):
+            sql = """
+                SELECT group_id, user_id FROM group_attestations_renewals
+                WHERE valid_until_ms <= ?
+            """
+            txn.execute(sql, (valid_until_ms,))
+            return self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
+
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "get_attestations_need_renewals", _get_attestations_need_renewals_txn
+        )
+
+    def update_attestation_renewal(self, group_id, user_id, attestation):
+        """Update an attestation that we have renewed
+        """
+        return self._simple_update_one(
+            table="group_attestations_renewals",
+            keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
+            updatevalues={"valid_until_ms": attestation["valid_until_ms"]},
+            desc="update_attestation_renewal",
+        )
+
+    def update_remote_attestion(self, group_id, user_id, attestation):
+        """Update an attestation that a remote has renewed
+        """
+        return self._simple_update_one(
+            table="group_attestations_remote",
+            keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
+            updatevalues={
+                "valid_until_ms": attestation["valid_until_ms"],
+                "attestation_json": json.dumps(attestation),
+            },
+            desc="update_remote_attestion",
+        )
+
+    def remove_attestation_renewal(self, group_id, user_id):
+        """Remove an attestation that we thought we should renew, but actually
+        shouldn't. Ideally this would never get called as we would never
+        incorrectly try and do attestations for local users on local groups.
+
+        Args:
+            group_id (str)
+            user_id (str)
+        """
+        return self._simple_delete(
+            table="group_attestations_renewals",
+            keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
+            desc="remove_attestation_renewal",
+        )
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_remote_attestation(self, group_id, user_id):
+        """Get the attestation that proves the remote agrees that the user is
+        in the group.
+        """
+        row = yield self._simple_select_one(
+            table="group_attestations_remote",
+            keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
+            retcols=("valid_until_ms", "attestation_json"),
+            desc="get_remote_attestation",
+            allow_none=True,
+        )
+
+        now = int(self._clock.time_msec())
+        if row and now < row["valid_until_ms"]:
+            return json.loads(row["attestation_json"])
+
+        return None
+
+    def get_joined_groups(self, user_id):
+        return self._simple_select_onecol(
+            table="local_group_membership",
+            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "membership": "join"},
+            retcol="group_id",
+            desc="get_joined_groups",
+        )
+
+    def get_all_groups_for_user(self, user_id, now_token):
+        def _get_all_groups_for_user_txn(txn):
+            sql = """
+                SELECT group_id, type, membership, u.content
+                FROM local_group_updates AS u
+                INNER JOIN local_group_membership USING (group_id, user_id)
+                WHERE user_id = ? AND membership != 'leave'
+                    AND stream_id <= ?
+            """
+            txn.execute(sql, (user_id, now_token))
+            return [
+                {
+                    "group_id": row[0],
+                    "type": row[1],
+                    "membership": row[2],
+                    "content": json.loads(row[3]),
+                }
+                for row in txn
+            ]
+
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "get_all_groups_for_user", _get_all_groups_for_user_txn
+        )
+
+    def get_groups_changes_for_user(self, user_id, from_token, to_token):
+        from_token = int(from_token)
+        has_changed = self._group_updates_stream_cache.has_entity_changed(
+            user_id, from_token
+        )
+        if not has_changed:
+            return []
+
+        def _get_groups_changes_for_user_txn(txn):
+            sql = """
+                SELECT group_id, membership, type, u.content
+                FROM local_group_updates AS u
+                INNER JOIN local_group_membership USING (group_id, user_id)
+                WHERE user_id = ? AND ? < stream_id AND stream_id <= ?
+            """
+            txn.execute(sql, (user_id, from_token, to_token))
+            return [
+                {
+                    "group_id": group_id,
+                    "membership": membership,
+                    "type": gtype,
+                    "content": json.loads(content_json),
+                }
+                for group_id, membership, gtype, content_json in txn
+            ]
+
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "get_groups_changes_for_user", _get_groups_changes_for_user_txn
+        )
+
+    def get_all_groups_changes(self, from_token, to_token, limit):
+        from_token = int(from_token)
+        has_changed = self._group_updates_stream_cache.has_any_entity_changed(
+            from_token
+        )
+        if not has_changed:
+            return []
+
+        def _get_all_groups_changes_txn(txn):
+            sql = """
+                SELECT stream_id, group_id, user_id, type, content
+                FROM local_group_updates
+                WHERE ? < stream_id AND stream_id <= ?
+                LIMIT ?
+            """
+            txn.execute(sql, (from_token, to_token, limit))
+            return [
+                (stream_id, group_id, user_id, gtype, json.loads(content_json))
+                for stream_id, group_id, user_id, gtype, content_json in txn
+            ]
+
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "get_all_groups_changes", _get_all_groups_changes_txn
+        )
+
+    def get_group_stream_token(self):
+        return self._group_updates_id_gen.get_current_token()
+
+    def delete_group(self, group_id):
+        """Deletes a group fully from the database.
+
+        Args:
+            group_id (str)
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred
+        """
+
+        def _delete_group_txn(txn):
+            tables = [
+                "groups",
+                "group_users",
+                "group_invites",
+                "group_rooms",
+                "group_summary_rooms",
+                "group_summary_room_categories",
+                "group_room_categories",
+                "group_summary_users",
+                "group_summary_roles",
+                "group_roles",
+                "group_attestations_renewals",
+                "group_attestations_remote",
+            ]
+
+            for table in tables:
+                self._simple_delete_txn(
+                    txn, table=table, keyvalues={"group_id": group_id}
+                )
+
+        return self.runInteraction("delete_group", _delete_group_txn)
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/keys.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/keys.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ebc7db3ed6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/keys.py
@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+# Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import itertools
+import logging
+
+import six
+
+from signedjson.key import decode_verify_key_bytes
+
+from synapse.storage._base import SQLBaseStore
+from synapse.storage.keys import FetchKeyResult
+from synapse.util import batch_iter
+from synapse.util.caches.descriptors import cached, cachedList
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+# py2 sqlite has buffer hardcoded as only binary type, so we must use it,
+# despite being deprecated and removed in favor of memoryview
+if six.PY2:
+    db_binary_type = six.moves.builtins.buffer
+else:
+    db_binary_type = memoryview
+
+
+class KeyStore(SQLBaseStore):
+    """Persistence for signature verification keys
+    """
+
+    @cached()
+    def _get_server_verify_key(self, server_name_and_key_id):
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    @cachedList(
+        cached_method_name="_get_server_verify_key", list_name="server_name_and_key_ids"
+    )
+    def get_server_verify_keys(self, server_name_and_key_ids):
+        """
+        Args:
+            server_name_and_key_ids (iterable[Tuple[str, str]]):
+                iterable of (server_name, key-id) tuples to fetch keys for
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred: resolves to dict[Tuple[str, str], FetchKeyResult|None]:
+                map from (server_name, key_id) -> FetchKeyResult, or None if the key is
+                unknown
+        """
+        keys = {}
+
+        def _get_keys(txn, batch):
+            """Processes a batch of keys to fetch, and adds the result to `keys`."""
+
+            # batch_iter always returns tuples so it's safe to do len(batch)
+            sql = (
+                "SELECT server_name, key_id, verify_key, ts_valid_until_ms "
+                "FROM server_signature_keys WHERE 1=0"
+            ) + " OR (server_name=? AND key_id=?)" * len(batch)
+
+            txn.execute(sql, tuple(itertools.chain.from_iterable(batch)))
+
+            for row in txn:
+                server_name, key_id, key_bytes, ts_valid_until_ms = row
+
+                if ts_valid_until_ms is None:
+                    # Old keys may be stored with a ts_valid_until_ms of null,
+                    # in which case we treat this as if it was set to `0`, i.e.
+                    # it won't match key requests that define a minimum
+                    # `ts_valid_until_ms`.
+                    ts_valid_until_ms = 0
+
+                res = FetchKeyResult(
+                    verify_key=decode_verify_key_bytes(key_id, bytes(key_bytes)),
+                    valid_until_ts=ts_valid_until_ms,
+                )
+                keys[(server_name, key_id)] = res
+
+        def _txn(txn):
+            for batch in batch_iter(server_name_and_key_ids, 50):
+                _get_keys(txn, batch)
+            return keys
+
+        return self.runInteraction("get_server_verify_keys", _txn)
+
+    def store_server_verify_keys(self, from_server, ts_added_ms, verify_keys):
+        """Stores NACL verification keys for remote servers.
+        Args:
+            from_server (str): Where the verification keys were looked up
+            ts_added_ms (int): The time to record that the key was added
+            verify_keys (iterable[tuple[str, str, FetchKeyResult]]):
+                keys to be stored. Each entry is a triplet of
+                (server_name, key_id, key).
+        """
+        key_values = []
+        value_values = []
+        invalidations = []
+        for server_name, key_id, fetch_result in verify_keys:
+            key_values.append((server_name, key_id))
+            value_values.append(
+                (
+                    from_server,
+                    ts_added_ms,
+                    fetch_result.valid_until_ts,
+                    db_binary_type(fetch_result.verify_key.encode()),
+                )
+            )
+            # invalidate takes a tuple corresponding to the params of
+            # _get_server_verify_key. _get_server_verify_key only takes one
+            # param, which is itself the 2-tuple (server_name, key_id).
+            invalidations.append((server_name, key_id))
+
+        def _invalidate(res):
+            f = self._get_server_verify_key.invalidate
+            for i in invalidations:
+                f((i,))
+            return res
+
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "store_server_verify_keys",
+            self._simple_upsert_many_txn,
+            table="server_signature_keys",
+            key_names=("server_name", "key_id"),
+            key_values=key_values,
+            value_names=(
+                "from_server",
+                "ts_added_ms",
+                "ts_valid_until_ms",
+                "verify_key",
+            ),
+            value_values=value_values,
+        ).addCallback(_invalidate)
+
+    def store_server_keys_json(
+        self, server_name, key_id, from_server, ts_now_ms, ts_expires_ms, key_json_bytes
+    ):
+        """Stores the JSON bytes for a set of keys from a server
+        The JSON should be signed by the originating server, the intermediate
+        server, and by this server. Updates the value for the
+        (server_name, key_id, from_server) triplet if one already existed.
+        Args:
+            server_name (str): The name of the server.
+            key_id (str): The identifer of the key this JSON is for.
+            from_server (str): The server this JSON was fetched from.
+            ts_now_ms (int): The time now in milliseconds.
+            ts_valid_until_ms (int): The time when this json stops being valid.
+            key_json (bytes): The encoded JSON.
+        """
+        return self._simple_upsert(
+            table="server_keys_json",
+            keyvalues={
+                "server_name": server_name,
+                "key_id": key_id,
+                "from_server": from_server,
+            },
+            values={
+                "server_name": server_name,
+                "key_id": key_id,
+                "from_server": from_server,
+                "ts_added_ms": ts_now_ms,
+                "ts_valid_until_ms": ts_expires_ms,
+                "key_json": db_binary_type(key_json_bytes),
+            },
+            desc="store_server_keys_json",
+        )
+
+    def get_server_keys_json(self, server_keys):
+        """Retrive the key json for a list of server_keys and key ids.
+        If no keys are found for a given server, key_id and source then
+        that server, key_id, and source triplet entry will be an empty list.
+        The JSON is returned as a byte array so that it can be efficiently
+        used in an HTTP response.
+        Args:
+            server_keys (list): List of (server_name, key_id, source) triplets.
+        Returns:
+            Deferred[dict[Tuple[str, str, str|None], list[dict]]]:
+                Dict mapping (server_name, key_id, source) triplets to lists of dicts
+        """
+
+        def _get_server_keys_json_txn(txn):
+            results = {}
+            for server_name, key_id, from_server in server_keys:
+                keyvalues = {"server_name": server_name}
+                if key_id is not None:
+                    keyvalues["key_id"] = key_id
+                if from_server is not None:
+                    keyvalues["from_server"] = from_server
+                rows = self._simple_select_list_txn(
+                    txn,
+                    "server_keys_json",
+                    keyvalues=keyvalues,
+                    retcols=(
+                        "key_id",
+                        "from_server",
+                        "ts_added_ms",
+                        "ts_valid_until_ms",
+                        "key_json",
+                    ),
+                )
+                results[(server_name, key_id, from_server)] = rows
+            return results
+
+        return self.runInteraction("get_server_keys_json", _get_server_keys_json_txn)
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/media_repository.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/media_repository.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..84b5f3ad5e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/media_repository.py
@@ -0,0 +1,378 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+from synapse.storage.background_updates import BackgroundUpdateStore
+
+
+class MediaRepositoryBackgroundUpdateStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
+    def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
+        super(MediaRepositoryBackgroundUpdateStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
+
+        self.register_background_index_update(
+            update_name="local_media_repository_url_idx",
+            index_name="local_media_repository_url_idx",
+            table="local_media_repository",
+            columns=["created_ts"],
+            where_clause="url_cache IS NOT NULL",
+        )
+
+
+class MediaRepositoryStore(MediaRepositoryBackgroundUpdateStore):
+    """Persistence for attachments and avatars"""
+
+    def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
+        super(MediaRepositoryStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
+
+    def get_local_media(self, media_id):
+        """Get the metadata for a local piece of media
+        Returns:
+            None if the media_id doesn't exist.
+        """
+        return self._simple_select_one(
+            "local_media_repository",
+            {"media_id": media_id},
+            (
+                "media_type",
+                "media_length",
+                "upload_name",
+                "created_ts",
+                "quarantined_by",
+                "url_cache",
+            ),
+            allow_none=True,
+            desc="get_local_media",
+        )
+
+    def store_local_media(
+        self,
+        media_id,
+        media_type,
+        time_now_ms,
+        upload_name,
+        media_length,
+        user_id,
+        url_cache=None,
+    ):
+        return self._simple_insert(
+            "local_media_repository",
+            {
+                "media_id": media_id,
+                "media_type": media_type,
+                "created_ts": time_now_ms,
+                "upload_name": upload_name,
+                "media_length": media_length,
+                "user_id": user_id.to_string(),
+                "url_cache": url_cache,
+            },
+            desc="store_local_media",
+        )
+
+    def get_url_cache(self, url, ts):
+        """Get the media_id and ts for a cached URL as of the given timestamp
+        Returns:
+            None if the URL isn't cached.
+        """
+
+        def get_url_cache_txn(txn):
+            # get the most recently cached result (relative to the given ts)
+            sql = (
+                "SELECT response_code, etag, expires_ts, og, media_id, download_ts"
+                " FROM local_media_repository_url_cache"
+                " WHERE url = ? AND download_ts <= ?"
+                " ORDER BY download_ts DESC LIMIT 1"
+            )
+            txn.execute(sql, (url, ts))
+            row = txn.fetchone()
+
+            if not row:
+                # ...or if we've requested a timestamp older than the oldest
+                # copy in the cache, return the oldest copy (if any)
+                sql = (
+                    "SELECT response_code, etag, expires_ts, og, media_id, download_ts"
+                    " FROM local_media_repository_url_cache"
+                    " WHERE url = ? AND download_ts > ?"
+                    " ORDER BY download_ts ASC LIMIT 1"
+                )
+                txn.execute(sql, (url, ts))
+                row = txn.fetchone()
+
+            if not row:
+                return None
+
+            return dict(
+                zip(
+                    (
+                        "response_code",
+                        "etag",
+                        "expires_ts",
+                        "og",
+                        "media_id",
+                        "download_ts",
+                    ),
+                    row,
+                )
+            )
+
+        return self.runInteraction("get_url_cache", get_url_cache_txn)
+
+    def store_url_cache(
+        self, url, response_code, etag, expires_ts, og, media_id, download_ts
+    ):
+        return self._simple_insert(
+            "local_media_repository_url_cache",
+            {
+                "url": url,
+                "response_code": response_code,
+                "etag": etag,
+                "expires_ts": expires_ts,
+                "og": og,
+                "media_id": media_id,
+                "download_ts": download_ts,
+            },
+            desc="store_url_cache",
+        )
+
+    def get_local_media_thumbnails(self, media_id):
+        return self._simple_select_list(
+            "local_media_repository_thumbnails",
+            {"media_id": media_id},
+            (
+                "thumbnail_width",
+                "thumbnail_height",
+                "thumbnail_method",
+                "thumbnail_type",
+                "thumbnail_length",
+            ),
+            desc="get_local_media_thumbnails",
+        )
+
+    def store_local_thumbnail(
+        self,
+        media_id,
+        thumbnail_width,
+        thumbnail_height,
+        thumbnail_type,
+        thumbnail_method,
+        thumbnail_length,
+    ):
+        return self._simple_insert(
+            "local_media_repository_thumbnails",
+            {
+                "media_id": media_id,
+                "thumbnail_width": thumbnail_width,
+                "thumbnail_height": thumbnail_height,
+                "thumbnail_method": thumbnail_method,
+                "thumbnail_type": thumbnail_type,
+                "thumbnail_length": thumbnail_length,
+            },
+            desc="store_local_thumbnail",
+        )
+
+    def get_cached_remote_media(self, origin, media_id):
+        return self._simple_select_one(
+            "remote_media_cache",
+            {"media_origin": origin, "media_id": media_id},
+            (
+                "media_type",
+                "media_length",
+                "upload_name",
+                "created_ts",
+                "filesystem_id",
+                "quarantined_by",
+            ),
+            allow_none=True,
+            desc="get_cached_remote_media",
+        )
+
+    def store_cached_remote_media(
+        self,
+        origin,
+        media_id,
+        media_type,
+        media_length,
+        time_now_ms,
+        upload_name,
+        filesystem_id,
+    ):
+        return self._simple_insert(
+            "remote_media_cache",
+            {
+                "media_origin": origin,
+                "media_id": media_id,
+                "media_type": media_type,
+                "media_length": media_length,
+                "created_ts": time_now_ms,
+                "upload_name": upload_name,
+                "filesystem_id": filesystem_id,
+                "last_access_ts": time_now_ms,
+            },
+            desc="store_cached_remote_media",
+        )
+
+    def update_cached_last_access_time(self, local_media, remote_media, time_ms):
+        """Updates the last access time of the given media
+
+        Args:
+            local_media (iterable[str]): Set of media_ids
+            remote_media (iterable[(str, str)]): Set of (server_name, media_id)
+            time_ms: Current time in milliseconds
+        """
+
+        def update_cache_txn(txn):
+            sql = (
+                "UPDATE remote_media_cache SET last_access_ts = ?"
+                " WHERE media_origin = ? AND media_id = ?"
+            )
+
+            txn.executemany(
+                sql,
+                (
+                    (time_ms, media_origin, media_id)
+                    for media_origin, media_id in remote_media
+                ),
+            )
+
+            sql = (
+                "UPDATE local_media_repository SET last_access_ts = ?"
+                " WHERE media_id = ?"
+            )
+
+            txn.executemany(sql, ((time_ms, media_id) for media_id in local_media))
+
+        return self.runInteraction("update_cached_last_access_time", update_cache_txn)
+
+    def get_remote_media_thumbnails(self, origin, media_id):
+        return self._simple_select_list(
+            "remote_media_cache_thumbnails",
+            {"media_origin": origin, "media_id": media_id},
+            (
+                "thumbnail_width",
+                "thumbnail_height",
+                "thumbnail_method",
+                "thumbnail_type",
+                "thumbnail_length",
+                "filesystem_id",
+            ),
+            desc="get_remote_media_thumbnails",
+        )
+
+    def store_remote_media_thumbnail(
+        self,
+        origin,
+        media_id,
+        filesystem_id,
+        thumbnail_width,
+        thumbnail_height,
+        thumbnail_type,
+        thumbnail_method,
+        thumbnail_length,
+    ):
+        return self._simple_insert(
+            "remote_media_cache_thumbnails",
+            {
+                "media_origin": origin,
+                "media_id": media_id,
+                "thumbnail_width": thumbnail_width,
+                "thumbnail_height": thumbnail_height,
+                "thumbnail_method": thumbnail_method,
+                "thumbnail_type": thumbnail_type,
+                "thumbnail_length": thumbnail_length,
+                "filesystem_id": filesystem_id,
+            },
+            desc="store_remote_media_thumbnail",
+        )
+
+    def get_remote_media_before(self, before_ts):
+        sql = (
+            "SELECT media_origin, media_id, filesystem_id"
+            " FROM remote_media_cache"
+            " WHERE last_access_ts < ?"
+        )
+
+        return self._execute(
+            "get_remote_media_before", self.cursor_to_dict, sql, before_ts
+        )
+
+    def delete_remote_media(self, media_origin, media_id):
+        def delete_remote_media_txn(txn):
+            self._simple_delete_txn(
+                txn,
+                "remote_media_cache",
+                keyvalues={"media_origin": media_origin, "media_id": media_id},
+            )
+            self._simple_delete_txn(
+                txn,
+                "remote_media_cache_thumbnails",
+                keyvalues={"media_origin": media_origin, "media_id": media_id},
+            )
+
+        return self.runInteraction("delete_remote_media", delete_remote_media_txn)
+
+    def get_expired_url_cache(self, now_ts):
+        sql = (
+            "SELECT media_id FROM local_media_repository_url_cache"
+            " WHERE expires_ts < ?"
+            " ORDER BY expires_ts ASC"
+            " LIMIT 500"
+        )
+
+        def _get_expired_url_cache_txn(txn):
+            txn.execute(sql, (now_ts,))
+            return [row[0] for row in txn]
+
+        return self.runInteraction("get_expired_url_cache", _get_expired_url_cache_txn)
+
+    def delete_url_cache(self, media_ids):
+        if len(media_ids) == 0:
+            return
+
+        sql = "DELETE FROM local_media_repository_url_cache" " WHERE media_id = ?"
+
+        def _delete_url_cache_txn(txn):
+            txn.executemany(sql, [(media_id,) for media_id in media_ids])
+
+        return self.runInteraction("delete_url_cache", _delete_url_cache_txn)
+
+    def get_url_cache_media_before(self, before_ts):
+        sql = (
+            "SELECT media_id FROM local_media_repository"
+            " WHERE created_ts < ? AND url_cache IS NOT NULL"
+            " ORDER BY created_ts ASC"
+            " LIMIT 500"
+        )
+
+        def _get_url_cache_media_before_txn(txn):
+            txn.execute(sql, (before_ts,))
+            return [row[0] for row in txn]
+
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "get_url_cache_media_before", _get_url_cache_media_before_txn
+        )
+
+    def delete_url_cache_media(self, media_ids):
+        if len(media_ids) == 0:
+            return
+
+        def _delete_url_cache_media_txn(txn):
+            sql = "DELETE FROM local_media_repository" " WHERE media_id = ?"
+
+            txn.executemany(sql, [(media_id,) for media_id in media_ids])
+
+            sql = "DELETE FROM local_media_repository_thumbnails" " WHERE media_id = ?"
+
+            txn.executemany(sql, [(media_id,) for media_id in media_ids])
+
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "delete_url_cache_media", _delete_url_cache_media_txn
+        )
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/monthly_active_users.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/monthly_active_users.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e6ee1e4aaa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/monthly_active_users.py
@@ -0,0 +1,328 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2018 New Vector
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+import logging
+
+from twisted.internet import defer
+
+from synapse.storage._base import SQLBaseStore
+from synapse.util.caches.descriptors import cached
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+# Number of msec of granularity to store the monthly_active_user timestamp
+# This means it is not necessary to update the table on every request
+LAST_SEEN_GRANULARITY = 60 * 60 * 1000
+
+
+class MonthlyActiveUsersStore(SQLBaseStore):
+    def __init__(self, dbconn, hs):
+        super(MonthlyActiveUsersStore, self).__init__(None, hs)
+        self._clock = hs.get_clock()
+        self.hs = hs
+        # Do not add more reserved users than the total allowable number
+        self._new_transaction(
+            dbconn,
+            "initialise_mau_threepids",
+            [],
+            [],
+            self._initialise_reserved_users,
+            hs.config.mau_limits_reserved_threepids[: self.hs.config.max_mau_value],
+        )
+
+    def _initialise_reserved_users(self, txn, threepids):
+        """Ensures that reserved threepids are accounted for in the MAU table, should
+        be called on start up.
+
+        Args:
+            txn (cursor):
+            threepids (list[dict]): List of threepid dicts to reserve
+        """
+
+        for tp in threepids:
+            user_id = self.get_user_id_by_threepid_txn(txn, tp["medium"], tp["address"])
+
+            if user_id:
+                is_support = self.is_support_user_txn(txn, user_id)
+                if not is_support:
+                    self.upsert_monthly_active_user_txn(txn, user_id)
+            else:
+                logger.warning("mau limit reserved threepid %s not found in db" % tp)
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def reap_monthly_active_users(self):
+        """Cleans out monthly active user table to ensure that no stale
+        entries exist.
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred[]
+        """
+
+        def _reap_users(txn, reserved_users):
+            """
+            Args:
+                reserved_users (tuple): reserved users to preserve
+            """
+
+            thirty_days_ago = int(self._clock.time_msec()) - (1000 * 60 * 60 * 24 * 30)
+            query_args = [thirty_days_ago]
+            base_sql = "DELETE FROM monthly_active_users WHERE timestamp < ?"
+
+            # Need if/else since 'AND user_id NOT IN ({})' fails on Postgres
+            # when len(reserved_users) == 0. Works fine on sqlite.
+            if len(reserved_users) > 0:
+                # questionmarks is a hack to overcome sqlite not supporting
+                # tuples in 'WHERE IN %s'
+                question_marks = ",".join("?" * len(reserved_users))
+
+                query_args.extend(reserved_users)
+                sql = base_sql + " AND user_id NOT IN ({})".format(question_marks)
+            else:
+                sql = base_sql
+
+            txn.execute(sql, query_args)
+
+            max_mau_value = self.hs.config.max_mau_value
+            if self.hs.config.limit_usage_by_mau:
+                # If MAU user count still exceeds the MAU threshold, then delete on
+                # a least recently active basis.
+                # Note it is not possible to write this query using OFFSET due to
+                # incompatibilities in how sqlite and postgres support the feature.
+                # sqlite requires 'LIMIT -1 OFFSET ?', the LIMIT must be present
+                # While Postgres does not require 'LIMIT', but also does not support
+                # negative LIMIT values. So there is no way to write it that both can
+                # support
+                if len(reserved_users) == 0:
+                    sql = """
+                        DELETE FROM monthly_active_users
+                        WHERE user_id NOT IN (
+                            SELECT user_id FROM monthly_active_users
+                            ORDER BY timestamp DESC
+                            LIMIT ?
+                        )
+                        """
+                    txn.execute(sql, (max_mau_value,))
+                # Need if/else since 'AND user_id NOT IN ({})' fails on Postgres
+                # when len(reserved_users) == 0. Works fine on sqlite.
+                else:
+                    # Must be >= 0 for postgres
+                    num_of_non_reserved_users_to_remove = max(
+                        max_mau_value - len(reserved_users), 0
+                    )
+
+                    # It is important to filter reserved users twice to guard
+                    # against the case where the reserved user is present in the
+                    # SELECT, meaning that a legitmate mau is deleted.
+                    sql = """
+                        DELETE FROM monthly_active_users
+                        WHERE user_id NOT IN (
+                            SELECT user_id FROM monthly_active_users
+                            WHERE user_id NOT IN ({})
+                            ORDER BY timestamp DESC
+                            LIMIT ?
+                        )
+                        AND user_id NOT IN ({})
+                    """.format(
+                        question_marks, question_marks
+                    )
+
+                    query_args = [
+                        *reserved_users,
+                        num_of_non_reserved_users_to_remove,
+                        *reserved_users,
+                    ]
+
+                    txn.execute(sql, query_args)
+
+        reserved_users = yield self.get_registered_reserved_users()
+        yield self.runInteraction(
+            "reap_monthly_active_users", _reap_users, reserved_users
+        )
+        # It seems poor to invalidate the whole cache, Postgres supports
+        # 'Returning' which would allow me to invalidate only the
+        # specific users, but sqlite has no way to do this and instead
+        # I would need to SELECT and the DELETE which without locking
+        # is racy.
+        # Have resolved to invalidate the whole cache for now and do
+        # something about it if and when the perf becomes significant
+        self.user_last_seen_monthly_active.invalidate_all()
+        self.get_monthly_active_count.invalidate_all()
+
+    @cached(num_args=0)
+    def get_monthly_active_count(self):
+        """Generates current count of monthly active users
+
+        Returns:
+            Defered[int]: Number of current monthly active users
+        """
+
+        def _count_users(txn):
+            sql = "SELECT COALESCE(count(*), 0) FROM monthly_active_users"
+
+            txn.execute(sql)
+            count, = txn.fetchone()
+            return count
+
+        return self.runInteraction("count_users", _count_users)
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_registered_reserved_users(self):
+        """Of the reserved threepids defined in config, which are associated
+        with registered users?
+
+        Returns:
+            Defered[list]: Real reserved users
+        """
+        users = []
+
+        for tp in self.hs.config.mau_limits_reserved_threepids[
+            : self.hs.config.max_mau_value
+        ]:
+            user_id = yield self.hs.get_datastore().get_user_id_by_threepid(
+                tp["medium"], tp["address"]
+            )
+            if user_id:
+                users.append(user_id)
+
+        return users
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def upsert_monthly_active_user(self, user_id):
+        """Updates or inserts the user into the monthly active user table, which
+        is used to track the current MAU usage of the server
+
+        Args:
+            user_id (str): user to add/update
+        """
+        # Support user never to be included in MAU stats. Note I can't easily call this
+        # from upsert_monthly_active_user_txn because then I need a _txn form of
+        # is_support_user which is complicated because I want to cache the result.
+        # Therefore I call it here and ignore the case where
+        # upsert_monthly_active_user_txn is called directly from
+        # _initialise_reserved_users reasoning that it would be very strange to
+        #  include a support user in this context.
+
+        is_support = yield self.is_support_user(user_id)
+        if is_support:
+            return
+
+        yield self.runInteraction(
+            "upsert_monthly_active_user", self.upsert_monthly_active_user_txn, user_id
+        )
+
+        user_in_mau = self.user_last_seen_monthly_active.cache.get(
+            (user_id,), None, update_metrics=False
+        )
+        if user_in_mau is None:
+            self.get_monthly_active_count.invalidate(())
+
+        self.user_last_seen_monthly_active.invalidate((user_id,))
+
+    def upsert_monthly_active_user_txn(self, txn, user_id):
+        """Updates or inserts monthly active user member
+
+        Note that, after calling this method, it will generally be necessary
+        to invalidate the caches on user_last_seen_monthly_active and
+        get_monthly_active_count. We can't do that here, because we are running
+        in a database thread rather than the main thread, and we can't call
+        txn.call_after because txn may not be a LoggingTransaction.
+
+        We consciously do not call is_support_txn from this method because it
+        is not possible to cache the response. is_support_txn will be false in
+        almost all cases, so it seems reasonable to call it only for
+        upsert_monthly_active_user and to call is_support_txn manually
+        for cases where upsert_monthly_active_user_txn is called directly,
+        like _initialise_reserved_users
+
+        In short, don't call this method with support users. (Support users
+        should not appear in the MAU stats).
+
+        Args:
+            txn (cursor):
+            user_id (str): user to add/update
+
+        Returns:
+            bool: True if a new entry was created, False if an
+            existing one was updated.
+        """
+
+        # Am consciously deciding to lock the table on the basis that is ought
+        # never be a big table and alternative approaches (batching multiple
+        # upserts into a single txn) introduced a lot of extra complexity.
+        # See https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/3854 for more
+        is_insert = self._simple_upsert_txn(
+            txn,
+            table="monthly_active_users",
+            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
+            values={"timestamp": int(self._clock.time_msec())},
+        )
+
+        return is_insert
+
+    @cached(num_args=1)
+    def user_last_seen_monthly_active(self, user_id):
+        """
+            Checks if a given user is part of the monthly active user group
+            Arguments:
+                user_id (str): user to add/update
+            Return:
+                Deferred[int] : timestamp since last seen, None if never seen
+
+        """
+
+        return self._simple_select_one_onecol(
+            table="monthly_active_users",
+            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
+            retcol="timestamp",
+            allow_none=True,
+            desc="user_last_seen_monthly_active",
+        )
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def populate_monthly_active_users(self, user_id):
+        """Checks on the state of monthly active user limits and optionally
+        add the user to the monthly active tables
+
+        Args:
+            user_id(str): the user_id to query
+        """
+        if self.hs.config.limit_usage_by_mau or self.hs.config.mau_stats_only:
+            # Trial users and guests should not be included as part of MAU group
+            is_guest = yield self.is_guest(user_id)
+            if is_guest:
+                return
+            is_trial = yield self.is_trial_user(user_id)
+            if is_trial:
+                return
+
+            last_seen_timestamp = yield self.user_last_seen_monthly_active(user_id)
+            now = self.hs.get_clock().time_msec()
+
+            # We want to reduce to the total number of db writes, and are happy
+            # to trade accuracy of timestamp in order to lighten load. This means
+            # We always insert new users (where MAU threshold has not been reached),
+            # but only update if we have not previously seen the user for
+            # LAST_SEEN_GRANULARITY ms
+            if last_seen_timestamp is None:
+                # In the case where mau_stats_only is True and limit_usage_by_mau is
+                # False, there is no point in checking get_monthly_active_count - it
+                # adds no value and will break the logic if max_mau_value is exceeded.
+                if not self.hs.config.limit_usage_by_mau:
+                    yield self.upsert_monthly_active_user(user_id)
+                else:
+                    count = yield self.get_monthly_active_count()
+                    if count < self.hs.config.max_mau_value:
+                        yield self.upsert_monthly_active_user(user_id)
+            elif now - last_seen_timestamp > LAST_SEEN_GRANULARITY:
+                yield self.upsert_monthly_active_user(user_id)
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/openid.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/openid.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..79b40044d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/openid.py
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+from synapse.storage._base import SQLBaseStore
+
+
+class OpenIdStore(SQLBaseStore):
+    def insert_open_id_token(self, token, ts_valid_until_ms, user_id):
+        return self._simple_insert(
+            table="open_id_tokens",
+            values={
+                "token": token,
+                "ts_valid_until_ms": ts_valid_until_ms,
+                "user_id": user_id,
+            },
+            desc="insert_open_id_token",
+        )
+
+    def get_user_id_for_open_id_token(self, token, ts_now_ms):
+        def get_user_id_for_token_txn(txn):
+            sql = (
+                "SELECT user_id FROM open_id_tokens"
+                " WHERE token = ? AND ? <= ts_valid_until_ms"
+            )
+
+            txn.execute(sql, (token, ts_now_ms))
+
+            rows = txn.fetchall()
+            if not rows:
+                return None
+            else:
+                return rows[0][0]
+
+        return self.runInteraction("get_user_id_for_token", get_user_id_for_token_txn)
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/presence.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/presence.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..523ed6575e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/presence.py
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+from twisted.internet import defer
+
+from synapse.storage._base import SQLBaseStore, make_in_list_sql_clause
+from synapse.storage.presence import UserPresenceState
+from synapse.util import batch_iter
+from synapse.util.caches.descriptors import cached, cachedList
+
+
+class PresenceStore(SQLBaseStore):
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def update_presence(self, presence_states):
+        stream_ordering_manager = self._presence_id_gen.get_next_mult(
+            len(presence_states)
+        )
+
+        with stream_ordering_manager as stream_orderings:
+            yield self.runInteraction(
+                "update_presence",
+                self._update_presence_txn,
+                stream_orderings,
+                presence_states,
+            )
+
+        return stream_orderings[-1], self._presence_id_gen.get_current_token()
+
+    def _update_presence_txn(self, txn, stream_orderings, presence_states):
+        for stream_id, state in zip(stream_orderings, presence_states):
+            txn.call_after(
+                self.presence_stream_cache.entity_has_changed, state.user_id, stream_id
+            )
+            txn.call_after(self._get_presence_for_user.invalidate, (state.user_id,))
+
+        # Actually insert new rows
+        self._simple_insert_many_txn(
+            txn,
+            table="presence_stream",
+            values=[
+                {
+                    "stream_id": stream_id,
+                    "user_id": state.user_id,
+                    "state": state.state,
+                    "last_active_ts": state.last_active_ts,
+                    "last_federation_update_ts": state.last_federation_update_ts,
+                    "last_user_sync_ts": state.last_user_sync_ts,
+                    "status_msg": state.status_msg,
+                    "currently_active": state.currently_active,
+                }
+                for state in presence_states
+            ],
+        )
+
+        # Delete old rows to stop database from getting really big
+        sql = "DELETE FROM presence_stream WHERE stream_id < ? AND "
+
+        for states in batch_iter(presence_states, 50):
+            clause, args = make_in_list_sql_clause(
+                self.database_engine, "user_id", [s.user_id for s in states]
+            )
+            txn.execute(sql + clause, [stream_id] + list(args))
+
+    def get_all_presence_updates(self, last_id, current_id):
+        if last_id == current_id:
+            return defer.succeed([])
+
+        def get_all_presence_updates_txn(txn):
+            sql = (
+                "SELECT stream_id, user_id, state, last_active_ts,"
+                " last_federation_update_ts, last_user_sync_ts, status_msg,"
+                " currently_active"
+                " FROM presence_stream"
+                " WHERE ? < stream_id AND stream_id <= ?"
+            )
+            txn.execute(sql, (last_id, current_id))
+            return txn.fetchall()
+
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "get_all_presence_updates", get_all_presence_updates_txn
+        )
+
+    @cached()
+    def _get_presence_for_user(self, user_id):
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    @cachedList(
+        cached_method_name="_get_presence_for_user",
+        list_name="user_ids",
+        num_args=1,
+        inlineCallbacks=True,
+    )
+    def get_presence_for_users(self, user_ids):
+        rows = yield self._simple_select_many_batch(
+            table="presence_stream",
+            column="user_id",
+            iterable=user_ids,
+            keyvalues={},
+            retcols=(
+                "user_id",
+                "state",
+                "last_active_ts",
+                "last_federation_update_ts",
+                "last_user_sync_ts",
+                "status_msg",
+                "currently_active",
+            ),
+            desc="get_presence_for_users",
+        )
+
+        for row in rows:
+            row["currently_active"] = bool(row["currently_active"])
+
+        return {row["user_id"]: UserPresenceState(**row) for row in rows}
+
+    def get_current_presence_token(self):
+        return self._presence_id_gen.get_current_token()
+
+    def allow_presence_visible(self, observed_localpart, observer_userid):
+        return self._simple_insert(
+            table="presence_allow_inbound",
+            values={
+                "observed_user_id": observed_localpart,
+                "observer_user_id": observer_userid,
+            },
+            desc="allow_presence_visible",
+            or_ignore=True,
+        )
+
+    def disallow_presence_visible(self, observed_localpart, observer_userid):
+        return self._simple_delete_one(
+            table="presence_allow_inbound",
+            keyvalues={
+                "observed_user_id": observed_localpart,
+                "observer_user_id": observer_userid,
+            },
+            desc="disallow_presence_visible",
+        )
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/profile.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/profile.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e4e8a1c1d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/profile.py
@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+from twisted.internet import defer
+
+from synapse.api.errors import StoreError
+from synapse.storage._base import SQLBaseStore
+from synapse.storage.data_stores.main.roommember import ProfileInfo
+
+
+class ProfileWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_profileinfo(self, user_localpart):
+        try:
+            profile = yield self._simple_select_one(
+                table="profiles",
+                keyvalues={"user_id": user_localpart},
+                retcols=("displayname", "avatar_url"),
+                desc="get_profileinfo",
+            )
+        except StoreError as e:
+            if e.code == 404:
+                # no match
+                return ProfileInfo(None, None)
+            else:
+                raise
+
+        return ProfileInfo(
+            avatar_url=profile["avatar_url"], display_name=profile["displayname"]
+        )
+
+    def get_profile_displayname(self, user_localpart):
+        return self._simple_select_one_onecol(
+            table="profiles",
+            keyvalues={"user_id": user_localpart},
+            retcol="displayname",
+            desc="get_profile_displayname",
+        )
+
+    def get_profile_avatar_url(self, user_localpart):
+        return self._simple_select_one_onecol(
+            table="profiles",
+            keyvalues={"user_id": user_localpart},
+            retcol="avatar_url",
+            desc="get_profile_avatar_url",
+        )
+
+    def get_from_remote_profile_cache(self, user_id):
+        return self._simple_select_one(
+            table="remote_profile_cache",
+            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
+            retcols=("displayname", "avatar_url"),
+            allow_none=True,
+            desc="get_from_remote_profile_cache",
+        )
+
+    def create_profile(self, user_localpart):
+        return self._simple_insert(
+            table="profiles", values={"user_id": user_localpart}, desc="create_profile"
+        )
+
+    def set_profile_displayname(self, user_localpart, new_displayname):
+        return self._simple_update_one(
+            table="profiles",
+            keyvalues={"user_id": user_localpart},
+            updatevalues={"displayname": new_displayname},
+            desc="set_profile_displayname",
+        )
+
+    def set_profile_avatar_url(self, user_localpart, new_avatar_url):
+        return self._simple_update_one(
+            table="profiles",
+            keyvalues={"user_id": user_localpart},
+            updatevalues={"avatar_url": new_avatar_url},
+            desc="set_profile_avatar_url",
+        )
+
+
+class ProfileStore(ProfileWorkerStore):
+    def add_remote_profile_cache(self, user_id, displayname, avatar_url):
+        """Ensure we are caching the remote user's profiles.
+
+        This should only be called when `is_subscribed_remote_profile_for_user`
+        would return true for the user.
+        """
+        return self._simple_upsert(
+            table="remote_profile_cache",
+            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
+            values={
+                "displayname": displayname,
+                "avatar_url": avatar_url,
+                "last_check": self._clock.time_msec(),
+            },
+            desc="add_remote_profile_cache",
+        )
+
+    def update_remote_profile_cache(self, user_id, displayname, avatar_url):
+        return self._simple_update(
+            table="remote_profile_cache",
+            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
+            values={
+                "displayname": displayname,
+                "avatar_url": avatar_url,
+                "last_check": self._clock.time_msec(),
+            },
+            desc="update_remote_profile_cache",
+        )
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def maybe_delete_remote_profile_cache(self, user_id):
+        """Check if we still care about the remote user's profile, and if we
+        don't then remove their profile from the cache
+        """
+        subscribed = yield self.is_subscribed_remote_profile_for_user(user_id)
+        if not subscribed:
+            yield self._simple_delete(
+                table="remote_profile_cache",
+                keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
+                desc="delete_remote_profile_cache",
+            )
+
+    def get_remote_profile_cache_entries_that_expire(self, last_checked):
+        """Get all users who haven't been checked since `last_checked`
+        """
+
+        def _get_remote_profile_cache_entries_that_expire_txn(txn):
+            sql = """
+                SELECT user_id, displayname, avatar_url
+                FROM remote_profile_cache
+                WHERE last_check < ?
+            """
+
+            txn.execute(sql, (last_checked,))
+
+            return self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
+
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "get_remote_profile_cache_entries_that_expire",
+            _get_remote_profile_cache_entries_that_expire_txn,
+        )
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def is_subscribed_remote_profile_for_user(self, user_id):
+        """Check whether we are interested in a remote user's profile.
+        """
+        res = yield self._simple_select_one_onecol(
+            table="group_users",
+            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
+            retcol="user_id",
+            allow_none=True,
+            desc="should_update_remote_profile_cache_for_user",
+        )
+
+        if res:
+            return True
+
+        res = yield self._simple_select_one_onecol(
+            table="group_invites",
+            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
+            retcol="user_id",
+            allow_none=True,
+            desc="should_update_remote_profile_cache_for_user",
+        )
+
+        if res:
+            return True
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/push_rule.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/push_rule.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cd95f1ce60
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/push_rule.py
@@ -0,0 +1,713 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+# Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import abc
+import logging
+
+from canonicaljson import json
+
+from twisted.internet import defer
+
+from synapse.push.baserules import list_with_base_rules
+from synapse.storage._base import SQLBaseStore
+from synapse.storage.data_stores.main.appservice import ApplicationServiceWorkerStore
+from synapse.storage.data_stores.main.pusher import PusherWorkerStore
+from synapse.storage.data_stores.main.receipts import ReceiptsWorkerStore
+from synapse.storage.data_stores.main.roommember import RoomMemberWorkerStore
+from synapse.storage.push_rule import InconsistentRuleException, RuleNotFoundException
+from synapse.util.caches.descriptors import cachedInlineCallbacks, cachedList
+from synapse.util.caches.stream_change_cache import StreamChangeCache
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def _load_rules(rawrules, enabled_map):
+    ruleslist = []
+    for rawrule in rawrules:
+        rule = dict(rawrule)
+        rule["conditions"] = json.loads(rawrule["conditions"])
+        rule["actions"] = json.loads(rawrule["actions"])
+        ruleslist.append(rule)
+
+    # We're going to be mutating this a lot, so do a deep copy
+    rules = list(list_with_base_rules(ruleslist))
+
+    for i, rule in enumerate(rules):
+        rule_id = rule["rule_id"]
+        if rule_id in enabled_map:
+            if rule.get("enabled", True) != bool(enabled_map[rule_id]):
+                # Rules are cached across users.
+                rule = dict(rule)
+                rule["enabled"] = bool(enabled_map[rule_id])
+                rules[i] = rule
+
+    return rules
+
+
+class PushRulesWorkerStore(
+    ApplicationServiceWorkerStore,
+    ReceiptsWorkerStore,
+    PusherWorkerStore,
+    RoomMemberWorkerStore,
+    SQLBaseStore,
+):
+    """This is an abstract base class where subclasses must implement
+    `get_max_push_rules_stream_id` which can be called in the initializer.
+    """
+
+    # This ABCMeta metaclass ensures that we cannot be instantiated without
+    # the abstract methods being implemented.
+    __metaclass__ = abc.ABCMeta
+
+    def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
+        super(PushRulesWorkerStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
+
+        push_rules_prefill, push_rules_id = self._get_cache_dict(
+            db_conn,
+            "push_rules_stream",
+            entity_column="user_id",
+            stream_column="stream_id",
+            max_value=self.get_max_push_rules_stream_id(),
+        )
+
+        self.push_rules_stream_cache = StreamChangeCache(
+            "PushRulesStreamChangeCache",
+            push_rules_id,
+            prefilled_cache=push_rules_prefill,
+        )
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def get_max_push_rules_stream_id(self):
+        """Get the position of the push rules stream.
+
+        Returns:
+            int
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    @cachedInlineCallbacks(max_entries=5000)
+    def get_push_rules_for_user(self, user_id):
+        rows = yield self._simple_select_list(
+            table="push_rules",
+            keyvalues={"user_name": user_id},
+            retcols=(
+                "user_name",
+                "rule_id",
+                "priority_class",
+                "priority",
+                "conditions",
+                "actions",
+            ),
+            desc="get_push_rules_enabled_for_user",
+        )
+
+        rows.sort(key=lambda row: (-int(row["priority_class"]), -int(row["priority"])))
+
+        enabled_map = yield self.get_push_rules_enabled_for_user(user_id)
+
+        rules = _load_rules(rows, enabled_map)
+
+        return rules
+
+    @cachedInlineCallbacks(max_entries=5000)
+    def get_push_rules_enabled_for_user(self, user_id):
+        results = yield self._simple_select_list(
+            table="push_rules_enable",
+            keyvalues={"user_name": user_id},
+            retcols=("user_name", "rule_id", "enabled"),
+            desc="get_push_rules_enabled_for_user",
+        )
+        return {r["rule_id"]: False if r["enabled"] == 0 else True for r in results}
+
+    def have_push_rules_changed_for_user(self, user_id, last_id):
+        if not self.push_rules_stream_cache.has_entity_changed(user_id, last_id):
+            return defer.succeed(False)
+        else:
+
+            def have_push_rules_changed_txn(txn):
+                sql = (
+                    "SELECT COUNT(stream_id) FROM push_rules_stream"
+                    " WHERE user_id = ? AND ? < stream_id"
+                )
+                txn.execute(sql, (user_id, last_id))
+                count, = txn.fetchone()
+                return bool(count)
+
+            return self.runInteraction(
+                "have_push_rules_changed", have_push_rules_changed_txn
+            )
+
+    @cachedList(
+        cached_method_name="get_push_rules_for_user",
+        list_name="user_ids",
+        num_args=1,
+        inlineCallbacks=True,
+    )
+    def bulk_get_push_rules(self, user_ids):
+        if not user_ids:
+            return {}
+
+        results = {user_id: [] for user_id in user_ids}
+
+        rows = yield self._simple_select_many_batch(
+            table="push_rules",
+            column="user_name",
+            iterable=user_ids,
+            retcols=("*",),
+            desc="bulk_get_push_rules",
+        )
+
+        rows.sort(key=lambda row: (-int(row["priority_class"]), -int(row["priority"])))
+
+        for row in rows:
+            results.setdefault(row["user_name"], []).append(row)
+
+        enabled_map_by_user = yield self.bulk_get_push_rules_enabled(user_ids)
+
+        for user_id, rules in results.items():
+            results[user_id] = _load_rules(rules, enabled_map_by_user.get(user_id, {}))
+
+        return results
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def copy_push_rule_from_room_to_room(self, new_room_id, user_id, rule):
+        """Copy a single push rule from one room to another for a specific user.
+
+        Args:
+            new_room_id (str): ID of the new room.
+            user_id (str): ID of user the push rule belongs to.
+            rule (Dict): A push rule.
+        """
+        # Create new rule id
+        rule_id_scope = "/".join(rule["rule_id"].split("/")[:-1])
+        new_rule_id = rule_id_scope + "/" + new_room_id
+
+        # Change room id in each condition
+        for condition in rule.get("conditions", []):
+            if condition.get("key") == "room_id":
+                condition["pattern"] = new_room_id
+
+        # Add the rule for the new room
+        yield self.add_push_rule(
+            user_id=user_id,
+            rule_id=new_rule_id,
+            priority_class=rule["priority_class"],
+            conditions=rule["conditions"],
+            actions=rule["actions"],
+        )
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def copy_push_rules_from_room_to_room_for_user(
+        self, old_room_id, new_room_id, user_id
+    ):
+        """Copy all of the push rules from one room to another for a specific
+        user.
+
+        Args:
+            old_room_id (str): ID of the old room.
+            new_room_id (str): ID of the new room.
+            user_id (str): ID of user to copy push rules for.
+        """
+        # Retrieve push rules for this user
+        user_push_rules = yield self.get_push_rules_for_user(user_id)
+
+        # Get rules relating to the old room and copy them to the new room
+        for rule in user_push_rules:
+            conditions = rule.get("conditions", [])
+            if any(
+                (c.get("key") == "room_id" and c.get("pattern") == old_room_id)
+                for c in conditions
+            ):
+                yield self.copy_push_rule_from_room_to_room(new_room_id, user_id, rule)
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def bulk_get_push_rules_for_room(self, event, context):
+        state_group = context.state_group
+        if not state_group:
+            # If state_group is None it means it has yet to be assigned a
+            # state group, i.e. we need to make sure that calls with a state_group
+            # of None don't hit previous cached calls with a None state_group.
+            # To do this we set the state_group to a new object as object() != object()
+            state_group = object()
+
+        current_state_ids = yield context.get_current_state_ids(self)
+        result = yield self._bulk_get_push_rules_for_room(
+            event.room_id, state_group, current_state_ids, event=event
+        )
+        return result
+
+    @cachedInlineCallbacks(num_args=2, cache_context=True)
+    def _bulk_get_push_rules_for_room(
+        self, room_id, state_group, current_state_ids, cache_context, event=None
+    ):
+        # We don't use `state_group`, its there so that we can cache based
+        # on it. However, its important that its never None, since two current_state's
+        # with a state_group of None are likely to be different.
+        # See bulk_get_push_rules_for_room for how we work around this.
+        assert state_group is not None
+
+        # We also will want to generate notifs for other people in the room so
+        # their unread countss are correct in the event stream, but to avoid
+        # generating them for bot / AS users etc, we only do so for people who've
+        # sent a read receipt into the room.
+
+        users_in_room = yield self._get_joined_users_from_context(
+            room_id,
+            state_group,
+            current_state_ids,
+            on_invalidate=cache_context.invalidate,
+            event=event,
+        )
+
+        # We ignore app service users for now. This is so that we don't fill
+        # up the `get_if_users_have_pushers` cache with AS entries that we
+        # know don't have pushers, nor even read receipts.
+        local_users_in_room = set(
+            u
+            for u in users_in_room
+            if self.hs.is_mine_id(u)
+            and not self.get_if_app_services_interested_in_user(u)
+        )
+
+        # users in the room who have pushers need to get push rules run because
+        # that's how their pushers work
+        if_users_with_pushers = yield self.get_if_users_have_pushers(
+            local_users_in_room, on_invalidate=cache_context.invalidate
+        )
+        user_ids = set(
+            uid for uid, have_pusher in if_users_with_pushers.items() if have_pusher
+        )
+
+        users_with_receipts = yield self.get_users_with_read_receipts_in_room(
+            room_id, on_invalidate=cache_context.invalidate
+        )
+
+        # any users with pushers must be ours: they have pushers
+        for uid in users_with_receipts:
+            if uid in local_users_in_room:
+                user_ids.add(uid)
+
+        rules_by_user = yield self.bulk_get_push_rules(
+            user_ids, on_invalidate=cache_context.invalidate
+        )
+
+        rules_by_user = {k: v for k, v in rules_by_user.items() if v is not None}
+
+        return rules_by_user
+
+    @cachedList(
+        cached_method_name="get_push_rules_enabled_for_user",
+        list_name="user_ids",
+        num_args=1,
+        inlineCallbacks=True,
+    )
+    def bulk_get_push_rules_enabled(self, user_ids):
+        if not user_ids:
+            return {}
+
+        results = {user_id: {} for user_id in user_ids}
+
+        rows = yield self._simple_select_many_batch(
+            table="push_rules_enable",
+            column="user_name",
+            iterable=user_ids,
+            retcols=("user_name", "rule_id", "enabled"),
+            desc="bulk_get_push_rules_enabled",
+        )
+        for row in rows:
+            enabled = bool(row["enabled"])
+            results.setdefault(row["user_name"], {})[row["rule_id"]] = enabled
+        return results
+
+
+class PushRuleStore(PushRulesWorkerStore):
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def add_push_rule(
+        self,
+        user_id,
+        rule_id,
+        priority_class,
+        conditions,
+        actions,
+        before=None,
+        after=None,
+    ):
+        conditions_json = json.dumps(conditions)
+        actions_json = json.dumps(actions)
+        with self._push_rules_stream_id_gen.get_next() as ids:
+            stream_id, event_stream_ordering = ids
+            if before or after:
+                yield self.runInteraction(
+                    "_add_push_rule_relative_txn",
+                    self._add_push_rule_relative_txn,
+                    stream_id,
+                    event_stream_ordering,
+                    user_id,
+                    rule_id,
+                    priority_class,
+                    conditions_json,
+                    actions_json,
+                    before,
+                    after,
+                )
+            else:
+                yield self.runInteraction(
+                    "_add_push_rule_highest_priority_txn",
+                    self._add_push_rule_highest_priority_txn,
+                    stream_id,
+                    event_stream_ordering,
+                    user_id,
+                    rule_id,
+                    priority_class,
+                    conditions_json,
+                    actions_json,
+                )
+
+    def _add_push_rule_relative_txn(
+        self,
+        txn,
+        stream_id,
+        event_stream_ordering,
+        user_id,
+        rule_id,
+        priority_class,
+        conditions_json,
+        actions_json,
+        before,
+        after,
+    ):
+        # Lock the table since otherwise we'll have annoying races between the
+        # SELECT here and the UPSERT below.
+        self.database_engine.lock_table(txn, "push_rules")
+
+        relative_to_rule = before or after
+
+        res = self._simple_select_one_txn(
+            txn,
+            table="push_rules",
+            keyvalues={"user_name": user_id, "rule_id": relative_to_rule},
+            retcols=["priority_class", "priority"],
+            allow_none=True,
+        )
+
+        if not res:
+            raise RuleNotFoundException(
+                "before/after rule not found: %s" % (relative_to_rule,)
+            )
+
+        base_priority_class = res["priority_class"]
+        base_rule_priority = res["priority"]
+
+        if base_priority_class != priority_class:
+            raise InconsistentRuleException(
+                "Given priority class does not match class of relative rule"
+            )
+
+        if before:
+            # Higher priority rules are executed first, So adding a rule before
+            # a rule means giving it a higher priority than that rule.
+            new_rule_priority = base_rule_priority + 1
+        else:
+            # We increment the priority of the existing rules to make space for
+            # the new rule. Therefore if we want this rule to appear after
+            # an existing rule we give it the priority of the existing rule,
+            # and then increment the priority of the existing rule.
+            new_rule_priority = base_rule_priority
+
+        sql = (
+            "UPDATE push_rules SET priority = priority + 1"
+            " WHERE user_name = ? AND priority_class = ? AND priority >= ?"
+        )
+
+        txn.execute(sql, (user_id, priority_class, new_rule_priority))
+
+        self._upsert_push_rule_txn(
+            txn,
+            stream_id,
+            event_stream_ordering,
+            user_id,
+            rule_id,
+            priority_class,
+            new_rule_priority,
+            conditions_json,
+            actions_json,
+        )
+
+    def _add_push_rule_highest_priority_txn(
+        self,
+        txn,
+        stream_id,
+        event_stream_ordering,
+        user_id,
+        rule_id,
+        priority_class,
+        conditions_json,
+        actions_json,
+    ):
+        # Lock the table since otherwise we'll have annoying races between the
+        # SELECT here and the UPSERT below.
+        self.database_engine.lock_table(txn, "push_rules")
+
+        # find the highest priority rule in that class
+        sql = (
+            "SELECT COUNT(*), MAX(priority) FROM push_rules"
+            " WHERE user_name = ? and priority_class = ?"
+        )
+        txn.execute(sql, (user_id, priority_class))
+        res = txn.fetchall()
+        (how_many, highest_prio) = res[0]
+
+        new_prio = 0
+        if how_many > 0:
+            new_prio = highest_prio + 1
+
+        self._upsert_push_rule_txn(
+            txn,
+            stream_id,
+            event_stream_ordering,
+            user_id,
+            rule_id,
+            priority_class,
+            new_prio,
+            conditions_json,
+            actions_json,
+        )
+
+    def _upsert_push_rule_txn(
+        self,
+        txn,
+        stream_id,
+        event_stream_ordering,
+        user_id,
+        rule_id,
+        priority_class,
+        priority,
+        conditions_json,
+        actions_json,
+        update_stream=True,
+    ):
+        """Specialised version of _simple_upsert_txn that picks a push_rule_id
+        using the _push_rule_id_gen if it needs to insert the rule. It assumes
+        that the "push_rules" table is locked"""
+
+        sql = (
+            "UPDATE push_rules"
+            " SET priority_class = ?, priority = ?, conditions = ?, actions = ?"
+            " WHERE user_name = ? AND rule_id = ?"
+        )
+
+        txn.execute(
+            sql,
+            (priority_class, priority, conditions_json, actions_json, user_id, rule_id),
+        )
+
+        if txn.rowcount == 0:
+            # We didn't update a row with the given rule_id so insert one
+            push_rule_id = self._push_rule_id_gen.get_next()
+
+            self._simple_insert_txn(
+                txn,
+                table="push_rules",
+                values={
+                    "id": push_rule_id,
+                    "user_name": user_id,
+                    "rule_id": rule_id,
+                    "priority_class": priority_class,
+                    "priority": priority,
+                    "conditions": conditions_json,
+                    "actions": actions_json,
+                },
+            )
+
+        if update_stream:
+            self._insert_push_rules_update_txn(
+                txn,
+                stream_id,
+                event_stream_ordering,
+                user_id,
+                rule_id,
+                op="ADD",
+                data={
+                    "priority_class": priority_class,
+                    "priority": priority,
+                    "conditions": conditions_json,
+                    "actions": actions_json,
+                },
+            )
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def delete_push_rule(self, user_id, rule_id):
+        """
+        Delete a push rule. Args specify the row to be deleted and can be
+        any of the columns in the push_rule table, but below are the
+        standard ones
+
+        Args:
+            user_id (str): The matrix ID of the push rule owner
+            rule_id (str): The rule_id of the rule to be deleted
+        """
+
+        def delete_push_rule_txn(txn, stream_id, event_stream_ordering):
+            self._simple_delete_one_txn(
+                txn, "push_rules", {"user_name": user_id, "rule_id": rule_id}
+            )
+
+            self._insert_push_rules_update_txn(
+                txn, stream_id, event_stream_ordering, user_id, rule_id, op="DELETE"
+            )
+
+        with self._push_rules_stream_id_gen.get_next() as ids:
+            stream_id, event_stream_ordering = ids
+            yield self.runInteraction(
+                "delete_push_rule",
+                delete_push_rule_txn,
+                stream_id,
+                event_stream_ordering,
+            )
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def set_push_rule_enabled(self, user_id, rule_id, enabled):
+        with self._push_rules_stream_id_gen.get_next() as ids:
+            stream_id, event_stream_ordering = ids
+            yield self.runInteraction(
+                "_set_push_rule_enabled_txn",
+                self._set_push_rule_enabled_txn,
+                stream_id,
+                event_stream_ordering,
+                user_id,
+                rule_id,
+                enabled,
+            )
+
+    def _set_push_rule_enabled_txn(
+        self, txn, stream_id, event_stream_ordering, user_id, rule_id, enabled
+    ):
+        new_id = self._push_rules_enable_id_gen.get_next()
+        self._simple_upsert_txn(
+            txn,
+            "push_rules_enable",
+            {"user_name": user_id, "rule_id": rule_id},
+            {"enabled": 1 if enabled else 0},
+            {"id": new_id},
+        )
+
+        self._insert_push_rules_update_txn(
+            txn,
+            stream_id,
+            event_stream_ordering,
+            user_id,
+            rule_id,
+            op="ENABLE" if enabled else "DISABLE",
+        )
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def set_push_rule_actions(self, user_id, rule_id, actions, is_default_rule):
+        actions_json = json.dumps(actions)
+
+        def set_push_rule_actions_txn(txn, stream_id, event_stream_ordering):
+            if is_default_rule:
+                # Add a dummy rule to the rules table with the user specified
+                # actions.
+                priority_class = -1
+                priority = 1
+                self._upsert_push_rule_txn(
+                    txn,
+                    stream_id,
+                    event_stream_ordering,
+                    user_id,
+                    rule_id,
+                    priority_class,
+                    priority,
+                    "[]",
+                    actions_json,
+                    update_stream=False,
+                )
+            else:
+                self._simple_update_one_txn(
+                    txn,
+                    "push_rules",
+                    {"user_name": user_id, "rule_id": rule_id},
+                    {"actions": actions_json},
+                )
+
+            self._insert_push_rules_update_txn(
+                txn,
+                stream_id,
+                event_stream_ordering,
+                user_id,
+                rule_id,
+                op="ACTIONS",
+                data={"actions": actions_json},
+            )
+
+        with self._push_rules_stream_id_gen.get_next() as ids:
+            stream_id, event_stream_ordering = ids
+            yield self.runInteraction(
+                "set_push_rule_actions",
+                set_push_rule_actions_txn,
+                stream_id,
+                event_stream_ordering,
+            )
+
+    def _insert_push_rules_update_txn(
+        self, txn, stream_id, event_stream_ordering, user_id, rule_id, op, data=None
+    ):
+        values = {
+            "stream_id": stream_id,
+            "event_stream_ordering": event_stream_ordering,
+            "user_id": user_id,
+            "rule_id": rule_id,
+            "op": op,
+        }
+        if data is not None:
+            values.update(data)
+
+        self._simple_insert_txn(txn, "push_rules_stream", values=values)
+
+        txn.call_after(self.get_push_rules_for_user.invalidate, (user_id,))
+        txn.call_after(self.get_push_rules_enabled_for_user.invalidate, (user_id,))
+        txn.call_after(
+            self.push_rules_stream_cache.entity_has_changed, user_id, stream_id
+        )
+
+    def get_all_push_rule_updates(self, last_id, current_id, limit):
+        """Get all the push rules changes that have happend on the server"""
+        if last_id == current_id:
+            return defer.succeed([])
+
+        def get_all_push_rule_updates_txn(txn):
+            sql = (
+                "SELECT stream_id, event_stream_ordering, user_id, rule_id,"
+                " op, priority_class, priority, conditions, actions"
+                " FROM push_rules_stream"
+                " WHERE ? < stream_id AND stream_id <= ?"
+                " ORDER BY stream_id ASC LIMIT ?"
+            )
+            txn.execute(sql, (last_id, current_id, limit))
+            return txn.fetchall()
+
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "get_all_push_rule_updates", get_all_push_rule_updates_txn
+        )
+
+    def get_push_rules_stream_token(self):
+        """Get the position of the push rules stream.
+        Returns a pair of a stream id for the push_rules stream and the
+        room stream ordering it corresponds to."""
+        return self._push_rules_stream_id_gen.get_current_token()
+
+    def get_max_push_rules_stream_id(self):
+        return self.get_push_rules_stream_token()[0]
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/pusher.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/pusher.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f005c1ae0a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/pusher.py
@@ -0,0 +1,371 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+# Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import logging
+
+import six
+
+from canonicaljson import encode_canonical_json, json
+
+from twisted.internet import defer
+
+from synapse.storage._base import SQLBaseStore
+from synapse.util.caches.descriptors import cachedInlineCallbacks, cachedList
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+if six.PY2:
+    db_binary_type = six.moves.builtins.buffer
+else:
+    db_binary_type = memoryview
+
+
+class PusherWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
+    def _decode_pushers_rows(self, rows):
+        for r in rows:
+            dataJson = r["data"]
+            r["data"] = None
+            try:
+                if isinstance(dataJson, db_binary_type):
+                    dataJson = str(dataJson).decode("UTF8")
+
+                r["data"] = json.loads(dataJson)
+            except Exception as e:
+                logger.warn(
+                    "Invalid JSON in data for pusher %d: %s, %s",
+                    r["id"],
+                    dataJson,
+                    e.args[0],
+                )
+                pass
+
+            if isinstance(r["pushkey"], db_binary_type):
+                r["pushkey"] = str(r["pushkey"]).decode("UTF8")
+
+        return rows
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def user_has_pusher(self, user_id):
+        ret = yield self._simple_select_one_onecol(
+            "pushers", {"user_name": user_id}, "id", allow_none=True
+        )
+        return ret is not None
+
+    def get_pushers_by_app_id_and_pushkey(self, app_id, pushkey):
+        return self.get_pushers_by({"app_id": app_id, "pushkey": pushkey})
+
+    def get_pushers_by_user_id(self, user_id):
+        return self.get_pushers_by({"user_name": user_id})
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_pushers_by(self, keyvalues):
+        ret = yield self._simple_select_list(
+            "pushers",
+            keyvalues,
+            [
+                "id",
+                "user_name",
+                "access_token",
+                "profile_tag",
+                "kind",
+                "app_id",
+                "app_display_name",
+                "device_display_name",
+                "pushkey",
+                "ts",
+                "lang",
+                "data",
+                "last_stream_ordering",
+                "last_success",
+                "failing_since",
+            ],
+            desc="get_pushers_by",
+        )
+        return self._decode_pushers_rows(ret)
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_all_pushers(self):
+        def get_pushers(txn):
+            txn.execute("SELECT * FROM pushers")
+            rows = self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
+
+            return self._decode_pushers_rows(rows)
+
+        rows = yield self.runInteraction("get_all_pushers", get_pushers)
+        return rows
+
+    def get_all_updated_pushers(self, last_id, current_id, limit):
+        if last_id == current_id:
+            return defer.succeed(([], []))
+
+        def get_all_updated_pushers_txn(txn):
+            sql = (
+                "SELECT id, user_name, access_token, profile_tag, kind,"
+                " app_id, app_display_name, device_display_name, pushkey, ts,"
+                " lang, data"
+                " FROM pushers"
+                " WHERE ? < id AND id <= ?"
+                " ORDER BY id ASC LIMIT ?"
+            )
+            txn.execute(sql, (last_id, current_id, limit))
+            updated = txn.fetchall()
+
+            sql = (
+                "SELECT stream_id, user_id, app_id, pushkey"
+                " FROM deleted_pushers"
+                " WHERE ? < stream_id AND stream_id <= ?"
+                " ORDER BY stream_id ASC LIMIT ?"
+            )
+            txn.execute(sql, (last_id, current_id, limit))
+            deleted = txn.fetchall()
+
+            return updated, deleted
+
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "get_all_updated_pushers", get_all_updated_pushers_txn
+        )
+
+    def get_all_updated_pushers_rows(self, last_id, current_id, limit):
+        """Get all the pushers that have changed between the given tokens.
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred(list(tuple)): each tuple consists of:
+                stream_id (str)
+                user_id (str)
+                app_id (str)
+                pushkey (str)
+                was_deleted (bool): whether the pusher was added/updated (False)
+                    or deleted (True)
+        """
+
+        if last_id == current_id:
+            return defer.succeed([])
+
+        def get_all_updated_pushers_rows_txn(txn):
+            sql = (
+                "SELECT id, user_name, app_id, pushkey"
+                " FROM pushers"
+                " WHERE ? < id AND id <= ?"
+                " ORDER BY id ASC LIMIT ?"
+            )
+            txn.execute(sql, (last_id, current_id, limit))
+            results = [list(row) + [False] for row in txn]
+
+            sql = (
+                "SELECT stream_id, user_id, app_id, pushkey"
+                " FROM deleted_pushers"
+                " WHERE ? < stream_id AND stream_id <= ?"
+                " ORDER BY stream_id ASC LIMIT ?"
+            )
+            txn.execute(sql, (last_id, current_id, limit))
+
+            results.extend(list(row) + [True] for row in txn)
+            results.sort()  # Sort so that they're ordered by stream id
+
+            return results
+
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "get_all_updated_pushers_rows", get_all_updated_pushers_rows_txn
+        )
+
+    @cachedInlineCallbacks(num_args=1, max_entries=15000)
+    def get_if_user_has_pusher(self, user_id):
+        # This only exists for the cachedList decorator
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    @cachedList(
+        cached_method_name="get_if_user_has_pusher",
+        list_name="user_ids",
+        num_args=1,
+        inlineCallbacks=True,
+    )
+    def get_if_users_have_pushers(self, user_ids):
+        rows = yield self._simple_select_many_batch(
+            table="pushers",
+            column="user_name",
+            iterable=user_ids,
+            retcols=["user_name"],
+            desc="get_if_users_have_pushers",
+        )
+
+        result = {user_id: False for user_id in user_ids}
+        result.update({r["user_name"]: True for r in rows})
+
+        return result
+
+
+class PusherStore(PusherWorkerStore):
+    def get_pushers_stream_token(self):
+        return self._pushers_id_gen.get_current_token()
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def add_pusher(
+        self,
+        user_id,
+        access_token,
+        kind,
+        app_id,
+        app_display_name,
+        device_display_name,
+        pushkey,
+        pushkey_ts,
+        lang,
+        data,
+        last_stream_ordering,
+        profile_tag="",
+    ):
+        with self._pushers_id_gen.get_next() as stream_id:
+            # no need to lock because `pushers` has a unique key on
+            # (app_id, pushkey, user_name) so _simple_upsert will retry
+            yield self._simple_upsert(
+                table="pushers",
+                keyvalues={"app_id": app_id, "pushkey": pushkey, "user_name": user_id},
+                values={
+                    "access_token": access_token,
+                    "kind": kind,
+                    "app_display_name": app_display_name,
+                    "device_display_name": device_display_name,
+                    "ts": pushkey_ts,
+                    "lang": lang,
+                    "data": bytearray(encode_canonical_json(data)),
+                    "last_stream_ordering": last_stream_ordering,
+                    "profile_tag": profile_tag,
+                    "id": stream_id,
+                },
+                desc="add_pusher",
+                lock=False,
+            )
+
+            user_has_pusher = self.get_if_user_has_pusher.cache.get(
+                (user_id,), None, update_metrics=False
+            )
+
+            if user_has_pusher is not True:
+                # invalidate, since we the user might not have had a pusher before
+                yield self.runInteraction(
+                    "add_pusher",
+                    self._invalidate_cache_and_stream,
+                    self.get_if_user_has_pusher,
+                    (user_id,),
+                )
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def delete_pusher_by_app_id_pushkey_user_id(self, app_id, pushkey, user_id):
+        def delete_pusher_txn(txn, stream_id):
+            self._invalidate_cache_and_stream(
+                txn, self.get_if_user_has_pusher, (user_id,)
+            )
+
+            self._simple_delete_one_txn(
+                txn,
+                "pushers",
+                {"app_id": app_id, "pushkey": pushkey, "user_name": user_id},
+            )
+
+            # it's possible for us to end up with duplicate rows for
+            # (app_id, pushkey, user_id) at different stream_ids, but that
+            # doesn't really matter.
+            self._simple_insert_txn(
+                txn,
+                table="deleted_pushers",
+                values={
+                    "stream_id": stream_id,
+                    "app_id": app_id,
+                    "pushkey": pushkey,
+                    "user_id": user_id,
+                },
+            )
+
+        with self._pushers_id_gen.get_next() as stream_id:
+            yield self.runInteraction("delete_pusher", delete_pusher_txn, stream_id)
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def update_pusher_last_stream_ordering(
+        self, app_id, pushkey, user_id, last_stream_ordering
+    ):
+        yield self._simple_update_one(
+            "pushers",
+            {"app_id": app_id, "pushkey": pushkey, "user_name": user_id},
+            {"last_stream_ordering": last_stream_ordering},
+            desc="update_pusher_last_stream_ordering",
+        )
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def update_pusher_last_stream_ordering_and_success(
+        self, app_id, pushkey, user_id, last_stream_ordering, last_success
+    ):
+        """Update the last stream ordering position we've processed up to for
+        the given pusher.
+
+        Args:
+            app_id (str)
+            pushkey (str)
+            last_stream_ordering (int)
+            last_success (int)
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred[bool]: True if the pusher still exists; False if it has been deleted.
+        """
+        updated = yield self._simple_update(
+            table="pushers",
+            keyvalues={"app_id": app_id, "pushkey": pushkey, "user_name": user_id},
+            updatevalues={
+                "last_stream_ordering": last_stream_ordering,
+                "last_success": last_success,
+            },
+            desc="update_pusher_last_stream_ordering_and_success",
+        )
+
+        return bool(updated)
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def update_pusher_failing_since(self, app_id, pushkey, user_id, failing_since):
+        yield self._simple_update(
+            table="pushers",
+            keyvalues={"app_id": app_id, "pushkey": pushkey, "user_name": user_id},
+            updatevalues={"failing_since": failing_since},
+            desc="update_pusher_failing_since",
+        )
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_throttle_params_by_room(self, pusher_id):
+        res = yield self._simple_select_list(
+            "pusher_throttle",
+            {"pusher": pusher_id},
+            ["room_id", "last_sent_ts", "throttle_ms"],
+            desc="get_throttle_params_by_room",
+        )
+
+        params_by_room = {}
+        for row in res:
+            params_by_room[row["room_id"]] = {
+                "last_sent_ts": row["last_sent_ts"],
+                "throttle_ms": row["throttle_ms"],
+            }
+
+        return params_by_room
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def set_throttle_params(self, pusher_id, room_id, params):
+        # no need to lock because `pusher_throttle` has a primary key on
+        # (pusher, room_id) so _simple_upsert will retry
+        yield self._simple_upsert(
+            "pusher_throttle",
+            {"pusher": pusher_id, "room_id": room_id},
+            params,
+            desc="set_throttle_params",
+            lock=False,
+        )
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/receipts.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/receipts.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0c24430f28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/receipts.py
@@ -0,0 +1,536 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+# Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import abc
+import logging
+
+from canonicaljson import json
+
+from twisted.internet import defer
+
+from synapse.storage._base import SQLBaseStore, make_in_list_sql_clause
+from synapse.storage.util.id_generators import StreamIdGenerator
+from synapse.util.caches.descriptors import cached, cachedInlineCallbacks, cachedList
+from synapse.util.caches.stream_change_cache import StreamChangeCache
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class ReceiptsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
+    """This is an abstract base class where subclasses must implement
+    `get_max_receipt_stream_id` which can be called in the initializer.
+    """
+
+    # This ABCMeta metaclass ensures that we cannot be instantiated without
+    # the abstract methods being implemented.
+    __metaclass__ = abc.ABCMeta
+
+    def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
+        super(ReceiptsWorkerStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
+
+        self._receipts_stream_cache = StreamChangeCache(
+            "ReceiptsRoomChangeCache", self.get_max_receipt_stream_id()
+        )
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def get_max_receipt_stream_id(self):
+        """Get the current max stream ID for receipts stream
+
+        Returns:
+            int
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    @cachedInlineCallbacks()
+    def get_users_with_read_receipts_in_room(self, room_id):
+        receipts = yield self.get_receipts_for_room(room_id, "m.read")
+        return set(r["user_id"] for r in receipts)
+
+    @cached(num_args=2)
+    def get_receipts_for_room(self, room_id, receipt_type):
+        return self._simple_select_list(
+            table="receipts_linearized",
+            keyvalues={"room_id": room_id, "receipt_type": receipt_type},
+            retcols=("user_id", "event_id"),
+            desc="get_receipts_for_room",
+        )
+
+    @cached(num_args=3)
+    def get_last_receipt_event_id_for_user(self, user_id, room_id, receipt_type):
+        return self._simple_select_one_onecol(
+            table="receipts_linearized",
+            keyvalues={
+                "room_id": room_id,
+                "receipt_type": receipt_type,
+                "user_id": user_id,
+            },
+            retcol="event_id",
+            desc="get_own_receipt_for_user",
+            allow_none=True,
+        )
+
+    @cachedInlineCallbacks(num_args=2)
+    def get_receipts_for_user(self, user_id, receipt_type):
+        rows = yield self._simple_select_list(
+            table="receipts_linearized",
+            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "receipt_type": receipt_type},
+            retcols=("room_id", "event_id"),
+            desc="get_receipts_for_user",
+        )
+
+        return {row["room_id"]: row["event_id"] for row in rows}
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_receipts_for_user_with_orderings(self, user_id, receipt_type):
+        def f(txn):
+            sql = (
+                "SELECT rl.room_id, rl.event_id,"
+                " e.topological_ordering, e.stream_ordering"
+                " FROM receipts_linearized AS rl"
+                " INNER JOIN events AS e USING (room_id, event_id)"
+                " WHERE rl.room_id = e.room_id"
+                " AND rl.event_id = e.event_id"
+                " AND user_id = ?"
+            )
+            txn.execute(sql, (user_id,))
+            return txn.fetchall()
+
+        rows = yield self.runInteraction("get_receipts_for_user_with_orderings", f)
+        return {
+            row[0]: {
+                "event_id": row[1],
+                "topological_ordering": row[2],
+                "stream_ordering": row[3],
+            }
+            for row in rows
+        }
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_linearized_receipts_for_rooms(self, room_ids, to_key, from_key=None):
+        """Get receipts for multiple rooms for sending to clients.
+
+        Args:
+            room_ids (list): List of room_ids.
+            to_key (int): Max stream id to fetch receipts upto.
+            from_key (int): Min stream id to fetch receipts from. None fetches
+                from the start.
+
+        Returns:
+            list: A list of receipts.
+        """
+        room_ids = set(room_ids)
+
+        if from_key is not None:
+            # Only ask the database about rooms where there have been new
+            # receipts added since `from_key`
+            room_ids = yield self._receipts_stream_cache.get_entities_changed(
+                room_ids, from_key
+            )
+
+        results = yield self._get_linearized_receipts_for_rooms(
+            room_ids, to_key, from_key=from_key
+        )
+
+        return [ev for res in results.values() for ev in res]
+
+    def get_linearized_receipts_for_room(self, room_id, to_key, from_key=None):
+        """Get receipts for a single room for sending to clients.
+
+        Args:
+            room_ids (str): The room id.
+            to_key (int): Max stream id to fetch receipts upto.
+            from_key (int): Min stream id to fetch receipts from. None fetches
+                from the start.
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred[list]: A list of receipts.
+        """
+        if from_key is not None:
+            # Check the cache first to see if any new receipts have been added
+            # since`from_key`. If not we can no-op.
+            if not self._receipts_stream_cache.has_entity_changed(room_id, from_key):
+                defer.succeed([])
+
+        return self._get_linearized_receipts_for_room(room_id, to_key, from_key)
+
+    @cachedInlineCallbacks(num_args=3, tree=True)
+    def _get_linearized_receipts_for_room(self, room_id, to_key, from_key=None):
+        """See get_linearized_receipts_for_room
+        """
+
+        def f(txn):
+            if from_key:
+                sql = (
+                    "SELECT * FROM receipts_linearized WHERE"
+                    " room_id = ? AND stream_id > ? AND stream_id <= ?"
+                )
+
+                txn.execute(sql, (room_id, from_key, to_key))
+            else:
+                sql = (
+                    "SELECT * FROM receipts_linearized WHERE"
+                    " room_id = ? AND stream_id <= ?"
+                )
+
+                txn.execute(sql, (room_id, to_key))
+
+            rows = self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
+
+            return rows
+
+        rows = yield self.runInteraction("get_linearized_receipts_for_room", f)
+
+        if not rows:
+            return []
+
+        content = {}
+        for row in rows:
+            content.setdefault(row["event_id"], {}).setdefault(row["receipt_type"], {})[
+                row["user_id"]
+            ] = json.loads(row["data"])
+
+        return [{"type": "m.receipt", "room_id": room_id, "content": content}]
+
+    @cachedList(
+        cached_method_name="_get_linearized_receipts_for_room",
+        list_name="room_ids",
+        num_args=3,
+        inlineCallbacks=True,
+    )
+    def _get_linearized_receipts_for_rooms(self, room_ids, to_key, from_key=None):
+        if not room_ids:
+            return {}
+
+        def f(txn):
+            if from_key:
+                sql = """
+                    SELECT * FROM receipts_linearized WHERE
+                    stream_id > ? AND stream_id <= ? AND
+                """
+                clause, args = make_in_list_sql_clause(
+                    self.database_engine, "room_id", room_ids
+                )
+
+                txn.execute(sql + clause, [from_key, to_key] + list(args))
+            else:
+                sql = """
+                    SELECT * FROM receipts_linearized WHERE
+                    stream_id <= ? AND
+                """
+
+                clause, args = make_in_list_sql_clause(
+                    self.database_engine, "room_id", room_ids
+                )
+
+                txn.execute(sql + clause, [to_key] + list(args))
+
+            return self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
+
+        txn_results = yield self.runInteraction("_get_linearized_receipts_for_rooms", f)
+
+        results = {}
+        for row in txn_results:
+            # We want a single event per room, since we want to batch the
+            # receipts by room, event and type.
+            room_event = results.setdefault(
+                row["room_id"],
+                {"type": "m.receipt", "room_id": row["room_id"], "content": {}},
+            )
+
+            # The content is of the form:
+            # {"$foo:bar": { "read": { "@user:host": <receipt> }, .. }, .. }
+            event_entry = room_event["content"].setdefault(row["event_id"], {})
+            receipt_type = event_entry.setdefault(row["receipt_type"], {})
+
+            receipt_type[row["user_id"]] = json.loads(row["data"])
+
+        results = {
+            room_id: [results[room_id]] if room_id in results else []
+            for room_id in room_ids
+        }
+        return results
+
+    def get_all_updated_receipts(self, last_id, current_id, limit=None):
+        if last_id == current_id:
+            return defer.succeed([])
+
+        def get_all_updated_receipts_txn(txn):
+            sql = (
+                "SELECT stream_id, room_id, receipt_type, user_id, event_id, data"
+                " FROM receipts_linearized"
+                " WHERE ? < stream_id AND stream_id <= ?"
+                " ORDER BY stream_id ASC"
+            )
+            args = [last_id, current_id]
+            if limit is not None:
+                sql += " LIMIT ?"
+                args.append(limit)
+            txn.execute(sql, args)
+
+            return (r[0:5] + (json.loads(r[5]),) for r in txn)
+
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "get_all_updated_receipts", get_all_updated_receipts_txn
+        )
+
+    def _invalidate_get_users_with_receipts_in_room(
+        self, room_id, receipt_type, user_id
+    ):
+        if receipt_type != "m.read":
+            return
+
+        # Returns either an ObservableDeferred or the raw result
+        res = self.get_users_with_read_receipts_in_room.cache.get(
+            room_id, None, update_metrics=False
+        )
+
+        # first handle the Deferred case
+        if isinstance(res, defer.Deferred):
+            if res.called:
+                res = res.result
+            else:
+                res = None
+
+        if res and user_id in res:
+            # We'd only be adding to the set, so no point invalidating if the
+            # user is already there
+            return
+
+        self.get_users_with_read_receipts_in_room.invalidate((room_id,))
+
+
+class ReceiptsStore(ReceiptsWorkerStore):
+    def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
+        # We instantiate this first as the ReceiptsWorkerStore constructor
+        # needs to be able to call get_max_receipt_stream_id
+        self._receipts_id_gen = StreamIdGenerator(
+            db_conn, "receipts_linearized", "stream_id"
+        )
+
+        super(ReceiptsStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
+
+    def get_max_receipt_stream_id(self):
+        return self._receipts_id_gen.get_current_token()
+
+    def insert_linearized_receipt_txn(
+        self, txn, room_id, receipt_type, user_id, event_id, data, stream_id
+    ):
+        """Inserts a read-receipt into the database if it's newer than the current RR
+
+        Returns: int|None
+            None if the RR is older than the current RR
+            otherwise, the rx timestamp of the event that the RR corresponds to
+                (or 0 if the event is unknown)
+        """
+        res = self._simple_select_one_txn(
+            txn,
+            table="events",
+            retcols=["stream_ordering", "received_ts"],
+            keyvalues={"event_id": event_id},
+            allow_none=True,
+        )
+
+        stream_ordering = int(res["stream_ordering"]) if res else None
+        rx_ts = res["received_ts"] if res else 0
+
+        # We don't want to clobber receipts for more recent events, so we
+        # have to compare orderings of existing receipts
+        if stream_ordering is not None:
+            sql = (
+                "SELECT stream_ordering, event_id FROM events"
+                " INNER JOIN receipts_linearized as r USING (event_id, room_id)"
+                " WHERE r.room_id = ? AND r.receipt_type = ? AND r.user_id = ?"
+            )
+            txn.execute(sql, (room_id, receipt_type, user_id))
+
+            for so, eid in txn:
+                if int(so) >= stream_ordering:
+                    logger.debug(
+                        "Ignoring new receipt for %s in favour of existing "
+                        "one for later event %s",
+                        event_id,
+                        eid,
+                    )
+                    return None
+
+        txn.call_after(self.get_receipts_for_room.invalidate, (room_id, receipt_type))
+        txn.call_after(
+            self._invalidate_get_users_with_receipts_in_room,
+            room_id,
+            receipt_type,
+            user_id,
+        )
+        txn.call_after(self.get_receipts_for_user.invalidate, (user_id, receipt_type))
+        # FIXME: This shouldn't invalidate the whole cache
+        txn.call_after(
+            self._get_linearized_receipts_for_room.invalidate_many, (room_id,)
+        )
+
+        txn.call_after(
+            self._receipts_stream_cache.entity_has_changed, room_id, stream_id
+        )
+
+        txn.call_after(
+            self.get_last_receipt_event_id_for_user.invalidate,
+            (user_id, room_id, receipt_type),
+        )
+
+        self._simple_delete_txn(
+            txn,
+            table="receipts_linearized",
+            keyvalues={
+                "room_id": room_id,
+                "receipt_type": receipt_type,
+                "user_id": user_id,
+            },
+        )
+
+        self._simple_insert_txn(
+            txn,
+            table="receipts_linearized",
+            values={
+                "stream_id": stream_id,
+                "room_id": room_id,
+                "receipt_type": receipt_type,
+                "user_id": user_id,
+                "event_id": event_id,
+                "data": json.dumps(data),
+            },
+        )
+
+        if receipt_type == "m.read" and stream_ordering is not None:
+            self._remove_old_push_actions_before_txn(
+                txn, room_id=room_id, user_id=user_id, stream_ordering=stream_ordering
+            )
+
+        return rx_ts
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def insert_receipt(self, room_id, receipt_type, user_id, event_ids, data):
+        """Insert a receipt, either from local client or remote server.
+
+        Automatically does conversion between linearized and graph
+        representations.
+        """
+        if not event_ids:
+            return
+
+        if len(event_ids) == 1:
+            linearized_event_id = event_ids[0]
+        else:
+            # we need to points in graph -> linearized form.
+            # TODO: Make this better.
+            def graph_to_linear(txn):
+                clause, args = make_in_list_sql_clause(
+                    self.database_engine, "event_id", event_ids
+                )
+
+                sql = """
+                    SELECT event_id WHERE room_id = ? AND stream_ordering IN (
+                        SELECT max(stream_ordering) WHERE %s
+                    )
+                """ % (
+                    clause,
+                )
+
+                txn.execute(sql, [room_id] + list(args))
+                rows = txn.fetchall()
+                if rows:
+                    return rows[0][0]
+                else:
+                    raise RuntimeError("Unrecognized event_ids: %r" % (event_ids,))
+
+            linearized_event_id = yield self.runInteraction(
+                "insert_receipt_conv", graph_to_linear
+            )
+
+        stream_id_manager = self._receipts_id_gen.get_next()
+        with stream_id_manager as stream_id:
+            event_ts = yield self.runInteraction(
+                "insert_linearized_receipt",
+                self.insert_linearized_receipt_txn,
+                room_id,
+                receipt_type,
+                user_id,
+                linearized_event_id,
+                data,
+                stream_id=stream_id,
+            )
+
+        if event_ts is None:
+            return None
+
+        now = self._clock.time_msec()
+        logger.debug(
+            "RR for event %s in %s (%i ms old)",
+            linearized_event_id,
+            room_id,
+            now - event_ts,
+        )
+
+        yield self.insert_graph_receipt(room_id, receipt_type, user_id, event_ids, data)
+
+        max_persisted_id = self._receipts_id_gen.get_current_token()
+
+        return stream_id, max_persisted_id
+
+    def insert_graph_receipt(self, room_id, receipt_type, user_id, event_ids, data):
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "insert_graph_receipt",
+            self.insert_graph_receipt_txn,
+            room_id,
+            receipt_type,
+            user_id,
+            event_ids,
+            data,
+        )
+
+    def insert_graph_receipt_txn(
+        self, txn, room_id, receipt_type, user_id, event_ids, data
+    ):
+        txn.call_after(self.get_receipts_for_room.invalidate, (room_id, receipt_type))
+        txn.call_after(
+            self._invalidate_get_users_with_receipts_in_room,
+            room_id,
+            receipt_type,
+            user_id,
+        )
+        txn.call_after(self.get_receipts_for_user.invalidate, (user_id, receipt_type))
+        # FIXME: This shouldn't invalidate the whole cache
+        txn.call_after(
+            self._get_linearized_receipts_for_room.invalidate_many, (room_id,)
+        )
+
+        self._simple_delete_txn(
+            txn,
+            table="receipts_graph",
+            keyvalues={
+                "room_id": room_id,
+                "receipt_type": receipt_type,
+                "user_id": user_id,
+            },
+        )
+        self._simple_insert_txn(
+            txn,
+            table="receipts_graph",
+            values={
+                "room_id": room_id,
+                "receipt_type": receipt_type,
+                "user_id": user_id,
+                "event_ids": json.dumps(event_ids),
+                "data": json.dumps(data),
+            },
+        )
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/registration.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/registration.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6c5b29288a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/registration.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1499 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+# Copyright 2017-2018 New Vector Ltd
+# Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import logging
+import re
+
+from six import iterkeys
+from six.moves import range
+
+from twisted.internet import defer
+from twisted.internet.defer import Deferred
+
+from synapse.api.constants import UserTypes
+from synapse.api.errors import Codes, StoreError, SynapseError, ThreepidValidationError
+from synapse.metrics.background_process_metrics import run_as_background_process
+from synapse.storage import background_updates
+from synapse.storage._base import SQLBaseStore
+from synapse.types import UserID
+from synapse.util.caches.descriptors import cached, cachedInlineCallbacks
+
+THIRTY_MINUTES_IN_MS = 30 * 60 * 1000
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
+    def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
+        super(RegistrationWorkerStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
+
+        self.config = hs.config
+        self.clock = hs.get_clock()
+
+    @cached()
+    def get_user_by_id(self, user_id):
+        return self._simple_select_one(
+            table="users",
+            keyvalues={"name": user_id},
+            retcols=[
+                "name",
+                "password_hash",
+                "is_guest",
+                "consent_version",
+                "consent_server_notice_sent",
+                "appservice_id",
+                "creation_ts",
+                "user_type",
+            ],
+            allow_none=True,
+            desc="get_user_by_id",
+        )
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def is_trial_user(self, user_id):
+        """Checks if user is in the "trial" period, i.e. within the first
+        N days of registration defined by `mau_trial_days` config
+
+        Args:
+            user_id (str)
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred[bool]
+        """
+
+        info = yield self.get_user_by_id(user_id)
+        if not info:
+            return False
+
+        now = self.clock.time_msec()
+        trial_duration_ms = self.config.mau_trial_days * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000
+        is_trial = (now - info["creation_ts"] * 1000) < trial_duration_ms
+        return is_trial
+
+    @cached()
+    def get_user_by_access_token(self, token):
+        """Get a user from the given access token.
+
+        Args:
+            token (str): The access token of a user.
+        Returns:
+            defer.Deferred: None, if the token did not match, otherwise dict
+                including the keys `name`, `is_guest`, `device_id`, `token_id`,
+                `valid_until_ms`.
+        """
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "get_user_by_access_token", self._query_for_auth, token
+        )
+
+    @cachedInlineCallbacks()
+    def get_expiration_ts_for_user(self, user_id):
+        """Get the expiration timestamp for the account bearing a given user ID.
+
+        Args:
+            user_id (str): The ID of the user.
+        Returns:
+            defer.Deferred: None, if the account has no expiration timestamp,
+                otherwise int representation of the timestamp (as a number of
+                milliseconds since epoch).
+        """
+        res = yield self._simple_select_one_onecol(
+            table="account_validity",
+            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
+            retcol="expiration_ts_ms",
+            allow_none=True,
+            desc="get_expiration_ts_for_user",
+        )
+        return res
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def set_account_validity_for_user(
+        self, user_id, expiration_ts, email_sent, renewal_token=None
+    ):
+        """Updates the account validity properties of the given account, with the
+        given values.
+
+        Args:
+            user_id (str): ID of the account to update properties for.
+            expiration_ts (int): New expiration date, as a timestamp in milliseconds
+                since epoch.
+            email_sent (bool): True means a renewal email has been sent for this
+                account and there's no need to send another one for the current validity
+                period.
+            renewal_token (str): Renewal token the user can use to extend the validity
+                of their account. Defaults to no token.
+        """
+
+        def set_account_validity_for_user_txn(txn):
+            self._simple_update_txn(
+                txn=txn,
+                table="account_validity",
+                keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
+                updatevalues={
+                    "expiration_ts_ms": expiration_ts,
+                    "email_sent": email_sent,
+                    "renewal_token": renewal_token,
+                },
+            )
+            self._invalidate_cache_and_stream(
+                txn, self.get_expiration_ts_for_user, (user_id,)
+            )
+
+        yield self.runInteraction(
+            "set_account_validity_for_user", set_account_validity_for_user_txn
+        )
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def set_renewal_token_for_user(self, user_id, renewal_token):
+        """Defines a renewal token for a given user.
+
+        Args:
+            user_id (str): ID of the user to set the renewal token for.
+            renewal_token (str): Random unique string that will be used to renew the
+                user's account.
+
+        Raises:
+            StoreError: The provided token is already set for another user.
+        """
+        yield self._simple_update_one(
+            table="account_validity",
+            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
+            updatevalues={"renewal_token": renewal_token},
+            desc="set_renewal_token_for_user",
+        )
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_user_from_renewal_token(self, renewal_token):
+        """Get a user ID from a renewal token.
+
+        Args:
+            renewal_token (str): The renewal token to perform the lookup with.
+
+        Returns:
+            defer.Deferred[str]: The ID of the user to which the token belongs.
+        """
+        res = yield self._simple_select_one_onecol(
+            table="account_validity",
+            keyvalues={"renewal_token": renewal_token},
+            retcol="user_id",
+            desc="get_user_from_renewal_token",
+        )
+
+        return res
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_renewal_token_for_user(self, user_id):
+        """Get the renewal token associated with a given user ID.
+
+        Args:
+            user_id (str): The user ID to lookup a token for.
+
+        Returns:
+            defer.Deferred[str]: The renewal token associated with this user ID.
+        """
+        res = yield self._simple_select_one_onecol(
+            table="account_validity",
+            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
+            retcol="renewal_token",
+            desc="get_renewal_token_for_user",
+        )
+
+        return res
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_users_expiring_soon(self):
+        """Selects users whose account will expire in the [now, now + renew_at] time
+        window (see configuration for account_validity for information on what renew_at
+        refers to).
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred: Resolves to a list[dict[user_id (str), expiration_ts_ms (int)]]
+        """
+
+        def select_users_txn(txn, now_ms, renew_at):
+            sql = (
+                "SELECT user_id, expiration_ts_ms FROM account_validity"
+                " WHERE email_sent = ? AND (expiration_ts_ms - ?) <= ?"
+            )
+            values = [False, now_ms, renew_at]
+            txn.execute(sql, values)
+            return self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
+
+        res = yield self.runInteraction(
+            "get_users_expiring_soon",
+            select_users_txn,
+            self.clock.time_msec(),
+            self.config.account_validity.renew_at,
+        )
+
+        return res
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def set_renewal_mail_status(self, user_id, email_sent):
+        """Sets or unsets the flag that indicates whether a renewal email has been sent
+        to the user (and the user hasn't renewed their account yet).
+
+        Args:
+            user_id (str): ID of the user to set/unset the flag for.
+            email_sent (bool): Flag which indicates whether a renewal email has been sent
+                to this user.
+        """
+        yield self._simple_update_one(
+            table="account_validity",
+            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
+            updatevalues={"email_sent": email_sent},
+            desc="set_renewal_mail_status",
+        )
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def delete_account_validity_for_user(self, user_id):
+        """Deletes the entry for the given user in the account validity table, removing
+        their expiration date and renewal token.
+
+        Args:
+            user_id (str): ID of the user to remove from the account validity table.
+        """
+        yield self._simple_delete_one(
+            table="account_validity",
+            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
+            desc="delete_account_validity_for_user",
+        )
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def is_server_admin(self, user):
+        """Determines if a user is an admin of this homeserver.
+
+        Args:
+            user (UserID): user ID of the user to test
+
+        Returns (bool):
+            true iff the user is a server admin, false otherwise.
+        """
+        res = yield self._simple_select_one_onecol(
+            table="users",
+            keyvalues={"name": user.to_string()},
+            retcol="admin",
+            allow_none=True,
+            desc="is_server_admin",
+        )
+
+        return res if res else False
+
+    def set_server_admin(self, user, admin):
+        """Sets whether a user is an admin of this homeserver.
+
+        Args:
+            user (UserID): user ID of the user to test
+            admin (bool): true iff the user is to be a server admin,
+                false otherwise.
+        """
+        return self._simple_update_one(
+            table="users",
+            keyvalues={"name": user.to_string()},
+            updatevalues={"admin": 1 if admin else 0},
+            desc="set_server_admin",
+        )
+
+    def _query_for_auth(self, txn, token):
+        sql = (
+            "SELECT users.name, users.is_guest, access_tokens.id as token_id,"
+            " access_tokens.device_id, access_tokens.valid_until_ms"
+            " FROM users"
+            " INNER JOIN access_tokens on users.name = access_tokens.user_id"
+            " WHERE token = ?"
+        )
+
+        txn.execute(sql, (token,))
+        rows = self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
+        if rows:
+            return rows[0]
+
+        return None
+
+    @cachedInlineCallbacks()
+    def is_real_user(self, user_id):
+        """Determines if the user is a real user, ie does not have a 'user_type'.
+
+        Args:
+            user_id (str): user id to test
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred[bool]: True if user 'user_type' is null or empty string
+        """
+        res = yield self.runInteraction("is_real_user", self.is_real_user_txn, user_id)
+        return res
+
+    @cachedInlineCallbacks()
+    def is_support_user(self, user_id):
+        """Determines if the user is of type UserTypes.SUPPORT
+
+        Args:
+            user_id (str): user id to test
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred[bool]: True if user is of type UserTypes.SUPPORT
+        """
+        res = yield self.runInteraction(
+            "is_support_user", self.is_support_user_txn, user_id
+        )
+        return res
+
+    def is_real_user_txn(self, txn, user_id):
+        res = self._simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
+            txn=txn,
+            table="users",
+            keyvalues={"name": user_id},
+            retcol="user_type",
+            allow_none=True,
+        )
+        return res is None
+
+    def is_support_user_txn(self, txn, user_id):
+        res = self._simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
+            txn=txn,
+            table="users",
+            keyvalues={"name": user_id},
+            retcol="user_type",
+            allow_none=True,
+        )
+        return True if res == UserTypes.SUPPORT else False
+
+    def get_users_by_id_case_insensitive(self, user_id):
+        """Gets users that match user_id case insensitively.
+        Returns a mapping of user_id -> password_hash.
+        """
+
+        def f(txn):
+            sql = (
+                "SELECT name, password_hash FROM users" " WHERE lower(name) = lower(?)"
+            )
+            txn.execute(sql, (user_id,))
+            return dict(txn)
+
+        return self.runInteraction("get_users_by_id_case_insensitive", f)
+
+    async def get_user_by_external_id(
+        self, auth_provider: str, external_id: str
+    ) -> str:
+        """Look up a user by their external auth id
+
+        Args:
+            auth_provider: identifier for the remote auth provider
+            external_id: id on that system
+
+        Returns:
+            str|None: the mxid of the user, or None if they are not known
+        """
+        return await self._simple_select_one_onecol(
+            table="user_external_ids",
+            keyvalues={"auth_provider": auth_provider, "external_id": external_id},
+            retcol="user_id",
+            allow_none=True,
+            desc="get_user_by_external_id",
+        )
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def count_all_users(self):
+        """Counts all users registered on the homeserver."""
+
+        def _count_users(txn):
+            txn.execute("SELECT COUNT(*) AS users FROM users")
+            rows = self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
+            if rows:
+                return rows[0]["users"]
+            return 0
+
+        ret = yield self.runInteraction("count_users", _count_users)
+        return ret
+
+    def count_daily_user_type(self):
+        """
+        Counts 1) native non guest users
+               2) native guests users
+               3) bridged users
+        who registered on the homeserver in the past 24 hours
+        """
+
+        def _count_daily_user_type(txn):
+            yesterday = int(self._clock.time()) - (60 * 60 * 24)
+
+            sql = """
+                SELECT user_type, COALESCE(count(*), 0) AS count FROM (
+                    SELECT
+                    CASE
+                        WHEN is_guest=0 AND appservice_id IS NULL THEN 'native'
+                        WHEN is_guest=1 AND appservice_id IS NULL THEN 'guest'
+                        WHEN is_guest=0 AND appservice_id IS NOT NULL THEN 'bridged'
+                    END AS user_type
+                    FROM users
+                    WHERE creation_ts > ?
+                ) AS t GROUP BY user_type
+            """
+            results = {"native": 0, "guest": 0, "bridged": 0}
+            txn.execute(sql, (yesterday,))
+            for row in txn:
+                results[row[0]] = row[1]
+            return results
+
+        return self.runInteraction("count_daily_user_type", _count_daily_user_type)
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def count_nonbridged_users(self):
+        def _count_users(txn):
+            txn.execute(
+                """
+                SELECT COALESCE(COUNT(*), 0) FROM users
+                WHERE appservice_id IS NULL
+            """
+            )
+            count, = txn.fetchone()
+            return count
+
+        ret = yield self.runInteraction("count_users", _count_users)
+        return ret
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def count_real_users(self):
+        """Counts all users without a special user_type registered on the homeserver."""
+
+        def _count_users(txn):
+            txn.execute("SELECT COUNT(*) AS users FROM users where user_type is null")
+            rows = self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
+            if rows:
+                return rows[0]["users"]
+            return 0
+
+        ret = yield self.runInteraction("count_real_users", _count_users)
+        return ret
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def find_next_generated_user_id_localpart(self):
+        """
+        Gets the localpart of the next generated user ID.
+
+        Generated user IDs are integers, and we aim for them to be as small as
+        we can. Unfortunately, it's possible some of them are already taken by
+        existing users, and there may be gaps in the already taken range. This
+        function returns the start of the first allocatable gap. This is to
+        avoid the case of ID 10000000 being pre-allocated, so us wasting the
+        first (and shortest) many generated user IDs.
+        """
+
+        def _find_next_generated_user_id(txn):
+            # We bound between '@1' and '@a' to avoid pulling the entire table
+            # out.
+            txn.execute("SELECT name FROM users WHERE '@1' <= name AND name < '@a'")
+
+            regex = re.compile(r"^@(\d+):")
+
+            found = set()
+
+            for (user_id,) in txn:
+                match = regex.search(user_id)
+                if match:
+                    found.add(int(match.group(1)))
+            for i in range(len(found) + 1):
+                if i not in found:
+                    return i
+
+        return (
+            (
+                yield self.runInteraction(
+                    "find_next_generated_user_id", _find_next_generated_user_id
+                )
+            )
+        )
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_user_id_by_threepid(self, medium, address):
+        """Returns user id from threepid
+
+        Args:
+            medium (str): threepid medium e.g. email
+            address (str): threepid address e.g. me@example.com
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred[str|None]: user id or None if no user id/threepid mapping exists
+        """
+        user_id = yield self.runInteraction(
+            "get_user_id_by_threepid", self.get_user_id_by_threepid_txn, medium, address
+        )
+        return user_id
+
+    def get_user_id_by_threepid_txn(self, txn, medium, address):
+        """Returns user id from threepid
+
+        Args:
+            txn (cursor):
+            medium (str): threepid medium e.g. email
+            address (str): threepid address e.g. me@example.com
+
+        Returns:
+            str|None: user id or None if no user id/threepid mapping exists
+        """
+        ret = self._simple_select_one_txn(
+            txn,
+            "user_threepids",
+            {"medium": medium, "address": address},
+            ["user_id"],
+            True,
+        )
+        if ret:
+            return ret["user_id"]
+        return None
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def user_add_threepid(self, user_id, medium, address, validated_at, added_at):
+        yield self._simple_upsert(
+            "user_threepids",
+            {"medium": medium, "address": address},
+            {"user_id": user_id, "validated_at": validated_at, "added_at": added_at},
+        )
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def user_get_threepids(self, user_id):
+        ret = yield self._simple_select_list(
+            "user_threepids",
+            {"user_id": user_id},
+            ["medium", "address", "validated_at", "added_at"],
+            "user_get_threepids",
+        )
+        return ret
+
+    def user_delete_threepid(self, user_id, medium, address):
+        return self._simple_delete(
+            "user_threepids",
+            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "medium": medium, "address": address},
+            desc="user_delete_threepids",
+        )
+
+    def add_user_bound_threepid(self, user_id, medium, address, id_server):
+        """The server proxied a bind request to the given identity server on
+        behalf of the given user. We need to remember this in case the user
+        asks us to unbind the threepid.
+
+        Args:
+            user_id (str)
+            medium (str)
+            address (str)
+            id_server (str)
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred
+        """
+        # We need to use an upsert, in case they user had already bound the
+        # threepid
+        return self._simple_upsert(
+            table="user_threepid_id_server",
+            keyvalues={
+                "user_id": user_id,
+                "medium": medium,
+                "address": address,
+                "id_server": id_server,
+            },
+            values={},
+            insertion_values={},
+            desc="add_user_bound_threepid",
+        )
+
+    def user_get_bound_threepids(self, user_id):
+        """Get the threepids that a user has bound to an identity server through the homeserver
+        The homeserver remembers where binds to an identity server occurred. Using this
+        method can retrieve those threepids.
+
+        Args:
+            user_id (str): The ID of the user to retrieve threepids for
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred[list[dict]]: List of dictionaries containing the following:
+                medium (str): The medium of the threepid (e.g "email")
+                address (str): The address of the threepid (e.g "bob@example.com")
+        """
+        return self._simple_select_list(
+            table="user_threepid_id_server",
+            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
+            retcols=["medium", "address"],
+            desc="user_get_bound_threepids",
+        )
+
+    def remove_user_bound_threepid(self, user_id, medium, address, id_server):
+        """The server proxied an unbind request to the given identity server on
+        behalf of the given user, so we remove the mapping of threepid to
+        identity server.
+
+        Args:
+            user_id (str)
+            medium (str)
+            address (str)
+            id_server (str)
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred
+        """
+        return self._simple_delete(
+            table="user_threepid_id_server",
+            keyvalues={
+                "user_id": user_id,
+                "medium": medium,
+                "address": address,
+                "id_server": id_server,
+            },
+            desc="remove_user_bound_threepid",
+        )
+
+    def get_id_servers_user_bound(self, user_id, medium, address):
+        """Get the list of identity servers that the server proxied bind
+        requests to for given user and threepid
+
+        Args:
+            user_id (str)
+            medium (str)
+            address (str)
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred[list[str]]: Resolves to a list of identity servers
+        """
+        return self._simple_select_onecol(
+            table="user_threepid_id_server",
+            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "medium": medium, "address": address},
+            retcol="id_server",
+            desc="get_id_servers_user_bound",
+        )
+
+    @cachedInlineCallbacks()
+    def get_user_deactivated_status(self, user_id):
+        """Retrieve the value for the `deactivated` property for the provided user.
+
+        Args:
+            user_id (str): The ID of the user to retrieve the status for.
+
+        Returns:
+            defer.Deferred(bool): The requested value.
+        """
+
+        res = yield self._simple_select_one_onecol(
+            table="users",
+            keyvalues={"name": user_id},
+            retcol="deactivated",
+            desc="get_user_deactivated_status",
+        )
+
+        # Convert the integer into a boolean.
+        return res == 1
+
+    def get_threepid_validation_session(
+        self, medium, client_secret, address=None, sid=None, validated=True
+    ):
+        """Gets a session_id and last_send_attempt (if available) for a
+        combination of validation metadata
+
+        Args:
+            medium (str|None): The medium of the 3PID
+            address (str|None): The address of the 3PID
+            sid (str|None): The ID of the validation session
+            client_secret (str): A unique string provided by the client to help identify this
+                validation attempt
+            validated (bool|None): Whether sessions should be filtered by
+                whether they have been validated already or not. None to
+                perform no filtering
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred[dict|None]: A dict containing the following:
+                * address - address of the 3pid
+                * medium - medium of the 3pid
+                * client_secret - a secret provided by the client for this validation session
+                * session_id - ID of the validation session
+                * send_attempt - a number serving to dedupe send attempts for this session
+                * validated_at - timestamp of when this session was validated if so
+
+                Otherwise None if a validation session is not found
+        """
+        if not client_secret:
+            raise SynapseError(
+                400, "Missing parameter: client_secret", errcode=Codes.MISSING_PARAM
+            )
+
+        keyvalues = {"client_secret": client_secret}
+        if medium:
+            keyvalues["medium"] = medium
+        if address:
+            keyvalues["address"] = address
+        if sid:
+            keyvalues["session_id"] = sid
+
+        assert address or sid
+
+        def get_threepid_validation_session_txn(txn):
+            sql = """
+                SELECT address, session_id, medium, client_secret,
+                last_send_attempt, validated_at
+                FROM threepid_validation_session WHERE %s
+                """ % (
+                " AND ".join("%s = ?" % k for k in iterkeys(keyvalues)),
+            )
+
+            if validated is not None:
+                sql += " AND validated_at IS " + ("NOT NULL" if validated else "NULL")
+
+            sql += " LIMIT 1"
+
+            txn.execute(sql, list(keyvalues.values()))
+            rows = self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
+            if not rows:
+                return None
+
+            return rows[0]
+
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "get_threepid_validation_session", get_threepid_validation_session_txn
+        )
+
+    def delete_threepid_session(self, session_id):
+        """Removes a threepid validation session from the database. This can
+        be done after validation has been performed and whatever action was
+        waiting on it has been carried out
+
+        Args:
+            session_id (str): The ID of the session to delete
+        """
+
+        def delete_threepid_session_txn(txn):
+            self._simple_delete_txn(
+                txn,
+                table="threepid_validation_token",
+                keyvalues={"session_id": session_id},
+            )
+            self._simple_delete_txn(
+                txn,
+                table="threepid_validation_session",
+                keyvalues={"session_id": session_id},
+            )
+
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "delete_threepid_session", delete_threepid_session_txn
+        )
+
+
+class RegistrationBackgroundUpdateStore(
+    RegistrationWorkerStore, background_updates.BackgroundUpdateStore
+):
+    def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
+        super(RegistrationBackgroundUpdateStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
+
+        self.clock = hs.get_clock()
+        self.config = hs.config
+
+        self.register_background_index_update(
+            "access_tokens_device_index",
+            index_name="access_tokens_device_id",
+            table="access_tokens",
+            columns=["user_id", "device_id"],
+        )
+
+        self.register_background_index_update(
+            "users_creation_ts",
+            index_name="users_creation_ts",
+            table="users",
+            columns=["creation_ts"],
+        )
+
+        # we no longer use refresh tokens, but it's possible that some people
+        # might have a background update queued to build this index. Just
+        # clear the background update.
+        self.register_noop_background_update("refresh_tokens_device_index")
+
+        self.register_background_update_handler(
+            "user_threepids_grandfather", self._bg_user_threepids_grandfather
+        )
+
+        self.register_background_update_handler(
+            "users_set_deactivated_flag", self._background_update_set_deactivated_flag
+        )
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def _background_update_set_deactivated_flag(self, progress, batch_size):
+        """Retrieves a list of all deactivated users and sets the 'deactivated' flag to 1
+        for each of them.
+        """
+
+        last_user = progress.get("user_id", "")
+
+        def _background_update_set_deactivated_flag_txn(txn):
+            txn.execute(
+                """
+                SELECT
+                    users.name,
+                    COUNT(access_tokens.token) AS count_tokens,
+                    COUNT(user_threepids.address) AS count_threepids
+                FROM users
+                    LEFT JOIN access_tokens ON (access_tokens.user_id = users.name)
+                    LEFT JOIN user_threepids ON (user_threepids.user_id = users.name)
+                WHERE (users.password_hash IS NULL OR users.password_hash = '')
+                AND (users.appservice_id IS NULL OR users.appservice_id = '')
+                AND users.is_guest = 0
+                AND users.name > ?
+                GROUP BY users.name
+                ORDER BY users.name ASC
+                LIMIT ?;
+                """,
+                (last_user, batch_size),
+            )
+
+            rows = self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
+
+            if not rows:
+                return True, 0
+
+            rows_processed_nb = 0
+
+            for user in rows:
+                if not user["count_tokens"] and not user["count_threepids"]:
+                    self.set_user_deactivated_status_txn(txn, user["name"], True)
+                    rows_processed_nb += 1
+
+            logger.info("Marked %d rows as deactivated", rows_processed_nb)
+
+            self._background_update_progress_txn(
+                txn, "users_set_deactivated_flag", {"user_id": rows[-1]["name"]}
+            )
+
+            if batch_size > len(rows):
+                return True, len(rows)
+            else:
+                return False, len(rows)
+
+        end, nb_processed = yield self.runInteraction(
+            "users_set_deactivated_flag", _background_update_set_deactivated_flag_txn
+        )
+
+        if end:
+            yield self._end_background_update("users_set_deactivated_flag")
+
+        return nb_processed
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def _bg_user_threepids_grandfather(self, progress, batch_size):
+        """We now track which identity servers a user binds their 3PID to, so
+        we need to handle the case of existing bindings where we didn't track
+        this.
+
+        We do this by grandfathering in existing user threepids assuming that
+        they used one of the server configured trusted identity servers.
+        """
+        id_servers = set(self.config.trusted_third_party_id_servers)
+
+        def _bg_user_threepids_grandfather_txn(txn):
+            sql = """
+                INSERT INTO user_threepid_id_server
+                    (user_id, medium, address, id_server)
+                SELECT user_id, medium, address, ?
+                FROM user_threepids
+            """
+
+            txn.executemany(sql, [(id_server,) for id_server in id_servers])
+
+        if id_servers:
+            yield self.runInteraction(
+                "_bg_user_threepids_grandfather", _bg_user_threepids_grandfather_txn
+            )
+
+        yield self._end_background_update("user_threepids_grandfather")
+
+        return 1
+
+
+class RegistrationStore(RegistrationBackgroundUpdateStore):
+    def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
+        super(RegistrationStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
+
+        self._account_validity = hs.config.account_validity
+
+        # Create a background job for culling expired 3PID validity tokens
+        def start_cull():
+            # run as a background process to make sure that the database transactions
+            # have a logcontext to report to
+            return run_as_background_process(
+                "cull_expired_threepid_validation_tokens",
+                self.cull_expired_threepid_validation_tokens,
+            )
+
+        hs.get_clock().looping_call(start_cull, THIRTY_MINUTES_IN_MS)
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def add_access_token_to_user(self, user_id, token, device_id, valid_until_ms):
+        """Adds an access token for the given user.
+
+        Args:
+            user_id (str): The user ID.
+            token (str): The new access token to add.
+            device_id (str): ID of the device to associate with the access
+                token
+            valid_until_ms (int|None): when the token is valid until. None for
+                no expiry.
+        Raises:
+            StoreError if there was a problem adding this.
+        """
+        next_id = self._access_tokens_id_gen.get_next()
+
+        yield self._simple_insert(
+            "access_tokens",
+            {
+                "id": next_id,
+                "user_id": user_id,
+                "token": token,
+                "device_id": device_id,
+                "valid_until_ms": valid_until_ms,
+            },
+            desc="add_access_token_to_user",
+        )
+
+    def register_user(
+        self,
+        user_id,
+        password_hash=None,
+        was_guest=False,
+        make_guest=False,
+        appservice_id=None,
+        create_profile_with_displayname=None,
+        admin=False,
+        user_type=None,
+    ):
+        """Attempts to register an account.
+
+        Args:
+            user_id (str): The desired user ID to register.
+            password_hash (str): Optional. The password hash for this user.
+            was_guest (bool): Optional. Whether this is a guest account being
+                upgraded to a non-guest account.
+            make_guest (boolean): True if the the new user should be guest,
+                false to add a regular user account.
+            appservice_id (str): The ID of the appservice registering the user.
+            create_profile_with_displayname (unicode): Optionally create a profile for
+                the user, setting their displayname to the given value
+            admin (boolean): is an admin user?
+            user_type (str|None): type of user. One of the values from
+                api.constants.UserTypes, or None for a normal user.
+
+        Raises:
+            StoreError if the user_id could not be registered.
+        """
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "register_user",
+            self._register_user,
+            user_id,
+            password_hash,
+            was_guest,
+            make_guest,
+            appservice_id,
+            create_profile_with_displayname,
+            admin,
+            user_type,
+        )
+
+    def _register_user(
+        self,
+        txn,
+        user_id,
+        password_hash,
+        was_guest,
+        make_guest,
+        appservice_id,
+        create_profile_with_displayname,
+        admin,
+        user_type,
+    ):
+        user_id_obj = UserID.from_string(user_id)
+
+        now = int(self.clock.time())
+
+        try:
+            if was_guest:
+                # Ensure that the guest user actually exists
+                # ``allow_none=False`` makes this raise an exception
+                # if the row isn't in the database.
+                self._simple_select_one_txn(
+                    txn,
+                    "users",
+                    keyvalues={"name": user_id, "is_guest": 1},
+                    retcols=("name",),
+                    allow_none=False,
+                )
+
+                self._simple_update_one_txn(
+                    txn,
+                    "users",
+                    keyvalues={"name": user_id, "is_guest": 1},
+                    updatevalues={
+                        "password_hash": password_hash,
+                        "upgrade_ts": now,
+                        "is_guest": 1 if make_guest else 0,
+                        "appservice_id": appservice_id,
+                        "admin": 1 if admin else 0,
+                        "user_type": user_type,
+                    },
+                )
+            else:
+                self._simple_insert_txn(
+                    txn,
+                    "users",
+                    values={
+                        "name": user_id,
+                        "password_hash": password_hash,
+                        "creation_ts": now,
+                        "is_guest": 1 if make_guest else 0,
+                        "appservice_id": appservice_id,
+                        "admin": 1 if admin else 0,
+                        "user_type": user_type,
+                    },
+                )
+
+        except self.database_engine.module.IntegrityError:
+            raise StoreError(400, "User ID already taken.", errcode=Codes.USER_IN_USE)
+
+        if self._account_validity.enabled:
+            self.set_expiration_date_for_user_txn(txn, user_id)
+
+        if create_profile_with_displayname:
+            # set a default displayname serverside to avoid ugly race
+            # between auto-joins and clients trying to set displaynames
+            #
+            # *obviously* the 'profiles' table uses localpart for user_id
+            # while everything else uses the full mxid.
+            txn.execute(
+                "INSERT INTO profiles(user_id, displayname) VALUES (?,?)",
+                (user_id_obj.localpart, create_profile_with_displayname),
+            )
+
+        if self.hs.config.stats_enabled:
+            # we create a new completed user statistics row
+
+            # we don't strictly need current_token since this user really can't
+            # have any state deltas before now (as it is a new user), but still,
+            # we include it for completeness.
+            current_token = self._get_max_stream_id_in_current_state_deltas_txn(txn)
+            self._update_stats_delta_txn(
+                txn, now, "user", user_id, {}, complete_with_stream_id=current_token
+            )
+
+        self._invalidate_cache_and_stream(txn, self.get_user_by_id, (user_id,))
+        txn.call_after(self.is_guest.invalidate, (user_id,))
+
+    def record_user_external_id(
+        self, auth_provider: str, external_id: str, user_id: str
+    ) -> Deferred:
+        """Record a mapping from an external user id to a mxid
+
+        Args:
+            auth_provider: identifier for the remote auth provider
+            external_id: id on that system
+            user_id: complete mxid that it is mapped to
+        """
+        return self._simple_insert(
+            table="user_external_ids",
+            values={
+                "auth_provider": auth_provider,
+                "external_id": external_id,
+                "user_id": user_id,
+            },
+            desc="record_user_external_id",
+        )
+
+    def user_set_password_hash(self, user_id, password_hash):
+        """
+        NB. This does *not* evict any cache because the one use for this
+            removes most of the entries subsequently anyway so it would be
+            pointless. Use flush_user separately.
+        """
+
+        def user_set_password_hash_txn(txn):
+            self._simple_update_one_txn(
+                txn, "users", {"name": user_id}, {"password_hash": password_hash}
+            )
+            self._invalidate_cache_and_stream(txn, self.get_user_by_id, (user_id,))
+
+        return self.runInteraction("user_set_password_hash", user_set_password_hash_txn)
+
+    def user_set_consent_version(self, user_id, consent_version):
+        """Updates the user table to record privacy policy consent
+
+        Args:
+            user_id (str): full mxid of the user to update
+            consent_version (str): version of the policy the user has consented
+                to
+
+        Raises:
+            StoreError(404) if user not found
+        """
+
+        def f(txn):
+            self._simple_update_one_txn(
+                txn,
+                table="users",
+                keyvalues={"name": user_id},
+                updatevalues={"consent_version": consent_version},
+            )
+            self._invalidate_cache_and_stream(txn, self.get_user_by_id, (user_id,))
+
+        return self.runInteraction("user_set_consent_version", f)
+
+    def user_set_consent_server_notice_sent(self, user_id, consent_version):
+        """Updates the user table to record that we have sent the user a server
+        notice about privacy policy consent
+
+        Args:
+            user_id (str): full mxid of the user to update
+            consent_version (str): version of the policy we have notified the
+                user about
+
+        Raises:
+            StoreError(404) if user not found
+        """
+
+        def f(txn):
+            self._simple_update_one_txn(
+                txn,
+                table="users",
+                keyvalues={"name": user_id},
+                updatevalues={"consent_server_notice_sent": consent_version},
+            )
+            self._invalidate_cache_and_stream(txn, self.get_user_by_id, (user_id,))
+
+        return self.runInteraction("user_set_consent_server_notice_sent", f)
+
+    def user_delete_access_tokens(self, user_id, except_token_id=None, device_id=None):
+        """
+        Invalidate access tokens belonging to a user
+
+        Args:
+            user_id (str):  ID of user the tokens belong to
+            except_token_id (str): list of access_tokens IDs which should
+                *not* be deleted
+            device_id (str|None):  ID of device the tokens are associated with.
+                If None, tokens associated with any device (or no device) will
+                be deleted
+        Returns:
+            defer.Deferred[list[str, int, str|None, int]]: a list of
+                (token, token id, device id) for each of the deleted tokens
+        """
+
+        def f(txn):
+            keyvalues = {"user_id": user_id}
+            if device_id is not None:
+                keyvalues["device_id"] = device_id
+
+            items = keyvalues.items()
+            where_clause = " AND ".join(k + " = ?" for k, _ in items)
+            values = [v for _, v in items]
+            if except_token_id:
+                where_clause += " AND id != ?"
+                values.append(except_token_id)
+
+            txn.execute(
+                "SELECT token, id, device_id FROM access_tokens WHERE %s"
+                % where_clause,
+                values,
+            )
+            tokens_and_devices = [(r[0], r[1], r[2]) for r in txn]
+
+            for token, _, _ in tokens_and_devices:
+                self._invalidate_cache_and_stream(
+                    txn, self.get_user_by_access_token, (token,)
+                )
+
+            txn.execute("DELETE FROM access_tokens WHERE %s" % where_clause, values)
+
+            return tokens_and_devices
+
+        return self.runInteraction("user_delete_access_tokens", f)
+
+    def delete_access_token(self, access_token):
+        def f(txn):
+            self._simple_delete_one_txn(
+                txn, table="access_tokens", keyvalues={"token": access_token}
+            )
+
+            self._invalidate_cache_and_stream(
+                txn, self.get_user_by_access_token, (access_token,)
+            )
+
+        return self.runInteraction("delete_access_token", f)
+
+    @cachedInlineCallbacks()
+    def is_guest(self, user_id):
+        res = yield self._simple_select_one_onecol(
+            table="users",
+            keyvalues={"name": user_id},
+            retcol="is_guest",
+            allow_none=True,
+            desc="is_guest",
+        )
+
+        return res if res else False
+
+    def add_user_pending_deactivation(self, user_id):
+        """
+        Adds a user to the table of users who need to be parted from all the rooms they're
+        in
+        """
+        return self._simple_insert(
+            "users_pending_deactivation",
+            values={"user_id": user_id},
+            desc="add_user_pending_deactivation",
+        )
+
+    def del_user_pending_deactivation(self, user_id):
+        """
+        Removes the given user to the table of users who need to be parted from all the
+        rooms they're in, effectively marking that user as fully deactivated.
+        """
+        # XXX: This should be simple_delete_one but we failed to put a unique index on
+        # the table, so somehow duplicate entries have ended up in it.
+        return self._simple_delete(
+            "users_pending_deactivation",
+            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
+            desc="del_user_pending_deactivation",
+        )
+
+    def get_user_pending_deactivation(self):
+        """
+        Gets one user from the table of users waiting to be parted from all the rooms
+        they're in.
+        """
+        return self._simple_select_one_onecol(
+            "users_pending_deactivation",
+            keyvalues={},
+            retcol="user_id",
+            allow_none=True,
+            desc="get_users_pending_deactivation",
+        )
+
+    def validate_threepid_session(self, session_id, client_secret, token, current_ts):
+        """Attempt to validate a threepid session using a token
+
+        Args:
+            session_id (str): The id of a validation session
+            client_secret (str): A unique string provided by the client to
+                help identify this validation attempt
+            token (str): A validation token
+            current_ts (int): The current unix time in milliseconds. Used for
+                checking token expiry status
+
+        Raises:
+            ThreepidValidationError: if a matching validation token was not found or has
+                expired
+
+        Returns:
+            deferred str|None: A str representing a link to redirect the user
+            to if there is one.
+        """
+
+        # Insert everything into a transaction in order to run atomically
+        def validate_threepid_session_txn(txn):
+            row = self._simple_select_one_txn(
+                txn,
+                table="threepid_validation_session",
+                keyvalues={"session_id": session_id},
+                retcols=["client_secret", "validated_at"],
+                allow_none=True,
+            )
+
+            if not row:
+                raise ThreepidValidationError(400, "Unknown session_id")
+            retrieved_client_secret = row["client_secret"]
+            validated_at = row["validated_at"]
+
+            if retrieved_client_secret != client_secret:
+                raise ThreepidValidationError(
+                    400, "This client_secret does not match the provided session_id"
+                )
+
+            row = self._simple_select_one_txn(
+                txn,
+                table="threepid_validation_token",
+                keyvalues={"session_id": session_id, "token": token},
+                retcols=["expires", "next_link"],
+                allow_none=True,
+            )
+
+            if not row:
+                raise ThreepidValidationError(
+                    400, "Validation token not found or has expired"
+                )
+            expires = row["expires"]
+            next_link = row["next_link"]
+
+            # If the session is already validated, no need to revalidate
+            if validated_at:
+                return next_link
+
+            if expires <= current_ts:
+                raise ThreepidValidationError(
+                    400, "This token has expired. Please request a new one"
+                )
+
+            # Looks good. Validate the session
+            self._simple_update_txn(
+                txn,
+                table="threepid_validation_session",
+                keyvalues={"session_id": session_id},
+                updatevalues={"validated_at": self.clock.time_msec()},
+            )
+
+            return next_link
+
+        # Return next_link if it exists
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "validate_threepid_session_txn", validate_threepid_session_txn
+        )
+
+    def upsert_threepid_validation_session(
+        self,
+        medium,
+        address,
+        client_secret,
+        send_attempt,
+        session_id,
+        validated_at=None,
+    ):
+        """Upsert a threepid validation session
+        Args:
+            medium (str): The medium of the 3PID
+            address (str): The address of the 3PID
+            client_secret (str): A unique string provided by the client to
+                help identify this validation attempt
+            send_attempt (int): The latest send_attempt on this session
+            session_id (str): The id of this validation session
+            validated_at (int|None): The unix timestamp in milliseconds of
+                when the session was marked as valid
+        """
+        insertion_values = {
+            "medium": medium,
+            "address": address,
+            "client_secret": client_secret,
+        }
+
+        if validated_at:
+            insertion_values["validated_at"] = validated_at
+
+        return self._simple_upsert(
+            table="threepid_validation_session",
+            keyvalues={"session_id": session_id},
+            values={"last_send_attempt": send_attempt},
+            insertion_values=insertion_values,
+            desc="upsert_threepid_validation_session",
+        )
+
+    def start_or_continue_validation_session(
+        self,
+        medium,
+        address,
+        session_id,
+        client_secret,
+        send_attempt,
+        next_link,
+        token,
+        token_expires,
+    ):
+        """Creates a new threepid validation session if it does not already
+        exist and associates a new validation token with it
+
+        Args:
+            medium (str): The medium of the 3PID
+            address (str): The address of the 3PID
+            session_id (str): The id of this validation session
+            client_secret (str): A unique string provided by the client to
+                help identify this validation attempt
+            send_attempt (int): The latest send_attempt on this session
+            next_link (str|None): The link to redirect the user to upon
+                successful validation
+            token (str): The validation token
+            token_expires (int): The timestamp for which after the token
+                will no longer be valid
+        """
+
+        def start_or_continue_validation_session_txn(txn):
+            # Create or update a validation session
+            self._simple_upsert_txn(
+                txn,
+                table="threepid_validation_session",
+                keyvalues={"session_id": session_id},
+                values={"last_send_attempt": send_attempt},
+                insertion_values={
+                    "medium": medium,
+                    "address": address,
+                    "client_secret": client_secret,
+                },
+            )
+
+            # Create a new validation token with this session ID
+            self._simple_insert_txn(
+                txn,
+                table="threepid_validation_token",
+                values={
+                    "session_id": session_id,
+                    "token": token,
+                    "next_link": next_link,
+                    "expires": token_expires,
+                },
+            )
+
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "start_or_continue_validation_session",
+            start_or_continue_validation_session_txn,
+        )
+
+    def cull_expired_threepid_validation_tokens(self):
+        """Remove threepid validation tokens with expiry dates that have passed"""
+
+        def cull_expired_threepid_validation_tokens_txn(txn, ts):
+            sql = """
+            DELETE FROM threepid_validation_token WHERE
+            expires < ?
+            """
+            return txn.execute(sql, (ts,))
+
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "cull_expired_threepid_validation_tokens",
+            cull_expired_threepid_validation_tokens_txn,
+            self.clock.time_msec(),
+        )
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def set_user_deactivated_status(self, user_id, deactivated):
+        """Set the `deactivated` property for the provided user to the provided value.
+
+        Args:
+            user_id (str): The ID of the user to set the status for.
+            deactivated (bool): The value to set for `deactivated`.
+        """
+
+        yield self.runInteraction(
+            "set_user_deactivated_status",
+            self.set_user_deactivated_status_txn,
+            user_id,
+            deactivated,
+        )
+
+    def set_user_deactivated_status_txn(self, txn, user_id, deactivated):
+        self._simple_update_one_txn(
+            txn=txn,
+            table="users",
+            keyvalues={"name": user_id},
+            updatevalues={"deactivated": 1 if deactivated else 0},
+        )
+        self._invalidate_cache_and_stream(
+            txn, self.get_user_deactivated_status, (user_id,)
+        )
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/rejections.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/rejections.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7d5de0ea2e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/rejections.py
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import logging
+
+from synapse.storage._base import SQLBaseStore
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class RejectionsStore(SQLBaseStore):
+    def _store_rejections_txn(self, txn, event_id, reason):
+        self._simple_insert_txn(
+            txn,
+            table="rejections",
+            values={
+                "event_id": event_id,
+                "reason": reason,
+                "last_check": self._clock.time_msec(),
+            },
+        )
+
+    def get_rejection_reason(self, event_id):
+        return self._simple_select_one_onecol(
+            table="rejections",
+            retcol="reason",
+            keyvalues={"event_id": event_id},
+            allow_none=True,
+            desc="get_rejection_reason",
+        )
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/relations.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/relations.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..858f65582b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/relations.py
@@ -0,0 +1,385 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import logging
+
+import attr
+
+from synapse.api.constants import RelationTypes
+from synapse.storage._base import SQLBaseStore
+from synapse.storage.data_stores.main.stream import generate_pagination_where_clause
+from synapse.storage.relations import (
+    AggregationPaginationToken,
+    PaginationChunk,
+    RelationPaginationToken,
+)
+from synapse.util.caches.descriptors import cached, cachedInlineCallbacks
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class RelationsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
+    @cached(tree=True)
+    def get_relations_for_event(
+        self,
+        event_id,
+        relation_type=None,
+        event_type=None,
+        aggregation_key=None,
+        limit=5,
+        direction="b",
+        from_token=None,
+        to_token=None,
+    ):
+        """Get a list of relations for an event, ordered by topological ordering.
+
+        Args:
+            event_id (str): Fetch events that relate to this event ID.
+            relation_type (str|None): Only fetch events with this relation
+                type, if given.
+            event_type (str|None): Only fetch events with this event type, if
+                given.
+            aggregation_key (str|None): Only fetch events with this aggregation
+                key, if given.
+            limit (int): Only fetch the most recent `limit` events.
+            direction (str): Whether to fetch the most recent first (`"b"`) or
+                the oldest first (`"f"`).
+            from_token (RelationPaginationToken|None): Fetch rows from the given
+                token, or from the start if None.
+            to_token (RelationPaginationToken|None): Fetch rows up to the given
+                token, or up to the end if None.
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred[PaginationChunk]: List of event IDs that match relations
+            requested. The rows are of the form `{"event_id": "..."}`.
+        """
+
+        where_clause = ["relates_to_id = ?"]
+        where_args = [event_id]
+
+        if relation_type is not None:
+            where_clause.append("relation_type = ?")
+            where_args.append(relation_type)
+
+        if event_type is not None:
+            where_clause.append("type = ?")
+            where_args.append(event_type)
+
+        if aggregation_key:
+            where_clause.append("aggregation_key = ?")
+            where_args.append(aggregation_key)
+
+        pagination_clause = generate_pagination_where_clause(
+            direction=direction,
+            column_names=("topological_ordering", "stream_ordering"),
+            from_token=attr.astuple(from_token) if from_token else None,
+            to_token=attr.astuple(to_token) if to_token else None,
+            engine=self.database_engine,
+        )
+
+        if pagination_clause:
+            where_clause.append(pagination_clause)
+
+        if direction == "b":
+            order = "DESC"
+        else:
+            order = "ASC"
+
+        sql = """
+            SELECT event_id, topological_ordering, stream_ordering
+            FROM event_relations
+            INNER JOIN events USING (event_id)
+            WHERE %s
+            ORDER BY topological_ordering %s, stream_ordering %s
+            LIMIT ?
+        """ % (
+            " AND ".join(where_clause),
+            order,
+            order,
+        )
+
+        def _get_recent_references_for_event_txn(txn):
+            txn.execute(sql, where_args + [limit + 1])
+
+            last_topo_id = None
+            last_stream_id = None
+            events = []
+            for row in txn:
+                events.append({"event_id": row[0]})
+                last_topo_id = row[1]
+                last_stream_id = row[2]
+
+            next_batch = None
+            if len(events) > limit and last_topo_id and last_stream_id:
+                next_batch = RelationPaginationToken(last_topo_id, last_stream_id)
+
+            return PaginationChunk(
+                chunk=list(events[:limit]), next_batch=next_batch, prev_batch=from_token
+            )
+
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "get_recent_references_for_event", _get_recent_references_for_event_txn
+        )
+
+    @cached(tree=True)
+    def get_aggregation_groups_for_event(
+        self,
+        event_id,
+        event_type=None,
+        limit=5,
+        direction="b",
+        from_token=None,
+        to_token=None,
+    ):
+        """Get a list of annotations on the event, grouped by event type and
+        aggregation key, sorted by count.
+
+        This is used e.g. to get the what and how many reactions have happend
+        on an event.
+
+        Args:
+            event_id (str): Fetch events that relate to this event ID.
+            event_type (str|None): Only fetch events with this event type, if
+                given.
+            limit (int): Only fetch the `limit` groups.
+            direction (str): Whether to fetch the highest count first (`"b"`) or
+                the lowest count first (`"f"`).
+            from_token (AggregationPaginationToken|None): Fetch rows from the
+                given token, or from the start if None.
+            to_token (AggregationPaginationToken|None): Fetch rows up to the
+                given token, or up to the end if None.
+
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred[PaginationChunk]: List of groups of annotations that
+            match. Each row is a dict with `type`, `key` and `count` fields.
+        """
+
+        where_clause = ["relates_to_id = ?", "relation_type = ?"]
+        where_args = [event_id, RelationTypes.ANNOTATION]
+
+        if event_type:
+            where_clause.append("type = ?")
+            where_args.append(event_type)
+
+        having_clause = generate_pagination_where_clause(
+            direction=direction,
+            column_names=("COUNT(*)", "MAX(stream_ordering)"),
+            from_token=attr.astuple(from_token) if from_token else None,
+            to_token=attr.astuple(to_token) if to_token else None,
+            engine=self.database_engine,
+        )
+
+        if direction == "b":
+            order = "DESC"
+        else:
+            order = "ASC"
+
+        if having_clause:
+            having_clause = "HAVING " + having_clause
+        else:
+            having_clause = ""
+
+        sql = """
+            SELECT type, aggregation_key, COUNT(DISTINCT sender), MAX(stream_ordering)
+            FROM event_relations
+            INNER JOIN events USING (event_id)
+            WHERE {where_clause}
+            GROUP BY relation_type, type, aggregation_key
+            {having_clause}
+            ORDER BY COUNT(*) {order}, MAX(stream_ordering) {order}
+            LIMIT ?
+        """.format(
+            where_clause=" AND ".join(where_clause),
+            order=order,
+            having_clause=having_clause,
+        )
+
+        def _get_aggregation_groups_for_event_txn(txn):
+            txn.execute(sql, where_args + [limit + 1])
+
+            next_batch = None
+            events = []
+            for row in txn:
+                events.append({"type": row[0], "key": row[1], "count": row[2]})
+                next_batch = AggregationPaginationToken(row[2], row[3])
+
+            if len(events) <= limit:
+                next_batch = None
+
+            return PaginationChunk(
+                chunk=list(events[:limit]), next_batch=next_batch, prev_batch=from_token
+            )
+
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "get_aggregation_groups_for_event", _get_aggregation_groups_for_event_txn
+        )
+
+    @cachedInlineCallbacks()
+    def get_applicable_edit(self, event_id):
+        """Get the most recent edit (if any) that has happened for the given
+        event.
+
+        Correctly handles checking whether edits were allowed to happen.
+
+        Args:
+            event_id (str): The original event ID
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred[EventBase|None]: Returns the most recent edit, if any.
+        """
+
+        # We only allow edits for `m.room.message` events that have the same sender
+        # and event type. We can't assert these things during regular event auth so
+        # we have to do the checks post hoc.
+
+        # Fetches latest edit that has the same type and sender as the
+        # original, and is an `m.room.message`.
+        sql = """
+            SELECT edit.event_id FROM events AS edit
+            INNER JOIN event_relations USING (event_id)
+            INNER JOIN events AS original ON
+                original.event_id = relates_to_id
+                AND edit.type = original.type
+                AND edit.sender = original.sender
+            WHERE
+                relates_to_id = ?
+                AND relation_type = ?
+                AND edit.type = 'm.room.message'
+            ORDER by edit.origin_server_ts DESC, edit.event_id DESC
+            LIMIT 1
+        """
+
+        def _get_applicable_edit_txn(txn):
+            txn.execute(sql, (event_id, RelationTypes.REPLACE))
+            row = txn.fetchone()
+            if row:
+                return row[0]
+
+        edit_id = yield self.runInteraction(
+            "get_applicable_edit", _get_applicable_edit_txn
+        )
+
+        if not edit_id:
+            return
+
+        edit_event = yield self.get_event(edit_id, allow_none=True)
+        return edit_event
+
+    def has_user_annotated_event(self, parent_id, event_type, aggregation_key, sender):
+        """Check if a user has already annotated an event with the same key
+        (e.g. already liked an event).
+
+        Args:
+            parent_id (str): The event being annotated
+            event_type (str): The event type of the annotation
+            aggregation_key (str): The aggregation key of the annotation
+            sender (str): The sender of the annotation
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred[bool]
+        """
+
+        sql = """
+            SELECT 1 FROM event_relations
+            INNER JOIN events USING (event_id)
+            WHERE
+                relates_to_id = ?
+                AND relation_type = ?
+                AND type = ?
+                AND sender = ?
+                AND aggregation_key = ?
+            LIMIT 1;
+        """
+
+        def _get_if_user_has_annotated_event(txn):
+            txn.execute(
+                sql,
+                (
+                    parent_id,
+                    RelationTypes.ANNOTATION,
+                    event_type,
+                    sender,
+                    aggregation_key,
+                ),
+            )
+
+            return bool(txn.fetchone())
+
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "get_if_user_has_annotated_event", _get_if_user_has_annotated_event
+        )
+
+
+class RelationsStore(RelationsWorkerStore):
+    def _handle_event_relations(self, txn, event):
+        """Handles inserting relation data during peristence of events
+
+        Args:
+            txn
+            event (EventBase)
+        """
+        relation = event.content.get("m.relates_to")
+        if not relation:
+            # No relations
+            return
+
+        rel_type = relation.get("rel_type")
+        if rel_type not in (
+            RelationTypes.ANNOTATION,
+            RelationTypes.REFERENCE,
+            RelationTypes.REPLACE,
+        ):
+            # Unknown relation type
+            return
+
+        parent_id = relation.get("event_id")
+        if not parent_id:
+            # Invalid relation
+            return
+
+        aggregation_key = relation.get("key")
+
+        self._simple_insert_txn(
+            txn,
+            table="event_relations",
+            values={
+                "event_id": event.event_id,
+                "relates_to_id": parent_id,
+                "relation_type": rel_type,
+                "aggregation_key": aggregation_key,
+            },
+        )
+
+        txn.call_after(self.get_relations_for_event.invalidate_many, (parent_id,))
+        txn.call_after(
+            self.get_aggregation_groups_for_event.invalidate_many, (parent_id,)
+        )
+
+        if rel_type == RelationTypes.REPLACE:
+            txn.call_after(self.get_applicable_edit.invalidate, (parent_id,))
+
+    def _handle_redaction(self, txn, redacted_event_id):
+        """Handles receiving a redaction and checking whether we need to remove
+        any redacted relations from the database.
+
+        Args:
+            txn
+            redacted_event_id (str): The event that was redacted.
+        """
+
+        self._simple_delete_txn(
+            txn, table="event_relations", keyvalues={"event_id": redacted_event_id}
+        )
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/room.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/room.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4428e5c55d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/room.py
@@ -0,0 +1,681 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+# Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import collections
+import logging
+import re
+from typing import Optional, Tuple
+
+from canonicaljson import json
+
+from twisted.internet import defer
+
+from synapse.api.errors import StoreError
+from synapse.storage._base import SQLBaseStore
+from synapse.storage.data_stores.main.search import SearchStore
+from synapse.types import ThirdPartyInstanceID
+from synapse.util.caches.descriptors import cached, cachedInlineCallbacks
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+OpsLevel = collections.namedtuple(
+    "OpsLevel", ("ban_level", "kick_level", "redact_level")
+)
+
+RatelimitOverride = collections.namedtuple(
+    "RatelimitOverride", ("messages_per_second", "burst_count")
+)
+
+
+class RoomWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
+    def get_room(self, room_id):
+        """Retrieve a room.
+
+        Args:
+            room_id (str): The ID of the room to retrieve.
+        Returns:
+            A dict containing the room information, or None if the room is unknown.
+        """
+        return self._simple_select_one(
+            table="rooms",
+            keyvalues={"room_id": room_id},
+            retcols=("room_id", "is_public", "creator"),
+            desc="get_room",
+            allow_none=True,
+        )
+
+    def get_public_room_ids(self):
+        return self._simple_select_onecol(
+            table="rooms",
+            keyvalues={"is_public": True},
+            retcol="room_id",
+            desc="get_public_room_ids",
+        )
+
+    def count_public_rooms(self, network_tuple, ignore_non_federatable):
+        """Counts the number of public rooms as tracked in the room_stats_current
+        and room_stats_state table.
+
+        Args:
+            network_tuple (ThirdPartyInstanceID|None)
+            ignore_non_federatable (bool): If true filters out non-federatable rooms
+        """
+
+        def _count_public_rooms_txn(txn):
+            query_args = []
+
+            if network_tuple:
+                if network_tuple.appservice_id:
+                    published_sql = """
+                        SELECT room_id from appservice_room_list
+                        WHERE appservice_id = ? AND network_id = ?
+                    """
+                    query_args.append(network_tuple.appservice_id)
+                    query_args.append(network_tuple.network_id)
+                else:
+                    published_sql = """
+                        SELECT room_id FROM rooms WHERE is_public
+                    """
+            else:
+                published_sql = """
+                    SELECT room_id FROM rooms WHERE is_public
+                    UNION SELECT room_id from appservice_room_list
+            """
+
+            sql = """
+                SELECT
+                    COALESCE(COUNT(*), 0)
+                FROM (
+                    %(published_sql)s
+                ) published
+                INNER JOIN room_stats_state USING (room_id)
+                INNER JOIN room_stats_current USING (room_id)
+                WHERE
+                    (
+                        join_rules = 'public' OR history_visibility = 'world_readable'
+                    )
+                    AND joined_members > 0
+            """ % {
+                "published_sql": published_sql
+            }
+
+            txn.execute(sql, query_args)
+            return txn.fetchone()[0]
+
+        return self.runInteraction("count_public_rooms", _count_public_rooms_txn)
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_largest_public_rooms(
+        self,
+        network_tuple: Optional[ThirdPartyInstanceID],
+        search_filter: Optional[dict],
+        limit: Optional[int],
+        bounds: Optional[Tuple[int, str]],
+        forwards: bool,
+        ignore_non_federatable: bool = False,
+    ):
+        """Gets the largest public rooms (where largest is in terms of joined
+        members, as tracked in the statistics table).
+
+        Args:
+            network_tuple
+            search_filter
+            limit: Maxmimum number of rows to return, unlimited otherwise.
+            bounds: An uppoer or lower bound to apply to result set if given,
+                consists of a joined member count and room_id (these are
+                excluded from result set).
+            forwards: true iff going forwards, going backwards otherwise
+            ignore_non_federatable: If true filters out non-federatable rooms.
+
+        Returns:
+            Rooms in order: biggest number of joined users first.
+            We then arbitrarily use the room_id as a tie breaker.
+
+        """
+
+        where_clauses = []
+        query_args = []
+
+        if network_tuple:
+            if network_tuple.appservice_id:
+                published_sql = """
+                    SELECT room_id from appservice_room_list
+                    WHERE appservice_id = ? AND network_id = ?
+                """
+                query_args.append(network_tuple.appservice_id)
+                query_args.append(network_tuple.network_id)
+            else:
+                published_sql = """
+                    SELECT room_id FROM rooms WHERE is_public
+                """
+        else:
+            published_sql = """
+                SELECT room_id FROM rooms WHERE is_public
+                UNION SELECT room_id from appservice_room_list
+            """
+
+        # Work out the bounds if we're given them, these bounds look slightly
+        # odd, but are designed to help query planner use indices by pulling
+        # out a common bound.
+        if bounds:
+            last_joined_members, last_room_id = bounds
+            if forwards:
+                where_clauses.append(
+                    """
+                        joined_members <= ? AND (
+                            joined_members < ? OR room_id < ?
+                        )
+                    """
+                )
+            else:
+                where_clauses.append(
+                    """
+                        joined_members >= ? AND (
+                            joined_members > ? OR room_id > ?
+                        )
+                    """
+                )
+
+            query_args += [last_joined_members, last_joined_members, last_room_id]
+
+        if ignore_non_federatable:
+            where_clauses.append("is_federatable")
+
+        if search_filter and search_filter.get("generic_search_term", None):
+            search_term = "%" + search_filter["generic_search_term"] + "%"
+
+            where_clauses.append(
+                """
+                    (
+                        name LIKE ?
+                        OR topic LIKE ?
+                        OR canonical_alias LIKE ?
+                    )
+                """
+            )
+            query_args += [search_term, search_term, search_term]
+
+        where_clause = ""
+        if where_clauses:
+            where_clause = " AND " + " AND ".join(where_clauses)
+
+        sql = """
+            SELECT
+                room_id, name, topic, canonical_alias, joined_members,
+                avatar, history_visibility, joined_members, guest_access
+            FROM (
+                %(published_sql)s
+            ) published
+            INNER JOIN room_stats_state USING (room_id)
+            INNER JOIN room_stats_current USING (room_id)
+            WHERE
+                (
+                    join_rules = 'public' OR history_visibility = 'world_readable'
+                )
+                AND joined_members > 0
+                %(where_clause)s
+            ORDER BY joined_members %(dir)s, room_id %(dir)s
+        """ % {
+            "published_sql": published_sql,
+            "where_clause": where_clause,
+            "dir": "DESC" if forwards else "ASC",
+        }
+
+        if limit is not None:
+            query_args.append(limit)
+
+            sql += """
+                LIMIT ?
+            """
+
+        def _get_largest_public_rooms_txn(txn):
+            txn.execute(sql, query_args)
+
+            results = self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
+
+            if not forwards:
+                results.reverse()
+
+            return results
+
+        ret_val = yield self.runInteraction(
+            "get_largest_public_rooms", _get_largest_public_rooms_txn
+        )
+        defer.returnValue(ret_val)
+
+    @cached(max_entries=10000)
+    def is_room_blocked(self, room_id):
+        return self._simple_select_one_onecol(
+            table="blocked_rooms",
+            keyvalues={"room_id": room_id},
+            retcol="1",
+            allow_none=True,
+            desc="is_room_blocked",
+        )
+
+    @cachedInlineCallbacks(max_entries=10000)
+    def get_ratelimit_for_user(self, user_id):
+        """Check if there are any overrides for ratelimiting for the given
+        user
+
+        Args:
+            user_id (str)
+
+        Returns:
+            RatelimitOverride if there is an override, else None. If the contents
+            of RatelimitOverride are None or 0 then ratelimitng has been
+            disabled for that user entirely.
+        """
+        row = yield self._simple_select_one(
+            table="ratelimit_override",
+            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
+            retcols=("messages_per_second", "burst_count"),
+            allow_none=True,
+            desc="get_ratelimit_for_user",
+        )
+
+        if row:
+            return RatelimitOverride(
+                messages_per_second=row["messages_per_second"],
+                burst_count=row["burst_count"],
+            )
+        else:
+            return None
+
+
+class RoomStore(RoomWorkerStore, SearchStore):
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def store_room(self, room_id, room_creator_user_id, is_public):
+        """Stores a room.
+
+        Args:
+            room_id (str): The desired room ID, can be None.
+            room_creator_user_id (str): The user ID of the room creator.
+            is_public (bool): True to indicate that this room should appear in
+            public room lists.
+        Raises:
+            StoreError if the room could not be stored.
+        """
+        try:
+
+            def store_room_txn(txn, next_id):
+                self._simple_insert_txn(
+                    txn,
+                    "rooms",
+                    {
+                        "room_id": room_id,
+                        "creator": room_creator_user_id,
+                        "is_public": is_public,
+                    },
+                )
+                if is_public:
+                    self._simple_insert_txn(
+                        txn,
+                        table="public_room_list_stream",
+                        values={
+                            "stream_id": next_id,
+                            "room_id": room_id,
+                            "visibility": is_public,
+                        },
+                    )
+
+            with self._public_room_id_gen.get_next() as next_id:
+                yield self.runInteraction("store_room_txn", store_room_txn, next_id)
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.error("store_room with room_id=%s failed: %s", room_id, e)
+            raise StoreError(500, "Problem creating room.")
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def set_room_is_public(self, room_id, is_public):
+        def set_room_is_public_txn(txn, next_id):
+            self._simple_update_one_txn(
+                txn,
+                table="rooms",
+                keyvalues={"room_id": room_id},
+                updatevalues={"is_public": is_public},
+            )
+
+            entries = self._simple_select_list_txn(
+                txn,
+                table="public_room_list_stream",
+                keyvalues={
+                    "room_id": room_id,
+                    "appservice_id": None,
+                    "network_id": None,
+                },
+                retcols=("stream_id", "visibility"),
+            )
+
+            entries.sort(key=lambda r: r["stream_id"])
+
+            add_to_stream = True
+            if entries:
+                add_to_stream = bool(entries[-1]["visibility"]) != is_public
+
+            if add_to_stream:
+                self._simple_insert_txn(
+                    txn,
+                    table="public_room_list_stream",
+                    values={
+                        "stream_id": next_id,
+                        "room_id": room_id,
+                        "visibility": is_public,
+                        "appservice_id": None,
+                        "network_id": None,
+                    },
+                )
+
+        with self._public_room_id_gen.get_next() as next_id:
+            yield self.runInteraction(
+                "set_room_is_public", set_room_is_public_txn, next_id
+            )
+        self.hs.get_notifier().on_new_replication_data()
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def set_room_is_public_appservice(
+        self, room_id, appservice_id, network_id, is_public
+    ):
+        """Edit the appservice/network specific public room list.
+
+        Each appservice can have a number of published room lists associated
+        with them, keyed off of an appservice defined `network_id`, which
+        basically represents a single instance of a bridge to a third party
+        network.
+
+        Args:
+            room_id (str)
+            appservice_id (str)
+            network_id (str)
+            is_public (bool): Whether to publish or unpublish the room from the
+                list.
+        """
+
+        def set_room_is_public_appservice_txn(txn, next_id):
+            if is_public:
+                try:
+                    self._simple_insert_txn(
+                        txn,
+                        table="appservice_room_list",
+                        values={
+                            "appservice_id": appservice_id,
+                            "network_id": network_id,
+                            "room_id": room_id,
+                        },
+                    )
+                except self.database_engine.module.IntegrityError:
+                    # We've already inserted, nothing to do.
+                    return
+            else:
+                self._simple_delete_txn(
+                    txn,
+                    table="appservice_room_list",
+                    keyvalues={
+                        "appservice_id": appservice_id,
+                        "network_id": network_id,
+                        "room_id": room_id,
+                    },
+                )
+
+            entries = self._simple_select_list_txn(
+                txn,
+                table="public_room_list_stream",
+                keyvalues={
+                    "room_id": room_id,
+                    "appservice_id": appservice_id,
+                    "network_id": network_id,
+                },
+                retcols=("stream_id", "visibility"),
+            )
+
+            entries.sort(key=lambda r: r["stream_id"])
+
+            add_to_stream = True
+            if entries:
+                add_to_stream = bool(entries[-1]["visibility"]) != is_public
+
+            if add_to_stream:
+                self._simple_insert_txn(
+                    txn,
+                    table="public_room_list_stream",
+                    values={
+                        "stream_id": next_id,
+                        "room_id": room_id,
+                        "visibility": is_public,
+                        "appservice_id": appservice_id,
+                        "network_id": network_id,
+                    },
+                )
+
+        with self._public_room_id_gen.get_next() as next_id:
+            yield self.runInteraction(
+                "set_room_is_public_appservice",
+                set_room_is_public_appservice_txn,
+                next_id,
+            )
+        self.hs.get_notifier().on_new_replication_data()
+
+    def get_room_count(self):
+        """Retrieve a list of all rooms
+        """
+
+        def f(txn):
+            sql = "SELECT count(*)  FROM rooms"
+            txn.execute(sql)
+            row = txn.fetchone()
+            return row[0] or 0
+
+        return self.runInteraction("get_rooms", f)
+
+    def _store_room_topic_txn(self, txn, event):
+        if hasattr(event, "content") and "topic" in event.content:
+            self.store_event_search_txn(
+                txn, event, "content.topic", event.content["topic"]
+            )
+
+    def _store_room_name_txn(self, txn, event):
+        if hasattr(event, "content") and "name" in event.content:
+            self.store_event_search_txn(
+                txn, event, "content.name", event.content["name"]
+            )
+
+    def _store_room_message_txn(self, txn, event):
+        if hasattr(event, "content") and "body" in event.content:
+            self.store_event_search_txn(
+                txn, event, "content.body", event.content["body"]
+            )
+
+    def add_event_report(
+        self, room_id, event_id, user_id, reason, content, received_ts
+    ):
+        next_id = self._event_reports_id_gen.get_next()
+        return self._simple_insert(
+            table="event_reports",
+            values={
+                "id": next_id,
+                "received_ts": received_ts,
+                "room_id": room_id,
+                "event_id": event_id,
+                "user_id": user_id,
+                "reason": reason,
+                "content": json.dumps(content),
+            },
+            desc="add_event_report",
+        )
+
+    def get_current_public_room_stream_id(self):
+        return self._public_room_id_gen.get_current_token()
+
+    def get_all_new_public_rooms(self, prev_id, current_id, limit):
+        def get_all_new_public_rooms(txn):
+            sql = """
+                SELECT stream_id, room_id, visibility, appservice_id, network_id
+                FROM public_room_list_stream
+                WHERE stream_id > ? AND stream_id <= ?
+                ORDER BY stream_id ASC
+                LIMIT ?
+            """
+
+            txn.execute(sql, (prev_id, current_id, limit))
+            return txn.fetchall()
+
+        if prev_id == current_id:
+            return defer.succeed([])
+
+        return self.runInteraction("get_all_new_public_rooms", get_all_new_public_rooms)
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def block_room(self, room_id, user_id):
+        """Marks the room as blocked. Can be called multiple times.
+
+        Args:
+            room_id (str): Room to block
+            user_id (str): Who blocked it
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred
+        """
+        yield self._simple_upsert(
+            table="blocked_rooms",
+            keyvalues={"room_id": room_id},
+            values={},
+            insertion_values={"user_id": user_id},
+            desc="block_room",
+        )
+        yield self.runInteraction(
+            "block_room_invalidation",
+            self._invalidate_cache_and_stream,
+            self.is_room_blocked,
+            (room_id,),
+        )
+
+    def get_media_mxcs_in_room(self, room_id):
+        """Retrieves all the local and remote media MXC URIs in a given room
+
+        Args:
+            room_id (str)
+
+        Returns:
+            The local and remote media as a lists of tuples where the key is
+            the hostname and the value is the media ID.
+        """
+
+        def _get_media_mxcs_in_room_txn(txn):
+            local_mxcs, remote_mxcs = self._get_media_mxcs_in_room_txn(txn, room_id)
+            local_media_mxcs = []
+            remote_media_mxcs = []
+
+            # Convert the IDs to MXC URIs
+            for media_id in local_mxcs:
+                local_media_mxcs.append("mxc://%s/%s" % (self.hs.hostname, media_id))
+            for hostname, media_id in remote_mxcs:
+                remote_media_mxcs.append("mxc://%s/%s" % (hostname, media_id))
+
+            return local_media_mxcs, remote_media_mxcs
+
+        return self.runInteraction("get_media_ids_in_room", _get_media_mxcs_in_room_txn)
+
+    def quarantine_media_ids_in_room(self, room_id, quarantined_by):
+        """For a room loops through all events with media and quarantines
+        the associated media
+        """
+
+        def _quarantine_media_in_room_txn(txn):
+            local_mxcs, remote_mxcs = self._get_media_mxcs_in_room_txn(txn, room_id)
+            total_media_quarantined = 0
+
+            # Now update all the tables to set the quarantined_by flag
+
+            txn.executemany(
+                """
+                UPDATE local_media_repository
+                SET quarantined_by = ?
+                WHERE media_id = ?
+            """,
+                ((quarantined_by, media_id) for media_id in local_mxcs),
+            )
+
+            txn.executemany(
+                """
+                    UPDATE remote_media_cache
+                    SET quarantined_by = ?
+                    WHERE media_origin = ? AND media_id = ?
+                """,
+                (
+                    (quarantined_by, origin, media_id)
+                    for origin, media_id in remote_mxcs
+                ),
+            )
+
+            total_media_quarantined += len(local_mxcs)
+            total_media_quarantined += len(remote_mxcs)
+
+            return total_media_quarantined
+
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "quarantine_media_in_room", _quarantine_media_in_room_txn
+        )
+
+    def _get_media_mxcs_in_room_txn(self, txn, room_id):
+        """Retrieves all the local and remote media MXC URIs in a given room
+
+        Args:
+            txn (cursor)
+            room_id (str)
+
+        Returns:
+            The local and remote media as a lists of tuples where the key is
+            the hostname and the value is the media ID.
+        """
+        mxc_re = re.compile("^mxc://([^/]+)/([^/#?]+)")
+
+        next_token = self.get_current_events_token() + 1
+        local_media_mxcs = []
+        remote_media_mxcs = []
+
+        while next_token:
+            sql = """
+                SELECT stream_ordering, json FROM events
+                JOIN event_json USING (room_id, event_id)
+                WHERE room_id = ?
+                    AND stream_ordering < ?
+                    AND contains_url = ? AND outlier = ?
+                ORDER BY stream_ordering DESC
+                LIMIT ?
+            """
+            txn.execute(sql, (room_id, next_token, True, False, 100))
+
+            next_token = None
+            for stream_ordering, content_json in txn:
+                next_token = stream_ordering
+                event_json = json.loads(content_json)
+                content = event_json["content"]
+                content_url = content.get("url")
+                thumbnail_url = content.get("info", {}).get("thumbnail_url")
+
+                for url in (content_url, thumbnail_url):
+                    if not url:
+                        continue
+                    matches = mxc_re.match(url)
+                    if matches:
+                        hostname = matches.group(1)
+                        media_id = matches.group(2)
+                        if hostname == self.hs.hostname:
+                            local_media_mxcs.append(media_id)
+                        else:
+                            remote_media_mxcs.append((hostname, media_id))
+
+        return local_media_mxcs, remote_media_mxcs
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/roommember.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/roommember.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e47ab604dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/roommember.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1145 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+# Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import logging
+
+from six import iteritems, itervalues
+
+from canonicaljson import json
+
+from twisted.internet import defer
+
+from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes, Membership
+from synapse.metrics import LaterGauge
+from synapse.metrics.background_process_metrics import run_as_background_process
+from synapse.storage._base import LoggingTransaction, make_in_list_sql_clause
+from synapse.storage.background_updates import BackgroundUpdateStore
+from synapse.storage.data_stores.main.events_worker import EventsWorkerStore
+from synapse.storage.engines import Sqlite3Engine
+from synapse.storage.roommember import (
+    GetRoomsForUserWithStreamOrdering,
+    MemberSummary,
+    ProfileInfo,
+    RoomsForUser,
+)
+from synapse.types import get_domain_from_id
+from synapse.util.async_helpers import Linearizer
+from synapse.util.caches import intern_string
+from synapse.util.caches.descriptors import cached, cachedInlineCallbacks, cachedList
+from synapse.util.metrics import Measure
+from synapse.util.stringutils import to_ascii
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+_MEMBERSHIP_PROFILE_UPDATE_NAME = "room_membership_profile_update"
+_CURRENT_STATE_MEMBERSHIP_UPDATE_NAME = "current_state_events_membership"
+
+
+class RoomMemberWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore):
+    def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
+        super(RoomMemberWorkerStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
+
+        # Is the current_state_events.membership up to date? Or is the
+        # background update still running?
+        self._current_state_events_membership_up_to_date = False
+
+        txn = LoggingTransaction(
+            db_conn.cursor(),
+            name="_check_safe_current_state_events_membership_updated",
+            database_engine=self.database_engine,
+        )
+        self._check_safe_current_state_events_membership_updated_txn(txn)
+        txn.close()
+
+        if self.hs.config.metrics_flags.known_servers:
+            self._known_servers_count = 1
+            self.hs.get_clock().looping_call(
+                run_as_background_process,
+                60 * 1000,
+                "_count_known_servers",
+                self._count_known_servers,
+            )
+            self.hs.get_clock().call_later(
+                1000,
+                run_as_background_process,
+                "_count_known_servers",
+                self._count_known_servers,
+            )
+            LaterGauge(
+                "synapse_federation_known_servers",
+                "",
+                [],
+                lambda: self._known_servers_count,
+            )
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def _count_known_servers(self):
+        """
+        Count the servers that this server knows about.
+
+        The statistic is stored on the class for the
+        `synapse_federation_known_servers` LaterGauge to collect.
+        """
+
+        def _transact(txn):
+            if isinstance(self.database_engine, Sqlite3Engine):
+                query = """
+                    SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT substr(out.user_id, pos+1))
+                    FROM (
+                        SELECT rm.user_id as user_id, instr(rm.user_id, ':')
+                            AS pos FROM room_memberships as rm
+                        INNER JOIN current_state_events as c ON rm.event_id = c.event_id
+                        WHERE c.type = 'm.room.member'
+                    ) as out
+                """
+            else:
+                query = """
+                    SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT split_part(state_key, ':', 2))
+                    FROM current_state_events
+                    WHERE type = 'm.room.member' AND membership = 'join';
+                """
+            txn.execute(query)
+            return list(txn)[0][0]
+
+        count = yield self.runInteraction("get_known_servers", _transact)
+
+        # We always know about ourselves, even if we have nothing in
+        # room_memberships (for example, the server is new).
+        self._known_servers_count = max([count, 1])
+        return self._known_servers_count
+
+    def _check_safe_current_state_events_membership_updated_txn(self, txn):
+        """Checks if it is safe to assume the new current_state_events
+        membership column is up to date
+        """
+
+        pending_update = self._simple_select_one_txn(
+            txn,
+            table="background_updates",
+            keyvalues={"update_name": _CURRENT_STATE_MEMBERSHIP_UPDATE_NAME},
+            retcols=["update_name"],
+            allow_none=True,
+        )
+
+        self._current_state_events_membership_up_to_date = not pending_update
+
+        # If the update is still running, reschedule to run.
+        if pending_update:
+            self._clock.call_later(
+                15.0,
+                run_as_background_process,
+                "_check_safe_current_state_events_membership_updated",
+                self.runInteraction,
+                "_check_safe_current_state_events_membership_updated",
+                self._check_safe_current_state_events_membership_updated_txn,
+            )
+
+    @cachedInlineCallbacks(max_entries=100000, iterable=True, cache_context=True)
+    def get_hosts_in_room(self, room_id, cache_context):
+        """Returns the set of all hosts currently in the room
+        """
+        user_ids = yield self.get_users_in_room(
+            room_id, on_invalidate=cache_context.invalidate
+        )
+        hosts = frozenset(get_domain_from_id(user_id) for user_id in user_ids)
+        return hosts
+
+    @cached(max_entries=100000, iterable=True)
+    def get_users_in_room(self, room_id):
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "get_users_in_room", self.get_users_in_room_txn, room_id
+        )
+
+    def get_users_in_room_txn(self, txn, room_id):
+        # If we can assume current_state_events.membership is up to date
+        # then we can avoid a join, which is a Very Good Thing given how
+        # frequently this function gets called.
+        if self._current_state_events_membership_up_to_date:
+            sql = """
+                SELECT state_key FROM current_state_events
+                WHERE type = 'm.room.member' AND room_id = ? AND membership = ?
+            """
+        else:
+            sql = """
+                SELECT state_key FROM room_memberships as m
+                INNER JOIN current_state_events as c
+                ON m.event_id = c.event_id
+                AND m.room_id = c.room_id
+                AND m.user_id = c.state_key
+                WHERE c.type = 'm.room.member' AND c.room_id = ? AND m.membership = ?
+            """
+
+        txn.execute(sql, (room_id, Membership.JOIN))
+        return [to_ascii(r[0]) for r in txn]
+
+    @cached(max_entries=100000)
+    def get_room_summary(self, room_id):
+        """ Get the details of a room roughly suitable for use by the room
+        summary extension to /sync. Useful when lazy loading room members.
+        Args:
+            room_id (str): The room ID to query
+        Returns:
+            Deferred[dict[str, MemberSummary]:
+                dict of membership states, pointing to a MemberSummary named tuple.
+        """
+
+        def _get_room_summary_txn(txn):
+            # first get counts.
+            # We do this all in one transaction to keep the cache small.
+            # FIXME: get rid of this when we have room_stats
+
+            # If we can assume current_state_events.membership is up to date
+            # then we can avoid a join, which is a Very Good Thing given how
+            # frequently this function gets called.
+            if self._current_state_events_membership_up_to_date:
+                # Note, rejected events will have a null membership field, so
+                # we we manually filter them out.
+                sql = """
+                    SELECT count(*), membership FROM current_state_events
+                    WHERE type = 'm.room.member' AND room_id = ?
+                        AND membership IS NOT NULL
+                    GROUP BY membership
+                """
+            else:
+                sql = """
+                    SELECT count(*), m.membership FROM room_memberships as m
+                    INNER JOIN current_state_events as c
+                    ON m.event_id = c.event_id
+                    AND m.room_id = c.room_id
+                    AND m.user_id = c.state_key
+                    WHERE c.type = 'm.room.member' AND c.room_id = ?
+                    GROUP BY m.membership
+                """
+
+            txn.execute(sql, (room_id,))
+            res = {}
+            for count, membership in txn:
+                summary = res.setdefault(to_ascii(membership), MemberSummary([], count))
+
+            # we order by membership and then fairly arbitrarily by event_id so
+            # heroes are consistent
+            if self._current_state_events_membership_up_to_date:
+                # Note, rejected events will have a null membership field, so
+                # we we manually filter them out.
+                sql = """
+                    SELECT state_key, membership, event_id
+                    FROM current_state_events
+                    WHERE type = 'm.room.member' AND room_id = ?
+                        AND membership IS NOT NULL
+                    ORDER BY
+                        CASE membership WHEN ? THEN 1 WHEN ? THEN 2 ELSE 3 END ASC,
+                        event_id ASC
+                    LIMIT ?
+                """
+            else:
+                sql = """
+                    SELECT c.state_key, m.membership, c.event_id
+                    FROM room_memberships as m
+                    INNER JOIN current_state_events as c USING (room_id, event_id)
+                    WHERE c.type = 'm.room.member' AND c.room_id = ?
+                    ORDER BY
+                        CASE m.membership WHEN ? THEN 1 WHEN ? THEN 2 ELSE 3 END ASC,
+                        c.event_id ASC
+                    LIMIT ?
+                """
+
+            # 6 is 5 (number of heroes) plus 1, in case one of them is the calling user.
+            txn.execute(sql, (room_id, Membership.JOIN, Membership.INVITE, 6))
+            for user_id, membership, event_id in txn:
+                summary = res[to_ascii(membership)]
+                # we will always have a summary for this membership type at this
+                # point given the summary currently contains the counts.
+                members = summary.members
+                members.append((to_ascii(user_id), to_ascii(event_id)))
+
+            return res
+
+        return self.runInteraction("get_room_summary", _get_room_summary_txn)
+
+    def _get_user_counts_in_room_txn(self, txn, room_id):
+        """
+        Get the user count in a room by membership.
+
+        Args:
+            room_id (str)
+            membership (Membership)
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred[int]
+        """
+        sql = """
+        SELECT m.membership, count(*) FROM room_memberships as m
+            INNER JOIN current_state_events as c USING(event_id)
+            WHERE c.type = 'm.room.member' AND c.room_id = ?
+            GROUP BY m.membership
+        """
+
+        txn.execute(sql, (room_id,))
+        return {row[0]: row[1] for row in txn}
+
+    @cached()
+    def get_invited_rooms_for_user(self, user_id):
+        """ Get all the rooms the user is invited to
+        Args:
+            user_id (str): The user ID.
+        Returns:
+            A deferred list of RoomsForUser.
+        """
+
+        return self.get_rooms_for_user_where_membership_is(user_id, [Membership.INVITE])
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_invite_for_user_in_room(self, user_id, room_id):
+        """Gets the invite for the given user and room
+
+        Args:
+            user_id (str)
+            room_id (str)
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred: Resolves to either a RoomsForUser or None if no invite was
+                found.
+        """
+        invites = yield self.get_invited_rooms_for_user(user_id)
+        for invite in invites:
+            if invite.room_id == room_id:
+                return invite
+        return None
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_rooms_for_user_where_membership_is(self, user_id, membership_list):
+        """ Get all the rooms for this user where the membership for this user
+        matches one in the membership list.
+
+        Filters out forgotten rooms.
+
+        Args:
+            user_id (str): The user ID.
+            membership_list (list): A list of synapse.api.constants.Membership
+            values which the user must be in.
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred[list[RoomsForUser]]
+        """
+        if not membership_list:
+            return defer.succeed(None)
+
+        rooms = yield self.runInteraction(
+            "get_rooms_for_user_where_membership_is",
+            self._get_rooms_for_user_where_membership_is_txn,
+            user_id,
+            membership_list,
+        )
+
+        # Now we filter out forgotten rooms
+        forgotten_rooms = yield self.get_forgotten_rooms_for_user(user_id)
+        return [room for room in rooms if room.room_id not in forgotten_rooms]
+
+    def _get_rooms_for_user_where_membership_is_txn(
+        self, txn, user_id, membership_list
+    ):
+
+        do_invite = Membership.INVITE in membership_list
+        membership_list = [m for m in membership_list if m != Membership.INVITE]
+
+        results = []
+        if membership_list:
+            if self._current_state_events_membership_up_to_date:
+                clause, args = make_in_list_sql_clause(
+                    self.database_engine, "c.membership", membership_list
+                )
+                sql = """
+                    SELECT room_id, e.sender, c.membership, event_id, e.stream_ordering
+                    FROM current_state_events AS c
+                    INNER JOIN events AS e USING (room_id, event_id)
+                    WHERE
+                        c.type = 'm.room.member'
+                        AND state_key = ?
+                        AND %s
+                """ % (
+                    clause,
+                )
+            else:
+                clause, args = make_in_list_sql_clause(
+                    self.database_engine, "m.membership", membership_list
+                )
+                sql = """
+                    SELECT room_id, e.sender, m.membership, event_id, e.stream_ordering
+                    FROM current_state_events AS c
+                    INNER JOIN room_memberships AS m USING (room_id, event_id)
+                    INNER JOIN events AS e USING (room_id, event_id)
+                    WHERE
+                        c.type = 'm.room.member'
+                        AND state_key = ?
+                        AND %s
+                """ % (
+                    clause,
+                )
+
+            txn.execute(sql, (user_id, *args))
+            results = [RoomsForUser(**r) for r in self.cursor_to_dict(txn)]
+
+        if do_invite:
+            sql = (
+                "SELECT i.room_id, inviter, i.event_id, e.stream_ordering"
+                " FROM local_invites as i"
+                " INNER JOIN events as e USING (event_id)"
+                " WHERE invitee = ? AND locally_rejected is NULL"
+                " AND replaced_by is NULL"
+            )
+
+            txn.execute(sql, (user_id,))
+            results.extend(
+                RoomsForUser(
+                    room_id=r["room_id"],
+                    sender=r["inviter"],
+                    event_id=r["event_id"],
+                    stream_ordering=r["stream_ordering"],
+                    membership=Membership.INVITE,
+                )
+                for r in self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
+            )
+
+        return results
+
+    @cachedInlineCallbacks(max_entries=500000, iterable=True)
+    def get_rooms_for_user_with_stream_ordering(self, user_id):
+        """Returns a set of room_ids the user is currently joined to
+
+        Args:
+            user_id (str)
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred[frozenset[GetRoomsForUserWithStreamOrdering]]: Returns
+            the rooms the user is in currently, along with the stream ordering
+            of the most recent join for that user and room.
+        """
+        rooms = yield self.get_rooms_for_user_where_membership_is(
+            user_id, membership_list=[Membership.JOIN]
+        )
+        return frozenset(
+            GetRoomsForUserWithStreamOrdering(r.room_id, r.stream_ordering)
+            for r in rooms
+        )
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_rooms_for_user(self, user_id, on_invalidate=None):
+        """Returns a set of room_ids the user is currently joined to
+        """
+        rooms = yield self.get_rooms_for_user_with_stream_ordering(
+            user_id, on_invalidate=on_invalidate
+        )
+        return frozenset(r.room_id for r in rooms)
+
+    @cachedInlineCallbacks(max_entries=500000, cache_context=True, iterable=True)
+    def get_users_who_share_room_with_user(self, user_id, cache_context):
+        """Returns the set of users who share a room with `user_id`
+        """
+        room_ids = yield self.get_rooms_for_user(
+            user_id, on_invalidate=cache_context.invalidate
+        )
+
+        user_who_share_room = set()
+        for room_id in room_ids:
+            user_ids = yield self.get_users_in_room(
+                room_id, on_invalidate=cache_context.invalidate
+            )
+            user_who_share_room.update(user_ids)
+
+        return user_who_share_room
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_joined_users_from_context(self, event, context):
+        state_group = context.state_group
+        if not state_group:
+            # If state_group is None it means it has yet to be assigned a
+            # state group, i.e. we need to make sure that calls with a state_group
+            # of None don't hit previous cached calls with a None state_group.
+            # To do this we set the state_group to a new object as object() != object()
+            state_group = object()
+
+        current_state_ids = yield context.get_current_state_ids(self)
+        result = yield self._get_joined_users_from_context(
+            event.room_id, state_group, current_state_ids, event=event, context=context
+        )
+        return result
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_joined_users_from_state(self, room_id, state_entry):
+        state_group = state_entry.state_group
+        if not state_group:
+            # If state_group is None it means it has yet to be assigned a
+            # state group, i.e. we need to make sure that calls with a state_group
+            # of None don't hit previous cached calls with a None state_group.
+            # To do this we set the state_group to a new object as object() != object()
+            state_group = object()
+
+        with Measure(self._clock, "get_joined_users_from_state"):
+            return (
+                yield self._get_joined_users_from_context(
+                    room_id, state_group, state_entry.state, context=state_entry
+                )
+            )
+
+    @cachedInlineCallbacks(
+        num_args=2, cache_context=True, iterable=True, max_entries=100000
+    )
+    def _get_joined_users_from_context(
+        self,
+        room_id,
+        state_group,
+        current_state_ids,
+        cache_context,
+        event=None,
+        context=None,
+    ):
+        # We don't use `state_group`, it's there so that we can cache based
+        # on it. However, it's important that it's never None, since two current_states
+        # with a state_group of None are likely to be different.
+        # See bulk_get_push_rules_for_room for how we work around this.
+        assert state_group is not None
+
+        users_in_room = {}
+        member_event_ids = [
+            e_id
+            for key, e_id in iteritems(current_state_ids)
+            if key[0] == EventTypes.Member
+        ]
+
+        if context is not None:
+            # If we have a context with a delta from a previous state group,
+            # check if we also have the result from the previous group in cache.
+            # If we do then we can reuse that result and simply update it with
+            # any membership changes in `delta_ids`
+            if context.prev_group and context.delta_ids:
+                prev_res = self._get_joined_users_from_context.cache.get(
+                    (room_id, context.prev_group), None
+                )
+                if prev_res and isinstance(prev_res, dict):
+                    users_in_room = dict(prev_res)
+                    member_event_ids = [
+                        e_id
+                        for key, e_id in iteritems(context.delta_ids)
+                        if key[0] == EventTypes.Member
+                    ]
+                    for etype, state_key in context.delta_ids:
+                        users_in_room.pop(state_key, None)
+
+        # We check if we have any of the member event ids in the event cache
+        # before we ask the DB
+
+        # We don't update the event cache hit ratio as it completely throws off
+        # the hit ratio counts. After all, we don't populate the cache if we
+        # miss it here
+        event_map = self._get_events_from_cache(
+            member_event_ids, allow_rejected=False, update_metrics=False
+        )
+
+        missing_member_event_ids = []
+        for event_id in member_event_ids:
+            ev_entry = event_map.get(event_id)
+            if ev_entry:
+                if ev_entry.event.membership == Membership.JOIN:
+                    users_in_room[to_ascii(ev_entry.event.state_key)] = ProfileInfo(
+                        display_name=to_ascii(
+                            ev_entry.event.content.get("displayname", None)
+                        ),
+                        avatar_url=to_ascii(
+                            ev_entry.event.content.get("avatar_url", None)
+                        ),
+                    )
+            else:
+                missing_member_event_ids.append(event_id)
+
+        if missing_member_event_ids:
+            event_to_memberships = yield self._get_joined_profiles_from_event_ids(
+                missing_member_event_ids
+            )
+            users_in_room.update((row for row in event_to_memberships.values() if row))
+
+        if event is not None and event.type == EventTypes.Member:
+            if event.membership == Membership.JOIN:
+                if event.event_id in member_event_ids:
+                    users_in_room[to_ascii(event.state_key)] = ProfileInfo(
+                        display_name=to_ascii(event.content.get("displayname", None)),
+                        avatar_url=to_ascii(event.content.get("avatar_url", None)),
+                    )
+
+        return users_in_room
+
+    @cached(max_entries=10000)
+    def _get_joined_profile_from_event_id(self, event_id):
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    @cachedList(
+        cached_method_name="_get_joined_profile_from_event_id",
+        list_name="event_ids",
+        inlineCallbacks=True,
+    )
+    def _get_joined_profiles_from_event_ids(self, event_ids):
+        """For given set of member event_ids check if they point to a join
+        event and if so return the associated user and profile info.
+
+        Args:
+            event_ids (Iterable[str]): The member event IDs to lookup
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred[dict[str, Tuple[str, ProfileInfo]|None]]: Map from event ID
+            to `user_id` and ProfileInfo (or None if not join event).
+        """
+
+        rows = yield self._simple_select_many_batch(
+            table="room_memberships",
+            column="event_id",
+            iterable=event_ids,
+            retcols=("user_id", "display_name", "avatar_url", "event_id"),
+            keyvalues={"membership": Membership.JOIN},
+            batch_size=500,
+            desc="_get_membership_from_event_ids",
+        )
+
+        return {
+            row["event_id"]: (
+                row["user_id"],
+                ProfileInfo(
+                    avatar_url=row["avatar_url"], display_name=row["display_name"]
+                ),
+            )
+            for row in rows
+        }
+
+    @cachedInlineCallbacks(max_entries=10000)
+    def is_host_joined(self, room_id, host):
+        if "%" in host or "_" in host:
+            raise Exception("Invalid host name")
+
+        sql = """
+            SELECT state_key FROM current_state_events AS c
+            INNER JOIN room_memberships AS m USING (event_id)
+            WHERE m.membership = 'join'
+                AND type = 'm.room.member'
+                AND c.room_id = ?
+                AND state_key LIKE ?
+            LIMIT 1
+        """
+
+        # We do need to be careful to ensure that host doesn't have any wild cards
+        # in it, but we checked above for known ones and we'll check below that
+        # the returned user actually has the correct domain.
+        like_clause = "%:" + host
+
+        rows = yield self._execute("is_host_joined", None, sql, room_id, like_clause)
+
+        if not rows:
+            return False
+
+        user_id = rows[0][0]
+        if get_domain_from_id(user_id) != host:
+            # This can only happen if the host name has something funky in it
+            raise Exception("Invalid host name")
+
+        return True
+
+    @cachedInlineCallbacks()
+    def was_host_joined(self, room_id, host):
+        """Check whether the server is or ever was in the room.
+
+        Args:
+            room_id (str)
+            host (str)
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred: Resolves to True if the host is/was in the room, otherwise
+            False.
+        """
+        if "%" in host or "_" in host:
+            raise Exception("Invalid host name")
+
+        sql = """
+            SELECT user_id FROM room_memberships
+            WHERE room_id = ?
+                AND user_id LIKE ?
+                AND membership = 'join'
+            LIMIT 1
+        """
+
+        # We do need to be careful to ensure that host doesn't have any wild cards
+        # in it, but we checked above for known ones and we'll check below that
+        # the returned user actually has the correct domain.
+        like_clause = "%:" + host
+
+        rows = yield self._execute("was_host_joined", None, sql, room_id, like_clause)
+
+        if not rows:
+            return False
+
+        user_id = rows[0][0]
+        if get_domain_from_id(user_id) != host:
+            # This can only happen if the host name has something funky in it
+            raise Exception("Invalid host name")
+
+        return True
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_joined_hosts(self, room_id, state_entry):
+        state_group = state_entry.state_group
+        if not state_group:
+            # If state_group is None it means it has yet to be assigned a
+            # state group, i.e. we need to make sure that calls with a state_group
+            # of None don't hit previous cached calls with a None state_group.
+            # To do this we set the state_group to a new object as object() != object()
+            state_group = object()
+
+        with Measure(self._clock, "get_joined_hosts"):
+            return (
+                yield self._get_joined_hosts(
+                    room_id, state_group, state_entry.state, state_entry=state_entry
+                )
+            )
+
+    @cachedInlineCallbacks(num_args=2, max_entries=10000, iterable=True)
+    # @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def _get_joined_hosts(self, room_id, state_group, current_state_ids, state_entry):
+        # We don't use `state_group`, its there so that we can cache based
+        # on it. However, its important that its never None, since two current_state's
+        # with a state_group of None are likely to be different.
+        # See bulk_get_push_rules_for_room for how we work around this.
+        assert state_group is not None
+
+        cache = self._get_joined_hosts_cache(room_id)
+        joined_hosts = yield cache.get_destinations(state_entry)
+
+        return joined_hosts
+
+    @cached(max_entries=10000)
+    def _get_joined_hosts_cache(self, room_id):
+        return _JoinedHostsCache(self, room_id)
+
+    @cachedInlineCallbacks(num_args=2)
+    def did_forget(self, user_id, room_id):
+        """Returns whether user_id has elected to discard history for room_id.
+
+        Returns False if they have since re-joined."""
+
+        def f(txn):
+            sql = (
+                "SELECT"
+                "  COUNT(*)"
+                " FROM"
+                "  room_memberships"
+                " WHERE"
+                "  user_id = ?"
+                " AND"
+                "  room_id = ?"
+                " AND"
+                "  forgotten = 0"
+            )
+            txn.execute(sql, (user_id, room_id))
+            rows = txn.fetchall()
+            return rows[0][0]
+
+        count = yield self.runInteraction("did_forget_membership", f)
+        return count == 0
+
+    @cached()
+    def get_forgotten_rooms_for_user(self, user_id):
+        """Gets all rooms the user has forgotten.
+
+        Args:
+            user_id (str)
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred[set[str]]
+        """
+
+        def _get_forgotten_rooms_for_user_txn(txn):
+            # This is a slightly convoluted query that first looks up all rooms
+            # that the user has forgotten in the past, then rechecks that list
+            # to see if any have subsequently been updated. This is done so that
+            # we can use a partial index on `forgotten = 1` on the assumption
+            # that few users will actually forget many rooms.
+            #
+            # Note that a room is considered "forgotten" if *all* membership
+            # events for that user and room have the forgotten field set (as
+            # when a user forgets a room we update all rows for that user and
+            # room, not just the current one).
+            sql = """
+                SELECT room_id, (
+                    SELECT count(*) FROM room_memberships
+                    WHERE room_id = m.room_id AND user_id = m.user_id AND forgotten = 0
+                ) AS count
+                FROM room_memberships AS m
+                WHERE user_id = ? AND forgotten = 1
+                GROUP BY room_id, user_id;
+            """
+            txn.execute(sql, (user_id,))
+            return set(row[0] for row in txn if row[1] == 0)
+
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "get_forgotten_rooms_for_user", _get_forgotten_rooms_for_user_txn
+        )
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_rooms_user_has_been_in(self, user_id):
+        """Get all rooms that the user has ever been in.
+
+        Args:
+            user_id (str)
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred[set[str]]: Set of room IDs.
+        """
+
+        room_ids = yield self._simple_select_onecol(
+            table="room_memberships",
+            keyvalues={"membership": Membership.JOIN, "user_id": user_id},
+            retcol="room_id",
+            desc="get_rooms_user_has_been_in",
+        )
+
+        return set(room_ids)
+
+
+class RoomMemberBackgroundUpdateStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
+    def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
+        super(RoomMemberBackgroundUpdateStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
+        self.register_background_update_handler(
+            _MEMBERSHIP_PROFILE_UPDATE_NAME, self._background_add_membership_profile
+        )
+        self.register_background_update_handler(
+            _CURRENT_STATE_MEMBERSHIP_UPDATE_NAME,
+            self._background_current_state_membership,
+        )
+        self.register_background_index_update(
+            "room_membership_forgotten_idx",
+            index_name="room_memberships_user_room_forgotten",
+            table="room_memberships",
+            columns=["user_id", "room_id"],
+            where_clause="forgotten = 1",
+        )
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def _background_add_membership_profile(self, progress, batch_size):
+        target_min_stream_id = progress.get(
+            "target_min_stream_id_inclusive", self._min_stream_order_on_start
+        )
+        max_stream_id = progress.get(
+            "max_stream_id_exclusive", self._stream_order_on_start + 1
+        )
+
+        INSERT_CLUMP_SIZE = 1000
+
+        def add_membership_profile_txn(txn):
+            sql = """
+                SELECT stream_ordering, event_id, events.room_id, event_json.json
+                FROM events
+                INNER JOIN event_json USING (event_id)
+                INNER JOIN room_memberships USING (event_id)
+                WHERE ? <= stream_ordering AND stream_ordering < ?
+                AND type = 'm.room.member'
+                ORDER BY stream_ordering DESC
+                LIMIT ?
+            """
+
+            txn.execute(sql, (target_min_stream_id, max_stream_id, batch_size))
+
+            rows = self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
+            if not rows:
+                return 0
+
+            min_stream_id = rows[-1]["stream_ordering"]
+
+            to_update = []
+            for row in rows:
+                event_id = row["event_id"]
+                room_id = row["room_id"]
+                try:
+                    event_json = json.loads(row["json"])
+                    content = event_json["content"]
+                except Exception:
+                    continue
+
+                display_name = content.get("displayname", None)
+                avatar_url = content.get("avatar_url", None)
+
+                if display_name or avatar_url:
+                    to_update.append((display_name, avatar_url, event_id, room_id))
+
+            to_update_sql = """
+                UPDATE room_memberships SET display_name = ?, avatar_url = ?
+                WHERE event_id = ? AND room_id = ?
+            """
+            for index in range(0, len(to_update), INSERT_CLUMP_SIZE):
+                clump = to_update[index : index + INSERT_CLUMP_SIZE]
+                txn.executemany(to_update_sql, clump)
+
+            progress = {
+                "target_min_stream_id_inclusive": target_min_stream_id,
+                "max_stream_id_exclusive": min_stream_id,
+            }
+
+            self._background_update_progress_txn(
+                txn, _MEMBERSHIP_PROFILE_UPDATE_NAME, progress
+            )
+
+            return len(rows)
+
+        result = yield self.runInteraction(
+            _MEMBERSHIP_PROFILE_UPDATE_NAME, add_membership_profile_txn
+        )
+
+        if not result:
+            yield self._end_background_update(_MEMBERSHIP_PROFILE_UPDATE_NAME)
+
+        return result
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def _background_current_state_membership(self, progress, batch_size):
+        """Update the new membership column on current_state_events.
+
+        This works by iterating over all rooms in alphebetical order.
+        """
+
+        def _background_current_state_membership_txn(txn, last_processed_room):
+            processed = 0
+            while processed < batch_size:
+                txn.execute(
+                    """
+                        SELECT MIN(room_id) FROM current_state_events WHERE room_id > ?
+                    """,
+                    (last_processed_room,),
+                )
+                row = txn.fetchone()
+                if not row or not row[0]:
+                    return processed, True
+
+                next_room, = row
+
+                sql = """
+                    UPDATE current_state_events
+                    SET membership = (
+                        SELECT membership FROM room_memberships
+                        WHERE event_id = current_state_events.event_id
+                    )
+                    WHERE room_id = ?
+                """
+                txn.execute(sql, (next_room,))
+                processed += txn.rowcount
+
+                last_processed_room = next_room
+
+            self._background_update_progress_txn(
+                txn,
+                _CURRENT_STATE_MEMBERSHIP_UPDATE_NAME,
+                {"last_processed_room": last_processed_room},
+            )
+
+            return processed, False
+
+        # If we haven't got a last processed room then just use the empty
+        # string, which will compare before all room IDs correctly.
+        last_processed_room = progress.get("last_processed_room", "")
+
+        row_count, finished = yield self.runInteraction(
+            "_background_current_state_membership_update",
+            _background_current_state_membership_txn,
+            last_processed_room,
+        )
+
+        if finished:
+            yield self._end_background_update(_CURRENT_STATE_MEMBERSHIP_UPDATE_NAME)
+
+        return row_count
+
+
+class RoomMemberStore(RoomMemberWorkerStore, RoomMemberBackgroundUpdateStore):
+    def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
+        super(RoomMemberStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
+
+    def _store_room_members_txn(self, txn, events, backfilled):
+        """Store a room member in the database.
+        """
+        self._simple_insert_many_txn(
+            txn,
+            table="room_memberships",
+            values=[
+                {
+                    "event_id": event.event_id,
+                    "user_id": event.state_key,
+                    "sender": event.user_id,
+                    "room_id": event.room_id,
+                    "membership": event.membership,
+                    "display_name": event.content.get("displayname", None),
+                    "avatar_url": event.content.get("avatar_url", None),
+                }
+                for event in events
+            ],
+        )
+
+        for event in events:
+            txn.call_after(
+                self._membership_stream_cache.entity_has_changed,
+                event.state_key,
+                event.internal_metadata.stream_ordering,
+            )
+            txn.call_after(
+                self.get_invited_rooms_for_user.invalidate, (event.state_key,)
+            )
+
+            # We update the local_invites table only if the event is "current",
+            # i.e., its something that has just happened. If the event is an
+            # outlier it is only current if its an "out of band membership",
+            # like a remote invite or a rejection of a remote invite.
+            is_new_state = not backfilled and (
+                not event.internal_metadata.is_outlier()
+                or event.internal_metadata.is_out_of_band_membership()
+            )
+            is_mine = self.hs.is_mine_id(event.state_key)
+            if is_new_state and is_mine:
+                if event.membership == Membership.INVITE:
+                    self._simple_insert_txn(
+                        txn,
+                        table="local_invites",
+                        values={
+                            "event_id": event.event_id,
+                            "invitee": event.state_key,
+                            "inviter": event.sender,
+                            "room_id": event.room_id,
+                            "stream_id": event.internal_metadata.stream_ordering,
+                        },
+                    )
+                else:
+                    sql = (
+                        "UPDATE local_invites SET stream_id = ?, replaced_by = ? WHERE"
+                        " room_id = ? AND invitee = ? AND locally_rejected is NULL"
+                        " AND replaced_by is NULL"
+                    )
+
+                    txn.execute(
+                        sql,
+                        (
+                            event.internal_metadata.stream_ordering,
+                            event.event_id,
+                            event.room_id,
+                            event.state_key,
+                        ),
+                    )
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def locally_reject_invite(self, user_id, room_id):
+        sql = (
+            "UPDATE local_invites SET stream_id = ?, locally_rejected = ? WHERE"
+            " room_id = ? AND invitee = ? AND locally_rejected is NULL"
+            " AND replaced_by is NULL"
+        )
+
+        def f(txn, stream_ordering):
+            txn.execute(sql, (stream_ordering, True, room_id, user_id))
+
+        with self._stream_id_gen.get_next() as stream_ordering:
+            yield self.runInteraction("locally_reject_invite", f, stream_ordering)
+
+    def forget(self, user_id, room_id):
+        """Indicate that user_id wishes to discard history for room_id."""
+
+        def f(txn):
+            sql = (
+                "UPDATE"
+                "  room_memberships"
+                " SET"
+                "  forgotten = 1"
+                " WHERE"
+                "  user_id = ?"
+                " AND"
+                "  room_id = ?"
+            )
+            txn.execute(sql, (user_id, room_id))
+
+            self._invalidate_cache_and_stream(txn, self.did_forget, (user_id, room_id))
+            self._invalidate_cache_and_stream(
+                txn, self.get_forgotten_rooms_for_user, (user_id,)
+            )
+
+        return self.runInteraction("forget_membership", f)
+
+
+class _JoinedHostsCache(object):
+    """Cache for joined hosts in a room that is optimised to handle updates
+    via state deltas.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, store, room_id):
+        self.store = store
+        self.room_id = room_id
+
+        self.hosts_to_joined_users = {}
+
+        self.state_group = object()
+
+        self.linearizer = Linearizer("_JoinedHostsCache")
+
+        self._len = 0
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_destinations(self, state_entry):
+        """Get set of destinations for a state entry
+
+        Args:
+            state_entry(synapse.state._StateCacheEntry)
+        """
+        if state_entry.state_group == self.state_group:
+            return frozenset(self.hosts_to_joined_users)
+
+        with (yield self.linearizer.queue(())):
+            if state_entry.state_group == self.state_group:
+                pass
+            elif state_entry.prev_group == self.state_group:
+                for (typ, state_key), event_id in iteritems(state_entry.delta_ids):
+                    if typ != EventTypes.Member:
+                        continue
+
+                    host = intern_string(get_domain_from_id(state_key))
+                    user_id = state_key
+                    known_joins = self.hosts_to_joined_users.setdefault(host, set())
+
+                    event = yield self.store.get_event(event_id)
+                    if event.membership == Membership.JOIN:
+                        known_joins.add(user_id)
+                    else:
+                        known_joins.discard(user_id)
+
+                        if not known_joins:
+                            self.hosts_to_joined_users.pop(host, None)
+            else:
+                joined_users = yield self.store.get_joined_users_from_state(
+                    self.room_id, state_entry
+                )
+
+                self.hosts_to_joined_users = {}
+                for user_id in joined_users:
+                    host = intern_string(get_domain_from_id(user_id))
+                    self.hosts_to_joined_users.setdefault(host, set()).add(user_id)
+
+            if state_entry.state_group:
+                self.state_group = state_entry.state_group
+            else:
+                self.state_group = object()
+            self._len = sum(len(v) for v in itervalues(self.hosts_to_joined_users))
+        return frozenset(self.hosts_to_joined_users)
+
+    def __len__(self):
+        return self._len
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/12/v12.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/12/v12.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5964c5aaac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/12/v12.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+/* Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS rejections(
+    event_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    reason TEXT NOT NULL,
+    last_check TEXT NOT NULL,
+    UNIQUE (event_id)
+);
+
+-- Push notification endpoints that users have configured
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS pushers (
+  id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
+  user_name TEXT NOT NULL,
+  profile_tag VARCHAR(32) NOT NULL,
+  kind VARCHAR(8) NOT NULL,
+  app_id VARCHAR(64) NOT NULL,
+  app_display_name VARCHAR(64) NOT NULL,
+  device_display_name VARCHAR(128) NOT NULL,
+  pushkey VARBINARY(512) NOT NULL,
+  ts BIGINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL,
+  lang VARCHAR(8),
+  data LONGBLOB,
+  last_token TEXT,
+  last_success BIGINT UNSIGNED,
+  failing_since BIGINT UNSIGNED,
+  UNIQUE (app_id, pushkey)
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS push_rules (
+  id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
+  user_name TEXT NOT NULL,
+  rule_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+  priority_class TINYINT NOT NULL,
+  priority INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+  conditions TEXT NOT NULL,
+  actions TEXT NOT NULL,
+  UNIQUE(user_name, rule_id)
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS push_rules_user_name on push_rules (user_name);
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS user_filters(
+  user_id TEXT,
+  filter_id BIGINT UNSIGNED,
+  filter_json LONGBLOB
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS user_filters_by_user_id_filter_id ON user_filters(
+    user_id, filter_id
+);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/13/v13.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/13/v13.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f8649e5d99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/13/v13.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+/* Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+/* We used to create a tables called application_services and
+ * application_services_regex, but these are no longer used and are removed in
+ * delta 54.
+ */
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/14/v14.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/14/v14.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a831920da6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/14/v14.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+/* Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS push_rules_enable (
+  id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
+  user_name TEXT NOT NULL,
+  rule_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+  enabled TINYINT,
+  UNIQUE(user_name, rule_id)
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS push_rules_enable_user_name on push_rules_enable (user_name);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/15/appservice_txns.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/15/appservice_txns.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e4f5e76aec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/15/appservice_txns.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+/* Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS application_services_state(
+    as_id TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
+    state VARCHAR(5),
+    last_txn INTEGER
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS application_services_txns(
+    as_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    txn_id INTEGER NOT NULL,
+    event_ids TEXT NOT NULL,
+    UNIQUE(as_id, txn_id)
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS application_services_txns_id ON application_services_txns (
+    as_id
+);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/15/presence_indices.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/15/presence_indices.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6b8d0f1ca7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/15/presence_indices.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS presence_list_user_id ON presence_list (user_id);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/15/v15.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/15/v15.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9523d2bcc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/15/v15.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+-- Drop, copy & recreate pushers table to change unique key
+-- Also add access_token column at the same time
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS pushers2 (
+  id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY,
+  user_name TEXT NOT NULL,
+  access_token BIGINT DEFAULT NULL,
+  profile_tag VARCHAR(32) NOT NULL,
+  kind VARCHAR(8) NOT NULL,
+  app_id VARCHAR(64) NOT NULL,
+  app_display_name VARCHAR(64) NOT NULL,
+  device_display_name VARCHAR(128) NOT NULL,
+  pushkey bytea NOT NULL,
+  ts BIGINT NOT NULL,
+  lang VARCHAR(8),
+  data bytea,
+  last_token TEXT,
+  last_success BIGINT,
+  failing_since BIGINT,
+  UNIQUE (app_id, pushkey)
+);
+INSERT INTO pushers2 (id, user_name, profile_tag, kind, app_id, app_display_name, device_display_name, pushkey, ts, lang, data, last_token, last_success, failing_since)
+  SELECT id, user_name, profile_tag, kind, app_id, app_display_name, device_display_name, pushkey, ts, lang, data, last_token, last_success, failing_since FROM pushers;
+DROP TABLE pushers;
+ALTER TABLE pushers2 RENAME TO pushers;
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/16/events_order_index.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/16/events_order_index.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a48f215170
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/16/events_order_index.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+CREATE INDEX events_order ON events (topological_ordering, stream_ordering);
+CREATE INDEX events_order_room ON events (
+    room_id, topological_ordering, stream_ordering
+);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/16/remote_media_cache_index.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/16/remote_media_cache_index.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7a15265cb1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/16/remote_media_cache_index.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS remote_media_cache_thumbnails_media_id
+    ON remote_media_cache_thumbnails (media_id);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/16/remove_duplicates.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/16/remove_duplicates.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..65c97b5e2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/16/remove_duplicates.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+
+
+DELETE FROM event_to_state_groups WHERE state_group not in (
+    SELECT MAX(state_group) FROM event_to_state_groups GROUP BY event_id
+);
+
+DELETE FROM event_to_state_groups WHERE rowid not in (
+    SELECT MIN(rowid) FROM event_to_state_groups GROUP BY event_id
+);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/16/room_alias_index.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/16/room_alias_index.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f82486132b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/16/room_alias_index.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS room_aliases_id ON room_aliases(room_id);
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS room_alias_servers_alias ON room_alias_servers(room_alias);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/16/unique_constraints.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/16/unique_constraints.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5b8de52c33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/16/unique_constraints.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+
+-- We can use SQLite features here, since other db support was only added in v16
+
+--
+DELETE FROM current_state_events WHERE rowid not in (
+    SELECT MIN(rowid) FROM current_state_events GROUP BY event_id
+);
+
+DROP INDEX IF EXISTS current_state_events_event_id;
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX current_state_events_event_id ON current_state_events(event_id);
+
+--
+DELETE FROM room_memberships WHERE rowid not in (
+    SELECT MIN(rowid) FROM room_memberships GROUP BY event_id
+);
+
+DROP INDEX IF EXISTS room_memberships_event_id;
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX room_memberships_event_id ON room_memberships(event_id);
+
+--
+DELETE FROM topics WHERE rowid not in (
+    SELECT MIN(rowid) FROM topics GROUP BY event_id
+);
+
+DROP INDEX IF EXISTS topics_event_id;
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX topics_event_id ON topics(event_id);
+
+--
+DELETE FROM room_names WHERE rowid not in (
+    SELECT MIN(rowid) FROM room_names GROUP BY event_id
+);
+
+DROP INDEX IF EXISTS room_names_id;
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX room_names_id ON room_names(event_id);
+
+--
+DELETE FROM presence WHERE rowid not in (
+    SELECT MIN(rowid) FROM presence GROUP BY user_id
+);
+
+DROP INDEX IF EXISTS presence_id;
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX presence_id ON presence(user_id);
+
+--
+DELETE FROM presence_allow_inbound WHERE rowid not in (
+    SELECT MIN(rowid) FROM presence_allow_inbound
+    GROUP BY observed_user_id, observer_user_id
+);
+
+DROP INDEX IF EXISTS presence_allow_inbound_observers;
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX presence_allow_inbound_observers ON presence_allow_inbound(
+    observed_user_id, observer_user_id
+);
+
+--
+DELETE FROM presence_list WHERE rowid not in (
+    SELECT MIN(rowid) FROM presence_list
+    GROUP BY user_id, observed_user_id
+);
+
+DROP INDEX IF EXISTS presence_list_observers;
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX presence_list_observers ON presence_list(
+    user_id, observed_user_id
+);
+
+--
+DELETE FROM room_aliases WHERE rowid not in (
+    SELECT MIN(rowid) FROM room_aliases GROUP BY room_alias
+);
+
+DROP INDEX IF EXISTS room_aliases_id;
+CREATE INDEX room_aliases_id ON room_aliases(room_id);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/16/users.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/16/users.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cd0709250d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/16/users.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+-- Convert `access_tokens`.user from rowids to user strings.
+-- MUST BE DONE BEFORE REMOVING ID COLUMN FROM USERS TABLE BELOW
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS new_access_tokens(
+    id BIGINT UNSIGNED PRIMARY KEY,
+    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    device_id TEXT,
+    token TEXT NOT NULL,
+    last_used BIGINT UNSIGNED,
+    UNIQUE(token)
+);
+
+INSERT INTO new_access_tokens
+    SELECT a.id, u.name, a.device_id, a.token, a.last_used
+    FROM access_tokens as a
+    INNER JOIN users as u ON u.id = a.user_id;
+
+DROP TABLE access_tokens;
+
+ALTER TABLE new_access_tokens RENAME TO access_tokens;
+
+-- Remove ID column from `users` table
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS new_users(
+    name TEXT,
+    password_hash TEXT,
+    creation_ts BIGINT UNSIGNED,
+    admin BOOL DEFAULT 0 NOT NULL,
+    UNIQUE(name)
+);
+
+INSERT INTO new_users SELECT name, password_hash, creation_ts, admin FROM users;
+
+DROP TABLE users;
+
+ALTER TABLE new_users RENAME TO users;
+
+
+-- Remove UNIQUE constraint from `user_ips` table
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS new_user_ips (
+    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    access_token TEXT NOT NULL,
+    device_id TEXT,
+    ip TEXT NOT NULL,
+    user_agent TEXT NOT NULL,
+    last_seen BIGINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
+);
+
+INSERT INTO new_user_ips
+    SELECT user, access_token, device_id, ip, user_agent, last_seen FROM user_ips;
+
+DROP TABLE user_ips;
+
+ALTER TABLE new_user_ips RENAME TO user_ips;
+
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS user_ips_user ON user_ips(user_id);
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS user_ips_user_ip ON user_ips(user_id, access_token, ip);
+
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/17/drop_indexes.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/17/drop_indexes.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7c9a90e27f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/17/drop_indexes.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+/* Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+DROP INDEX IF EXISTS sent_transaction_dest;
+DROP INDEX IF EXISTS sent_transaction_sent;
+DROP INDEX IF EXISTS user_ips_user;
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/17/server_keys.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/17/server_keys.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..70b247a06b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/17/server_keys.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+/* Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS server_keys_json (
+    server_name TEXT, -- Server name.
+    key_id TEXT, -- Requested key id.
+    from_server TEXT, -- Which server the keys were fetched from.
+    ts_added_ms INTEGER, -- When the keys were fetched
+    ts_valid_until_ms INTEGER, -- When this version of the keys exipires.
+    key_json bytea, -- JSON certificate for the remote server.
+    CONSTRAINT uniqueness UNIQUE (server_name, key_id, from_server)
+);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/17/user_threepids.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/17/user_threepids.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c17715ac80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/17/user_threepids.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+CREATE TABLE user_threepids (
+    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    medium TEXT NOT NULL,
+    address TEXT NOT NULL,
+    validated_at BIGINT NOT NULL,
+    added_at BIGINT NOT NULL,
+    CONSTRAINT user_medium_address UNIQUE (user_id, medium, address)
+);
+CREATE INDEX user_threepids_user_id ON user_threepids(user_id);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/18/server_keys_bigger_ints.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/18/server_keys_bigger_ints.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6e0871c92b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/18/server_keys_bigger_ints.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+/* Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS new_server_keys_json (
+    server_name TEXT NOT NULL, -- Server name.
+    key_id TEXT NOT NULL, -- Requested key id.
+    from_server TEXT NOT NULL, -- Which server the keys were fetched from.
+    ts_added_ms BIGINT NOT NULL, -- When the keys were fetched
+    ts_valid_until_ms BIGINT NOT NULL, -- When this version of the keys exipires.
+    key_json bytea NOT NULL, -- JSON certificate for the remote server.
+    CONSTRAINT server_keys_json_uniqueness UNIQUE (server_name, key_id, from_server)
+);
+
+INSERT INTO new_server_keys_json
+    SELECT server_name, key_id, from_server,ts_added_ms, ts_valid_until_ms, key_json FROM server_keys_json ;
+
+DROP TABLE server_keys_json;
+
+ALTER TABLE new_server_keys_json RENAME TO server_keys_json;
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/19/event_index.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/19/event_index.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..18b97b4332
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/19/event_index.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+/* Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+
+CREATE INDEX events_order_topo_stream_room ON events(
+    topological_ordering, stream_ordering, room_id
+);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/20/dummy.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/20/dummy.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e0ac49d1ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/20/dummy.sql
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+SELECT 1;
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/20/pushers.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/20/pushers.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3edfcfd783
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/20/pushers.py
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+# Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+
+"""
+Main purpose of this upgrade is to change the unique key on the
+pushers table again (it was missed when the v16 full schema was
+made) but this also changes the pushkey and data columns to text.
+When selecting a bytea column into a text column, postgres inserts
+the hex encoded data, and there's no portable way of getting the
+UTF-8 bytes, so we have to do it in Python.
+"""
+
+import logging
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def run_create(cur, database_engine, *args, **kwargs):
+    logger.info("Porting pushers table...")
+    cur.execute(
+        """
+        CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS pushers2 (
+          id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY,
+          user_name TEXT NOT NULL,
+          access_token BIGINT DEFAULT NULL,
+          profile_tag VARCHAR(32) NOT NULL,
+          kind VARCHAR(8) NOT NULL,
+          app_id VARCHAR(64) NOT NULL,
+          app_display_name VARCHAR(64) NOT NULL,
+          device_display_name VARCHAR(128) NOT NULL,
+          pushkey TEXT NOT NULL,
+          ts BIGINT NOT NULL,
+          lang VARCHAR(8),
+          data TEXT,
+          last_token TEXT,
+          last_success BIGINT,
+          failing_since BIGINT,
+          UNIQUE (app_id, pushkey, user_name)
+        )
+    """
+    )
+    cur.execute(
+        """SELECT
+        id, user_name, access_token, profile_tag, kind,
+        app_id, app_display_name, device_display_name,
+        pushkey, ts, lang, data, last_token, last_success,
+        failing_since
+        FROM pushers
+    """
+    )
+    count = 0
+    for row in cur.fetchall():
+        row = list(row)
+        row[8] = bytes(row[8]).decode("utf-8")
+        row[11] = bytes(row[11]).decode("utf-8")
+        cur.execute(
+            database_engine.convert_param_style(
+                """
+            INSERT into pushers2 (
+            id, user_name, access_token, profile_tag, kind,
+            app_id, app_display_name, device_display_name,
+            pushkey, ts, lang, data, last_token, last_success,
+            failing_since
+            ) values (%s)"""
+                % (",".join(["?" for _ in range(len(row))]))
+            ),
+            row,
+        )
+        count += 1
+    cur.execute("DROP TABLE pushers")
+    cur.execute("ALTER TABLE pushers2 RENAME TO pushers")
+    logger.info("Moved %d pushers to new table", count)
+
+
+def run_upgrade(*args, **kwargs):
+    pass
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/21/end_to_end_keys.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/21/end_to_end_keys.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4c2fb20b77
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/21/end_to_end_keys.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+/* Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS e2e_device_keys_json (
+    user_id TEXT NOT NULL, -- The user these keys are for.
+    device_id TEXT NOT NULL, -- Which of the user's devices these keys are for.
+    ts_added_ms BIGINT NOT NULL, -- When the keys were uploaded.
+    key_json TEXT NOT NULL, -- The keys for the device as a JSON blob.
+    CONSTRAINT e2e_device_keys_json_uniqueness UNIQUE (user_id, device_id)
+);
+
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS e2e_one_time_keys_json (
+    user_id TEXT NOT NULL, -- The user this one-time key is for.
+    device_id TEXT NOT NULL, -- The device this one-time key is for.
+    algorithm TEXT NOT NULL, -- Which algorithm this one-time key is for.
+    key_id TEXT NOT NULL, -- An id for suppressing duplicate uploads.
+    ts_added_ms BIGINT NOT NULL, -- When this key was uploaded.
+    key_json TEXT NOT NULL, -- The key as a JSON blob.
+    CONSTRAINT e2e_one_time_keys_json_uniqueness UNIQUE (user_id, device_id, algorithm, key_id)
+);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/21/receipts.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/21/receipts.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d070845477
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/21/receipts.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+/* Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS receipts_graph(
+    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    receipt_type TEXT NOT NULL,
+    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    event_ids TEXT NOT NULL,
+    data TEXT NOT NULL,
+    CONSTRAINT receipts_graph_uniqueness UNIQUE (room_id, receipt_type, user_id)
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS receipts_linearized (
+    stream_id BIGINT NOT NULL,
+    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    receipt_type TEXT NOT NULL,
+    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    event_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    data TEXT NOT NULL,
+    CONSTRAINT receipts_linearized_uniqueness UNIQUE (room_id, receipt_type, user_id)
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX receipts_linearized_id ON receipts_linearized(
+  stream_id
+);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/22/receipts_index.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/22/receipts_index.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bfc0b3bcaa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/22/receipts_index.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+/* Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+/** Using CREATE INDEX directly is deprecated in favour of using background
+ * update see synapse/storage/schema/delta/33/access_tokens_device_index.sql
+ * and synapse/storage/registration.py for an example using
+ * "access_tokens_device_index" **/
+CREATE INDEX receipts_linearized_room_stream ON receipts_linearized(
+    room_id, stream_id
+);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/22/user_threepids_unique.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/22/user_threepids_unique.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..87edfa454c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/22/user_threepids_unique.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS user_threepids2 (
+    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    medium TEXT NOT NULL,
+    address TEXT NOT NULL,
+    validated_at BIGINT NOT NULL,
+    added_at BIGINT NOT NULL,
+    CONSTRAINT medium_address UNIQUE (medium, address)
+);
+
+INSERT INTO user_threepids2
+	SELECT * FROM user_threepids WHERE added_at IN (
+		SELECT max(added_at) FROM user_threepids GROUP BY medium, address
+	)
+;
+
+DROP TABLE user_threepids;
+ALTER TABLE user_threepids2 RENAME TO user_threepids;
+
+CREATE INDEX user_threepids_user_id ON user_threepids(user_id);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/23/drop_state_index.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/23/drop_state_index.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ae09fa0065
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/23/drop_state_index.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+/* Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+DROP INDEX IF EXISTS state_groups_state_tuple;
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/24/stats_reporting.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/24/stats_reporting.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..acea7483bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/24/stats_reporting.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+/* Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+ /* We used to create a table called stats_reporting, but this is no longer
+ * used and is removed in delta 54.
+ */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/25/00background_updates.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/25/00background_updates.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2ad9e8fa56
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/25/00background_updates.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+/* Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS background_updates(
+    update_name TEXT NOT NULL, -- The name of the background update.
+    progress_json TEXT NOT NULL, -- The current progress of the update as JSON.
+    CONSTRAINT background_updates_uniqueness UNIQUE (update_name)
+);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/25/fts.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/25/fts.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4b2ffd35fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/25/fts.py
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+# Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import logging
+
+import simplejson
+
+from synapse.storage.engines import PostgresEngine, Sqlite3Engine
+from synapse.storage.prepare_database import get_statements
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+POSTGRES_TABLE = """
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS event_search (
+    event_id TEXT,
+    room_id TEXT,
+    sender TEXT,
+    key TEXT,
+    vector tsvector
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX event_search_fts_idx ON event_search USING gin(vector);
+CREATE INDEX event_search_ev_idx ON event_search(event_id);
+CREATE INDEX event_search_ev_ridx ON event_search(room_id);
+"""
+
+
+SQLITE_TABLE = (
+    "CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE event_search"
+    " USING fts4 ( event_id, room_id, sender, key, value )"
+)
+
+
+def run_create(cur, database_engine, *args, **kwargs):
+    if isinstance(database_engine, PostgresEngine):
+        for statement in get_statements(POSTGRES_TABLE.splitlines()):
+            cur.execute(statement)
+    elif isinstance(database_engine, Sqlite3Engine):
+        cur.execute(SQLITE_TABLE)
+    else:
+        raise Exception("Unrecognized database engine")
+
+    cur.execute("SELECT MIN(stream_ordering) FROM events")
+    rows = cur.fetchall()
+    min_stream_id = rows[0][0]
+
+    cur.execute("SELECT MAX(stream_ordering) FROM events")
+    rows = cur.fetchall()
+    max_stream_id = rows[0][0]
+
+    if min_stream_id is not None and max_stream_id is not None:
+        progress = {
+            "target_min_stream_id_inclusive": min_stream_id,
+            "max_stream_id_exclusive": max_stream_id + 1,
+            "rows_inserted": 0,
+        }
+        progress_json = simplejson.dumps(progress)
+
+        sql = (
+            "INSERT into background_updates (update_name, progress_json)"
+            " VALUES (?, ?)"
+        )
+
+        sql = database_engine.convert_param_style(sql)
+
+        cur.execute(sql, ("event_search", progress_json))
+
+
+def run_upgrade(*args, **kwargs):
+    pass
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/25/guest_access.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/25/guest_access.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1ea389b471
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/25/guest_access.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+/* Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * This is a manual index of guest_access content of state events,
+ * so that we can join on them in SELECT statements.
+ */
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS guest_access(
+    event_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    guest_access TEXT NOT NULL,
+    UNIQUE (event_id)
+);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/25/history_visibility.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/25/history_visibility.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f468fc1897
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/25/history_visibility.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+/* Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * This is a manual index of history_visibility content of state events,
+ * so that we can join on them in SELECT statements.
+ */
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS history_visibility(
+    event_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    history_visibility TEXT NOT NULL,
+    UNIQUE (event_id)
+);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/25/tags.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/25/tags.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7a32ce68e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/25/tags.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+/* Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS room_tags(
+    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    tag     TEXT NOT NULL,  -- The name of the tag.
+    content TEXT NOT NULL,  -- The JSON content of the tag.
+    CONSTRAINT room_tag_uniqueness UNIQUE (user_id, room_id, tag)
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS room_tags_revisions (
+    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    stream_id BIGINT NOT NULL, -- The current version of the room tags.
+    CONSTRAINT room_tag_revisions_uniqueness UNIQUE (user_id, room_id)
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS private_user_data_max_stream_id(
+    Lock CHAR(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT 'X' UNIQUE,  -- Makes sure this table only has one row.
+    stream_id  BIGINT NOT NULL,
+    CHECK (Lock='X')
+);
+
+INSERT INTO private_user_data_max_stream_id (stream_id) VALUES (0);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/26/account_data.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/26/account_data.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e395de2b5e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/26/account_data.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+/* Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+
+ALTER TABLE private_user_data_max_stream_id RENAME TO account_data_max_stream_id;
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/27/account_data.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/27/account_data.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bf0558b5b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/27/account_data.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+/* Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS account_data(
+    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    account_data_type TEXT NOT NULL, -- The type of the account_data.
+    stream_id BIGINT NOT NULL, -- The version of the account_data.
+    content TEXT NOT NULL,  -- The JSON content of the account_data
+    CONSTRAINT account_data_uniqueness UNIQUE (user_id, account_data_type)
+);
+
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS room_account_data(
+    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    account_data_type TEXT NOT NULL, -- The type of the account_data.
+    stream_id BIGINT NOT NULL, -- The version of the account_data.
+    content TEXT NOT NULL,  -- The JSON content of the account_data
+    CONSTRAINT room_account_data_uniqueness UNIQUE (user_id, room_id, account_data_type)
+);
+
+
+CREATE INDEX account_data_stream_id on account_data(user_id, stream_id);
+CREATE INDEX room_account_data_stream_id on room_account_data(user_id, stream_id);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/27/forgotten_memberships.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/27/forgotten_memberships.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e2094f37fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/27/forgotten_memberships.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+/* Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Keeps track of what rooms users have left and don't want to be able to
+ * access again.
+ *
+ * If all users on this server have left a room, we can delete the room
+ * entirely.
+ *
+ * This column should always contain either 0 or 1.
+ */
+
+ ALTER TABLE room_memberships ADD COLUMN forgotten INTEGER DEFAULT 0;
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/27/ts.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/27/ts.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..414f9f5aa0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/27/ts.py
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+# Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import logging
+
+import simplejson
+
+from synapse.storage.prepare_database import get_statements
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+ALTER_TABLE = (
+    "ALTER TABLE events ADD COLUMN origin_server_ts BIGINT;"
+    "CREATE INDEX events_ts ON events(origin_server_ts, stream_ordering);"
+)
+
+
+def run_create(cur, database_engine, *args, **kwargs):
+    for statement in get_statements(ALTER_TABLE.splitlines()):
+        cur.execute(statement)
+
+    cur.execute("SELECT MIN(stream_ordering) FROM events")
+    rows = cur.fetchall()
+    min_stream_id = rows[0][0]
+
+    cur.execute("SELECT MAX(stream_ordering) FROM events")
+    rows = cur.fetchall()
+    max_stream_id = rows[0][0]
+
+    if min_stream_id is not None and max_stream_id is not None:
+        progress = {
+            "target_min_stream_id_inclusive": min_stream_id,
+            "max_stream_id_exclusive": max_stream_id + 1,
+            "rows_inserted": 0,
+        }
+        progress_json = simplejson.dumps(progress)
+
+        sql = (
+            "INSERT into background_updates (update_name, progress_json)"
+            " VALUES (?, ?)"
+        )
+
+        sql = database_engine.convert_param_style(sql)
+
+        cur.execute(sql, ("event_origin_server_ts", progress_json))
+
+
+def run_upgrade(*args, **kwargs):
+    pass
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/28/event_push_actions.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/28/event_push_actions.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4d519849df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/28/event_push_actions.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+/* Copyright 2015 OpenMarket Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS event_push_actions(
+    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    event_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    profile_tag VARCHAR(32),
+    actions TEXT NOT NULL,
+    CONSTRAINT event_id_user_id_profile_tag_uniqueness UNIQUE (room_id, event_id, user_id, profile_tag)
+);
+
+
+CREATE INDEX event_push_actions_room_id_event_id_user_id_profile_tag on event_push_actions(room_id, event_id, user_id, profile_tag);
+CREATE INDEX event_push_actions_room_id_user_id on event_push_actions(room_id, user_id);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/28/events_room_stream.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/28/events_room_stream.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..36609475f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/28/events_room_stream.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+/* Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+/** Using CREATE INDEX directly is deprecated in favour of using background
+ * update see synapse/storage/schema/delta/33/access_tokens_device_index.sql
+ * and synapse/storage/registration.py for an example using
+ * "access_tokens_device_index" **/
+CREATE INDEX events_room_stream on events(room_id, stream_ordering);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/28/public_roms_index.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/28/public_roms_index.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6c1fd68c5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/28/public_roms_index.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+/* Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+/** Using CREATE INDEX directly is deprecated in favour of using background
+ * update see synapse/storage/schema/delta/33/access_tokens_device_index.sql
+ * and synapse/storage/registration.py for an example using
+ * "access_tokens_device_index" **/
+CREATE INDEX public_room_index on rooms(is_public);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/28/receipts_user_id_index.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/28/receipts_user_id_index.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cb84c69baa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/28/receipts_user_id_index.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+/* Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+/** Using CREATE INDEX directly is deprecated in favour of using background
+ * update see synapse/storage/schema/delta/33/access_tokens_device_index.sql
+ * and synapse/storage/registration.py for an example using
+ * "access_tokens_device_index" **/
+CREATE INDEX receipts_linearized_user ON receipts_linearized(
+    user_id
+);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/28/upgrade_times.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/28/upgrade_times.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3e4a9ab455
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/28/upgrade_times.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+/* Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Stores the timestamp when a user upgraded from a guest to a full user, if
+ * that happened.
+ */
+
+ALTER TABLE users ADD COLUMN upgrade_ts BIGINT;
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/28/users_is_guest.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/28/users_is_guest.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..21d2b420bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/28/users_is_guest.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+/* Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+ALTER TABLE users ADD is_guest SMALLINT DEFAULT 0 NOT NULL;
+/*
+ * NB: any guest users created between 27 and 28 will be incorrectly
+ * marked as not guests: we don't bother to fill these in correctly
+ * because guest access is not really complete in 27 anyway so it's
+ * very unlikley there will be any guest users created.
+ */
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/29/push_actions.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/29/push_actions.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..84b21cf813
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/29/push_actions.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+/* Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+ALTER TABLE event_push_actions ADD COLUMN topological_ordering BIGINT;
+ALTER TABLE event_push_actions ADD COLUMN stream_ordering BIGINT;
+ALTER TABLE event_push_actions ADD COLUMN notif SMALLINT;
+ALTER TABLE event_push_actions ADD COLUMN highlight SMALLINT;
+
+UPDATE event_push_actions SET stream_ordering = (
+    SELECT stream_ordering FROM events WHERE event_id = event_push_actions.event_id
+), topological_ordering = (
+    SELECT topological_ordering FROM events WHERE event_id = event_push_actions.event_id
+);
+
+UPDATE event_push_actions SET notif = 1, highlight = 0;
+
+/** Using CREATE INDEX directly is deprecated in favour of using background
+ * update see synapse/storage/schema/delta/33/access_tokens_device_index.sql
+ * and synapse/storage/registration.py for an example using
+ * "access_tokens_device_index" **/
+CREATE INDEX event_push_actions_rm_tokens on event_push_actions(
+    user_id, room_id, topological_ordering, stream_ordering
+);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/30/alias_creator.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/30/alias_creator.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c9d0dde638
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/30/alias_creator.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+/* Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+ALTER TABLE room_aliases ADD COLUMN creator TEXT;
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/30/as_users.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/30/as_users.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9b95411fb6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/30/as_users.py
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+# Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+import logging
+
+from six.moves import range
+
+from synapse.config.appservice import load_appservices
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def run_create(cur, database_engine, *args, **kwargs):
+    # NULL indicates user was not registered by an appservice.
+    try:
+        cur.execute("ALTER TABLE users ADD COLUMN appservice_id TEXT")
+    except Exception:
+        # Maybe we already added the column? Hope so...
+        pass
+
+
+def run_upgrade(cur, database_engine, config, *args, **kwargs):
+    cur.execute("SELECT name FROM users")
+    rows = cur.fetchall()
+
+    config_files = []
+    try:
+        config_files = config.app_service_config_files
+    except AttributeError:
+        logger.warning("Could not get app_service_config_files from config")
+        pass
+
+    appservices = load_appservices(config.server_name, config_files)
+
+    owned = {}
+
+    for row in rows:
+        user_id = row[0]
+        for appservice in appservices:
+            if appservice.is_exclusive_user(user_id):
+                if user_id in owned.keys():
+                    logger.error(
+                        "user_id %s was owned by more than one application"
+                        " service (IDs %s and %s); assigning arbitrarily to %s"
+                        % (user_id, owned[user_id], appservice.id, owned[user_id])
+                    )
+                owned.setdefault(appservice.id, []).append(user_id)
+
+    for as_id, user_ids in owned.items():
+        n = 100
+        user_chunks = (user_ids[i : i + 100] for i in range(0, len(user_ids), n))
+        for chunk in user_chunks:
+            cur.execute(
+                database_engine.convert_param_style(
+                    "UPDATE users SET appservice_id = ? WHERE name IN (%s)"
+                    % (",".join("?" for _ in chunk),)
+                ),
+                [as_id] + chunk,
+            )
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/30/deleted_pushers.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/30/deleted_pushers.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..712c454aa1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/30/deleted_pushers.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+/* Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS deleted_pushers(
+    stream_id BIGINT NOT NULL,
+    app_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    pushkey TEXT NOT NULL,
+    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    /* We only track the most recent delete for each app_id, pushkey and user_id. */
+    UNIQUE (app_id, pushkey, user_id)
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX deleted_pushers_stream_id ON deleted_pushers (stream_id);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/30/presence_stream.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/30/presence_stream.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..606bbb037d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/30/presence_stream.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+/* Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+
+ CREATE TABLE presence_stream(
+     stream_id BIGINT,
+     user_id TEXT,
+     state TEXT,
+     last_active_ts BIGINT,
+     last_federation_update_ts BIGINT,
+     last_user_sync_ts BIGINT,
+     status_msg TEXT,
+     currently_active BOOLEAN
+ );
+
+ CREATE INDEX presence_stream_id ON presence_stream(stream_id, user_id);
+ CREATE INDEX presence_stream_user_id ON presence_stream(user_id);
+ CREATE INDEX presence_stream_state ON presence_stream(state);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/30/public_rooms.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/30/public_rooms.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f09db4faa6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/30/public_rooms.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+/* Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+
+/* This release removes the restriction that published rooms must have an alias,
+ * so we go back and ensure the only 'public' rooms are ones with an alias.
+ * We use (1 = 0) and (1 = 1) so that it works in both postgres and sqlite
+ */
+UPDATE rooms SET is_public = (1 = 0) WHERE is_public = (1 = 1) AND room_id not in (
+    SELECT room_id FROM room_aliases
+);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/30/push_rule_stream.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/30/push_rule_stream.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..735aa8d5f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/30/push_rule_stream.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+/* Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE push_rules_stream(
+    stream_id BIGINT NOT NULL,
+    event_stream_ordering BIGINT NOT NULL,
+    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    rule_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    op TEXT NOT NULL, -- One of "ENABLE", "DISABLE", "ACTIONS", "ADD", "DELETE"
+    priority_class SMALLINT,
+    priority INTEGER,
+    conditions TEXT,
+    actions TEXT
+);
+
+-- The extra data for each operation is:
+-- * ENABLE, DISABLE, DELETE: []
+-- * ACTIONS: ["actions"]
+-- * ADD: ["priority_class", "priority", "actions", "conditions"]
+
+-- Index for replication queries.
+CREATE INDEX push_rules_stream_id ON push_rules_stream(stream_id);
+-- Index for /sync queries.
+CREATE INDEX push_rules_stream_user_stream_id on push_rules_stream(user_id, stream_id);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/30/state_stream.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/30/state_stream.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e85699e82e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/30/state_stream.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+/* Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+
+/* We used to create a table called current_state_resets, but this is no
+ * longer used and is removed in delta 54.
+ */
+
+/* The outlier events that have aquired a state group typically through
+ * backfill. This is tracked separately to the events table, as assigning a
+ * state group change the position of the existing event in the stream
+ * ordering.
+ * However since a stream_ordering is assigned in persist_event for the
+ * (event, state) pair, we can use that stream_ordering to identify when
+ * the new state was assigned for the event.
+ */
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS ex_outlier_stream(
+    event_stream_ordering BIGINT PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL,
+    event_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    state_group BIGINT NOT NULL
+);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/30/threepid_guest_access_tokens.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/30/threepid_guest_access_tokens.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0dd2f1360c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/30/threepid_guest_access_tokens.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+/* Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+-- Stores guest account access tokens generated for unbound 3pids.
+CREATE TABLE threepid_guest_access_tokens(
+    medium TEXT, -- The medium of the 3pid. Must be "email".
+    address TEXT, -- The 3pid address.
+    guest_access_token TEXT, -- The access token for a guest user for this 3pid.
+    first_inviter TEXT -- User ID of the first user to invite this 3pid to a room.
+);
+
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX threepid_guest_access_tokens_index ON threepid_guest_access_tokens(medium, address);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/31/invites.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/31/invites.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2c57846d5a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/31/invites.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+/* Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+
+CREATE TABLE local_invites(
+    stream_id BIGINT NOT NULL,
+    inviter TEXT NOT NULL,
+    invitee TEXT NOT NULL,
+    event_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    locally_rejected TEXT,
+    replaced_by TEXT
+);
+
+-- Insert all invites for local users into new `invites` table
+INSERT INTO local_invites SELECT
+        stream_ordering as stream_id,
+        sender as inviter,
+        state_key as invitee,
+        event_id,
+        room_id,
+        NULL as locally_rejected,
+        NULL as replaced_by
+    FROM events
+    NATURAL JOIN current_state_events
+    NATURAL JOIN room_memberships
+    WHERE membership = 'invite'  AND state_key IN (SELECT name FROM users);
+
+CREATE INDEX local_invites_id ON local_invites(stream_id);
+CREATE INDEX local_invites_for_user_idx ON local_invites(invitee, locally_rejected, replaced_by, room_id);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/31/local_media_repository_url_cache.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/31/local_media_repository_url_cache.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9efb4280eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/31/local_media_repository_url_cache.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+/* Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+CREATE TABLE local_media_repository_url_cache(
+    url TEXT,              -- the URL being cached
+    response_code INTEGER, -- the HTTP response code of this download attempt
+    etag TEXT,             -- the etag header of this response
+    expires INTEGER,       -- the number of ms this response was valid for
+    og TEXT,               -- cache of the OG metadata of this URL as JSON
+    media_id TEXT,         -- the media_id, if any, of the URL's content in the repo
+    download_ts BIGINT     -- the timestamp of this download attempt
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX local_media_repository_url_cache_by_url_download_ts
+    ON local_media_repository_url_cache(url, download_ts);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/31/pushers.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/31/pushers.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9bb504aad5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/31/pushers.py
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+# Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+
+# Change the last_token to last_stream_ordering now that pushers no longer
+# listen on an event stream but instead select out of the event_push_actions
+# table.
+
+
+import logging
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def token_to_stream_ordering(token):
+    return int(token[1:].split("_")[0])
+
+
+def run_create(cur, database_engine, *args, **kwargs):
+    logger.info("Porting pushers table, delta 31...")
+    cur.execute(
+        """
+        CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS pushers2 (
+          id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY,
+          user_name TEXT NOT NULL,
+          access_token BIGINT DEFAULT NULL,
+          profile_tag VARCHAR(32) NOT NULL,
+          kind VARCHAR(8) NOT NULL,
+          app_id VARCHAR(64) NOT NULL,
+          app_display_name VARCHAR(64) NOT NULL,
+          device_display_name VARCHAR(128) NOT NULL,
+          pushkey TEXT NOT NULL,
+          ts BIGINT NOT NULL,
+          lang VARCHAR(8),
+          data TEXT,
+          last_stream_ordering INTEGER,
+          last_success BIGINT,
+          failing_since BIGINT,
+          UNIQUE (app_id, pushkey, user_name)
+        )
+    """
+    )
+    cur.execute(
+        """SELECT
+        id, user_name, access_token, profile_tag, kind,
+        app_id, app_display_name, device_display_name,
+        pushkey, ts, lang, data, last_token, last_success,
+        failing_since
+        FROM pushers
+    """
+    )
+    count = 0
+    for row in cur.fetchall():
+        row = list(row)
+        row[12] = token_to_stream_ordering(row[12])
+        cur.execute(
+            database_engine.convert_param_style(
+                """
+            INSERT into pushers2 (
+            id, user_name, access_token, profile_tag, kind,
+            app_id, app_display_name, device_display_name,
+            pushkey, ts, lang, data, last_stream_ordering, last_success,
+            failing_since
+            ) values (%s)"""
+                % (",".join(["?" for _ in range(len(row))]))
+            ),
+            row,
+        )
+        count += 1
+    cur.execute("DROP TABLE pushers")
+    cur.execute("ALTER TABLE pushers2 RENAME TO pushers")
+    logger.info("Moved %d pushers to new table", count)
+
+
+def run_upgrade(cur, database_engine, *args, **kwargs):
+    pass
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/31/pushers_index.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/31/pushers_index.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a82add88fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/31/pushers_index.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+/* Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+/** Using CREATE INDEX directly is deprecated in favour of using background
+ * update see synapse/storage/schema/delta/33/access_tokens_device_index.sql
+ * and synapse/storage/registration.py for an example using
+ * "access_tokens_device_index" **/
+ CREATE INDEX event_push_actions_stream_ordering on event_push_actions(
+     stream_ordering, user_id
+ );
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/31/search_update.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/31/search_update.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7d8ca5f93f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/31/search_update.py
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+# Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import logging
+
+import simplejson
+
+from synapse.storage.engines import PostgresEngine
+from synapse.storage.prepare_database import get_statements
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+ALTER_TABLE = """
+ALTER TABLE event_search ADD COLUMN origin_server_ts BIGINT;
+ALTER TABLE event_search ADD COLUMN stream_ordering BIGINT;
+"""
+
+
+def run_create(cur, database_engine, *args, **kwargs):
+    if not isinstance(database_engine, PostgresEngine):
+        return
+
+    for statement in get_statements(ALTER_TABLE.splitlines()):
+        cur.execute(statement)
+
+    cur.execute("SELECT MIN(stream_ordering) FROM events")
+    rows = cur.fetchall()
+    min_stream_id = rows[0][0]
+
+    cur.execute("SELECT MAX(stream_ordering) FROM events")
+    rows = cur.fetchall()
+    max_stream_id = rows[0][0]
+
+    if min_stream_id is not None and max_stream_id is not None:
+        progress = {
+            "target_min_stream_id_inclusive": min_stream_id,
+            "max_stream_id_exclusive": max_stream_id + 1,
+            "rows_inserted": 0,
+            "have_added_indexes": False,
+        }
+        progress_json = simplejson.dumps(progress)
+
+        sql = (
+            "INSERT into background_updates (update_name, progress_json)"
+            " VALUES (?, ?)"
+        )
+
+        sql = database_engine.convert_param_style(sql)
+
+        cur.execute(sql, ("event_search_order", progress_json))
+
+
+def run_upgrade(cur, database_engine, *args, **kwargs):
+    pass
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/32/events.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/32/events.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1dd0f9e170
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/32/events.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+/* Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+ALTER TABLE events ADD COLUMN received_ts BIGINT;
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/32/openid.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/32/openid.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..36f37b11c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/32/openid.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+
+CREATE TABLE open_id_tokens (
+    token TEXT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+    ts_valid_until_ms bigint NOT NULL,
+    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    UNIQUE (token)
+);
+
+CREATE index open_id_tokens_ts_valid_until_ms ON open_id_tokens(ts_valid_until_ms);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/32/pusher_throttle.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/32/pusher_throttle.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d86d30c13c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/32/pusher_throttle.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+/* Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+
+CREATE TABLE pusher_throttle(
+    pusher BIGINT NOT NULL,
+    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    last_sent_ts BIGINT,
+    throttle_ms BIGINT,
+    PRIMARY KEY (pusher, room_id)
+);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/32/remove_indices.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/32/remove_indices.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4219cdd06a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/32/remove_indices.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+/* Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+
+-- The following indices are redundant, other indices are equivalent or
+-- supersets
+DROP INDEX IF EXISTS events_room_id; -- Prefix of events_room_stream
+DROP INDEX IF EXISTS events_order; -- Prefix of events_order_topo_stream_room
+DROP INDEX IF EXISTS events_topological_ordering; -- Prefix of events_order_topo_stream_room
+DROP INDEX IF EXISTS events_stream_ordering; -- Duplicate of PRIMARY KEY
+DROP INDEX IF EXISTS state_groups_id; -- Duplicate of PRIMARY KEY
+DROP INDEX IF EXISTS event_to_state_groups_id; -- Duplicate of PRIMARY KEY
+DROP INDEX IF EXISTS event_push_actions_room_id_event_id_user_id_profile_tag; -- Duplicate of UNIQUE CONSTRAINT
+
+DROP INDEX IF EXISTS st_extrem_id; -- Prefix of UNIQUE CONSTRAINT
+DROP INDEX IF EXISTS event_signatures_id; -- Prefix of UNIQUE CONSTRAINT
+DROP INDEX IF EXISTS redactions_event_id; -- Duplicate of UNIQUE CONSTRAINT
+
+-- The following indices were unused
+DROP INDEX IF EXISTS remote_media_cache_thumbnails_media_id;
+DROP INDEX IF EXISTS evauth_edges_auth_id;
+DROP INDEX IF EXISTS presence_stream_state;
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/32/reports.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/32/reports.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d13609776f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/32/reports.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+/* Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+
+CREATE TABLE event_reports(
+    id BIGINT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+    received_ts BIGINT NOT NULL,
+    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    event_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    reason TEXT,
+    content TEXT
+);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/33/access_tokens_device_index.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/33/access_tokens_device_index.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..61ad3fe3e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/33/access_tokens_device_index.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+/* Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+INSERT INTO background_updates (update_name, progress_json) VALUES
+  ('access_tokens_device_index', '{}');
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/33/devices.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/33/devices.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..eca7268d82
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/33/devices.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+/* Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+CREATE TABLE devices (
+    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    device_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    display_name TEXT,
+    CONSTRAINT device_uniqueness UNIQUE (user_id, device_id)
+);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/33/devices_for_e2e_keys.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/33/devices_for_e2e_keys.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..aa4a3b9f2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/33/devices_for_e2e_keys.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+/* Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+-- make sure that we have a device record for each set of E2E keys, so that the
+-- user can delete them if they like.
+INSERT INTO devices
+    SELECT user_id, device_id, NULL FROM e2e_device_keys_json;
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/33/devices_for_e2e_keys_clear_unknown_device.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/33/devices_for_e2e_keys_clear_unknown_device.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6671573398
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/33/devices_for_e2e_keys_clear_unknown_device.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+/* Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+-- a previous version of the "devices_for_e2e_keys" delta set all the device
+-- names to "unknown device". This wasn't terribly helpful
+UPDATE devices
+    SET display_name = NULL
+    WHERE display_name = 'unknown device';
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/33/event_fields.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/33/event_fields.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bff1256a7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/33/event_fields.py
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+# Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import logging
+
+import simplejson
+
+from synapse.storage.prepare_database import get_statements
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+ALTER_TABLE = """
+ALTER TABLE events ADD COLUMN sender TEXT;
+ALTER TABLE events ADD COLUMN contains_url BOOLEAN;
+"""
+
+
+def run_create(cur, database_engine, *args, **kwargs):
+    for statement in get_statements(ALTER_TABLE.splitlines()):
+        cur.execute(statement)
+
+    cur.execute("SELECT MIN(stream_ordering) FROM events")
+    rows = cur.fetchall()
+    min_stream_id = rows[0][0]
+
+    cur.execute("SELECT MAX(stream_ordering) FROM events")
+    rows = cur.fetchall()
+    max_stream_id = rows[0][0]
+
+    if min_stream_id is not None and max_stream_id is not None:
+        progress = {
+            "target_min_stream_id_inclusive": min_stream_id,
+            "max_stream_id_exclusive": max_stream_id + 1,
+            "rows_inserted": 0,
+        }
+        progress_json = simplejson.dumps(progress)
+
+        sql = (
+            "INSERT into background_updates (update_name, progress_json)"
+            " VALUES (?, ?)"
+        )
+
+        sql = database_engine.convert_param_style(sql)
+
+        cur.execute(sql, ("event_fields_sender_url", progress_json))
+
+
+def run_upgrade(cur, database_engine, *args, **kwargs):
+    pass
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/33/remote_media_ts.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/33/remote_media_ts.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a26057dfb6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/33/remote_media_ts.py
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+# Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import time
+
+ALTER_TABLE = "ALTER TABLE remote_media_cache ADD COLUMN last_access_ts BIGINT"
+
+
+def run_create(cur, database_engine, *args, **kwargs):
+    cur.execute(ALTER_TABLE)
+
+
+def run_upgrade(cur, database_engine, *args, **kwargs):
+    cur.execute(
+        database_engine.convert_param_style(
+            "UPDATE remote_media_cache SET last_access_ts = ?"
+        ),
+        (int(time.time() * 1000),),
+    )
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/33/user_ips_index.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/33/user_ips_index.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..473f75a78e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/33/user_ips_index.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+/* Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+INSERT INTO background_updates (update_name, progress_json) VALUES
+  ('user_ips_device_index', '{}');
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/34/appservice_stream.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/34/appservice_stream.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..69e16eda0f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/34/appservice_stream.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+/* Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS appservice_stream_position(
+    Lock CHAR(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT 'X' UNIQUE,  -- Makes sure this table only has one row.
+    stream_ordering BIGINT,
+    CHECK (Lock='X')
+);
+
+INSERT INTO appservice_stream_position (stream_ordering)
+    SELECT COALESCE(MAX(stream_ordering), 0) FROM events;
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/34/cache_stream.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/34/cache_stream.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cf09e43e2b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/34/cache_stream.py
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+# Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import logging
+
+from synapse.storage.engines import PostgresEngine
+from synapse.storage.prepare_database import get_statements
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+# This stream is used to notify replication slaves that some caches have
+# been invalidated that they cannot infer from the other streams.
+CREATE_TABLE = """
+CREATE TABLE cache_invalidation_stream (
+    stream_id       BIGINT,
+    cache_func      TEXT,
+    keys            TEXT[],
+    invalidation_ts BIGINT
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX cache_invalidation_stream_id ON cache_invalidation_stream(stream_id);
+"""
+
+
+def run_create(cur, database_engine, *args, **kwargs):
+    if not isinstance(database_engine, PostgresEngine):
+        return
+
+    for statement in get_statements(CREATE_TABLE.splitlines()):
+        cur.execute(statement)
+
+
+def run_upgrade(cur, database_engine, *args, **kwargs):
+    pass
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/34/device_inbox.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/34/device_inbox.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e68844c74a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/34/device_inbox.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+/* Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+CREATE TABLE device_inbox (
+    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    device_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    stream_id BIGINT NOT NULL,
+    message_json TEXT NOT NULL -- {"type":, "sender":, "content",}
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX device_inbox_user_stream_id ON device_inbox(user_id, device_id, stream_id);
+CREATE INDEX device_inbox_stream_id ON device_inbox(stream_id);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/34/push_display_name_rename.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/34/push_display_name_rename.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0d9fe1a99a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/34/push_display_name_rename.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+/* Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+DELETE FROM push_rules WHERE rule_id = 'global/override/.m.rule.contains_display_name';
+UPDATE push_rules SET rule_id = 'global/override/.m.rule.contains_display_name' WHERE rule_id = 'global/underride/.m.rule.contains_display_name';
+
+DELETE FROM push_rules_enable WHERE rule_id = 'global/override/.m.rule.contains_display_name';
+UPDATE push_rules_enable SET rule_id = 'global/override/.m.rule.contains_display_name' WHERE rule_id = 'global/underride/.m.rule.contains_display_name';
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/34/received_txn_purge.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/34/received_txn_purge.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..67d505e68b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/34/received_txn_purge.py
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+# Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import logging
+
+from synapse.storage.engines import PostgresEngine
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def run_create(cur, database_engine, *args, **kwargs):
+    if isinstance(database_engine, PostgresEngine):
+        cur.execute("TRUNCATE received_transactions")
+    else:
+        cur.execute("DELETE FROM received_transactions")
+
+    cur.execute("CREATE INDEX received_transactions_ts ON received_transactions(ts)")
+
+
+def run_upgrade(cur, database_engine, *args, **kwargs):
+    pass
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/35/add_state_index.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/35/add_state_index.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..33980d02f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/35/add_state_index.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+/* Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+INSERT into background_updates (update_name, progress_json, depends_on)
+    VALUES ('state_group_state_type_index', '{}', 'state_group_state_deduplication');
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/35/contains_url.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/35/contains_url.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6cd123027b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/35/contains_url.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+/* Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+ INSERT into background_updates (update_name, progress_json)
+     VALUES ('event_contains_url_index', '{}');
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/35/device_outbox.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/35/device_outbox.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..17e6c43105
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/35/device_outbox.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+/* Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS device_federation_outbox;
+CREATE TABLE device_federation_outbox (
+    destination TEXT NOT NULL,
+    stream_id BIGINT NOT NULL,
+    queued_ts BIGINT NOT NULL,
+    messages_json TEXT NOT NULL
+);
+
+
+DROP INDEX IF EXISTS device_federation_outbox_destination_id;
+CREATE INDEX device_federation_outbox_destination_id
+    ON device_federation_outbox(destination, stream_id);
+
+
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS device_federation_inbox;
+CREATE TABLE device_federation_inbox (
+    origin TEXT NOT NULL,
+    message_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    received_ts BIGINT NOT NULL
+);
+
+DROP INDEX IF EXISTS device_federation_inbox_sender_id;
+CREATE INDEX device_federation_inbox_sender_id
+    ON device_federation_inbox(origin, message_id);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/35/device_stream_id.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/35/device_stream_id.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7ab7d942e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/35/device_stream_id.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+/* Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+CREATE TABLE device_max_stream_id (
+    stream_id BIGINT NOT NULL
+);
+
+INSERT INTO device_max_stream_id (stream_id)
+    SELECT COALESCE(MAX(stream_id), 0) FROM device_inbox;
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/35/event_push_actions_index.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/35/event_push_actions_index.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2e836d8e9c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/35/event_push_actions_index.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+/* Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+ INSERT into background_updates (update_name, progress_json)
+     VALUES ('epa_highlight_index', '{}');
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/35/public_room_list_change_stream.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/35/public_room_list_change_stream.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..dd2bf2e28a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/35/public_room_list_change_stream.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+/* Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+
+CREATE TABLE public_room_list_stream (
+    stream_id BIGINT NOT NULL,
+    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    visibility BOOLEAN NOT NULL
+);
+
+INSERT INTO public_room_list_stream (stream_id, room_id, visibility)
+    SELECT 1, room_id, is_public FROM rooms
+    WHERE is_public = CAST(1 AS BOOLEAN);
+
+CREATE INDEX public_room_list_stream_idx on public_room_list_stream(
+    stream_id
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX public_room_list_stream_rm_idx on public_room_list_stream(
+    room_id, stream_id
+);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/35/state.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/35/state.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0f1fa68a89
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/35/state.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+/* Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+CREATE TABLE state_group_edges(
+    state_group BIGINT NOT NULL,
+    prev_state_group BIGINT NOT NULL
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX state_group_edges_idx ON state_group_edges(state_group);
+CREATE INDEX state_group_edges_prev_idx ON state_group_edges(prev_state_group);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/35/state_dedupe.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/35/state_dedupe.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..97e5067ef4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/35/state_dedupe.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+/* Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+INSERT into background_updates (update_name, progress_json)
+    VALUES ('state_group_state_deduplication', '{}');
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/35/stream_order_to_extrem.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/35/stream_order_to_extrem.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2b945d8a57
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/35/stream_order_to_extrem.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+/* Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+
+CREATE TABLE stream_ordering_to_exterm (
+    stream_ordering BIGINT NOT NULL,
+    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    event_id TEXT NOT NULL
+);
+
+INSERT INTO stream_ordering_to_exterm (stream_ordering, room_id, event_id)
+    SELECT stream_ordering, room_id, event_id FROM event_forward_extremities
+    INNER JOIN (
+        SELECT room_id, max(stream_ordering) as stream_ordering FROM events
+        INNER JOIN event_forward_extremities USING (room_id, event_id)
+        GROUP BY room_id
+    ) AS rms USING (room_id);
+
+CREATE INDEX stream_ordering_to_exterm_idx on stream_ordering_to_exterm(
+    stream_ordering
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX stream_ordering_to_exterm_rm_idx on stream_ordering_to_exterm(
+    room_id, stream_ordering
+);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/36/readd_public_rooms.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/36/readd_public_rooms.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..90d8fd18f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/36/readd_public_rooms.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+/* Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+-- Re-add some entries to stream_ordering_to_exterm that were incorrectly deleted
+INSERT INTO stream_ordering_to_exterm (stream_ordering, room_id, event_id)
+    SELECT
+        (SELECT stream_ordering FROM events where event_id = e.event_id) AS stream_ordering,
+        room_id,
+        event_id
+    FROM event_forward_extremities AS e
+    WHERE NOT EXISTS (
+        SELECT room_id FROM stream_ordering_to_exterm AS s
+        WHERE s.room_id = e.room_id
+    );
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/37/remove_auth_idx.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/37/remove_auth_idx.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a377884169
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/37/remove_auth_idx.py
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+# Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import logging
+
+from synapse.storage.engines import PostgresEngine
+from synapse.storage.prepare_database import get_statements
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+DROP_INDICES = """
+-- We only ever query based on event_id
+DROP INDEX IF EXISTS state_events_room_id;
+DROP INDEX IF EXISTS state_events_type;
+DROP INDEX IF EXISTS state_events_state_key;
+
+-- room_id is indexed elsewhere
+DROP INDEX IF EXISTS current_state_events_room_id;
+DROP INDEX IF EXISTS current_state_events_state_key;
+DROP INDEX IF EXISTS current_state_events_type;
+
+DROP INDEX IF EXISTS transactions_have_ref;
+
+-- (topological_ordering, stream_ordering, room_id) seems like a strange index,
+-- and is used incredibly rarely.
+DROP INDEX IF EXISTS events_order_topo_stream_room;
+
+-- an equivalent index to this actually gets re-created in delta 41, because it
+-- turned out that deleting it wasn't a great plan :/. In any case, let's
+-- delete it here, and delta 41 will create a new one with an added UNIQUE
+-- constraint
+DROP INDEX IF EXISTS event_search_ev_idx;
+"""
+
+POSTGRES_DROP_CONSTRAINT = """
+ALTER TABLE event_auth DROP CONSTRAINT IF EXISTS event_auth_event_id_auth_id_room_id_key;
+"""
+
+SQLITE_DROP_CONSTRAINT = """
+DROP INDEX IF EXISTS evauth_edges_id;
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS event_auth_new(
+    event_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    auth_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    room_id TEXT NOT NULL
+);
+
+INSERT INTO event_auth_new
+    SELECT event_id, auth_id, room_id
+    FROM event_auth;
+
+DROP TABLE event_auth;
+
+ALTER TABLE event_auth_new RENAME TO event_auth;
+
+CREATE INDEX evauth_edges_id ON event_auth(event_id);
+"""
+
+
+def run_create(cur, database_engine, *args, **kwargs):
+    for statement in get_statements(DROP_INDICES.splitlines()):
+        cur.execute(statement)
+
+    if isinstance(database_engine, PostgresEngine):
+        drop_constraint = POSTGRES_DROP_CONSTRAINT
+    else:
+        drop_constraint = SQLITE_DROP_CONSTRAINT
+
+    for statement in get_statements(drop_constraint.splitlines()):
+        cur.execute(statement)
+
+
+def run_upgrade(cur, database_engine, *args, **kwargs):
+    pass
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/37/user_threepids.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/37/user_threepids.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cf7a90dd10
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/37/user_threepids.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+/* Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Update any email addresses that were stored with mixed case into all
+ * lowercase
+ */
+
+ -- There may be "duplicate" emails (with different case) already in the table,
+ -- so we find them and move all but the most recently used account.
+ UPDATE user_threepids
+ SET medium = 'email_old'
+ WHERE medium = 'email'
+    AND address IN (
+         -- We select all the addresses that are linked to the user_id that is NOT
+         -- the most recently created.
+         SELECT u.address
+         FROM
+             user_threepids AS u,
+             -- `duplicate_addresses` is a table of all the email addresses that
+             -- appear multiple times and when the binding was created
+             (
+                 SELECT lower(u1.address) AS address, max(u1.added_at) AS max_ts
+                 FROM user_threepids AS u1
+                 INNER JOIN user_threepids AS u2 ON u1.medium = u2.medium AND lower(u1.address) = lower(u2.address) AND u1.address != u2.address
+                 WHERE u1.medium = 'email' AND u2.medium = 'email'
+                 GROUP BY lower(u1.address)
+             ) AS duplicate_addresses
+         WHERE
+             lower(u.address) = duplicate_addresses.address
+             AND u.added_at != max_ts  -- NOT the most recently created
+     );
+
+
+-- This update is now safe since we've removed the duplicate addresses.
+UPDATE user_threepids SET address = LOWER(address) WHERE medium = 'email';
+
+
+/* Add an index for the select we do on passwored reset */
+CREATE INDEX user_threepids_medium_address on user_threepids (medium, address);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/38/postgres_fts_gist.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/38/postgres_fts_gist.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..515e6b8e84
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/38/postgres_fts_gist.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+/* Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+-- We no longer do this given we back it out again in schema 47
+
+-- INSERT into background_updates (update_name, progress_json)
+--     VALUES ('event_search_postgres_gist', '{}');
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/39/appservice_room_list.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/39/appservice_room_list.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..74bdc49073
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/39/appservice_room_list.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+/* Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+CREATE TABLE appservice_room_list(
+    appservice_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    network_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    room_id TEXT NOT NULL
+);
+
+-- Each appservice can have multiple published room lists associated with them,
+-- keyed of a particular network_id
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX appservice_room_list_idx ON appservice_room_list(
+    appservice_id, network_id, room_id
+);
+
+ALTER TABLE public_room_list_stream ADD COLUMN appservice_id TEXT;
+ALTER TABLE public_room_list_stream ADD COLUMN network_id TEXT;
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/39/device_federation_stream_idx.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/39/device_federation_stream_idx.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..00be801e90
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/39/device_federation_stream_idx.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+/* Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+CREATE INDEX device_federation_outbox_id ON device_federation_outbox(stream_id);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/39/event_push_index.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/39/event_push_index.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..de2ad93e5c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/39/event_push_index.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+/* Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+INSERT INTO background_updates (update_name, progress_json) VALUES
+  ('event_push_actions_highlights_index', '{}');
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/39/federation_out_position.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/39/federation_out_position.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5af814290b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/39/federation_out_position.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+/* Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+ CREATE TABLE federation_stream_position(
+     type TEXT NOT NULL,
+     stream_id INTEGER NOT NULL
+ );
+
+ INSERT INTO federation_stream_position (type, stream_id) VALUES ('federation', -1);
+ INSERT INTO federation_stream_position (type, stream_id) SELECT 'events', coalesce(max(stream_ordering), -1) FROM events;
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/39/membership_profile.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/39/membership_profile.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1bf911c8ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/39/membership_profile.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+/* Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+ALTER TABLE room_memberships ADD COLUMN display_name TEXT;
+ALTER TABLE room_memberships ADD COLUMN avatar_url TEXT;
+
+INSERT into background_updates (update_name, progress_json)
+    VALUES ('room_membership_profile_update', '{}');
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/40/current_state_idx.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/40/current_state_idx.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7ffa189f39
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/40/current_state_idx.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+/* Copyright 2017 OpenMarket Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+INSERT INTO background_updates (update_name, progress_json) VALUES
+  ('current_state_members_idx', '{}');
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/40/device_inbox.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/40/device_inbox.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b9fe1f0480
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/40/device_inbox.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+/* Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+-- turn the pre-fill startup query into a index-only scan on postgresql.
+INSERT into background_updates (update_name, progress_json)
+    VALUES ('device_inbox_stream_index', '{}');
+
+INSERT into background_updates (update_name, progress_json, depends_on)
+    VALUES ('device_inbox_stream_drop', '{}', 'device_inbox_stream_index');
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/40/device_list_streams.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/40/device_list_streams.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..dd6dcb65f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/40/device_list_streams.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+/* Copyright 2017 OpenMarket Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+-- Cache of remote devices.
+CREATE TABLE device_lists_remote_cache (
+    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    device_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    content TEXT NOT NULL
+);
+
+-- The last update we got for a user. Empty if we're not receiving updates for
+-- that user.
+CREATE TABLE device_lists_remote_extremeties (
+    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    stream_id TEXT NOT NULL
+);
+
+-- we used to create non-unique indexes on these tables, but as of update 52 we create
+-- unique indexes concurrently:
+--
+-- CREATE INDEX device_lists_remote_cache_id ON device_lists_remote_cache(user_id, device_id);
+-- CREATE INDEX device_lists_remote_extremeties_id ON device_lists_remote_extremeties(user_id, stream_id);
+
+
+-- Stream of device lists updates. Includes both local and remotes
+CREATE TABLE device_lists_stream (
+    stream_id BIGINT NOT NULL,
+    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    device_id TEXT NOT NULL
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX device_lists_stream_id ON device_lists_stream(stream_id, user_id);
+
+
+-- The stream of updates to send to other servers. We keep at least one row
+-- per user that was sent so that the prev_id for any new updates can be
+-- calculated
+CREATE TABLE device_lists_outbound_pokes (
+    destination TEXT NOT NULL,
+    stream_id BIGINT NOT NULL,
+    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    device_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    sent BOOLEAN NOT NULL,
+    ts BIGINT NOT NULL  -- So that in future we can clear out pokes to dead servers
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX device_lists_outbound_pokes_id ON device_lists_outbound_pokes(destination, stream_id);
+CREATE INDEX device_lists_outbound_pokes_user ON device_lists_outbound_pokes(destination, user_id);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/40/event_push_summary.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/40/event_push_summary.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3918f0b794
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/40/event_push_summary.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+/* Copyright 2017 OpenMarket Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+-- Aggregate of old notification counts that have been deleted out of the
+-- main event_push_actions table. This count does not include those that were
+-- highlights, as they remain in the event_push_actions table.
+CREATE TABLE event_push_summary (
+    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    notif_count BIGINT NOT NULL,
+    stream_ordering BIGINT NOT NULL
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX event_push_summary_user_rm ON event_push_summary(user_id, room_id);
+
+
+-- The stream ordering up to which we have aggregated the event_push_actions
+-- table into event_push_summary
+CREATE TABLE event_push_summary_stream_ordering (
+    Lock CHAR(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT 'X' UNIQUE,  -- Makes sure this table only has one row.
+    stream_ordering BIGINT NOT NULL,
+    CHECK (Lock='X')
+);
+
+INSERT INTO event_push_summary_stream_ordering (stream_ordering) VALUES (0);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/40/pushers.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/40/pushers.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..054a223f14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/40/pushers.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+/* Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS pushers2 (
+    id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY,
+    user_name TEXT NOT NULL,
+    access_token BIGINT DEFAULT NULL,
+    profile_tag TEXT NOT NULL,
+    kind TEXT NOT NULL,
+    app_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    app_display_name TEXT NOT NULL,
+    device_display_name TEXT NOT NULL,
+    pushkey TEXT NOT NULL,
+    ts BIGINT NOT NULL,
+    lang TEXT,
+    data TEXT,
+    last_stream_ordering INTEGER,
+    last_success BIGINT,
+    failing_since BIGINT,
+    UNIQUE (app_id, pushkey, user_name)
+);
+
+INSERT INTO pushers2 SELECT * FROM PUSHERS;
+
+DROP TABLE PUSHERS;
+
+ALTER TABLE pushers2 RENAME TO pushers;
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/41/device_list_stream_idx.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/41/device_list_stream_idx.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b7bee8b692
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/41/device_list_stream_idx.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+/* Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+INSERT into background_updates (update_name, progress_json)
+    VALUES ('device_lists_stream_idx', '{}');
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/41/device_outbound_index.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/41/device_outbound_index.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..62f0b9892b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/41/device_outbound_index.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+/* Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+CREATE INDEX device_lists_outbound_pokes_stream ON device_lists_outbound_pokes(stream_id);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/41/event_search_event_id_idx.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/41/event_search_event_id_idx.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5d9cfecf36
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/41/event_search_event_id_idx.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+/* Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+INSERT into background_updates (update_name, progress_json)
+    VALUES ('event_search_event_id_idx', '{}');
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/41/ratelimit.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/41/ratelimit.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a194bf0238
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/41/ratelimit.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+/* Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+CREATE TABLE ratelimit_override (
+    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    messages_per_second BIGINT,
+    burst_count BIGINT
+);
+
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX ratelimit_override_idx ON ratelimit_override(user_id);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/42/current_state_delta.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/42/current_state_delta.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d28851aff8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/42/current_state_delta.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+/* Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+
+CREATE TABLE current_state_delta_stream (
+    stream_id BIGINT NOT NULL,
+    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    type TEXT NOT NULL,
+    state_key TEXT NOT NULL,
+    event_id TEXT,  -- Is null if the key was removed
+    prev_event_id TEXT  -- Is null if the key was added
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX current_state_delta_stream_idx ON current_state_delta_stream(stream_id);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/42/device_list_last_id.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/42/device_list_last_id.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9ab8c14fa3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/42/device_list_last_id.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+/* Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+
+-- Table of last stream_id that we sent to destination for user_id. This is
+-- used to fill out the `prev_id` fields of outbound device list updates.
+CREATE TABLE device_lists_outbound_last_success (
+    destination TEXT NOT NULL,
+    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    stream_id BIGINT NOT NULL
+);
+
+INSERT INTO device_lists_outbound_last_success
+    SELECT destination, user_id, coalesce(max(stream_id), 0) as stream_id
+        FROM device_lists_outbound_pokes
+        WHERE sent = (1 = 1)  -- sqlite doesn't have inbuilt boolean values
+        GROUP BY destination, user_id;
+
+CREATE INDEX device_lists_outbound_last_success_idx ON device_lists_outbound_last_success(
+    destination, user_id, stream_id
+);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/42/event_auth_state_only.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/42/event_auth_state_only.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b8821ac759
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/42/event_auth_state_only.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+/* Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+INSERT INTO background_updates (update_name, progress_json) VALUES
+  ('event_auth_state_only', '{}');
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/42/user_dir.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/42/user_dir.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..506f326f4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/42/user_dir.py
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+# Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import logging
+
+from synapse.storage.engines import PostgresEngine, Sqlite3Engine
+from synapse.storage.prepare_database import get_statements
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+BOTH_TABLES = """
+CREATE TABLE user_directory_stream_pos (
+    Lock CHAR(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT 'X' UNIQUE,  -- Makes sure this table only has one row.
+    stream_id BIGINT,
+    CHECK (Lock='X')
+);
+
+INSERT INTO user_directory_stream_pos (stream_id) VALUES (null);
+
+CREATE TABLE user_directory (
+    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,  -- A room_id that we know the user is joined to
+    display_name TEXT,
+    avatar_url TEXT
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX user_directory_room_idx ON user_directory(room_id);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX user_directory_user_idx ON user_directory(user_id);
+
+CREATE TABLE users_in_pubic_room (
+    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    room_id TEXT NOT NULL  -- A room_id that we know is public
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX users_in_pubic_room_room_idx ON users_in_pubic_room(room_id);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX users_in_pubic_room_user_idx ON users_in_pubic_room(user_id);
+"""
+
+
+POSTGRES_TABLE = """
+CREATE TABLE user_directory_search (
+    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    vector tsvector
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX user_directory_search_fts_idx ON user_directory_search USING gin(vector);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX user_directory_search_user_idx ON user_directory_search(user_id);
+"""
+
+
+SQLITE_TABLE = """
+CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE user_directory_search
+    USING fts4 ( user_id, value );
+"""
+
+
+def run_create(cur, database_engine, *args, **kwargs):
+    for statement in get_statements(BOTH_TABLES.splitlines()):
+        cur.execute(statement)
+
+    if isinstance(database_engine, PostgresEngine):
+        for statement in get_statements(POSTGRES_TABLE.splitlines()):
+            cur.execute(statement)
+    elif isinstance(database_engine, Sqlite3Engine):
+        for statement in get_statements(SQLITE_TABLE.splitlines()):
+            cur.execute(statement)
+    else:
+        raise Exception("Unrecognized database engine")
+
+
+def run_upgrade(*args, **kwargs):
+    pass
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/43/blocked_rooms.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/43/blocked_rooms.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0e3cd143ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/43/blocked_rooms.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+/* Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+CREATE TABLE blocked_rooms (
+    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    user_id TEXT NOT NULL  -- Admin who blocked the room
+);
+
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX blocked_rooms_idx ON blocked_rooms(room_id);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/43/quarantine_media.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/43/quarantine_media.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..630907ec4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/43/quarantine_media.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+/* Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+ALTER TABLE local_media_repository ADD COLUMN quarantined_by TEXT;
+ALTER TABLE remote_media_cache ADD COLUMN quarantined_by TEXT;
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/43/url_cache.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/43/url_cache.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..45ebe020da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/43/url_cache.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+/* Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+ALTER TABLE local_media_repository ADD COLUMN url_cache TEXT;
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/43/user_share.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/43/user_share.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ee7062abe4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/43/user_share.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+/* Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+-- Table keeping track of who shares a room with who. We only keep track
+-- of this for local users, so `user_id` is local users only (but we do keep track
+-- of which remote users share a room)
+CREATE TABLE users_who_share_rooms (
+    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    other_user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    share_private BOOLEAN NOT NULL  -- is the shared room private? i.e. they share a private room
+);
+
+
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX users_who_share_rooms_u_idx ON users_who_share_rooms(user_id, other_user_id);
+CREATE INDEX users_who_share_rooms_r_idx ON users_who_share_rooms(room_id);
+CREATE INDEX users_who_share_rooms_o_idx ON users_who_share_rooms(other_user_id);
+
+
+-- Make sure that we populate the table initially
+UPDATE user_directory_stream_pos SET stream_id = NULL;
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/44/expire_url_cache.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/44/expire_url_cache.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b12f9b2ebf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/44/expire_url_cache.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+/* Copyright 2017 New Vector Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+-- this didn't work on SQLite 3.7 (because of lack of partial indexes), so was
+-- removed and replaced with 46/local_media_repository_url_idx.sql.
+--
+-- CREATE INDEX local_media_repository_url_idx ON local_media_repository(created_ts) WHERE url_cache IS NOT NULL;
+
+-- we need to change `expires` to `expires_ts` so that we can index on it. SQLite doesn't support
+-- indices on expressions until 3.9.
+CREATE TABLE local_media_repository_url_cache_new(
+    url TEXT,
+    response_code INTEGER,
+    etag TEXT,
+    expires_ts BIGINT,
+    og TEXT,
+    media_id TEXT,
+    download_ts BIGINT
+);
+
+INSERT INTO local_media_repository_url_cache_new
+    SELECT url, response_code, etag, expires + download_ts, og, media_id, download_ts FROM local_media_repository_url_cache;
+
+DROP TABLE local_media_repository_url_cache;
+ALTER TABLE local_media_repository_url_cache_new RENAME TO local_media_repository_url_cache;
+
+CREATE INDEX local_media_repository_url_cache_expires_idx ON local_media_repository_url_cache(expires_ts);
+CREATE INDEX local_media_repository_url_cache_by_url_download_ts ON local_media_repository_url_cache(url, download_ts);
+CREATE INDEX local_media_repository_url_cache_media_idx ON local_media_repository_url_cache(media_id);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/45/group_server.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/45/group_server.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b2333848a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/45/group_server.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+/* Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+CREATE TABLE groups (
+    group_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    name TEXT,  -- the display name of the room
+    avatar_url TEXT,
+    short_description TEXT,
+    long_description TEXT
+);
+
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX groups_idx ON groups(group_id);
+
+
+-- list of users the group server thinks are joined
+CREATE TABLE group_users (
+    group_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    is_admin BOOLEAN NOT NULL,
+    is_public BOOLEAN NOT NULL  -- whether the users membership can be seen by everyone
+);
+
+
+CREATE INDEX groups_users_g_idx ON group_users(group_id, user_id);
+CREATE INDEX groups_users_u_idx ON group_users(user_id);
+
+-- list of users the group server thinks are invited
+CREATE TABLE group_invites (
+    group_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    user_id TEXT NOT NULL
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX groups_invites_g_idx ON group_invites(group_id, user_id);
+CREATE INDEX groups_invites_u_idx ON group_invites(user_id);
+
+
+CREATE TABLE group_rooms (
+    group_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    is_public BOOLEAN NOT NULL  -- whether the room can be seen by everyone
+);
+
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX groups_rooms_g_idx ON group_rooms(group_id, room_id);
+CREATE INDEX groups_rooms_r_idx ON group_rooms(room_id);
+
+
+-- Rooms to include in the summary
+CREATE TABLE group_summary_rooms (
+    group_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    category_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    room_order BIGINT NOT NULL,
+    is_public BOOLEAN NOT NULL, -- whether the room should be show to everyone
+    UNIQUE (group_id, category_id, room_id, room_order),
+    CHECK (room_order > 0)
+);
+
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX group_summary_rooms_g_idx ON group_summary_rooms(group_id, room_id, category_id);
+
+
+-- Categories to include in the summary
+CREATE TABLE group_summary_room_categories (
+    group_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    category_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    cat_order BIGINT NOT NULL,
+    UNIQUE (group_id, category_id, cat_order),
+    CHECK (cat_order > 0)
+);
+
+-- The categories in the group
+CREATE TABLE group_room_categories (
+    group_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    category_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    profile TEXT NOT NULL,
+    is_public BOOLEAN NOT NULL, -- whether the category should be show to everyone
+    UNIQUE (group_id, category_id)
+);
+
+-- The users to include in the group summary
+CREATE TABLE group_summary_users (
+    group_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    role_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    user_order BIGINT NOT NULL,
+    is_public BOOLEAN NOT NULL  -- whether the user should be show to everyone
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX group_summary_users_g_idx ON group_summary_users(group_id);
+
+-- The roles to include in the group summary
+CREATE TABLE group_summary_roles (
+    group_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    role_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    role_order BIGINT NOT NULL,
+    UNIQUE (group_id, role_id, role_order),
+    CHECK (role_order > 0)
+);
+
+
+-- The roles in a groups
+CREATE TABLE group_roles (
+    group_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    role_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    profile TEXT NOT NULL,
+    is_public BOOLEAN NOT NULL,  -- whether the role should be show to everyone
+    UNIQUE (group_id, role_id)
+);
+
+
+-- List of  attestations we've given out and need to renew
+CREATE TABLE group_attestations_renewals (
+    group_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    valid_until_ms BIGINT NOT NULL
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX group_attestations_renewals_g_idx ON group_attestations_renewals(group_id, user_id);
+CREATE INDEX group_attestations_renewals_u_idx ON group_attestations_renewals(user_id);
+CREATE INDEX group_attestations_renewals_v_idx ON group_attestations_renewals(valid_until_ms);
+
+
+-- List of attestations we've received from remotes and are interested in.
+CREATE TABLE group_attestations_remote (
+    group_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    valid_until_ms BIGINT NOT NULL,
+    attestation_json TEXT NOT NULL
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX group_attestations_remote_g_idx ON group_attestations_remote(group_id, user_id);
+CREATE INDEX group_attestations_remote_u_idx ON group_attestations_remote(user_id);
+CREATE INDEX group_attestations_remote_v_idx ON group_attestations_remote(valid_until_ms);
+
+
+-- The group membership for the HS's users
+CREATE TABLE local_group_membership (
+    group_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    is_admin BOOLEAN NOT NULL,
+    membership TEXT NOT NULL,
+    is_publicised BOOLEAN NOT NULL,  -- if the user is publicising their membership
+    content TEXT NOT NULL
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX local_group_membership_u_idx ON local_group_membership(user_id, group_id);
+CREATE INDEX local_group_membership_g_idx ON local_group_membership(group_id);
+
+
+CREATE TABLE local_group_updates (
+    stream_id BIGINT NOT NULL,
+    group_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    type TEXT NOT NULL,
+    content TEXT NOT NULL
+);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/45/profile_cache.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/45/profile_cache.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e5ddc84df0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/45/profile_cache.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+/* Copyright 2017 New Vector Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+
+-- A subset of remote users whose profiles we have cached.
+-- Whether a user is in this table or not is defined by the storage function
+-- `is_subscribed_remote_profile_for_user`
+CREATE TABLE remote_profile_cache (
+    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    displayname TEXT,
+    avatar_url TEXT,
+    last_check BIGINT NOT NULL
+);
+
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX remote_profile_cache_user_id ON remote_profile_cache(user_id);
+CREATE INDEX remote_profile_cache_time ON remote_profile_cache(last_check);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/46/drop_refresh_tokens.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/46/drop_refresh_tokens.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..68c48a89a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/46/drop_refresh_tokens.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+/* Copyright 2017 New Vector Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+/* we no longer use (or create) the refresh_tokens table */
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS refresh_tokens;
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/46/drop_unique_deleted_pushers.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/46/drop_unique_deleted_pushers.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bb307889c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/46/drop_unique_deleted_pushers.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+/* Copyright 2017 New Vector Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+-- drop the unique constraint on deleted_pushers so that we can just insert
+-- into it rather than upserting.
+
+CREATE TABLE deleted_pushers2 (
+    stream_id BIGINT NOT NULL,
+    app_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    pushkey TEXT NOT NULL,
+    user_id TEXT NOT NULL
+);
+
+INSERT INTO deleted_pushers2 (stream_id, app_id, pushkey, user_id)
+    SELECT stream_id, app_id, pushkey, user_id from deleted_pushers;
+
+DROP TABLE deleted_pushers;
+ALTER TABLE deleted_pushers2 RENAME TO deleted_pushers;
+
+-- create the index after doing the inserts because that's more efficient.
+-- it also means we can give it the same name as the old one without renaming.
+CREATE INDEX deleted_pushers_stream_id ON deleted_pushers (stream_id);
+
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/46/group_server.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/46/group_server.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..097679bc9a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/46/group_server.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+/* Copyright 2017 New Vector Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+CREATE TABLE groups_new (
+    group_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    name TEXT,  -- the display name of the room
+    avatar_url TEXT,
+    short_description TEXT,
+    long_description TEXT,
+    is_public BOOL NOT NULL -- whether non-members can access group APIs
+);
+
+-- NB: awful hack to get the default to be true on postgres and 1 on sqlite
+INSERT INTO groups_new
+    SELECT group_id, name, avatar_url, short_description, long_description, (1=1) FROM groups;
+
+DROP TABLE groups;
+ALTER TABLE groups_new RENAME TO groups;
+
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX groups_idx ON groups(group_id);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/46/local_media_repository_url_idx.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/46/local_media_repository_url_idx.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bbfc7f5d1a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/46/local_media_repository_url_idx.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+/* Copyright 2017 New Vector Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+-- register a background update which will recreate the
+-- local_media_repository_url_idx index.
+--
+-- We do this as a bg update not because it is a particularly onerous
+-- operation, but because we'd like it to be a partial index if possible, and
+-- the background_index_update code will understand whether we are on
+-- postgres or sqlite and behave accordingly.
+INSERT INTO background_updates (update_name, progress_json) VALUES
+    ('local_media_repository_url_idx', '{}');
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/46/user_dir_null_room_ids.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/46/user_dir_null_room_ids.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cb0d5a2576
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/46/user_dir_null_room_ids.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+/* Copyright 2017 New Vector Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+-- change the user_directory table to also cover global local user profiles
+-- rather than just profiles within specific rooms.
+
+CREATE TABLE user_directory2 (
+    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    room_id TEXT,
+    display_name TEXT,
+    avatar_url TEXT
+);
+
+INSERT INTO user_directory2(user_id, room_id, display_name, avatar_url)
+    SELECT user_id, room_id, display_name, avatar_url from user_directory;
+
+DROP TABLE user_directory;
+ALTER TABLE user_directory2 RENAME TO user_directory;
+
+-- create indexes after doing the inserts because that's more efficient.
+-- it also means we can give it the same name as the old one without renaming.
+CREATE INDEX user_directory_room_idx ON user_directory(room_id);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX user_directory_user_idx ON user_directory(user_id);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/46/user_dir_typos.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/46/user_dir_typos.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d9505f8da1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/46/user_dir_typos.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+/* Copyright 2017 New Vector Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+-- this is just embarassing :|
+ALTER TABLE users_in_pubic_room RENAME TO users_in_public_rooms;
+
+-- this is only 300K rows on matrix.org and takes ~3s to generate the index,
+-- so is hopefully not going to block anyone else for that long...
+CREATE INDEX users_in_public_rooms_room_idx ON users_in_public_rooms(room_id);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX users_in_public_rooms_user_idx ON users_in_public_rooms(user_id);
+DROP INDEX users_in_pubic_room_room_idx;
+DROP INDEX users_in_pubic_room_user_idx;
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/47/last_access_media.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/47/last_access_media.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f505fb22b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/47/last_access_media.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+/* Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+ALTER TABLE local_media_repository ADD COLUMN last_access_ts BIGINT;
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/47/postgres_fts_gin.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/47/postgres_fts_gin.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..31d7a817eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/47/postgres_fts_gin.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+/* Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+INSERT into background_updates (update_name, progress_json)
+    VALUES ('event_search_postgres_gin', '{}');
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/47/push_actions_staging.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/47/push_actions_staging.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..edccf4a96f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/47/push_actions_staging.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+/* Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+-- Temporary staging area for push actions that have been calculated for an
+-- event, but the event hasn't yet been persisted.
+-- When the event is persisted the rows are moved over to the
+-- event_push_actions table.
+CREATE TABLE event_push_actions_staging (
+    event_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    actions TEXT NOT NULL,
+    notif SMALLINT NOT NULL,
+    highlight SMALLINT NOT NULL
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX event_push_actions_staging_id ON event_push_actions_staging(event_id);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/47/state_group_seq.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/47/state_group_seq.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9fd1ccf6f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/47/state_group_seq.py
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+# Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+from synapse.storage.engines import PostgresEngine
+
+
+def run_create(cur, database_engine, *args, **kwargs):
+    if isinstance(database_engine, PostgresEngine):
+        # if we already have some state groups, we want to start making new
+        # ones with a higher id.
+        cur.execute("SELECT max(id) FROM state_groups")
+        row = cur.fetchone()
+
+        if row[0] is None:
+            start_val = 1
+        else:
+            start_val = row[0] + 1
+
+        cur.execute("CREATE SEQUENCE state_group_id_seq START WITH %s", (start_val,))
+
+
+def run_upgrade(*args, **kwargs):
+    pass
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/48/add_user_consent.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/48/add_user_consent.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5237491506
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/48/add_user_consent.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+/* Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+/* record the version of the privacy policy the user has consented to
+ */
+ALTER TABLE users ADD COLUMN consent_version TEXT;
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/48/add_user_ips_last_seen_index.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/48/add_user_ips_last_seen_index.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9248b0b24a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/48/add_user_ips_last_seen_index.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+/* Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+INSERT into background_updates (update_name, progress_json)
+    VALUES ('user_ips_last_seen_index', '{}');
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/48/deactivated_users.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/48/deactivated_users.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e9013a6969
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/48/deactivated_users.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+/* Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Store any accounts that have been requested to be deactivated.
+ * We part the account from all the rooms its in when its
+ * deactivated. This can take some time and synapse may be restarted
+ * before it completes, so store the user IDs here until the process
+ * is complete.
+ */
+CREATE TABLE users_pending_deactivation (
+    user_id TEXT NOT NULL
+);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/48/group_unique_indexes.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/48/group_unique_indexes.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..49f5f2c003
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/48/group_unique_indexes.py
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+# Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+from synapse.storage.engines import PostgresEngine
+from synapse.storage.prepare_database import get_statements
+
+FIX_INDEXES = """
+-- rebuild indexes as uniques
+DROP INDEX groups_invites_g_idx;
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX group_invites_g_idx ON group_invites(group_id, user_id);
+DROP INDEX groups_users_g_idx;
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX group_users_g_idx ON group_users(group_id, user_id);
+
+-- rename other indexes to actually match their table names..
+DROP INDEX groups_users_u_idx;
+CREATE INDEX group_users_u_idx ON group_users(user_id);
+DROP INDEX groups_invites_u_idx;
+CREATE INDEX group_invites_u_idx ON group_invites(user_id);
+DROP INDEX groups_rooms_g_idx;
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX group_rooms_g_idx ON group_rooms(group_id, room_id);
+DROP INDEX groups_rooms_r_idx;
+CREATE INDEX group_rooms_r_idx ON group_rooms(room_id);
+"""
+
+
+def run_create(cur, database_engine, *args, **kwargs):
+    rowid = "ctid" if isinstance(database_engine, PostgresEngine) else "rowid"
+
+    # remove duplicates from group_users & group_invites tables
+    cur.execute(
+        """
+        DELETE FROM group_users WHERE %s NOT IN (
+           SELECT min(%s) FROM group_users GROUP BY group_id, user_id
+        );
+    """
+        % (rowid, rowid)
+    )
+    cur.execute(
+        """
+        DELETE FROM group_invites WHERE %s NOT IN (
+           SELECT min(%s) FROM group_invites GROUP BY group_id, user_id
+        );
+    """
+        % (rowid, rowid)
+    )
+
+    for statement in get_statements(FIX_INDEXES.splitlines()):
+        cur.execute(statement)
+
+
+def run_upgrade(*args, **kwargs):
+    pass
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/48/groups_joinable.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/48/groups_joinable.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ce26eaf0c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/48/groups_joinable.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+/* Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+/* 
+ * This isn't a real ENUM because sqlite doesn't support it
+ * and we use a default of NULL for inserted rows and interpret
+ * NULL at the python store level as necessary so that existing
+ * rows are given the correct default policy.
+ */
+ALTER TABLE groups ADD COLUMN join_policy TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT 'invite';
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/49/add_user_consent_server_notice_sent.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/49/add_user_consent_server_notice_sent.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..14dcf18d73
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/49/add_user_consent_server_notice_sent.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+/* Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+/* record whether we have sent a server notice about consenting to the
+ * privacy policy. Specifically records the version of the policy we sent
+ * a message about.
+ */
+ALTER TABLE users ADD COLUMN consent_server_notice_sent TEXT;
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/49/add_user_daily_visits.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/49/add_user_daily_visits.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3dd478196f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/49/add_user_daily_visits.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+/* Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+
+CREATE TABLE user_daily_visits ( user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+                                 device_id TEXT,
+                                 timestamp BIGINT NOT NULL );
+CREATE INDEX user_daily_visits_uts_idx ON user_daily_visits(user_id, timestamp);
+CREATE INDEX user_daily_visits_ts_idx ON user_daily_visits(timestamp);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/49/add_user_ips_last_seen_only_index.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/49/add_user_ips_last_seen_only_index.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3a4ed59b5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/49/add_user_ips_last_seen_only_index.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+/* Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+INSERT into background_updates (update_name, progress_json)
+    VALUES ('user_ips_last_seen_only_index', '{}');
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/50/add_creation_ts_users_index.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/50/add_creation_ts_users_index.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c93ae47532
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/50/add_creation_ts_users_index.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+/* Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+
+
+INSERT into background_updates (update_name, progress_json)
+    VALUES ('users_creation_ts', '{}');
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/50/erasure_store.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/50/erasure_store.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5d8641a9ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/50/erasure_store.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+/* Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+-- a table of users who have requested that their details be erased
+CREATE TABLE erased_users (
+    user_id TEXT NOT NULL
+);
+
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX erased_users_user ON erased_users(user_id);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/50/make_event_content_nullable.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/50/make_event_content_nullable.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b1684a8441
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/50/make_event_content_nullable.py
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+"""
+We want to stop populating 'event.content', so we need to make it nullable.
+
+If this has to be rolled back, then the following should populate the missing data:
+
+Postgres:
+
+    UPDATE events SET content=(ej.json::json)->'content' FROM event_json ej
+    WHERE ej.event_id = events.event_id AND
+        stream_ordering < (
+            SELECT stream_ordering FROM events WHERE content IS NOT NULL
+            ORDER BY stream_ordering LIMIT 1
+        );
+
+    UPDATE events SET content=(ej.json::json)->'content' FROM event_json ej
+    WHERE ej.event_id = events.event_id AND
+        stream_ordering > (
+            SELECT stream_ordering FROM events WHERE content IS NOT NULL
+            ORDER BY stream_ordering DESC LIMIT 1
+        );
+
+SQLite:
+
+    UPDATE events SET content=(
+        SELECT json_extract(json,'$.content') FROM event_json ej
+        WHERE ej.event_id = events.event_id
+    )
+    WHERE
+        stream_ordering < (
+            SELECT stream_ordering FROM events WHERE content IS NOT NULL
+            ORDER BY stream_ordering LIMIT 1
+        )
+        OR stream_ordering > (
+            SELECT stream_ordering FROM events WHERE content IS NOT NULL
+            ORDER BY stream_ordering DESC LIMIT 1
+        );
+
+"""
+
+import logging
+
+from synapse.storage.engines import PostgresEngine
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def run_create(cur, database_engine, *args, **kwargs):
+    pass
+
+
+def run_upgrade(cur, database_engine, *args, **kwargs):
+    if isinstance(database_engine, PostgresEngine):
+        cur.execute(
+            """
+            ALTER TABLE events ALTER COLUMN content DROP NOT NULL;
+        """
+        )
+        return
+
+    # sqlite is an arse about this. ref: https://www.sqlite.org/lang_altertable.html
+
+    cur.execute(
+        "SELECT sql FROM sqlite_master WHERE tbl_name='events' AND type='table'"
+    )
+    (oldsql,) = cur.fetchone()
+
+    sql = oldsql.replace("content TEXT NOT NULL", "content TEXT")
+    if sql == oldsql:
+        raise Exception("Couldn't find null constraint to drop in %s" % oldsql)
+
+    logger.info("Replacing definition of 'events' with: %s", sql)
+
+    cur.execute("PRAGMA schema_version")
+    (oldver,) = cur.fetchone()
+    cur.execute("PRAGMA writable_schema=ON")
+    cur.execute(
+        "UPDATE sqlite_master SET sql=? WHERE tbl_name='events' AND type='table'",
+        (sql,),
+    )
+    cur.execute("PRAGMA schema_version=%i" % (oldver + 1,))
+    cur.execute("PRAGMA writable_schema=OFF")
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/51/e2e_room_keys.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/51/e2e_room_keys.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c0e66a697d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/51/e2e_room_keys.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+/* Copyright 2017 New Vector Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+-- users' optionally backed up encrypted e2e sessions
+CREATE TABLE e2e_room_keys (
+    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    session_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    version TEXT NOT NULL,
+    first_message_index INT,
+    forwarded_count INT,
+    is_verified BOOLEAN,
+    session_data TEXT NOT NULL
+);
+
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX e2e_room_keys_idx ON e2e_room_keys(user_id, room_id, session_id);
+
+-- the metadata for each generation of encrypted e2e session backups
+CREATE TABLE e2e_room_keys_versions (
+    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    version TEXT NOT NULL,
+    algorithm TEXT NOT NULL,
+    auth_data TEXT NOT NULL,
+    deleted SMALLINT DEFAULT 0 NOT NULL
+);
+
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX e2e_room_keys_versions_idx ON e2e_room_keys_versions(user_id, version);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/51/monthly_active_users.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/51/monthly_active_users.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c9d537d5a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/51/monthly_active_users.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+/* Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+-- a table of monthly active users, for use where blocking based on mau limits
+CREATE TABLE monthly_active_users (
+    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    -- Last time we saw the user. Not guaranteed to be accurate due to rate limiting
+    -- on updates, Granularity of updates governed by
+    -- synapse.storage.monthly_active_users.LAST_SEEN_GRANULARITY
+    -- Measured in ms since epoch.
+    timestamp BIGINT NOT NULL
+);
+
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX monthly_active_users_users ON monthly_active_users(user_id);
+CREATE INDEX monthly_active_users_time_stamp ON monthly_active_users(timestamp);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/52/add_event_to_state_group_index.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/52/add_event_to_state_group_index.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..91e03d13e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/52/add_event_to_state_group_index.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+/* Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+-- This is needed to efficiently check for unreferenced state groups during
+-- purge. Added events_to_state_group(state_group) index
+INSERT into background_updates (update_name, progress_json)
+    VALUES ('event_to_state_groups_sg_index', '{}');
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/52/device_list_streams_unique_idx.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/52/device_list_streams_unique_idx.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bfa49e6f92
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/52/device_list_streams_unique_idx.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+/* Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+-- register a background update which will create a unique index on
+-- device_lists_remote_cache
+INSERT into background_updates (update_name, progress_json)
+    VALUES ('device_lists_remote_cache_unique_idx', '{}');
+
+-- and one on device_lists_remote_extremeties
+INSERT into background_updates (update_name, progress_json, depends_on)
+    VALUES (
+        'device_lists_remote_extremeties_unique_idx', '{}',
+
+        -- doesn't really depend on this, but we need to make sure both happen
+        -- before we drop the old indexes.
+        'device_lists_remote_cache_unique_idx'
+    );
+
+-- once they complete, we can drop the old indexes.
+INSERT into background_updates (update_name, progress_json, depends_on)
+    VALUES (
+        'drop_device_list_streams_non_unique_indexes', '{}',
+        'device_lists_remote_extremeties_unique_idx'
+    );
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/52/e2e_room_keys.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/52/e2e_room_keys.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..db687cccae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/52/e2e_room_keys.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+/* Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+/* Change version column to an integer so we can do MAX() sensibly
+ */
+CREATE TABLE e2e_room_keys_versions_new (
+    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    version BIGINT NOT NULL,
+    algorithm TEXT NOT NULL,
+    auth_data TEXT NOT NULL,
+    deleted SMALLINT DEFAULT 0 NOT NULL
+);
+
+INSERT INTO e2e_room_keys_versions_new
+    SELECT user_id, CAST(version as BIGINT), algorithm, auth_data, deleted FROM e2e_room_keys_versions;
+
+DROP TABLE e2e_room_keys_versions;
+ALTER TABLE e2e_room_keys_versions_new RENAME TO e2e_room_keys_versions;
+
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX e2e_room_keys_versions_idx ON e2e_room_keys_versions(user_id, version);
+
+/* Change e2e_rooms_keys to match
+ */
+CREATE TABLE e2e_room_keys_new (
+    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    session_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    version BIGINT NOT NULL,
+    first_message_index INT,
+    forwarded_count INT,
+    is_verified BOOLEAN,
+    session_data TEXT NOT NULL
+);
+
+INSERT INTO e2e_room_keys_new
+    SELECT user_id, room_id, session_id, CAST(version as BIGINT), first_message_index, forwarded_count, is_verified, session_data FROM e2e_room_keys;
+
+DROP TABLE e2e_room_keys;
+ALTER TABLE e2e_room_keys_new RENAME TO e2e_room_keys;
+
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX e2e_room_keys_idx ON e2e_room_keys(user_id, room_id, session_id);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/53/add_user_type_to_users.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/53/add_user_type_to_users.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..88ec2f83e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/53/add_user_type_to_users.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+/* Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+/* The type of the user: NULL for a regular user, or one of the constants in 
+ * synapse.api.constants.UserTypes
+ */
+ALTER TABLE users ADD COLUMN user_type TEXT DEFAULT NULL;
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/53/drop_sent_transactions.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/53/drop_sent_transactions.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e372f5a44a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/53/drop_sent_transactions.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+/* Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS sent_transactions;
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/53/event_format_version.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/53/event_format_version.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1d977c2834
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/53/event_format_version.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+/* Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+ALTER TABLE event_json ADD COLUMN format_version INTEGER;
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/53/user_dir_populate.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/53/user_dir_populate.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ffcc896b58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/53/user_dir_populate.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+/* Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+-- Set up staging tables
+INSERT INTO background_updates (update_name, progress_json) VALUES
+    ('populate_user_directory_createtables', '{}');
+
+-- Run through each room and update the user directory according to who is in it
+INSERT INTO background_updates (update_name, progress_json, depends_on) VALUES
+    ('populate_user_directory_process_rooms', '{}', 'populate_user_directory_createtables');
+
+-- Insert all users, if search_all_users is on
+INSERT INTO background_updates (update_name, progress_json, depends_on) VALUES
+    ('populate_user_directory_process_users', '{}', 'populate_user_directory_process_rooms');
+
+-- Clean up staging tables
+INSERT INTO background_updates (update_name, progress_json, depends_on) VALUES
+    ('populate_user_directory_cleanup', '{}', 'populate_user_directory_process_users');
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/53/user_ips_index.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/53/user_ips_index.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b812c5794f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/53/user_ips_index.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+/* Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+ -- analyze user_ips, to help ensure the correct indices are used
+INSERT INTO background_updates (update_name, progress_json) VALUES
+  ('user_ips_analyze', '{}');
+
+-- delete duplicates
+INSERT INTO background_updates (update_name, progress_json, depends_on) VALUES
+  ('user_ips_remove_dupes', '{}', 'user_ips_analyze');
+
+-- add a new unique index to user_ips table
+INSERT INTO background_updates (update_name, progress_json, depends_on) VALUES
+  ('user_ips_device_unique_index', '{}', 'user_ips_remove_dupes');
+
+-- drop the old original index
+INSERT INTO background_updates (update_name, progress_json, depends_on) VALUES
+  ('user_ips_drop_nonunique_index', '{}', 'user_ips_device_unique_index');
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/53/user_share.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/53/user_share.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5831b1a6f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/53/user_share.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/* Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd, 2019 New Vector Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+-- Old disused version of the tables below.
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS users_who_share_rooms;
+
+-- Tables keeping track of what users share rooms. This is a map of local users
+-- to local or remote users, per room. Remote users cannot be in the user_id
+-- column, only the other_user_id column. There are two tables, one for public
+-- rooms and those for private rooms.
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS users_who_share_public_rooms (
+    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    other_user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    room_id TEXT NOT NULL
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS users_who_share_private_rooms (
+    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    other_user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    room_id TEXT NOT NULL
+);
+
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX users_who_share_public_rooms_u_idx ON users_who_share_public_rooms(user_id, other_user_id, room_id);
+CREATE INDEX users_who_share_public_rooms_r_idx ON users_who_share_public_rooms(room_id);
+CREATE INDEX users_who_share_public_rooms_o_idx ON users_who_share_public_rooms(other_user_id);
+
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX users_who_share_private_rooms_u_idx ON users_who_share_private_rooms(user_id, other_user_id, room_id);
+CREATE INDEX users_who_share_private_rooms_r_idx ON users_who_share_private_rooms(room_id);
+CREATE INDEX users_who_share_private_rooms_o_idx ON users_who_share_private_rooms(other_user_id);
+
+-- Make sure that we populate the tables initially by resetting the stream ID
+UPDATE user_directory_stream_pos SET stream_id = NULL;
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/53/user_threepid_id.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/53/user_threepid_id.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..80c2c573b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/53/user_threepid_id.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+/* Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+-- Tracks which identity server a user bound their threepid via.
+CREATE TABLE user_threepid_id_server (
+    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    medium TEXT NOT NULL,
+    address TEXT NOT NULL,
+    id_server TEXT NOT NULL
+);
+
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX user_threepid_id_server_idx ON user_threepid_id_server(
+    user_id, medium, address, id_server
+);
+
+INSERT INTO background_updates (update_name, progress_json) VALUES
+  ('user_threepids_grandfather', '{}');
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/53/users_in_public_rooms.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/53/users_in_public_rooms.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f7827ca6d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/53/users_in_public_rooms.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+/* Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+-- We don't need the old version of this table.
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS users_in_public_rooms;
+
+-- Old version of users_in_public_rooms
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS users_who_share_public_rooms;
+
+-- Track what users are in public rooms.
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS users_in_public_rooms (
+    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    room_id TEXT NOT NULL
+);
+
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX users_in_public_rooms_u_idx ON users_in_public_rooms(user_id, room_id);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/54/account_validity_with_renewal.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/54/account_validity_with_renewal.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0adb2ad55e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/54/account_validity_with_renewal.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+/* Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+-- We previously changed the schema for this table without renaming the file, which means
+-- that some databases might still be using the old schema. This ensures Synapse uses the
+-- right schema for the table.
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS account_validity;
+
+-- Track what users are in public rooms.
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS account_validity (
+    user_id TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
+    expiration_ts_ms BIGINT NOT NULL,
+    email_sent BOOLEAN NOT NULL,
+    renewal_token TEXT
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX account_validity_email_sent_idx ON account_validity(email_sent, expiration_ts_ms)
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX account_validity_renewal_string_idx ON account_validity(renewal_token)
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/54/add_validity_to_server_keys.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/54/add_validity_to_server_keys.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c01aa9d2d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/54/add_validity_to_server_keys.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+/* Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+/* When we can use this key until, before we have to refresh it. */
+ALTER TABLE server_signature_keys ADD COLUMN ts_valid_until_ms BIGINT;
+
+UPDATE server_signature_keys SET ts_valid_until_ms = (
+    SELECT MAX(ts_valid_until_ms) FROM server_keys_json skj WHERE
+        skj.server_name = server_signature_keys.server_name AND
+        skj.key_id = server_signature_keys.key_id
+);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/54/delete_forward_extremities.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/54/delete_forward_extremities.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b062ec840c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/54/delete_forward_extremities.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+/* Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+-- Start a background job to cleanup extremities that were incorrectly added
+-- by bug #5269.
+INSERT INTO background_updates (update_name, progress_json) VALUES
+  ('delete_soft_failed_extremities', '{}');
+
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS _extremities_to_check;  -- To make this delta schema file idempotent.
+CREATE TABLE _extremities_to_check AS SELECT event_id FROM event_forward_extremities;
+CREATE INDEX _extremities_to_check_id ON _extremities_to_check(event_id);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/54/drop_legacy_tables.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/54/drop_legacy_tables.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..dbbe682697
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/54/drop_legacy_tables.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+/* Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+-- we need to do this first due to foreign constraints
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS application_services_regex;
+
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS application_services;
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS transaction_id_to_pdu;
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS stats_reporting;
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS current_state_resets;
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS event_content_hashes;
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS event_destinations;
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS event_edge_hashes;
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS event_signatures;
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS feedback;
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS room_hosts;
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS server_tls_certificates;
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS state_forward_extremities;
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/54/drop_presence_list.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/54/drop_presence_list.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e6ee70c623
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/54/drop_presence_list.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+/* Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS presence_list;
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/54/relations.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/54/relations.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..134862b870
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/54/relations.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+/* Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+-- Tracks related events, like reactions, replies, edits, etc. Note that things
+-- in this table are not necessarily "valid", e.g. it may contain edits from
+-- people who don't have power to edit other peoples events.
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS event_relations (
+    event_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    relates_to_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    relation_type TEXT NOT NULL,
+    aggregation_key TEXT
+);
+
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX event_relations_id ON event_relations(event_id);
+CREATE INDEX event_relations_relates ON event_relations(relates_to_id, relation_type, aggregation_key);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/54/stats.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/54/stats.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..652e58308e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/54/stats.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+/* Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+CREATE TABLE stats_stream_pos (
+    Lock CHAR(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT 'X' UNIQUE,  -- Makes sure this table only has one row.
+    stream_id BIGINT,
+    CHECK (Lock='X')
+);
+
+INSERT INTO stats_stream_pos (stream_id) VALUES (null);
+
+CREATE TABLE user_stats (
+    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    ts BIGINT NOT NULL,
+    bucket_size INT NOT NULL,
+    public_rooms INT NOT NULL,
+    private_rooms INT NOT NULL
+);
+
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX user_stats_user_ts ON user_stats(user_id, ts);
+
+CREATE TABLE room_stats (
+    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    ts BIGINT NOT NULL,
+    bucket_size INT NOT NULL,
+    current_state_events INT NOT NULL,
+    joined_members INT NOT NULL,
+    invited_members INT NOT NULL,
+    left_members INT NOT NULL,
+    banned_members INT NOT NULL,
+    state_events INT NOT NULL
+);
+
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX room_stats_room_ts ON room_stats(room_id, ts);
+
+-- cache of current room state; useful for the publicRooms list
+CREATE TABLE room_state (
+    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    join_rules TEXT,
+    history_visibility TEXT,
+    encryption TEXT,
+    name TEXT,
+    topic TEXT,
+    avatar TEXT,
+    canonical_alias TEXT
+    -- get aliases straight from the right table
+);
+
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX room_state_room ON room_state(room_id);
+
+CREATE TABLE room_stats_earliest_token (
+    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    token BIGINT NOT NULL
+);
+
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX room_stats_earliest_token_idx ON room_stats_earliest_token(room_id);
+
+-- Set up staging tables
+INSERT INTO background_updates (update_name, progress_json) VALUES
+    ('populate_stats_createtables', '{}');
+
+-- Run through each room and update stats
+INSERT INTO background_updates (update_name, progress_json, depends_on) VALUES
+    ('populate_stats_process_rooms', '{}', 'populate_stats_createtables');
+
+-- Clean up staging tables
+INSERT INTO background_updates (update_name, progress_json, depends_on) VALUES
+    ('populate_stats_cleanup', '{}', 'populate_stats_process_rooms');
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/54/stats2.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/54/stats2.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3b2d48447f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/54/stats2.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+/* Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+-- This delta file gets run after `54/stats.sql` delta.
+
+-- We want to add some indices to the temporary stats table, so we re-insert
+-- 'populate_stats_createtables' if we are still processing the rooms update.
+INSERT INTO background_updates (update_name, progress_json)
+    SELECT 'populate_stats_createtables', '{}'
+    WHERE
+        'populate_stats_process_rooms' IN (
+            SELECT update_name FROM background_updates
+        )
+        AND 'populate_stats_createtables' NOT IN (  -- don't insert if already exists
+            SELECT update_name FROM background_updates
+        );
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/55/access_token_expiry.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/55/access_token_expiry.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4590604bfd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/55/access_token_expiry.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+/* Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+-- when this access token can be used until, in ms since the epoch. NULL means the token
+-- never expires.
+ALTER TABLE access_tokens ADD COLUMN valid_until_ms BIGINT;
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/55/track_threepid_validations.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/55/track_threepid_validations.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a8eced2e0a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/55/track_threepid_validations.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+/* Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS threepid_validation_session (
+    session_id TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
+    medium TEXT NOT NULL,
+    address TEXT NOT NULL,
+    client_secret TEXT NOT NULL,
+    last_send_attempt BIGINT NOT NULL,
+    validated_at BIGINT
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS threepid_validation_token (
+    token TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
+    session_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    next_link TEXT,
+    expires BIGINT NOT NULL
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX threepid_validation_token_session_id ON threepid_validation_token(session_id);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/55/users_alter_deactivated.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/55/users_alter_deactivated.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..dabdde489b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/55/users_alter_deactivated.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+/* Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+ALTER TABLE users ADD deactivated SMALLINT DEFAULT 0 NOT NULL;
+
+INSERT INTO background_updates (update_name, progress_json) VALUES
+  ('users_set_deactivated_flag', '{}');
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/56/add_spans_to_device_lists.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/56/add_spans_to_device_lists.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..41807eb1e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/56/add_spans_to_device_lists.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+/* Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Opentracing context data for inclusion in the device_list_update EDUs, as a
+ * json-encoded dictionary. NULL if opentracing is disabled (or not enabled for this destination).
+ */
+ALTER TABLE device_lists_outbound_pokes ADD opentracing_context TEXT;
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/56/current_state_events_membership.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/56/current_state_events_membership.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..473018676f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/56/current_state_events_membership.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+/* Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+-- We add membership to current state so that we don't need to join against
+-- room_memberships, which can be surprisingly costly (we do such queries
+-- very frequently).
+-- This will be null for non-membership events and the content.membership key
+-- for membership events. (Will also be null for membership events until the
+-- background update job has finished).
+ALTER TABLE current_state_events ADD membership TEXT;
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/56/current_state_events_membership_mk2.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/56/current_state_events_membership_mk2.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3133d42d4a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/56/current_state_events_membership_mk2.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+/* Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+-- We add membership to current state so that we don't need to join against
+-- room_memberships, which can be surprisingly costly (we do such queries
+-- very frequently).
+-- This will be null for non-membership events and the content.membership key
+-- for membership events. (Will also be null for membership events until the
+-- background update job has finished).
+
+INSERT INTO background_updates (update_name, progress_json) VALUES
+  ('current_state_events_membership', '{}');
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/56/destinations_failure_ts.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/56/destinations_failure_ts.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f00889290b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/56/destinations_failure_ts.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+/* Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Record the timestamp when a given server started failing
+ */
+ALTER TABLE destinations ADD failure_ts BIGINT;
+
+/* as a rough approximation, we assume that the server started failing at
+ * retry_interval before the last retry
+ */
+UPDATE destinations SET failure_ts = retry_last_ts - retry_interval
+    WHERE retry_last_ts > 0;
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/56/destinations_retry_interval_type.sql.postgres b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/56/destinations_retry_interval_type.sql.postgres
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b9bbb18a91
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/56/destinations_retry_interval_type.sql.postgres
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+/* Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+-- We want to store large retry intervals so we upgrade the column from INT
+-- to BIGINT. We don't need to do this on SQLite.
+ALTER TABLE destinations ALTER retry_interval SET DATA TYPE BIGINT;
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/56/devices_last_seen.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/56/devices_last_seen.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..dfa902d0ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/56/devices_last_seen.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+/* Copyright 2019 Matrix.org Foundation CIC
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+-- Track last seen information for a device in the devices table, rather
+-- than relying on it being in the user_ips table (which we want to be able
+-- to purge old entries from)
+ALTER TABLE devices ADD COLUMN last_seen BIGINT;
+ALTER TABLE devices ADD COLUMN ip TEXT;
+ALTER TABLE devices ADD COLUMN user_agent TEXT;
+
+INSERT INTO background_updates (update_name, progress_json) VALUES
+  ('devices_last_seen', '{}');
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/56/drop_unused_event_tables.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/56/drop_unused_event_tables.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9f09922c67
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/56/drop_unused_event_tables.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+/* Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+-- these tables are never used.
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS room_names;
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS topics;
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS history_visibility;
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS guest_access;
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/56/fix_room_keys_index.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/56/fix_room_keys_index.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..014cb3b538
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/56/fix_room_keys_index.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+/* Copyright 2019 Matrix.org Foundation CIC
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+-- version is supposed to be part of the room keys index
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX e2e_room_keys_with_version_idx ON e2e_room_keys(user_id, version, room_id, session_id);
+DROP INDEX IF EXISTS e2e_room_keys_idx;
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/56/public_room_list_idx.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/56/public_room_list_idx.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7be31ffebb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/56/public_room_list_idx.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+/* Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+CREATE INDEX public_room_list_stream_network ON public_room_list_stream (appservice_id, network_id, room_id);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/56/redaction_censor.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/56/redaction_censor.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fe51b02309
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/56/redaction_censor.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+/* Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+ALTER TABLE redactions ADD COLUMN have_censored BOOL NOT NULL DEFAULT false;
+CREATE INDEX redactions_have_censored ON redactions(event_id) WHERE not have_censored;
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/56/redaction_censor2.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/56/redaction_censor2.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..77a5eca499
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/56/redaction_censor2.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+/* Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+ALTER TABLE redactions ADD COLUMN received_ts BIGINT;
+CREATE INDEX redactions_have_censored_ts ON redactions(received_ts) WHERE not have_censored;
+
+INSERT INTO background_updates (update_name, progress_json) VALUES
+  ('redactions_received_ts', '{}');
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/56/redaction_censor3_fix_update.sql.postgres b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/56/redaction_censor3_fix_update.sql.postgres
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..67471f3ef5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/56/redaction_censor3_fix_update.sql.postgres
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+/* Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+
+-- There was a bug where we may have updated censored redactions as bytes,
+-- which can (somehow) cause json to be inserted hex encoded. These updates go
+-- and undoes any such hex encoded JSON.
+
+INSERT into background_updates (update_name, progress_json)
+  VALUES ('event_fix_redactions_bytes_create_index', '{}');
+
+INSERT into background_updates (update_name, progress_json, depends_on)
+  VALUES ('event_fix_redactions_bytes', '{}', 'event_fix_redactions_bytes_create_index');
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/56/room_membership_idx.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/56/room_membership_idx.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..92ab1f5e65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/56/room_membership_idx.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+/* Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+-- Adds an index on room_memberships for fetching all forgotten rooms for a user
+INSERT INTO background_updates (update_name, progress_json) VALUES
+  ('room_membership_forgotten_idx', '{}');
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/56/stats_separated.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/56/stats_separated.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..163529c071
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/56/stats_separated.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+/* Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
+ * Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+
+----- First clean up from previous versions of room stats.
+
+-- First remove old stats stuff
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS room_stats;
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS room_state;
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS room_stats_state;
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS user_stats;
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS room_stats_earliest_tokens;
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS _temp_populate_stats_position;
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS _temp_populate_stats_rooms;
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS stats_stream_pos;
+
+-- Unschedule old background updates if they're still scheduled
+DELETE FROM background_updates WHERE update_name IN (
+    'populate_stats_createtables',
+    'populate_stats_process_rooms',
+    'populate_stats_process_users',
+    'populate_stats_cleanup'
+);
+
+INSERT INTO background_updates (update_name, progress_json, depends_on) VALUES
+    ('populate_stats_process_rooms', '{}', '');
+
+INSERT INTO background_updates (update_name, progress_json, depends_on) VALUES
+    ('populate_stats_process_users', '{}', 'populate_stats_process_rooms');
+
+----- Create tables for our version of room stats.
+
+-- single-row table to track position of incremental updates
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS stats_incremental_position;
+CREATE TABLE stats_incremental_position (
+    Lock CHAR(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT 'X' UNIQUE,  -- Makes sure this table only has one row.
+    stream_id  BIGINT NOT NULL,
+    CHECK (Lock='X')
+);
+
+-- insert a null row and make sure it is the only one.
+INSERT INTO stats_incremental_position (
+    stream_id
+) SELECT COALESCE(MAX(stream_ordering), 0) from events;
+
+-- represents PRESENT room statistics for a room
+-- only holds absolute fields
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS room_stats_current;
+CREATE TABLE room_stats_current (
+    room_id TEXT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+
+    -- These are absolute counts
+    current_state_events INT NOT NULL,
+    joined_members INT NOT NULL,
+    invited_members INT NOT NULL,
+    left_members INT NOT NULL,
+    banned_members INT NOT NULL,
+
+    local_users_in_room INT NOT NULL,
+
+    -- The maximum delta stream position that this row takes into account.
+    completed_delta_stream_id BIGINT NOT NULL
+);
+
+
+-- represents HISTORICAL room statistics for a room
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS room_stats_historical;
+CREATE TABLE room_stats_historical (
+    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    -- These stats cover the time from (end_ts - bucket_size)...end_ts (in ms).
+    -- Note that end_ts is quantised.
+    end_ts BIGINT NOT NULL,
+    bucket_size BIGINT NOT NULL,
+
+    -- These stats are absolute counts
+    current_state_events BIGINT NOT NULL,
+    joined_members BIGINT NOT NULL,
+    invited_members BIGINT NOT NULL,
+    left_members BIGINT NOT NULL,
+    banned_members BIGINT NOT NULL,
+    local_users_in_room BIGINT NOT NULL,
+
+    -- These stats are per time slice
+    total_events BIGINT NOT NULL,
+    total_event_bytes BIGINT NOT NULL,
+
+    PRIMARY KEY (room_id, end_ts)
+);
+
+-- We use this index to speed up deletion of ancient room stats.
+CREATE INDEX room_stats_historical_end_ts ON room_stats_historical (end_ts);
+
+-- represents PRESENT statistics for a user
+-- only holds absolute fields
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS user_stats_current;
+CREATE TABLE user_stats_current (
+    user_id TEXT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+
+    joined_rooms BIGINT NOT NULL,
+
+    -- The maximum delta stream position that this row takes into account.
+    completed_delta_stream_id BIGINT NOT NULL
+);
+
+-- represents HISTORICAL statistics for a user
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS user_stats_historical;
+CREATE TABLE user_stats_historical (
+    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    end_ts BIGINT NOT NULL,
+    bucket_size BIGINT NOT NULL,
+
+    joined_rooms BIGINT NOT NULL,
+
+    invites_sent BIGINT NOT NULL,
+    rooms_created BIGINT NOT NULL,
+    total_events BIGINT NOT NULL,
+    total_event_bytes BIGINT NOT NULL,
+
+    PRIMARY KEY (user_id, end_ts)
+);
+
+-- We use this index to speed up deletion of ancient user stats.
+CREATE INDEX user_stats_historical_end_ts ON user_stats_historical (end_ts);
+
+
+CREATE TABLE room_stats_state (
+    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    name TEXT,
+    canonical_alias TEXT,
+    join_rules TEXT,
+    history_visibility TEXT,
+    encryption TEXT,
+    avatar TEXT,
+    guest_access TEXT,
+    is_federatable BOOLEAN,
+    topic TEXT
+);
+
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX room_stats_state_room ON room_stats_state(room_id);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/56/unique_user_filter_index.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/56/unique_user_filter_index.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1de8b54961
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/56/unique_user_filter_index.py
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+import logging
+
+from synapse.storage.engines import PostgresEngine
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+"""
+This migration updates the user_filters table as follows:
+
+ - drops any (user_id, filter_id) duplicates
+ - makes the columns NON-NULLable
+ - turns the index into a UNIQUE index
+"""
+
+
+def run_upgrade(cur, database_engine, *args, **kwargs):
+    pass
+
+
+def run_create(cur, database_engine, *args, **kwargs):
+    if isinstance(database_engine, PostgresEngine):
+        select_clause = """
+            SELECT DISTINCT ON (user_id, filter_id) user_id, filter_id, filter_json
+            FROM user_filters
+        """
+    else:
+        select_clause = """
+            SELECT * FROM user_filters GROUP BY user_id, filter_id
+        """
+    sql = """
+            DROP TABLE IF EXISTS user_filters_migration;
+            DROP INDEX IF EXISTS user_filters_unique;
+            CREATE TABLE user_filters_migration (
+                user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+                filter_id BIGINT NOT NULL,
+                filter_json BYTEA NOT NULL
+            );
+            INSERT INTO user_filters_migration (user_id, filter_id, filter_json)
+                %s;
+            CREATE UNIQUE INDEX user_filters_unique ON user_filters_migration
+                (user_id, filter_id);
+            DROP TABLE user_filters;
+            ALTER TABLE user_filters_migration RENAME TO user_filters;
+        """ % (
+        select_clause,
+    )
+
+    if isinstance(database_engine, PostgresEngine):
+        cur.execute(sql)
+    else:
+        cur.executescript(sql)
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/56/user_external_ids.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/56/user_external_ids.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..91390c4527
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/56/user_external_ids.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+/* Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * a table which records mappings from external auth providers to mxids
+ */
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS user_external_ids (
+    auth_provider TEXT NOT NULL,
+    external_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    UNIQUE (auth_provider, external_id)
+);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/56/users_in_public_rooms_idx.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/56/users_in_public_rooms_idx.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..149f8be8b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/56/users_in_public_rooms_idx.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+/* Copyright 2019 Matrix.org Foundation CIC
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+-- this was apparently forgotten when the table was created back in delta 53.
+CREATE INDEX users_in_public_rooms_r_idx ON users_in_public_rooms(room_id);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/full_schemas/16/application_services.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/full_schemas/16/application_services.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..883fcd10b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/full_schemas/16/application_services.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+/* Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+/* We used to create tables called application_services and
+ * application_services_regex, but these are no longer used and are removed in
+ * delta 54.
+ */
+
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS application_services_state(
+    as_id TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
+    state VARCHAR(5),
+    last_txn INTEGER
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS application_services_txns(
+    as_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    txn_id INTEGER NOT NULL,
+    event_ids TEXT NOT NULL,
+    UNIQUE(as_id, txn_id)
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX application_services_txns_id ON application_services_txns (
+    as_id
+);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/full_schemas/16/event_edges.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/full_schemas/16/event_edges.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..10ce2aa7a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/full_schemas/16/event_edges.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+/* Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+/* We used to create tables called event_destinations and
+ * state_forward_extremities, but these are no longer used and are removed in
+ * delta 54.
+ */
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS event_forward_extremities(
+    event_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    UNIQUE (event_id, room_id)
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX ev_extrem_room ON event_forward_extremities(room_id);
+CREATE INDEX ev_extrem_id ON event_forward_extremities(event_id);
+
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS event_backward_extremities(
+    event_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    UNIQUE (event_id, room_id)
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX ev_b_extrem_room ON event_backward_extremities(room_id);
+CREATE INDEX ev_b_extrem_id ON event_backward_extremities(event_id);
+
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS event_edges(
+    event_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    prev_event_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    is_state BOOL NOT NULL,  -- true if this is a prev_state edge rather than a regular
+                             -- event dag edge.
+    UNIQUE (event_id, prev_event_id, room_id, is_state)
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX ev_edges_id ON event_edges(event_id);
+CREATE INDEX ev_edges_prev_id ON event_edges(prev_event_id);
+
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS room_depth(
+    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    min_depth INTEGER NOT NULL,
+    UNIQUE (room_id)
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX room_depth_room ON room_depth(room_id);
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS event_auth(
+    event_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    auth_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    UNIQUE (event_id, auth_id, room_id)
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX evauth_edges_id ON event_auth(event_id);
+CREATE INDEX evauth_edges_auth_id ON event_auth(auth_id);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/full_schemas/16/event_signatures.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/full_schemas/16/event_signatures.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..95826da431
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/full_schemas/16/event_signatures.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+/* Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+ /* We used to create tables called event_content_hashes and event_edge_hashes,
+  * but these are no longer used and are removed in delta 54.
+  */
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS event_reference_hashes (
+    event_id TEXT,
+    algorithm TEXT,
+    hash bytea,
+    UNIQUE (event_id, algorithm)
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX event_reference_hashes_id ON event_reference_hashes(event_id);
+
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS event_signatures (
+    event_id TEXT,
+    signature_name TEXT,
+    key_id TEXT,
+    signature bytea,
+    UNIQUE (event_id, signature_name, key_id)
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX event_signatures_id ON event_signatures(event_id);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/full_schemas/16/im.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/full_schemas/16/im.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a1a2aa8e5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/full_schemas/16/im.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+/* Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+/* We used to create tables called room_hosts and feedback,
+ * but these are no longer used and are removed in delta 54.
+ */
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS events(
+    stream_ordering INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
+    topological_ordering BIGINT NOT NULL,
+    event_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    type TEXT NOT NULL,
+    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+
+    -- 'content' used to be created NULLable, but as of delta 50 we drop that constraint.
+    -- the hack we use to drop the constraint doesn't work for an in-memory sqlite
+    -- database, which breaks the sytests. Hence, we no longer make it nullable.
+    content TEXT,
+
+    unrecognized_keys TEXT,
+    processed BOOL NOT NULL,
+    outlier BOOL NOT NULL,
+    depth BIGINT DEFAULT 0 NOT NULL,
+    UNIQUE (event_id)
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX events_stream_ordering ON events (stream_ordering);
+CREATE INDEX events_topological_ordering ON events (topological_ordering);
+CREATE INDEX events_order ON events (topological_ordering, stream_ordering);
+CREATE INDEX events_room_id ON events (room_id);
+CREATE INDEX events_order_room ON events (
+    room_id, topological_ordering, stream_ordering
+);
+
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS event_json(
+    event_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    internal_metadata TEXT NOT NULL,
+    json TEXT NOT NULL,
+    UNIQUE (event_id)
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX event_json_room_id ON event_json(room_id);
+
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS state_events(
+    event_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    type TEXT NOT NULL,
+    state_key TEXT NOT NULL,
+    prev_state TEXT,
+    UNIQUE (event_id)
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX state_events_room_id ON state_events (room_id);
+CREATE INDEX state_events_type ON state_events (type);
+CREATE INDEX state_events_state_key ON state_events (state_key);
+
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS current_state_events(
+    event_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    type TEXT NOT NULL,
+    state_key TEXT NOT NULL,
+    UNIQUE (event_id),
+    UNIQUE (room_id, type, state_key)
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX current_state_events_room_id ON current_state_events (room_id);
+CREATE INDEX current_state_events_type ON current_state_events (type);
+CREATE INDEX current_state_events_state_key ON current_state_events (state_key);
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS room_memberships(
+    event_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    sender TEXT NOT NULL,
+    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    membership TEXT NOT NULL,
+    UNIQUE (event_id)
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX room_memberships_room_id ON room_memberships (room_id);
+CREATE INDEX room_memberships_user_id ON room_memberships (user_id);
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS topics(
+    event_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    topic TEXT NOT NULL,
+    UNIQUE (event_id)
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX topics_room_id ON topics(room_id);
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS room_names(
+    event_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    name TEXT NOT NULL,
+    UNIQUE (event_id)
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX room_names_room_id ON room_names(room_id);
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS rooms(
+    room_id TEXT PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL,
+    is_public BOOL,
+    creator TEXT
+);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/full_schemas/16/keys.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/full_schemas/16/keys.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..11cdffdbb3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/full_schemas/16/keys.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+/* Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+-- we used to create a table called server_tls_certificates, but this is no
+-- longer used, and is removed in delta 54.
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS server_signature_keys(
+  server_name TEXT, -- Server name.
+  key_id TEXT, -- Key version.
+  from_server TEXT, -- Which key server the key was fetched form.
+  ts_added_ms BIGINT, -- When the key was added.
+  verify_key bytea, -- NACL verification key.
+  UNIQUE (server_name, key_id)
+);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/full_schemas/16/media_repository.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/full_schemas/16/media_repository.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8f3759bb2a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/full_schemas/16/media_repository.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+/* Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS local_media_repository (
+    media_id TEXT, -- The id used to refer to the media.
+    media_type TEXT, -- The MIME-type of the media.
+    media_length INTEGER, -- Length of the media in bytes.
+    created_ts BIGINT, -- When the content was uploaded in ms.
+    upload_name TEXT, -- The name the media was uploaded with.
+    user_id TEXT, -- The user who uploaded the file.
+    UNIQUE (media_id)
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS local_media_repository_thumbnails (
+    media_id TEXT, -- The id used to refer to the media.
+    thumbnail_width INTEGER, -- The width of the thumbnail in pixels.
+    thumbnail_height INTEGER, -- The height of the thumbnail in pixels.
+    thumbnail_type TEXT, -- The MIME-type of the thumbnail.
+    thumbnail_method TEXT, -- The method used to make the thumbnail.
+    thumbnail_length INTEGER, -- The length of the thumbnail in bytes.
+    UNIQUE (
+        media_id, thumbnail_width, thumbnail_height, thumbnail_type
+    )
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX local_media_repository_thumbnails_media_id
+    ON local_media_repository_thumbnails (media_id);
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS remote_media_cache (
+    media_origin TEXT, -- The remote HS the media came from.
+    media_id TEXT, -- The id used to refer to the media on that server.
+    media_type TEXT, -- The MIME-type of the media.
+    created_ts BIGINT, -- When the content was uploaded in ms.
+    upload_name TEXT, -- The name the media was uploaded with.
+    media_length INTEGER, -- Length of the media in bytes.
+    filesystem_id TEXT, -- The name used to store the media on disk.
+    UNIQUE (media_origin, media_id)
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS remote_media_cache_thumbnails (
+    media_origin TEXT, -- The remote HS the media came from.
+    media_id TEXT, -- The id used to refer to the media.
+    thumbnail_width INTEGER, -- The width of the thumbnail in pixels.
+    thumbnail_height INTEGER, -- The height of the thumbnail in pixels.
+    thumbnail_method TEXT, -- The method used to make the thumbnail
+    thumbnail_type TEXT, -- The MIME-type of the thumbnail.
+    thumbnail_length INTEGER, -- The length of the thumbnail in bytes.
+    filesystem_id TEXT, -- The name used to store the media on disk.
+    UNIQUE (
+        media_origin, media_id, thumbnail_width, thumbnail_height,
+        thumbnail_type
+     )
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX remote_media_cache_thumbnails_media_id
+    ON remote_media_cache_thumbnails (media_id);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/full_schemas/16/presence.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/full_schemas/16/presence.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..01d2d8f833
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/full_schemas/16/presence.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+/* Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS presence(
+  user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+  state VARCHAR(20),
+  status_msg TEXT,
+  mtime BIGINT, -- miliseconds since last state change
+  UNIQUE (user_id)
+);
+
+-- For each of /my/ users which possibly-remote users are allowed to see their
+-- presence state
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS presence_allow_inbound(
+  observed_user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+  observer_user_id TEXT NOT NULL, -- a UserID,
+  UNIQUE (observed_user_id, observer_user_id)
+);
+
+-- We used to create a table called presence_list, but this is no longer used
+-- and is removed in delta 54.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/full_schemas/16/profiles.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/full_schemas/16/profiles.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c04f4747d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/full_schemas/16/profiles.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+/* Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS profiles(
+    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    displayname TEXT,
+    avatar_url TEXT,
+    UNIQUE(user_id)
+);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/full_schemas/16/push.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/full_schemas/16/push.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e44465cf45
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/full_schemas/16/push.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+/* Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS rejections(
+    event_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    reason TEXT NOT NULL,
+    last_check TEXT NOT NULL,
+    UNIQUE (event_id)
+);
+
+-- Push notification endpoints that users have configured
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS pushers (
+  id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY,
+  user_name TEXT NOT NULL,
+  access_token BIGINT DEFAULT NULL,
+  profile_tag VARCHAR(32) NOT NULL,
+  kind VARCHAR(8) NOT NULL,
+  app_id VARCHAR(64) NOT NULL,
+  app_display_name VARCHAR(64) NOT NULL,
+  device_display_name VARCHAR(128) NOT NULL,
+  pushkey bytea NOT NULL,
+  ts BIGINT NOT NULL,
+  lang VARCHAR(8),
+  data bytea,
+  last_token TEXT,
+  last_success BIGINT,
+  failing_since BIGINT,
+  UNIQUE (app_id, pushkey)
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS push_rules (
+  id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY,
+  user_name TEXT NOT NULL,
+  rule_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+  priority_class SMALLINT NOT NULL,
+  priority INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+  conditions TEXT NOT NULL,
+  actions TEXT NOT NULL,
+  UNIQUE(user_name, rule_id)
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX push_rules_user_name on push_rules (user_name);
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS user_filters(
+  user_id TEXT,
+  filter_id BIGINT,
+  filter_json bytea
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX user_filters_by_user_id_filter_id ON user_filters(
+    user_id, filter_id
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS push_rules_enable (
+  id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY,
+  user_name TEXT NOT NULL,
+  rule_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+  enabled SMALLINT,
+  UNIQUE(user_name, rule_id)
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX push_rules_enable_user_name on push_rules_enable (user_name);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/full_schemas/16/redactions.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/full_schemas/16/redactions.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..318f0d9aa5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/full_schemas/16/redactions.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+/* Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS redactions (
+    event_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    redacts TEXT NOT NULL,
+    UNIQUE (event_id)
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX redactions_event_id ON redactions (event_id);
+CREATE INDEX redactions_redacts ON redactions (redacts);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/full_schemas/16/room_aliases.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/full_schemas/16/room_aliases.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d47da3b12f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/full_schemas/16/room_aliases.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+/* Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS room_aliases(
+    room_alias TEXT NOT NULL,
+    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    UNIQUE (room_alias)
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX room_aliases_id ON room_aliases(room_id);
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS room_alias_servers(
+    room_alias TEXT NOT NULL,
+    server TEXT NOT NULL
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX room_alias_servers_alias ON room_alias_servers(room_alias);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/full_schemas/16/state.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/full_schemas/16/state.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..96391a8f0e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/full_schemas/16/state.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+/* Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS state_groups(
+    id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY,
+    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    event_id TEXT NOT NULL
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS state_groups_state(
+    state_group BIGINT NOT NULL,
+    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    type TEXT NOT NULL,
+    state_key TEXT NOT NULL,
+    event_id TEXT NOT NULL
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS event_to_state_groups(
+    event_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    state_group BIGINT NOT NULL,
+    UNIQUE (event_id)
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX state_groups_id ON state_groups(id);
+
+CREATE INDEX state_groups_state_id ON state_groups_state(state_group);
+CREATE INDEX state_groups_state_tuple ON state_groups_state(room_id, type, state_key);
+CREATE INDEX event_to_state_groups_id ON event_to_state_groups(event_id);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/full_schemas/16/transactions.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/full_schemas/16/transactions.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..17e67bedac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/full_schemas/16/transactions.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/* Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+-- Stores what transaction ids we have received and what our response was
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS received_transactions(
+    transaction_id TEXT,
+    origin TEXT,
+    ts BIGINT,
+    response_code INTEGER,
+    response_json bytea,
+    has_been_referenced smallint default 0, -- Whether thishas been referenced by a prev_tx
+    UNIQUE (transaction_id, origin)
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX transactions_have_ref ON received_transactions(origin, has_been_referenced);-- WHERE has_been_referenced = 0;
+
+-- For sent transactions only.
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS transaction_id_to_pdu(
+    transaction_id INTEGER,
+    destination TEXT,
+    pdu_id TEXT,
+    pdu_origin TEXT,
+    UNIQUE (transaction_id, destination)
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX transaction_id_to_pdu_dest ON transaction_id_to_pdu(destination);
+
+-- To track destination health
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS destinations(
+    destination TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
+    retry_last_ts BIGINT,
+    retry_interval INTEGER
+);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/full_schemas/16/users.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/full_schemas/16/users.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f013aa8b18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/full_schemas/16/users.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+/* Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS users(
+    name TEXT,
+    password_hash TEXT,
+    creation_ts BIGINT,
+    admin SMALLINT DEFAULT 0 NOT NULL,
+    UNIQUE(name)
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS access_tokens(
+    id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY,
+    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    device_id TEXT,
+    token TEXT NOT NULL,
+    last_used BIGINT,
+    UNIQUE(token)
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS user_ips (
+    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    access_token TEXT NOT NULL,
+    device_id TEXT,
+    ip TEXT NOT NULL,
+    user_agent TEXT NOT NULL,
+    last_seen BIGINT NOT NULL
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX user_ips_user ON user_ips(user_id);
+CREATE INDEX user_ips_user_ip ON user_ips(user_id, access_token, ip);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/full_schemas/54/full.sql.postgres b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/full_schemas/54/full.sql.postgres
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4ad2929f32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/full_schemas/54/full.sql.postgres
@@ -0,0 +1,2035 @@
+
+
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE access_tokens (
+    id bigint NOT NULL,
+    user_id text NOT NULL,
+    device_id text,
+    token text NOT NULL,
+    last_used bigint
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE account_data (
+    user_id text NOT NULL,
+    account_data_type text NOT NULL,
+    stream_id bigint NOT NULL,
+    content text NOT NULL
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE account_data_max_stream_id (
+    lock character(1) DEFAULT 'X'::bpchar NOT NULL,
+    stream_id bigint NOT NULL,
+    CONSTRAINT private_user_data_max_stream_id_lock_check CHECK ((lock = 'X'::bpchar))
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE account_validity (
+    user_id text NOT NULL,
+    expiration_ts_ms bigint NOT NULL,
+    email_sent boolean NOT NULL,
+    renewal_token text
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE application_services_state (
+    as_id text NOT NULL,
+    state character varying(5),
+    last_txn integer
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE application_services_txns (
+    as_id text NOT NULL,
+    txn_id integer NOT NULL,
+    event_ids text NOT NULL
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE appservice_room_list (
+    appservice_id text NOT NULL,
+    network_id text NOT NULL,
+    room_id text NOT NULL
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE appservice_stream_position (
+    lock character(1) DEFAULT 'X'::bpchar NOT NULL,
+    stream_ordering bigint,
+    CONSTRAINT appservice_stream_position_lock_check CHECK ((lock = 'X'::bpchar))
+);
+
+
+CREATE TABLE blocked_rooms (
+    room_id text NOT NULL,
+    user_id text NOT NULL
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE cache_invalidation_stream (
+    stream_id bigint,
+    cache_func text,
+    keys text[],
+    invalidation_ts bigint
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE current_state_delta_stream (
+    stream_id bigint NOT NULL,
+    room_id text NOT NULL,
+    type text NOT NULL,
+    state_key text NOT NULL,
+    event_id text,
+    prev_event_id text
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE current_state_events (
+    event_id text NOT NULL,
+    room_id text NOT NULL,
+    type text NOT NULL,
+    state_key text NOT NULL
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE deleted_pushers (
+    stream_id bigint NOT NULL,
+    app_id text NOT NULL,
+    pushkey text NOT NULL,
+    user_id text NOT NULL
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE destinations (
+    destination text NOT NULL,
+    retry_last_ts bigint,
+    retry_interval integer
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE device_federation_inbox (
+    origin text NOT NULL,
+    message_id text NOT NULL,
+    received_ts bigint NOT NULL
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE device_federation_outbox (
+    destination text NOT NULL,
+    stream_id bigint NOT NULL,
+    queued_ts bigint NOT NULL,
+    messages_json text NOT NULL
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE device_inbox (
+    user_id text NOT NULL,
+    device_id text NOT NULL,
+    stream_id bigint NOT NULL,
+    message_json text NOT NULL
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE device_lists_outbound_last_success (
+    destination text NOT NULL,
+    user_id text NOT NULL,
+    stream_id bigint NOT NULL
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE device_lists_outbound_pokes (
+    destination text NOT NULL,
+    stream_id bigint NOT NULL,
+    user_id text NOT NULL,
+    device_id text NOT NULL,
+    sent boolean NOT NULL,
+    ts bigint NOT NULL
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE device_lists_remote_cache (
+    user_id text NOT NULL,
+    device_id text NOT NULL,
+    content text NOT NULL
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE device_lists_remote_extremeties (
+    user_id text NOT NULL,
+    stream_id text NOT NULL
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE device_lists_stream (
+    stream_id bigint NOT NULL,
+    user_id text NOT NULL,
+    device_id text NOT NULL
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE device_max_stream_id (
+    stream_id bigint NOT NULL
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE devices (
+    user_id text NOT NULL,
+    device_id text NOT NULL,
+    display_name text
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE e2e_device_keys_json (
+    user_id text NOT NULL,
+    device_id text NOT NULL,
+    ts_added_ms bigint NOT NULL,
+    key_json text NOT NULL
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE e2e_one_time_keys_json (
+    user_id text NOT NULL,
+    device_id text NOT NULL,
+    algorithm text NOT NULL,
+    key_id text NOT NULL,
+    ts_added_ms bigint NOT NULL,
+    key_json text NOT NULL
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE e2e_room_keys (
+    user_id text NOT NULL,
+    room_id text NOT NULL,
+    session_id text NOT NULL,
+    version bigint NOT NULL,
+    first_message_index integer,
+    forwarded_count integer,
+    is_verified boolean,
+    session_data text NOT NULL
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE e2e_room_keys_versions (
+    user_id text NOT NULL,
+    version bigint NOT NULL,
+    algorithm text NOT NULL,
+    auth_data text NOT NULL,
+    deleted smallint DEFAULT 0 NOT NULL
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE erased_users (
+    user_id text NOT NULL
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE event_auth (
+    event_id text NOT NULL,
+    auth_id text NOT NULL,
+    room_id text NOT NULL
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE event_backward_extremities (
+    event_id text NOT NULL,
+    room_id text NOT NULL
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE event_edges (
+    event_id text NOT NULL,
+    prev_event_id text NOT NULL,
+    room_id text NOT NULL,
+    is_state boolean NOT NULL
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE event_forward_extremities (
+    event_id text NOT NULL,
+    room_id text NOT NULL
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE event_json (
+    event_id text NOT NULL,
+    room_id text NOT NULL,
+    internal_metadata text NOT NULL,
+    json text NOT NULL,
+    format_version integer
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE event_push_actions (
+    room_id text NOT NULL,
+    event_id text NOT NULL,
+    user_id text NOT NULL,
+    profile_tag character varying(32),
+    actions text NOT NULL,
+    topological_ordering bigint,
+    stream_ordering bigint,
+    notif smallint,
+    highlight smallint
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE event_push_actions_staging (
+    event_id text NOT NULL,
+    user_id text NOT NULL,
+    actions text NOT NULL,
+    notif smallint NOT NULL,
+    highlight smallint NOT NULL
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE event_push_summary (
+    user_id text NOT NULL,
+    room_id text NOT NULL,
+    notif_count bigint NOT NULL,
+    stream_ordering bigint NOT NULL
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE event_push_summary_stream_ordering (
+    lock character(1) DEFAULT 'X'::bpchar NOT NULL,
+    stream_ordering bigint NOT NULL,
+    CONSTRAINT event_push_summary_stream_ordering_lock_check CHECK ((lock = 'X'::bpchar))
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE event_reference_hashes (
+    event_id text,
+    algorithm text,
+    hash bytea
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE event_relations (
+    event_id text NOT NULL,
+    relates_to_id text NOT NULL,
+    relation_type text NOT NULL,
+    aggregation_key text
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE event_reports (
+    id bigint NOT NULL,
+    received_ts bigint NOT NULL,
+    room_id text NOT NULL,
+    event_id text NOT NULL,
+    user_id text NOT NULL,
+    reason text,
+    content text
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE event_search (
+    event_id text,
+    room_id text,
+    sender text,
+    key text,
+    vector tsvector,
+    origin_server_ts bigint,
+    stream_ordering bigint
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE event_to_state_groups (
+    event_id text NOT NULL,
+    state_group bigint NOT NULL
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE events (
+    stream_ordering integer NOT NULL,
+    topological_ordering bigint NOT NULL,
+    event_id text NOT NULL,
+    type text NOT NULL,
+    room_id text NOT NULL,
+    content text,
+    unrecognized_keys text,
+    processed boolean NOT NULL,
+    outlier boolean NOT NULL,
+    depth bigint DEFAULT 0 NOT NULL,
+    origin_server_ts bigint,
+    received_ts bigint,
+    sender text,
+    contains_url boolean
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE ex_outlier_stream (
+    event_stream_ordering bigint NOT NULL,
+    event_id text NOT NULL,
+    state_group bigint NOT NULL
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE federation_stream_position (
+    type text NOT NULL,
+    stream_id integer NOT NULL
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE group_attestations_remote (
+    group_id text NOT NULL,
+    user_id text NOT NULL,
+    valid_until_ms bigint NOT NULL,
+    attestation_json text NOT NULL
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE group_attestations_renewals (
+    group_id text NOT NULL,
+    user_id text NOT NULL,
+    valid_until_ms bigint NOT NULL
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE group_invites (
+    group_id text NOT NULL,
+    user_id text NOT NULL
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE group_roles (
+    group_id text NOT NULL,
+    role_id text NOT NULL,
+    profile text NOT NULL,
+    is_public boolean NOT NULL
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE group_room_categories (
+    group_id text NOT NULL,
+    category_id text NOT NULL,
+    profile text NOT NULL,
+    is_public boolean NOT NULL
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE group_rooms (
+    group_id text NOT NULL,
+    room_id text NOT NULL,
+    is_public boolean NOT NULL
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE group_summary_roles (
+    group_id text NOT NULL,
+    role_id text NOT NULL,
+    role_order bigint NOT NULL,
+    CONSTRAINT group_summary_roles_role_order_check CHECK ((role_order > 0))
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE group_summary_room_categories (
+    group_id text NOT NULL,
+    category_id text NOT NULL,
+    cat_order bigint NOT NULL,
+    CONSTRAINT group_summary_room_categories_cat_order_check CHECK ((cat_order > 0))
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE group_summary_rooms (
+    group_id text NOT NULL,
+    room_id text NOT NULL,
+    category_id text NOT NULL,
+    room_order bigint NOT NULL,
+    is_public boolean NOT NULL,
+    CONSTRAINT group_summary_rooms_room_order_check CHECK ((room_order > 0))
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE group_summary_users (
+    group_id text NOT NULL,
+    user_id text NOT NULL,
+    role_id text NOT NULL,
+    user_order bigint NOT NULL,
+    is_public boolean NOT NULL
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE group_users (
+    group_id text NOT NULL,
+    user_id text NOT NULL,
+    is_admin boolean NOT NULL,
+    is_public boolean NOT NULL
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE groups (
+    group_id text NOT NULL,
+    name text,
+    avatar_url text,
+    short_description text,
+    long_description text,
+    is_public boolean NOT NULL,
+    join_policy text DEFAULT 'invite'::text NOT NULL
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE guest_access (
+    event_id text NOT NULL,
+    room_id text NOT NULL,
+    guest_access text NOT NULL
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE history_visibility (
+    event_id text NOT NULL,
+    room_id text NOT NULL,
+    history_visibility text NOT NULL
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE local_group_membership (
+    group_id text NOT NULL,
+    user_id text NOT NULL,
+    is_admin boolean NOT NULL,
+    membership text NOT NULL,
+    is_publicised boolean NOT NULL,
+    content text NOT NULL
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE local_group_updates (
+    stream_id bigint NOT NULL,
+    group_id text NOT NULL,
+    user_id text NOT NULL,
+    type text NOT NULL,
+    content text NOT NULL
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE local_invites (
+    stream_id bigint NOT NULL,
+    inviter text NOT NULL,
+    invitee text NOT NULL,
+    event_id text NOT NULL,
+    room_id text NOT NULL,
+    locally_rejected text,
+    replaced_by text
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE local_media_repository (
+    media_id text,
+    media_type text,
+    media_length integer,
+    created_ts bigint,
+    upload_name text,
+    user_id text,
+    quarantined_by text,
+    url_cache text,
+    last_access_ts bigint
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE local_media_repository_thumbnails (
+    media_id text,
+    thumbnail_width integer,
+    thumbnail_height integer,
+    thumbnail_type text,
+    thumbnail_method text,
+    thumbnail_length integer
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE local_media_repository_url_cache (
+    url text,
+    response_code integer,
+    etag text,
+    expires_ts bigint,
+    og text,
+    media_id text,
+    download_ts bigint
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE monthly_active_users (
+    user_id text NOT NULL,
+    "timestamp" bigint NOT NULL
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE open_id_tokens (
+    token text NOT NULL,
+    ts_valid_until_ms bigint NOT NULL,
+    user_id text NOT NULL
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE presence (
+    user_id text NOT NULL,
+    state character varying(20),
+    status_msg text,
+    mtime bigint
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE presence_allow_inbound (
+    observed_user_id text NOT NULL,
+    observer_user_id text NOT NULL
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE presence_stream (
+    stream_id bigint,
+    user_id text,
+    state text,
+    last_active_ts bigint,
+    last_federation_update_ts bigint,
+    last_user_sync_ts bigint,
+    status_msg text,
+    currently_active boolean
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE profiles (
+    user_id text NOT NULL,
+    displayname text,
+    avatar_url text
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE public_room_list_stream (
+    stream_id bigint NOT NULL,
+    room_id text NOT NULL,
+    visibility boolean NOT NULL,
+    appservice_id text,
+    network_id text
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE push_rules (
+    id bigint NOT NULL,
+    user_name text NOT NULL,
+    rule_id text NOT NULL,
+    priority_class smallint NOT NULL,
+    priority integer DEFAULT 0 NOT NULL,
+    conditions text NOT NULL,
+    actions text NOT NULL
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE push_rules_enable (
+    id bigint NOT NULL,
+    user_name text NOT NULL,
+    rule_id text NOT NULL,
+    enabled smallint
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE push_rules_stream (
+    stream_id bigint NOT NULL,
+    event_stream_ordering bigint NOT NULL,
+    user_id text NOT NULL,
+    rule_id text NOT NULL,
+    op text NOT NULL,
+    priority_class smallint,
+    priority integer,
+    conditions text,
+    actions text
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE pusher_throttle (
+    pusher bigint NOT NULL,
+    room_id text NOT NULL,
+    last_sent_ts bigint,
+    throttle_ms bigint
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE pushers (
+    id bigint NOT NULL,
+    user_name text NOT NULL,
+    access_token bigint,
+    profile_tag text NOT NULL,
+    kind text NOT NULL,
+    app_id text NOT NULL,
+    app_display_name text NOT NULL,
+    device_display_name text NOT NULL,
+    pushkey text NOT NULL,
+    ts bigint NOT NULL,
+    lang text,
+    data text,
+    last_stream_ordering integer,
+    last_success bigint,
+    failing_since bigint
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE ratelimit_override (
+    user_id text NOT NULL,
+    messages_per_second bigint,
+    burst_count bigint
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE receipts_graph (
+    room_id text NOT NULL,
+    receipt_type text NOT NULL,
+    user_id text NOT NULL,
+    event_ids text NOT NULL,
+    data text NOT NULL
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE receipts_linearized (
+    stream_id bigint NOT NULL,
+    room_id text NOT NULL,
+    receipt_type text NOT NULL,
+    user_id text NOT NULL,
+    event_id text NOT NULL,
+    data text NOT NULL
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE received_transactions (
+    transaction_id text,
+    origin text,
+    ts bigint,
+    response_code integer,
+    response_json bytea,
+    has_been_referenced smallint DEFAULT 0
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE redactions (
+    event_id text NOT NULL,
+    redacts text NOT NULL
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE rejections (
+    event_id text NOT NULL,
+    reason text NOT NULL,
+    last_check text NOT NULL
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE remote_media_cache (
+    media_origin text,
+    media_id text,
+    media_type text,
+    created_ts bigint,
+    upload_name text,
+    media_length integer,
+    filesystem_id text,
+    last_access_ts bigint,
+    quarantined_by text
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE remote_media_cache_thumbnails (
+    media_origin text,
+    media_id text,
+    thumbnail_width integer,
+    thumbnail_height integer,
+    thumbnail_method text,
+    thumbnail_type text,
+    thumbnail_length integer,
+    filesystem_id text
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE remote_profile_cache (
+    user_id text NOT NULL,
+    displayname text,
+    avatar_url text,
+    last_check bigint NOT NULL
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE room_account_data (
+    user_id text NOT NULL,
+    room_id text NOT NULL,
+    account_data_type text NOT NULL,
+    stream_id bigint NOT NULL,
+    content text NOT NULL
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE room_alias_servers (
+    room_alias text NOT NULL,
+    server text NOT NULL
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE room_aliases (
+    room_alias text NOT NULL,
+    room_id text NOT NULL,
+    creator text
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE room_depth (
+    room_id text NOT NULL,
+    min_depth integer NOT NULL
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE room_memberships (
+    event_id text NOT NULL,
+    user_id text NOT NULL,
+    sender text NOT NULL,
+    room_id text NOT NULL,
+    membership text NOT NULL,
+    forgotten integer DEFAULT 0,
+    display_name text,
+    avatar_url text
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE room_names (
+    event_id text NOT NULL,
+    room_id text NOT NULL,
+    name text NOT NULL
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE room_state (
+    room_id text NOT NULL,
+    join_rules text,
+    history_visibility text,
+    encryption text,
+    name text,
+    topic text,
+    avatar text,
+    canonical_alias text
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE room_stats (
+    room_id text NOT NULL,
+    ts bigint NOT NULL,
+    bucket_size integer NOT NULL,
+    current_state_events integer NOT NULL,
+    joined_members integer NOT NULL,
+    invited_members integer NOT NULL,
+    left_members integer NOT NULL,
+    banned_members integer NOT NULL,
+    state_events integer NOT NULL
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE room_stats_earliest_token (
+    room_id text NOT NULL,
+    token bigint NOT NULL
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE room_tags (
+    user_id text NOT NULL,
+    room_id text NOT NULL,
+    tag text NOT NULL,
+    content text NOT NULL
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE room_tags_revisions (
+    user_id text NOT NULL,
+    room_id text NOT NULL,
+    stream_id bigint NOT NULL
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE rooms (
+    room_id text NOT NULL,
+    is_public boolean,
+    creator text
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE server_keys_json (
+    server_name text NOT NULL,
+    key_id text NOT NULL,
+    from_server text NOT NULL,
+    ts_added_ms bigint NOT NULL,
+    ts_valid_until_ms bigint NOT NULL,
+    key_json bytea NOT NULL
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE server_signature_keys (
+    server_name text,
+    key_id text,
+    from_server text,
+    ts_added_ms bigint,
+    verify_key bytea,
+    ts_valid_until_ms bigint
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE state_events (
+    event_id text NOT NULL,
+    room_id text NOT NULL,
+    type text NOT NULL,
+    state_key text NOT NULL,
+    prev_state text
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE state_group_edges (
+    state_group bigint NOT NULL,
+    prev_state_group bigint NOT NULL
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE SEQUENCE state_group_id_seq
+    START WITH 1
+    INCREMENT BY 1
+    NO MINVALUE
+    NO MAXVALUE
+    CACHE 1;
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE state_groups (
+    id bigint NOT NULL,
+    room_id text NOT NULL,
+    event_id text NOT NULL
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE state_groups_state (
+    state_group bigint NOT NULL,
+    room_id text NOT NULL,
+    type text NOT NULL,
+    state_key text NOT NULL,
+    event_id text NOT NULL
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE stats_stream_pos (
+    lock character(1) DEFAULT 'X'::bpchar NOT NULL,
+    stream_id bigint,
+    CONSTRAINT stats_stream_pos_lock_check CHECK ((lock = 'X'::bpchar))
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE stream_ordering_to_exterm (
+    stream_ordering bigint NOT NULL,
+    room_id text NOT NULL,
+    event_id text NOT NULL
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE threepid_guest_access_tokens (
+    medium text,
+    address text,
+    guest_access_token text,
+    first_inviter text
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE topics (
+    event_id text NOT NULL,
+    room_id text NOT NULL,
+    topic text NOT NULL
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE user_daily_visits (
+    user_id text NOT NULL,
+    device_id text,
+    "timestamp" bigint NOT NULL
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE user_directory (
+    user_id text NOT NULL,
+    room_id text,
+    display_name text,
+    avatar_url text
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE user_directory_search (
+    user_id text NOT NULL,
+    vector tsvector
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE user_directory_stream_pos (
+    lock character(1) DEFAULT 'X'::bpchar NOT NULL,
+    stream_id bigint,
+    CONSTRAINT user_directory_stream_pos_lock_check CHECK ((lock = 'X'::bpchar))
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE user_filters (
+    user_id text,
+    filter_id bigint,
+    filter_json bytea
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE user_ips (
+    user_id text NOT NULL,
+    access_token text NOT NULL,
+    device_id text,
+    ip text NOT NULL,
+    user_agent text NOT NULL,
+    last_seen bigint NOT NULL
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE user_stats (
+    user_id text NOT NULL,
+    ts bigint NOT NULL,
+    bucket_size integer NOT NULL,
+    public_rooms integer NOT NULL,
+    private_rooms integer NOT NULL
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE user_threepid_id_server (
+    user_id text NOT NULL,
+    medium text NOT NULL,
+    address text NOT NULL,
+    id_server text NOT NULL
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE user_threepids (
+    user_id text NOT NULL,
+    medium text NOT NULL,
+    address text NOT NULL,
+    validated_at bigint NOT NULL,
+    added_at bigint NOT NULL
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE users (
+    name text,
+    password_hash text,
+    creation_ts bigint,
+    admin smallint DEFAULT 0 NOT NULL,
+    upgrade_ts bigint,
+    is_guest smallint DEFAULT 0 NOT NULL,
+    appservice_id text,
+    consent_version text,
+    consent_server_notice_sent text,
+    user_type text
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE users_in_public_rooms (
+    user_id text NOT NULL,
+    room_id text NOT NULL
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE users_pending_deactivation (
+    user_id text NOT NULL
+);
+
+
+
+CREATE TABLE users_who_share_private_rooms (
+    user_id text NOT NULL,
+    other_user_id text NOT NULL,
+    room_id text NOT NULL
+);
+
+
+
+ALTER TABLE ONLY access_tokens
+    ADD CONSTRAINT access_tokens_pkey PRIMARY KEY (id);
+
+
+
+ALTER TABLE ONLY access_tokens
+    ADD CONSTRAINT access_tokens_token_key UNIQUE (token);
+
+
+
+ALTER TABLE ONLY account_data
+    ADD CONSTRAINT account_data_uniqueness UNIQUE (user_id, account_data_type);
+
+
+
+ALTER TABLE ONLY account_validity
+    ADD CONSTRAINT account_validity_pkey PRIMARY KEY (user_id);
+
+
+
+ALTER TABLE ONLY application_services_state
+    ADD CONSTRAINT application_services_state_pkey PRIMARY KEY (as_id);
+
+
+
+ALTER TABLE ONLY application_services_txns
+    ADD CONSTRAINT application_services_txns_as_id_txn_id_key UNIQUE (as_id, txn_id);
+
+
+
+ALTER TABLE ONLY appservice_stream_position
+    ADD CONSTRAINT appservice_stream_position_lock_key UNIQUE (lock);
+
+
+
+ALTER TABLE ONLY current_state_events
+    ADD CONSTRAINT current_state_events_event_id_key UNIQUE (event_id);
+
+
+
+ALTER TABLE ONLY current_state_events
+    ADD CONSTRAINT current_state_events_room_id_type_state_key_key UNIQUE (room_id, type, state_key);
+
+
+
+ALTER TABLE ONLY destinations
+    ADD CONSTRAINT destinations_pkey PRIMARY KEY (destination);
+
+
+
+ALTER TABLE ONLY devices
+    ADD CONSTRAINT device_uniqueness UNIQUE (user_id, device_id);
+
+
+
+ALTER TABLE ONLY e2e_device_keys_json
+    ADD CONSTRAINT e2e_device_keys_json_uniqueness UNIQUE (user_id, device_id);
+
+
+
+ALTER TABLE ONLY e2e_one_time_keys_json
+    ADD CONSTRAINT e2e_one_time_keys_json_uniqueness UNIQUE (user_id, device_id, algorithm, key_id);
+
+
+
+ALTER TABLE ONLY event_backward_extremities
+    ADD CONSTRAINT event_backward_extremities_event_id_room_id_key UNIQUE (event_id, room_id);
+
+
+
+ALTER TABLE ONLY event_edges
+    ADD CONSTRAINT event_edges_event_id_prev_event_id_room_id_is_state_key UNIQUE (event_id, prev_event_id, room_id, is_state);
+
+
+
+ALTER TABLE ONLY event_forward_extremities
+    ADD CONSTRAINT event_forward_extremities_event_id_room_id_key UNIQUE (event_id, room_id);
+
+
+
+ALTER TABLE ONLY event_push_actions
+    ADD CONSTRAINT event_id_user_id_profile_tag_uniqueness UNIQUE (room_id, event_id, user_id, profile_tag);
+
+
+
+ALTER TABLE ONLY event_json
+    ADD CONSTRAINT event_json_event_id_key UNIQUE (event_id);
+
+
+
+ALTER TABLE ONLY event_push_summary_stream_ordering
+    ADD CONSTRAINT event_push_summary_stream_ordering_lock_key UNIQUE (lock);
+
+
+
+ALTER TABLE ONLY event_reference_hashes
+    ADD CONSTRAINT event_reference_hashes_event_id_algorithm_key UNIQUE (event_id, algorithm);
+
+
+
+ALTER TABLE ONLY event_reports
+    ADD CONSTRAINT event_reports_pkey PRIMARY KEY (id);
+
+
+
+ALTER TABLE ONLY event_to_state_groups
+    ADD CONSTRAINT event_to_state_groups_event_id_key UNIQUE (event_id);
+
+
+
+ALTER TABLE ONLY events
+    ADD CONSTRAINT events_event_id_key UNIQUE (event_id);
+
+
+
+ALTER TABLE ONLY events
+    ADD CONSTRAINT events_pkey PRIMARY KEY (stream_ordering);
+
+
+
+ALTER TABLE ONLY ex_outlier_stream
+    ADD CONSTRAINT ex_outlier_stream_pkey PRIMARY KEY (event_stream_ordering);
+
+
+
+ALTER TABLE ONLY group_roles
+    ADD CONSTRAINT group_roles_group_id_role_id_key UNIQUE (group_id, role_id);
+
+
+
+ALTER TABLE ONLY group_room_categories
+    ADD CONSTRAINT group_room_categories_group_id_category_id_key UNIQUE (group_id, category_id);
+
+
+
+ALTER TABLE ONLY group_summary_roles
+    ADD CONSTRAINT group_summary_roles_group_id_role_id_role_order_key UNIQUE (group_id, role_id, role_order);
+
+
+
+ALTER TABLE ONLY group_summary_room_categories
+    ADD CONSTRAINT group_summary_room_categories_group_id_category_id_cat_orde_key UNIQUE (group_id, category_id, cat_order);
+
+
+
+ALTER TABLE ONLY group_summary_rooms
+    ADD CONSTRAINT group_summary_rooms_group_id_category_id_room_id_room_order_key UNIQUE (group_id, category_id, room_id, room_order);
+
+
+
+ALTER TABLE ONLY guest_access
+    ADD CONSTRAINT guest_access_event_id_key UNIQUE (event_id);
+
+
+
+ALTER TABLE ONLY history_visibility
+    ADD CONSTRAINT history_visibility_event_id_key UNIQUE (event_id);
+
+
+
+ALTER TABLE ONLY local_media_repository
+    ADD CONSTRAINT local_media_repository_media_id_key UNIQUE (media_id);
+
+
+
+ALTER TABLE ONLY local_media_repository_thumbnails
+    ADD CONSTRAINT local_media_repository_thumbn_media_id_thumbnail_width_thum_key UNIQUE (media_id, thumbnail_width, thumbnail_height, thumbnail_type);
+
+
+
+ALTER TABLE ONLY user_threepids
+    ADD CONSTRAINT medium_address UNIQUE (medium, address);
+
+
+
+ALTER TABLE ONLY open_id_tokens
+    ADD CONSTRAINT open_id_tokens_pkey PRIMARY KEY (token);
+
+
+
+ALTER TABLE ONLY presence_allow_inbound
+    ADD CONSTRAINT presence_allow_inbound_observed_user_id_observer_user_id_key UNIQUE (observed_user_id, observer_user_id);
+
+
+
+ALTER TABLE ONLY presence
+    ADD CONSTRAINT presence_user_id_key UNIQUE (user_id);
+
+
+
+ALTER TABLE ONLY account_data_max_stream_id
+    ADD CONSTRAINT private_user_data_max_stream_id_lock_key UNIQUE (lock);
+
+
+
+ALTER TABLE ONLY profiles
+    ADD CONSTRAINT profiles_user_id_key UNIQUE (user_id);
+
+
+
+ALTER TABLE ONLY push_rules_enable
+    ADD CONSTRAINT push_rules_enable_pkey PRIMARY KEY (id);
+
+
+
+ALTER TABLE ONLY push_rules_enable
+    ADD CONSTRAINT push_rules_enable_user_name_rule_id_key UNIQUE (user_name, rule_id);
+
+
+
+ALTER TABLE ONLY push_rules
+    ADD CONSTRAINT push_rules_pkey PRIMARY KEY (id);
+
+
+
+ALTER TABLE ONLY push_rules
+    ADD CONSTRAINT push_rules_user_name_rule_id_key UNIQUE (user_name, rule_id);
+
+
+
+ALTER TABLE ONLY pusher_throttle
+    ADD CONSTRAINT pusher_throttle_pkey PRIMARY KEY (pusher, room_id);
+
+
+
+ALTER TABLE ONLY pushers
+    ADD CONSTRAINT pushers2_app_id_pushkey_user_name_key UNIQUE (app_id, pushkey, user_name);
+
+
+
+ALTER TABLE ONLY pushers
+    ADD CONSTRAINT pushers2_pkey PRIMARY KEY (id);
+
+
+
+ALTER TABLE ONLY receipts_graph
+    ADD CONSTRAINT receipts_graph_uniqueness UNIQUE (room_id, receipt_type, user_id);
+
+
+
+ALTER TABLE ONLY receipts_linearized
+    ADD CONSTRAINT receipts_linearized_uniqueness UNIQUE (room_id, receipt_type, user_id);
+
+
+
+ALTER TABLE ONLY received_transactions
+    ADD CONSTRAINT received_transactions_transaction_id_origin_key UNIQUE (transaction_id, origin);
+
+
+
+ALTER TABLE ONLY redactions
+    ADD CONSTRAINT redactions_event_id_key UNIQUE (event_id);
+
+
+
+ALTER TABLE ONLY rejections
+    ADD CONSTRAINT rejections_event_id_key UNIQUE (event_id);
+
+
+
+ALTER TABLE ONLY remote_media_cache
+    ADD CONSTRAINT remote_media_cache_media_origin_media_id_key UNIQUE (media_origin, media_id);
+
+
+
+ALTER TABLE ONLY remote_media_cache_thumbnails
+    ADD CONSTRAINT remote_media_cache_thumbnails_media_origin_media_id_thumbna_key UNIQUE (media_origin, media_id, thumbnail_width, thumbnail_height, thumbnail_type);
+
+
+
+ALTER TABLE ONLY room_account_data
+    ADD CONSTRAINT room_account_data_uniqueness UNIQUE (user_id, room_id, account_data_type);
+
+
+
+ALTER TABLE ONLY room_aliases
+    ADD CONSTRAINT room_aliases_room_alias_key UNIQUE (room_alias);
+
+
+
+ALTER TABLE ONLY room_depth
+    ADD CONSTRAINT room_depth_room_id_key UNIQUE (room_id);
+
+
+
+ALTER TABLE ONLY room_memberships
+    ADD CONSTRAINT room_memberships_event_id_key UNIQUE (event_id);
+
+
+
+ALTER TABLE ONLY room_names
+    ADD CONSTRAINT room_names_event_id_key UNIQUE (event_id);
+
+
+
+ALTER TABLE ONLY room_tags_revisions
+    ADD CONSTRAINT room_tag_revisions_uniqueness UNIQUE (user_id, room_id);
+
+
+
+ALTER TABLE ONLY room_tags
+    ADD CONSTRAINT room_tag_uniqueness UNIQUE (user_id, room_id, tag);
+
+
+
+ALTER TABLE ONLY rooms
+    ADD CONSTRAINT rooms_pkey PRIMARY KEY (room_id);
+
+
+
+ALTER TABLE ONLY server_keys_json
+    ADD CONSTRAINT server_keys_json_uniqueness UNIQUE (server_name, key_id, from_server);
+
+
+
+ALTER TABLE ONLY server_signature_keys
+    ADD CONSTRAINT server_signature_keys_server_name_key_id_key UNIQUE (server_name, key_id);
+
+
+
+ALTER TABLE ONLY state_events
+    ADD CONSTRAINT state_events_event_id_key UNIQUE (event_id);
+
+
+
+ALTER TABLE ONLY state_groups
+    ADD CONSTRAINT state_groups_pkey PRIMARY KEY (id);
+
+
+
+ALTER TABLE ONLY stats_stream_pos
+    ADD CONSTRAINT stats_stream_pos_lock_key UNIQUE (lock);
+
+
+
+ALTER TABLE ONLY topics
+    ADD CONSTRAINT topics_event_id_key UNIQUE (event_id);
+
+
+
+ALTER TABLE ONLY user_directory_stream_pos
+    ADD CONSTRAINT user_directory_stream_pos_lock_key UNIQUE (lock);
+
+
+
+ALTER TABLE ONLY users
+    ADD CONSTRAINT users_name_key UNIQUE (name);
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX access_tokens_device_id ON access_tokens USING btree (user_id, device_id);
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX account_data_stream_id ON account_data USING btree (user_id, stream_id);
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX application_services_txns_id ON application_services_txns USING btree (as_id);
+
+
+
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX appservice_room_list_idx ON appservice_room_list USING btree (appservice_id, network_id, room_id);
+
+
+
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX blocked_rooms_idx ON blocked_rooms USING btree (room_id);
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX cache_invalidation_stream_id ON cache_invalidation_stream USING btree (stream_id);
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX current_state_delta_stream_idx ON current_state_delta_stream USING btree (stream_id);
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX current_state_events_member_index ON current_state_events USING btree (state_key) WHERE (type = 'm.room.member'::text);
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX deleted_pushers_stream_id ON deleted_pushers USING btree (stream_id);
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX device_federation_inbox_sender_id ON device_federation_inbox USING btree (origin, message_id);
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX device_federation_outbox_destination_id ON device_federation_outbox USING btree (destination, stream_id);
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX device_federation_outbox_id ON device_federation_outbox USING btree (stream_id);
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX device_inbox_stream_id_user_id ON device_inbox USING btree (stream_id, user_id);
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX device_inbox_user_stream_id ON device_inbox USING btree (user_id, device_id, stream_id);
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX device_lists_outbound_last_success_idx ON device_lists_outbound_last_success USING btree (destination, user_id, stream_id);
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX device_lists_outbound_pokes_id ON device_lists_outbound_pokes USING btree (destination, stream_id);
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX device_lists_outbound_pokes_stream ON device_lists_outbound_pokes USING btree (stream_id);
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX device_lists_outbound_pokes_user ON device_lists_outbound_pokes USING btree (destination, user_id);
+
+
+
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX device_lists_remote_cache_unique_id ON device_lists_remote_cache USING btree (user_id, device_id);
+
+
+
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX device_lists_remote_extremeties_unique_idx ON device_lists_remote_extremeties USING btree (user_id);
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX device_lists_stream_id ON device_lists_stream USING btree (stream_id, user_id);
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX device_lists_stream_user_id ON device_lists_stream USING btree (user_id, device_id);
+
+
+
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX e2e_room_keys_idx ON e2e_room_keys USING btree (user_id, room_id, session_id);
+
+
+
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX e2e_room_keys_versions_idx ON e2e_room_keys_versions USING btree (user_id, version);
+
+
+
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX erased_users_user ON erased_users USING btree (user_id);
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX ev_b_extrem_id ON event_backward_extremities USING btree (event_id);
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX ev_b_extrem_room ON event_backward_extremities USING btree (room_id);
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX ev_edges_id ON event_edges USING btree (event_id);
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX ev_edges_prev_id ON event_edges USING btree (prev_event_id);
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX ev_extrem_id ON event_forward_extremities USING btree (event_id);
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX ev_extrem_room ON event_forward_extremities USING btree (room_id);
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX evauth_edges_id ON event_auth USING btree (event_id);
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX event_contains_url_index ON events USING btree (room_id, topological_ordering, stream_ordering) WHERE ((contains_url = true) AND (outlier = false));
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX event_json_room_id ON event_json USING btree (room_id);
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX event_push_actions_highlights_index ON event_push_actions USING btree (user_id, room_id, topological_ordering, stream_ordering) WHERE (highlight = 1);
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX event_push_actions_rm_tokens ON event_push_actions USING btree (user_id, room_id, topological_ordering, stream_ordering);
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX event_push_actions_room_id_user_id ON event_push_actions USING btree (room_id, user_id);
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX event_push_actions_staging_id ON event_push_actions_staging USING btree (event_id);
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX event_push_actions_stream_ordering ON event_push_actions USING btree (stream_ordering, user_id);
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX event_push_actions_u_highlight ON event_push_actions USING btree (user_id, stream_ordering);
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX event_push_summary_user_rm ON event_push_summary USING btree (user_id, room_id);
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX event_reference_hashes_id ON event_reference_hashes USING btree (event_id);
+
+
+
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX event_relations_id ON event_relations USING btree (event_id);
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX event_relations_relates ON event_relations USING btree (relates_to_id, relation_type, aggregation_key);
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX event_search_ev_ridx ON event_search USING btree (room_id);
+
+
+
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX event_search_event_id_idx ON event_search USING btree (event_id);
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX event_search_fts_idx ON event_search USING gin (vector);
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX event_to_state_groups_sg_index ON event_to_state_groups USING btree (state_group);
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX events_order_room ON events USING btree (room_id, topological_ordering, stream_ordering);
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX events_room_stream ON events USING btree (room_id, stream_ordering);
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX events_ts ON events USING btree (origin_server_ts, stream_ordering);
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX group_attestations_remote_g_idx ON group_attestations_remote USING btree (group_id, user_id);
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX group_attestations_remote_u_idx ON group_attestations_remote USING btree (user_id);
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX group_attestations_remote_v_idx ON group_attestations_remote USING btree (valid_until_ms);
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX group_attestations_renewals_g_idx ON group_attestations_renewals USING btree (group_id, user_id);
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX group_attestations_renewals_u_idx ON group_attestations_renewals USING btree (user_id);
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX group_attestations_renewals_v_idx ON group_attestations_renewals USING btree (valid_until_ms);
+
+
+
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX group_invites_g_idx ON group_invites USING btree (group_id, user_id);
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX group_invites_u_idx ON group_invites USING btree (user_id);
+
+
+
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX group_rooms_g_idx ON group_rooms USING btree (group_id, room_id);
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX group_rooms_r_idx ON group_rooms USING btree (room_id);
+
+
+
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX group_summary_rooms_g_idx ON group_summary_rooms USING btree (group_id, room_id, category_id);
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX group_summary_users_g_idx ON group_summary_users USING btree (group_id);
+
+
+
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX group_users_g_idx ON group_users USING btree (group_id, user_id);
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX group_users_u_idx ON group_users USING btree (user_id);
+
+
+
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX groups_idx ON groups USING btree (group_id);
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX local_group_membership_g_idx ON local_group_membership USING btree (group_id);
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX local_group_membership_u_idx ON local_group_membership USING btree (user_id, group_id);
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX local_invites_for_user_idx ON local_invites USING btree (invitee, locally_rejected, replaced_by, room_id);
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX local_invites_id ON local_invites USING btree (stream_id);
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX local_media_repository_thumbnails_media_id ON local_media_repository_thumbnails USING btree (media_id);
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX local_media_repository_url_cache_by_url_download_ts ON local_media_repository_url_cache USING btree (url, download_ts);
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX local_media_repository_url_cache_expires_idx ON local_media_repository_url_cache USING btree (expires_ts);
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX local_media_repository_url_cache_media_idx ON local_media_repository_url_cache USING btree (media_id);
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX local_media_repository_url_idx ON local_media_repository USING btree (created_ts) WHERE (url_cache IS NOT NULL);
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX monthly_active_users_time_stamp ON monthly_active_users USING btree ("timestamp");
+
+
+
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX monthly_active_users_users ON monthly_active_users USING btree (user_id);
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX open_id_tokens_ts_valid_until_ms ON open_id_tokens USING btree (ts_valid_until_ms);
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX presence_stream_id ON presence_stream USING btree (stream_id, user_id);
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX presence_stream_user_id ON presence_stream USING btree (user_id);
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX public_room_index ON rooms USING btree (is_public);
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX public_room_list_stream_idx ON public_room_list_stream USING btree (stream_id);
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX public_room_list_stream_rm_idx ON public_room_list_stream USING btree (room_id, stream_id);
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX push_rules_enable_user_name ON push_rules_enable USING btree (user_name);
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX push_rules_stream_id ON push_rules_stream USING btree (stream_id);
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX push_rules_stream_user_stream_id ON push_rules_stream USING btree (user_id, stream_id);
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX push_rules_user_name ON push_rules USING btree (user_name);
+
+
+
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX ratelimit_override_idx ON ratelimit_override USING btree (user_id);
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX receipts_linearized_id ON receipts_linearized USING btree (stream_id);
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX receipts_linearized_room_stream ON receipts_linearized USING btree (room_id, stream_id);
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX receipts_linearized_user ON receipts_linearized USING btree (user_id);
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX received_transactions_ts ON received_transactions USING btree (ts);
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX redactions_redacts ON redactions USING btree (redacts);
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX remote_profile_cache_time ON remote_profile_cache USING btree (last_check);
+
+
+
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX remote_profile_cache_user_id ON remote_profile_cache USING btree (user_id);
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX room_account_data_stream_id ON room_account_data USING btree (user_id, stream_id);
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX room_alias_servers_alias ON room_alias_servers USING btree (room_alias);
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX room_aliases_id ON room_aliases USING btree (room_id);
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX room_depth_room ON room_depth USING btree (room_id);
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX room_memberships_room_id ON room_memberships USING btree (room_id);
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX room_memberships_user_id ON room_memberships USING btree (user_id);
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX room_names_room_id ON room_names USING btree (room_id);
+
+
+
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX room_state_room ON room_state USING btree (room_id);
+
+
+
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX room_stats_earliest_token_idx ON room_stats_earliest_token USING btree (room_id);
+
+
+
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX room_stats_room_ts ON room_stats USING btree (room_id, ts);
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX state_group_edges_idx ON state_group_edges USING btree (state_group);
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX state_group_edges_prev_idx ON state_group_edges USING btree (prev_state_group);
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX state_groups_state_type_idx ON state_groups_state USING btree (state_group, type, state_key);
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX stream_ordering_to_exterm_idx ON stream_ordering_to_exterm USING btree (stream_ordering);
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX stream_ordering_to_exterm_rm_idx ON stream_ordering_to_exterm USING btree (room_id, stream_ordering);
+
+
+
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX threepid_guest_access_tokens_index ON threepid_guest_access_tokens USING btree (medium, address);
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX topics_room_id ON topics USING btree (room_id);
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX user_daily_visits_ts_idx ON user_daily_visits USING btree ("timestamp");
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX user_daily_visits_uts_idx ON user_daily_visits USING btree (user_id, "timestamp");
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX user_directory_room_idx ON user_directory USING btree (room_id);
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX user_directory_search_fts_idx ON user_directory_search USING gin (vector);
+
+
+
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX user_directory_search_user_idx ON user_directory_search USING btree (user_id);
+
+
+
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX user_directory_user_idx ON user_directory USING btree (user_id);
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX user_filters_by_user_id_filter_id ON user_filters USING btree (user_id, filter_id);
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX user_ips_device_id ON user_ips USING btree (user_id, device_id, last_seen);
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX user_ips_last_seen ON user_ips USING btree (user_id, last_seen);
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX user_ips_last_seen_only ON user_ips USING btree (last_seen);
+
+
+
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX user_ips_user_token_ip_unique_index ON user_ips USING btree (user_id, access_token, ip);
+
+
+
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX user_stats_user_ts ON user_stats USING btree (user_id, ts);
+
+
+
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX user_threepid_id_server_idx ON user_threepid_id_server USING btree (user_id, medium, address, id_server);
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX user_threepids_medium_address ON user_threepids USING btree (medium, address);
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX user_threepids_user_id ON user_threepids USING btree (user_id);
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX users_creation_ts ON users USING btree (creation_ts);
+
+
+
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX users_in_public_rooms_u_idx ON users_in_public_rooms USING btree (user_id, room_id);
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX users_who_share_private_rooms_o_idx ON users_who_share_private_rooms USING btree (other_user_id);
+
+
+
+CREATE INDEX users_who_share_private_rooms_r_idx ON users_who_share_private_rooms USING btree (room_id);
+
+
+
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX users_who_share_private_rooms_u_idx ON users_who_share_private_rooms USING btree (user_id, other_user_id, room_id);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/full_schemas/54/full.sql.sqlite b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/full_schemas/54/full.sql.sqlite
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bad33291e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/full_schemas/54/full.sql.sqlite
@@ -0,0 +1,259 @@
+CREATE TABLE application_services_state( as_id TEXT PRIMARY KEY, state VARCHAR(5), last_txn INTEGER );
+CREATE TABLE application_services_txns( as_id TEXT NOT NULL, txn_id INTEGER NOT NULL, event_ids TEXT NOT NULL, UNIQUE(as_id, txn_id) );
+CREATE INDEX application_services_txns_id ON application_services_txns ( as_id );
+CREATE TABLE presence( user_id TEXT NOT NULL, state VARCHAR(20), status_msg TEXT, mtime BIGINT, UNIQUE (user_id) );
+CREATE TABLE presence_allow_inbound( observed_user_id TEXT NOT NULL, observer_user_id TEXT NOT NULL, UNIQUE (observed_user_id, observer_user_id) );
+CREATE TABLE users( name TEXT, password_hash TEXT, creation_ts BIGINT, admin SMALLINT DEFAULT 0 NOT NULL, upgrade_ts BIGINT, is_guest SMALLINT DEFAULT 0 NOT NULL, appservice_id TEXT, consent_version TEXT, consent_server_notice_sent TEXT, user_type TEXT DEFAULT NULL, UNIQUE(name) );
+CREATE TABLE access_tokens( id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY, user_id TEXT NOT NULL, device_id TEXT, token TEXT NOT NULL, last_used BIGINT, UNIQUE(token) );
+CREATE TABLE user_ips ( user_id TEXT NOT NULL, access_token TEXT NOT NULL, device_id TEXT, ip TEXT NOT NULL, user_agent TEXT NOT NULL, last_seen BIGINT NOT NULL );
+CREATE TABLE profiles( user_id TEXT NOT NULL, displayname TEXT, avatar_url TEXT, UNIQUE(user_id) );
+CREATE TABLE received_transactions( transaction_id TEXT, origin TEXT, ts BIGINT, response_code INTEGER, response_json bytea, has_been_referenced smallint default 0, UNIQUE (transaction_id, origin) );
+CREATE TABLE destinations( destination TEXT PRIMARY KEY, retry_last_ts BIGINT, retry_interval INTEGER );
+CREATE TABLE events( stream_ordering INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, topological_ordering BIGINT NOT NULL, event_id TEXT NOT NULL, type TEXT NOT NULL, room_id TEXT NOT NULL, content TEXT, unrecognized_keys TEXT, processed BOOL NOT NULL, outlier BOOL NOT NULL, depth BIGINT DEFAULT 0 NOT NULL, origin_server_ts BIGINT, received_ts BIGINT, sender TEXT, contains_url BOOLEAN, UNIQUE (event_id) );
+CREATE INDEX events_order_room ON events ( room_id, topological_ordering, stream_ordering );
+CREATE TABLE event_json( event_id TEXT NOT NULL, room_id TEXT NOT NULL, internal_metadata TEXT NOT NULL, json TEXT NOT NULL, format_version INTEGER, UNIQUE (event_id) );
+CREATE INDEX event_json_room_id ON event_json(room_id);
+CREATE TABLE state_events( event_id TEXT NOT NULL, room_id TEXT NOT NULL, type TEXT NOT NULL, state_key TEXT NOT NULL, prev_state TEXT, UNIQUE (event_id) );
+CREATE TABLE current_state_events( event_id TEXT NOT NULL, room_id TEXT NOT NULL, type TEXT NOT NULL, state_key TEXT NOT NULL, UNIQUE (event_id), UNIQUE (room_id, type, state_key) );
+CREATE TABLE room_memberships( event_id TEXT NOT NULL, user_id TEXT NOT NULL, sender TEXT NOT NULL, room_id TEXT NOT NULL, membership TEXT NOT NULL, forgotten INTEGER DEFAULT 0, display_name TEXT, avatar_url TEXT, UNIQUE (event_id) );
+CREATE INDEX room_memberships_room_id ON room_memberships (room_id);
+CREATE INDEX room_memberships_user_id ON room_memberships (user_id);
+CREATE TABLE topics( event_id TEXT NOT NULL, room_id TEXT NOT NULL, topic TEXT NOT NULL, UNIQUE (event_id) );
+CREATE INDEX topics_room_id ON topics(room_id);
+CREATE TABLE room_names( event_id TEXT NOT NULL, room_id TEXT NOT NULL, name TEXT NOT NULL, UNIQUE (event_id) );
+CREATE INDEX room_names_room_id ON room_names(room_id);
+CREATE TABLE rooms( room_id TEXT PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL, is_public BOOL, creator TEXT );
+CREATE TABLE server_signature_keys( server_name TEXT, key_id TEXT, from_server TEXT, ts_added_ms BIGINT, verify_key bytea, ts_valid_until_ms BIGINT, UNIQUE (server_name, key_id) );
+CREATE TABLE rejections( event_id TEXT NOT NULL, reason TEXT NOT NULL, last_check TEXT NOT NULL, UNIQUE (event_id) );
+CREATE TABLE push_rules ( id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY, user_name TEXT NOT NULL, rule_id TEXT NOT NULL, priority_class SMALLINT NOT NULL, priority INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0, conditions TEXT NOT NULL, actions TEXT NOT NULL, UNIQUE(user_name, rule_id) );
+CREATE INDEX push_rules_user_name on push_rules (user_name);
+CREATE TABLE user_filters( user_id TEXT, filter_id BIGINT, filter_json bytea );
+CREATE INDEX user_filters_by_user_id_filter_id ON user_filters( user_id, filter_id );
+CREATE TABLE push_rules_enable ( id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY, user_name TEXT NOT NULL, rule_id TEXT NOT NULL, enabled SMALLINT, UNIQUE(user_name, rule_id) );
+CREATE INDEX push_rules_enable_user_name on push_rules_enable (user_name);
+CREATE TABLE event_forward_extremities( event_id TEXT NOT NULL, room_id TEXT NOT NULL, UNIQUE (event_id, room_id) );
+CREATE INDEX ev_extrem_room ON event_forward_extremities(room_id);
+CREATE INDEX ev_extrem_id ON event_forward_extremities(event_id);
+CREATE TABLE event_backward_extremities( event_id TEXT NOT NULL, room_id TEXT NOT NULL, UNIQUE (event_id, room_id) );
+CREATE INDEX ev_b_extrem_room ON event_backward_extremities(room_id);
+CREATE INDEX ev_b_extrem_id ON event_backward_extremities(event_id);
+CREATE TABLE event_edges( event_id TEXT NOT NULL, prev_event_id TEXT NOT NULL, room_id TEXT NOT NULL, is_state BOOL NOT NULL, UNIQUE (event_id, prev_event_id, room_id, is_state) );
+CREATE INDEX ev_edges_id ON event_edges(event_id);
+CREATE INDEX ev_edges_prev_id ON event_edges(prev_event_id);
+CREATE TABLE room_depth( room_id TEXT NOT NULL, min_depth INTEGER NOT NULL, UNIQUE (room_id) );
+CREATE INDEX room_depth_room ON room_depth(room_id);
+CREATE TABLE state_groups( id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY, room_id TEXT NOT NULL, event_id TEXT NOT NULL );
+CREATE TABLE state_groups_state( state_group BIGINT NOT NULL, room_id TEXT NOT NULL, type TEXT NOT NULL, state_key TEXT NOT NULL, event_id TEXT NOT NULL );
+CREATE TABLE event_to_state_groups( event_id TEXT NOT NULL, state_group BIGINT NOT NULL, UNIQUE (event_id) );
+CREATE TABLE local_media_repository ( media_id TEXT, media_type TEXT, media_length INTEGER, created_ts BIGINT, upload_name TEXT, user_id TEXT, quarantined_by TEXT, url_cache TEXT, last_access_ts BIGINT, UNIQUE (media_id) );
+CREATE TABLE local_media_repository_thumbnails ( media_id TEXT, thumbnail_width INTEGER, thumbnail_height INTEGER, thumbnail_type TEXT, thumbnail_method TEXT, thumbnail_length INTEGER, UNIQUE ( media_id, thumbnail_width, thumbnail_height, thumbnail_type ) );
+CREATE INDEX local_media_repository_thumbnails_media_id ON local_media_repository_thumbnails (media_id);
+CREATE TABLE remote_media_cache ( media_origin TEXT, media_id TEXT, media_type TEXT, created_ts BIGINT, upload_name TEXT, media_length INTEGER, filesystem_id TEXT, last_access_ts BIGINT, quarantined_by TEXT, UNIQUE (media_origin, media_id) );
+CREATE TABLE remote_media_cache_thumbnails ( media_origin TEXT, media_id TEXT, thumbnail_width INTEGER, thumbnail_height INTEGER, thumbnail_method TEXT, thumbnail_type TEXT, thumbnail_length INTEGER, filesystem_id TEXT, UNIQUE ( media_origin, media_id, thumbnail_width, thumbnail_height, thumbnail_type ) );
+CREATE TABLE redactions ( event_id TEXT NOT NULL, redacts TEXT NOT NULL, UNIQUE (event_id) );
+CREATE INDEX redactions_redacts ON redactions (redacts);
+CREATE TABLE room_aliases( room_alias TEXT NOT NULL, room_id TEXT NOT NULL, creator TEXT, UNIQUE (room_alias) );
+CREATE INDEX room_aliases_id ON room_aliases(room_id);
+CREATE TABLE room_alias_servers( room_alias TEXT NOT NULL, server TEXT NOT NULL );
+CREATE INDEX room_alias_servers_alias ON room_alias_servers(room_alias);
+CREATE TABLE event_reference_hashes ( event_id TEXT, algorithm TEXT, hash bytea, UNIQUE (event_id, algorithm) );
+CREATE INDEX event_reference_hashes_id ON event_reference_hashes(event_id);
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "server_keys_json" ( server_name TEXT NOT NULL, key_id TEXT NOT NULL, from_server TEXT NOT NULL, ts_added_ms BIGINT NOT NULL, ts_valid_until_ms BIGINT NOT NULL, key_json bytea NOT NULL, CONSTRAINT server_keys_json_uniqueness UNIQUE (server_name, key_id, from_server) );
+CREATE TABLE e2e_device_keys_json ( user_id TEXT NOT NULL, device_id TEXT NOT NULL, ts_added_ms BIGINT NOT NULL, key_json TEXT NOT NULL, CONSTRAINT e2e_device_keys_json_uniqueness UNIQUE (user_id, device_id) );
+CREATE TABLE e2e_one_time_keys_json ( user_id TEXT NOT NULL, device_id TEXT NOT NULL, algorithm TEXT NOT NULL, key_id TEXT NOT NULL, ts_added_ms BIGINT NOT NULL, key_json TEXT NOT NULL, CONSTRAINT e2e_one_time_keys_json_uniqueness UNIQUE (user_id, device_id, algorithm, key_id) );
+CREATE TABLE receipts_graph( room_id TEXT NOT NULL, receipt_type TEXT NOT NULL, user_id TEXT NOT NULL, event_ids TEXT NOT NULL, data TEXT NOT NULL, CONSTRAINT receipts_graph_uniqueness UNIQUE (room_id, receipt_type, user_id) );
+CREATE TABLE receipts_linearized ( stream_id BIGINT NOT NULL, room_id TEXT NOT NULL, receipt_type TEXT NOT NULL, user_id TEXT NOT NULL, event_id TEXT NOT NULL, data TEXT NOT NULL, CONSTRAINT receipts_linearized_uniqueness UNIQUE (room_id, receipt_type, user_id) );
+CREATE INDEX receipts_linearized_id ON receipts_linearized( stream_id );
+CREATE INDEX receipts_linearized_room_stream ON receipts_linearized( room_id, stream_id );
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "user_threepids" ( user_id TEXT NOT NULL, medium TEXT NOT NULL, address TEXT NOT NULL, validated_at BIGINT NOT NULL, added_at BIGINT NOT NULL, CONSTRAINT medium_address UNIQUE (medium, address) );
+CREATE INDEX user_threepids_user_id ON user_threepids(user_id);
+CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE event_search USING fts4 ( event_id, room_id, sender, key, value )
+/* event_search(event_id,room_id,sender,"key",value) */;
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS 'event_search_content'(docid INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 'c0event_id', 'c1room_id', 'c2sender', 'c3key', 'c4value');
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS 'event_search_segments'(blockid INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, block BLOB);
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS 'event_search_segdir'(level INTEGER,idx INTEGER,start_block INTEGER,leaves_end_block INTEGER,end_block INTEGER,root BLOB,PRIMARY KEY(level, idx));
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS 'event_search_docsize'(docid INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, size BLOB);
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS 'event_search_stat'(id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, value BLOB);
+CREATE TABLE guest_access( event_id TEXT NOT NULL, room_id TEXT NOT NULL, guest_access TEXT NOT NULL, UNIQUE (event_id) );
+CREATE TABLE history_visibility( event_id TEXT NOT NULL, room_id TEXT NOT NULL, history_visibility TEXT NOT NULL, UNIQUE (event_id) );
+CREATE TABLE room_tags( user_id TEXT NOT NULL, room_id TEXT NOT NULL, tag     TEXT NOT NULL, content TEXT NOT NULL, CONSTRAINT room_tag_uniqueness UNIQUE (user_id, room_id, tag) );
+CREATE TABLE room_tags_revisions ( user_id TEXT NOT NULL, room_id TEXT NOT NULL, stream_id BIGINT NOT NULL, CONSTRAINT room_tag_revisions_uniqueness UNIQUE (user_id, room_id) );
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "account_data_max_stream_id"( Lock CHAR(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT 'X' UNIQUE, stream_id  BIGINT NOT NULL, CHECK (Lock='X') );
+CREATE TABLE account_data( user_id TEXT NOT NULL, account_data_type TEXT NOT NULL, stream_id BIGINT NOT NULL, content TEXT NOT NULL, CONSTRAINT account_data_uniqueness UNIQUE (user_id, account_data_type) );
+CREATE TABLE room_account_data( user_id TEXT NOT NULL, room_id TEXT NOT NULL, account_data_type TEXT NOT NULL, stream_id BIGINT NOT NULL, content TEXT NOT NULL, CONSTRAINT room_account_data_uniqueness UNIQUE (user_id, room_id, account_data_type) );
+CREATE INDEX account_data_stream_id on account_data(user_id, stream_id);
+CREATE INDEX room_account_data_stream_id on room_account_data(user_id, stream_id);
+CREATE INDEX events_ts ON events(origin_server_ts, stream_ordering);
+CREATE TABLE event_push_actions( room_id TEXT NOT NULL, event_id TEXT NOT NULL, user_id TEXT NOT NULL, profile_tag VARCHAR(32), actions TEXT NOT NULL, topological_ordering BIGINT, stream_ordering BIGINT, notif SMALLINT, highlight SMALLINT, CONSTRAINT event_id_user_id_profile_tag_uniqueness UNIQUE (room_id, event_id, user_id, profile_tag) );
+CREATE INDEX event_push_actions_room_id_user_id on event_push_actions(room_id, user_id);
+CREATE INDEX events_room_stream on events(room_id, stream_ordering);
+CREATE INDEX public_room_index on rooms(is_public);
+CREATE INDEX receipts_linearized_user ON receipts_linearized( user_id );
+CREATE INDEX event_push_actions_rm_tokens on event_push_actions( user_id, room_id, topological_ordering, stream_ordering );
+CREATE TABLE presence_stream( stream_id BIGINT, user_id TEXT, state TEXT, last_active_ts BIGINT, last_federation_update_ts BIGINT, last_user_sync_ts BIGINT, status_msg TEXT, currently_active BOOLEAN );
+CREATE INDEX presence_stream_id ON presence_stream(stream_id, user_id);
+CREATE INDEX presence_stream_user_id ON presence_stream(user_id);
+CREATE TABLE push_rules_stream( stream_id BIGINT NOT NULL, event_stream_ordering BIGINT NOT NULL, user_id TEXT NOT NULL, rule_id TEXT NOT NULL, op TEXT NOT NULL, priority_class SMALLINT, priority INTEGER, conditions TEXT, actions TEXT );
+CREATE INDEX push_rules_stream_id ON push_rules_stream(stream_id);
+CREATE INDEX push_rules_stream_user_stream_id on push_rules_stream(user_id, stream_id);
+CREATE TABLE ex_outlier_stream( event_stream_ordering BIGINT PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL, event_id TEXT NOT NULL, state_group BIGINT NOT NULL );
+CREATE TABLE threepid_guest_access_tokens( medium TEXT, address TEXT, guest_access_token TEXT, first_inviter TEXT );
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX threepid_guest_access_tokens_index ON threepid_guest_access_tokens(medium, address);
+CREATE TABLE local_invites( stream_id BIGINT NOT NULL, inviter TEXT NOT NULL, invitee TEXT NOT NULL, event_id TEXT NOT NULL, room_id TEXT NOT NULL, locally_rejected TEXT, replaced_by TEXT );
+CREATE INDEX local_invites_id ON local_invites(stream_id);
+CREATE INDEX local_invites_for_user_idx ON local_invites(invitee, locally_rejected, replaced_by, room_id);
+CREATE INDEX event_push_actions_stream_ordering on event_push_actions( stream_ordering, user_id );
+CREATE TABLE open_id_tokens ( token TEXT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, ts_valid_until_ms bigint NOT NULL, user_id TEXT NOT NULL, UNIQUE (token) );
+CREATE INDEX open_id_tokens_ts_valid_until_ms ON open_id_tokens(ts_valid_until_ms);
+CREATE TABLE pusher_throttle( pusher BIGINT NOT NULL, room_id TEXT NOT NULL, last_sent_ts BIGINT, throttle_ms BIGINT, PRIMARY KEY (pusher, room_id) );
+CREATE TABLE event_reports( id BIGINT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, received_ts BIGINT NOT NULL, room_id TEXT NOT NULL, event_id TEXT NOT NULL, user_id TEXT NOT NULL, reason TEXT, content TEXT );
+CREATE TABLE devices ( user_id TEXT NOT NULL, device_id TEXT NOT NULL, display_name TEXT, CONSTRAINT device_uniqueness UNIQUE (user_id, device_id) );
+CREATE TABLE appservice_stream_position( Lock CHAR(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT 'X' UNIQUE, stream_ordering BIGINT, CHECK (Lock='X') );
+CREATE TABLE device_inbox ( user_id TEXT NOT NULL, device_id TEXT NOT NULL, stream_id BIGINT NOT NULL, message_json TEXT NOT NULL );
+CREATE INDEX device_inbox_user_stream_id ON device_inbox(user_id, device_id, stream_id);
+CREATE INDEX received_transactions_ts ON received_transactions(ts);
+CREATE TABLE device_federation_outbox ( destination TEXT NOT NULL, stream_id BIGINT NOT NULL, queued_ts BIGINT NOT NULL, messages_json TEXT NOT NULL );
+CREATE INDEX device_federation_outbox_destination_id ON device_federation_outbox(destination, stream_id);
+CREATE TABLE device_federation_inbox ( origin TEXT NOT NULL, message_id TEXT NOT NULL, received_ts BIGINT NOT NULL );
+CREATE INDEX device_federation_inbox_sender_id ON device_federation_inbox(origin, message_id);
+CREATE TABLE device_max_stream_id ( stream_id BIGINT NOT NULL );
+CREATE TABLE public_room_list_stream ( stream_id BIGINT NOT NULL, room_id TEXT NOT NULL, visibility BOOLEAN NOT NULL , appservice_id TEXT, network_id TEXT);
+CREATE INDEX public_room_list_stream_idx on public_room_list_stream( stream_id );
+CREATE INDEX public_room_list_stream_rm_idx on public_room_list_stream( room_id, stream_id );
+CREATE TABLE state_group_edges( state_group BIGINT NOT NULL, prev_state_group BIGINT NOT NULL );
+CREATE INDEX state_group_edges_idx ON state_group_edges(state_group);
+CREATE INDEX state_group_edges_prev_idx ON state_group_edges(prev_state_group);
+CREATE TABLE stream_ordering_to_exterm ( stream_ordering BIGINT NOT NULL, room_id TEXT NOT NULL, event_id TEXT NOT NULL );
+CREATE INDEX stream_ordering_to_exterm_idx on stream_ordering_to_exterm( stream_ordering );
+CREATE INDEX stream_ordering_to_exterm_rm_idx on stream_ordering_to_exterm( room_id, stream_ordering );
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "event_auth"( event_id TEXT NOT NULL, auth_id TEXT NOT NULL, room_id TEXT NOT NULL );
+CREATE INDEX evauth_edges_id ON event_auth(event_id);
+CREATE INDEX user_threepids_medium_address on user_threepids (medium, address);
+CREATE TABLE appservice_room_list( appservice_id TEXT NOT NULL, network_id TEXT NOT NULL, room_id TEXT NOT NULL );
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX appservice_room_list_idx ON appservice_room_list( appservice_id, network_id, room_id );
+CREATE INDEX device_federation_outbox_id ON device_federation_outbox(stream_id);
+CREATE TABLE federation_stream_position( type TEXT NOT NULL, stream_id INTEGER NOT NULL );
+CREATE TABLE device_lists_remote_cache ( user_id TEXT NOT NULL, device_id TEXT NOT NULL, content TEXT NOT NULL );
+CREATE TABLE device_lists_remote_extremeties ( user_id TEXT NOT NULL, stream_id TEXT NOT NULL );
+CREATE TABLE device_lists_stream ( stream_id BIGINT NOT NULL, user_id TEXT NOT NULL, device_id TEXT NOT NULL );
+CREATE INDEX device_lists_stream_id ON device_lists_stream(stream_id, user_id);
+CREATE TABLE device_lists_outbound_pokes ( destination TEXT NOT NULL, stream_id BIGINT NOT NULL, user_id TEXT NOT NULL, device_id TEXT NOT NULL, sent BOOLEAN NOT NULL, ts BIGINT NOT NULL );
+CREATE INDEX device_lists_outbound_pokes_id ON device_lists_outbound_pokes(destination, stream_id);
+CREATE INDEX device_lists_outbound_pokes_user ON device_lists_outbound_pokes(destination, user_id);
+CREATE TABLE event_push_summary ( user_id TEXT NOT NULL, room_id TEXT NOT NULL, notif_count BIGINT NOT NULL, stream_ordering BIGINT NOT NULL );
+CREATE INDEX event_push_summary_user_rm ON event_push_summary(user_id, room_id);
+CREATE TABLE event_push_summary_stream_ordering ( Lock CHAR(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT 'X' UNIQUE, stream_ordering BIGINT NOT NULL, CHECK (Lock='X') );
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "pushers" ( id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY, user_name TEXT NOT NULL, access_token BIGINT DEFAULT NULL, profile_tag TEXT NOT NULL, kind TEXT NOT NULL, app_id TEXT NOT NULL, app_display_name TEXT NOT NULL, device_display_name TEXT NOT NULL, pushkey TEXT NOT NULL, ts BIGINT NOT NULL, lang TEXT, data TEXT, last_stream_ordering INTEGER, last_success BIGINT, failing_since BIGINT, UNIQUE (app_id, pushkey, user_name) );
+CREATE INDEX device_lists_outbound_pokes_stream ON device_lists_outbound_pokes(stream_id);
+CREATE TABLE ratelimit_override ( user_id TEXT NOT NULL, messages_per_second BIGINT, burst_count BIGINT );
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX ratelimit_override_idx ON ratelimit_override(user_id);
+CREATE TABLE current_state_delta_stream ( stream_id BIGINT NOT NULL, room_id TEXT NOT NULL, type TEXT NOT NULL, state_key TEXT NOT NULL, event_id TEXT, prev_event_id TEXT );
+CREATE INDEX current_state_delta_stream_idx ON current_state_delta_stream(stream_id);
+CREATE TABLE device_lists_outbound_last_success ( destination TEXT NOT NULL, user_id TEXT NOT NULL, stream_id BIGINT NOT NULL );
+CREATE INDEX device_lists_outbound_last_success_idx ON device_lists_outbound_last_success( destination, user_id, stream_id );
+CREATE TABLE user_directory_stream_pos ( Lock CHAR(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT 'X' UNIQUE, stream_id BIGINT, CHECK (Lock='X') );
+CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE user_directory_search USING fts4 ( user_id, value )
+/* user_directory_search(user_id,value) */;
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS 'user_directory_search_content'(docid INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 'c0user_id', 'c1value');
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS 'user_directory_search_segments'(blockid INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, block BLOB);
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS 'user_directory_search_segdir'(level INTEGER,idx INTEGER,start_block INTEGER,leaves_end_block INTEGER,end_block INTEGER,root BLOB,PRIMARY KEY(level, idx));
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS 'user_directory_search_docsize'(docid INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, size BLOB);
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS 'user_directory_search_stat'(id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, value BLOB);
+CREATE TABLE blocked_rooms ( room_id TEXT NOT NULL, user_id TEXT NOT NULL );
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX blocked_rooms_idx ON blocked_rooms(room_id);
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "local_media_repository_url_cache"( url TEXT, response_code INTEGER, etag TEXT, expires_ts BIGINT, og TEXT, media_id TEXT, download_ts BIGINT );
+CREATE INDEX local_media_repository_url_cache_expires_idx ON local_media_repository_url_cache(expires_ts);
+CREATE INDEX local_media_repository_url_cache_by_url_download_ts ON local_media_repository_url_cache(url, download_ts);
+CREATE INDEX local_media_repository_url_cache_media_idx ON local_media_repository_url_cache(media_id);
+CREATE TABLE group_users ( group_id TEXT NOT NULL, user_id TEXT NOT NULL, is_admin BOOLEAN NOT NULL, is_public BOOLEAN NOT NULL );
+CREATE TABLE group_invites ( group_id TEXT NOT NULL, user_id TEXT NOT NULL );
+CREATE TABLE group_rooms ( group_id TEXT NOT NULL, room_id TEXT NOT NULL, is_public BOOLEAN NOT NULL );
+CREATE TABLE group_summary_rooms ( group_id TEXT NOT NULL, room_id TEXT NOT NULL, category_id TEXT NOT NULL, room_order BIGINT NOT NULL, is_public BOOLEAN NOT NULL, UNIQUE (group_id, category_id, room_id, room_order), CHECK (room_order > 0) );
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX group_summary_rooms_g_idx ON group_summary_rooms(group_id, room_id, category_id);
+CREATE TABLE group_summary_room_categories ( group_id TEXT NOT NULL, category_id TEXT NOT NULL, cat_order BIGINT NOT NULL, UNIQUE (group_id, category_id, cat_order), CHECK (cat_order > 0) );
+CREATE TABLE group_room_categories ( group_id TEXT NOT NULL, category_id TEXT NOT NULL, profile TEXT NOT NULL, is_public BOOLEAN NOT NULL, UNIQUE (group_id, category_id) );
+CREATE TABLE group_summary_users ( group_id TEXT NOT NULL, user_id TEXT NOT NULL, role_id TEXT NOT NULL, user_order BIGINT NOT NULL, is_public BOOLEAN NOT NULL );
+CREATE INDEX group_summary_users_g_idx ON group_summary_users(group_id);
+CREATE TABLE group_summary_roles ( group_id TEXT NOT NULL, role_id TEXT NOT NULL, role_order BIGINT NOT NULL, UNIQUE (group_id, role_id, role_order), CHECK (role_order > 0) );
+CREATE TABLE group_roles ( group_id TEXT NOT NULL, role_id TEXT NOT NULL, profile TEXT NOT NULL, is_public BOOLEAN NOT NULL, UNIQUE (group_id, role_id) );
+CREATE TABLE group_attestations_renewals ( group_id TEXT NOT NULL, user_id TEXT NOT NULL, valid_until_ms BIGINT NOT NULL );
+CREATE INDEX group_attestations_renewals_g_idx ON group_attestations_renewals(group_id, user_id);
+CREATE INDEX group_attestations_renewals_u_idx ON group_attestations_renewals(user_id);
+CREATE INDEX group_attestations_renewals_v_idx ON group_attestations_renewals(valid_until_ms);
+CREATE TABLE group_attestations_remote ( group_id TEXT NOT NULL, user_id TEXT NOT NULL, valid_until_ms BIGINT NOT NULL, attestation_json TEXT NOT NULL );
+CREATE INDEX group_attestations_remote_g_idx ON group_attestations_remote(group_id, user_id);
+CREATE INDEX group_attestations_remote_u_idx ON group_attestations_remote(user_id);
+CREATE INDEX group_attestations_remote_v_idx ON group_attestations_remote(valid_until_ms);
+CREATE TABLE local_group_membership ( group_id TEXT NOT NULL, user_id TEXT NOT NULL, is_admin BOOLEAN NOT NULL, membership TEXT NOT NULL, is_publicised BOOLEAN NOT NULL, content TEXT NOT NULL );
+CREATE INDEX local_group_membership_u_idx ON local_group_membership(user_id, group_id);
+CREATE INDEX local_group_membership_g_idx ON local_group_membership(group_id);
+CREATE TABLE local_group_updates ( stream_id BIGINT NOT NULL, group_id TEXT NOT NULL, user_id TEXT NOT NULL, type TEXT NOT NULL, content TEXT NOT NULL );
+CREATE TABLE remote_profile_cache ( user_id TEXT NOT NULL, displayname TEXT, avatar_url TEXT, last_check BIGINT NOT NULL );
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX remote_profile_cache_user_id ON remote_profile_cache(user_id);
+CREATE INDEX remote_profile_cache_time ON remote_profile_cache(last_check);
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "deleted_pushers" ( stream_id BIGINT NOT NULL, app_id TEXT NOT NULL, pushkey TEXT NOT NULL, user_id TEXT NOT NULL );
+CREATE INDEX deleted_pushers_stream_id ON deleted_pushers (stream_id);
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "groups" ( group_id TEXT NOT NULL, name TEXT, avatar_url TEXT, short_description TEXT, long_description TEXT, is_public BOOL NOT NULL , join_policy TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT 'invite');
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX groups_idx ON groups(group_id);
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "user_directory" ( user_id TEXT NOT NULL, room_id TEXT, display_name TEXT, avatar_url TEXT );
+CREATE INDEX user_directory_room_idx ON user_directory(room_id);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX user_directory_user_idx ON user_directory(user_id);
+CREATE TABLE event_push_actions_staging ( event_id TEXT NOT NULL, user_id TEXT NOT NULL, actions TEXT NOT NULL, notif SMALLINT NOT NULL, highlight SMALLINT NOT NULL );
+CREATE INDEX event_push_actions_staging_id ON event_push_actions_staging(event_id);
+CREATE TABLE users_pending_deactivation ( user_id TEXT NOT NULL );
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX group_invites_g_idx ON group_invites(group_id, user_id);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX group_users_g_idx ON group_users(group_id, user_id);
+CREATE INDEX group_users_u_idx ON group_users(user_id);
+CREATE INDEX group_invites_u_idx ON group_invites(user_id);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX group_rooms_g_idx ON group_rooms(group_id, room_id);
+CREATE INDEX group_rooms_r_idx ON group_rooms(room_id);
+CREATE TABLE user_daily_visits ( user_id TEXT NOT NULL, device_id TEXT, timestamp BIGINT NOT NULL );
+CREATE INDEX user_daily_visits_uts_idx ON user_daily_visits(user_id, timestamp);
+CREATE INDEX user_daily_visits_ts_idx ON user_daily_visits(timestamp);
+CREATE TABLE erased_users ( user_id TEXT NOT NULL );
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX erased_users_user ON erased_users(user_id);
+CREATE TABLE monthly_active_users ( user_id TEXT NOT NULL, timestamp BIGINT NOT NULL );
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX monthly_active_users_users ON monthly_active_users(user_id);
+CREATE INDEX monthly_active_users_time_stamp ON monthly_active_users(timestamp);
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "e2e_room_keys_versions" ( user_id TEXT NOT NULL, version BIGINT NOT NULL, algorithm TEXT NOT NULL, auth_data TEXT NOT NULL, deleted SMALLINT DEFAULT 0 NOT NULL );
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX e2e_room_keys_versions_idx ON e2e_room_keys_versions(user_id, version);
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "e2e_room_keys" ( user_id TEXT NOT NULL, room_id TEXT NOT NULL, session_id TEXT NOT NULL, version BIGINT NOT NULL, first_message_index INT, forwarded_count INT, is_verified BOOLEAN, session_data TEXT NOT NULL );
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX e2e_room_keys_idx ON e2e_room_keys(user_id, room_id, session_id);
+CREATE TABLE users_who_share_private_rooms ( user_id TEXT NOT NULL, other_user_id TEXT NOT NULL, room_id TEXT NOT NULL );
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX users_who_share_private_rooms_u_idx ON users_who_share_private_rooms(user_id, other_user_id, room_id);
+CREATE INDEX users_who_share_private_rooms_r_idx ON users_who_share_private_rooms(room_id);
+CREATE INDEX users_who_share_private_rooms_o_idx ON users_who_share_private_rooms(other_user_id);
+CREATE TABLE user_threepid_id_server ( user_id TEXT NOT NULL, medium TEXT NOT NULL, address TEXT NOT NULL, id_server TEXT NOT NULL );
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX user_threepid_id_server_idx ON user_threepid_id_server( user_id, medium, address, id_server );
+CREATE TABLE users_in_public_rooms ( user_id TEXT NOT NULL, room_id TEXT NOT NULL );
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX users_in_public_rooms_u_idx ON users_in_public_rooms(user_id, room_id);
+CREATE TABLE account_validity ( user_id TEXT PRIMARY KEY, expiration_ts_ms BIGINT NOT NULL, email_sent BOOLEAN NOT NULL, renewal_token TEXT );
+CREATE TABLE event_relations ( event_id TEXT NOT NULL, relates_to_id TEXT NOT NULL, relation_type TEXT NOT NULL, aggregation_key TEXT );
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX event_relations_id ON event_relations(event_id);
+CREATE INDEX event_relations_relates ON event_relations(relates_to_id, relation_type, aggregation_key);
+CREATE TABLE stats_stream_pos ( Lock CHAR(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT 'X' UNIQUE, stream_id BIGINT, CHECK (Lock='X') );
+CREATE TABLE user_stats ( user_id TEXT NOT NULL, ts BIGINT NOT NULL, bucket_size INT NOT NULL, public_rooms INT NOT NULL, private_rooms INT NOT NULL );
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX user_stats_user_ts ON user_stats(user_id, ts);
+CREATE TABLE room_stats ( room_id TEXT NOT NULL, ts BIGINT NOT NULL, bucket_size INT NOT NULL, current_state_events INT NOT NULL, joined_members INT NOT NULL, invited_members INT NOT NULL, left_members INT NOT NULL, banned_members INT NOT NULL, state_events INT NOT NULL );
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX room_stats_room_ts ON room_stats(room_id, ts);
+CREATE TABLE room_state ( room_id TEXT NOT NULL, join_rules TEXT, history_visibility TEXT, encryption TEXT, name TEXT, topic TEXT, avatar TEXT, canonical_alias TEXT );
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX room_state_room ON room_state(room_id);
+CREATE TABLE room_stats_earliest_token ( room_id TEXT NOT NULL, token BIGINT NOT NULL );
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX room_stats_earliest_token_idx ON room_stats_earliest_token(room_id);
+CREATE INDEX access_tokens_device_id ON access_tokens (user_id, device_id);
+CREATE INDEX user_ips_device_id ON user_ips (user_id, device_id, last_seen);
+CREATE INDEX event_contains_url_index ON events (room_id, topological_ordering, stream_ordering);
+CREATE INDEX event_push_actions_u_highlight ON event_push_actions (user_id, stream_ordering);
+CREATE INDEX event_push_actions_highlights_index ON event_push_actions (user_id, room_id, topological_ordering, stream_ordering);
+CREATE INDEX current_state_events_member_index ON current_state_events (state_key);
+CREATE INDEX device_inbox_stream_id_user_id ON device_inbox (stream_id, user_id);
+CREATE INDEX device_lists_stream_user_id ON device_lists_stream (user_id, device_id);
+CREATE INDEX local_media_repository_url_idx ON local_media_repository (created_ts);
+CREATE INDEX user_ips_last_seen ON user_ips (user_id, last_seen);
+CREATE INDEX user_ips_last_seen_only ON user_ips (last_seen);
+CREATE INDEX users_creation_ts ON users (creation_ts);
+CREATE INDEX event_to_state_groups_sg_index ON event_to_state_groups (state_group);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX device_lists_remote_cache_unique_id ON device_lists_remote_cache (user_id, device_id);
+CREATE INDEX state_groups_state_type_idx ON state_groups_state(state_group, type, state_key);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX device_lists_remote_extremeties_unique_idx ON device_lists_remote_extremeties (user_id);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX user_ips_user_token_ip_unique_index ON user_ips (user_id, access_token, ip);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/full_schemas/54/stream_positions.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/full_schemas/54/stream_positions.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c265fd20e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/full_schemas/54/stream_positions.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+
+INSERT INTO appservice_stream_position (stream_ordering) SELECT COALESCE(MAX(stream_ordering), 0) FROM events;
+INSERT INTO federation_stream_position (type, stream_id) VALUES ('federation', -1);
+INSERT INTO federation_stream_position (type, stream_id) SELECT 'events', coalesce(max(stream_ordering), -1) FROM events;
+INSERT INTO user_directory_stream_pos (stream_id) VALUES (0);
+INSERT INTO stats_stream_pos (stream_id) VALUES (0);
+INSERT INTO event_push_summary_stream_ordering (stream_ordering) VALUES (0);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/full_schemas/README.txt b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/full_schemas/README.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d3f6401344
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/full_schemas/README.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+Building full schema dumps
+==========================
+
+These schemas need to be made from a database that has had all background updates run.
+
+Postgres
+--------
+
+$ pg_dump --format=plain --schema-only --no-tablespaces --no-acl --no-owner $DATABASE_NAME| sed -e '/^--/d' -e 's/public\.//g' -e '/^SET /d' -e '/^SELECT /d' > full.sql.postgres
+
+SQLite
+------
+
+$ sqlite3 $DATABASE_FILE ".schema" > full.sql.sqlite
+
+After
+-----
+
+Delete the CREATE statements for "sqlite_stat1", "schema_version", "applied_schema_deltas", and "applied_module_schemas".
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/search.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/search.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0e08497452
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/search.py
@@ -0,0 +1,712 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import logging
+import re
+from collections import namedtuple
+
+from six import string_types
+
+from canonicaljson import json
+
+from twisted.internet import defer
+
+from synapse.api.errors import SynapseError
+from synapse.storage._base import make_in_list_sql_clause
+from synapse.storage.background_updates import BackgroundUpdateStore
+from synapse.storage.engines import PostgresEngine, Sqlite3Engine
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+SearchEntry = namedtuple(
+    "SearchEntry",
+    ["key", "value", "event_id", "room_id", "stream_ordering", "origin_server_ts"],
+)
+
+
+class SearchBackgroundUpdateStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
+
+    EVENT_SEARCH_UPDATE_NAME = "event_search"
+    EVENT_SEARCH_ORDER_UPDATE_NAME = "event_search_order"
+    EVENT_SEARCH_USE_GIST_POSTGRES_NAME = "event_search_postgres_gist"
+    EVENT_SEARCH_USE_GIN_POSTGRES_NAME = "event_search_postgres_gin"
+
+    def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
+        super(SearchBackgroundUpdateStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
+
+        if not hs.config.enable_search:
+            return
+
+        self.register_background_update_handler(
+            self.EVENT_SEARCH_UPDATE_NAME, self._background_reindex_search
+        )
+        self.register_background_update_handler(
+            self.EVENT_SEARCH_ORDER_UPDATE_NAME, self._background_reindex_search_order
+        )
+
+        # we used to have a background update to turn the GIN index into a
+        # GIST one; we no longer do that (obviously) because we actually want
+        # a GIN index. However, it's possible that some people might still have
+        # the background update queued, so we register a handler to clear the
+        # background update.
+        self.register_noop_background_update(self.EVENT_SEARCH_USE_GIST_POSTGRES_NAME)
+
+        self.register_background_update_handler(
+            self.EVENT_SEARCH_USE_GIN_POSTGRES_NAME, self._background_reindex_gin_search
+        )
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def _background_reindex_search(self, progress, batch_size):
+        # we work through the events table from highest stream id to lowest
+        target_min_stream_id = progress["target_min_stream_id_inclusive"]
+        max_stream_id = progress["max_stream_id_exclusive"]
+        rows_inserted = progress.get("rows_inserted", 0)
+
+        TYPES = ["m.room.name", "m.room.message", "m.room.topic"]
+
+        def reindex_search_txn(txn):
+            sql = (
+                "SELECT stream_ordering, event_id, room_id, type, json, "
+                " origin_server_ts FROM events"
+                " JOIN event_json USING (room_id, event_id)"
+                " WHERE ? <= stream_ordering AND stream_ordering < ?"
+                " AND (%s)"
+                " ORDER BY stream_ordering DESC"
+                " LIMIT ?"
+            ) % (" OR ".join("type = '%s'" % (t,) for t in TYPES),)
+
+            txn.execute(sql, (target_min_stream_id, max_stream_id, batch_size))
+
+            # we could stream straight from the results into
+            # store_search_entries_txn with a generator function, but that
+            # would mean having two cursors open on the database at once.
+            # Instead we just build a list of results.
+            rows = self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
+            if not rows:
+                return 0
+
+            min_stream_id = rows[-1]["stream_ordering"]
+
+            event_search_rows = []
+            for row in rows:
+                try:
+                    event_id = row["event_id"]
+                    room_id = row["room_id"]
+                    etype = row["type"]
+                    stream_ordering = row["stream_ordering"]
+                    origin_server_ts = row["origin_server_ts"]
+                    try:
+                        event_json = json.loads(row["json"])
+                        content = event_json["content"]
+                    except Exception:
+                        continue
+
+                    if etype == "m.room.message":
+                        key = "content.body"
+                        value = content["body"]
+                    elif etype == "m.room.topic":
+                        key = "content.topic"
+                        value = content["topic"]
+                    elif etype == "m.room.name":
+                        key = "content.name"
+                        value = content["name"]
+                    else:
+                        raise Exception("unexpected event type %s" % etype)
+                except (KeyError, AttributeError):
+                    # If the event is missing a necessary field then
+                    # skip over it.
+                    continue
+
+                if not isinstance(value, string_types):
+                    # If the event body, name or topic isn't a string
+                    # then skip over it
+                    continue
+
+                event_search_rows.append(
+                    SearchEntry(
+                        key=key,
+                        value=value,
+                        event_id=event_id,
+                        room_id=room_id,
+                        stream_ordering=stream_ordering,
+                        origin_server_ts=origin_server_ts,
+                    )
+                )
+
+            self.store_search_entries_txn(txn, event_search_rows)
+
+            progress = {
+                "target_min_stream_id_inclusive": target_min_stream_id,
+                "max_stream_id_exclusive": min_stream_id,
+                "rows_inserted": rows_inserted + len(event_search_rows),
+            }
+
+            self._background_update_progress_txn(
+                txn, self.EVENT_SEARCH_UPDATE_NAME, progress
+            )
+
+            return len(event_search_rows)
+
+        result = yield self.runInteraction(
+            self.EVENT_SEARCH_UPDATE_NAME, reindex_search_txn
+        )
+
+        if not result:
+            yield self._end_background_update(self.EVENT_SEARCH_UPDATE_NAME)
+
+        return result
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def _background_reindex_gin_search(self, progress, batch_size):
+        """This handles old synapses which used GIST indexes, if any;
+        converting them back to be GIN as per the actual schema.
+        """
+
+        def create_index(conn):
+            conn.rollback()
+
+            # we have to set autocommit, because postgres refuses to
+            # CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY without it.
+            conn.set_session(autocommit=True)
+
+            try:
+                c = conn.cursor()
+
+                # if we skipped the conversion to GIST, we may already/still
+                # have an event_search_fts_idx; unfortunately postgres 9.4
+                # doesn't support CREATE INDEX IF EXISTS so we just catch the
+                # exception and ignore it.
+                import psycopg2
+
+                try:
+                    c.execute(
+                        "CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY event_search_fts_idx"
+                        " ON event_search USING GIN (vector)"
+                    )
+                except psycopg2.ProgrammingError as e:
+                    logger.warn(
+                        "Ignoring error %r when trying to switch from GIST to GIN", e
+                    )
+
+                # we should now be able to delete the GIST index.
+                c.execute("DROP INDEX IF EXISTS event_search_fts_idx_gist")
+            finally:
+                conn.set_session(autocommit=False)
+
+        if isinstance(self.database_engine, PostgresEngine):
+            yield self.runWithConnection(create_index)
+
+        yield self._end_background_update(self.EVENT_SEARCH_USE_GIN_POSTGRES_NAME)
+        return 1
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def _background_reindex_search_order(self, progress, batch_size):
+        target_min_stream_id = progress["target_min_stream_id_inclusive"]
+        max_stream_id = progress["max_stream_id_exclusive"]
+        rows_inserted = progress.get("rows_inserted", 0)
+        have_added_index = progress["have_added_indexes"]
+
+        if not have_added_index:
+
+            def create_index(conn):
+                conn.rollback()
+                conn.set_session(autocommit=True)
+                c = conn.cursor()
+
+                # We create with NULLS FIRST so that when we search *backwards*
+                # we get the ones with non null origin_server_ts *first*
+                c.execute(
+                    "CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY event_search_room_order ON event_search("
+                    "room_id, origin_server_ts NULLS FIRST, stream_ordering NULLS FIRST)"
+                )
+                c.execute(
+                    "CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY event_search_order ON event_search("
+                    "origin_server_ts NULLS FIRST, stream_ordering NULLS FIRST)"
+                )
+                conn.set_session(autocommit=False)
+
+            yield self.runWithConnection(create_index)
+
+            pg = dict(progress)
+            pg["have_added_indexes"] = True
+
+            yield self.runInteraction(
+                self.EVENT_SEARCH_ORDER_UPDATE_NAME,
+                self._background_update_progress_txn,
+                self.EVENT_SEARCH_ORDER_UPDATE_NAME,
+                pg,
+            )
+
+        def reindex_search_txn(txn):
+            sql = (
+                "UPDATE event_search AS es SET stream_ordering = e.stream_ordering,"
+                " origin_server_ts = e.origin_server_ts"
+                " FROM events AS e"
+                " WHERE e.event_id = es.event_id"
+                " AND ? <= e.stream_ordering AND e.stream_ordering < ?"
+                " RETURNING es.stream_ordering"
+            )
+
+            min_stream_id = max_stream_id - batch_size
+            txn.execute(sql, (min_stream_id, max_stream_id))
+            rows = txn.fetchall()
+
+            if min_stream_id < target_min_stream_id:
+                # We've recached the end.
+                return len(rows), False
+
+            progress = {
+                "target_min_stream_id_inclusive": target_min_stream_id,
+                "max_stream_id_exclusive": min_stream_id,
+                "rows_inserted": rows_inserted + len(rows),
+                "have_added_indexes": True,
+            }
+
+            self._background_update_progress_txn(
+                txn, self.EVENT_SEARCH_ORDER_UPDATE_NAME, progress
+            )
+
+            return len(rows), True
+
+        num_rows, finished = yield self.runInteraction(
+            self.EVENT_SEARCH_ORDER_UPDATE_NAME, reindex_search_txn
+        )
+
+        if not finished:
+            yield self._end_background_update(self.EVENT_SEARCH_ORDER_UPDATE_NAME)
+
+        return num_rows
+
+    def store_search_entries_txn(self, txn, entries):
+        """Add entries to the search table
+
+        Args:
+            txn (cursor):
+            entries (iterable[SearchEntry]):
+                entries to be added to the table
+        """
+        if not self.hs.config.enable_search:
+            return
+        if isinstance(self.database_engine, PostgresEngine):
+            sql = (
+                "INSERT INTO event_search"
+                " (event_id, room_id, key, vector, stream_ordering, origin_server_ts)"
+                " VALUES (?,?,?,to_tsvector('english', ?),?,?)"
+            )
+
+            args = (
+                (
+                    entry.event_id,
+                    entry.room_id,
+                    entry.key,
+                    entry.value,
+                    entry.stream_ordering,
+                    entry.origin_server_ts,
+                )
+                for entry in entries
+            )
+
+            txn.executemany(sql, args)
+
+        elif isinstance(self.database_engine, Sqlite3Engine):
+            sql = (
+                "INSERT INTO event_search (event_id, room_id, key, value)"
+                " VALUES (?,?,?,?)"
+            )
+            args = (
+                (entry.event_id, entry.room_id, entry.key, entry.value)
+                for entry in entries
+            )
+
+            txn.executemany(sql, args)
+        else:
+            # This should be unreachable.
+            raise Exception("Unrecognized database engine")
+
+
+class SearchStore(SearchBackgroundUpdateStore):
+    def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
+        super(SearchStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
+
+    def store_event_search_txn(self, txn, event, key, value):
+        """Add event to the search table
+
+        Args:
+            txn (cursor):
+            event (EventBase):
+            key (str):
+            value (str):
+        """
+        self.store_search_entries_txn(
+            txn,
+            (
+                SearchEntry(
+                    key=key,
+                    value=value,
+                    event_id=event.event_id,
+                    room_id=event.room_id,
+                    stream_ordering=event.internal_metadata.stream_ordering,
+                    origin_server_ts=event.origin_server_ts,
+                ),
+            ),
+        )
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def search_msgs(self, room_ids, search_term, keys):
+        """Performs a full text search over events with given keys.
+
+        Args:
+            room_ids (list): List of room ids to search in
+            search_term (str): Search term to search for
+            keys (list): List of keys to search in, currently supports
+                "content.body", "content.name", "content.topic"
+
+        Returns:
+            list of dicts
+        """
+        clauses = []
+
+        search_query = search_query = _parse_query(self.database_engine, search_term)
+
+        args = []
+
+        # Make sure we don't explode because the person is in too many rooms.
+        # We filter the results below regardless.
+        if len(room_ids) < 500:
+            clause, args = make_in_list_sql_clause(
+                self.database_engine, "room_id", room_ids
+            )
+            clauses = [clause]
+
+        local_clauses = []
+        for key in keys:
+            local_clauses.append("key = ?")
+            args.append(key)
+
+        clauses.append("(%s)" % (" OR ".join(local_clauses),))
+
+        count_args = args
+        count_clauses = clauses
+
+        if isinstance(self.database_engine, PostgresEngine):
+            sql = (
+                "SELECT ts_rank_cd(vector, to_tsquery('english', ?)) AS rank,"
+                " room_id, event_id"
+                " FROM event_search"
+                " WHERE vector @@ to_tsquery('english', ?)"
+            )
+            args = [search_query, search_query] + args
+
+            count_sql = (
+                "SELECT room_id, count(*) as count FROM event_search"
+                " WHERE vector @@ to_tsquery('english', ?)"
+            )
+            count_args = [search_query] + count_args
+        elif isinstance(self.database_engine, Sqlite3Engine):
+            sql = (
+                "SELECT rank(matchinfo(event_search)) as rank, room_id, event_id"
+                " FROM event_search"
+                " WHERE value MATCH ?"
+            )
+            args = [search_query] + args
+
+            count_sql = (
+                "SELECT room_id, count(*) as count FROM event_search"
+                " WHERE value MATCH ?"
+            )
+            count_args = [search_term] + count_args
+        else:
+            # This should be unreachable.
+            raise Exception("Unrecognized database engine")
+
+        for clause in clauses:
+            sql += " AND " + clause
+
+        for clause in count_clauses:
+            count_sql += " AND " + clause
+
+        # We add an arbitrary limit here to ensure we don't try to pull the
+        # entire table from the database.
+        sql += " ORDER BY rank DESC LIMIT 500"
+
+        results = yield self._execute("search_msgs", self.cursor_to_dict, sql, *args)
+
+        results = list(filter(lambda row: row["room_id"] in room_ids, results))
+
+        events = yield self.get_events_as_list([r["event_id"] for r in results])
+
+        event_map = {ev.event_id: ev for ev in events}
+
+        highlights = None
+        if isinstance(self.database_engine, PostgresEngine):
+            highlights = yield self._find_highlights_in_postgres(search_query, events)
+
+        count_sql += " GROUP BY room_id"
+
+        count_results = yield self._execute(
+            "search_rooms_count", self.cursor_to_dict, count_sql, *count_args
+        )
+
+        count = sum(row["count"] for row in count_results if row["room_id"] in room_ids)
+
+        return {
+            "results": [
+                {"event": event_map[r["event_id"]], "rank": r["rank"]}
+                for r in results
+                if r["event_id"] in event_map
+            ],
+            "highlights": highlights,
+            "count": count,
+        }
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def search_rooms(self, room_ids, search_term, keys, limit, pagination_token=None):
+        """Performs a full text search over events with given keys.
+
+        Args:
+            room_id (list): The room_ids to search in
+            search_term (str): Search term to search for
+            keys (list): List of keys to search in, currently supports
+                "content.body", "content.name", "content.topic"
+            pagination_token (str): A pagination token previously returned
+
+        Returns:
+            list of dicts
+        """
+        clauses = []
+
+        search_query = search_query = _parse_query(self.database_engine, search_term)
+
+        args = []
+
+        # Make sure we don't explode because the person is in too many rooms.
+        # We filter the results below regardless.
+        if len(room_ids) < 500:
+            clause, args = make_in_list_sql_clause(
+                self.database_engine, "room_id", room_ids
+            )
+            clauses = [clause]
+
+        local_clauses = []
+        for key in keys:
+            local_clauses.append("key = ?")
+            args.append(key)
+
+        clauses.append("(%s)" % (" OR ".join(local_clauses),))
+
+        # take copies of the current args and clauses lists, before adding
+        # pagination clauses to main query.
+        count_args = list(args)
+        count_clauses = list(clauses)
+
+        if pagination_token:
+            try:
+                origin_server_ts, stream = pagination_token.split(",")
+                origin_server_ts = int(origin_server_ts)
+                stream = int(stream)
+            except Exception:
+                raise SynapseError(400, "Invalid pagination token")
+
+            clauses.append(
+                "(origin_server_ts < ?"
+                " OR (origin_server_ts = ? AND stream_ordering < ?))"
+            )
+            args.extend([origin_server_ts, origin_server_ts, stream])
+
+        if isinstance(self.database_engine, PostgresEngine):
+            sql = (
+                "SELECT ts_rank_cd(vector, to_tsquery('english', ?)) as rank,"
+                " origin_server_ts, stream_ordering, room_id, event_id"
+                " FROM event_search"
+                " WHERE vector @@ to_tsquery('english', ?) AND "
+            )
+            args = [search_query, search_query] + args
+
+            count_sql = (
+                "SELECT room_id, count(*) as count FROM event_search"
+                " WHERE vector @@ to_tsquery('english', ?) AND "
+            )
+            count_args = [search_query] + count_args
+        elif isinstance(self.database_engine, Sqlite3Engine):
+            # We use CROSS JOIN here to ensure we use the right indexes.
+            # https://sqlite.org/optoverview.html#crossjoin
+            #
+            # We want to use the full text search index on event_search to
+            # extract all possible matches first, then lookup those matches
+            # in the events table to get the topological ordering. We need
+            # to use the indexes in this order because sqlite refuses to
+            # MATCH unless it uses the full text search index
+            sql = (
+                "SELECT rank(matchinfo) as rank, room_id, event_id,"
+                " origin_server_ts, stream_ordering"
+                " FROM (SELECT key, event_id, matchinfo(event_search) as matchinfo"
+                " FROM event_search"
+                " WHERE value MATCH ?"
+                " )"
+                " CROSS JOIN events USING (event_id)"
+                " WHERE "
+            )
+            args = [search_query] + args
+
+            count_sql = (
+                "SELECT room_id, count(*) as count FROM event_search"
+                " WHERE value MATCH ? AND "
+            )
+            count_args = [search_term] + count_args
+        else:
+            # This should be unreachable.
+            raise Exception("Unrecognized database engine")
+
+        sql += " AND ".join(clauses)
+        count_sql += " AND ".join(count_clauses)
+
+        # We add an arbitrary limit here to ensure we don't try to pull the
+        # entire table from the database.
+        if isinstance(self.database_engine, PostgresEngine):
+            sql += (
+                " ORDER BY origin_server_ts DESC NULLS LAST,"
+                " stream_ordering DESC NULLS LAST LIMIT ?"
+            )
+        elif isinstance(self.database_engine, Sqlite3Engine):
+            sql += " ORDER BY origin_server_ts DESC, stream_ordering DESC LIMIT ?"
+        else:
+            raise Exception("Unrecognized database engine")
+
+        args.append(limit)
+
+        results = yield self._execute("search_rooms", self.cursor_to_dict, sql, *args)
+
+        results = list(filter(lambda row: row["room_id"] in room_ids, results))
+
+        events = yield self.get_events_as_list([r["event_id"] for r in results])
+
+        event_map = {ev.event_id: ev for ev in events}
+
+        highlights = None
+        if isinstance(self.database_engine, PostgresEngine):
+            highlights = yield self._find_highlights_in_postgres(search_query, events)
+
+        count_sql += " GROUP BY room_id"
+
+        count_results = yield self._execute(
+            "search_rooms_count", self.cursor_to_dict, count_sql, *count_args
+        )
+
+        count = sum(row["count"] for row in count_results if row["room_id"] in room_ids)
+
+        return {
+            "results": [
+                {
+                    "event": event_map[r["event_id"]],
+                    "rank": r["rank"],
+                    "pagination_token": "%s,%s"
+                    % (r["origin_server_ts"], r["stream_ordering"]),
+                }
+                for r in results
+                if r["event_id"] in event_map
+            ],
+            "highlights": highlights,
+            "count": count,
+        }
+
+    def _find_highlights_in_postgres(self, search_query, events):
+        """Given a list of events and a search term, return a list of words
+        that match from the content of the event.
+
+        This is used to give a list of words that clients can match against to
+        highlight the matching parts.
+
+        Args:
+            search_query (str)
+            events (list): A list of events
+
+        Returns:
+            deferred : A set of strings.
+        """
+
+        def f(txn):
+            highlight_words = set()
+            for event in events:
+                # As a hack we simply join values of all possible keys. This is
+                # fine since we're only using them to find possible highlights.
+                values = []
+                for key in ("body", "name", "topic"):
+                    v = event.content.get(key, None)
+                    if v:
+                        values.append(v)
+
+                if not values:
+                    continue
+
+                value = " ".join(values)
+
+                # We need to find some values for StartSel and StopSel that
+                # aren't in the value so that we can pick results out.
+                start_sel = "<"
+                stop_sel = ">"
+
+                while start_sel in value:
+                    start_sel += "<"
+                while stop_sel in value:
+                    stop_sel += ">"
+
+                query = "SELECT ts_headline(?, to_tsquery('english', ?), %s)" % (
+                    _to_postgres_options(
+                        {
+                            "StartSel": start_sel,
+                            "StopSel": stop_sel,
+                            "MaxFragments": "50",
+                        }
+                    )
+                )
+                txn.execute(query, (value, search_query))
+                headline, = txn.fetchall()[0]
+
+                # Now we need to pick the possible highlights out of the haedline
+                # result.
+                matcher_regex = "%s(.*?)%s" % (
+                    re.escape(start_sel),
+                    re.escape(stop_sel),
+                )
+
+                res = re.findall(matcher_regex, headline)
+                highlight_words.update([r.lower() for r in res])
+
+            return highlight_words
+
+        return self.runInteraction("_find_highlights", f)
+
+
+def _to_postgres_options(options_dict):
+    return "'%s'" % (",".join("%s=%s" % (k, v) for k, v in options_dict.items()),)
+
+
+def _parse_query(database_engine, search_term):
+    """Takes a plain unicode string from the user and converts it into a form
+    that can be passed to database.
+    We use this so that we can add prefix matching, which isn't something
+    that is supported by default.
+    """
+
+    # Pull out the individual words, discarding any non-word characters.
+    results = re.findall(r"([\w\-]+)", search_term, re.UNICODE)
+
+    if isinstance(database_engine, PostgresEngine):
+        return " & ".join(result + ":*" for result in results)
+    elif isinstance(database_engine, Sqlite3Engine):
+        return " & ".join(result + "*" for result in results)
+    else:
+        # This should be unreachable.
+        raise Exception("Unrecognized database engine")
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/signatures.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/signatures.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..556191b76f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/signatures.py
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import six
+
+from unpaddedbase64 import encode_base64
+
+from twisted.internet import defer
+
+from synapse.crypto.event_signing import compute_event_reference_hash
+from synapse.storage._base import SQLBaseStore
+from synapse.util.caches.descriptors import cached, cachedList
+
+# py2 sqlite has buffer hardcoded as only binary type, so we must use it,
+# despite being deprecated and removed in favor of memoryview
+if six.PY2:
+    db_binary_type = six.moves.builtins.buffer
+else:
+    db_binary_type = memoryview
+
+
+class SignatureWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
+    @cached()
+    def get_event_reference_hash(self, event_id):
+        # This is a dummy function to allow get_event_reference_hashes
+        # to use its cache
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    @cachedList(
+        cached_method_name="get_event_reference_hash", list_name="event_ids", num_args=1
+    )
+    def get_event_reference_hashes(self, event_ids):
+        def f(txn):
+            return {
+                event_id: self._get_event_reference_hashes_txn(txn, event_id)
+                for event_id in event_ids
+            }
+
+        return self.runInteraction("get_event_reference_hashes", f)
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def add_event_hashes(self, event_ids):
+        hashes = yield self.get_event_reference_hashes(event_ids)
+        hashes = {
+            e_id: {k: encode_base64(v) for k, v in h.items() if k == "sha256"}
+            for e_id, h in hashes.items()
+        }
+
+        return list(hashes.items())
+
+    def _get_event_reference_hashes_txn(self, txn, event_id):
+        """Get all the hashes for a given PDU.
+        Args:
+            txn (cursor):
+            event_id (str): Id for the Event.
+        Returns:
+            A dict[unicode, bytes] of algorithm -> hash.
+        """
+        query = (
+            "SELECT algorithm, hash"
+            " FROM event_reference_hashes"
+            " WHERE event_id = ?"
+        )
+        txn.execute(query, (event_id,))
+        return {k: v for k, v in txn}
+
+
+class SignatureStore(SignatureWorkerStore):
+    """Persistence for event signatures and hashes"""
+
+    def _store_event_reference_hashes_txn(self, txn, events):
+        """Store a hash for a PDU
+        Args:
+            txn (cursor):
+            events (list): list of Events.
+        """
+
+        vals = []
+        for event in events:
+            ref_alg, ref_hash_bytes = compute_event_reference_hash(event)
+            vals.append(
+                {
+                    "event_id": event.event_id,
+                    "algorithm": ref_alg,
+                    "hash": db_binary_type(ref_hash_bytes),
+                }
+            )
+
+        self._simple_insert_many_txn(txn, table="event_reference_hashes", values=vals)
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/state.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/state.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d54442e5fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/state.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1244 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import logging
+from collections import namedtuple
+
+from six import iteritems, itervalues
+from six.moves import range
+
+from twisted.internet import defer
+
+from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes
+from synapse.api.errors import NotFoundError
+from synapse.storage._base import SQLBaseStore
+from synapse.storage.background_updates import BackgroundUpdateStore
+from synapse.storage.data_stores.main.events_worker import EventsWorkerStore
+from synapse.storage.engines import PostgresEngine
+from synapse.storage.state import StateFilter
+from synapse.util.caches import get_cache_factor_for, intern_string
+from synapse.util.caches.descriptors import cached, cachedList
+from synapse.util.caches.dictionary_cache import DictionaryCache
+from synapse.util.stringutils import to_ascii
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+MAX_STATE_DELTA_HOPS = 100
+
+
+class _GetStateGroupDelta(
+    namedtuple("_GetStateGroupDelta", ("prev_group", "delta_ids"))
+):
+    """Return type of get_state_group_delta that implements __len__, which lets
+    us use the itrable flag when caching
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = []
+
+    def __len__(self):
+        return len(self.delta_ids) if self.delta_ids else 0
+
+
+class StateGroupBackgroundUpdateStore(SQLBaseStore):
+    """Defines functions related to state groups needed to run the state backgroud
+    updates.
+    """
+
+    def _count_state_group_hops_txn(self, txn, state_group):
+        """Given a state group, count how many hops there are in the tree.
+
+        This is used to ensure the delta chains don't get too long.
+        """
+        if isinstance(self.database_engine, PostgresEngine):
+            sql = """
+                WITH RECURSIVE state(state_group) AS (
+                    VALUES(?::bigint)
+                    UNION ALL
+                    SELECT prev_state_group FROM state_group_edges e, state s
+                    WHERE s.state_group = e.state_group
+                )
+                SELECT count(*) FROM state;
+            """
+
+            txn.execute(sql, (state_group,))
+            row = txn.fetchone()
+            if row and row[0]:
+                return row[0]
+            else:
+                return 0
+        else:
+            # We don't use WITH RECURSIVE on sqlite3 as there are distributions
+            # that ship with an sqlite3 version that doesn't support it (e.g. wheezy)
+            next_group = state_group
+            count = 0
+
+            while next_group:
+                next_group = self._simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
+                    txn,
+                    table="state_group_edges",
+                    keyvalues={"state_group": next_group},
+                    retcol="prev_state_group",
+                    allow_none=True,
+                )
+                if next_group:
+                    count += 1
+
+            return count
+
+    def _get_state_groups_from_groups_txn(
+        self, txn, groups, state_filter=StateFilter.all()
+    ):
+        results = {group: {} for group in groups}
+
+        where_clause, where_args = state_filter.make_sql_filter_clause()
+
+        # Unless the filter clause is empty, we're going to append it after an
+        # existing where clause
+        if where_clause:
+            where_clause = " AND (%s)" % (where_clause,)
+
+        if isinstance(self.database_engine, PostgresEngine):
+            # Temporarily disable sequential scans in this transaction. This is
+            # a temporary hack until we can add the right indices in
+            txn.execute("SET LOCAL enable_seqscan=off")
+
+            # The below query walks the state_group tree so that the "state"
+            # table includes all state_groups in the tree. It then joins
+            # against `state_groups_state` to fetch the latest state.
+            # It assumes that previous state groups are always numerically
+            # lesser.
+            # The PARTITION is used to get the event_id in the greatest state
+            # group for the given type, state_key.
+            # This may return multiple rows per (type, state_key), but last_value
+            # should be the same.
+            sql = """
+                WITH RECURSIVE state(state_group) AS (
+                    VALUES(?::bigint)
+                    UNION ALL
+                    SELECT prev_state_group FROM state_group_edges e, state s
+                    WHERE s.state_group = e.state_group
+                )
+                SELECT DISTINCT type, state_key, last_value(event_id) OVER (
+                    PARTITION BY type, state_key ORDER BY state_group ASC
+                    ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING
+                ) AS event_id FROM state_groups_state
+                WHERE state_group IN (
+                    SELECT state_group FROM state
+                )
+            """
+
+            for group in groups:
+                args = [group]
+                args.extend(where_args)
+
+                txn.execute(sql + where_clause, args)
+                for row in txn:
+                    typ, state_key, event_id = row
+                    key = (typ, state_key)
+                    results[group][key] = event_id
+        else:
+            max_entries_returned = state_filter.max_entries_returned()
+
+            # We don't use WITH RECURSIVE on sqlite3 as there are distributions
+            # that ship with an sqlite3 version that doesn't support it (e.g. wheezy)
+            for group in groups:
+                next_group = group
+
+                while next_group:
+                    # We did this before by getting the list of group ids, and
+                    # then passing that list to sqlite to get latest event for
+                    # each (type, state_key). However, that was terribly slow
+                    # without the right indices (which we can't add until
+                    # after we finish deduping state, which requires this func)
+                    args = [next_group]
+                    args.extend(where_args)
+
+                    txn.execute(
+                        "SELECT type, state_key, event_id FROM state_groups_state"
+                        " WHERE state_group = ? " + where_clause,
+                        args,
+                    )
+                    results[group].update(
+                        ((typ, state_key), event_id)
+                        for typ, state_key, event_id in txn
+                        if (typ, state_key) not in results[group]
+                    )
+
+                    # If the number of entries in the (type,state_key)->event_id dict
+                    # matches the number of (type,state_keys) types we were searching
+                    # for, then we must have found them all, so no need to go walk
+                    # further down the tree... UNLESS our types filter contained
+                    # wildcards (i.e. Nones) in which case we have to do an exhaustive
+                    # search
+                    if (
+                        max_entries_returned is not None
+                        and len(results[group]) == max_entries_returned
+                    ):
+                        break
+
+                    next_group = self._simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
+                        txn,
+                        table="state_group_edges",
+                        keyvalues={"state_group": next_group},
+                        retcol="prev_state_group",
+                        allow_none=True,
+                    )
+
+        return results
+
+
+# this inherits from EventsWorkerStore because it calls self.get_events
+class StateGroupWorkerStore(
+    EventsWorkerStore, StateGroupBackgroundUpdateStore, SQLBaseStore
+):
+    """The parts of StateGroupStore that can be called from workers.
+    """
+
+    STATE_GROUP_DEDUPLICATION_UPDATE_NAME = "state_group_state_deduplication"
+    STATE_GROUP_INDEX_UPDATE_NAME = "state_group_state_type_index"
+    CURRENT_STATE_INDEX_UPDATE_NAME = "current_state_members_idx"
+
+    def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
+        super(StateGroupWorkerStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
+
+        # Originally the state store used a single DictionaryCache to cache the
+        # event IDs for the state types in a given state group to avoid hammering
+        # on the state_group* tables.
+        #
+        # The point of using a DictionaryCache is that it can cache a subset
+        # of the state events for a given state group (i.e. a subset of the keys for a
+        # given dict which is an entry in the cache for a given state group ID).
+        #
+        # However, this poses problems when performing complicated queries
+        # on the store - for instance: "give me all the state for this group, but
+        # limit members to this subset of users", as DictionaryCache's API isn't
+        # rich enough to say "please cache any of these fields, apart from this subset".
+        # This is problematic when lazy loading members, which requires this behaviour,
+        # as without it the cache has no choice but to speculatively load all
+        # state events for the group, which negates the efficiency being sought.
+        #
+        # Rather than overcomplicating DictionaryCache's API, we instead split the
+        # state_group_cache into two halves - one for tracking non-member events,
+        # and the other for tracking member_events.  This means that lazy loading
+        # queries can be made in a cache-friendly manner by querying both caches
+        # separately and then merging the result.  So for the example above, you
+        # would query the members cache for a specific subset of state keys
+        # (which DictionaryCache will handle efficiently and fine) and the non-members
+        # cache for all state (which DictionaryCache will similarly handle fine)
+        # and then just merge the results together.
+        #
+        # We size the non-members cache to be smaller than the members cache as the
+        # vast majority of state in Matrix (today) is member events.
+
+        self._state_group_cache = DictionaryCache(
+            "*stateGroupCache*",
+            # TODO: this hasn't been tuned yet
+            50000 * get_cache_factor_for("stateGroupCache"),
+        )
+        self._state_group_members_cache = DictionaryCache(
+            "*stateGroupMembersCache*",
+            500000 * get_cache_factor_for("stateGroupMembersCache"),
+        )
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_room_version(self, room_id):
+        """Get the room_version of a given room
+
+        Args:
+            room_id (str)
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred[str]
+
+        Raises:
+            NotFoundError if the room is unknown
+        """
+        # for now we do this by looking at the create event. We may want to cache this
+        # more intelligently in future.
+
+        # Retrieve the room's create event
+        create_event = yield self.get_create_event_for_room(room_id)
+        return create_event.content.get("room_version", "1")
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_room_predecessor(self, room_id):
+        """Get the predecessor room of an upgraded room if one exists.
+        Otherwise return None.
+
+        Args:
+            room_id (str)
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred[unicode|None]: predecessor room id
+
+        Raises:
+            NotFoundError if the room is unknown
+        """
+        # Retrieve the room's create event
+        create_event = yield self.get_create_event_for_room(room_id)
+
+        # Return predecessor if present
+        return create_event.content.get("predecessor", None)
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_create_event_for_room(self, room_id):
+        """Get the create state event for a room.
+
+        Args:
+            room_id (str)
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred[EventBase]: The room creation event.
+
+        Raises:
+            NotFoundError if the room is unknown
+        """
+        state_ids = yield self.get_current_state_ids(room_id)
+        create_id = state_ids.get((EventTypes.Create, ""))
+
+        # If we can't find the create event, assume we've hit a dead end
+        if not create_id:
+            raise NotFoundError("Unknown room %s" % (room_id))
+
+        # Retrieve the room's create event and return
+        create_event = yield self.get_event(create_id)
+        return create_event
+
+    @cached(max_entries=100000, iterable=True)
+    def get_current_state_ids(self, room_id):
+        """Get the current state event ids for a room based on the
+        current_state_events table.
+
+        Args:
+            room_id (str)
+
+        Returns:
+            deferred: dict of (type, state_key) -> event_id
+        """
+
+        def _get_current_state_ids_txn(txn):
+            txn.execute(
+                """SELECT type, state_key, event_id FROM current_state_events
+                WHERE room_id = ?
+                """,
+                (room_id,),
+            )
+
+            return {
+                (intern_string(r[0]), intern_string(r[1])): to_ascii(r[2]) for r in txn
+            }
+
+        return self.runInteraction("get_current_state_ids", _get_current_state_ids_txn)
+
+    # FIXME: how should this be cached?
+    def get_filtered_current_state_ids(self, room_id, state_filter=StateFilter.all()):
+        """Get the current state event of a given type for a room based on the
+        current_state_events table.  This may not be as up-to-date as the result
+        of doing a fresh state resolution as per state_handler.get_current_state
+
+        Args:
+            room_id (str)
+            state_filter (StateFilter): The state filter used to fetch state
+                from the database.
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred[dict[tuple[str, str], str]]: Map from type/state_key to
+            event ID.
+        """
+
+        where_clause, where_args = state_filter.make_sql_filter_clause()
+
+        if not where_clause:
+            # We delegate to the cached version
+            return self.get_current_state_ids(room_id)
+
+        def _get_filtered_current_state_ids_txn(txn):
+            results = {}
+            sql = """
+                SELECT type, state_key, event_id FROM current_state_events
+                WHERE room_id = ?
+            """
+
+            if where_clause:
+                sql += " AND (%s)" % (where_clause,)
+
+            args = [room_id]
+            args.extend(where_args)
+            txn.execute(sql, args)
+            for row in txn:
+                typ, state_key, event_id = row
+                key = (intern_string(typ), intern_string(state_key))
+                results[key] = event_id
+
+            return results
+
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "get_filtered_current_state_ids", _get_filtered_current_state_ids_txn
+        )
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_canonical_alias_for_room(self, room_id):
+        """Get canonical alias for room, if any
+
+        Args:
+            room_id (str)
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred[str|None]: The canonical alias, if any
+        """
+
+        state = yield self.get_filtered_current_state_ids(
+            room_id, StateFilter.from_types([(EventTypes.CanonicalAlias, "")])
+        )
+
+        event_id = state.get((EventTypes.CanonicalAlias, ""))
+        if not event_id:
+            return
+
+        event = yield self.get_event(event_id, allow_none=True)
+        if not event:
+            return
+
+        return event.content.get("canonical_alias")
+
+    @cached(max_entries=10000, iterable=True)
+    def get_state_group_delta(self, state_group):
+        """Given a state group try to return a previous group and a delta between
+        the old and the new.
+
+        Returns:
+            (prev_group, delta_ids), where both may be None.
+        """
+
+        def _get_state_group_delta_txn(txn):
+            prev_group = self._simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
+                txn,
+                table="state_group_edges",
+                keyvalues={"state_group": state_group},
+                retcol="prev_state_group",
+                allow_none=True,
+            )
+
+            if not prev_group:
+                return _GetStateGroupDelta(None, None)
+
+            delta_ids = self._simple_select_list_txn(
+                txn,
+                table="state_groups_state",
+                keyvalues={"state_group": state_group},
+                retcols=("type", "state_key", "event_id"),
+            )
+
+            return _GetStateGroupDelta(
+                prev_group,
+                {(row["type"], row["state_key"]): row["event_id"] for row in delta_ids},
+            )
+
+        return self.runInteraction("get_state_group_delta", _get_state_group_delta_txn)
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_state_groups_ids(self, _room_id, event_ids):
+        """Get the event IDs of all the state for the state groups for the given events
+
+        Args:
+            _room_id (str): id of the room for these events
+            event_ids (iterable[str]): ids of the events
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred[dict[int, dict[tuple[str, str], str]]]:
+                dict of state_group_id -> (dict of (type, state_key) -> event id)
+        """
+        if not event_ids:
+            return {}
+
+        event_to_groups = yield self._get_state_group_for_events(event_ids)
+
+        groups = set(itervalues(event_to_groups))
+        group_to_state = yield self._get_state_for_groups(groups)
+
+        return group_to_state
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_state_ids_for_group(self, state_group):
+        """Get the event IDs of all the state in the given state group
+
+        Args:
+            state_group (int)
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred[dict]: Resolves to a map of (type, state_key) -> event_id
+        """
+        group_to_state = yield self._get_state_for_groups((state_group,))
+
+        return group_to_state[state_group]
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_state_groups(self, room_id, event_ids):
+        """ Get the state groups for the given list of event_ids
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred[dict[int, list[EventBase]]]:
+                dict of state_group_id -> list of state events.
+        """
+        if not event_ids:
+            return {}
+
+        group_to_ids = yield self.get_state_groups_ids(room_id, event_ids)
+
+        state_event_map = yield self.get_events(
+            [
+                ev_id
+                for group_ids in itervalues(group_to_ids)
+                for ev_id in itervalues(group_ids)
+            ],
+            get_prev_content=False,
+        )
+
+        return {
+            group: [
+                state_event_map[v]
+                for v in itervalues(event_id_map)
+                if v in state_event_map
+            ]
+            for group, event_id_map in iteritems(group_to_ids)
+        }
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def _get_state_groups_from_groups(self, groups, state_filter):
+        """Returns the state groups for a given set of groups, filtering on
+        types of state events.
+
+        Args:
+            groups(list[int]): list of state group IDs to query
+            state_filter (StateFilter): The state filter used to fetch state
+                from the database.
+        Returns:
+            Deferred[dict[int, dict[tuple[str, str], str]]]:
+                dict of state_group_id -> (dict of (type, state_key) -> event id)
+        """
+        results = {}
+
+        chunks = [groups[i : i + 100] for i in range(0, len(groups), 100)]
+        for chunk in chunks:
+            res = yield self.runInteraction(
+                "_get_state_groups_from_groups",
+                self._get_state_groups_from_groups_txn,
+                chunk,
+                state_filter,
+            )
+            results.update(res)
+
+        return results
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_state_for_events(self, event_ids, state_filter=StateFilter.all()):
+        """Given a list of event_ids and type tuples, return a list of state
+        dicts for each event.
+
+        Args:
+            event_ids (list[string])
+            state_filter (StateFilter): The state filter used to fetch state
+                from the database.
+
+        Returns:
+            deferred: A dict of (event_id) -> (type, state_key) -> [state_events]
+        """
+        event_to_groups = yield self._get_state_group_for_events(event_ids)
+
+        groups = set(itervalues(event_to_groups))
+        group_to_state = yield self._get_state_for_groups(groups, state_filter)
+
+        state_event_map = yield self.get_events(
+            [ev_id for sd in itervalues(group_to_state) for ev_id in itervalues(sd)],
+            get_prev_content=False,
+        )
+
+        event_to_state = {
+            event_id: {
+                k: state_event_map[v]
+                for k, v in iteritems(group_to_state[group])
+                if v in state_event_map
+            }
+            for event_id, group in iteritems(event_to_groups)
+        }
+
+        return {event: event_to_state[event] for event in event_ids}
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_state_ids_for_events(self, event_ids, state_filter=StateFilter.all()):
+        """
+        Get the state dicts corresponding to a list of events, containing the event_ids
+        of the state events (as opposed to the events themselves)
+
+        Args:
+            event_ids(list(str)): events whose state should be returned
+            state_filter (StateFilter): The state filter used to fetch state
+                from the database.
+
+        Returns:
+            A deferred dict from event_id -> (type, state_key) -> event_id
+        """
+        event_to_groups = yield self._get_state_group_for_events(event_ids)
+
+        groups = set(itervalues(event_to_groups))
+        group_to_state = yield self._get_state_for_groups(groups, state_filter)
+
+        event_to_state = {
+            event_id: group_to_state[group]
+            for event_id, group in iteritems(event_to_groups)
+        }
+
+        return {event: event_to_state[event] for event in event_ids}
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_state_for_event(self, event_id, state_filter=StateFilter.all()):
+        """
+        Get the state dict corresponding to a particular event
+
+        Args:
+            event_id(str): event whose state should be returned
+            state_filter (StateFilter): The state filter used to fetch state
+                from the database.
+
+        Returns:
+            A deferred dict from (type, state_key) -> state_event
+        """
+        state_map = yield self.get_state_for_events([event_id], state_filter)
+        return state_map[event_id]
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_state_ids_for_event(self, event_id, state_filter=StateFilter.all()):
+        """
+        Get the state dict corresponding to a particular event
+
+        Args:
+            event_id(str): event whose state should be returned
+            state_filter (StateFilter): The state filter used to fetch state
+                from the database.
+
+        Returns:
+            A deferred dict from (type, state_key) -> state_event
+        """
+        state_map = yield self.get_state_ids_for_events([event_id], state_filter)
+        return state_map[event_id]
+
+    @cached(max_entries=50000)
+    def _get_state_group_for_event(self, event_id):
+        return self._simple_select_one_onecol(
+            table="event_to_state_groups",
+            keyvalues={"event_id": event_id},
+            retcol="state_group",
+            allow_none=True,
+            desc="_get_state_group_for_event",
+        )
+
+    @cachedList(
+        cached_method_name="_get_state_group_for_event",
+        list_name="event_ids",
+        num_args=1,
+        inlineCallbacks=True,
+    )
+    def _get_state_group_for_events(self, event_ids):
+        """Returns mapping event_id -> state_group
+        """
+        rows = yield self._simple_select_many_batch(
+            table="event_to_state_groups",
+            column="event_id",
+            iterable=event_ids,
+            keyvalues={},
+            retcols=("event_id", "state_group"),
+            desc="_get_state_group_for_events",
+        )
+
+        return {row["event_id"]: row["state_group"] for row in rows}
+
+    def _get_state_for_group_using_cache(self, cache, group, state_filter):
+        """Checks if group is in cache. See `_get_state_for_groups`
+
+        Args:
+            cache(DictionaryCache): the state group cache to use
+            group(int): The state group to lookup
+            state_filter (StateFilter): The state filter used to fetch state
+                from the database.
+
+        Returns 2-tuple (`state_dict`, `got_all`).
+        `got_all` is a bool indicating if we successfully retrieved all
+        requests state from the cache, if False we need to query the DB for the
+        missing state.
+        """
+        is_all, known_absent, state_dict_ids = cache.get(group)
+
+        if is_all or state_filter.is_full():
+            # Either we have everything or want everything, either way
+            # `is_all` tells us whether we've gotten everything.
+            return state_filter.filter_state(state_dict_ids), is_all
+
+        # tracks whether any of our requested types are missing from the cache
+        missing_types = False
+
+        if state_filter.has_wildcards():
+            # We don't know if we fetched all the state keys for the types in
+            # the filter that are wildcards, so we have to assume that we may
+            # have missed some.
+            missing_types = True
+        else:
+            # There aren't any wild cards, so `concrete_types()` returns the
+            # complete list of event types we're wanting.
+            for key in state_filter.concrete_types():
+                if key not in state_dict_ids and key not in known_absent:
+                    missing_types = True
+                    break
+
+        return state_filter.filter_state(state_dict_ids), not missing_types
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def _get_state_for_groups(self, groups, state_filter=StateFilter.all()):
+        """Gets the state at each of a list of state groups, optionally
+        filtering by type/state_key
+
+        Args:
+            groups (iterable[int]): list of state groups for which we want
+                to get the state.
+            state_filter (StateFilter): The state filter used to fetch state
+                from the database.
+        Returns:
+            Deferred[dict[int, dict[tuple[str, str], str]]]:
+                dict of state_group_id -> (dict of (type, state_key) -> event id)
+        """
+
+        member_filter, non_member_filter = state_filter.get_member_split()
+
+        # Now we look them up in the member and non-member caches
+        non_member_state, incomplete_groups_nm, = (
+            yield self._get_state_for_groups_using_cache(
+                groups, self._state_group_cache, state_filter=non_member_filter
+            )
+        )
+
+        member_state, incomplete_groups_m, = (
+            yield self._get_state_for_groups_using_cache(
+                groups, self._state_group_members_cache, state_filter=member_filter
+            )
+        )
+
+        state = dict(non_member_state)
+        for group in groups:
+            state[group].update(member_state[group])
+
+        # Now fetch any missing groups from the database
+
+        incomplete_groups = incomplete_groups_m | incomplete_groups_nm
+
+        if not incomplete_groups:
+            return state
+
+        cache_sequence_nm = self._state_group_cache.sequence
+        cache_sequence_m = self._state_group_members_cache.sequence
+
+        # Help the cache hit ratio by expanding the filter a bit
+        db_state_filter = state_filter.return_expanded()
+
+        group_to_state_dict = yield self._get_state_groups_from_groups(
+            list(incomplete_groups), state_filter=db_state_filter
+        )
+
+        # Now lets update the caches
+        self._insert_into_cache(
+            group_to_state_dict,
+            db_state_filter,
+            cache_seq_num_members=cache_sequence_m,
+            cache_seq_num_non_members=cache_sequence_nm,
+        )
+
+        # And finally update the result dict, by filtering out any extra
+        # stuff we pulled out of the database.
+        for group, group_state_dict in iteritems(group_to_state_dict):
+            # We just replace any existing entries, as we will have loaded
+            # everything we need from the database anyway.
+            state[group] = state_filter.filter_state(group_state_dict)
+
+        return state
+
+    def _get_state_for_groups_using_cache(self, groups, cache, state_filter):
+        """Gets the state at each of a list of state groups, optionally
+        filtering by type/state_key, querying from a specific cache.
+
+        Args:
+            groups (iterable[int]): list of state groups for which we want
+                to get the state.
+            cache (DictionaryCache): the cache of group ids to state dicts which
+                we will pass through - either the normal state cache or the specific
+                members state cache.
+            state_filter (StateFilter): The state filter used to fetch state
+                from the database.
+
+        Returns:
+            tuple[dict[int, dict[tuple[str, str], str]], set[int]]: Tuple of
+            dict of state_group_id -> (dict of (type, state_key) -> event id)
+            of entries in the cache, and the state group ids either missing
+            from the cache or incomplete.
+        """
+        results = {}
+        incomplete_groups = set()
+        for group in set(groups):
+            state_dict_ids, got_all = self._get_state_for_group_using_cache(
+                cache, group, state_filter
+            )
+            results[group] = state_dict_ids
+
+            if not got_all:
+                incomplete_groups.add(group)
+
+        return results, incomplete_groups
+
+    def _insert_into_cache(
+        self,
+        group_to_state_dict,
+        state_filter,
+        cache_seq_num_members,
+        cache_seq_num_non_members,
+    ):
+        """Inserts results from querying the database into the relevant cache.
+
+        Args:
+            group_to_state_dict (dict): The new entries pulled from database.
+                Map from state group to state dict
+            state_filter (StateFilter): The state filter used to fetch state
+                from the database.
+            cache_seq_num_members (int): Sequence number of member cache since
+                last lookup in cache
+            cache_seq_num_non_members (int): Sequence number of member cache since
+                last lookup in cache
+        """
+
+        # We need to work out which types we've fetched from the DB for the
+        # member vs non-member caches. This should be as accurate as possible,
+        # but can be an underestimate (e.g. when we have wild cards)
+
+        member_filter, non_member_filter = state_filter.get_member_split()
+        if member_filter.is_full():
+            # We fetched all member events
+            member_types = None
+        else:
+            # `concrete_types()` will only return a subset when there are wild
+            # cards in the filter, but that's fine.
+            member_types = member_filter.concrete_types()
+
+        if non_member_filter.is_full():
+            # We fetched all non member events
+            non_member_types = None
+        else:
+            non_member_types = non_member_filter.concrete_types()
+
+        for group, group_state_dict in iteritems(group_to_state_dict):
+            state_dict_members = {}
+            state_dict_non_members = {}
+
+            for k, v in iteritems(group_state_dict):
+                if k[0] == EventTypes.Member:
+                    state_dict_members[k] = v
+                else:
+                    state_dict_non_members[k] = v
+
+            self._state_group_members_cache.update(
+                cache_seq_num_members,
+                key=group,
+                value=state_dict_members,
+                fetched_keys=member_types,
+            )
+
+            self._state_group_cache.update(
+                cache_seq_num_non_members,
+                key=group,
+                value=state_dict_non_members,
+                fetched_keys=non_member_types,
+            )
+
+    def store_state_group(
+        self, event_id, room_id, prev_group, delta_ids, current_state_ids
+    ):
+        """Store a new set of state, returning a newly assigned state group.
+
+        Args:
+            event_id (str): The event ID for which the state was calculated
+            room_id (str)
+            prev_group (int|None): A previous state group for the room, optional.
+            delta_ids (dict|None): The delta between state at `prev_group` and
+                `current_state_ids`, if `prev_group` was given. Same format as
+                `current_state_ids`.
+            current_state_ids (dict): The state to store. Map of (type, state_key)
+                to event_id.
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred[int]: The state group ID
+        """
+
+        def _store_state_group_txn(txn):
+            if current_state_ids is None:
+                # AFAIK, this can never happen
+                raise Exception("current_state_ids cannot be None")
+
+            state_group = self.database_engine.get_next_state_group_id(txn)
+
+            self._simple_insert_txn(
+                txn,
+                table="state_groups",
+                values={"id": state_group, "room_id": room_id, "event_id": event_id},
+            )
+
+            # We persist as a delta if we can, while also ensuring the chain
+            # of deltas isn't tooo long, as otherwise read performance degrades.
+            if prev_group:
+                is_in_db = self._simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
+                    txn,
+                    table="state_groups",
+                    keyvalues={"id": prev_group},
+                    retcol="id",
+                    allow_none=True,
+                )
+                if not is_in_db:
+                    raise Exception(
+                        "Trying to persist state with unpersisted prev_group: %r"
+                        % (prev_group,)
+                    )
+
+                potential_hops = self._count_state_group_hops_txn(txn, prev_group)
+            if prev_group and potential_hops < MAX_STATE_DELTA_HOPS:
+                self._simple_insert_txn(
+                    txn,
+                    table="state_group_edges",
+                    values={"state_group": state_group, "prev_state_group": prev_group},
+                )
+
+                self._simple_insert_many_txn(
+                    txn,
+                    table="state_groups_state",
+                    values=[
+                        {
+                            "state_group": state_group,
+                            "room_id": room_id,
+                            "type": key[0],
+                            "state_key": key[1],
+                            "event_id": state_id,
+                        }
+                        for key, state_id in iteritems(delta_ids)
+                    ],
+                )
+            else:
+                self._simple_insert_many_txn(
+                    txn,
+                    table="state_groups_state",
+                    values=[
+                        {
+                            "state_group": state_group,
+                            "room_id": room_id,
+                            "type": key[0],
+                            "state_key": key[1],
+                            "event_id": state_id,
+                        }
+                        for key, state_id in iteritems(current_state_ids)
+                    ],
+                )
+
+            # Prefill the state group caches with this group.
+            # It's fine to use the sequence like this as the state group map
+            # is immutable. (If the map wasn't immutable then this prefill could
+            # race with another update)
+
+            current_member_state_ids = {
+                s: ev
+                for (s, ev) in iteritems(current_state_ids)
+                if s[0] == EventTypes.Member
+            }
+            txn.call_after(
+                self._state_group_members_cache.update,
+                self._state_group_members_cache.sequence,
+                key=state_group,
+                value=dict(current_member_state_ids),
+            )
+
+            current_non_member_state_ids = {
+                s: ev
+                for (s, ev) in iteritems(current_state_ids)
+                if s[0] != EventTypes.Member
+            }
+            txn.call_after(
+                self._state_group_cache.update,
+                self._state_group_cache.sequence,
+                key=state_group,
+                value=dict(current_non_member_state_ids),
+            )
+
+            return state_group
+
+        return self.runInteraction("store_state_group", _store_state_group_txn)
+
+
+class StateBackgroundUpdateStore(
+    StateGroupBackgroundUpdateStore, BackgroundUpdateStore
+):
+
+    STATE_GROUP_DEDUPLICATION_UPDATE_NAME = "state_group_state_deduplication"
+    STATE_GROUP_INDEX_UPDATE_NAME = "state_group_state_type_index"
+    CURRENT_STATE_INDEX_UPDATE_NAME = "current_state_members_idx"
+    EVENT_STATE_GROUP_INDEX_UPDATE_NAME = "event_to_state_groups_sg_index"
+
+    def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
+        super(StateBackgroundUpdateStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
+        self.register_background_update_handler(
+            self.STATE_GROUP_DEDUPLICATION_UPDATE_NAME,
+            self._background_deduplicate_state,
+        )
+        self.register_background_update_handler(
+            self.STATE_GROUP_INDEX_UPDATE_NAME, self._background_index_state
+        )
+        self.register_background_index_update(
+            self.CURRENT_STATE_INDEX_UPDATE_NAME,
+            index_name="current_state_events_member_index",
+            table="current_state_events",
+            columns=["state_key"],
+            where_clause="type='m.room.member'",
+        )
+        self.register_background_index_update(
+            self.EVENT_STATE_GROUP_INDEX_UPDATE_NAME,
+            index_name="event_to_state_groups_sg_index",
+            table="event_to_state_groups",
+            columns=["state_group"],
+        )
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def _background_deduplicate_state(self, progress, batch_size):
+        """This background update will slowly deduplicate state by reencoding
+        them as deltas.
+        """
+        last_state_group = progress.get("last_state_group", 0)
+        rows_inserted = progress.get("rows_inserted", 0)
+        max_group = progress.get("max_group", None)
+
+        BATCH_SIZE_SCALE_FACTOR = 100
+
+        batch_size = max(1, int(batch_size / BATCH_SIZE_SCALE_FACTOR))
+
+        if max_group is None:
+            rows = yield self._execute(
+                "_background_deduplicate_state",
+                None,
+                "SELECT coalesce(max(id), 0) FROM state_groups",
+            )
+            max_group = rows[0][0]
+
+        def reindex_txn(txn):
+            new_last_state_group = last_state_group
+            for count in range(batch_size):
+                txn.execute(
+                    "SELECT id, room_id FROM state_groups"
+                    " WHERE ? < id AND id <= ?"
+                    " ORDER BY id ASC"
+                    " LIMIT 1",
+                    (new_last_state_group, max_group),
+                )
+                row = txn.fetchone()
+                if row:
+                    state_group, room_id = row
+
+                if not row or not state_group:
+                    return True, count
+
+                txn.execute(
+                    "SELECT state_group FROM state_group_edges"
+                    " WHERE state_group = ?",
+                    (state_group,),
+                )
+
+                # If we reach a point where we've already started inserting
+                # edges we should stop.
+                if txn.fetchall():
+                    return True, count
+
+                txn.execute(
+                    "SELECT coalesce(max(id), 0) FROM state_groups"
+                    " WHERE id < ? AND room_id = ?",
+                    (state_group, room_id),
+                )
+                prev_group, = txn.fetchone()
+                new_last_state_group = state_group
+
+                if prev_group:
+                    potential_hops = self._count_state_group_hops_txn(txn, prev_group)
+                    if potential_hops >= MAX_STATE_DELTA_HOPS:
+                        # We want to ensure chains are at most this long,#
+                        # otherwise read performance degrades.
+                        continue
+
+                    prev_state = self._get_state_groups_from_groups_txn(
+                        txn, [prev_group]
+                    )
+                    prev_state = prev_state[prev_group]
+
+                    curr_state = self._get_state_groups_from_groups_txn(
+                        txn, [state_group]
+                    )
+                    curr_state = curr_state[state_group]
+
+                    if not set(prev_state.keys()) - set(curr_state.keys()):
+                        # We can only do a delta if the current has a strict super set
+                        # of keys
+
+                        delta_state = {
+                            key: value
+                            for key, value in iteritems(curr_state)
+                            if prev_state.get(key, None) != value
+                        }
+
+                        self._simple_delete_txn(
+                            txn,
+                            table="state_group_edges",
+                            keyvalues={"state_group": state_group},
+                        )
+
+                        self._simple_insert_txn(
+                            txn,
+                            table="state_group_edges",
+                            values={
+                                "state_group": state_group,
+                                "prev_state_group": prev_group,
+                            },
+                        )
+
+                        self._simple_delete_txn(
+                            txn,
+                            table="state_groups_state",
+                            keyvalues={"state_group": state_group},
+                        )
+
+                        self._simple_insert_many_txn(
+                            txn,
+                            table="state_groups_state",
+                            values=[
+                                {
+                                    "state_group": state_group,
+                                    "room_id": room_id,
+                                    "type": key[0],
+                                    "state_key": key[1],
+                                    "event_id": state_id,
+                                }
+                                for key, state_id in iteritems(delta_state)
+                            ],
+                        )
+
+            progress = {
+                "last_state_group": state_group,
+                "rows_inserted": rows_inserted + batch_size,
+                "max_group": max_group,
+            }
+
+            self._background_update_progress_txn(
+                txn, self.STATE_GROUP_DEDUPLICATION_UPDATE_NAME, progress
+            )
+
+            return False, batch_size
+
+        finished, result = yield self.runInteraction(
+            self.STATE_GROUP_DEDUPLICATION_UPDATE_NAME, reindex_txn
+        )
+
+        if finished:
+            yield self._end_background_update(
+                self.STATE_GROUP_DEDUPLICATION_UPDATE_NAME
+            )
+
+        return result * BATCH_SIZE_SCALE_FACTOR
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def _background_index_state(self, progress, batch_size):
+        def reindex_txn(conn):
+            conn.rollback()
+            if isinstance(self.database_engine, PostgresEngine):
+                # postgres insists on autocommit for the index
+                conn.set_session(autocommit=True)
+                try:
+                    txn = conn.cursor()
+                    txn.execute(
+                        "CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY state_groups_state_type_idx"
+                        " ON state_groups_state(state_group, type, state_key)"
+                    )
+                    txn.execute("DROP INDEX IF EXISTS state_groups_state_id")
+                finally:
+                    conn.set_session(autocommit=False)
+            else:
+                txn = conn.cursor()
+                txn.execute(
+                    "CREATE INDEX state_groups_state_type_idx"
+                    " ON state_groups_state(state_group, type, state_key)"
+                )
+                txn.execute("DROP INDEX IF EXISTS state_groups_state_id")
+
+        yield self.runWithConnection(reindex_txn)
+
+        yield self._end_background_update(self.STATE_GROUP_INDEX_UPDATE_NAME)
+
+        return 1
+
+
+class StateStore(StateGroupWorkerStore, StateBackgroundUpdateStore):
+    """ Keeps track of the state at a given event.
+
+    This is done by the concept of `state groups`. Every event is a assigned
+    a state group (identified by an arbitrary string), which references a
+    collection of state events. The current state of an event is then the
+    collection of state events referenced by the event's state group.
+
+    Hence, every change in the current state causes a new state group to be
+    generated. However, if no change happens (e.g., if we get a message event
+    with only one parent it inherits the state group from its parent.)
+
+    There are three tables:
+      * `state_groups`: Stores group name, first event with in the group and
+        room id.
+      * `event_to_state_groups`: Maps events to state groups.
+      * `state_groups_state`: Maps state group to state events.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
+        super(StateStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
+
+    def _store_event_state_mappings_txn(self, txn, events_and_contexts):
+        state_groups = {}
+        for event, context in events_and_contexts:
+            if event.internal_metadata.is_outlier():
+                continue
+
+            # if the event was rejected, just give it the same state as its
+            # predecessor.
+            if context.rejected:
+                state_groups[event.event_id] = context.prev_group
+                continue
+
+            state_groups[event.event_id] = context.state_group
+
+        self._simple_insert_many_txn(
+            txn,
+            table="event_to_state_groups",
+            values=[
+                {"state_group": state_group_id, "event_id": event_id}
+                for event_id, state_group_id in iteritems(state_groups)
+            ],
+        )
+
+        for event_id, state_group_id in iteritems(state_groups):
+            txn.call_after(
+                self._get_state_group_for_event.prefill, (event_id,), state_group_id
+            )
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/state_deltas.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/state_deltas.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..28f33ec18f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/state_deltas.py
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2018 Vector Creations Ltd
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import logging
+
+from synapse.storage._base import SQLBaseStore
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class StateDeltasStore(SQLBaseStore):
+    def get_current_state_deltas(self, prev_stream_id: int, max_stream_id: int):
+        """Fetch a list of room state changes since the given stream id
+
+        Each entry in the result contains the following fields:
+            - stream_id (int)
+            - room_id (str)
+            - type (str): event type
+            - state_key (str):
+            - event_id (str|None): new event_id for this state key. None if the
+                state has been deleted.
+            - prev_event_id (str|None): previous event_id for this state key. None
+                if it's new state.
+
+        Args:
+            prev_stream_id (int): point to get changes since (exclusive)
+            max_stream_id (int): the point that we know has been correctly persisted
+               - ie, an upper limit to return changes from.
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred[tuple[int, list[dict]]: A tuple consisting of:
+               - the stream id which these results go up to
+               - list of current_state_delta_stream rows. If it is empty, we are
+                 up to date.
+        """
+        prev_stream_id = int(prev_stream_id)
+
+        # check we're not going backwards
+        assert prev_stream_id <= max_stream_id
+
+        if not self._curr_state_delta_stream_cache.has_any_entity_changed(
+            prev_stream_id
+        ):
+            # if the CSDs haven't changed between prev_stream_id and now, we
+            # know for certain that they haven't changed between prev_stream_id and
+            # max_stream_id.
+            return max_stream_id, []
+
+        def get_current_state_deltas_txn(txn):
+            # First we calculate the max stream id that will give us less than
+            # N results.
+            # We arbitarily limit to 100 stream_id entries to ensure we don't
+            # select toooo many.
+            sql = """
+                SELECT stream_id, count(*)
+                FROM current_state_delta_stream
+                WHERE stream_id > ? AND stream_id <= ?
+                GROUP BY stream_id
+                ORDER BY stream_id ASC
+                LIMIT 100
+            """
+            txn.execute(sql, (prev_stream_id, max_stream_id))
+
+            total = 0
+
+            for stream_id, count in txn:
+                total += count
+                if total > 100:
+                    # We arbitarily limit to 100 entries to ensure we don't
+                    # select toooo many.
+                    logger.debug(
+                        "Clipping current_state_delta_stream rows to stream_id %i",
+                        stream_id,
+                    )
+                    clipped_stream_id = stream_id
+                    break
+            else:
+                # if there's no problem, we may as well go right up to the max_stream_id
+                clipped_stream_id = max_stream_id
+
+            # Now actually get the deltas
+            sql = """
+                SELECT stream_id, room_id, type, state_key, event_id, prev_event_id
+                FROM current_state_delta_stream
+                WHERE ? < stream_id AND stream_id <= ?
+                ORDER BY stream_id ASC
+            """
+            txn.execute(sql, (prev_stream_id, clipped_stream_id))
+            return clipped_stream_id, self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
+
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "get_current_state_deltas", get_current_state_deltas_txn
+        )
+
+    def _get_max_stream_id_in_current_state_deltas_txn(self, txn):
+        return self._simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
+            txn,
+            table="current_state_delta_stream",
+            keyvalues={},
+            retcol="COALESCE(MAX(stream_id), -1)",
+        )
+
+    def get_max_stream_id_in_current_state_deltas(self):
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "get_max_stream_id_in_current_state_deltas",
+            self._get_max_stream_id_in_current_state_deltas_txn,
+        )
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/stats.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/stats.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5ab639b2ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/stats.py
@@ -0,0 +1,881 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2018, 2019 New Vector Ltd
+# Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import logging
+from itertools import chain
+
+from twisted.internet import defer
+from twisted.internet.defer import DeferredLock
+
+from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes, Membership
+from synapse.storage.data_stores.main.state_deltas import StateDeltasStore
+from synapse.storage.engines import PostgresEngine
+from synapse.util.caches.descriptors import cached
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+# these fields track absolutes (e.g. total number of rooms on the server)
+# You can think of these as Prometheus Gauges.
+# You can draw these stats on a line graph.
+# Example: number of users in a room
+ABSOLUTE_STATS_FIELDS = {
+    "room": (
+        "current_state_events",
+        "joined_members",
+        "invited_members",
+        "left_members",
+        "banned_members",
+        "local_users_in_room",
+    ),
+    "user": ("joined_rooms",),
+}
+
+# these fields are per-timeslice and so should be reset to 0 upon a new slice
+# You can draw these stats on a histogram.
+# Example: number of events sent locally during a time slice
+PER_SLICE_FIELDS = {
+    "room": ("total_events", "total_event_bytes"),
+    "user": ("invites_sent", "rooms_created", "total_events", "total_event_bytes"),
+}
+
+TYPE_TO_TABLE = {"room": ("room_stats", "room_id"), "user": ("user_stats", "user_id")}
+
+# these are the tables (& ID columns) which contain our actual subjects
+TYPE_TO_ORIGIN_TABLE = {"room": ("rooms", "room_id"), "user": ("users", "name")}
+
+
+class StatsStore(StateDeltasStore):
+    def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
+        super(StatsStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
+
+        self.server_name = hs.hostname
+        self.clock = self.hs.get_clock()
+        self.stats_enabled = hs.config.stats_enabled
+        self.stats_bucket_size = hs.config.stats_bucket_size
+
+        self.stats_delta_processing_lock = DeferredLock()
+
+        self.register_background_update_handler(
+            "populate_stats_process_rooms", self._populate_stats_process_rooms
+        )
+        self.register_background_update_handler(
+            "populate_stats_process_users", self._populate_stats_process_users
+        )
+        # we no longer need to perform clean-up, but we will give ourselves
+        # the potential to reintroduce it in the future – so documentation
+        # will still encourage the use of this no-op handler.
+        self.register_noop_background_update("populate_stats_cleanup")
+        self.register_noop_background_update("populate_stats_prepare")
+
+    def quantise_stats_time(self, ts):
+        """
+        Quantises a timestamp to be a multiple of the bucket size.
+
+        Args:
+            ts (int): the timestamp to quantise, in milliseconds since the Unix
+                Epoch
+
+        Returns:
+            int: a timestamp which
+              - is divisible by the bucket size;
+              - is no later than `ts`; and
+              - is the largest such timestamp.
+        """
+        return (ts // self.stats_bucket_size) * self.stats_bucket_size
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def _populate_stats_process_users(self, progress, batch_size):
+        """
+        This is a background update which regenerates statistics for users.
+        """
+        if not self.stats_enabled:
+            yield self._end_background_update("populate_stats_process_users")
+            return 1
+
+        last_user_id = progress.get("last_user_id", "")
+
+        def _get_next_batch(txn):
+            sql = """
+                    SELECT DISTINCT name FROM users
+                    WHERE name > ?
+                    ORDER BY name ASC
+                    LIMIT ?
+                """
+            txn.execute(sql, (last_user_id, batch_size))
+            return [r for r, in txn]
+
+        users_to_work_on = yield self.runInteraction(
+            "_populate_stats_process_users", _get_next_batch
+        )
+
+        # No more rooms -- complete the transaction.
+        if not users_to_work_on:
+            yield self._end_background_update("populate_stats_process_users")
+            return 1
+
+        for user_id in users_to_work_on:
+            yield self._calculate_and_set_initial_state_for_user(user_id)
+            progress["last_user_id"] = user_id
+
+        yield self.runInteraction(
+            "populate_stats_process_users",
+            self._background_update_progress_txn,
+            "populate_stats_process_users",
+            progress,
+        )
+
+        return len(users_to_work_on)
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def _populate_stats_process_rooms(self, progress, batch_size):
+        """
+        This is a background update which regenerates statistics for rooms.
+        """
+        if not self.stats_enabled:
+            yield self._end_background_update("populate_stats_process_rooms")
+            return 1
+
+        last_room_id = progress.get("last_room_id", "")
+
+        def _get_next_batch(txn):
+            sql = """
+                    SELECT DISTINCT room_id FROM current_state_events
+                    WHERE room_id > ?
+                    ORDER BY room_id ASC
+                    LIMIT ?
+                """
+            txn.execute(sql, (last_room_id, batch_size))
+            return [r for r, in txn]
+
+        rooms_to_work_on = yield self.runInteraction(
+            "populate_stats_rooms_get_batch", _get_next_batch
+        )
+
+        # No more rooms -- complete the transaction.
+        if not rooms_to_work_on:
+            yield self._end_background_update("populate_stats_process_rooms")
+            return 1
+
+        for room_id in rooms_to_work_on:
+            yield self._calculate_and_set_initial_state_for_room(room_id)
+            progress["last_room_id"] = room_id
+
+        yield self.runInteraction(
+            "_populate_stats_process_rooms",
+            self._background_update_progress_txn,
+            "populate_stats_process_rooms",
+            progress,
+        )
+
+        return len(rooms_to_work_on)
+
+    def get_stats_positions(self):
+        """
+        Returns the stats processor positions.
+        """
+        return self._simple_select_one_onecol(
+            table="stats_incremental_position",
+            keyvalues={},
+            retcol="stream_id",
+            desc="stats_incremental_position",
+        )
+
+    def update_room_state(self, room_id, fields):
+        """
+        Args:
+            room_id (str)
+            fields (dict[str:Any])
+        """
+
+        # For whatever reason some of the fields may contain null bytes, which
+        # postgres isn't a fan of, so we replace those fields with null.
+        for col in (
+            "join_rules",
+            "history_visibility",
+            "encryption",
+            "name",
+            "topic",
+            "avatar",
+            "canonical_alias",
+        ):
+            field = fields.get(col)
+            if field and "\0" in field:
+                fields[col] = None
+
+        return self._simple_upsert(
+            table="room_stats_state",
+            keyvalues={"room_id": room_id},
+            values=fields,
+            desc="update_room_state",
+        )
+
+    def get_statistics_for_subject(self, stats_type, stats_id, start, size=100):
+        """
+        Get statistics for a given subject.
+
+        Args:
+            stats_type (str): The type of subject
+            stats_id (str): The ID of the subject (e.g. room_id or user_id)
+            start (int): Pagination start. Number of entries, not timestamp.
+            size (int): How many entries to return.
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred[list[dict]], where the dict has the keys of
+            ABSOLUTE_STATS_FIELDS[stats_type],  and "bucket_size" and "end_ts".
+        """
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "get_statistics_for_subject",
+            self._get_statistics_for_subject_txn,
+            stats_type,
+            stats_id,
+            start,
+            size,
+        )
+
+    def _get_statistics_for_subject_txn(
+        self, txn, stats_type, stats_id, start, size=100
+    ):
+        """
+        Transaction-bound version of L{get_statistics_for_subject}.
+        """
+
+        table, id_col = TYPE_TO_TABLE[stats_type]
+        selected_columns = list(
+            ABSOLUTE_STATS_FIELDS[stats_type] + PER_SLICE_FIELDS[stats_type]
+        )
+
+        slice_list = self._simple_select_list_paginate_txn(
+            txn,
+            table + "_historical",
+            {id_col: stats_id},
+            "end_ts",
+            start,
+            size,
+            retcols=selected_columns + ["bucket_size", "end_ts"],
+            order_direction="DESC",
+        )
+
+        return slice_list
+
+    def get_room_stats_state(self, room_id):
+        """
+        Returns the current room_stats_state for a room.
+
+        Args:
+            room_id (str): The ID of the room to return state for.
+
+        Returns (dict):
+            Dictionary containing these keys:
+                "name", "topic", "canonical_alias", "avatar", "join_rules",
+                "history_visibility"
+        """
+        return self._simple_select_one(
+            "room_stats_state",
+            {"room_id": room_id},
+            retcols=(
+                "name",
+                "topic",
+                "canonical_alias",
+                "avatar",
+                "join_rules",
+                "history_visibility",
+            ),
+        )
+
+    @cached()
+    def get_earliest_token_for_stats(self, stats_type, id):
+        """
+        Fetch the "earliest token". This is used by the room stats delta
+        processor to ignore deltas that have been processed between the
+        start of the background task and any particular room's stats
+        being calculated.
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred[int]
+        """
+        table, id_col = TYPE_TO_TABLE[stats_type]
+
+        return self._simple_select_one_onecol(
+            "%s_current" % (table,),
+            keyvalues={id_col: id},
+            retcol="completed_delta_stream_id",
+            allow_none=True,
+        )
+
+    def bulk_update_stats_delta(self, ts, updates, stream_id):
+        """Bulk update stats tables for a given stream_id and updates the stats
+        incremental position.
+
+        Args:
+            ts (int): Current timestamp in ms
+            updates(dict[str, dict[str, dict[str, Counter]]]): The updates to
+                commit as a mapping stats_type -> stats_id -> field -> delta.
+            stream_id (int): Current position.
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred
+        """
+
+        def _bulk_update_stats_delta_txn(txn):
+            for stats_type, stats_updates in updates.items():
+                for stats_id, fields in stats_updates.items():
+                    logger.info(
+                        "Updating %s stats for %s: %s", stats_type, stats_id, fields
+                    )
+                    self._update_stats_delta_txn(
+                        txn,
+                        ts=ts,
+                        stats_type=stats_type,
+                        stats_id=stats_id,
+                        fields=fields,
+                        complete_with_stream_id=stream_id,
+                    )
+
+            self._simple_update_one_txn(
+                txn,
+                table="stats_incremental_position",
+                keyvalues={},
+                updatevalues={"stream_id": stream_id},
+            )
+
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "bulk_update_stats_delta", _bulk_update_stats_delta_txn
+        )
+
+    def update_stats_delta(
+        self,
+        ts,
+        stats_type,
+        stats_id,
+        fields,
+        complete_with_stream_id,
+        absolute_field_overrides=None,
+    ):
+        """
+        Updates the statistics for a subject, with a delta (difference/relative
+        change).
+
+        Args:
+            ts (int): timestamp of the change
+            stats_type (str): "room" or "user" – the kind of subject
+            stats_id (str): the subject's ID (room ID or user ID)
+            fields (dict[str, int]): Deltas of stats values.
+            complete_with_stream_id (int, optional):
+                If supplied, converts an incomplete row into a complete row,
+                with the supplied stream_id marked as the stream_id where the
+                row was completed.
+            absolute_field_overrides (dict[str, int]): Current stats values
+                (i.e. not deltas) of absolute fields.
+                Does not work with per-slice fields.
+        """
+
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "update_stats_delta",
+            self._update_stats_delta_txn,
+            ts,
+            stats_type,
+            stats_id,
+            fields,
+            complete_with_stream_id=complete_with_stream_id,
+            absolute_field_overrides=absolute_field_overrides,
+        )
+
+    def _update_stats_delta_txn(
+        self,
+        txn,
+        ts,
+        stats_type,
+        stats_id,
+        fields,
+        complete_with_stream_id,
+        absolute_field_overrides=None,
+    ):
+        if absolute_field_overrides is None:
+            absolute_field_overrides = {}
+
+        table, id_col = TYPE_TO_TABLE[stats_type]
+
+        quantised_ts = self.quantise_stats_time(int(ts))
+        end_ts = quantised_ts + self.stats_bucket_size
+
+        # Lets be paranoid and check that all the given field names are known
+        abs_field_names = ABSOLUTE_STATS_FIELDS[stats_type]
+        slice_field_names = PER_SLICE_FIELDS[stats_type]
+        for field in chain(fields.keys(), absolute_field_overrides.keys()):
+            if field not in abs_field_names and field not in slice_field_names:
+                # guard against potential SQL injection dodginess
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "%s is not a recognised field"
+                    " for stats type %s" % (field, stats_type)
+                )
+
+        # Per slice fields do not get added to the _current table
+
+        # This calculates the deltas (`field = field + ?` values)
+        # for absolute fields,
+        # * defaulting to 0 if not specified
+        #     (required for the INSERT part of upserting to work)
+        # * omitting overrides specified in `absolute_field_overrides`
+        deltas_of_absolute_fields = {
+            key: fields.get(key, 0)
+            for key in abs_field_names
+            if key not in absolute_field_overrides
+        }
+
+        # Keep the delta stream ID field up to date
+        absolute_field_overrides = absolute_field_overrides.copy()
+        absolute_field_overrides["completed_delta_stream_id"] = complete_with_stream_id
+
+        # first upsert the `_current` table
+        self._upsert_with_additive_relatives_txn(
+            txn=txn,
+            table=table + "_current",
+            keyvalues={id_col: stats_id},
+            absolutes=absolute_field_overrides,
+            additive_relatives=deltas_of_absolute_fields,
+        )
+
+        per_slice_additive_relatives = {
+            key: fields.get(key, 0) for key in slice_field_names
+        }
+        self._upsert_copy_from_table_with_additive_relatives_txn(
+            txn=txn,
+            into_table=table + "_historical",
+            keyvalues={id_col: stats_id},
+            extra_dst_insvalues={"bucket_size": self.stats_bucket_size},
+            extra_dst_keyvalues={"end_ts": end_ts},
+            additive_relatives=per_slice_additive_relatives,
+            src_table=table + "_current",
+            copy_columns=abs_field_names,
+        )
+
+    def _upsert_with_additive_relatives_txn(
+        self, txn, table, keyvalues, absolutes, additive_relatives
+    ):
+        """Used to update values in the stats tables.
+
+        This is basically a slightly convoluted upsert that *adds* to any
+        existing rows.
+
+        Args:
+            txn
+            table (str): Table name
+            keyvalues (dict[str, any]): Row-identifying key values
+            absolutes (dict[str, any]): Absolute (set) fields
+            additive_relatives (dict[str, int]): Fields that will be added onto
+                if existing row present.
+        """
+        if self.database_engine.can_native_upsert:
+            absolute_updates = [
+                "%(field)s = EXCLUDED.%(field)s" % {"field": field}
+                for field in absolutes.keys()
+            ]
+
+            relative_updates = [
+                "%(field)s = EXCLUDED.%(field)s + %(table)s.%(field)s"
+                % {"table": table, "field": field}
+                for field in additive_relatives.keys()
+            ]
+
+            insert_cols = []
+            qargs = []
+
+            for (key, val) in chain(
+                keyvalues.items(), absolutes.items(), additive_relatives.items()
+            ):
+                insert_cols.append(key)
+                qargs.append(val)
+
+            sql = """
+                INSERT INTO %(table)s (%(insert_cols_cs)s)
+                VALUES (%(insert_vals_qs)s)
+                ON CONFLICT (%(key_columns)s) DO UPDATE SET %(updates)s
+            """ % {
+                "table": table,
+                "insert_cols_cs": ", ".join(insert_cols),
+                "insert_vals_qs": ", ".join(
+                    ["?"] * (len(keyvalues) + len(absolutes) + len(additive_relatives))
+                ),
+                "key_columns": ", ".join(keyvalues),
+                "updates": ", ".join(chain(absolute_updates, relative_updates)),
+            }
+
+            txn.execute(sql, qargs)
+        else:
+            self.database_engine.lock_table(txn, table)
+            retcols = list(chain(absolutes.keys(), additive_relatives.keys()))
+            current_row = self._simple_select_one_txn(
+                txn, table, keyvalues, retcols, allow_none=True
+            )
+            if current_row is None:
+                merged_dict = {**keyvalues, **absolutes, **additive_relatives}
+                self._simple_insert_txn(txn, table, merged_dict)
+            else:
+                for (key, val) in additive_relatives.items():
+                    current_row[key] += val
+                current_row.update(absolutes)
+                self._simple_update_one_txn(txn, table, keyvalues, current_row)
+
+    def _upsert_copy_from_table_with_additive_relatives_txn(
+        self,
+        txn,
+        into_table,
+        keyvalues,
+        extra_dst_keyvalues,
+        extra_dst_insvalues,
+        additive_relatives,
+        src_table,
+        copy_columns,
+    ):
+        """Updates the historic stats table with latest updates.
+
+        This involves copying "absolute" fields from the `_current` table, and
+        adding relative fields to any existing values.
+
+        Args:
+             txn: Transaction
+             into_table (str): The destination table to UPSERT the row into
+             keyvalues (dict[str, any]): Row-identifying key values
+             extra_dst_keyvalues (dict[str, any]): Additional keyvalues
+                for `into_table`.
+             extra_dst_insvalues (dict[str, any]): Additional values to insert
+                on new row creation for `into_table`.
+             additive_relatives (dict[str, any]): Fields that will be added onto
+                if existing row present. (Must be disjoint from copy_columns.)
+             src_table (str): The source table to copy from
+             copy_columns (iterable[str]): The list of columns to copy
+        """
+        if self.database_engine.can_native_upsert:
+            ins_columns = chain(
+                keyvalues,
+                copy_columns,
+                additive_relatives,
+                extra_dst_keyvalues,
+                extra_dst_insvalues,
+            )
+            sel_exprs = chain(
+                keyvalues,
+                copy_columns,
+                (
+                    "?"
+                    for _ in chain(
+                        additive_relatives, extra_dst_keyvalues, extra_dst_insvalues
+                    )
+                ),
+            )
+            keyvalues_where = ("%s = ?" % f for f in keyvalues)
+
+            sets_cc = ("%s = EXCLUDED.%s" % (f, f) for f in copy_columns)
+            sets_ar = (
+                "%s = EXCLUDED.%s + %s.%s" % (f, f, into_table, f)
+                for f in additive_relatives
+            )
+
+            sql = """
+                INSERT INTO %(into_table)s (%(ins_columns)s)
+                SELECT %(sel_exprs)s
+                FROM %(src_table)s
+                WHERE %(keyvalues_where)s
+                ON CONFLICT (%(keyvalues)s)
+                DO UPDATE SET %(sets)s
+            """ % {
+                "into_table": into_table,
+                "ins_columns": ", ".join(ins_columns),
+                "sel_exprs": ", ".join(sel_exprs),
+                "keyvalues_where": " AND ".join(keyvalues_where),
+                "src_table": src_table,
+                "keyvalues": ", ".join(
+                    chain(keyvalues.keys(), extra_dst_keyvalues.keys())
+                ),
+                "sets": ", ".join(chain(sets_cc, sets_ar)),
+            }
+
+            qargs = list(
+                chain(
+                    additive_relatives.values(),
+                    extra_dst_keyvalues.values(),
+                    extra_dst_insvalues.values(),
+                    keyvalues.values(),
+                )
+            )
+            txn.execute(sql, qargs)
+        else:
+            self.database_engine.lock_table(txn, into_table)
+            src_row = self._simple_select_one_txn(
+                txn, src_table, keyvalues, copy_columns
+            )
+            all_dest_keyvalues = {**keyvalues, **extra_dst_keyvalues}
+            dest_current_row = self._simple_select_one_txn(
+                txn,
+                into_table,
+                keyvalues=all_dest_keyvalues,
+                retcols=list(chain(additive_relatives.keys(), copy_columns)),
+                allow_none=True,
+            )
+
+            if dest_current_row is None:
+                merged_dict = {
+                    **keyvalues,
+                    **extra_dst_keyvalues,
+                    **extra_dst_insvalues,
+                    **src_row,
+                    **additive_relatives,
+                }
+                self._simple_insert_txn(txn, into_table, merged_dict)
+            else:
+                for (key, val) in additive_relatives.items():
+                    src_row[key] = dest_current_row[key] + val
+                self._simple_update_txn(txn, into_table, all_dest_keyvalues, src_row)
+
+    def get_changes_room_total_events_and_bytes(self, min_pos, max_pos):
+        """Fetches the counts of events in the given range of stream IDs.
+
+        Args:
+            min_pos (int)
+            max_pos (int)
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred[dict[str, dict[str, int]]]: Mapping of room ID to field
+            changes.
+        """
+
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "stats_incremental_total_events_and_bytes",
+            self.get_changes_room_total_events_and_bytes_txn,
+            min_pos,
+            max_pos,
+        )
+
+    def get_changes_room_total_events_and_bytes_txn(self, txn, low_pos, high_pos):
+        """Gets the total_events and total_event_bytes counts for rooms and
+        senders, in a range of stream_orderings (including backfilled events).
+
+        Args:
+            txn
+            low_pos (int): Low stream ordering
+            high_pos (int): High stream ordering
+
+        Returns:
+            tuple[dict[str, dict[str, int]], dict[str, dict[str, int]]]: The
+            room and user deltas for total_events/total_event_bytes in the
+            format of `stats_id` -> fields
+        """
+
+        if low_pos >= high_pos:
+            # nothing to do here.
+            return {}, {}
+
+        if isinstance(self.database_engine, PostgresEngine):
+            new_bytes_expression = "OCTET_LENGTH(json)"
+        else:
+            new_bytes_expression = "LENGTH(CAST(json AS BLOB))"
+
+        sql = """
+            SELECT events.room_id, COUNT(*) AS new_events, SUM(%s) AS new_bytes
+            FROM events INNER JOIN event_json USING (event_id)
+            WHERE (? < stream_ordering AND stream_ordering <= ?)
+                OR (? <= stream_ordering AND stream_ordering <= ?)
+            GROUP BY events.room_id
+        """ % (
+            new_bytes_expression,
+        )
+
+        txn.execute(sql, (low_pos, high_pos, -high_pos, -low_pos))
+
+        room_deltas = {
+            room_id: {"total_events": new_events, "total_event_bytes": new_bytes}
+            for room_id, new_events, new_bytes in txn
+        }
+
+        sql = """
+            SELECT events.sender, COUNT(*) AS new_events, SUM(%s) AS new_bytes
+            FROM events INNER JOIN event_json USING (event_id)
+            WHERE (? < stream_ordering AND stream_ordering <= ?)
+                OR (? <= stream_ordering AND stream_ordering <= ?)
+            GROUP BY events.sender
+        """ % (
+            new_bytes_expression,
+        )
+
+        txn.execute(sql, (low_pos, high_pos, -high_pos, -low_pos))
+
+        user_deltas = {
+            user_id: {"total_events": new_events, "total_event_bytes": new_bytes}
+            for user_id, new_events, new_bytes in txn
+            if self.hs.is_mine_id(user_id)
+        }
+
+        return room_deltas, user_deltas
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def _calculate_and_set_initial_state_for_room(self, room_id):
+        """Calculate and insert an entry into room_stats_current.
+
+        Args:
+            room_id (str)
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred[tuple[dict, dict, int]]: A tuple of room state, membership
+            counts and stream position.
+        """
+
+        def _fetch_current_state_stats(txn):
+            pos = self.get_room_max_stream_ordering()
+
+            rows = self._simple_select_many_txn(
+                txn,
+                table="current_state_events",
+                column="type",
+                iterable=[
+                    EventTypes.Create,
+                    EventTypes.JoinRules,
+                    EventTypes.RoomHistoryVisibility,
+                    EventTypes.Encryption,
+                    EventTypes.Name,
+                    EventTypes.Topic,
+                    EventTypes.RoomAvatar,
+                    EventTypes.CanonicalAlias,
+                ],
+                keyvalues={"room_id": room_id, "state_key": ""},
+                retcols=["event_id"],
+            )
+
+            event_ids = [row["event_id"] for row in rows]
+
+            txn.execute(
+                """
+                    SELECT membership, count(*) FROM current_state_events
+                    WHERE room_id = ? AND type = 'm.room.member'
+                    GROUP BY membership
+                """,
+                (room_id,),
+            )
+            membership_counts = {membership: cnt for membership, cnt in txn}
+
+            txn.execute(
+                """
+                    SELECT COALESCE(count(*), 0) FROM current_state_events
+                    WHERE room_id = ?
+                """,
+                (room_id,),
+            )
+
+            current_state_events_count, = txn.fetchone()
+
+            users_in_room = self.get_users_in_room_txn(txn, room_id)
+
+            return (
+                event_ids,
+                membership_counts,
+                current_state_events_count,
+                users_in_room,
+                pos,
+            )
+
+        (
+            event_ids,
+            membership_counts,
+            current_state_events_count,
+            users_in_room,
+            pos,
+        ) = yield self.runInteraction(
+            "get_initial_state_for_room", _fetch_current_state_stats
+        )
+
+        state_event_map = yield self.get_events(event_ids, get_prev_content=False)
+
+        room_state = {
+            "join_rules": None,
+            "history_visibility": None,
+            "encryption": None,
+            "name": None,
+            "topic": None,
+            "avatar": None,
+            "canonical_alias": None,
+            "is_federatable": True,
+        }
+
+        for event in state_event_map.values():
+            if event.type == EventTypes.JoinRules:
+                room_state["join_rules"] = event.content.get("join_rule")
+            elif event.type == EventTypes.RoomHistoryVisibility:
+                room_state["history_visibility"] = event.content.get(
+                    "history_visibility"
+                )
+            elif event.type == EventTypes.Encryption:
+                room_state["encryption"] = event.content.get("algorithm")
+            elif event.type == EventTypes.Name:
+                room_state["name"] = event.content.get("name")
+            elif event.type == EventTypes.Topic:
+                room_state["topic"] = event.content.get("topic")
+            elif event.type == EventTypes.RoomAvatar:
+                room_state["avatar"] = event.content.get("url")
+            elif event.type == EventTypes.CanonicalAlias:
+                room_state["canonical_alias"] = event.content.get("alias")
+            elif event.type == EventTypes.Create:
+                room_state["is_federatable"] = (
+                    event.content.get("m.federate", True) is True
+                )
+
+        yield self.update_room_state(room_id, room_state)
+
+        local_users_in_room = [u for u in users_in_room if self.hs.is_mine_id(u)]
+
+        yield self.update_stats_delta(
+            ts=self.clock.time_msec(),
+            stats_type="room",
+            stats_id=room_id,
+            fields={},
+            complete_with_stream_id=pos,
+            absolute_field_overrides={
+                "current_state_events": current_state_events_count,
+                "joined_members": membership_counts.get(Membership.JOIN, 0),
+                "invited_members": membership_counts.get(Membership.INVITE, 0),
+                "left_members": membership_counts.get(Membership.LEAVE, 0),
+                "banned_members": membership_counts.get(Membership.BAN, 0),
+                "local_users_in_room": len(local_users_in_room),
+            },
+        )
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def _calculate_and_set_initial_state_for_user(self, user_id):
+        def _calculate_and_set_initial_state_for_user_txn(txn):
+            pos = self._get_max_stream_id_in_current_state_deltas_txn(txn)
+
+            txn.execute(
+                """
+                SELECT COUNT(distinct room_id) FROM current_state_events
+                    WHERE type = 'm.room.member' AND state_key = ?
+                        AND membership = 'join'
+                """,
+                (user_id,),
+            )
+            count, = txn.fetchone()
+            return count, pos
+
+        joined_rooms, pos = yield self.runInteraction(
+            "calculate_and_set_initial_state_for_user",
+            _calculate_and_set_initial_state_for_user_txn,
+        )
+
+        yield self.update_stats_delta(
+            ts=self.clock.time_msec(),
+            stats_type="user",
+            stats_id=user_id,
+            fields={},
+            complete_with_stream_id=pos,
+            absolute_field_overrides={"joined_rooms": joined_rooms},
+        )
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/stream.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/stream.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..263999dfca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/stream.py
@@ -0,0 +1,948 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+""" This module is responsible for getting events from the DB for pagination
+and event streaming.
+
+The order it returns events in depend on whether we are streaming forwards or
+are paginating backwards. We do this because we want to handle out of order
+messages nicely, while still returning them in the correct order when we
+paginate bacwards.
+
+This is implemented by keeping two ordering columns: stream_ordering and
+topological_ordering. Stream ordering is basically insertion/received order
+(except for events from backfill requests). The topological_ordering is a
+weak ordering of events based on the pdu graph.
+
+This means that we have to have two different types of tokens, depending on
+what sort order was used:
+    - stream tokens are of the form: "s%d", which maps directly to the column
+    - topological tokems: "t%d-%d", where the integers map to the topological
+      and stream ordering columns respectively.
+"""
+
+import abc
+import logging
+from collections import namedtuple
+
+from six.moves import range
+
+from twisted.internet import defer
+
+from synapse.logging.context import make_deferred_yieldable, run_in_background
+from synapse.storage._base import SQLBaseStore
+from synapse.storage.data_stores.main.events_worker import EventsWorkerStore
+from synapse.storage.engines import PostgresEngine
+from synapse.types import RoomStreamToken
+from synapse.util.caches.stream_change_cache import StreamChangeCache
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+MAX_STREAM_SIZE = 1000
+
+
+_STREAM_TOKEN = "stream"
+_TOPOLOGICAL_TOKEN = "topological"
+
+
+# Used as return values for pagination APIs
+_EventDictReturn = namedtuple(
+    "_EventDictReturn", ("event_id", "topological_ordering", "stream_ordering")
+)
+
+
+def generate_pagination_where_clause(
+    direction, column_names, from_token, to_token, engine
+):
+    """Creates an SQL expression to bound the columns by the pagination
+    tokens.
+
+    For example creates an SQL expression like:
+
+        (6, 7) >= (topological_ordering, stream_ordering)
+        AND (5, 3) < (topological_ordering, stream_ordering)
+
+    would be generated for dir=b, from_token=(6, 7) and to_token=(5, 3).
+
+    Note that tokens are considered to be after the row they are in, e.g. if
+    a row A has a token T, then we consider A to be before T. This convention
+    is important when figuring out inequalities for the generated SQL, and
+    produces the following result:
+        - If paginating forwards then we exclude any rows matching the from
+          token, but include those that match the to token.
+        - If paginating backwards then we include any rows matching the from
+          token, but include those that match the to token.
+
+    Args:
+        direction (str): Whether we're paginating backwards("b") or
+            forwards ("f").
+        column_names (tuple[str, str]): The column names to bound. Must *not*
+            be user defined as these get inserted directly into the SQL
+            statement without escapes.
+        from_token (tuple[int, int]|None): The start point for the pagination.
+            This is an exclusive minimum bound if direction is "f", and an
+            inclusive maximum bound if direction is "b".
+        to_token (tuple[int, int]|None): The endpoint point for the pagination.
+            This is an inclusive maximum bound if direction is "f", and an
+            exclusive minimum bound if direction is "b".
+        engine: The database engine to generate the clauses for
+
+    Returns:
+        str: The sql expression
+    """
+    assert direction in ("b", "f")
+
+    where_clause = []
+    if from_token:
+        where_clause.append(
+            _make_generic_sql_bound(
+                bound=">=" if direction == "b" else "<",
+                column_names=column_names,
+                values=from_token,
+                engine=engine,
+            )
+        )
+
+    if to_token:
+        where_clause.append(
+            _make_generic_sql_bound(
+                bound="<" if direction == "b" else ">=",
+                column_names=column_names,
+                values=to_token,
+                engine=engine,
+            )
+        )
+
+    return " AND ".join(where_clause)
+
+
+def _make_generic_sql_bound(bound, column_names, values, engine):
+    """Create an SQL expression that bounds the given column names by the
+    values, e.g. create the equivalent of `(1, 2) < (col1, col2)`.
+
+    Only works with two columns.
+
+    Older versions of SQLite don't support that syntax so we have to expand it
+    out manually.
+
+    Args:
+        bound (str): The comparison operator to use. One of ">", "<", ">=",
+            "<=", where the values are on the left and columns on the right.
+        names (tuple[str, str]): The column names. Must *not* be user defined
+            as these get inserted directly into the SQL statement without
+            escapes.
+        values (tuple[int|None, int]): The values to bound the columns by. If
+            the first value is None then only creates a bound on the second
+            column.
+        engine: The database engine to generate the SQL for
+
+    Returns:
+        str
+    """
+
+    assert bound in (">", "<", ">=", "<=")
+
+    name1, name2 = column_names
+    val1, val2 = values
+
+    if val1 is None:
+        val2 = int(val2)
+        return "(%d %s %s)" % (val2, bound, name2)
+
+    val1 = int(val1)
+    val2 = int(val2)
+
+    if isinstance(engine, PostgresEngine):
+        # Postgres doesn't optimise ``(x < a) OR (x=a AND y<b)`` as well
+        # as it optimises ``(x,y) < (a,b)`` on multicolumn indexes. So we
+        # use the later form when running against postgres.
+        return "((%d,%d) %s (%s,%s))" % (val1, val2, bound, name1, name2)
+
+    # We want to generate queries of e.g. the form:
+    #
+    #   (val1 < name1 OR (val1 = name1 AND val2 <= name2))
+    #
+    # which is equivalent to (val1, val2) < (name1, name2)
+
+    return """(
+        {val1:d} {strict_bound} {name1}
+        OR ({val1:d} = {name1} AND {val2:d} {bound} {name2})
+    )""".format(
+        name1=name1,
+        val1=val1,
+        name2=name2,
+        val2=val2,
+        strict_bound=bound[0],  # The first bound must always be strict equality here
+        bound=bound,
+    )
+
+
+def filter_to_clause(event_filter):
+    # NB: This may create SQL clauses that don't optimise well (and we don't
+    # have indices on all possible clauses). E.g. it may create
+    # "room_id == X AND room_id != X", which postgres doesn't optimise.
+
+    if not event_filter:
+        return "", []
+
+    clauses = []
+    args = []
+
+    if event_filter.types:
+        clauses.append("(%s)" % " OR ".join("type = ?" for _ in event_filter.types))
+        args.extend(event_filter.types)
+
+    for typ in event_filter.not_types:
+        clauses.append("type != ?")
+        args.append(typ)
+
+    if event_filter.senders:
+        clauses.append("(%s)" % " OR ".join("sender = ?" for _ in event_filter.senders))
+        args.extend(event_filter.senders)
+
+    for sender in event_filter.not_senders:
+        clauses.append("sender != ?")
+        args.append(sender)
+
+    if event_filter.rooms:
+        clauses.append("(%s)" % " OR ".join("room_id = ?" for _ in event_filter.rooms))
+        args.extend(event_filter.rooms)
+
+    for room_id in event_filter.not_rooms:
+        clauses.append("room_id != ?")
+        args.append(room_id)
+
+    if event_filter.contains_url:
+        clauses.append("contains_url = ?")
+        args.append(event_filter.contains_url)
+
+    return " AND ".join(clauses), args
+
+
+class StreamWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
+    """This is an abstract base class where subclasses must implement
+    `get_room_max_stream_ordering` and `get_room_min_stream_ordering`
+    which can be called in the initializer.
+    """
+
+    __metaclass__ = abc.ABCMeta
+
+    def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
+        super(StreamWorkerStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
+
+        events_max = self.get_room_max_stream_ordering()
+        event_cache_prefill, min_event_val = self._get_cache_dict(
+            db_conn,
+            "events",
+            entity_column="room_id",
+            stream_column="stream_ordering",
+            max_value=events_max,
+        )
+        self._events_stream_cache = StreamChangeCache(
+            "EventsRoomStreamChangeCache",
+            min_event_val,
+            prefilled_cache=event_cache_prefill,
+        )
+        self._membership_stream_cache = StreamChangeCache(
+            "MembershipStreamChangeCache", events_max
+        )
+
+        self._stream_order_on_start = self.get_room_max_stream_ordering()
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def get_room_max_stream_ordering(self):
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def get_room_min_stream_ordering(self):
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_room_events_stream_for_rooms(
+        self, room_ids, from_key, to_key, limit=0, order="DESC"
+    ):
+        """Get new room events in stream ordering since `from_key`.
+
+        Args:
+            room_id (str)
+            from_key (str): Token from which no events are returned before
+            to_key (str): Token from which no events are returned after. (This
+                is typically the current stream token)
+            limit (int): Maximum number of events to return
+            order (str): Either "DESC" or "ASC". Determines which events are
+                returned when the result is limited. If "DESC" then the most
+                recent `limit` events are returned, otherwise returns the
+                oldest `limit` events.
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred[dict[str,tuple[list[FrozenEvent], str]]]
+                A map from room id to a tuple containing:
+                    - list of recent events in the room
+                    - stream ordering key for the start of the chunk of events returned.
+        """
+        from_id = RoomStreamToken.parse_stream_token(from_key).stream
+
+        room_ids = yield self._events_stream_cache.get_entities_changed(
+            room_ids, from_id
+        )
+
+        if not room_ids:
+            return {}
+
+        results = {}
+        room_ids = list(room_ids)
+        for rm_ids in (room_ids[i : i + 20] for i in range(0, len(room_ids), 20)):
+            res = yield make_deferred_yieldable(
+                defer.gatherResults(
+                    [
+                        run_in_background(
+                            self.get_room_events_stream_for_room,
+                            room_id,
+                            from_key,
+                            to_key,
+                            limit,
+                            order=order,
+                        )
+                        for room_id in rm_ids
+                    ],
+                    consumeErrors=True,
+                )
+            )
+            results.update(dict(zip(rm_ids, res)))
+
+        return results
+
+    def get_rooms_that_changed(self, room_ids, from_key):
+        """Given a list of rooms and a token, return rooms where there may have
+        been changes.
+
+        Args:
+            room_ids (list)
+            from_key (str): The room_key portion of a StreamToken
+        """
+        from_key = RoomStreamToken.parse_stream_token(from_key).stream
+        return set(
+            room_id
+            for room_id in room_ids
+            if self._events_stream_cache.has_entity_changed(room_id, from_key)
+        )
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_room_events_stream_for_room(
+        self, room_id, from_key, to_key, limit=0, order="DESC"
+    ):
+
+        """Get new room events in stream ordering since `from_key`.
+
+        Args:
+            room_id (str)
+            from_key (str): Token from which no events are returned before
+            to_key (str): Token from which no events are returned after. (This
+                is typically the current stream token)
+            limit (int): Maximum number of events to return
+            order (str): Either "DESC" or "ASC". Determines which events are
+                returned when the result is limited. If "DESC" then the most
+                recent `limit` events are returned, otherwise returns the
+                oldest `limit` events.
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred[tuple[list[FrozenEvent], str]]: Returns the list of
+            events (in ascending order) and the token from the start of
+            the chunk of events returned.
+        """
+        if from_key == to_key:
+            return [], from_key
+
+        from_id = RoomStreamToken.parse_stream_token(from_key).stream
+        to_id = RoomStreamToken.parse_stream_token(to_key).stream
+
+        has_changed = yield self._events_stream_cache.has_entity_changed(
+            room_id, from_id
+        )
+
+        if not has_changed:
+            return [], from_key
+
+        def f(txn):
+            sql = (
+                "SELECT event_id, stream_ordering FROM events WHERE"
+                " room_id = ?"
+                " AND not outlier"
+                " AND stream_ordering > ? AND stream_ordering <= ?"
+                " ORDER BY stream_ordering %s LIMIT ?"
+            ) % (order,)
+            txn.execute(sql, (room_id, from_id, to_id, limit))
+
+            rows = [_EventDictReturn(row[0], None, row[1]) for row in txn]
+            return rows
+
+        rows = yield self.runInteraction("get_room_events_stream_for_room", f)
+
+        ret = yield self.get_events_as_list(
+            [r.event_id for r in rows], get_prev_content=True
+        )
+
+        self._set_before_and_after(ret, rows, topo_order=from_id is None)
+
+        if order.lower() == "desc":
+            ret.reverse()
+
+        if rows:
+            key = "s%d" % min(r.stream_ordering for r in rows)
+        else:
+            # Assume we didn't get anything because there was nothing to
+            # get.
+            key = from_key
+
+        return ret, key
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_membership_changes_for_user(self, user_id, from_key, to_key):
+        from_id = RoomStreamToken.parse_stream_token(from_key).stream
+        to_id = RoomStreamToken.parse_stream_token(to_key).stream
+
+        if from_key == to_key:
+            return []
+
+        if from_id:
+            has_changed = self._membership_stream_cache.has_entity_changed(
+                user_id, int(from_id)
+            )
+            if not has_changed:
+                return []
+
+        def f(txn):
+            sql = (
+                "SELECT m.event_id, stream_ordering FROM events AS e,"
+                " room_memberships AS m"
+                " WHERE e.event_id = m.event_id"
+                " AND m.user_id = ?"
+                " AND e.stream_ordering > ? AND e.stream_ordering <= ?"
+                " ORDER BY e.stream_ordering ASC"
+            )
+            txn.execute(sql, (user_id, from_id, to_id))
+
+            rows = [_EventDictReturn(row[0], None, row[1]) for row in txn]
+
+            return rows
+
+        rows = yield self.runInteraction("get_membership_changes_for_user", f)
+
+        ret = yield self.get_events_as_list(
+            [r.event_id for r in rows], get_prev_content=True
+        )
+
+        self._set_before_and_after(ret, rows, topo_order=False)
+
+        return ret
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_recent_events_for_room(self, room_id, limit, end_token):
+        """Get the most recent events in the room in topological ordering.
+
+        Args:
+            room_id (str)
+            limit (int)
+            end_token (str): The stream token representing now.
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred[tuple[list[FrozenEvent], str]]: Returns a list of
+            events and a token pointing to the start of the returned
+            events.
+            The events returned are in ascending order.
+        """
+
+        rows, token = yield self.get_recent_event_ids_for_room(
+            room_id, limit, end_token
+        )
+
+        logger.debug("stream before")
+        events = yield self.get_events_as_list(
+            [r.event_id for r in rows], get_prev_content=True
+        )
+        logger.debug("stream after")
+
+        self._set_before_and_after(events, rows)
+
+        return (events, token)
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_recent_event_ids_for_room(self, room_id, limit, end_token):
+        """Get the most recent events in the room in topological ordering.
+
+        Args:
+            room_id (str)
+            limit (int)
+            end_token (str): The stream token representing now.
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred[tuple[list[_EventDictReturn], str]]: Returns a list of
+            _EventDictReturn and a token pointing to the start of the returned
+            events.
+            The events returned are in ascending order.
+        """
+        # Allow a zero limit here, and no-op.
+        if limit == 0:
+            return [], end_token
+
+        end_token = RoomStreamToken.parse(end_token)
+
+        rows, token = yield self.runInteraction(
+            "get_recent_event_ids_for_room",
+            self._paginate_room_events_txn,
+            room_id,
+            from_token=end_token,
+            limit=limit,
+        )
+
+        # We want to return the results in ascending order.
+        rows.reverse()
+
+        return rows, token
+
+    def get_room_event_after_stream_ordering(self, room_id, stream_ordering):
+        """Gets details of the first event in a room at or after a stream ordering
+
+        Args:
+            room_id (str):
+            stream_ordering (int):
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred[(int, int, str)]:
+                (stream ordering, topological ordering, event_id)
+        """
+
+        def _f(txn):
+            sql = (
+                "SELECT stream_ordering, topological_ordering, event_id"
+                " FROM events"
+                " WHERE room_id = ? AND stream_ordering >= ?"
+                " AND NOT outlier"
+                " ORDER BY stream_ordering"
+                " LIMIT 1"
+            )
+            txn.execute(sql, (room_id, stream_ordering))
+            return txn.fetchone()
+
+        return self.runInteraction("get_room_event_after_stream_ordering", _f)
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_room_events_max_id(self, room_id=None):
+        """Returns the current token for rooms stream.
+
+        By default, it returns the current global stream token. Specifying a
+        `room_id` causes it to return the current room specific topological
+        token.
+        """
+        token = yield self.get_room_max_stream_ordering()
+        if room_id is None:
+            return "s%d" % (token,)
+        else:
+            topo = yield self.runInteraction(
+                "_get_max_topological_txn", self._get_max_topological_txn, room_id
+            )
+            return "t%d-%d" % (topo, token)
+
+    def get_stream_token_for_event(self, event_id):
+        """The stream token for an event
+        Args:
+            event_id(str): The id of the event to look up a stream token for.
+        Raises:
+            StoreError if the event wasn't in the database.
+        Returns:
+            A deferred "s%d" stream token.
+        """
+        return self._simple_select_one_onecol(
+            table="events", keyvalues={"event_id": event_id}, retcol="stream_ordering"
+        ).addCallback(lambda row: "s%d" % (row,))
+
+    def get_topological_token_for_event(self, event_id):
+        """The stream token for an event
+        Args:
+            event_id(str): The id of the event to look up a stream token for.
+        Raises:
+            StoreError if the event wasn't in the database.
+        Returns:
+            A deferred "t%d-%d" topological token.
+        """
+        return self._simple_select_one(
+            table="events",
+            keyvalues={"event_id": event_id},
+            retcols=("stream_ordering", "topological_ordering"),
+            desc="get_topological_token_for_event",
+        ).addCallback(
+            lambda row: "t%d-%d" % (row["topological_ordering"], row["stream_ordering"])
+        )
+
+    def get_max_topological_token(self, room_id, stream_key):
+        """Get the max topological token in a room before the given stream
+        ordering.
+
+        Args:
+            room_id (str)
+            stream_key (int)
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred[int]
+        """
+        sql = (
+            "SELECT coalesce(max(topological_ordering), 0) FROM events"
+            " WHERE room_id = ? AND stream_ordering < ?"
+        )
+        return self._execute(
+            "get_max_topological_token", None, sql, room_id, stream_key
+        ).addCallback(lambda r: r[0][0] if r else 0)
+
+    def _get_max_topological_txn(self, txn, room_id):
+        txn.execute(
+            "SELECT MAX(topological_ordering) FROM events" " WHERE room_id = ?",
+            (room_id,),
+        )
+
+        rows = txn.fetchall()
+        return rows[0][0] if rows else 0
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _set_before_and_after(events, rows, topo_order=True):
+        """Inserts ordering information to events' internal metadata from
+        the DB rows.
+
+        Args:
+            events (list[FrozenEvent])
+            rows (list[_EventDictReturn])
+            topo_order (bool): Whether the events were ordered topologically
+                or by stream ordering. If true then all rows should have a non
+                null topological_ordering.
+        """
+        for event, row in zip(events, rows):
+            stream = row.stream_ordering
+            if topo_order and row.topological_ordering:
+                topo = row.topological_ordering
+            else:
+                topo = None
+            internal = event.internal_metadata
+            internal.before = str(RoomStreamToken(topo, stream - 1))
+            internal.after = str(RoomStreamToken(topo, stream))
+            internal.order = (int(topo) if topo else 0, int(stream))
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_events_around(
+        self, room_id, event_id, before_limit, after_limit, event_filter=None
+    ):
+        """Retrieve events and pagination tokens around a given event in a
+        room.
+
+        Args:
+            room_id (str)
+            event_id (str)
+            before_limit (int)
+            after_limit (int)
+            event_filter (Filter|None)
+
+        Returns:
+            dict
+        """
+
+        results = yield self.runInteraction(
+            "get_events_around",
+            self._get_events_around_txn,
+            room_id,
+            event_id,
+            before_limit,
+            after_limit,
+            event_filter,
+        )
+
+        events_before = yield self.get_events_as_list(
+            [e for e in results["before"]["event_ids"]], get_prev_content=True
+        )
+
+        events_after = yield self.get_events_as_list(
+            [e for e in results["after"]["event_ids"]], get_prev_content=True
+        )
+
+        return {
+            "events_before": events_before,
+            "events_after": events_after,
+            "start": results["before"]["token"],
+            "end": results["after"]["token"],
+        }
+
+    def _get_events_around_txn(
+        self, txn, room_id, event_id, before_limit, after_limit, event_filter
+    ):
+        """Retrieves event_ids and pagination tokens around a given event in a
+        room.
+
+        Args:
+            room_id (str)
+            event_id (str)
+            before_limit (int)
+            after_limit (int)
+            event_filter (Filter|None)
+
+        Returns:
+            dict
+        """
+
+        results = self._simple_select_one_txn(
+            txn,
+            "events",
+            keyvalues={"event_id": event_id, "room_id": room_id},
+            retcols=["stream_ordering", "topological_ordering"],
+        )
+
+        # Paginating backwards includes the event at the token, but paginating
+        # forward doesn't.
+        before_token = RoomStreamToken(
+            results["topological_ordering"] - 1, results["stream_ordering"]
+        )
+
+        after_token = RoomStreamToken(
+            results["topological_ordering"], results["stream_ordering"]
+        )
+
+        rows, start_token = self._paginate_room_events_txn(
+            txn,
+            room_id,
+            before_token,
+            direction="b",
+            limit=before_limit,
+            event_filter=event_filter,
+        )
+        events_before = [r.event_id for r in rows]
+
+        rows, end_token = self._paginate_room_events_txn(
+            txn,
+            room_id,
+            after_token,
+            direction="f",
+            limit=after_limit,
+            event_filter=event_filter,
+        )
+        events_after = [r.event_id for r in rows]
+
+        return {
+            "before": {"event_ids": events_before, "token": start_token},
+            "after": {"event_ids": events_after, "token": end_token},
+        }
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_all_new_events_stream(self, from_id, current_id, limit):
+        """Get all new events
+
+         Returns all events with from_id < stream_ordering <= current_id.
+
+         Args:
+             from_id (int):  the stream_ordering of the last event we processed
+             current_id (int):  the stream_ordering of the most recently processed event
+             limit (int): the maximum number of events to return
+
+         Returns:
+             Deferred[Tuple[int, list[FrozenEvent]]]: A tuple of (next_id, events), where
+             `next_id` is the next value to pass as `from_id` (it will either be the
+             stream_ordering of the last returned event, or, if fewer than `limit` events
+             were found, `current_id`.
+         """
+
+        def get_all_new_events_stream_txn(txn):
+            sql = (
+                "SELECT e.stream_ordering, e.event_id"
+                " FROM events AS e"
+                " WHERE"
+                " ? < e.stream_ordering AND e.stream_ordering <= ?"
+                " ORDER BY e.stream_ordering ASC"
+                " LIMIT ?"
+            )
+
+            txn.execute(sql, (from_id, current_id, limit))
+            rows = txn.fetchall()
+
+            upper_bound = current_id
+            if len(rows) == limit:
+                upper_bound = rows[-1][0]
+
+            return upper_bound, [row[1] for row in rows]
+
+        upper_bound, event_ids = yield self.runInteraction(
+            "get_all_new_events_stream", get_all_new_events_stream_txn
+        )
+
+        events = yield self.get_events_as_list(event_ids)
+
+        return upper_bound, events
+
+    def get_federation_out_pos(self, typ):
+        return self._simple_select_one_onecol(
+            table="federation_stream_position",
+            retcol="stream_id",
+            keyvalues={"type": typ},
+            desc="get_federation_out_pos",
+        )
+
+    def update_federation_out_pos(self, typ, stream_id):
+        return self._simple_update_one(
+            table="federation_stream_position",
+            keyvalues={"type": typ},
+            updatevalues={"stream_id": stream_id},
+            desc="update_federation_out_pos",
+        )
+
+    def has_room_changed_since(self, room_id, stream_id):
+        return self._events_stream_cache.has_entity_changed(room_id, stream_id)
+
+    def _paginate_room_events_txn(
+        self,
+        txn,
+        room_id,
+        from_token,
+        to_token=None,
+        direction="b",
+        limit=-1,
+        event_filter=None,
+    ):
+        """Returns list of events before or after a given token.
+
+        Args:
+            txn
+            room_id (str)
+            from_token (RoomStreamToken): The token used to stream from
+            to_token (RoomStreamToken|None): A token which if given limits the
+                results to only those before
+            direction(char): Either 'b' or 'f' to indicate whether we are
+                paginating forwards or backwards from `from_key`.
+            limit (int): The maximum number of events to return.
+            event_filter (Filter|None): If provided filters the events to
+                those that match the filter.
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred[tuple[list[_EventDictReturn], str]]: Returns the results
+            as a list of _EventDictReturn and a token that points to the end
+            of the result set. If no events are returned then the end of the
+            stream has been reached (i.e. there are no events between
+            `from_token` and `to_token`), or `limit` is zero.
+        """
+
+        assert int(limit) >= 0
+
+        # Tokens really represent positions between elements, but we use
+        # the convention of pointing to the event before the gap. Hence
+        # we have a bit of asymmetry when it comes to equalities.
+        args = [False, room_id]
+        if direction == "b":
+            order = "DESC"
+        else:
+            order = "ASC"
+
+        bounds = generate_pagination_where_clause(
+            direction=direction,
+            column_names=("topological_ordering", "stream_ordering"),
+            from_token=from_token,
+            to_token=to_token,
+            engine=self.database_engine,
+        )
+
+        filter_clause, filter_args = filter_to_clause(event_filter)
+
+        if filter_clause:
+            bounds += " AND " + filter_clause
+            args.extend(filter_args)
+
+        args.append(int(limit))
+
+        sql = (
+            "SELECT event_id, topological_ordering, stream_ordering"
+            " FROM events"
+            " WHERE outlier = ? AND room_id = ? AND %(bounds)s"
+            " ORDER BY topological_ordering %(order)s,"
+            " stream_ordering %(order)s LIMIT ?"
+        ) % {"bounds": bounds, "order": order}
+
+        txn.execute(sql, args)
+
+        rows = [_EventDictReturn(row[0], row[1], row[2]) for row in txn]
+
+        if rows:
+            topo = rows[-1].topological_ordering
+            toke = rows[-1].stream_ordering
+            if direction == "b":
+                # Tokens are positions between events.
+                # This token points *after* the last event in the chunk.
+                # We need it to point to the event before it in the chunk
+                # when we are going backwards so we subtract one from the
+                # stream part.
+                toke -= 1
+            next_token = RoomStreamToken(topo, toke)
+        else:
+            # TODO (erikj): We should work out what to do here instead.
+            next_token = to_token if to_token else from_token
+
+        return rows, str(next_token)
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def paginate_room_events(
+        self, room_id, from_key, to_key=None, direction="b", limit=-1, event_filter=None
+    ):
+        """Returns list of events before or after a given token.
+
+        Args:
+            room_id (str)
+            from_key (str): The token used to stream from
+            to_key (str|None): A token which if given limits the results to
+                only those before
+            direction(char): Either 'b' or 'f' to indicate whether we are
+                paginating forwards or backwards from `from_key`.
+            limit (int): The maximum number of events to return.
+            event_filter (Filter|None): If provided filters the events to
+                those that match the filter.
+
+        Returns:
+            tuple[list[FrozenEvent], str]: Returns the results as a list of
+            events and a token that points to the end of the result set. If no
+            events are returned then the end of the stream has been reached
+            (i.e. there are no events between `from_key` and `to_key`).
+        """
+
+        from_key = RoomStreamToken.parse(from_key)
+        if to_key:
+            to_key = RoomStreamToken.parse(to_key)
+
+        rows, token = yield self.runInteraction(
+            "paginate_room_events",
+            self._paginate_room_events_txn,
+            room_id,
+            from_key,
+            to_key,
+            direction,
+            limit,
+            event_filter,
+        )
+
+        events = yield self.get_events_as_list(
+            [r.event_id for r in rows], get_prev_content=True
+        )
+
+        self._set_before_and_after(events, rows)
+
+        return (events, token)
+
+
+class StreamStore(StreamWorkerStore):
+    def get_room_max_stream_ordering(self):
+        return self._stream_id_gen.get_current_token()
+
+    def get_room_min_stream_ordering(self):
+        return self._backfill_id_gen.get_current_token()
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/tags.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/tags.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..10d1887f75
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/tags.py
@@ -0,0 +1,265 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+# Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import logging
+
+from six.moves import range
+
+from canonicaljson import json
+
+from twisted.internet import defer
+
+from synapse.storage.data_stores.main.account_data import AccountDataWorkerStore
+from synapse.util.caches.descriptors import cached
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class TagsWorkerStore(AccountDataWorkerStore):
+    @cached()
+    def get_tags_for_user(self, user_id):
+        """Get all the tags for a user.
+
+
+        Args:
+            user_id(str): The user to get the tags for.
+        Returns:
+            A deferred dict mapping from room_id strings to dicts mapping from
+            tag strings to tag content.
+        """
+
+        deferred = self._simple_select_list(
+            "room_tags", {"user_id": user_id}, ["room_id", "tag", "content"]
+        )
+
+        @deferred.addCallback
+        def tags_by_room(rows):
+            tags_by_room = {}
+            for row in rows:
+                room_tags = tags_by_room.setdefault(row["room_id"], {})
+                room_tags[row["tag"]] = json.loads(row["content"])
+            return tags_by_room
+
+        return deferred
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_all_updated_tags(self, last_id, current_id, limit):
+        """Get all the client tags that have changed on the server
+        Args:
+            last_id(int): The position to fetch from.
+            current_id(int): The position to fetch up to.
+        Returns:
+            A deferred list of tuples of stream_id int, user_id string,
+            room_id string, tag string and content string.
+        """
+        if last_id == current_id:
+            return []
+
+        def get_all_updated_tags_txn(txn):
+            sql = (
+                "SELECT stream_id, user_id, room_id"
+                " FROM room_tags_revisions as r"
+                " WHERE ? < stream_id AND stream_id <= ?"
+                " ORDER BY stream_id ASC LIMIT ?"
+            )
+            txn.execute(sql, (last_id, current_id, limit))
+            return txn.fetchall()
+
+        tag_ids = yield self.runInteraction(
+            "get_all_updated_tags", get_all_updated_tags_txn
+        )
+
+        def get_tag_content(txn, tag_ids):
+            sql = (
+                "SELECT tag, content" " FROM room_tags" " WHERE user_id=? AND room_id=?"
+            )
+            results = []
+            for stream_id, user_id, room_id in tag_ids:
+                txn.execute(sql, (user_id, room_id))
+                tags = []
+                for tag, content in txn:
+                    tags.append(json.dumps(tag) + ":" + content)
+                tag_json = "{" + ",".join(tags) + "}"
+                results.append((stream_id, user_id, room_id, tag_json))
+
+            return results
+
+        batch_size = 50
+        results = []
+        for i in range(0, len(tag_ids), batch_size):
+            tags = yield self.runInteraction(
+                "get_all_updated_tag_content",
+                get_tag_content,
+                tag_ids[i : i + batch_size],
+            )
+            results.extend(tags)
+
+        return results
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_updated_tags(self, user_id, stream_id):
+        """Get all the tags for the rooms where the tags have changed since the
+        given version
+
+        Args:
+            user_id(str): The user to get the tags for.
+            stream_id(int): The earliest update to get for the user.
+        Returns:
+            A deferred dict mapping from room_id strings to lists of tag
+            strings for all the rooms that changed since the stream_id token.
+        """
+
+        def get_updated_tags_txn(txn):
+            sql = (
+                "SELECT room_id from room_tags_revisions"
+                " WHERE user_id = ? AND stream_id > ?"
+            )
+            txn.execute(sql, (user_id, stream_id))
+            room_ids = [row[0] for row in txn]
+            return room_ids
+
+        changed = self._account_data_stream_cache.has_entity_changed(
+            user_id, int(stream_id)
+        )
+        if not changed:
+            return {}
+
+        room_ids = yield self.runInteraction("get_updated_tags", get_updated_tags_txn)
+
+        results = {}
+        if room_ids:
+            tags_by_room = yield self.get_tags_for_user(user_id)
+            for room_id in room_ids:
+                results[room_id] = tags_by_room.get(room_id, {})
+
+        return results
+
+    def get_tags_for_room(self, user_id, room_id):
+        """Get all the tags for the given room
+        Args:
+            user_id(str): The user to get tags for
+            room_id(str): The room to get tags for
+        Returns:
+            A deferred list of string tags.
+        """
+        return self._simple_select_list(
+            table="room_tags",
+            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "room_id": room_id},
+            retcols=("tag", "content"),
+            desc="get_tags_for_room",
+        ).addCallback(
+            lambda rows: {row["tag"]: json.loads(row["content"]) for row in rows}
+        )
+
+
+class TagsStore(TagsWorkerStore):
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def add_tag_to_room(self, user_id, room_id, tag, content):
+        """Add a tag to a room for a user.
+        Args:
+            user_id(str): The user to add a tag for.
+            room_id(str): The room to add a tag for.
+            tag(str): The tag name to add.
+            content(dict): A json object to associate with the tag.
+        Returns:
+            A deferred that completes once the tag has been added.
+        """
+        content_json = json.dumps(content)
+
+        def add_tag_txn(txn, next_id):
+            self._simple_upsert_txn(
+                txn,
+                table="room_tags",
+                keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "room_id": room_id, "tag": tag},
+                values={"content": content_json},
+            )
+            self._update_revision_txn(txn, user_id, room_id, next_id)
+
+        with self._account_data_id_gen.get_next() as next_id:
+            yield self.runInteraction("add_tag", add_tag_txn, next_id)
+
+        self.get_tags_for_user.invalidate((user_id,))
+
+        result = self._account_data_id_gen.get_current_token()
+        return result
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def remove_tag_from_room(self, user_id, room_id, tag):
+        """Remove a tag from a room for a user.
+        Returns:
+            A deferred that completes once the tag has been removed
+        """
+
+        def remove_tag_txn(txn, next_id):
+            sql = (
+                "DELETE FROM room_tags "
+                " WHERE user_id = ? AND room_id = ? AND tag = ?"
+            )
+            txn.execute(sql, (user_id, room_id, tag))
+            self._update_revision_txn(txn, user_id, room_id, next_id)
+
+        with self._account_data_id_gen.get_next() as next_id:
+            yield self.runInteraction("remove_tag", remove_tag_txn, next_id)
+
+        self.get_tags_for_user.invalidate((user_id,))
+
+        result = self._account_data_id_gen.get_current_token()
+        return result
+
+    def _update_revision_txn(self, txn, user_id, room_id, next_id):
+        """Update the latest revision of the tags for the given user and room.
+
+        Args:
+            txn: The database cursor
+            user_id(str): The ID of the user.
+            room_id(str): The ID of the room.
+            next_id(int): The the revision to advance to.
+        """
+
+        txn.call_after(
+            self._account_data_stream_cache.entity_has_changed, user_id, next_id
+        )
+
+        update_max_id_sql = (
+            "UPDATE account_data_max_stream_id"
+            " SET stream_id = ?"
+            " WHERE stream_id < ?"
+        )
+        txn.execute(update_max_id_sql, (next_id, next_id))
+
+        update_sql = (
+            "UPDATE room_tags_revisions"
+            " SET stream_id = ?"
+            " WHERE user_id = ?"
+            " AND room_id = ?"
+        )
+        txn.execute(update_sql, (next_id, user_id, room_id))
+
+        if txn.rowcount == 0:
+            insert_sql = (
+                "INSERT INTO room_tags_revisions (user_id, room_id, stream_id)"
+                " VALUES (?, ?, ?)"
+            )
+            try:
+                txn.execute(insert_sql, (user_id, room_id, next_id))
+            except self.database_engine.module.IntegrityError:
+                # Ignore insertion errors. It doesn't matter if the row wasn't
+                # inserted because if two updates happend concurrently the one
+                # with the higher stream_id will not be reported to a client
+                # unless the previous update has completed. It doesn't matter
+                # which stream_id ends up in the table, as long as it is higher
+                # than the id that the client has.
+                pass
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/transactions.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/transactions.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..01b1be5e14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/transactions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,273 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import logging
+from collections import namedtuple
+
+import six
+
+from canonicaljson import encode_canonical_json
+
+from twisted.internet import defer
+
+from synapse.metrics.background_process_metrics import run_as_background_process
+from synapse.storage._base import SQLBaseStore, db_to_json
+from synapse.util.caches.expiringcache import ExpiringCache
+
+# py2 sqlite has buffer hardcoded as only binary type, so we must use it,
+# despite being deprecated and removed in favor of memoryview
+if six.PY2:
+    db_binary_type = six.moves.builtins.buffer
+else:
+    db_binary_type = memoryview
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+_TransactionRow = namedtuple(
+    "_TransactionRow",
+    ("id", "transaction_id", "destination", "ts", "response_code", "response_json"),
+)
+
+_UpdateTransactionRow = namedtuple(
+    "_TransactionRow", ("response_code", "response_json")
+)
+
+SENTINEL = object()
+
+
+class TransactionStore(SQLBaseStore):
+    """A collection of queries for handling PDUs.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
+        super(TransactionStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
+
+        self._clock.looping_call(self._start_cleanup_transactions, 30 * 60 * 1000)
+
+        self._destination_retry_cache = ExpiringCache(
+            cache_name="get_destination_retry_timings",
+            clock=self._clock,
+            expiry_ms=5 * 60 * 1000,
+        )
+
+    def get_received_txn_response(self, transaction_id, origin):
+        """For an incoming transaction from a given origin, check if we have
+        already responded to it. If so, return the response code and response
+        body (as a dict).
+
+        Args:
+            transaction_id (str)
+            origin(str)
+
+        Returns:
+            tuple: None if we have not previously responded to
+            this transaction or a 2-tuple of (int, dict)
+        """
+
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "get_received_txn_response",
+            self._get_received_txn_response,
+            transaction_id,
+            origin,
+        )
+
+    def _get_received_txn_response(self, txn, transaction_id, origin):
+        result = self._simple_select_one_txn(
+            txn,
+            table="received_transactions",
+            keyvalues={"transaction_id": transaction_id, "origin": origin},
+            retcols=(
+                "transaction_id",
+                "origin",
+                "ts",
+                "response_code",
+                "response_json",
+                "has_been_referenced",
+            ),
+            allow_none=True,
+        )
+
+        if result and result["response_code"]:
+            return result["response_code"], db_to_json(result["response_json"])
+
+        else:
+            return None
+
+    def set_received_txn_response(self, transaction_id, origin, code, response_dict):
+        """Persist the response we returened for an incoming transaction, and
+        should return for subsequent transactions with the same transaction_id
+        and origin.
+
+        Args:
+            txn
+            transaction_id (str)
+            origin (str)
+            code (int)
+            response_json (str)
+        """
+
+        return self._simple_insert(
+            table="received_transactions",
+            values={
+                "transaction_id": transaction_id,
+                "origin": origin,
+                "response_code": code,
+                "response_json": db_binary_type(encode_canonical_json(response_dict)),
+                "ts": self._clock.time_msec(),
+            },
+            or_ignore=True,
+            desc="set_received_txn_response",
+        )
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_destination_retry_timings(self, destination):
+        """Gets the current retry timings (if any) for a given destination.
+
+        Args:
+            destination (str)
+
+        Returns:
+            None if not retrying
+            Otherwise a dict for the retry scheme
+        """
+
+        result = self._destination_retry_cache.get(destination, SENTINEL)
+        if result is not SENTINEL:
+            return result
+
+        result = yield self.runInteraction(
+            "get_destination_retry_timings",
+            self._get_destination_retry_timings,
+            destination,
+        )
+
+        # We don't hugely care about race conditions between getting and
+        # invalidating the cache, since we time out fairly quickly anyway.
+        self._destination_retry_cache[destination] = result
+        return result
+
+    def _get_destination_retry_timings(self, txn, destination):
+        result = self._simple_select_one_txn(
+            txn,
+            table="destinations",
+            keyvalues={"destination": destination},
+            retcols=("destination", "failure_ts", "retry_last_ts", "retry_interval"),
+            allow_none=True,
+        )
+
+        if result and result["retry_last_ts"] > 0:
+            return result
+        else:
+            return None
+
+    def set_destination_retry_timings(
+        self, destination, failure_ts, retry_last_ts, retry_interval
+    ):
+        """Sets the current retry timings for a given destination.
+        Both timings should be zero if retrying is no longer occuring.
+
+        Args:
+            destination (str)
+            failure_ts (int|None) - when the server started failing (ms since epoch)
+            retry_last_ts (int) - time of last retry attempt in unix epoch ms
+            retry_interval (int) - how long until next retry in ms
+        """
+
+        self._destination_retry_cache.pop(destination, None)
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "set_destination_retry_timings",
+            self._set_destination_retry_timings,
+            destination,
+            failure_ts,
+            retry_last_ts,
+            retry_interval,
+        )
+
+    def _set_destination_retry_timings(
+        self, txn, destination, failure_ts, retry_last_ts, retry_interval
+    ):
+
+        if self.database_engine.can_native_upsert:
+            # Upsert retry time interval if retry_interval is zero (i.e. we're
+            # resetting it) or greater than the existing retry interval.
+
+            sql = """
+                INSERT INTO destinations (
+                    destination, failure_ts, retry_last_ts, retry_interval
+                )
+                    VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)
+                ON CONFLICT (destination) DO UPDATE SET
+                        failure_ts = EXCLUDED.failure_ts,
+                        retry_last_ts = EXCLUDED.retry_last_ts,
+                        retry_interval = EXCLUDED.retry_interval
+                    WHERE
+                        EXCLUDED.retry_interval = 0
+                        OR destinations.retry_interval < EXCLUDED.retry_interval
+            """
+
+            txn.execute(sql, (destination, failure_ts, retry_last_ts, retry_interval))
+
+            return
+
+        self.database_engine.lock_table(txn, "destinations")
+
+        # We need to be careful here as the data may have changed from under us
+        # due to a worker setting the timings.
+
+        prev_row = self._simple_select_one_txn(
+            txn,
+            table="destinations",
+            keyvalues={"destination": destination},
+            retcols=("failure_ts", "retry_last_ts", "retry_interval"),
+            allow_none=True,
+        )
+
+        if not prev_row:
+            self._simple_insert_txn(
+                txn,
+                table="destinations",
+                values={
+                    "destination": destination,
+                    "failure_ts": failure_ts,
+                    "retry_last_ts": retry_last_ts,
+                    "retry_interval": retry_interval,
+                },
+            )
+        elif retry_interval == 0 or prev_row["retry_interval"] < retry_interval:
+            self._simple_update_one_txn(
+                txn,
+                "destinations",
+                keyvalues={"destination": destination},
+                updatevalues={
+                    "failure_ts": failure_ts,
+                    "retry_last_ts": retry_last_ts,
+                    "retry_interval": retry_interval,
+                },
+            )
+
+    def _start_cleanup_transactions(self):
+        return run_as_background_process(
+            "cleanup_transactions", self._cleanup_transactions
+        )
+
+    def _cleanup_transactions(self):
+        now = self._clock.time_msec()
+        month_ago = now - 30 * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000
+
+        def _cleanup_transactions_txn(txn):
+            txn.execute("DELETE FROM received_transactions WHERE ts < ?", (month_ago,))
+
+        return self.runInteraction("_cleanup_transactions", _cleanup_transactions_txn)
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/user_directory.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/user_directory.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..652abe0e6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/user_directory.py
@@ -0,0 +1,827 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import logging
+import re
+
+from twisted.internet import defer
+
+from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes, JoinRules
+from synapse.storage.background_updates import BackgroundUpdateStore
+from synapse.storage.data_stores.main.state import StateFilter
+from synapse.storage.data_stores.main.state_deltas import StateDeltasStore
+from synapse.storage.engines import PostgresEngine, Sqlite3Engine
+from synapse.types import get_domain_from_id, get_localpart_from_id
+from synapse.util.caches.descriptors import cached
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+TEMP_TABLE = "_temp_populate_user_directory"
+
+
+class UserDirectoryBackgroundUpdateStore(StateDeltasStore, BackgroundUpdateStore):
+
+    # How many records do we calculate before sending it to
+    # add_users_who_share_private_rooms?
+    SHARE_PRIVATE_WORKING_SET = 500
+
+    def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
+        super(UserDirectoryBackgroundUpdateStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
+
+        self.server_name = hs.hostname
+
+        self.register_background_update_handler(
+            "populate_user_directory_createtables",
+            self._populate_user_directory_createtables,
+        )
+        self.register_background_update_handler(
+            "populate_user_directory_process_rooms",
+            self._populate_user_directory_process_rooms,
+        )
+        self.register_background_update_handler(
+            "populate_user_directory_process_users",
+            self._populate_user_directory_process_users,
+        )
+        self.register_background_update_handler(
+            "populate_user_directory_cleanup", self._populate_user_directory_cleanup
+        )
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def _populate_user_directory_createtables(self, progress, batch_size):
+
+        # Get all the rooms that we want to process.
+        def _make_staging_area(txn):
+            sql = (
+                "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "
+                + TEMP_TABLE
+                + "_rooms(room_id TEXT NOT NULL, events BIGINT NOT NULL)"
+            )
+            txn.execute(sql)
+
+            sql = (
+                "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "
+                + TEMP_TABLE
+                + "_position(position TEXT NOT NULL)"
+            )
+            txn.execute(sql)
+
+            # Get rooms we want to process from the database
+            sql = """
+                SELECT room_id, count(*) FROM current_state_events
+                GROUP BY room_id
+            """
+            txn.execute(sql)
+            rooms = [{"room_id": x[0], "events": x[1]} for x in txn.fetchall()]
+            self._simple_insert_many_txn(txn, TEMP_TABLE + "_rooms", rooms)
+            del rooms
+
+            # If search all users is on, get all the users we want to add.
+            if self.hs.config.user_directory_search_all_users:
+                sql = (
+                    "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "
+                    + TEMP_TABLE
+                    + "_users(user_id TEXT NOT NULL)"
+                )
+                txn.execute(sql)
+
+                txn.execute("SELECT name FROM users")
+                users = [{"user_id": x[0]} for x in txn.fetchall()]
+
+                self._simple_insert_many_txn(txn, TEMP_TABLE + "_users", users)
+
+        new_pos = yield self.get_max_stream_id_in_current_state_deltas()
+        yield self.runInteraction(
+            "populate_user_directory_temp_build", _make_staging_area
+        )
+        yield self._simple_insert(TEMP_TABLE + "_position", {"position": new_pos})
+
+        yield self._end_background_update("populate_user_directory_createtables")
+        return 1
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def _populate_user_directory_cleanup(self, progress, batch_size):
+        """
+        Update the user directory stream position, then clean up the old tables.
+        """
+        position = yield self._simple_select_one_onecol(
+            TEMP_TABLE + "_position", None, "position"
+        )
+        yield self.update_user_directory_stream_pos(position)
+
+        def _delete_staging_area(txn):
+            txn.execute("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS " + TEMP_TABLE + "_rooms")
+            txn.execute("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS " + TEMP_TABLE + "_users")
+            txn.execute("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS " + TEMP_TABLE + "_position")
+
+        yield self.runInteraction(
+            "populate_user_directory_cleanup", _delete_staging_area
+        )
+
+        yield self._end_background_update("populate_user_directory_cleanup")
+        return 1
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def _populate_user_directory_process_rooms(self, progress, batch_size):
+        """
+        Args:
+            progress (dict)
+            batch_size (int): Maximum number of state events to process
+                per cycle.
+        """
+        state = self.hs.get_state_handler()
+
+        # If we don't have progress filed, delete everything.
+        if not progress:
+            yield self.delete_all_from_user_dir()
+
+        def _get_next_batch(txn):
+            # Only fetch 250 rooms, so we don't fetch too many at once, even
+            # if those 250 rooms have less than batch_size state events.
+            sql = """
+                SELECT room_id, events FROM %s
+                ORDER BY events DESC
+                LIMIT 250
+            """ % (
+                TEMP_TABLE + "_rooms",
+            )
+            txn.execute(sql)
+            rooms_to_work_on = txn.fetchall()
+
+            if not rooms_to_work_on:
+                return None
+
+            # Get how many are left to process, so we can give status on how
+            # far we are in processing
+            txn.execute("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM " + TEMP_TABLE + "_rooms")
+            progress["remaining"] = txn.fetchone()[0]
+
+            return rooms_to_work_on
+
+        rooms_to_work_on = yield self.runInteraction(
+            "populate_user_directory_temp_read", _get_next_batch
+        )
+
+        # No more rooms -- complete the transaction.
+        if not rooms_to_work_on:
+            yield self._end_background_update("populate_user_directory_process_rooms")
+            return 1
+
+        logger.info(
+            "Processing the next %d rooms of %d remaining"
+            % (len(rooms_to_work_on), progress["remaining"])
+        )
+
+        processed_event_count = 0
+
+        for room_id, event_count in rooms_to_work_on:
+            is_in_room = yield self.is_host_joined(room_id, self.server_name)
+
+            if is_in_room:
+                is_public = yield self.is_room_world_readable_or_publicly_joinable(
+                    room_id
+                )
+
+                users_with_profile = yield state.get_current_users_in_room(room_id)
+                user_ids = set(users_with_profile)
+
+                # Update each user in the user directory.
+                for user_id, profile in users_with_profile.items():
+                    yield self.update_profile_in_user_dir(
+                        user_id, profile.display_name, profile.avatar_url
+                    )
+
+                to_insert = set()
+
+                if is_public:
+                    for user_id in user_ids:
+                        if self.get_if_app_services_interested_in_user(user_id):
+                            continue
+
+                        to_insert.add(user_id)
+
+                    if to_insert:
+                        yield self.add_users_in_public_rooms(room_id, to_insert)
+                        to_insert.clear()
+                else:
+                    for user_id in user_ids:
+                        if not self.hs.is_mine_id(user_id):
+                            continue
+
+                        if self.get_if_app_services_interested_in_user(user_id):
+                            continue
+
+                        for other_user_id in user_ids:
+                            if user_id == other_user_id:
+                                continue
+
+                            user_set = (user_id, other_user_id)
+                            to_insert.add(user_set)
+
+                            # If it gets too big, stop and write to the database
+                            # to prevent storing too much in RAM.
+                            if len(to_insert) >= self.SHARE_PRIVATE_WORKING_SET:
+                                yield self.add_users_who_share_private_room(
+                                    room_id, to_insert
+                                )
+                                to_insert.clear()
+
+                    if to_insert:
+                        yield self.add_users_who_share_private_room(room_id, to_insert)
+                        to_insert.clear()
+
+            # We've finished a room. Delete it from the table.
+            yield self._simple_delete_one(TEMP_TABLE + "_rooms", {"room_id": room_id})
+            # Update the remaining counter.
+            progress["remaining"] -= 1
+            yield self.runInteraction(
+                "populate_user_directory",
+                self._background_update_progress_txn,
+                "populate_user_directory_process_rooms",
+                progress,
+            )
+
+            processed_event_count += event_count
+
+            if processed_event_count > batch_size:
+                # Don't process any more rooms, we've hit our batch size.
+                return processed_event_count
+
+        return processed_event_count
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def _populate_user_directory_process_users(self, progress, batch_size):
+        """
+        If search_all_users is enabled, add all of the users to the user directory.
+        """
+        if not self.hs.config.user_directory_search_all_users:
+            yield self._end_background_update("populate_user_directory_process_users")
+            return 1
+
+        def _get_next_batch(txn):
+            sql = "SELECT user_id FROM %s LIMIT %s" % (
+                TEMP_TABLE + "_users",
+                str(batch_size),
+            )
+            txn.execute(sql)
+            users_to_work_on = txn.fetchall()
+
+            if not users_to_work_on:
+                return None
+
+            users_to_work_on = [x[0] for x in users_to_work_on]
+
+            # Get how many are left to process, so we can give status on how
+            # far we are in processing
+            sql = "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM " + TEMP_TABLE + "_users"
+            txn.execute(sql)
+            progress["remaining"] = txn.fetchone()[0]
+
+            return users_to_work_on
+
+        users_to_work_on = yield self.runInteraction(
+            "populate_user_directory_temp_read", _get_next_batch
+        )
+
+        # No more users -- complete the transaction.
+        if not users_to_work_on:
+            yield self._end_background_update("populate_user_directory_process_users")
+            return 1
+
+        logger.info(
+            "Processing the next %d users of %d remaining"
+            % (len(users_to_work_on), progress["remaining"])
+        )
+
+        for user_id in users_to_work_on:
+            profile = yield self.get_profileinfo(get_localpart_from_id(user_id))
+            yield self.update_profile_in_user_dir(
+                user_id, profile.display_name, profile.avatar_url
+            )
+
+            # We've finished processing a user. Delete it from the table.
+            yield self._simple_delete_one(TEMP_TABLE + "_users", {"user_id": user_id})
+            # Update the remaining counter.
+            progress["remaining"] -= 1
+            yield self.runInteraction(
+                "populate_user_directory",
+                self._background_update_progress_txn,
+                "populate_user_directory_process_users",
+                progress,
+            )
+
+        return len(users_to_work_on)
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def is_room_world_readable_or_publicly_joinable(self, room_id):
+        """Check if the room is either world_readable or publically joinable
+        """
+
+        # Create a state filter that only queries join and history state event
+        types_to_filter = (
+            (EventTypes.JoinRules, ""),
+            (EventTypes.RoomHistoryVisibility, ""),
+        )
+
+        current_state_ids = yield self.get_filtered_current_state_ids(
+            room_id, StateFilter.from_types(types_to_filter)
+        )
+
+        join_rules_id = current_state_ids.get((EventTypes.JoinRules, ""))
+        if join_rules_id:
+            join_rule_ev = yield self.get_event(join_rules_id, allow_none=True)
+            if join_rule_ev:
+                if join_rule_ev.content.get("join_rule") == JoinRules.PUBLIC:
+                    return True
+
+        hist_vis_id = current_state_ids.get((EventTypes.RoomHistoryVisibility, ""))
+        if hist_vis_id:
+            hist_vis_ev = yield self.get_event(hist_vis_id, allow_none=True)
+            if hist_vis_ev:
+                if hist_vis_ev.content.get("history_visibility") == "world_readable":
+                    return True
+
+        return False
+
+    def update_profile_in_user_dir(self, user_id, display_name, avatar_url):
+        """
+        Update or add a user's profile in the user directory.
+        """
+
+        def _update_profile_in_user_dir_txn(txn):
+            new_entry = self._simple_upsert_txn(
+                txn,
+                table="user_directory",
+                keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
+                values={"display_name": display_name, "avatar_url": avatar_url},
+                lock=False,  # We're only inserter
+            )
+
+            if isinstance(self.database_engine, PostgresEngine):
+                # We weight the localpart most highly, then display name and finally
+                # server name
+                if self.database_engine.can_native_upsert:
+                    sql = """
+                        INSERT INTO user_directory_search(user_id, vector)
+                        VALUES (?,
+                            setweight(to_tsvector('english', ?), 'A')
+                            || setweight(to_tsvector('english', ?), 'D')
+                            || setweight(to_tsvector('english', COALESCE(?, '')), 'B')
+                        ) ON CONFLICT (user_id) DO UPDATE SET vector=EXCLUDED.vector
+                    """
+                    txn.execute(
+                        sql,
+                        (
+                            user_id,
+                            get_localpart_from_id(user_id),
+                            get_domain_from_id(user_id),
+                            display_name,
+                        ),
+                    )
+                else:
+                    # TODO: Remove this code after we've bumped the minimum version
+                    # of postgres to always support upserts, so we can get rid of
+                    # `new_entry` usage
+                    if new_entry is True:
+                        sql = """
+                            INSERT INTO user_directory_search(user_id, vector)
+                            VALUES (?,
+                                setweight(to_tsvector('english', ?), 'A')
+                                || setweight(to_tsvector('english', ?), 'D')
+                                || setweight(to_tsvector('english', COALESCE(?, '')), 'B')
+                            )
+                        """
+                        txn.execute(
+                            sql,
+                            (
+                                user_id,
+                                get_localpart_from_id(user_id),
+                                get_domain_from_id(user_id),
+                                display_name,
+                            ),
+                        )
+                    elif new_entry is False:
+                        sql = """
+                            UPDATE user_directory_search
+                            SET vector = setweight(to_tsvector('english', ?), 'A')
+                                || setweight(to_tsvector('english', ?), 'D')
+                                || setweight(to_tsvector('english', COALESCE(?, '')), 'B')
+                            WHERE user_id = ?
+                        """
+                        txn.execute(
+                            sql,
+                            (
+                                get_localpart_from_id(user_id),
+                                get_domain_from_id(user_id),
+                                display_name,
+                                user_id,
+                            ),
+                        )
+                    else:
+                        raise RuntimeError(
+                            "upsert returned None when 'can_native_upsert' is False"
+                        )
+            elif isinstance(self.database_engine, Sqlite3Engine):
+                value = "%s %s" % (user_id, display_name) if display_name else user_id
+                self._simple_upsert_txn(
+                    txn,
+                    table="user_directory_search",
+                    keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
+                    values={"value": value},
+                    lock=False,  # We're only inserter
+                )
+            else:
+                # This should be unreachable.
+                raise Exception("Unrecognized database engine")
+
+            txn.call_after(self.get_user_in_directory.invalidate, (user_id,))
+
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "update_profile_in_user_dir", _update_profile_in_user_dir_txn
+        )
+
+    def add_users_who_share_private_room(self, room_id, user_id_tuples):
+        """Insert entries into the users_who_share_private_rooms table. The first
+        user should be a local user.
+
+        Args:
+            room_id (str)
+            user_id_tuples([(str, str)]): iterable of 2-tuple of user IDs.
+        """
+
+        def _add_users_who_share_room_txn(txn):
+            self._simple_upsert_many_txn(
+                txn,
+                table="users_who_share_private_rooms",
+                key_names=["user_id", "other_user_id", "room_id"],
+                key_values=[
+                    (user_id, other_user_id, room_id)
+                    for user_id, other_user_id in user_id_tuples
+                ],
+                value_names=(),
+                value_values=None,
+            )
+
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "add_users_who_share_room", _add_users_who_share_room_txn
+        )
+
+    def add_users_in_public_rooms(self, room_id, user_ids):
+        """Insert entries into the users_who_share_private_rooms table. The first
+        user should be a local user.
+
+        Args:
+            room_id (str)
+            user_ids (list[str])
+        """
+
+        def _add_users_in_public_rooms_txn(txn):
+
+            self._simple_upsert_many_txn(
+                txn,
+                table="users_in_public_rooms",
+                key_names=["user_id", "room_id"],
+                key_values=[(user_id, room_id) for user_id in user_ids],
+                value_names=(),
+                value_values=None,
+            )
+
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "add_users_in_public_rooms", _add_users_in_public_rooms_txn
+        )
+
+    def delete_all_from_user_dir(self):
+        """Delete the entire user directory
+        """
+
+        def _delete_all_from_user_dir_txn(txn):
+            txn.execute("DELETE FROM user_directory")
+            txn.execute("DELETE FROM user_directory_search")
+            txn.execute("DELETE FROM users_in_public_rooms")
+            txn.execute("DELETE FROM users_who_share_private_rooms")
+            txn.call_after(self.get_user_in_directory.invalidate_all)
+
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "delete_all_from_user_dir", _delete_all_from_user_dir_txn
+        )
+
+    @cached()
+    def get_user_in_directory(self, user_id):
+        return self._simple_select_one(
+            table="user_directory",
+            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
+            retcols=("display_name", "avatar_url"),
+            allow_none=True,
+            desc="get_user_in_directory",
+        )
+
+    def update_user_directory_stream_pos(self, stream_id):
+        return self._simple_update_one(
+            table="user_directory_stream_pos",
+            keyvalues={},
+            updatevalues={"stream_id": stream_id},
+            desc="update_user_directory_stream_pos",
+        )
+
+
+class UserDirectoryStore(UserDirectoryBackgroundUpdateStore):
+
+    # How many records do we calculate before sending it to
+    # add_users_who_share_private_rooms?
+    SHARE_PRIVATE_WORKING_SET = 500
+
+    def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
+        super(UserDirectoryStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
+
+    def remove_from_user_dir(self, user_id):
+        def _remove_from_user_dir_txn(txn):
+            self._simple_delete_txn(
+                txn, table="user_directory", keyvalues={"user_id": user_id}
+            )
+            self._simple_delete_txn(
+                txn, table="user_directory_search", keyvalues={"user_id": user_id}
+            )
+            self._simple_delete_txn(
+                txn, table="users_in_public_rooms", keyvalues={"user_id": user_id}
+            )
+            self._simple_delete_txn(
+                txn,
+                table="users_who_share_private_rooms",
+                keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
+            )
+            self._simple_delete_txn(
+                txn,
+                table="users_who_share_private_rooms",
+                keyvalues={"other_user_id": user_id},
+            )
+            txn.call_after(self.get_user_in_directory.invalidate, (user_id,))
+
+        return self.runInteraction("remove_from_user_dir", _remove_from_user_dir_txn)
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_users_in_dir_due_to_room(self, room_id):
+        """Get all user_ids that are in the room directory because they're
+        in the given room_id
+        """
+        user_ids_share_pub = yield self._simple_select_onecol(
+            table="users_in_public_rooms",
+            keyvalues={"room_id": room_id},
+            retcol="user_id",
+            desc="get_users_in_dir_due_to_room",
+        )
+
+        user_ids_share_priv = yield self._simple_select_onecol(
+            table="users_who_share_private_rooms",
+            keyvalues={"room_id": room_id},
+            retcol="other_user_id",
+            desc="get_users_in_dir_due_to_room",
+        )
+
+        user_ids = set(user_ids_share_pub)
+        user_ids.update(user_ids_share_priv)
+
+        return user_ids
+
+    def remove_user_who_share_room(self, user_id, room_id):
+        """
+        Deletes entries in the users_who_share_*_rooms table. The first
+        user should be a local user.
+
+        Args:
+            user_id (str)
+            room_id (str)
+        """
+
+        def _remove_user_who_share_room_txn(txn):
+            self._simple_delete_txn(
+                txn,
+                table="users_who_share_private_rooms",
+                keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "room_id": room_id},
+            )
+            self._simple_delete_txn(
+                txn,
+                table="users_who_share_private_rooms",
+                keyvalues={"other_user_id": user_id, "room_id": room_id},
+            )
+            self._simple_delete_txn(
+                txn,
+                table="users_in_public_rooms",
+                keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "room_id": room_id},
+            )
+
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "remove_user_who_share_room", _remove_user_who_share_room_txn
+        )
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_user_dir_rooms_user_is_in(self, user_id):
+        """
+        Returns the rooms that a user is in.
+
+        Args:
+            user_id(str): Must be a local user
+
+        Returns:
+            list: user_id
+        """
+        rows = yield self._simple_select_onecol(
+            table="users_who_share_private_rooms",
+            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
+            retcol="room_id",
+            desc="get_rooms_user_is_in",
+        )
+
+        pub_rows = yield self._simple_select_onecol(
+            table="users_in_public_rooms",
+            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
+            retcol="room_id",
+            desc="get_rooms_user_is_in",
+        )
+
+        users = set(pub_rows)
+        users.update(rows)
+        return list(users)
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_rooms_in_common_for_users(self, user_id, other_user_id):
+        """Given two user_ids find out the list of rooms they share.
+        """
+        sql = """
+            SELECT room_id FROM (
+                SELECT c.room_id FROM current_state_events AS c
+                INNER JOIN room_memberships AS m USING (event_id)
+                WHERE type = 'm.room.member'
+                    AND m.membership = 'join'
+                    AND state_key = ?
+            ) AS f1 INNER JOIN (
+                SELECT c.room_id FROM current_state_events AS c
+                INNER JOIN room_memberships AS m USING (event_id)
+                WHERE type = 'm.room.member'
+                    AND m.membership = 'join'
+                    AND state_key = ?
+            ) f2 USING (room_id)
+        """
+
+        rows = yield self._execute(
+            "get_rooms_in_common_for_users", None, sql, user_id, other_user_id
+        )
+
+        return [room_id for room_id, in rows]
+
+    def get_user_directory_stream_pos(self):
+        return self._simple_select_one_onecol(
+            table="user_directory_stream_pos",
+            keyvalues={},
+            retcol="stream_id",
+            desc="get_user_directory_stream_pos",
+        )
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def search_user_dir(self, user_id, search_term, limit):
+        """Searches for users in directory
+
+        Returns:
+            dict of the form::
+
+                {
+                    "limited": <bool>,  # whether there were more results or not
+                    "results": [  # Ordered by best match first
+                        {
+                            "user_id": <user_id>,
+                            "display_name": <display_name>,
+                            "avatar_url": <avatar_url>
+                        }
+                    ]
+                }
+        """
+
+        if self.hs.config.user_directory_search_all_users:
+            join_args = (user_id,)
+            where_clause = "user_id != ?"
+        else:
+            join_args = (user_id,)
+            where_clause = """
+                (
+                    EXISTS (select 1 from users_in_public_rooms WHERE user_id = t.user_id)
+                    OR EXISTS (
+                        SELECT 1 FROM users_who_share_private_rooms
+                        WHERE user_id = ? AND other_user_id = t.user_id
+                    )
+                )
+            """
+
+        if isinstance(self.database_engine, PostgresEngine):
+            full_query, exact_query, prefix_query = _parse_query_postgres(search_term)
+
+            # We order by rank and then if they have profile info
+            # The ranking algorithm is hand tweaked for "best" results. Broadly
+            # the idea is we give a higher weight to exact matches.
+            # The array of numbers are the weights for the various part of the
+            # search: (domain, _, display name, localpart)
+            sql = """
+                SELECT d.user_id AS user_id, display_name, avatar_url
+                FROM user_directory_search as t
+                INNER JOIN user_directory AS d USING (user_id)
+                WHERE
+                    %s
+                    AND vector @@ to_tsquery('english', ?)
+                ORDER BY
+                    (CASE WHEN d.user_id IS NOT NULL THEN 4.0 ELSE 1.0 END)
+                    * (CASE WHEN display_name IS NOT NULL THEN 1.2 ELSE 1.0 END)
+                    * (CASE WHEN avatar_url IS NOT NULL THEN 1.2 ELSE 1.0 END)
+                    * (
+                        3 * ts_rank_cd(
+                            '{0.1, 0.1, 0.9, 1.0}',
+                            vector,
+                            to_tsquery('english', ?),
+                            8
+                        )
+                        + ts_rank_cd(
+                            '{0.1, 0.1, 0.9, 1.0}',
+                            vector,
+                            to_tsquery('english', ?),
+                            8
+                        )
+                    )
+                    DESC,
+                    display_name IS NULL,
+                    avatar_url IS NULL
+                LIMIT ?
+            """ % (
+                where_clause,
+            )
+            args = join_args + (full_query, exact_query, prefix_query, limit + 1)
+        elif isinstance(self.database_engine, Sqlite3Engine):
+            search_query = _parse_query_sqlite(search_term)
+
+            sql = """
+                SELECT d.user_id AS user_id, display_name, avatar_url
+                FROM user_directory_search as t
+                INNER JOIN user_directory AS d USING (user_id)
+                WHERE
+                    %s
+                    AND value MATCH ?
+                ORDER BY
+                    rank(matchinfo(user_directory_search)) DESC,
+                    display_name IS NULL,
+                    avatar_url IS NULL
+                LIMIT ?
+            """ % (
+                where_clause,
+            )
+            args = join_args + (search_query, limit + 1)
+        else:
+            # This should be unreachable.
+            raise Exception("Unrecognized database engine")
+
+        results = yield self._execute(
+            "search_user_dir", self.cursor_to_dict, sql, *args
+        )
+
+        limited = len(results) > limit
+
+        return {"limited": limited, "results": results}
+
+
+def _parse_query_sqlite(search_term):
+    """Takes a plain unicode string from the user and converts it into a form
+    that can be passed to database.
+    We use this so that we can add prefix matching, which isn't something
+    that is supported by default.
+
+    We specifically add both a prefix and non prefix matching term so that
+    exact matches get ranked higher.
+    """
+
+    # Pull out the individual words, discarding any non-word characters.
+    results = re.findall(r"([\w\-]+)", search_term, re.UNICODE)
+    return " & ".join("(%s* OR %s)" % (result, result) for result in results)
+
+
+def _parse_query_postgres(search_term):
+    """Takes a plain unicode string from the user and converts it into a form
+    that can be passed to database.
+    We use this so that we can add prefix matching, which isn't something
+    that is supported by default.
+    """
+
+    # Pull out the individual words, discarding any non-word characters.
+    results = re.findall(r"([\w\-]+)", search_term, re.UNICODE)
+
+    both = " & ".join("(%s:* | %s)" % (result, result) for result in results)
+    exact = " & ".join("%s" % (result,) for result in results)
+    prefix = " & ".join("%s:*" % (result,) for result in results)
+
+    return both, exact, prefix
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/user_erasure_store.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/user_erasure_store.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..aa4f0da5f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/user_erasure_store.py
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import operator
+
+from synapse.storage._base import SQLBaseStore
+from synapse.util.caches.descriptors import cached, cachedList
+
+
+class UserErasureWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
+    @cached()
+    def is_user_erased(self, user_id):
+        """
+        Check if the given user id has requested erasure
+
+        Args:
+            user_id (str): full user id to check
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred[bool]: True if the user has requested erasure
+        """
+        return self._simple_select_onecol(
+            table="erased_users",
+            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
+            retcol="1",
+            desc="is_user_erased",
+        ).addCallback(operator.truth)
+
+    @cachedList(
+        cached_method_name="is_user_erased", list_name="user_ids", inlineCallbacks=True
+    )
+    def are_users_erased(self, user_ids):
+        """
+        Checks which users in a list have requested erasure
+
+        Args:
+            user_ids (iterable[str]): full user id to check
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred[dict[str, bool]]:
+                for each user, whether the user has requested erasure.
+        """
+        # this serves the dual purpose of (a) making sure we can do len and
+        # iterate it multiple times, and (b) avoiding duplicates.
+        user_ids = tuple(set(user_ids))
+
+        rows = yield self._simple_select_many_batch(
+            table="erased_users",
+            column="user_id",
+            iterable=user_ids,
+            retcols=("user_id",),
+            desc="are_users_erased",
+        )
+        erased_users = set(row["user_id"] for row in rows)
+
+        res = dict((u, u in erased_users) for u in user_ids)
+        return res
+
+
+class UserErasureStore(UserErasureWorkerStore):
+    def mark_user_erased(self, user_id):
+        """Indicate that user_id wishes their message history to be erased.
+
+        Args:
+            user_id (str): full user_id to be erased
+        """
+
+        def f(txn):
+            # first check if they are already in the list
+            txn.execute("SELECT 1 FROM erased_users WHERE user_id = ?", (user_id,))
+            if txn.fetchone():
+                return
+
+            # they are not already there: do the insert.
+            txn.execute("INSERT INTO erased_users (user_id) VALUES (?)", (user_id,))
+
+            self._invalidate_cache_and_stream(txn, self.is_user_erased, (user_id,))
+
+        return self.runInteraction("mark_user_erased", f)
diff --git a/synapse/storage/deviceinbox.py b/synapse/storage/deviceinbox.py
deleted file mode 100644
index f04aad0743..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/deviceinbox.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,457 +0,0 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-# Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-
-import logging
-
-from canonicaljson import json
-
-from twisted.internet import defer
-
-from synapse.logging.opentracing import log_kv, set_tag, trace
-from synapse.storage._base import SQLBaseStore, make_in_list_sql_clause
-from synapse.storage.background_updates import BackgroundUpdateStore
-from synapse.util.caches.expiringcache import ExpiringCache
-
-logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-
-
-class DeviceInboxWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
-    def get_to_device_stream_token(self):
-        return self._device_inbox_id_gen.get_current_token()
-
-    def get_new_messages_for_device(
-        self, user_id, device_id, last_stream_id, current_stream_id, limit=100
-    ):
-        """
-        Args:
-            user_id(str): The recipient user_id.
-            device_id(str): The recipient device_id.
-            current_stream_id(int): The current position of the to device
-                message stream.
-        Returns:
-            Deferred ([dict], int): List of messages for the device and where
-                in the stream the messages got to.
-        """
-        has_changed = self._device_inbox_stream_cache.has_entity_changed(
-            user_id, last_stream_id
-        )
-        if not has_changed:
-            return defer.succeed(([], current_stream_id))
-
-        def get_new_messages_for_device_txn(txn):
-            sql = (
-                "SELECT stream_id, message_json FROM device_inbox"
-                " WHERE user_id = ? AND device_id = ?"
-                " AND ? < stream_id AND stream_id <= ?"
-                " ORDER BY stream_id ASC"
-                " LIMIT ?"
-            )
-            txn.execute(
-                sql, (user_id, device_id, last_stream_id, current_stream_id, limit)
-            )
-            messages = []
-            for row in txn:
-                stream_pos = row[0]
-                messages.append(json.loads(row[1]))
-            if len(messages) < limit:
-                stream_pos = current_stream_id
-            return messages, stream_pos
-
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "get_new_messages_for_device", get_new_messages_for_device_txn
-        )
-
-    @trace
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def delete_messages_for_device(self, user_id, device_id, up_to_stream_id):
-        """
-        Args:
-            user_id(str): The recipient user_id.
-            device_id(str): The recipient device_id.
-            up_to_stream_id(int): Where to delete messages up to.
-        Returns:
-            A deferred that resolves to the number of messages deleted.
-        """
-        # If we have cached the last stream id we've deleted up to, we can
-        # check if there is likely to be anything that needs deleting
-        last_deleted_stream_id = self._last_device_delete_cache.get(
-            (user_id, device_id), None
-        )
-
-        set_tag("last_deleted_stream_id", last_deleted_stream_id)
-
-        if last_deleted_stream_id:
-            has_changed = self._device_inbox_stream_cache.has_entity_changed(
-                user_id, last_deleted_stream_id
-            )
-            if not has_changed:
-                log_kv({"message": "No changes in cache since last check"})
-                return 0
-
-        def delete_messages_for_device_txn(txn):
-            sql = (
-                "DELETE FROM device_inbox"
-                " WHERE user_id = ? AND device_id = ?"
-                " AND stream_id <= ?"
-            )
-            txn.execute(sql, (user_id, device_id, up_to_stream_id))
-            return txn.rowcount
-
-        count = yield self.runInteraction(
-            "delete_messages_for_device", delete_messages_for_device_txn
-        )
-
-        log_kv(
-            {"message": "deleted {} messages for device".format(count), "count": count}
-        )
-
-        # Update the cache, ensuring that we only ever increase the value
-        last_deleted_stream_id = self._last_device_delete_cache.get(
-            (user_id, device_id), 0
-        )
-        self._last_device_delete_cache[(user_id, device_id)] = max(
-            last_deleted_stream_id, up_to_stream_id
-        )
-
-        return count
-
-    @trace
-    def get_new_device_msgs_for_remote(
-        self, destination, last_stream_id, current_stream_id, limit
-    ):
-        """
-        Args:
-            destination(str): The name of the remote server.
-            last_stream_id(int|long): The last position of the device message stream
-                that the server sent up to.
-            current_stream_id(int|long): The current position of the device
-                message stream.
-        Returns:
-            Deferred ([dict], int|long): List of messages for the device and where
-                in the stream the messages got to.
-        """
-
-        set_tag("destination", destination)
-        set_tag("last_stream_id", last_stream_id)
-        set_tag("current_stream_id", current_stream_id)
-        set_tag("limit", limit)
-
-        has_changed = self._device_federation_outbox_stream_cache.has_entity_changed(
-            destination, last_stream_id
-        )
-        if not has_changed or last_stream_id == current_stream_id:
-            log_kv({"message": "No new messages in stream"})
-            return defer.succeed(([], current_stream_id))
-
-        if limit <= 0:
-            # This can happen if we run out of room for EDUs in the transaction.
-            return defer.succeed(([], last_stream_id))
-
-        @trace
-        def get_new_messages_for_remote_destination_txn(txn):
-            sql = (
-                "SELECT stream_id, messages_json FROM device_federation_outbox"
-                " WHERE destination = ?"
-                " AND ? < stream_id AND stream_id <= ?"
-                " ORDER BY stream_id ASC"
-                " LIMIT ?"
-            )
-            txn.execute(sql, (destination, last_stream_id, current_stream_id, limit))
-            messages = []
-            for row in txn:
-                stream_pos = row[0]
-                messages.append(json.loads(row[1]))
-            if len(messages) < limit:
-                log_kv({"message": "Set stream position to current position"})
-                stream_pos = current_stream_id
-            return messages, stream_pos
-
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "get_new_device_msgs_for_remote",
-            get_new_messages_for_remote_destination_txn,
-        )
-
-    @trace
-    def delete_device_msgs_for_remote(self, destination, up_to_stream_id):
-        """Used to delete messages when the remote destination acknowledges
-        their receipt.
-
-        Args:
-            destination(str): The destination server_name
-            up_to_stream_id(int): Where to delete messages up to.
-        Returns:
-            A deferred that resolves when the messages have been deleted.
-        """
-
-        def delete_messages_for_remote_destination_txn(txn):
-            sql = (
-                "DELETE FROM device_federation_outbox"
-                " WHERE destination = ?"
-                " AND stream_id <= ?"
-            )
-            txn.execute(sql, (destination, up_to_stream_id))
-
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "delete_device_msgs_for_remote", delete_messages_for_remote_destination_txn
-        )
-
-
-class DeviceInboxBackgroundUpdateStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
-    DEVICE_INBOX_STREAM_ID = "device_inbox_stream_drop"
-
-    def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
-        super(DeviceInboxBackgroundUpdateStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
-
-        self.register_background_index_update(
-            "device_inbox_stream_index",
-            index_name="device_inbox_stream_id_user_id",
-            table="device_inbox",
-            columns=["stream_id", "user_id"],
-        )
-
-        self.register_background_update_handler(
-            self.DEVICE_INBOX_STREAM_ID, self._background_drop_index_device_inbox
-        )
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _background_drop_index_device_inbox(self, progress, batch_size):
-        def reindex_txn(conn):
-            txn = conn.cursor()
-            txn.execute("DROP INDEX IF EXISTS device_inbox_stream_id")
-            txn.close()
-
-        yield self.runWithConnection(reindex_txn)
-
-        yield self._end_background_update(self.DEVICE_INBOX_STREAM_ID)
-
-        return 1
-
-
-class DeviceInboxStore(DeviceInboxWorkerStore, DeviceInboxBackgroundUpdateStore):
-    DEVICE_INBOX_STREAM_ID = "device_inbox_stream_drop"
-
-    def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
-        super(DeviceInboxStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
-
-        # Map of (user_id, device_id) to the last stream_id that has been
-        # deleted up to. This is so that we can no op deletions.
-        self._last_device_delete_cache = ExpiringCache(
-            cache_name="last_device_delete_cache",
-            clock=self._clock,
-            max_len=10000,
-            expiry_ms=30 * 60 * 1000,
-        )
-
-    @trace
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def add_messages_to_device_inbox(
-        self, local_messages_by_user_then_device, remote_messages_by_destination
-    ):
-        """Used to send messages from this server.
-
-        Args:
-            sender_user_id(str): The ID of the user sending these messages.
-            local_messages_by_user_and_device(dict):
-                Dictionary of user_id to device_id to message.
-            remote_messages_by_destination(dict):
-                Dictionary of destination server_name to the EDU JSON to send.
-        Returns:
-            A deferred stream_id that resolves when the messages have been
-            inserted.
-        """
-
-        def add_messages_txn(txn, now_ms, stream_id):
-            # Add the local messages directly to the local inbox.
-            self._add_messages_to_local_device_inbox_txn(
-                txn, stream_id, local_messages_by_user_then_device
-            )
-
-            # Add the remote messages to the federation outbox.
-            # We'll send them to a remote server when we next send a
-            # federation transaction to that destination.
-            sql = (
-                "INSERT INTO device_federation_outbox"
-                " (destination, stream_id, queued_ts, messages_json)"
-                " VALUES (?,?,?,?)"
-            )
-            rows = []
-            for destination, edu in remote_messages_by_destination.items():
-                edu_json = json.dumps(edu)
-                rows.append((destination, stream_id, now_ms, edu_json))
-            txn.executemany(sql, rows)
-
-        with self._device_inbox_id_gen.get_next() as stream_id:
-            now_ms = self.clock.time_msec()
-            yield self.runInteraction(
-                "add_messages_to_device_inbox", add_messages_txn, now_ms, stream_id
-            )
-            for user_id in local_messages_by_user_then_device.keys():
-                self._device_inbox_stream_cache.entity_has_changed(user_id, stream_id)
-            for destination in remote_messages_by_destination.keys():
-                self._device_federation_outbox_stream_cache.entity_has_changed(
-                    destination, stream_id
-                )
-
-        return self._device_inbox_id_gen.get_current_token()
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def add_messages_from_remote_to_device_inbox(
-        self, origin, message_id, local_messages_by_user_then_device
-    ):
-        def add_messages_txn(txn, now_ms, stream_id):
-            # Check if we've already inserted a matching message_id for that
-            # origin. This can happen if the origin doesn't receive our
-            # acknowledgement from the first time we received the message.
-            already_inserted = self._simple_select_one_txn(
-                txn,
-                table="device_federation_inbox",
-                keyvalues={"origin": origin, "message_id": message_id},
-                retcols=("message_id",),
-                allow_none=True,
-            )
-            if already_inserted is not None:
-                return
-
-            # Add an entry for this message_id so that we know we've processed
-            # it.
-            self._simple_insert_txn(
-                txn,
-                table="device_federation_inbox",
-                values={
-                    "origin": origin,
-                    "message_id": message_id,
-                    "received_ts": now_ms,
-                },
-            )
-
-            # Add the messages to the approriate local device inboxes so that
-            # they'll be sent to the devices when they next sync.
-            self._add_messages_to_local_device_inbox_txn(
-                txn, stream_id, local_messages_by_user_then_device
-            )
-
-        with self._device_inbox_id_gen.get_next() as stream_id:
-            now_ms = self.clock.time_msec()
-            yield self.runInteraction(
-                "add_messages_from_remote_to_device_inbox",
-                add_messages_txn,
-                now_ms,
-                stream_id,
-            )
-            for user_id in local_messages_by_user_then_device.keys():
-                self._device_inbox_stream_cache.entity_has_changed(user_id, stream_id)
-
-        return stream_id
-
-    def _add_messages_to_local_device_inbox_txn(
-        self, txn, stream_id, messages_by_user_then_device
-    ):
-        sql = "UPDATE device_max_stream_id" " SET stream_id = ?" " WHERE stream_id < ?"
-        txn.execute(sql, (stream_id, stream_id))
-
-        local_by_user_then_device = {}
-        for user_id, messages_by_device in messages_by_user_then_device.items():
-            messages_json_for_user = {}
-            devices = list(messages_by_device.keys())
-            if len(devices) == 1 and devices[0] == "*":
-                # Handle wildcard device_ids.
-                sql = "SELECT device_id FROM devices" " WHERE user_id = ?"
-                txn.execute(sql, (user_id,))
-                message_json = json.dumps(messages_by_device["*"])
-                for row in txn:
-                    # Add the message for all devices for this user on this
-                    # server.
-                    device = row[0]
-                    messages_json_for_user[device] = message_json
-            else:
-                if not devices:
-                    continue
-
-                clause, args = make_in_list_sql_clause(
-                    txn.database_engine, "device_id", devices
-                )
-                sql = "SELECT device_id FROM devices WHERE user_id = ? AND " + clause
-
-                # TODO: Maybe this needs to be done in batches if there are
-                # too many local devices for a given user.
-                txn.execute(sql, [user_id] + list(args))
-                for row in txn:
-                    # Only insert into the local inbox if the device exists on
-                    # this server
-                    device = row[0]
-                    message_json = json.dumps(messages_by_device[device])
-                    messages_json_for_user[device] = message_json
-
-            if messages_json_for_user:
-                local_by_user_then_device[user_id] = messages_json_for_user
-
-        if not local_by_user_then_device:
-            return
-
-        sql = (
-            "INSERT INTO device_inbox"
-            " (user_id, device_id, stream_id, message_json)"
-            " VALUES (?,?,?,?)"
-        )
-        rows = []
-        for user_id, messages_by_device in local_by_user_then_device.items():
-            for device_id, message_json in messages_by_device.items():
-                rows.append((user_id, device_id, stream_id, message_json))
-
-        txn.executemany(sql, rows)
-
-    def get_all_new_device_messages(self, last_pos, current_pos, limit):
-        """
-        Args:
-            last_pos(int):
-            current_pos(int):
-            limit(int):
-        Returns:
-            A deferred list of rows from the device inbox
-        """
-        if last_pos == current_pos:
-            return defer.succeed([])
-
-        def get_all_new_device_messages_txn(txn):
-            # We limit like this as we might have multiple rows per stream_id, and
-            # we want to make sure we always get all entries for any stream_id
-            # we return.
-            upper_pos = min(current_pos, last_pos + limit)
-            sql = (
-                "SELECT max(stream_id), user_id"
-                " FROM device_inbox"
-                " WHERE ? < stream_id AND stream_id <= ?"
-                " GROUP BY user_id"
-            )
-            txn.execute(sql, (last_pos, upper_pos))
-            rows = txn.fetchall()
-
-            sql = (
-                "SELECT max(stream_id), destination"
-                " FROM device_federation_outbox"
-                " WHERE ? < stream_id AND stream_id <= ?"
-                " GROUP BY destination"
-            )
-            txn.execute(sql, (last_pos, upper_pos))
-            rows.extend(txn)
-
-            # Order by ascending stream ordering
-            rows.sort()
-
-            return rows
-
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "get_all_new_device_messages", get_all_new_device_messages_txn
-        )
diff --git a/synapse/storage/devices.py b/synapse/storage/devices.py
deleted file mode 100644
index ac5239e50a..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/devices.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,937 +0,0 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-# Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-import logging
-
-from six import iteritems
-
-from canonicaljson import json
-
-from twisted.internet import defer
-
-from synapse.api.errors import StoreError
-from synapse.logging.opentracing import (
-    get_active_span_text_map,
-    set_tag,
-    trace,
-    whitelisted_homeserver,
-)
-from synapse.metrics.background_process_metrics import run_as_background_process
-from synapse.storage._base import (
-    Cache,
-    SQLBaseStore,
-    db_to_json,
-    make_in_list_sql_clause,
-)
-from synapse.storage.background_updates import BackgroundUpdateStore
-from synapse.util import batch_iter
-from synapse.util.caches.descriptors import cached, cachedInlineCallbacks, cachedList
-
-logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-
-DROP_DEVICE_LIST_STREAMS_NON_UNIQUE_INDEXES = (
-    "drop_device_list_streams_non_unique_indexes"
-)
-
-
-class DeviceWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
-    def get_device(self, user_id, device_id):
-        """Retrieve a device.
-
-        Args:
-            user_id (str): The ID of the user which owns the device
-            device_id (str): The ID of the device to retrieve
-        Returns:
-            defer.Deferred for a dict containing the device information
-        Raises:
-            StoreError: if the device is not found
-        """
-        return self._simple_select_one(
-            table="devices",
-            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "device_id": device_id},
-            retcols=("user_id", "device_id", "display_name"),
-            desc="get_device",
-        )
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_devices_by_user(self, user_id):
-        """Retrieve all of a user's registered devices.
-
-        Args:
-            user_id (str):
-        Returns:
-            defer.Deferred: resolves to a dict from device_id to a dict
-            containing "device_id", "user_id" and "display_name" for each
-            device.
-        """
-        devices = yield self._simple_select_list(
-            table="devices",
-            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
-            retcols=("user_id", "device_id", "display_name"),
-            desc="get_devices_by_user",
-        )
-
-        return {d["device_id"]: d for d in devices}
-
-    @trace
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_devices_by_remote(self, destination, from_stream_id, limit):
-        """Get stream of updates to send to remote servers
-
-        Returns:
-            Deferred[tuple[int, list[dict]]]:
-                current stream id (ie, the stream id of the last update included in the
-                response), and the list of updates
-        """
-        now_stream_id = self._device_list_id_gen.get_current_token()
-
-        has_changed = self._device_list_federation_stream_cache.has_entity_changed(
-            destination, int(from_stream_id)
-        )
-        if not has_changed:
-            return now_stream_id, []
-
-        # We retrieve n+1 devices from the list of outbound pokes where n is
-        # our outbound device update limit. We then check if the very last
-        # device has the same stream_id as the second-to-last device. If so,
-        # then we ignore all devices with that stream_id and only send the
-        # devices with a lower stream_id.
-        #
-        # If when culling the list we end up with no devices afterwards, we
-        # consider the device update to be too large, and simply skip the
-        # stream_id; the rationale being that such a large device list update
-        # is likely an error.
-        updates = yield self.runInteraction(
-            "get_devices_by_remote",
-            self._get_devices_by_remote_txn,
-            destination,
-            from_stream_id,
-            now_stream_id,
-            limit + 1,
-        )
-
-        # Return an empty list if there are no updates
-        if not updates:
-            return now_stream_id, []
-
-        # if we have exceeded the limit, we need to exclude any results with the
-        # same stream_id as the last row.
-        if len(updates) > limit:
-            stream_id_cutoff = updates[-1][2]
-            now_stream_id = stream_id_cutoff - 1
-        else:
-            stream_id_cutoff = None
-
-        # Perform the equivalent of a GROUP BY
-        #
-        # Iterate through the updates list and copy non-duplicate
-        # (user_id, device_id) entries into a map, with the value being
-        # the max stream_id across each set of duplicate entries
-        #
-        # maps (user_id, device_id) -> (stream_id, opentracing_context)
-        # as long as their stream_id does not match that of the last row
-        #
-        # opentracing_context contains the opentracing metadata for the request
-        # that created the poke
-        #
-        # The most recent request's opentracing_context is used as the
-        # context which created the Edu.
-
-        query_map = {}
-        for update in updates:
-            if stream_id_cutoff is not None and update[2] >= stream_id_cutoff:
-                # Stop processing updates
-                break
-
-            key = (update[0], update[1])
-
-            update_context = update[3]
-            update_stream_id = update[2]
-
-            previous_update_stream_id, _ = query_map.get(key, (0, None))
-
-            if update_stream_id > previous_update_stream_id:
-                query_map[key] = (update_stream_id, update_context)
-
-        # If we didn't find any updates with a stream_id lower than the cutoff, it
-        # means that there are more than limit updates all of which have the same
-        # steam_id.
-
-        # That should only happen if a client is spamming the server with new
-        # devices, in which case E2E isn't going to work well anyway. We'll just
-        # skip that stream_id and return an empty list, and continue with the next
-        # stream_id next time.
-        if not query_map:
-            return stream_id_cutoff, []
-
-        results = yield self._get_device_update_edus_by_remote(
-            destination, from_stream_id, query_map
-        )
-
-        return now_stream_id, results
-
-    def _get_devices_by_remote_txn(
-        self, txn, destination, from_stream_id, now_stream_id, limit
-    ):
-        """Return device update information for a given remote destination
-
-        Args:
-            txn (LoggingTransaction): The transaction to execute
-            destination (str): The host the device updates are intended for
-            from_stream_id (int): The minimum stream_id to filter updates by, exclusive
-            now_stream_id (int): The maximum stream_id to filter updates by, inclusive
-            limit (int): Maximum number of device updates to return
-
-        Returns:
-            List: List of device updates
-        """
-        sql = """
-            SELECT user_id, device_id, stream_id, opentracing_context FROM device_lists_outbound_pokes
-            WHERE destination = ? AND ? < stream_id AND stream_id <= ? AND sent = ?
-            ORDER BY stream_id
-            LIMIT ?
-        """
-        txn.execute(sql, (destination, from_stream_id, now_stream_id, False, limit))
-
-        return list(txn)
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _get_device_update_edus_by_remote(self, destination, from_stream_id, query_map):
-        """Returns a list of device update EDUs as well as E2EE keys
-
-        Args:
-            destination (str): The host the device updates are intended for
-            from_stream_id (int): The minimum stream_id to filter updates by, exclusive
-            query_map (Dict[(str, str): (int, str|None)]): Dictionary mapping
-                user_id/device_id to update stream_id and the relevent json-encoded
-                opentracing context
-
-        Returns:
-            List[Dict]: List of objects representing an device update EDU
-
-        """
-        devices = yield self.runInteraction(
-            "_get_e2e_device_keys_txn",
-            self._get_e2e_device_keys_txn,
-            query_map.keys(),
-            include_all_devices=True,
-            include_deleted_devices=True,
-        )
-
-        results = []
-        for user_id, user_devices in iteritems(devices):
-            # The prev_id for the first row is always the last row before
-            # `from_stream_id`
-            prev_id = yield self._get_last_device_update_for_remote_user(
-                destination, user_id, from_stream_id
-            )
-            for device_id, device in iteritems(user_devices):
-                stream_id, opentracing_context = query_map[(user_id, device_id)]
-                result = {
-                    "user_id": user_id,
-                    "device_id": device_id,
-                    "prev_id": [prev_id] if prev_id else [],
-                    "stream_id": stream_id,
-                    "org.matrix.opentracing_context": opentracing_context,
-                }
-
-                prev_id = stream_id
-
-                if device is not None:
-                    key_json = device.get("key_json", None)
-                    if key_json:
-                        result["keys"] = db_to_json(key_json)
-                    device_display_name = device.get("device_display_name", None)
-                    if device_display_name:
-                        result["device_display_name"] = device_display_name
-                else:
-                    result["deleted"] = True
-
-                results.append(result)
-
-        return results
-
-    def _get_last_device_update_for_remote_user(
-        self, destination, user_id, from_stream_id
-    ):
-        def f(txn):
-            prev_sent_id_sql = """
-                SELECT coalesce(max(stream_id), 0) as stream_id
-                FROM device_lists_outbound_last_success
-                WHERE destination = ? AND user_id = ? AND stream_id <= ?
-            """
-            txn.execute(prev_sent_id_sql, (destination, user_id, from_stream_id))
-            rows = txn.fetchall()
-            return rows[0][0]
-
-        return self.runInteraction("get_last_device_update_for_remote_user", f)
-
-    def mark_as_sent_devices_by_remote(self, destination, stream_id):
-        """Mark that updates have successfully been sent to the destination.
-        """
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "mark_as_sent_devices_by_remote",
-            self._mark_as_sent_devices_by_remote_txn,
-            destination,
-            stream_id,
-        )
-
-    def _mark_as_sent_devices_by_remote_txn(self, txn, destination, stream_id):
-        # We update the device_lists_outbound_last_success with the successfully
-        # poked users. We do the join to see which users need to be inserted and
-        # which updated.
-        sql = """
-            SELECT user_id, coalesce(max(o.stream_id), 0), (max(s.stream_id) IS NOT NULL)
-            FROM device_lists_outbound_pokes as o
-            LEFT JOIN device_lists_outbound_last_success as s
-                USING (destination, user_id)
-            WHERE destination = ? AND o.stream_id <= ?
-            GROUP BY user_id
-        """
-        txn.execute(sql, (destination, stream_id))
-        rows = txn.fetchall()
-
-        sql = """
-            UPDATE device_lists_outbound_last_success
-            SET stream_id = ?
-            WHERE destination = ? AND user_id = ?
-        """
-        txn.executemany(sql, ((row[1], destination, row[0]) for row in rows if row[2]))
-
-        sql = """
-            INSERT INTO device_lists_outbound_last_success
-            (destination, user_id, stream_id) VALUES (?, ?, ?)
-        """
-        txn.executemany(
-            sql, ((destination, row[0], row[1]) for row in rows if not row[2])
-        )
-
-        # Delete all sent outbound pokes
-        sql = """
-            DELETE FROM device_lists_outbound_pokes
-            WHERE destination = ? AND stream_id <= ?
-        """
-        txn.execute(sql, (destination, stream_id))
-
-    def get_device_stream_token(self):
-        return self._device_list_id_gen.get_current_token()
-
-    @trace
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_user_devices_from_cache(self, query_list):
-        """Get the devices (and keys if any) for remote users from the cache.
-
-        Args:
-            query_list(list): List of (user_id, device_ids), if device_ids is
-                falsey then return all device ids for that user.
-
-        Returns:
-            (user_ids_not_in_cache, results_map), where user_ids_not_in_cache is
-            a set of user_ids and results_map is a mapping of
-            user_id -> device_id -> device_info
-        """
-        user_ids = set(user_id for user_id, _ in query_list)
-        user_map = yield self.get_device_list_last_stream_id_for_remotes(list(user_ids))
-        user_ids_in_cache = set(
-            user_id for user_id, stream_id in user_map.items() if stream_id
-        )
-        user_ids_not_in_cache = user_ids - user_ids_in_cache
-
-        results = {}
-        for user_id, device_id in query_list:
-            if user_id not in user_ids_in_cache:
-                continue
-
-            if device_id:
-                device = yield self._get_cached_user_device(user_id, device_id)
-                results.setdefault(user_id, {})[device_id] = device
-            else:
-                results[user_id] = yield self._get_cached_devices_for_user(user_id)
-
-        set_tag("in_cache", results)
-        set_tag("not_in_cache", user_ids_not_in_cache)
-
-        return user_ids_not_in_cache, results
-
-    @cachedInlineCallbacks(num_args=2, tree=True)
-    def _get_cached_user_device(self, user_id, device_id):
-        content = yield self._simple_select_one_onecol(
-            table="device_lists_remote_cache",
-            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "device_id": device_id},
-            retcol="content",
-            desc="_get_cached_user_device",
-        )
-        return db_to_json(content)
-
-    @cachedInlineCallbacks()
-    def _get_cached_devices_for_user(self, user_id):
-        devices = yield self._simple_select_list(
-            table="device_lists_remote_cache",
-            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
-            retcols=("device_id", "content"),
-            desc="_get_cached_devices_for_user",
-        )
-        return {
-            device["device_id"]: db_to_json(device["content"]) for device in devices
-        }
-
-    def get_devices_with_keys_by_user(self, user_id):
-        """Get all devices (with any device keys) for a user
-
-        Returns:
-            (stream_id, devices)
-        """
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "get_devices_with_keys_by_user",
-            self._get_devices_with_keys_by_user_txn,
-            user_id,
-        )
-
-    def _get_devices_with_keys_by_user_txn(self, txn, user_id):
-        now_stream_id = self._device_list_id_gen.get_current_token()
-
-        devices = self._get_e2e_device_keys_txn(
-            txn, [(user_id, None)], include_all_devices=True
-        )
-
-        if devices:
-            user_devices = devices[user_id]
-            results = []
-            for device_id, device in iteritems(user_devices):
-                result = {"device_id": device_id}
-
-                key_json = device.get("key_json", None)
-                if key_json:
-                    result["keys"] = db_to_json(key_json)
-                device_display_name = device.get("device_display_name", None)
-                if device_display_name:
-                    result["device_display_name"] = device_display_name
-
-                results.append(result)
-
-            return now_stream_id, results
-
-        return now_stream_id, []
-
-    def get_users_whose_devices_changed(self, from_key, user_ids):
-        """Get set of users whose devices have changed since `from_key` that
-        are in the given list of user_ids.
-
-        Args:
-            from_key (str): The device lists stream token
-            user_ids (Iterable[str])
-
-        Returns:
-            Deferred[set[str]]: The set of user_ids whose devices have changed
-            since `from_key`
-        """
-        from_key = int(from_key)
-
-        # Get set of users who *may* have changed. Users not in the returned
-        # list have definitely not changed.
-        to_check = list(
-            self._device_list_stream_cache.get_entities_changed(user_ids, from_key)
-        )
-
-        if not to_check:
-            return defer.succeed(set())
-
-        def _get_users_whose_devices_changed_txn(txn):
-            changes = set()
-
-            sql = """
-                SELECT DISTINCT user_id FROM device_lists_stream
-                WHERE stream_id > ?
-                AND
-            """
-
-            for chunk in batch_iter(to_check, 100):
-                clause, args = make_in_list_sql_clause(
-                    txn.database_engine, "user_id", chunk
-                )
-                txn.execute(sql + clause, (from_key,) + tuple(args))
-                changes.update(user_id for user_id, in txn)
-
-            return changes
-
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "get_users_whose_devices_changed", _get_users_whose_devices_changed_txn
-        )
-
-    def get_all_device_list_changes_for_remotes(self, from_key, to_key):
-        """Return a list of `(stream_id, user_id, destination)` which is the
-        combined list of changes to devices, and which destinations need to be
-        poked. `destination` may be None if no destinations need to be poked.
-        """
-        # We do a group by here as there can be a large number of duplicate
-        # entries, since we throw away device IDs.
-        sql = """
-            SELECT MAX(stream_id) AS stream_id, user_id, destination
-            FROM device_lists_stream
-            LEFT JOIN device_lists_outbound_pokes USING (stream_id, user_id, device_id)
-            WHERE ? < stream_id AND stream_id <= ?
-            GROUP BY user_id, destination
-        """
-        return self._execute(
-            "get_all_device_list_changes_for_remotes", None, sql, from_key, to_key
-        )
-
-    @cached(max_entries=10000)
-    def get_device_list_last_stream_id_for_remote(self, user_id):
-        """Get the last stream_id we got for a user. May be None if we haven't
-        got any information for them.
-        """
-        return self._simple_select_one_onecol(
-            table="device_lists_remote_extremeties",
-            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
-            retcol="stream_id",
-            desc="get_device_list_last_stream_id_for_remote",
-            allow_none=True,
-        )
-
-    @cachedList(
-        cached_method_name="get_device_list_last_stream_id_for_remote",
-        list_name="user_ids",
-        inlineCallbacks=True,
-    )
-    def get_device_list_last_stream_id_for_remotes(self, user_ids):
-        rows = yield self._simple_select_many_batch(
-            table="device_lists_remote_extremeties",
-            column="user_id",
-            iterable=user_ids,
-            retcols=("user_id", "stream_id"),
-            desc="get_device_list_last_stream_id_for_remotes",
-        )
-
-        results = {user_id: None for user_id in user_ids}
-        results.update({row["user_id"]: row["stream_id"] for row in rows})
-
-        return results
-
-
-class DeviceBackgroundUpdateStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
-    def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
-        super(DeviceBackgroundUpdateStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
-
-        self.register_background_index_update(
-            "device_lists_stream_idx",
-            index_name="device_lists_stream_user_id",
-            table="device_lists_stream",
-            columns=["user_id", "device_id"],
-        )
-
-        # create a unique index on device_lists_remote_cache
-        self.register_background_index_update(
-            "device_lists_remote_cache_unique_idx",
-            index_name="device_lists_remote_cache_unique_id",
-            table="device_lists_remote_cache",
-            columns=["user_id", "device_id"],
-            unique=True,
-        )
-
-        # And one on device_lists_remote_extremeties
-        self.register_background_index_update(
-            "device_lists_remote_extremeties_unique_idx",
-            index_name="device_lists_remote_extremeties_unique_idx",
-            table="device_lists_remote_extremeties",
-            columns=["user_id"],
-            unique=True,
-        )
-
-        # once they complete, we can remove the old non-unique indexes.
-        self.register_background_update_handler(
-            DROP_DEVICE_LIST_STREAMS_NON_UNIQUE_INDEXES,
-            self._drop_device_list_streams_non_unique_indexes,
-        )
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _drop_device_list_streams_non_unique_indexes(self, progress, batch_size):
-        def f(conn):
-            txn = conn.cursor()
-            txn.execute("DROP INDEX IF EXISTS device_lists_remote_cache_id")
-            txn.execute("DROP INDEX IF EXISTS device_lists_remote_extremeties_id")
-            txn.close()
-
-        yield self.runWithConnection(f)
-        yield self._end_background_update(DROP_DEVICE_LIST_STREAMS_NON_UNIQUE_INDEXES)
-        return 1
-
-
-class DeviceStore(DeviceWorkerStore, DeviceBackgroundUpdateStore):
-    def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
-        super(DeviceStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
-
-        # Map of (user_id, device_id) -> bool. If there is an entry that implies
-        # the device exists.
-        self.device_id_exists_cache = Cache(
-            name="device_id_exists", keylen=2, max_entries=10000
-        )
-
-        self._clock.looping_call(self._prune_old_outbound_device_pokes, 60 * 60 * 1000)
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def store_device(self, user_id, device_id, initial_device_display_name):
-        """Ensure the given device is known; add it to the store if not
-
-        Args:
-            user_id (str): id of user associated with the device
-            device_id (str): id of device
-            initial_device_display_name (str): initial displayname of the
-               device. Ignored if device exists.
-        Returns:
-            defer.Deferred: boolean whether the device was inserted or an
-                existing device existed with that ID.
-        """
-        key = (user_id, device_id)
-        if self.device_id_exists_cache.get(key, None):
-            return False
-
-        try:
-            inserted = yield self._simple_insert(
-                "devices",
-                values={
-                    "user_id": user_id,
-                    "device_id": device_id,
-                    "display_name": initial_device_display_name,
-                },
-                desc="store_device",
-                or_ignore=True,
-            )
-            self.device_id_exists_cache.prefill(key, True)
-            return inserted
-        except Exception as e:
-            logger.error(
-                "store_device with device_id=%s(%r) user_id=%s(%r)"
-                " display_name=%s(%r) failed: %s",
-                type(device_id).__name__,
-                device_id,
-                type(user_id).__name__,
-                user_id,
-                type(initial_device_display_name).__name__,
-                initial_device_display_name,
-                e,
-            )
-            raise StoreError(500, "Problem storing device.")
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def delete_device(self, user_id, device_id):
-        """Delete a device.
-
-        Args:
-            user_id (str): The ID of the user which owns the device
-            device_id (str): The ID of the device to delete
-        Returns:
-            defer.Deferred
-        """
-        yield self._simple_delete_one(
-            table="devices",
-            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "device_id": device_id},
-            desc="delete_device",
-        )
-
-        self.device_id_exists_cache.invalidate((user_id, device_id))
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def delete_devices(self, user_id, device_ids):
-        """Deletes several devices.
-
-        Args:
-            user_id (str): The ID of the user which owns the devices
-            device_ids (list): The IDs of the devices to delete
-        Returns:
-            defer.Deferred
-        """
-        yield self._simple_delete_many(
-            table="devices",
-            column="device_id",
-            iterable=device_ids,
-            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
-            desc="delete_devices",
-        )
-        for device_id in device_ids:
-            self.device_id_exists_cache.invalidate((user_id, device_id))
-
-    def update_device(self, user_id, device_id, new_display_name=None):
-        """Update a device.
-
-        Args:
-            user_id (str): The ID of the user which owns the device
-            device_id (str): The ID of the device to update
-            new_display_name (str|None): new displayname for device; None
-               to leave unchanged
-        Raises:
-            StoreError: if the device is not found
-        Returns:
-            defer.Deferred
-        """
-        updates = {}
-        if new_display_name is not None:
-            updates["display_name"] = new_display_name
-        if not updates:
-            return defer.succeed(None)
-        return self._simple_update_one(
-            table="devices",
-            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "device_id": device_id},
-            updatevalues=updates,
-            desc="update_device",
-        )
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def mark_remote_user_device_list_as_unsubscribed(self, user_id):
-        """Mark that we no longer track device lists for remote user.
-        """
-        yield self._simple_delete(
-            table="device_lists_remote_extremeties",
-            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
-            desc="mark_remote_user_device_list_as_unsubscribed",
-        )
-        self.get_device_list_last_stream_id_for_remote.invalidate((user_id,))
-
-    def update_remote_device_list_cache_entry(
-        self, user_id, device_id, content, stream_id
-    ):
-        """Updates a single device in the cache of a remote user's devicelist.
-
-        Note: assumes that we are the only thread that can be updating this user's
-        device list.
-
-        Args:
-            user_id (str): User to update device list for
-            device_id (str): ID of decivice being updated
-            content (dict): new data on this device
-            stream_id (int): the version of the device list
-
-        Returns:
-            Deferred[None]
-        """
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "update_remote_device_list_cache_entry",
-            self._update_remote_device_list_cache_entry_txn,
-            user_id,
-            device_id,
-            content,
-            stream_id,
-        )
-
-    def _update_remote_device_list_cache_entry_txn(
-        self, txn, user_id, device_id, content, stream_id
-    ):
-        if content.get("deleted"):
-            self._simple_delete_txn(
-                txn,
-                table="device_lists_remote_cache",
-                keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "device_id": device_id},
-            )
-
-            txn.call_after(self.device_id_exists_cache.invalidate, (user_id, device_id))
-        else:
-            self._simple_upsert_txn(
-                txn,
-                table="device_lists_remote_cache",
-                keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "device_id": device_id},
-                values={"content": json.dumps(content)},
-                # we don't need to lock, because we assume we are the only thread
-                # updating this user's devices.
-                lock=False,
-            )
-
-        txn.call_after(self._get_cached_user_device.invalidate, (user_id, device_id))
-        txn.call_after(self._get_cached_devices_for_user.invalidate, (user_id,))
-        txn.call_after(
-            self.get_device_list_last_stream_id_for_remote.invalidate, (user_id,)
-        )
-
-        self._simple_upsert_txn(
-            txn,
-            table="device_lists_remote_extremeties",
-            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
-            values={"stream_id": stream_id},
-            # again, we can assume we are the only thread updating this user's
-            # extremity.
-            lock=False,
-        )
-
-    def update_remote_device_list_cache(self, user_id, devices, stream_id):
-        """Replace the entire cache of the remote user's devices.
-
-        Note: assumes that we are the only thread that can be updating this user's
-        device list.
-
-        Args:
-            user_id (str): User to update device list for
-            devices (list[dict]): list of device objects supplied over federation
-            stream_id (int): the version of the device list
-
-        Returns:
-            Deferred[None]
-        """
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "update_remote_device_list_cache",
-            self._update_remote_device_list_cache_txn,
-            user_id,
-            devices,
-            stream_id,
-        )
-
-    def _update_remote_device_list_cache_txn(self, txn, user_id, devices, stream_id):
-        self._simple_delete_txn(
-            txn, table="device_lists_remote_cache", keyvalues={"user_id": user_id}
-        )
-
-        self._simple_insert_many_txn(
-            txn,
-            table="device_lists_remote_cache",
-            values=[
-                {
-                    "user_id": user_id,
-                    "device_id": content["device_id"],
-                    "content": json.dumps(content),
-                }
-                for content in devices
-            ],
-        )
-
-        txn.call_after(self._get_cached_devices_for_user.invalidate, (user_id,))
-        txn.call_after(self._get_cached_user_device.invalidate_many, (user_id,))
-        txn.call_after(
-            self.get_device_list_last_stream_id_for_remote.invalidate, (user_id,)
-        )
-
-        self._simple_upsert_txn(
-            txn,
-            table="device_lists_remote_extremeties",
-            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
-            values={"stream_id": stream_id},
-            # we don't need to lock, because we can assume we are the only thread
-            # updating this user's extremity.
-            lock=False,
-        )
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def add_device_change_to_streams(self, user_id, device_ids, hosts):
-        """Persist that a user's devices have been updated, and which hosts
-        (if any) should be poked.
-        """
-        with self._device_list_id_gen.get_next() as stream_id:
-            yield self.runInteraction(
-                "add_device_change_to_streams",
-                self._add_device_change_txn,
-                user_id,
-                device_ids,
-                hosts,
-                stream_id,
-            )
-        return stream_id
-
-    def _add_device_change_txn(self, txn, user_id, device_ids, hosts, stream_id):
-        now = self._clock.time_msec()
-
-        txn.call_after(
-            self._device_list_stream_cache.entity_has_changed, user_id, stream_id
-        )
-        for host in hosts:
-            txn.call_after(
-                self._device_list_federation_stream_cache.entity_has_changed,
-                host,
-                stream_id,
-            )
-
-        # Delete older entries in the table, as we really only care about
-        # when the latest change happened.
-        txn.executemany(
-            """
-            DELETE FROM device_lists_stream
-            WHERE user_id = ? AND device_id = ? AND stream_id < ?
-            """,
-            [(user_id, device_id, stream_id) for device_id in device_ids],
-        )
-
-        self._simple_insert_many_txn(
-            txn,
-            table="device_lists_stream",
-            values=[
-                {"stream_id": stream_id, "user_id": user_id, "device_id": device_id}
-                for device_id in device_ids
-            ],
-        )
-
-        context = get_active_span_text_map()
-
-        self._simple_insert_many_txn(
-            txn,
-            table="device_lists_outbound_pokes",
-            values=[
-                {
-                    "destination": destination,
-                    "stream_id": stream_id,
-                    "user_id": user_id,
-                    "device_id": device_id,
-                    "sent": False,
-                    "ts": now,
-                    "opentracing_context": json.dumps(context)
-                    if whitelisted_homeserver(destination)
-                    else "{}",
-                }
-                for destination in hosts
-                for device_id in device_ids
-            ],
-        )
-
-    def _prune_old_outbound_device_pokes(self):
-        """Delete old entries out of the device_lists_outbound_pokes to ensure
-        that we don't fill up due to dead servers. We keep one entry per
-        (destination, user_id) tuple to ensure that the prev_ids remain correct
-        if the server does come back.
-        """
-        yesterday = self._clock.time_msec() - 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000
-
-        def _prune_txn(txn):
-            select_sql = """
-                SELECT destination, user_id, max(stream_id) as stream_id
-                FROM device_lists_outbound_pokes
-                GROUP BY destination, user_id
-                HAVING min(ts) < ? AND count(*) > 1
-            """
-
-            txn.execute(select_sql, (yesterday,))
-            rows = txn.fetchall()
-
-            if not rows:
-                return
-
-            delete_sql = """
-                DELETE FROM device_lists_outbound_pokes
-                WHERE ts < ? AND destination = ? AND user_id = ? AND stream_id < ?
-            """
-
-            txn.executemany(
-                delete_sql, ((yesterday, row[0], row[1], row[2]) for row in rows)
-            )
-
-            # Since we've deleted unsent deltas, we need to remove the entry
-            # of last successful sent so that the prev_ids are correctly set.
-            sql = """
-                DELETE FROM device_lists_outbound_last_success
-                WHERE destination = ? AND user_id = ?
-            """
-            txn.executemany(sql, ((row[0], row[1]) for row in rows))
-
-            logger.info("Pruned %d device list outbound pokes", txn.rowcount)
-
-        return run_as_background_process(
-            "prune_old_outbound_device_pokes",
-            self.runInteraction,
-            "_prune_old_outbound_device_pokes",
-            _prune_txn,
-        )
diff --git a/synapse/storage/directory.py b/synapse/storage/directory.py
deleted file mode 100644
index eed7757ed5..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/directory.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,174 +0,0 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-# Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-
-from collections import namedtuple
-
-from twisted.internet import defer
-
-from synapse.api.errors import SynapseError
-from synapse.util.caches.descriptors import cached
-
-from ._base import SQLBaseStore
-
-RoomAliasMapping = namedtuple("RoomAliasMapping", ("room_id", "room_alias", "servers"))
-
-
-class DirectoryWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_association_from_room_alias(self, room_alias):
-        """ Get's the room_id and server list for a given room_alias
-
-        Args:
-            room_alias (RoomAlias)
-
-        Returns:
-            Deferred: results in namedtuple with keys "room_id" and
-            "servers" or None if no association can be found
-        """
-        room_id = yield self._simple_select_one_onecol(
-            "room_aliases",
-            {"room_alias": room_alias.to_string()},
-            "room_id",
-            allow_none=True,
-            desc="get_association_from_room_alias",
-        )
-
-        if not room_id:
-            return None
-
-        servers = yield self._simple_select_onecol(
-            "room_alias_servers",
-            {"room_alias": room_alias.to_string()},
-            "server",
-            desc="get_association_from_room_alias",
-        )
-
-        if not servers:
-            return None
-
-        return RoomAliasMapping(room_id, room_alias.to_string(), servers)
-
-    def get_room_alias_creator(self, room_alias):
-        return self._simple_select_one_onecol(
-            table="room_aliases",
-            keyvalues={"room_alias": room_alias},
-            retcol="creator",
-            desc="get_room_alias_creator",
-        )
-
-    @cached(max_entries=5000)
-    def get_aliases_for_room(self, room_id):
-        return self._simple_select_onecol(
-            "room_aliases",
-            {"room_id": room_id},
-            "room_alias",
-            desc="get_aliases_for_room",
-        )
-
-
-class DirectoryStore(DirectoryWorkerStore):
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def create_room_alias_association(self, room_alias, room_id, servers, creator=None):
-        """ Creates an association between a room alias and room_id/servers
-
-        Args:
-            room_alias (RoomAlias)
-            room_id (str)
-            servers (list)
-            creator (str): Optional user_id of creator.
-
-        Returns:
-            Deferred
-        """
-
-        def alias_txn(txn):
-            self._simple_insert_txn(
-                txn,
-                "room_aliases",
-                {
-                    "room_alias": room_alias.to_string(),
-                    "room_id": room_id,
-                    "creator": creator,
-                },
-            )
-
-            self._simple_insert_many_txn(
-                txn,
-                table="room_alias_servers",
-                values=[
-                    {"room_alias": room_alias.to_string(), "server": server}
-                    for server in servers
-                ],
-            )
-
-            self._invalidate_cache_and_stream(
-                txn, self.get_aliases_for_room, (room_id,)
-            )
-
-        try:
-            ret = yield self.runInteraction("create_room_alias_association", alias_txn)
-        except self.database_engine.module.IntegrityError:
-            raise SynapseError(
-                409, "Room alias %s already exists" % room_alias.to_string()
-            )
-        return ret
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def delete_room_alias(self, room_alias):
-        room_id = yield self.runInteraction(
-            "delete_room_alias", self._delete_room_alias_txn, room_alias
-        )
-
-        return room_id
-
-    def _delete_room_alias_txn(self, txn, room_alias):
-        txn.execute(
-            "SELECT room_id FROM room_aliases WHERE room_alias = ?",
-            (room_alias.to_string(),),
-        )
-
-        res = txn.fetchone()
-        if res:
-            room_id = res[0]
-        else:
-            return None
-
-        txn.execute(
-            "DELETE FROM room_aliases WHERE room_alias = ?", (room_alias.to_string(),)
-        )
-
-        txn.execute(
-            "DELETE FROM room_alias_servers WHERE room_alias = ?",
-            (room_alias.to_string(),),
-        )
-
-        self._invalidate_cache_and_stream(txn, self.get_aliases_for_room, (room_id,))
-
-        return room_id
-
-    def update_aliases_for_room(self, old_room_id, new_room_id, creator):
-        def _update_aliases_for_room_txn(txn):
-            sql = "UPDATE room_aliases SET room_id = ?, creator = ? WHERE room_id = ?"
-            txn.execute(sql, (new_room_id, creator, old_room_id))
-            self._invalidate_cache_and_stream(
-                txn, self.get_aliases_for_room, (old_room_id,)
-            )
-            self._invalidate_cache_and_stream(
-                txn, self.get_aliases_for_room, (new_room_id,)
-            )
-
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "_update_aliases_for_room_txn", _update_aliases_for_room_txn
-        )
diff --git a/synapse/storage/e2e_room_keys.py b/synapse/storage/e2e_room_keys.py
deleted file mode 100644
index be2fe2bab6..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/e2e_room_keys.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,337 +0,0 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-# Copyright 2017 New Vector Ltd
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-
-import json
-
-from twisted.internet import defer
-
-from synapse.api.errors import StoreError
-from synapse.logging.opentracing import log_kv, trace
-
-from ._base import SQLBaseStore
-
-
-class EndToEndRoomKeyStore(SQLBaseStore):
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_e2e_room_key(self, user_id, version, room_id, session_id):
-        """Get the encrypted E2E room key for a given session from a given
-        backup version of room_keys.  We only store the 'best' room key for a given
-        session at a given time, as determined by the handler.
-
-        Args:
-            user_id(str): the user whose backup we're querying
-            version(str): the version ID of the backup for the set of keys we're querying
-            room_id(str): the ID of the room whose keys we're querying.
-                This is a bit redundant as it's implied by the session_id, but
-                we include for consistency with the rest of the API.
-            session_id(str): the session whose room_key we're querying.
-
-        Returns:
-            A deferred dict giving the session_data and message metadata for
-            this room key.
-        """
-
-        row = yield self._simple_select_one(
-            table="e2e_room_keys",
-            keyvalues={
-                "user_id": user_id,
-                "version": version,
-                "room_id": room_id,
-                "session_id": session_id,
-            },
-            retcols=(
-                "first_message_index",
-                "forwarded_count",
-                "is_verified",
-                "session_data",
-            ),
-            desc="get_e2e_room_key",
-        )
-
-        row["session_data"] = json.loads(row["session_data"])
-
-        return row
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def set_e2e_room_key(self, user_id, version, room_id, session_id, room_key):
-        """Replaces or inserts the encrypted E2E room key for a given session in
-        a given backup
-
-        Args:
-            user_id(str): the user whose backup we're setting
-            version(str): the version ID of the backup we're updating
-            room_id(str): the ID of the room whose keys we're setting
-            session_id(str): the session whose room_key we're setting
-            room_key(dict): the room_key being set
-        Raises:
-            StoreError
-        """
-
-        yield self._simple_upsert(
-            table="e2e_room_keys",
-            keyvalues={
-                "user_id": user_id,
-                "version": version,
-                "room_id": room_id,
-                "session_id": session_id,
-            },
-            values={
-                "first_message_index": room_key["first_message_index"],
-                "forwarded_count": room_key["forwarded_count"],
-                "is_verified": room_key["is_verified"],
-                "session_data": json.dumps(room_key["session_data"]),
-            },
-            lock=False,
-        )
-        log_kv(
-            {
-                "message": "Set room key",
-                "room_id": room_id,
-                "session_id": session_id,
-                "room_key": room_key,
-            }
-        )
-
-    @trace
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_e2e_room_keys(self, user_id, version, room_id=None, session_id=None):
-        """Bulk get the E2E room keys for a given backup, optionally filtered to a given
-        room, or a given session.
-
-        Args:
-            user_id(str): the user whose backup we're querying
-            version(str): the version ID of the backup for the set of keys we're querying
-            room_id(str): Optional. the ID of the room whose keys we're querying, if any.
-                If not specified, we return the keys for all the rooms in the backup.
-            session_id(str): Optional. the session whose room_key we're querying, if any.
-                If specified, we also require the room_id to be specified.
-                If not specified, we return all the keys in this version of
-                the backup (or for the specified room)
-
-        Returns:
-            A deferred list of dicts giving the session_data and message metadata for
-            these room keys.
-        """
-
-        try:
-            version = int(version)
-        except ValueError:
-            return {"rooms": {}}
-
-        keyvalues = {"user_id": user_id, "version": version}
-        if room_id:
-            keyvalues["room_id"] = room_id
-            if session_id:
-                keyvalues["session_id"] = session_id
-
-        rows = yield self._simple_select_list(
-            table="e2e_room_keys",
-            keyvalues=keyvalues,
-            retcols=(
-                "user_id",
-                "room_id",
-                "session_id",
-                "first_message_index",
-                "forwarded_count",
-                "is_verified",
-                "session_data",
-            ),
-            desc="get_e2e_room_keys",
-        )
-
-        sessions = {"rooms": {}}
-        for row in rows:
-            room_entry = sessions["rooms"].setdefault(row["room_id"], {"sessions": {}})
-            room_entry["sessions"][row["session_id"]] = {
-                "first_message_index": row["first_message_index"],
-                "forwarded_count": row["forwarded_count"],
-                "is_verified": row["is_verified"],
-                "session_data": json.loads(row["session_data"]),
-            }
-
-        return sessions
-
-    @trace
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def delete_e2e_room_keys(self, user_id, version, room_id=None, session_id=None):
-        """Bulk delete the E2E room keys for a given backup, optionally filtered to a given
-        room or a given session.
-
-        Args:
-            user_id(str): the user whose backup we're deleting from
-            version(str): the version ID of the backup for the set of keys we're deleting
-            room_id(str): Optional. the ID of the room whose keys we're deleting, if any.
-                If not specified, we delete the keys for all the rooms in the backup.
-            session_id(str): Optional. the session whose room_key we're querying, if any.
-                If specified, we also require the room_id to be specified.
-                If not specified, we delete all the keys in this version of
-                the backup (or for the specified room)
-
-        Returns:
-            A deferred of the deletion transaction
-        """
-
-        keyvalues = {"user_id": user_id, "version": int(version)}
-        if room_id:
-            keyvalues["room_id"] = room_id
-            if session_id:
-                keyvalues["session_id"] = session_id
-
-        yield self._simple_delete(
-            table="e2e_room_keys", keyvalues=keyvalues, desc="delete_e2e_room_keys"
-        )
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def _get_current_version(txn, user_id):
-        txn.execute(
-            "SELECT MAX(version) FROM e2e_room_keys_versions "
-            "WHERE user_id=? AND deleted=0",
-            (user_id,),
-        )
-        row = txn.fetchone()
-        if not row:
-            raise StoreError(404, "No current backup version")
-        return row[0]
-
-    def get_e2e_room_keys_version_info(self, user_id, version=None):
-        """Get info metadata about a version of our room_keys backup.
-
-        Args:
-            user_id(str): the user whose backup we're querying
-            version(str): Optional. the version ID of the backup we're querying about
-                If missing, we return the information about the current version.
-        Raises:
-            StoreError: with code 404 if there are no e2e_room_keys_versions present
-        Returns:
-            A deferred dict giving the info metadata for this backup version, with
-            fields including:
-                version(str)
-                algorithm(str)
-                auth_data(object): opaque dict supplied by the client
-        """
-
-        def _get_e2e_room_keys_version_info_txn(txn):
-            if version is None:
-                this_version = self._get_current_version(txn, user_id)
-            else:
-                try:
-                    this_version = int(version)
-                except ValueError:
-                    # Our versions are all ints so if we can't convert it to an integer,
-                    # it isn't there.
-                    raise StoreError(404, "No row found")
-
-            result = self._simple_select_one_txn(
-                txn,
-                table="e2e_room_keys_versions",
-                keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "version": this_version, "deleted": 0},
-                retcols=("version", "algorithm", "auth_data"),
-            )
-            result["auth_data"] = json.loads(result["auth_data"])
-            result["version"] = str(result["version"])
-            return result
-
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "get_e2e_room_keys_version_info", _get_e2e_room_keys_version_info_txn
-        )
-
-    @trace
-    def create_e2e_room_keys_version(self, user_id, info):
-        """Atomically creates a new version of this user's e2e_room_keys store
-        with the given version info.
-
-        Args:
-            user_id(str): the user whose backup we're creating a version
-            info(dict): the info about the backup version to be created
-
-        Returns:
-            A deferred string for the newly created version ID
-        """
-
-        def _create_e2e_room_keys_version_txn(txn):
-            txn.execute(
-                "SELECT MAX(version) FROM e2e_room_keys_versions WHERE user_id=?",
-                (user_id,),
-            )
-            current_version = txn.fetchone()[0]
-            if current_version is None:
-                current_version = "0"
-
-            new_version = str(int(current_version) + 1)
-
-            self._simple_insert_txn(
-                txn,
-                table="e2e_room_keys_versions",
-                values={
-                    "user_id": user_id,
-                    "version": new_version,
-                    "algorithm": info["algorithm"],
-                    "auth_data": json.dumps(info["auth_data"]),
-                },
-            )
-
-            return new_version
-
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "create_e2e_room_keys_version_txn", _create_e2e_room_keys_version_txn
-        )
-
-    @trace
-    def update_e2e_room_keys_version(self, user_id, version, info):
-        """Update a given backup version
-
-        Args:
-            user_id(str): the user whose backup version we're updating
-            version(str): the version ID of the backup version we're updating
-            info(dict): the new backup version info to store
-        """
-
-        return self._simple_update(
-            table="e2e_room_keys_versions",
-            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "version": version},
-            updatevalues={"auth_data": json.dumps(info["auth_data"])},
-            desc="update_e2e_room_keys_version",
-        )
-
-    @trace
-    def delete_e2e_room_keys_version(self, user_id, version=None):
-        """Delete a given backup version of the user's room keys.
-        Doesn't delete their actual key data.
-
-        Args:
-            user_id(str): the user whose backup version we're deleting
-            version(str): Optional. the version ID of the backup version we're deleting
-                If missing, we delete the current backup version info.
-        Raises:
-            StoreError: with code 404 if there are no e2e_room_keys_versions present,
-                or if the version requested doesn't exist.
-        """
-
-        def _delete_e2e_room_keys_version_txn(txn):
-            if version is None:
-                this_version = self._get_current_version(txn, user_id)
-            else:
-                this_version = version
-
-            return self._simple_update_one_txn(
-                txn,
-                table="e2e_room_keys_versions",
-                keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "version": this_version},
-                updatevalues={"deleted": 1},
-            )
-
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "delete_e2e_room_keys_version", _delete_e2e_room_keys_version_txn
-        )
diff --git a/synapse/storage/end_to_end_keys.py b/synapse/storage/end_to_end_keys.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 872bc75490..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/end_to_end_keys.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,323 +0,0 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-# Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-from six import iteritems
-
-from canonicaljson import encode_canonical_json
-
-from twisted.internet import defer
-
-from synapse.logging.opentracing import log_kv, set_tag, trace
-from synapse.util.caches.descriptors import cached
-
-from ._base import SQLBaseStore, db_to_json
-
-
-class EndToEndKeyWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
-    @trace
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_e2e_device_keys(
-        self, query_list, include_all_devices=False, include_deleted_devices=False
-    ):
-        """Fetch a list of device keys.
-        Args:
-            query_list(list): List of pairs of user_ids and device_ids.
-            include_all_devices (bool): whether to include entries for devices
-                that don't have device keys
-            include_deleted_devices (bool): whether to include null entries for
-                devices which no longer exist (but were in the query_list).
-                This option only takes effect if include_all_devices is true.
-        Returns:
-            Dict mapping from user-id to dict mapping from device_id to
-            key data.  The key data will be a dict in the same format as the
-            DeviceKeys type returned by POST /_matrix/client/r0/keys/query.
-        """
-        set_tag("query_list", query_list)
-        if not query_list:
-            return {}
-
-        results = yield self.runInteraction(
-            "get_e2e_device_keys",
-            self._get_e2e_device_keys_txn,
-            query_list,
-            include_all_devices,
-            include_deleted_devices,
-        )
-
-        # Build the result structure, un-jsonify the results, and add the
-        # "unsigned" section
-        rv = {}
-        for user_id, device_keys in iteritems(results):
-            rv[user_id] = {}
-            for device_id, device_info in iteritems(device_keys):
-                r = db_to_json(device_info.pop("key_json"))
-                r["unsigned"] = {}
-                display_name = device_info["device_display_name"]
-                if display_name is not None:
-                    r["unsigned"]["device_display_name"] = display_name
-                rv[user_id][device_id] = r
-
-        return rv
-
-    @trace
-    def _get_e2e_device_keys_txn(
-        self, txn, query_list, include_all_devices=False, include_deleted_devices=False
-    ):
-        set_tag("include_all_devices", include_all_devices)
-        set_tag("include_deleted_devices", include_deleted_devices)
-
-        query_clauses = []
-        query_params = []
-
-        if include_all_devices is False:
-            include_deleted_devices = False
-
-        if include_deleted_devices:
-            deleted_devices = set(query_list)
-
-        for (user_id, device_id) in query_list:
-            query_clause = "user_id = ?"
-            query_params.append(user_id)
-
-            if device_id is not None:
-                query_clause += " AND device_id = ?"
-                query_params.append(device_id)
-
-            query_clauses.append(query_clause)
-
-        sql = (
-            "SELECT user_id, device_id, "
-            "    d.display_name AS device_display_name, "
-            "    k.key_json"
-            " FROM devices d"
-            "    %s JOIN e2e_device_keys_json k USING (user_id, device_id)"
-            " WHERE %s"
-        ) % (
-            "LEFT" if include_all_devices else "INNER",
-            " OR ".join("(" + q + ")" for q in query_clauses),
-        )
-
-        txn.execute(sql, query_params)
-        rows = self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
-
-        result = {}
-        for row in rows:
-            if include_deleted_devices:
-                deleted_devices.remove((row["user_id"], row["device_id"]))
-            result.setdefault(row["user_id"], {})[row["device_id"]] = row
-
-        if include_deleted_devices:
-            for user_id, device_id in deleted_devices:
-                result.setdefault(user_id, {})[device_id] = None
-
-        log_kv(result)
-        return result
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_e2e_one_time_keys(self, user_id, device_id, key_ids):
-        """Retrieve a number of one-time keys for a user
-
-        Args:
-            user_id(str): id of user to get keys for
-            device_id(str): id of device to get keys for
-            key_ids(list[str]): list of key ids (excluding algorithm) to
-                retrieve
-
-        Returns:
-            deferred resolving to Dict[(str, str), str]: map from (algorithm,
-            key_id) to json string for key
-        """
-
-        rows = yield self._simple_select_many_batch(
-            table="e2e_one_time_keys_json",
-            column="key_id",
-            iterable=key_ids,
-            retcols=("algorithm", "key_id", "key_json"),
-            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "device_id": device_id},
-            desc="add_e2e_one_time_keys_check",
-        )
-        result = {(row["algorithm"], row["key_id"]): row["key_json"] for row in rows}
-        log_kv({"message": "Fetched one time keys for user", "one_time_keys": result})
-        return result
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def add_e2e_one_time_keys(self, user_id, device_id, time_now, new_keys):
-        """Insert some new one time keys for a device. Errors if any of the
-        keys already exist.
-
-        Args:
-            user_id(str): id of user to get keys for
-            device_id(str): id of device to get keys for
-            time_now(long): insertion time to record (ms since epoch)
-            new_keys(iterable[(str, str, str)]: keys to add - each a tuple of
-                (algorithm, key_id, key json)
-        """
-
-        def _add_e2e_one_time_keys(txn):
-            set_tag("user_id", user_id)
-            set_tag("device_id", device_id)
-            set_tag("new_keys", new_keys)
-            # We are protected from race between lookup and insertion due to
-            # a unique constraint. If there is a race of two calls to
-            # `add_e2e_one_time_keys` then they'll conflict and we will only
-            # insert one set.
-            self._simple_insert_many_txn(
-                txn,
-                table="e2e_one_time_keys_json",
-                values=[
-                    {
-                        "user_id": user_id,
-                        "device_id": device_id,
-                        "algorithm": algorithm,
-                        "key_id": key_id,
-                        "ts_added_ms": time_now,
-                        "key_json": json_bytes,
-                    }
-                    for algorithm, key_id, json_bytes in new_keys
-                ],
-            )
-            self._invalidate_cache_and_stream(
-                txn, self.count_e2e_one_time_keys, (user_id, device_id)
-            )
-
-        yield self.runInteraction(
-            "add_e2e_one_time_keys_insert", _add_e2e_one_time_keys
-        )
-
-    @cached(max_entries=10000)
-    def count_e2e_one_time_keys(self, user_id, device_id):
-        """ Count the number of one time keys the server has for a device
-        Returns:
-            Dict mapping from algorithm to number of keys for that algorithm.
-        """
-
-        def _count_e2e_one_time_keys(txn):
-            sql = (
-                "SELECT algorithm, COUNT(key_id) FROM e2e_one_time_keys_json"
-                " WHERE user_id = ? AND device_id = ?"
-                " GROUP BY algorithm"
-            )
-            txn.execute(sql, (user_id, device_id))
-            result = {}
-            for algorithm, key_count in txn:
-                result[algorithm] = key_count
-            return result
-
-        return self.runInteraction("count_e2e_one_time_keys", _count_e2e_one_time_keys)
-
-
-class EndToEndKeyStore(EndToEndKeyWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
-    def set_e2e_device_keys(self, user_id, device_id, time_now, device_keys):
-        """Stores device keys for a device. Returns whether there was a change
-        or the keys were already in the database.
-        """
-
-        def _set_e2e_device_keys_txn(txn):
-            set_tag("user_id", user_id)
-            set_tag("device_id", device_id)
-            set_tag("time_now", time_now)
-            set_tag("device_keys", device_keys)
-
-            old_key_json = self._simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
-                txn,
-                table="e2e_device_keys_json",
-                keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "device_id": device_id},
-                retcol="key_json",
-                allow_none=True,
-            )
-
-            # In py3 we need old_key_json to match new_key_json type. The DB
-            # returns unicode while encode_canonical_json returns bytes.
-            new_key_json = encode_canonical_json(device_keys).decode("utf-8")
-
-            if old_key_json == new_key_json:
-                log_kv({"Message": "Device key already stored."})
-                return False
-
-            self._simple_upsert_txn(
-                txn,
-                table="e2e_device_keys_json",
-                keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "device_id": device_id},
-                values={"ts_added_ms": time_now, "key_json": new_key_json},
-            )
-            log_kv({"message": "Device keys stored."})
-            return True
-
-        return self.runInteraction("set_e2e_device_keys", _set_e2e_device_keys_txn)
-
-    def claim_e2e_one_time_keys(self, query_list):
-        """Take a list of one time keys out of the database"""
-
-        @trace
-        def _claim_e2e_one_time_keys(txn):
-            sql = (
-                "SELECT key_id, key_json FROM e2e_one_time_keys_json"
-                " WHERE user_id = ? AND device_id = ? AND algorithm = ?"
-                " LIMIT 1"
-            )
-            result = {}
-            delete = []
-            for user_id, device_id, algorithm in query_list:
-                user_result = result.setdefault(user_id, {})
-                device_result = user_result.setdefault(device_id, {})
-                txn.execute(sql, (user_id, device_id, algorithm))
-                for key_id, key_json in txn:
-                    device_result[algorithm + ":" + key_id] = key_json
-                    delete.append((user_id, device_id, algorithm, key_id))
-            sql = (
-                "DELETE FROM e2e_one_time_keys_json"
-                " WHERE user_id = ? AND device_id = ? AND algorithm = ?"
-                " AND key_id = ?"
-            )
-            for user_id, device_id, algorithm, key_id in delete:
-                log_kv(
-                    {
-                        "message": "Executing claim e2e_one_time_keys transaction on database."
-                    }
-                )
-                txn.execute(sql, (user_id, device_id, algorithm, key_id))
-                log_kv({"message": "finished executing and invalidating cache"})
-                self._invalidate_cache_and_stream(
-                    txn, self.count_e2e_one_time_keys, (user_id, device_id)
-                )
-            return result
-
-        return self.runInteraction("claim_e2e_one_time_keys", _claim_e2e_one_time_keys)
-
-    def delete_e2e_keys_by_device(self, user_id, device_id):
-        def delete_e2e_keys_by_device_txn(txn):
-            log_kv(
-                {
-                    "message": "Deleting keys for device",
-                    "device_id": device_id,
-                    "user_id": user_id,
-                }
-            )
-            self._simple_delete_txn(
-                txn,
-                table="e2e_device_keys_json",
-                keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "device_id": device_id},
-            )
-            self._simple_delete_txn(
-                txn,
-                table="e2e_one_time_keys_json",
-                keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "device_id": device_id},
-            )
-            self._invalidate_cache_and_stream(
-                txn, self.count_e2e_one_time_keys, (user_id, device_id)
-            )
-
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "delete_e2e_keys_by_device", delete_e2e_keys_by_device_txn
-        )
diff --git a/synapse/storage/event_federation.py b/synapse/storage/event_federation.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 47cc10d32a..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/event_federation.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,672 +0,0 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-# Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-import itertools
-import logging
-import random
-
-from six.moves import range
-from six.moves.queue import Empty, PriorityQueue
-
-from unpaddedbase64 import encode_base64
-
-from twisted.internet import defer
-
-from synapse.api.errors import StoreError
-from synapse.metrics.background_process_metrics import run_as_background_process
-from synapse.storage._base import SQLBaseStore, make_in_list_sql_clause
-from synapse.storage.events_worker import EventsWorkerStore
-from synapse.storage.signatures import SignatureWorkerStore
-from synapse.util.caches.descriptors import cached
-
-logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-
-
-class EventFederationWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SignatureWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
-    def get_auth_chain(self, event_ids, include_given=False):
-        """Get auth events for given event_ids. The events *must* be state events.
-
-        Args:
-            event_ids (list): state events
-            include_given (bool): include the given events in result
-
-        Returns:
-            list of events
-        """
-        return self.get_auth_chain_ids(
-            event_ids, include_given=include_given
-        ).addCallback(self.get_events_as_list)
-
-    def get_auth_chain_ids(self, event_ids, include_given=False):
-        """Get auth events for given event_ids. The events *must* be state events.
-
-        Args:
-            event_ids (list): state events
-            include_given (bool): include the given events in result
-
-        Returns:
-            list of event_ids
-        """
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "get_auth_chain_ids", self._get_auth_chain_ids_txn, event_ids, include_given
-        )
-
-    def _get_auth_chain_ids_txn(self, txn, event_ids, include_given):
-        if include_given:
-            results = set(event_ids)
-        else:
-            results = set()
-
-        base_sql = "SELECT auth_id FROM event_auth WHERE "
-
-        front = set(event_ids)
-        while front:
-            new_front = set()
-            front_list = list(front)
-            chunks = [front_list[x : x + 100] for x in range(0, len(front), 100)]
-            for chunk in chunks:
-                clause, args = make_in_list_sql_clause(
-                    txn.database_engine, "event_id", chunk
-                )
-                txn.execute(base_sql + clause, list(args))
-                new_front.update([r[0] for r in txn])
-
-            new_front -= results
-
-            front = new_front
-            results.update(front)
-
-        return list(results)
-
-    def get_oldest_events_in_room(self, room_id):
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "get_oldest_events_in_room", self._get_oldest_events_in_room_txn, room_id
-        )
-
-    def get_oldest_events_with_depth_in_room(self, room_id):
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "get_oldest_events_with_depth_in_room",
-            self.get_oldest_events_with_depth_in_room_txn,
-            room_id,
-        )
-
-    def get_oldest_events_with_depth_in_room_txn(self, txn, room_id):
-        sql = (
-            "SELECT b.event_id, MAX(e.depth) FROM events as e"
-            " INNER JOIN event_edges as g"
-            " ON g.event_id = e.event_id"
-            " INNER JOIN event_backward_extremities as b"
-            " ON g.prev_event_id = b.event_id"
-            " WHERE b.room_id = ? AND g.is_state is ?"
-            " GROUP BY b.event_id"
-        )
-
-        txn.execute(sql, (room_id, False))
-
-        return dict(txn)
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_max_depth_of(self, event_ids):
-        """Returns the max depth of a set of event IDs
-
-        Args:
-            event_ids (list[str])
-
-        Returns
-            Deferred[int]
-        """
-        rows = yield self._simple_select_many_batch(
-            table="events",
-            column="event_id",
-            iterable=event_ids,
-            retcols=("depth",),
-            desc="get_max_depth_of",
-        )
-
-        if not rows:
-            return 0
-        else:
-            return max(row["depth"] for row in rows)
-
-    def _get_oldest_events_in_room_txn(self, txn, room_id):
-        return self._simple_select_onecol_txn(
-            txn,
-            table="event_backward_extremities",
-            keyvalues={"room_id": room_id},
-            retcol="event_id",
-        )
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_prev_events_for_room(self, room_id):
-        """
-        Gets a subset of the current forward extremities in the given room.
-
-        Limits the result to 10 extremities, so that we can avoid creating
-        events which refer to hundreds of prev_events.
-
-        Args:
-            room_id (str): room_id
-
-        Returns:
-            Deferred[list[(str, dict[str, str], int)]]
-                for each event, a tuple of (event_id, hashes, depth)
-                where *hashes* is a map from algorithm to hash.
-        """
-        res = yield self.get_latest_event_ids_and_hashes_in_room(room_id)
-        if len(res) > 10:
-            # Sort by reverse depth, so we point to the most recent.
-            res.sort(key=lambda a: -a[2])
-
-            # we use half of the limit for the actual most recent events, and
-            # the other half to randomly point to some of the older events, to
-            # make sure that we don't completely ignore the older events.
-            res = res[0:5] + random.sample(res[5:], 5)
-
-        return res
-
-    def get_latest_event_ids_and_hashes_in_room(self, room_id):
-        """
-        Gets the current forward extremities in the given room
-
-        Args:
-            room_id (str): room_id
-
-        Returns:
-            Deferred[list[(str, dict[str, str], int)]]
-                for each event, a tuple of (event_id, hashes, depth)
-                where *hashes* is a map from algorithm to hash.
-        """
-
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "get_latest_event_ids_and_hashes_in_room",
-            self._get_latest_event_ids_and_hashes_in_room,
-            room_id,
-        )
-
-    def get_rooms_with_many_extremities(self, min_count, limit, room_id_filter):
-        """Get the top rooms with at least N extremities.
-
-        Args:
-            min_count (int): The minimum number of extremities
-            limit (int): The maximum number of rooms to return.
-            room_id_filter (iterable[str]): room_ids to exclude from the results
-
-        Returns:
-            Deferred[list]: At most `limit` room IDs that have at least
-            `min_count` extremities, sorted by extremity count.
-        """
-
-        def _get_rooms_with_many_extremities_txn(txn):
-            where_clause = "1=1"
-            if room_id_filter:
-                where_clause = "room_id NOT IN (%s)" % (
-                    ",".join("?" for _ in room_id_filter),
-                )
-
-            sql = """
-                SELECT room_id FROM event_forward_extremities
-                WHERE %s
-                GROUP BY room_id
-                HAVING count(*) > ?
-                ORDER BY count(*) DESC
-                LIMIT ?
-            """ % (
-                where_clause,
-            )
-
-            query_args = list(itertools.chain(room_id_filter, [min_count, limit]))
-            txn.execute(sql, query_args)
-            return [room_id for room_id, in txn]
-
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "get_rooms_with_many_extremities", _get_rooms_with_many_extremities_txn
-        )
-
-    @cached(max_entries=5000, iterable=True)
-    def get_latest_event_ids_in_room(self, room_id):
-        return self._simple_select_onecol(
-            table="event_forward_extremities",
-            keyvalues={"room_id": room_id},
-            retcol="event_id",
-            desc="get_latest_event_ids_in_room",
-        )
-
-    def _get_latest_event_ids_and_hashes_in_room(self, txn, room_id):
-        sql = (
-            "SELECT e.event_id, e.depth FROM events as e "
-            "INNER JOIN event_forward_extremities as f "
-            "ON e.event_id = f.event_id "
-            "AND e.room_id = f.room_id "
-            "WHERE f.room_id = ?"
-        )
-
-        txn.execute(sql, (room_id,))
-
-        results = []
-        for event_id, depth in txn.fetchall():
-            hashes = self._get_event_reference_hashes_txn(txn, event_id)
-            prev_hashes = {
-                k: encode_base64(v) for k, v in hashes.items() if k == "sha256"
-            }
-            results.append((event_id, prev_hashes, depth))
-
-        return results
-
-    def get_min_depth(self, room_id):
-        """ For hte given room, get the minimum depth we have seen for it.
-        """
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "get_min_depth", self._get_min_depth_interaction, room_id
-        )
-
-    def _get_min_depth_interaction(self, txn, room_id):
-        min_depth = self._simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
-            txn,
-            table="room_depth",
-            keyvalues={"room_id": room_id},
-            retcol="min_depth",
-            allow_none=True,
-        )
-
-        return int(min_depth) if min_depth is not None else None
-
-    def get_forward_extremeties_for_room(self, room_id, stream_ordering):
-        """For a given room_id and stream_ordering, return the forward
-        extremeties of the room at that point in "time".
-
-        Throws a StoreError if we have since purged the index for
-        stream_orderings from that point.
-
-        Args:
-            room_id (str):
-            stream_ordering (int):
-
-        Returns:
-            deferred, which resolves to a list of event_ids
-        """
-        # We want to make the cache more effective, so we clamp to the last
-        # change before the given ordering.
-        last_change = self._events_stream_cache.get_max_pos_of_last_change(room_id)
-
-        # We don't always have a full stream_to_exterm_id table, e.g. after
-        # the upgrade that introduced it, so we make sure we never ask for a
-        # stream_ordering from before a restart
-        last_change = max(self._stream_order_on_start, last_change)
-
-        # provided the last_change is recent enough, we now clamp the requested
-        # stream_ordering to it.
-        if last_change > self.stream_ordering_month_ago:
-            stream_ordering = min(last_change, stream_ordering)
-
-        return self._get_forward_extremeties_for_room(room_id, stream_ordering)
-
-    @cached(max_entries=5000, num_args=2)
-    def _get_forward_extremeties_for_room(self, room_id, stream_ordering):
-        """For a given room_id and stream_ordering, return the forward
-        extremeties of the room at that point in "time".
-
-        Throws a StoreError if we have since purged the index for
-        stream_orderings from that point.
-        """
-
-        if stream_ordering <= self.stream_ordering_month_ago:
-            raise StoreError(400, "stream_ordering too old")
-
-        sql = """
-                SELECT event_id FROM stream_ordering_to_exterm
-                INNER JOIN (
-                    SELECT room_id, MAX(stream_ordering) AS stream_ordering
-                    FROM stream_ordering_to_exterm
-                    WHERE stream_ordering <= ? GROUP BY room_id
-                ) AS rms USING (room_id, stream_ordering)
-                WHERE room_id = ?
-        """
-
-        def get_forward_extremeties_for_room_txn(txn):
-            txn.execute(sql, (stream_ordering, room_id))
-            return [event_id for event_id, in txn]
-
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "get_forward_extremeties_for_room", get_forward_extremeties_for_room_txn
-        )
-
-    def get_backfill_events(self, room_id, event_list, limit):
-        """Get a list of Events for a given topic that occurred before (and
-        including) the events in event_list. Return a list of max size `limit`
-
-        Args:
-            txn
-            room_id (str)
-            event_list (list)
-            limit (int)
-        """
-        return (
-            self.runInteraction(
-                "get_backfill_events",
-                self._get_backfill_events,
-                room_id,
-                event_list,
-                limit,
-            )
-            .addCallback(self.get_events_as_list)
-            .addCallback(lambda l: sorted(l, key=lambda e: -e.depth))
-        )
-
-    def _get_backfill_events(self, txn, room_id, event_list, limit):
-        logger.debug(
-            "_get_backfill_events: %s, %s, %s", room_id, repr(event_list), limit
-        )
-
-        event_results = set()
-
-        # We want to make sure that we do a breadth-first, "depth" ordered
-        # search.
-
-        query = (
-            "SELECT depth, prev_event_id FROM event_edges"
-            " INNER JOIN events"
-            " ON prev_event_id = events.event_id"
-            " WHERE event_edges.event_id = ?"
-            " AND event_edges.is_state = ?"
-            " LIMIT ?"
-        )
-
-        queue = PriorityQueue()
-
-        for event_id in event_list:
-            depth = self._simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
-                txn,
-                table="events",
-                keyvalues={"event_id": event_id, "room_id": room_id},
-                retcol="depth",
-                allow_none=True,
-            )
-
-            if depth:
-                queue.put((-depth, event_id))
-
-        while not queue.empty() and len(event_results) < limit:
-            try:
-                _, event_id = queue.get_nowait()
-            except Empty:
-                break
-
-            if event_id in event_results:
-                continue
-
-            event_results.add(event_id)
-
-            txn.execute(query, (event_id, False, limit - len(event_results)))
-
-            for row in txn:
-                if row[1] not in event_results:
-                    queue.put((-row[0], row[1]))
-
-        return event_results
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_missing_events(self, room_id, earliest_events, latest_events, limit):
-        ids = yield self.runInteraction(
-            "get_missing_events",
-            self._get_missing_events,
-            room_id,
-            earliest_events,
-            latest_events,
-            limit,
-        )
-        events = yield self.get_events_as_list(ids)
-        return events
-
-    def _get_missing_events(self, txn, room_id, earliest_events, latest_events, limit):
-
-        seen_events = set(earliest_events)
-        front = set(latest_events) - seen_events
-        event_results = []
-
-        query = (
-            "SELECT prev_event_id FROM event_edges "
-            "WHERE room_id = ? AND event_id = ? AND is_state = ? "
-            "LIMIT ?"
-        )
-
-        while front and len(event_results) < limit:
-            new_front = set()
-            for event_id in front:
-                txn.execute(
-                    query, (room_id, event_id, False, limit - len(event_results))
-                )
-
-                new_results = set(t[0] for t in txn) - seen_events
-
-                new_front |= new_results
-                seen_events |= new_results
-                event_results.extend(new_results)
-
-            front = new_front
-
-        # we built the list working backwards from latest_events; we now need to
-        # reverse it so that the events are approximately chronological.
-        event_results.reverse()
-        return event_results
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_successor_events(self, event_ids):
-        """Fetch all events that have the given events as a prev event
-
-        Args:
-            event_ids (iterable[str])
-
-        Returns:
-            Deferred[list[str]]
-        """
-        rows = yield self._simple_select_many_batch(
-            table="event_edges",
-            column="prev_event_id",
-            iterable=event_ids,
-            retcols=("event_id",),
-            desc="get_successor_events",
-        )
-
-        return [row["event_id"] for row in rows]
-
-
-class EventFederationStore(EventFederationWorkerStore):
-    """ Responsible for storing and serving up the various graphs associated
-    with an event. Including the main event graph and the auth chains for an
-    event.
-
-    Also has methods for getting the front (latest) and back (oldest) edges
-    of the event graphs. These are used to generate the parents for new events
-    and backfilling from another server respectively.
-    """
-
-    EVENT_AUTH_STATE_ONLY = "event_auth_state_only"
-
-    def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
-        super(EventFederationStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
-
-        self.register_background_update_handler(
-            self.EVENT_AUTH_STATE_ONLY, self._background_delete_non_state_event_auth
-        )
-
-        hs.get_clock().looping_call(
-            self._delete_old_forward_extrem_cache, 60 * 60 * 1000
-        )
-
-    def _update_min_depth_for_room_txn(self, txn, room_id, depth):
-        min_depth = self._get_min_depth_interaction(txn, room_id)
-
-        if min_depth and depth >= min_depth:
-            return
-
-        self._simple_upsert_txn(
-            txn,
-            table="room_depth",
-            keyvalues={"room_id": room_id},
-            values={"min_depth": depth},
-        )
-
-    def _handle_mult_prev_events(self, txn, events):
-        """
-        For the given event, update the event edges table and forward and
-        backward extremities tables.
-        """
-        self._simple_insert_many_txn(
-            txn,
-            table="event_edges",
-            values=[
-                {
-                    "event_id": ev.event_id,
-                    "prev_event_id": e_id,
-                    "room_id": ev.room_id,
-                    "is_state": False,
-                }
-                for ev in events
-                for e_id in ev.prev_event_ids()
-            ],
-        )
-
-        self._update_backward_extremeties(txn, events)
-
-    def _update_backward_extremeties(self, txn, events):
-        """Updates the event_backward_extremities tables based on the new/updated
-        events being persisted.
-
-        This is called for new events *and* for events that were outliers, but
-        are now being persisted as non-outliers.
-
-        Forward extremities are handled when we first start persisting the events.
-        """
-        events_by_room = {}
-        for ev in events:
-            events_by_room.setdefault(ev.room_id, []).append(ev)
-
-        query = (
-            "INSERT INTO event_backward_extremities (event_id, room_id)"
-            " SELECT ?, ? WHERE NOT EXISTS ("
-            " SELECT 1 FROM event_backward_extremities"
-            " WHERE event_id = ? AND room_id = ?"
-            " )"
-            " AND NOT EXISTS ("
-            " SELECT 1 FROM events WHERE event_id = ? AND room_id = ? "
-            " AND outlier = ?"
-            " )"
-        )
-
-        txn.executemany(
-            query,
-            [
-                (e_id, ev.room_id, e_id, ev.room_id, e_id, ev.room_id, False)
-                for ev in events
-                for e_id in ev.prev_event_ids()
-                if not ev.internal_metadata.is_outlier()
-            ],
-        )
-
-        query = (
-            "DELETE FROM event_backward_extremities"
-            " WHERE event_id = ? AND room_id = ?"
-        )
-        txn.executemany(
-            query,
-            [
-                (ev.event_id, ev.room_id)
-                for ev in events
-                if not ev.internal_metadata.is_outlier()
-            ],
-        )
-
-    def _delete_old_forward_extrem_cache(self):
-        def _delete_old_forward_extrem_cache_txn(txn):
-            # Delete entries older than a month, while making sure we don't delete
-            # the only entries for a room.
-            sql = """
-                DELETE FROM stream_ordering_to_exterm
-                WHERE
-                room_id IN (
-                    SELECT room_id
-                    FROM stream_ordering_to_exterm
-                    WHERE stream_ordering > ?
-                ) AND stream_ordering < ?
-            """
-            txn.execute(
-                sql, (self.stream_ordering_month_ago, self.stream_ordering_month_ago)
-            )
-
-        return run_as_background_process(
-            "delete_old_forward_extrem_cache",
-            self.runInteraction,
-            "_delete_old_forward_extrem_cache",
-            _delete_old_forward_extrem_cache_txn,
-        )
-
-    def clean_room_for_join(self, room_id):
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "clean_room_for_join", self._clean_room_for_join_txn, room_id
-        )
-
-    def _clean_room_for_join_txn(self, txn, room_id):
-        query = "DELETE FROM event_forward_extremities WHERE room_id = ?"
-
-        txn.execute(query, (room_id,))
-        txn.call_after(self.get_latest_event_ids_in_room.invalidate, (room_id,))
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _background_delete_non_state_event_auth(self, progress, batch_size):
-        def delete_event_auth(txn):
-            target_min_stream_id = progress.get("target_min_stream_id_inclusive")
-            max_stream_id = progress.get("max_stream_id_exclusive")
-
-            if not target_min_stream_id or not max_stream_id:
-                txn.execute("SELECT COALESCE(MIN(stream_ordering), 0) FROM events")
-                rows = txn.fetchall()
-                target_min_stream_id = rows[0][0]
-
-                txn.execute("SELECT COALESCE(MAX(stream_ordering), 0) FROM events")
-                rows = txn.fetchall()
-                max_stream_id = rows[0][0]
-
-            min_stream_id = max_stream_id - batch_size
-
-            sql = """
-                DELETE FROM event_auth
-                WHERE event_id IN (
-                    SELECT event_id FROM events
-                    LEFT JOIN state_events USING (room_id, event_id)
-                    WHERE ? <= stream_ordering AND stream_ordering < ?
-                        AND state_key IS null
-                )
-            """
-
-            txn.execute(sql, (min_stream_id, max_stream_id))
-
-            new_progress = {
-                "target_min_stream_id_inclusive": target_min_stream_id,
-                "max_stream_id_exclusive": min_stream_id,
-            }
-
-            self._background_update_progress_txn(
-                txn, self.EVENT_AUTH_STATE_ONLY, new_progress
-            )
-
-            return min_stream_id >= target_min_stream_id
-
-        result = yield self.runInteraction(
-            self.EVENT_AUTH_STATE_ONLY, delete_event_auth
-        )
-
-        if not result:
-            yield self._end_background_update(self.EVENT_AUTH_STATE_ONLY)
-
-        return batch_size
diff --git a/synapse/storage/event_push_actions.py b/synapse/storage/event_push_actions.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 22025effbc..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/event_push_actions.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,960 +0,0 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-# Copyright 2015 OpenMarket Ltd
-# Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-
-import logging
-
-from six import iteritems
-
-from canonicaljson import json
-
-from twisted.internet import defer
-
-from synapse.metrics.background_process_metrics import run_as_background_process
-from synapse.storage._base import LoggingTransaction, SQLBaseStore
-from synapse.util.caches.descriptors import cachedInlineCallbacks
-
-logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-
-
-DEFAULT_NOTIF_ACTION = ["notify", {"set_tweak": "highlight", "value": False}]
-DEFAULT_HIGHLIGHT_ACTION = [
-    "notify",
-    {"set_tweak": "sound", "value": "default"},
-    {"set_tweak": "highlight"},
-]
-
-
-def _serialize_action(actions, is_highlight):
-    """Custom serializer for actions. This allows us to "compress" common actions.
-
-    We use the fact that most users have the same actions for notifs (and for
-    highlights).
-    We store these default actions as the empty string rather than the full JSON.
-    Since the empty string isn't valid JSON there is no risk of this clashing with
-    any real JSON actions
-    """
-    if is_highlight:
-        if actions == DEFAULT_HIGHLIGHT_ACTION:
-            return ""  # We use empty string as the column is non-NULL
-    else:
-        if actions == DEFAULT_NOTIF_ACTION:
-            return ""
-    return json.dumps(actions)
-
-
-def _deserialize_action(actions, is_highlight):
-    """Custom deserializer for actions. This allows us to "compress" common actions
-    """
-    if actions:
-        return json.loads(actions)
-
-    if is_highlight:
-        return DEFAULT_HIGHLIGHT_ACTION
-    else:
-        return DEFAULT_NOTIF_ACTION
-
-
-class EventPushActionsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
-    def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
-        super(EventPushActionsWorkerStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
-
-        # These get correctly set by _find_stream_orderings_for_times_txn
-        self.stream_ordering_month_ago = None
-        self.stream_ordering_day_ago = None
-
-        cur = LoggingTransaction(
-            db_conn.cursor(),
-            name="_find_stream_orderings_for_times_txn",
-            database_engine=self.database_engine,
-        )
-        self._find_stream_orderings_for_times_txn(cur)
-        cur.close()
-
-        self.find_stream_orderings_looping_call = self._clock.looping_call(
-            self._find_stream_orderings_for_times, 10 * 60 * 1000
-        )
-        self._rotate_delay = 3
-        self._rotate_count = 10000
-
-    @cachedInlineCallbacks(num_args=3, tree=True, max_entries=5000)
-    def get_unread_event_push_actions_by_room_for_user(
-        self, room_id, user_id, last_read_event_id
-    ):
-        ret = yield self.runInteraction(
-            "get_unread_event_push_actions_by_room",
-            self._get_unread_counts_by_receipt_txn,
-            room_id,
-            user_id,
-            last_read_event_id,
-        )
-        return ret
-
-    def _get_unread_counts_by_receipt_txn(
-        self, txn, room_id, user_id, last_read_event_id
-    ):
-        sql = (
-            "SELECT stream_ordering"
-            " FROM events"
-            " WHERE room_id = ? AND event_id = ?"
-        )
-        txn.execute(sql, (room_id, last_read_event_id))
-        results = txn.fetchall()
-        if len(results) == 0:
-            return {"notify_count": 0, "highlight_count": 0}
-
-        stream_ordering = results[0][0]
-
-        return self._get_unread_counts_by_pos_txn(
-            txn, room_id, user_id, stream_ordering
-        )
-
-    def _get_unread_counts_by_pos_txn(self, txn, room_id, user_id, stream_ordering):
-
-        # First get number of notifications.
-        # We don't need to put a notif=1 clause as all rows always have
-        # notif=1
-        sql = (
-            "SELECT count(*)"
-            " FROM event_push_actions ea"
-            " WHERE"
-            " user_id = ?"
-            " AND room_id = ?"
-            " AND stream_ordering > ?"
-        )
-
-        txn.execute(sql, (user_id, room_id, stream_ordering))
-        row = txn.fetchone()
-        notify_count = row[0] if row else 0
-
-        txn.execute(
-            """
-            SELECT notif_count FROM event_push_summary
-            WHERE room_id = ? AND user_id = ? AND stream_ordering > ?
-        """,
-            (room_id, user_id, stream_ordering),
-        )
-        rows = txn.fetchall()
-        if rows:
-            notify_count += rows[0][0]
-
-        # Now get the number of highlights
-        sql = (
-            "SELECT count(*)"
-            " FROM event_push_actions ea"
-            " WHERE"
-            " highlight = 1"
-            " AND user_id = ?"
-            " AND room_id = ?"
-            " AND stream_ordering > ?"
-        )
-
-        txn.execute(sql, (user_id, room_id, stream_ordering))
-        row = txn.fetchone()
-        highlight_count = row[0] if row else 0
-
-        return {"notify_count": notify_count, "highlight_count": highlight_count}
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_push_action_users_in_range(self, min_stream_ordering, max_stream_ordering):
-        def f(txn):
-            sql = (
-                "SELECT DISTINCT(user_id) FROM event_push_actions WHERE"
-                " stream_ordering >= ? AND stream_ordering <= ?"
-            )
-            txn.execute(sql, (min_stream_ordering, max_stream_ordering))
-            return [r[0] for r in txn]
-
-        ret = yield self.runInteraction("get_push_action_users_in_range", f)
-        return ret
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_unread_push_actions_for_user_in_range_for_http(
-        self, user_id, min_stream_ordering, max_stream_ordering, limit=20
-    ):
-        """Get a list of the most recent unread push actions for a given user,
-        within the given stream ordering range. Called by the httppusher.
-
-        Args:
-            user_id (str): The user to fetch push actions for.
-            min_stream_ordering(int): The exclusive lower bound on the
-                stream ordering of event push actions to fetch.
-            max_stream_ordering(int): The inclusive upper bound on the
-                stream ordering of event push actions to fetch.
-            limit (int): The maximum number of rows to return.
-        Returns:
-            A promise which resolves to a list of dicts with the keys "event_id",
-            "room_id", "stream_ordering", "actions".
-            The list will be ordered by ascending stream_ordering.
-            The list will have between 0~limit entries.
-        """
-        # find rooms that have a read receipt in them and return the next
-        # push actions
-        def get_after_receipt(txn):
-            # find rooms that have a read receipt in them and return the next
-            # push actions
-            sql = (
-                "SELECT ep.event_id, ep.room_id, ep.stream_ordering, ep.actions,"
-                "   ep.highlight "
-                " FROM ("
-                "   SELECT room_id,"
-                "       MAX(stream_ordering) as stream_ordering"
-                "   FROM events"
-                "   INNER JOIN receipts_linearized USING (room_id, event_id)"
-                "   WHERE receipt_type = 'm.read' AND user_id = ?"
-                "   GROUP BY room_id"
-                ") AS rl,"
-                " event_push_actions AS ep"
-                " WHERE"
-                "   ep.room_id = rl.room_id"
-                "   AND ep.stream_ordering > rl.stream_ordering"
-                "   AND ep.user_id = ?"
-                "   AND ep.stream_ordering > ?"
-                "   AND ep.stream_ordering <= ?"
-                " ORDER BY ep.stream_ordering ASC LIMIT ?"
-            )
-            args = [user_id, user_id, min_stream_ordering, max_stream_ordering, limit]
-            txn.execute(sql, args)
-            return txn.fetchall()
-
-        after_read_receipt = yield self.runInteraction(
-            "get_unread_push_actions_for_user_in_range_http_arr", get_after_receipt
-        )
-
-        # There are rooms with push actions in them but you don't have a read receipt in
-        # them e.g. rooms you've been invited to, so get push actions for rooms which do
-        # not have read receipts in them too.
-        def get_no_receipt(txn):
-            sql = (
-                "SELECT ep.event_id, ep.room_id, ep.stream_ordering, ep.actions,"
-                "   ep.highlight "
-                " FROM event_push_actions AS ep"
-                " INNER JOIN events AS e USING (room_id, event_id)"
-                " WHERE"
-                "   ep.room_id NOT IN ("
-                "     SELECT room_id FROM receipts_linearized"
-                "       WHERE receipt_type = 'm.read' AND user_id = ?"
-                "       GROUP BY room_id"
-                "   )"
-                "   AND ep.user_id = ?"
-                "   AND ep.stream_ordering > ?"
-                "   AND ep.stream_ordering <= ?"
-                " ORDER BY ep.stream_ordering ASC LIMIT ?"
-            )
-            args = [user_id, user_id, min_stream_ordering, max_stream_ordering, limit]
-            txn.execute(sql, args)
-            return txn.fetchall()
-
-        no_read_receipt = yield self.runInteraction(
-            "get_unread_push_actions_for_user_in_range_http_nrr", get_no_receipt
-        )
-
-        notifs = [
-            {
-                "event_id": row[0],
-                "room_id": row[1],
-                "stream_ordering": row[2],
-                "actions": _deserialize_action(row[3], row[4]),
-            }
-            for row in after_read_receipt + no_read_receipt
-        ]
-
-        # Now sort it so it's ordered correctly, since currently it will
-        # contain results from the first query, correctly ordered, followed
-        # by results from the second query, but we want them all ordered
-        # by stream_ordering, oldest first.
-        notifs.sort(key=lambda r: r["stream_ordering"])
-
-        # Take only up to the limit. We have to stop at the limit because
-        # one of the subqueries may have hit the limit.
-        return notifs[:limit]
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_unread_push_actions_for_user_in_range_for_email(
-        self, user_id, min_stream_ordering, max_stream_ordering, limit=20
-    ):
-        """Get a list of the most recent unread push actions for a given user,
-        within the given stream ordering range. Called by the emailpusher
-
-        Args:
-            user_id (str): The user to fetch push actions for.
-            min_stream_ordering(int): The exclusive lower bound on the
-                stream ordering of event push actions to fetch.
-            max_stream_ordering(int): The inclusive upper bound on the
-                stream ordering of event push actions to fetch.
-            limit (int): The maximum number of rows to return.
-        Returns:
-            A promise which resolves to a list of dicts with the keys "event_id",
-            "room_id", "stream_ordering", "actions", "received_ts".
-            The list will be ordered by descending received_ts.
-            The list will have between 0~limit entries.
-        """
-        # find rooms that have a read receipt in them and return the most recent
-        # push actions
-        def get_after_receipt(txn):
-            sql = (
-                "SELECT ep.event_id, ep.room_id, ep.stream_ordering, ep.actions,"
-                "  ep.highlight, e.received_ts"
-                " FROM ("
-                "   SELECT room_id,"
-                "       MAX(stream_ordering) as stream_ordering"
-                "   FROM events"
-                "   INNER JOIN receipts_linearized USING (room_id, event_id)"
-                "   WHERE receipt_type = 'm.read' AND user_id = ?"
-                "   GROUP BY room_id"
-                ") AS rl,"
-                " event_push_actions AS ep"
-                " INNER JOIN events AS e USING (room_id, event_id)"
-                " WHERE"
-                "   ep.room_id = rl.room_id"
-                "   AND ep.stream_ordering > rl.stream_ordering"
-                "   AND ep.user_id = ?"
-                "   AND ep.stream_ordering > ?"
-                "   AND ep.stream_ordering <= ?"
-                " ORDER BY ep.stream_ordering DESC LIMIT ?"
-            )
-            args = [user_id, user_id, min_stream_ordering, max_stream_ordering, limit]
-            txn.execute(sql, args)
-            return txn.fetchall()
-
-        after_read_receipt = yield self.runInteraction(
-            "get_unread_push_actions_for_user_in_range_email_arr", get_after_receipt
-        )
-
-        # There are rooms with push actions in them but you don't have a read receipt in
-        # them e.g. rooms you've been invited to, so get push actions for rooms which do
-        # not have read receipts in them too.
-        def get_no_receipt(txn):
-            sql = (
-                "SELECT ep.event_id, ep.room_id, ep.stream_ordering, ep.actions,"
-                "   ep.highlight, e.received_ts"
-                " FROM event_push_actions AS ep"
-                " INNER JOIN events AS e USING (room_id, event_id)"
-                " WHERE"
-                "   ep.room_id NOT IN ("
-                "     SELECT room_id FROM receipts_linearized"
-                "       WHERE receipt_type = 'm.read' AND user_id = ?"
-                "       GROUP BY room_id"
-                "   )"
-                "   AND ep.user_id = ?"
-                "   AND ep.stream_ordering > ?"
-                "   AND ep.stream_ordering <= ?"
-                " ORDER BY ep.stream_ordering DESC LIMIT ?"
-            )
-            args = [user_id, user_id, min_stream_ordering, max_stream_ordering, limit]
-            txn.execute(sql, args)
-            return txn.fetchall()
-
-        no_read_receipt = yield self.runInteraction(
-            "get_unread_push_actions_for_user_in_range_email_nrr", get_no_receipt
-        )
-
-        # Make a list of dicts from the two sets of results.
-        notifs = [
-            {
-                "event_id": row[0],
-                "room_id": row[1],
-                "stream_ordering": row[2],
-                "actions": _deserialize_action(row[3], row[4]),
-                "received_ts": row[5],
-            }
-            for row in after_read_receipt + no_read_receipt
-        ]
-
-        # Now sort it so it's ordered correctly, since currently it will
-        # contain results from the first query, correctly ordered, followed
-        # by results from the second query, but we want them all ordered
-        # by received_ts (most recent first)
-        notifs.sort(key=lambda r: -(r["received_ts"] or 0))
-
-        # Now return the first `limit`
-        return notifs[:limit]
-
-    def get_if_maybe_push_in_range_for_user(self, user_id, min_stream_ordering):
-        """A fast check to see if there might be something to push for the
-        user since the given stream ordering. May return false positives.
-
-        Useful to know whether to bother starting a pusher on start up or not.
-
-        Args:
-            user_id (str)
-            min_stream_ordering (int)
-
-        Returns:
-            Deferred[bool]: True if there may be push to process, False if
-            there definitely isn't.
-        """
-
-        def _get_if_maybe_push_in_range_for_user_txn(txn):
-            sql = """
-                SELECT 1 FROM event_push_actions
-                WHERE user_id = ? AND stream_ordering > ?
-                LIMIT 1
-            """
-
-            txn.execute(sql, (user_id, min_stream_ordering))
-            return bool(txn.fetchone())
-
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "get_if_maybe_push_in_range_for_user",
-            _get_if_maybe_push_in_range_for_user_txn,
-        )
-
-    def add_push_actions_to_staging(self, event_id, user_id_actions):
-        """Add the push actions for the event to the push action staging area.
-
-        Args:
-            event_id (str)
-            user_id_actions (dict[str, list[dict|str])]): A dictionary mapping
-                user_id to list of push actions, where an action can either be
-                a string or dict.
-
-        Returns:
-            Deferred
-        """
-
-        if not user_id_actions:
-            return
-
-        # This is a helper function for generating the necessary tuple that
-        # can be used to inert into the `event_push_actions_staging` table.
-        def _gen_entry(user_id, actions):
-            is_highlight = 1 if _action_has_highlight(actions) else 0
-            return (
-                event_id,  # event_id column
-                user_id,  # user_id column
-                _serialize_action(actions, is_highlight),  # actions column
-                1,  # notif column
-                is_highlight,  # highlight column
-            )
-
-        def _add_push_actions_to_staging_txn(txn):
-            # We don't use _simple_insert_many here to avoid the overhead
-            # of generating lists of dicts.
-
-            sql = """
-                INSERT INTO event_push_actions_staging
-                    (event_id, user_id, actions, notif, highlight)
-                VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
-            """
-
-            txn.executemany(
-                sql,
-                (
-                    _gen_entry(user_id, actions)
-                    for user_id, actions in iteritems(user_id_actions)
-                ),
-            )
-
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "add_push_actions_to_staging", _add_push_actions_to_staging_txn
-        )
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def remove_push_actions_from_staging(self, event_id):
-        """Called if we failed to persist the event to ensure that stale push
-        actions don't build up in the DB
-
-        Args:
-            event_id (str)
-        """
-
-        try:
-            res = yield self._simple_delete(
-                table="event_push_actions_staging",
-                keyvalues={"event_id": event_id},
-                desc="remove_push_actions_from_staging",
-            )
-            return res
-        except Exception:
-            # this method is called from an exception handler, so propagating
-            # another exception here really isn't helpful - there's nothing
-            # the caller can do about it. Just log the exception and move on.
-            logger.exception(
-                "Error removing push actions after event persistence failure"
-            )
-
-    def _find_stream_orderings_for_times(self):
-        return run_as_background_process(
-            "event_push_action_stream_orderings",
-            self.runInteraction,
-            "_find_stream_orderings_for_times",
-            self._find_stream_orderings_for_times_txn,
-        )
-
-    def _find_stream_orderings_for_times_txn(self, txn):
-        logger.info("Searching for stream ordering 1 month ago")
-        self.stream_ordering_month_ago = self._find_first_stream_ordering_after_ts_txn(
-            txn, self._clock.time_msec() - 30 * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000
-        )
-        logger.info(
-            "Found stream ordering 1 month ago: it's %d", self.stream_ordering_month_ago
-        )
-        logger.info("Searching for stream ordering 1 day ago")
-        self.stream_ordering_day_ago = self._find_first_stream_ordering_after_ts_txn(
-            txn, self._clock.time_msec() - 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000
-        )
-        logger.info(
-            "Found stream ordering 1 day ago: it's %d", self.stream_ordering_day_ago
-        )
-
-    def find_first_stream_ordering_after_ts(self, ts):
-        """Gets the stream ordering corresponding to a given timestamp.
-
-        Specifically, finds the stream_ordering of the first event that was
-        received on or after the timestamp. This is done by a binary search on
-        the events table, since there is no index on received_ts, so is
-        relatively slow.
-
-        Args:
-            ts (int): timestamp in millis
-
-        Returns:
-            Deferred[int]: stream ordering of the first event received on/after
-                the timestamp
-        """
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "_find_first_stream_ordering_after_ts_txn",
-            self._find_first_stream_ordering_after_ts_txn,
-            ts,
-        )
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def _find_first_stream_ordering_after_ts_txn(txn, ts):
-        """
-        Find the stream_ordering of the first event that was received on or
-        after a given timestamp. This is relatively slow as there is no index
-        on received_ts but we can then use this to delete push actions before
-        this.
-
-        received_ts must necessarily be in the same order as stream_ordering
-        and stream_ordering is indexed, so we manually binary search using
-        stream_ordering
-
-        Args:
-            txn (twisted.enterprise.adbapi.Transaction):
-            ts (int): timestamp to search for
-
-        Returns:
-            int: stream ordering
-        """
-        txn.execute("SELECT MAX(stream_ordering) FROM events")
-        max_stream_ordering = txn.fetchone()[0]
-
-        if max_stream_ordering is None:
-            return 0
-
-        # We want the first stream_ordering in which received_ts is greater
-        # than or equal to ts. Call this point X.
-        #
-        # We maintain the invariants:
-        #
-        #   range_start <= X <= range_end
-        #
-        range_start = 0
-        range_end = max_stream_ordering + 1
-
-        # Given a stream_ordering, look up the timestamp at that
-        # stream_ordering.
-        #
-        # The array may be sparse (we may be missing some stream_orderings).
-        # We treat the gaps as the same as having the same value as the
-        # preceding entry, because we will pick the lowest stream_ordering
-        # which satisfies our requirement of received_ts >= ts.
-        #
-        # For example, if our array of events indexed by stream_ordering is
-        # [10, <none>, 20], we should treat this as being equivalent to
-        # [10, 10, 20].
-        #
-        sql = (
-            "SELECT received_ts FROM events"
-            " WHERE stream_ordering <= ?"
-            " ORDER BY stream_ordering DESC"
-            " LIMIT 1"
-        )
-
-        while range_end - range_start > 0:
-            middle = (range_end + range_start) // 2
-            txn.execute(sql, (middle,))
-            row = txn.fetchone()
-            if row is None:
-                # no rows with stream_ordering<=middle
-                range_start = middle + 1
-                continue
-
-            middle_ts = row[0]
-            if ts > middle_ts:
-                # we got a timestamp lower than the one we were looking for.
-                # definitely need to look higher: X > middle.
-                range_start = middle + 1
-            else:
-                # we got a timestamp higher than (or the same as) the one we
-                # were looking for. We aren't yet sure about the point we
-                # looked up, but we can be sure that X <= middle.
-                range_end = middle
-
-        return range_end
-
-
-class EventPushActionsStore(EventPushActionsWorkerStore):
-    EPA_HIGHLIGHT_INDEX = "epa_highlight_index"
-
-    def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
-        super(EventPushActionsStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
-
-        self.register_background_index_update(
-            self.EPA_HIGHLIGHT_INDEX,
-            index_name="event_push_actions_u_highlight",
-            table="event_push_actions",
-            columns=["user_id", "stream_ordering"],
-        )
-
-        self.register_background_index_update(
-            "event_push_actions_highlights_index",
-            index_name="event_push_actions_highlights_index",
-            table="event_push_actions",
-            columns=["user_id", "room_id", "topological_ordering", "stream_ordering"],
-            where_clause="highlight=1",
-        )
-
-        self._doing_notif_rotation = False
-        self._rotate_notif_loop = self._clock.looping_call(
-            self._start_rotate_notifs, 30 * 60 * 1000
-        )
-
-    def _set_push_actions_for_event_and_users_txn(
-        self, txn, events_and_contexts, all_events_and_contexts
-    ):
-        """Handles moving push actions from staging table to main
-        event_push_actions table for all events in `events_and_contexts`.
-
-        Also ensures that all events in `all_events_and_contexts` are removed
-        from the push action staging area.
-
-        Args:
-            events_and_contexts (list[(EventBase, EventContext)]): events
-                we are persisting
-            all_events_and_contexts (list[(EventBase, EventContext)]): all
-                events that we were going to persist. This includes events
-                we've already persisted, etc, that wouldn't appear in
-                events_and_context.
-        """
-
-        sql = """
-            INSERT INTO event_push_actions (
-                room_id, event_id, user_id, actions, stream_ordering,
-                topological_ordering, notif, highlight
-            )
-            SELECT ?, event_id, user_id, actions, ?, ?, notif, highlight
-            FROM event_push_actions_staging
-            WHERE event_id = ?
-        """
-
-        if events_and_contexts:
-            txn.executemany(
-                sql,
-                (
-                    (
-                        event.room_id,
-                        event.internal_metadata.stream_ordering,
-                        event.depth,
-                        event.event_id,
-                    )
-                    for event, _ in events_and_contexts
-                ),
-            )
-
-        for event, _ in events_and_contexts:
-            user_ids = self._simple_select_onecol_txn(
-                txn,
-                table="event_push_actions_staging",
-                keyvalues={"event_id": event.event_id},
-                retcol="user_id",
-            )
-
-            for uid in user_ids:
-                txn.call_after(
-                    self.get_unread_event_push_actions_by_room_for_user.invalidate_many,
-                    (event.room_id, uid),
-                )
-
-        # Now we delete the staging area for *all* events that were being
-        # persisted.
-        txn.executemany(
-            "DELETE FROM event_push_actions_staging WHERE event_id = ?",
-            ((event.event_id,) for event, _ in all_events_and_contexts),
-        )
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_push_actions_for_user(
-        self, user_id, before=None, limit=50, only_highlight=False
-    ):
-        def f(txn):
-            before_clause = ""
-            if before:
-                before_clause = "AND epa.stream_ordering < ?"
-                args = [user_id, before, limit]
-            else:
-                args = [user_id, limit]
-
-            if only_highlight:
-                if len(before_clause) > 0:
-                    before_clause += " "
-                before_clause += "AND epa.highlight = 1"
-
-            # NB. This assumes event_ids are globally unique since
-            # it makes the query easier to index
-            sql = (
-                "SELECT epa.event_id, epa.room_id,"
-                " epa.stream_ordering, epa.topological_ordering,"
-                " epa.actions, epa.highlight, epa.profile_tag, e.received_ts"
-                " FROM event_push_actions epa, events e"
-                " WHERE epa.event_id = e.event_id"
-                " AND epa.user_id = ? %s"
-                " ORDER BY epa.stream_ordering DESC"
-                " LIMIT ?" % (before_clause,)
-            )
-            txn.execute(sql, args)
-            return self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
-
-        push_actions = yield self.runInteraction("get_push_actions_for_user", f)
-        for pa in push_actions:
-            pa["actions"] = _deserialize_action(pa["actions"], pa["highlight"])
-        return push_actions
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_time_of_last_push_action_before(self, stream_ordering):
-        def f(txn):
-            sql = (
-                "SELECT e.received_ts"
-                " FROM event_push_actions AS ep"
-                " JOIN events e ON ep.room_id = e.room_id AND ep.event_id = e.event_id"
-                " WHERE ep.stream_ordering > ?"
-                " ORDER BY ep.stream_ordering ASC"
-                " LIMIT 1"
-            )
-            txn.execute(sql, (stream_ordering,))
-            return txn.fetchone()
-
-        result = yield self.runInteraction("get_time_of_last_push_action_before", f)
-        return result[0] if result else None
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_latest_push_action_stream_ordering(self):
-        def f(txn):
-            txn.execute("SELECT MAX(stream_ordering) FROM event_push_actions")
-            return txn.fetchone()
-
-        result = yield self.runInteraction("get_latest_push_action_stream_ordering", f)
-        return result[0] or 0
-
-    def _remove_push_actions_for_event_id_txn(self, txn, room_id, event_id):
-        # Sad that we have to blow away the cache for the whole room here
-        txn.call_after(
-            self.get_unread_event_push_actions_by_room_for_user.invalidate_many,
-            (room_id,),
-        )
-        txn.execute(
-            "DELETE FROM event_push_actions WHERE room_id = ? AND event_id = ?",
-            (room_id, event_id),
-        )
-
-    def _remove_old_push_actions_before_txn(
-        self, txn, room_id, user_id, stream_ordering
-    ):
-        """
-        Purges old push actions for a user and room before a given
-        stream_ordering.
-
-        We however keep a months worth of highlighted notifications, so that
-        users can still get a list of recent highlights.
-
-        Args:
-            txn: The transcation
-            room_id: Room ID to delete from
-            user_id: user ID to delete for
-            stream_ordering: The lowest stream ordering which will
-                                  not be deleted.
-        """
-        txn.call_after(
-            self.get_unread_event_push_actions_by_room_for_user.invalidate_many,
-            (room_id, user_id),
-        )
-
-        # We need to join on the events table to get the received_ts for
-        # event_push_actions and sqlite won't let us use a join in a delete so
-        # we can't just delete where received_ts < x. Furthermore we can
-        # only identify event_push_actions by a tuple of room_id, event_id
-        # we we can't use a subquery.
-        # Instead, we look up the stream ordering for the last event in that
-        # room received before the threshold time and delete event_push_actions
-        # in the room with a stream_odering before that.
-        txn.execute(
-            "DELETE FROM event_push_actions "
-            " WHERE user_id = ? AND room_id = ? AND "
-            " stream_ordering <= ?"
-            " AND ((stream_ordering < ? AND highlight = 1) or highlight = 0)",
-            (user_id, room_id, stream_ordering, self.stream_ordering_month_ago),
-        )
-
-        txn.execute(
-            """
-            DELETE FROM event_push_summary
-            WHERE room_id = ? AND user_id = ? AND stream_ordering <= ?
-        """,
-            (room_id, user_id, stream_ordering),
-        )
-
-    def _start_rotate_notifs(self):
-        return run_as_background_process("rotate_notifs", self._rotate_notifs)
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _rotate_notifs(self):
-        if self._doing_notif_rotation or self.stream_ordering_day_ago is None:
-            return
-        self._doing_notif_rotation = True
-
-        try:
-            while True:
-                logger.info("Rotating notifications")
-
-                caught_up = yield self.runInteraction(
-                    "_rotate_notifs", self._rotate_notifs_txn
-                )
-                if caught_up:
-                    break
-                yield self.hs.get_clock().sleep(self._rotate_delay)
-        finally:
-            self._doing_notif_rotation = False
-
-    def _rotate_notifs_txn(self, txn):
-        """Archives older notifications into event_push_summary. Returns whether
-        the archiving process has caught up or not.
-        """
-
-        old_rotate_stream_ordering = self._simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
-            txn,
-            table="event_push_summary_stream_ordering",
-            keyvalues={},
-            retcol="stream_ordering",
-        )
-
-        # We don't to try and rotate millions of rows at once, so we cap the
-        # maximum stream ordering we'll rotate before.
-        txn.execute(
-            """
-            SELECT stream_ordering FROM event_push_actions
-            WHERE stream_ordering > ?
-            ORDER BY stream_ordering ASC LIMIT 1 OFFSET ?
-        """,
-            (old_rotate_stream_ordering, self._rotate_count),
-        )
-        stream_row = txn.fetchone()
-        if stream_row:
-            offset_stream_ordering, = stream_row
-            rotate_to_stream_ordering = min(
-                self.stream_ordering_day_ago, offset_stream_ordering
-            )
-            caught_up = offset_stream_ordering >= self.stream_ordering_day_ago
-        else:
-            rotate_to_stream_ordering = self.stream_ordering_day_ago
-            caught_up = True
-
-        logger.info("Rotating notifications up to: %s", rotate_to_stream_ordering)
-
-        self._rotate_notifs_before_txn(txn, rotate_to_stream_ordering)
-
-        # We have caught up iff we were limited by `stream_ordering_day_ago`
-        return caught_up
-
-    def _rotate_notifs_before_txn(self, txn, rotate_to_stream_ordering):
-        old_rotate_stream_ordering = self._simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
-            txn,
-            table="event_push_summary_stream_ordering",
-            keyvalues={},
-            retcol="stream_ordering",
-        )
-
-        # Calculate the new counts that should be upserted into event_push_summary
-        sql = """
-            SELECT user_id, room_id,
-                coalesce(old.notif_count, 0) + upd.notif_count,
-                upd.stream_ordering,
-                old.user_id
-            FROM (
-                SELECT user_id, room_id, count(*) as notif_count,
-                    max(stream_ordering) as stream_ordering
-                FROM event_push_actions
-                WHERE ? <= stream_ordering AND stream_ordering < ?
-                    AND highlight = 0
-                GROUP BY user_id, room_id
-            ) AS upd
-            LEFT JOIN event_push_summary AS old USING (user_id, room_id)
-        """
-
-        txn.execute(sql, (old_rotate_stream_ordering, rotate_to_stream_ordering))
-        rows = txn.fetchall()
-
-        logger.info("Rotating notifications, handling %d rows", len(rows))
-
-        # If the `old.user_id` above is NULL then we know there isn't already an
-        # entry in the table, so we simply insert it. Otherwise we update the
-        # existing table.
-        self._simple_insert_many_txn(
-            txn,
-            table="event_push_summary",
-            values=[
-                {
-                    "user_id": row[0],
-                    "room_id": row[1],
-                    "notif_count": row[2],
-                    "stream_ordering": row[3],
-                }
-                for row in rows
-                if row[4] is None
-            ],
-        )
-
-        txn.executemany(
-            """
-                UPDATE event_push_summary SET notif_count = ?, stream_ordering = ?
-                WHERE user_id = ? AND room_id = ?
-            """,
-            ((row[2], row[3], row[0], row[1]) for row in rows if row[4] is not None),
-        )
-
-        txn.execute(
-            "DELETE FROM event_push_actions"
-            " WHERE ? <= stream_ordering AND stream_ordering < ? AND highlight = 0",
-            (old_rotate_stream_ordering, rotate_to_stream_ordering),
-        )
-
-        logger.info("Rotating notifications, deleted %s push actions", txn.rowcount)
-
-        txn.execute(
-            "UPDATE event_push_summary_stream_ordering SET stream_ordering = ?",
-            (rotate_to_stream_ordering,),
-        )
-
-
-def _action_has_highlight(actions):
-    for action in actions:
-        try:
-            if action.get("set_tweak", None) == "highlight":
-                return action.get("value", True)
-        except AttributeError:
-            pass
-
-    return False
diff --git a/synapse/storage/events.py b/synapse/storage/events.py
deleted file mode 100644
index ee49ef235d..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/events.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2489 +0,0 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-# Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
-# Copyright 2018-2019 New Vector Ltd
-# Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-
-import itertools
-import logging
-from collections import Counter as c_counter, OrderedDict, deque, namedtuple
-from functools import wraps
-
-from six import iteritems, text_type
-from six.moves import range
-
-from canonicaljson import json
-from prometheus_client import Counter, Histogram
-
-from twisted.internet import defer
-
-import synapse.metrics
-from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes
-from synapse.api.errors import SynapseError
-from synapse.events import EventBase  # noqa: F401
-from synapse.events.snapshot import EventContext  # noqa: F401
-from synapse.events.utils import prune_event_dict
-from synapse.logging.context import PreserveLoggingContext, make_deferred_yieldable
-from synapse.logging.utils import log_function
-from synapse.metrics import BucketCollector
-from synapse.metrics.background_process_metrics import run_as_background_process
-from synapse.state import StateResolutionStore
-from synapse.storage._base import make_in_list_sql_clause
-from synapse.storage.background_updates import BackgroundUpdateStore
-from synapse.storage.event_federation import EventFederationStore
-from synapse.storage.events_worker import EventsWorkerStore
-from synapse.storage.state import StateGroupWorkerStore
-from synapse.types import RoomStreamToken, get_domain_from_id
-from synapse.util import batch_iter
-from synapse.util.async_helpers import ObservableDeferred
-from synapse.util.caches.descriptors import cached, cachedInlineCallbacks
-from synapse.util.frozenutils import frozendict_json_encoder
-from synapse.util.metrics import Measure
-
-logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-
-persist_event_counter = Counter("synapse_storage_events_persisted_events", "")
-event_counter = Counter(
-    "synapse_storage_events_persisted_events_sep",
-    "",
-    ["type", "origin_type", "origin_entity"],
-)
-
-# The number of times we are recalculating the current state
-state_delta_counter = Counter("synapse_storage_events_state_delta", "")
-
-# The number of times we are recalculating state when there is only a
-# single forward extremity
-state_delta_single_event_counter = Counter(
-    "synapse_storage_events_state_delta_single_event", ""
-)
-
-# The number of times we are reculating state when we could have resonably
-# calculated the delta when we calculated the state for an event we were
-# persisting.
-state_delta_reuse_delta_counter = Counter(
-    "synapse_storage_events_state_delta_reuse_delta", ""
-)
-
-# The number of forward extremities for each new event.
-forward_extremities_counter = Histogram(
-    "synapse_storage_events_forward_extremities_persisted",
-    "Number of forward extremities for each new event",
-    buckets=(1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, 20, 50, 100, 200, 500, "+Inf"),
-)
-
-# The number of stale forward extremities for each new event. Stale extremities
-# are those that were in the previous set of extremities as well as the new.
-stale_forward_extremities_counter = Histogram(
-    "synapse_storage_events_stale_forward_extremities_persisted",
-    "Number of unchanged forward extremities for each new event",
-    buckets=(0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, 20, 50, 100, 200, 500, "+Inf"),
-)
-
-
-def encode_json(json_object):
-    """
-    Encode a Python object as JSON and return it in a Unicode string.
-    """
-    out = frozendict_json_encoder.encode(json_object)
-    if isinstance(out, bytes):
-        out = out.decode("utf8")
-    return out
-
-
-class _EventPeristenceQueue(object):
-    """Queues up events so that they can be persisted in bulk with only one
-    concurrent transaction per room.
-    """
-
-    _EventPersistQueueItem = namedtuple(
-        "_EventPersistQueueItem", ("events_and_contexts", "backfilled", "deferred")
-    )
-
-    def __init__(self):
-        self._event_persist_queues = {}
-        self._currently_persisting_rooms = set()
-
-    def add_to_queue(self, room_id, events_and_contexts, backfilled):
-        """Add events to the queue, with the given persist_event options.
-
-        NB: due to the normal usage pattern of this method, it does *not*
-        follow the synapse logcontext rules, and leaves the logcontext in
-        place whether or not the returned deferred is ready.
-
-        Args:
-            room_id (str):
-            events_and_contexts (list[(EventBase, EventContext)]):
-            backfilled (bool):
-
-        Returns:
-            defer.Deferred: a deferred which will resolve once the events are
-                persisted. Runs its callbacks *without* a logcontext.
-        """
-        queue = self._event_persist_queues.setdefault(room_id, deque())
-        if queue:
-            # if the last item in the queue has the same `backfilled` setting,
-            # we can just add these new events to that item.
-            end_item = queue[-1]
-            if end_item.backfilled == backfilled:
-                end_item.events_and_contexts.extend(events_and_contexts)
-                return end_item.deferred.observe()
-
-        deferred = ObservableDeferred(defer.Deferred(), consumeErrors=True)
-
-        queue.append(
-            self._EventPersistQueueItem(
-                events_and_contexts=events_and_contexts,
-                backfilled=backfilled,
-                deferred=deferred,
-            )
-        )
-
-        return deferred.observe()
-
-    def handle_queue(self, room_id, per_item_callback):
-        """Attempts to handle the queue for a room if not already being handled.
-
-        The given callback will be invoked with for each item in the queue,
-        of type _EventPersistQueueItem. The per_item_callback will continuously
-        be called with new items, unless the queue becomnes empty. The return
-        value of the function will be given to the deferreds waiting on the item,
-        exceptions will be passed to the deferreds as well.
-
-        This function should therefore be called whenever anything is added
-        to the queue.
-
-        If another callback is currently handling the queue then it will not be
-        invoked.
-        """
-
-        if room_id in self._currently_persisting_rooms:
-            return
-
-        self._currently_persisting_rooms.add(room_id)
-
-        @defer.inlineCallbacks
-        def handle_queue_loop():
-            try:
-                queue = self._get_drainining_queue(room_id)
-                for item in queue:
-                    try:
-                        ret = yield per_item_callback(item)
-                    except Exception:
-                        with PreserveLoggingContext():
-                            item.deferred.errback()
-                    else:
-                        with PreserveLoggingContext():
-                            item.deferred.callback(ret)
-            finally:
-                queue = self._event_persist_queues.pop(room_id, None)
-                if queue:
-                    self._event_persist_queues[room_id] = queue
-                self._currently_persisting_rooms.discard(room_id)
-
-        # set handle_queue_loop off in the background
-        run_as_background_process("persist_events", handle_queue_loop)
-
-    def _get_drainining_queue(self, room_id):
-        queue = self._event_persist_queues.setdefault(room_id, deque())
-
-        try:
-            while True:
-                yield queue.popleft()
-        except IndexError:
-            # Queue has been drained.
-            pass
-
-
-_EventCacheEntry = namedtuple("_EventCacheEntry", ("event", "redacted_event"))
-
-
-def _retry_on_integrity_error(func):
-    """Wraps a database function so that it gets retried on IntegrityError,
-    with `delete_existing=True` passed in.
-
-    Args:
-        func: function that returns a Deferred and accepts a `delete_existing` arg
-    """
-
-    @wraps(func)
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def f(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        try:
-            res = yield func(self, *args, **kwargs)
-        except self.database_engine.module.IntegrityError:
-            logger.exception("IntegrityError, retrying.")
-            res = yield func(self, *args, delete_existing=True, **kwargs)
-        return res
-
-    return f
-
-
-# inherits from EventFederationStore so that we can call _update_backward_extremities
-# and _handle_mult_prev_events (though arguably those could both be moved in here)
-class EventsStore(
-    StateGroupWorkerStore,
-    EventFederationStore,
-    EventsWorkerStore,
-    BackgroundUpdateStore,
-):
-    def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
-        super(EventsStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
-
-        self._event_persist_queue = _EventPeristenceQueue()
-        self._state_resolution_handler = hs.get_state_resolution_handler()
-
-        # Collect metrics on the number of forward extremities that exist.
-        # Counter of number of extremities to count
-        self._current_forward_extremities_amount = c_counter()
-
-        BucketCollector(
-            "synapse_forward_extremities",
-            lambda: self._current_forward_extremities_amount,
-            buckets=[1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, 20, 50, 100, 200, 500, "+Inf"],
-        )
-
-        # Read the extrems every 60 minutes
-        def read_forward_extremities():
-            # run as a background process to make sure that the database transactions
-            # have a logcontext to report to
-            return run_as_background_process(
-                "read_forward_extremities", self._read_forward_extremities
-            )
-
-        hs.get_clock().looping_call(read_forward_extremities, 60 * 60 * 1000)
-
-        def _censor_redactions():
-            return run_as_background_process(
-                "_censor_redactions", self._censor_redactions
-            )
-
-        if self.hs.config.redaction_retention_period is not None:
-            hs.get_clock().looping_call(_censor_redactions, 5 * 60 * 1000)
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _read_forward_extremities(self):
-        def fetch(txn):
-            txn.execute(
-                """
-                select count(*) c from event_forward_extremities
-                group by room_id
-                """
-            )
-            return txn.fetchall()
-
-        res = yield self.runInteraction("read_forward_extremities", fetch)
-        self._current_forward_extremities_amount = c_counter(list(x[0] for x in res))
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def persist_events(self, events_and_contexts, backfilled=False):
-        """
-        Write events to the database
-        Args:
-            events_and_contexts: list of tuples of (event, context)
-            backfilled (bool): Whether the results are retrieved from federation
-                via backfill or not. Used to determine if they're "new" events
-                which might update the current state etc.
-
-        Returns:
-            Deferred[int]: the stream ordering of the latest persisted event
-        """
-        partitioned = {}
-        for event, ctx in events_and_contexts:
-            partitioned.setdefault(event.room_id, []).append((event, ctx))
-
-        deferreds = []
-        for room_id, evs_ctxs in iteritems(partitioned):
-            d = self._event_persist_queue.add_to_queue(
-                room_id, evs_ctxs, backfilled=backfilled
-            )
-            deferreds.append(d)
-
-        for room_id in partitioned:
-            self._maybe_start_persisting(room_id)
-
-        yield make_deferred_yieldable(
-            defer.gatherResults(deferreds, consumeErrors=True)
-        )
-
-        max_persisted_id = yield self._stream_id_gen.get_current_token()
-
-        return max_persisted_id
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    @log_function
-    def persist_event(self, event, context, backfilled=False):
-        """
-
-        Args:
-            event (EventBase):
-            context (EventContext):
-            backfilled (bool):
-
-        Returns:
-            Deferred: resolves to (int, int): the stream ordering of ``event``,
-            and the stream ordering of the latest persisted event
-        """
-        deferred = self._event_persist_queue.add_to_queue(
-            event.room_id, [(event, context)], backfilled=backfilled
-        )
-
-        self._maybe_start_persisting(event.room_id)
-
-        yield make_deferred_yieldable(deferred)
-
-        max_persisted_id = yield self._stream_id_gen.get_current_token()
-        return (event.internal_metadata.stream_ordering, max_persisted_id)
-
-    def _maybe_start_persisting(self, room_id):
-        @defer.inlineCallbacks
-        def persisting_queue(item):
-            with Measure(self._clock, "persist_events"):
-                yield self._persist_events(
-                    item.events_and_contexts, backfilled=item.backfilled
-                )
-
-        self._event_persist_queue.handle_queue(room_id, persisting_queue)
-
-    @_retry_on_integrity_error
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _persist_events(
-        self, events_and_contexts, backfilled=False, delete_existing=False
-    ):
-        """Persist events to db
-
-        Args:
-            events_and_contexts (list[(EventBase, EventContext)]):
-            backfilled (bool):
-            delete_existing (bool):
-
-        Returns:
-            Deferred: resolves when the events have been persisted
-        """
-        if not events_and_contexts:
-            return
-
-        chunks = [
-            events_and_contexts[x : x + 100]
-            for x in range(0, len(events_and_contexts), 100)
-        ]
-
-        for chunk in chunks:
-            # We can't easily parallelize these since different chunks
-            # might contain the same event. :(
-
-            # NB: Assumes that we are only persisting events for one room
-            # at a time.
-
-            # map room_id->list[event_ids] giving the new forward
-            # extremities in each room
-            new_forward_extremeties = {}
-
-            # map room_id->(type,state_key)->event_id tracking the full
-            # state in each room after adding these events.
-            # This is simply used to prefill the get_current_state_ids
-            # cache
-            current_state_for_room = {}
-
-            # map room_id->(to_delete, to_insert) where to_delete is a list
-            # of type/state keys to remove from current state, and to_insert
-            # is a map (type,key)->event_id giving the state delta in each
-            # room
-            state_delta_for_room = {}
-
-            if not backfilled:
-                with Measure(self._clock, "_calculate_state_and_extrem"):
-                    # Work out the new "current state" for each room.
-                    # We do this by working out what the new extremities are and then
-                    # calculating the state from that.
-                    events_by_room = {}
-                    for event, context in chunk:
-                        events_by_room.setdefault(event.room_id, []).append(
-                            (event, context)
-                        )
-
-                    for room_id, ev_ctx_rm in iteritems(events_by_room):
-                        latest_event_ids = yield self.get_latest_event_ids_in_room(
-                            room_id
-                        )
-                        new_latest_event_ids = yield self._calculate_new_extremities(
-                            room_id, ev_ctx_rm, latest_event_ids
-                        )
-
-                        latest_event_ids = set(latest_event_ids)
-                        if new_latest_event_ids == latest_event_ids:
-                            # No change in extremities, so no change in state
-                            continue
-
-                        # there should always be at least one forward extremity.
-                        # (except during the initial persistence of the send_join
-                        # results, in which case there will be no existing
-                        # extremities, so we'll `continue` above and skip this bit.)
-                        assert new_latest_event_ids, "No forward extremities left!"
-
-                        new_forward_extremeties[room_id] = new_latest_event_ids
-
-                        len_1 = (
-                            len(latest_event_ids) == 1
-                            and len(new_latest_event_ids) == 1
-                        )
-                        if len_1:
-                            all_single_prev_not_state = all(
-                                len(event.prev_event_ids()) == 1
-                                and not event.is_state()
-                                for event, ctx in ev_ctx_rm
-                            )
-                            # Don't bother calculating state if they're just
-                            # a long chain of single ancestor non-state events.
-                            if all_single_prev_not_state:
-                                continue
-
-                        state_delta_counter.inc()
-                        if len(new_latest_event_ids) == 1:
-                            state_delta_single_event_counter.inc()
-
-                            # This is a fairly handwavey check to see if we could
-                            # have guessed what the delta would have been when
-                            # processing one of these events.
-                            # What we're interested in is if the latest extremities
-                            # were the same when we created the event as they are
-                            # now. When this server creates a new event (as opposed
-                            # to receiving it over federation) it will use the
-                            # forward extremities as the prev_events, so we can
-                            # guess this by looking at the prev_events and checking
-                            # if they match the current forward extremities.
-                            for ev, _ in ev_ctx_rm:
-                                prev_event_ids = set(ev.prev_event_ids())
-                                if latest_event_ids == prev_event_ids:
-                                    state_delta_reuse_delta_counter.inc()
-                                    break
-
-                        logger.info("Calculating state delta for room %s", room_id)
-                        with Measure(
-                            self._clock, "persist_events.get_new_state_after_events"
-                        ):
-                            res = yield self._get_new_state_after_events(
-                                room_id,
-                                ev_ctx_rm,
-                                latest_event_ids,
-                                new_latest_event_ids,
-                            )
-                            current_state, delta_ids = res
-
-                        # If either are not None then there has been a change,
-                        # and we need to work out the delta (or use that
-                        # given)
-                        if delta_ids is not None:
-                            # If there is a delta we know that we've
-                            # only added or replaced state, never
-                            # removed keys entirely.
-                            state_delta_for_room[room_id] = ([], delta_ids)
-                        elif current_state is not None:
-                            with Measure(
-                                self._clock, "persist_events.calculate_state_delta"
-                            ):
-                                delta = yield self._calculate_state_delta(
-                                    room_id, current_state
-                                )
-                            state_delta_for_room[room_id] = delta
-
-                        # If we have the current_state then lets prefill
-                        # the cache with it.
-                        if current_state is not None:
-                            current_state_for_room[room_id] = current_state
-
-            # We want to calculate the stream orderings as late as possible, as
-            # we only notify after all events with a lesser stream ordering have
-            # been persisted. I.e. if we spend 10s inside the with block then
-            # that will delay all subsequent events from being notified about.
-            # Hence why we do it down here rather than wrapping the entire
-            # function.
-            #
-            # Its safe to do this after calculating the state deltas etc as we
-            # only need to protect the *persistence* of the events. This is to
-            # ensure that queries of the form "fetch events since X" don't
-            # return events and stream positions after events that are still in
-            # flight, as otherwise subsequent requests "fetch event since Y"
-            # will not return those events.
-            #
-            # Note: Multiple instances of this function cannot be in flight at
-            # the same time for the same room.
-            if backfilled:
-                stream_ordering_manager = self._backfill_id_gen.get_next_mult(
-                    len(chunk)
-                )
-            else:
-                stream_ordering_manager = self._stream_id_gen.get_next_mult(len(chunk))
-
-            with stream_ordering_manager as stream_orderings:
-                for (event, context), stream in zip(chunk, stream_orderings):
-                    event.internal_metadata.stream_ordering = stream
-
-                yield self.runInteraction(
-                    "persist_events",
-                    self._persist_events_txn,
-                    events_and_contexts=chunk,
-                    backfilled=backfilled,
-                    delete_existing=delete_existing,
-                    state_delta_for_room=state_delta_for_room,
-                    new_forward_extremeties=new_forward_extremeties,
-                )
-                persist_event_counter.inc(len(chunk))
-
-                if not backfilled:
-                    # backfilled events have negative stream orderings, so we don't
-                    # want to set the event_persisted_position to that.
-                    synapse.metrics.event_persisted_position.set(
-                        chunk[-1][0].internal_metadata.stream_ordering
-                    )
-
-                for event, context in chunk:
-                    if context.app_service:
-                        origin_type = "local"
-                        origin_entity = context.app_service.id
-                    elif self.hs.is_mine_id(event.sender):
-                        origin_type = "local"
-                        origin_entity = "*client*"
-                    else:
-                        origin_type = "remote"
-                        origin_entity = get_domain_from_id(event.sender)
-
-                    event_counter.labels(event.type, origin_type, origin_entity).inc()
-
-                for room_id, new_state in iteritems(current_state_for_room):
-                    self.get_current_state_ids.prefill((room_id,), new_state)
-
-                for room_id, latest_event_ids in iteritems(new_forward_extremeties):
-                    self.get_latest_event_ids_in_room.prefill(
-                        (room_id,), list(latest_event_ids)
-                    )
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _calculate_new_extremities(self, room_id, event_contexts, latest_event_ids):
-        """Calculates the new forward extremities for a room given events to
-        persist.
-
-        Assumes that we are only persisting events for one room at a time.
-        """
-
-        # we're only interested in new events which aren't outliers and which aren't
-        # being rejected.
-        new_events = [
-            event
-            for event, ctx in event_contexts
-            if not event.internal_metadata.is_outlier()
-            and not ctx.rejected
-            and not event.internal_metadata.is_soft_failed()
-        ]
-
-        latest_event_ids = set(latest_event_ids)
-
-        # start with the existing forward extremities
-        result = set(latest_event_ids)
-
-        # add all the new events to the list
-        result.update(event.event_id for event in new_events)
-
-        # Now remove all events which are prev_events of any of the new events
-        result.difference_update(
-            e_id for event in new_events for e_id in event.prev_event_ids()
-        )
-
-        # Remove any events which are prev_events of any existing events.
-        existing_prevs = yield self._get_events_which_are_prevs(result)
-        result.difference_update(existing_prevs)
-
-        # Finally handle the case where the new events have soft-failed prev
-        # events. If they do we need to remove them and their prev events,
-        # otherwise we end up with dangling extremities.
-        existing_prevs = yield self._get_prevs_before_rejected(
-            e_id for event in new_events for e_id in event.prev_event_ids()
-        )
-        result.difference_update(existing_prevs)
-
-        # We only update metrics for events that change forward extremities
-        # (e.g. we ignore backfill/outliers/etc)
-        if result != latest_event_ids:
-            forward_extremities_counter.observe(len(result))
-            stale = latest_event_ids & result
-            stale_forward_extremities_counter.observe(len(stale))
-
-        return result
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _get_events_which_are_prevs(self, event_ids):
-        """Filter the supplied list of event_ids to get those which are prev_events of
-        existing (non-outlier/rejected) events.
-
-        Args:
-            event_ids (Iterable[str]): event ids to filter
-
-        Returns:
-            Deferred[List[str]]: filtered event ids
-        """
-        results = []
-
-        def _get_events_which_are_prevs_txn(txn, batch):
-            sql = """
-            SELECT prev_event_id, internal_metadata
-            FROM event_edges
-                INNER JOIN events USING (event_id)
-                LEFT JOIN rejections USING (event_id)
-                LEFT JOIN event_json USING (event_id)
-            WHERE
-                NOT events.outlier
-                AND rejections.event_id IS NULL
-                AND
-            """
-
-            clause, args = make_in_list_sql_clause(
-                self.database_engine, "prev_event_id", batch
-            )
-
-            txn.execute(sql + clause, args)
-            results.extend(r[0] for r in txn if not json.loads(r[1]).get("soft_failed"))
-
-        for chunk in batch_iter(event_ids, 100):
-            yield self.runInteraction(
-                "_get_events_which_are_prevs", _get_events_which_are_prevs_txn, chunk
-            )
-
-        return results
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _get_prevs_before_rejected(self, event_ids):
-        """Get soft-failed ancestors to remove from the extremities.
-
-        Given a set of events, find all those that have been soft-failed or
-        rejected. Returns those soft failed/rejected events and their prev
-        events (whether soft-failed/rejected or not), and recurses up the
-        prev-event graph until it finds no more soft-failed/rejected events.
-
-        This is used to find extremities that are ancestors of new events, but
-        are separated by soft failed events.
-
-        Args:
-            event_ids (Iterable[str]): Events to find prev events for. Note
-                that these must have already been persisted.
-
-        Returns:
-            Deferred[set[str]]
-        """
-
-        # The set of event_ids to return. This includes all soft-failed events
-        # and their prev events.
-        existing_prevs = set()
-
-        def _get_prevs_before_rejected_txn(txn, batch):
-            to_recursively_check = batch
-
-            while to_recursively_check:
-                sql = """
-                SELECT
-                    event_id, prev_event_id, internal_metadata,
-                    rejections.event_id IS NOT NULL
-                FROM event_edges
-                    INNER JOIN events USING (event_id)
-                    LEFT JOIN rejections USING (event_id)
-                    LEFT JOIN event_json USING (event_id)
-                WHERE
-                    NOT events.outlier
-                    AND
-                """
-
-                clause, args = make_in_list_sql_clause(
-                    self.database_engine, "event_id", to_recursively_check
-                )
-
-                txn.execute(sql + clause, args)
-                to_recursively_check = []
-
-                for event_id, prev_event_id, metadata, rejected in txn:
-                    if prev_event_id in existing_prevs:
-                        continue
-
-                    soft_failed = json.loads(metadata).get("soft_failed")
-                    if soft_failed or rejected:
-                        to_recursively_check.append(prev_event_id)
-                        existing_prevs.add(prev_event_id)
-
-        for chunk in batch_iter(event_ids, 100):
-            yield self.runInteraction(
-                "_get_prevs_before_rejected", _get_prevs_before_rejected_txn, chunk
-            )
-
-        return existing_prevs
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _get_new_state_after_events(
-        self, room_id, events_context, old_latest_event_ids, new_latest_event_ids
-    ):
-        """Calculate the current state dict after adding some new events to
-        a room
-
-        Args:
-            room_id (str):
-                room to which the events are being added. Used for logging etc
-
-            events_context (list[(EventBase, EventContext)]):
-                events and contexts which are being added to the room
-
-            old_latest_event_ids (iterable[str]):
-                the old forward extremities for the room.
-
-            new_latest_event_ids (iterable[str]):
-                the new forward extremities for the room.
-
-        Returns:
-            Deferred[tuple[dict[(str,str), str]|None, dict[(str,str), str]|None]]:
-            Returns a tuple of two state maps, the first being the full new current
-            state and the second being the delta to the existing current state.
-            If both are None then there has been no change.
-
-            If there has been a change then we only return the delta if its
-            already been calculated. Conversely if we do know the delta then
-            the new current state is only returned if we've already calculated
-            it.
-        """
-        # map from state_group to ((type, key) -> event_id) state map
-        state_groups_map = {}
-
-        # Map from (prev state group, new state group) -> delta state dict
-        state_group_deltas = {}
-
-        for ev, ctx in events_context:
-            if ctx.state_group is None:
-                # This should only happen for outlier events.
-                if not ev.internal_metadata.is_outlier():
-                    raise Exception(
-                        "Context for new event %s has no state "
-                        "group" % (ev.event_id,)
-                    )
-                continue
-
-            if ctx.state_group in state_groups_map:
-                continue
-
-            # We're only interested in pulling out state that has already
-            # been cached in the context. We'll pull stuff out of the DB later
-            # if necessary.
-            current_state_ids = ctx.get_cached_current_state_ids()
-            if current_state_ids is not None:
-                state_groups_map[ctx.state_group] = current_state_ids
-
-            if ctx.prev_group:
-                state_group_deltas[(ctx.prev_group, ctx.state_group)] = ctx.delta_ids
-
-        # We need to map the event_ids to their state groups. First, let's
-        # check if the event is one we're persisting, in which case we can
-        # pull the state group from its context.
-        # Otherwise we need to pull the state group from the database.
-
-        # Set of events we need to fetch groups for. (We know none of the old
-        # extremities are going to be in events_context).
-        missing_event_ids = set(old_latest_event_ids)
-
-        event_id_to_state_group = {}
-        for event_id in new_latest_event_ids:
-            # First search in the list of new events we're adding.
-            for ev, ctx in events_context:
-                if event_id == ev.event_id and ctx.state_group is not None:
-                    event_id_to_state_group[event_id] = ctx.state_group
-                    break
-            else:
-                # If we couldn't find it, then we'll need to pull
-                # the state from the database
-                missing_event_ids.add(event_id)
-
-        if missing_event_ids:
-            # Now pull out the state groups for any missing events from DB
-            event_to_groups = yield self._get_state_group_for_events(missing_event_ids)
-            event_id_to_state_group.update(event_to_groups)
-
-        # State groups of old_latest_event_ids
-        old_state_groups = set(
-            event_id_to_state_group[evid] for evid in old_latest_event_ids
-        )
-
-        # State groups of new_latest_event_ids
-        new_state_groups = set(
-            event_id_to_state_group[evid] for evid in new_latest_event_ids
-        )
-
-        # If they old and new groups are the same then we don't need to do
-        # anything.
-        if old_state_groups == new_state_groups:
-            return None, None
-
-        if len(new_state_groups) == 1 and len(old_state_groups) == 1:
-            # If we're going from one state group to another, lets check if
-            # we have a delta for that transition. If we do then we can just
-            # return that.
-
-            new_state_group = next(iter(new_state_groups))
-            old_state_group = next(iter(old_state_groups))
-
-            delta_ids = state_group_deltas.get((old_state_group, new_state_group), None)
-            if delta_ids is not None:
-                # We have a delta from the existing to new current state,
-                # so lets just return that. If we happen to already have
-                # the current state in memory then lets also return that,
-                # but it doesn't matter if we don't.
-                new_state = state_groups_map.get(new_state_group)
-                return new_state, delta_ids
-
-        # Now that we have calculated new_state_groups we need to get
-        # their state IDs so we can resolve to a single state set.
-        missing_state = new_state_groups - set(state_groups_map)
-        if missing_state:
-            group_to_state = yield self._get_state_for_groups(missing_state)
-            state_groups_map.update(group_to_state)
-
-        if len(new_state_groups) == 1:
-            # If there is only one state group, then we know what the current
-            # state is.
-            return state_groups_map[new_state_groups.pop()], None
-
-        # Ok, we need to defer to the state handler to resolve our state sets.
-
-        state_groups = {sg: state_groups_map[sg] for sg in new_state_groups}
-
-        events_map = {ev.event_id: ev for ev, _ in events_context}
-
-        # We need to get the room version, which is in the create event.
-        # Normally that'd be in the database, but its also possible that we're
-        # currently trying to persist it.
-        room_version = None
-        for ev, _ in events_context:
-            if ev.type == EventTypes.Create and ev.state_key == "":
-                room_version = ev.content.get("room_version", "1")
-                break
-
-        if not room_version:
-            room_version = yield self.get_room_version(room_id)
-
-        logger.debug("calling resolve_state_groups from preserve_events")
-        res = yield self._state_resolution_handler.resolve_state_groups(
-            room_id,
-            room_version,
-            state_groups,
-            events_map,
-            state_res_store=StateResolutionStore(self),
-        )
-
-        return res.state, None
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _calculate_state_delta(self, room_id, current_state):
-        """Calculate the new state deltas for a room.
-
-        Assumes that we are only persisting events for one room at a time.
-
-        Returns:
-            tuple[list, dict] (to_delete, to_insert): where to_delete are the
-            type/state_keys to remove from current_state_events and `to_insert`
-            are the updates to current_state_events.
-        """
-        existing_state = yield self.get_current_state_ids(room_id)
-
-        to_delete = [key for key in existing_state if key not in current_state]
-
-        to_insert = {
-            key: ev_id
-            for key, ev_id in iteritems(current_state)
-            if ev_id != existing_state.get(key)
-        }
-
-        return to_delete, to_insert
-
-    @log_function
-    def _persist_events_txn(
-        self,
-        txn,
-        events_and_contexts,
-        backfilled,
-        delete_existing=False,
-        state_delta_for_room={},
-        new_forward_extremeties={},
-    ):
-        """Insert some number of room events into the necessary database tables.
-
-        Rejected events are only inserted into the events table, the events_json table,
-        and the rejections table. Things reading from those table will need to check
-        whether the event was rejected.
-
-        Args:
-            txn (twisted.enterprise.adbapi.Connection): db connection
-            events_and_contexts (list[(EventBase, EventContext)]):
-                events to persist
-            backfilled (bool): True if the events were backfilled
-            delete_existing (bool): True to purge existing table rows for the
-                events from the database. This is useful when retrying due to
-                IntegrityError.
-            state_delta_for_room (dict[str, (list, dict)]):
-                The current-state delta for each room. For each room, a tuple
-                (to_delete, to_insert), being a list of type/state keys to be
-                removed from the current state, and a state set to be added to
-                the current state.
-            new_forward_extremeties (dict[str, list[str]]):
-                The new forward extremities for each room. For each room, a
-                list of the event ids which are the forward extremities.
-
-        """
-        all_events_and_contexts = events_and_contexts
-
-        min_stream_order = events_and_contexts[0][0].internal_metadata.stream_ordering
-        max_stream_order = events_and_contexts[-1][0].internal_metadata.stream_ordering
-
-        self._update_forward_extremities_txn(
-            txn,
-            new_forward_extremities=new_forward_extremeties,
-            max_stream_order=max_stream_order,
-        )
-
-        # Ensure that we don't have the same event twice.
-        events_and_contexts = self._filter_events_and_contexts_for_duplicates(
-            events_and_contexts
-        )
-
-        self._update_room_depths_txn(
-            txn, events_and_contexts=events_and_contexts, backfilled=backfilled
-        )
-
-        # _update_outliers_txn filters out any events which have already been
-        # persisted, and returns the filtered list.
-        events_and_contexts = self._update_outliers_txn(
-            txn, events_and_contexts=events_and_contexts
-        )
-
-        # From this point onwards the events are only events that we haven't
-        # seen before.
-
-        if delete_existing:
-            # For paranoia reasons, we go and delete all the existing entries
-            # for these events so we can reinsert them.
-            # This gets around any problems with some tables already having
-            # entries.
-            self._delete_existing_rows_txn(txn, events_and_contexts=events_and_contexts)
-
-        self._store_event_txn(txn, events_and_contexts=events_and_contexts)
-
-        # Insert into event_to_state_groups.
-        self._store_event_state_mappings_txn(txn, events_and_contexts)
-
-        # We want to store event_auth mappings for rejected events, as they're
-        # used in state res v2.
-        # This is only necessary if the rejected event appears in an accepted
-        # event's auth chain, but its easier for now just to store them (and
-        # it doesn't take much storage compared to storing the entire event
-        # anyway).
-        self._simple_insert_many_txn(
-            txn,
-            table="event_auth",
-            values=[
-                {
-                    "event_id": event.event_id,
-                    "room_id": event.room_id,
-                    "auth_id": auth_id,
-                }
-                for event, _ in events_and_contexts
-                for auth_id in event.auth_event_ids()
-                if event.is_state()
-            ],
-        )
-
-        # _store_rejected_events_txn filters out any events which were
-        # rejected, and returns the filtered list.
-        events_and_contexts = self._store_rejected_events_txn(
-            txn, events_and_contexts=events_and_contexts
-        )
-
-        # From this point onwards the events are only ones that weren't
-        # rejected.
-
-        self._update_metadata_tables_txn(
-            txn,
-            events_and_contexts=events_and_contexts,
-            all_events_and_contexts=all_events_and_contexts,
-            backfilled=backfilled,
-        )
-
-        # We call this last as it assumes we've inserted the events into
-        # room_memberships, where applicable.
-        self._update_current_state_txn(txn, state_delta_for_room, min_stream_order)
-
-    def _update_current_state_txn(self, txn, state_delta_by_room, stream_id):
-        for room_id, current_state_tuple in iteritems(state_delta_by_room):
-            to_delete, to_insert = current_state_tuple
-
-            # First we add entries to the current_state_delta_stream. We
-            # do this before updating the current_state_events table so
-            # that we can use it to calculate the `prev_event_id`. (This
-            # allows us to not have to pull out the existing state
-            # unnecessarily).
-            #
-            # The stream_id for the update is chosen to be the minimum of the stream_ids
-            # for the batch of the events that we are persisting; that means we do not
-            # end up in a situation where workers see events before the
-            # current_state_delta updates.
-            #
-            sql = """
-                INSERT INTO current_state_delta_stream
-                (stream_id, room_id, type, state_key, event_id, prev_event_id)
-                SELECT ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, (
-                    SELECT event_id FROM current_state_events
-                    WHERE room_id = ? AND type = ? AND state_key = ?
-                )
-            """
-            txn.executemany(
-                sql,
-                (
-                    (
-                        stream_id,
-                        room_id,
-                        etype,
-                        state_key,
-                        None,
-                        room_id,
-                        etype,
-                        state_key,
-                    )
-                    for etype, state_key in to_delete
-                    # We sanity check that we're deleting rather than updating
-                    if (etype, state_key) not in to_insert
-                ),
-            )
-            txn.executemany(
-                sql,
-                (
-                    (
-                        stream_id,
-                        room_id,
-                        etype,
-                        state_key,
-                        ev_id,
-                        room_id,
-                        etype,
-                        state_key,
-                    )
-                    for (etype, state_key), ev_id in iteritems(to_insert)
-                ),
-            )
-
-            # Now we actually update the current_state_events table
-
-            txn.executemany(
-                "DELETE FROM current_state_events"
-                " WHERE room_id = ? AND type = ? AND state_key = ?",
-                (
-                    (room_id, etype, state_key)
-                    for etype, state_key in itertools.chain(to_delete, to_insert)
-                ),
-            )
-
-            # We include the membership in the current state table, hence we do
-            # a lookup when we insert. This assumes that all events have already
-            # been inserted into room_memberships.
-            txn.executemany(
-                """INSERT INTO current_state_events
-                    (room_id, type, state_key, event_id, membership)
-                VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, (SELECT membership FROM room_memberships WHERE event_id = ?))
-                """,
-                [
-                    (room_id, key[0], key[1], ev_id, ev_id)
-                    for key, ev_id in iteritems(to_insert)
-                ],
-            )
-
-            txn.call_after(
-                self._curr_state_delta_stream_cache.entity_has_changed,
-                room_id,
-                stream_id,
-            )
-
-            # Invalidate the various caches
-
-            # Figure out the changes of membership to invalidate the
-            # `get_rooms_for_user` cache.
-            # We find out which membership events we may have deleted
-            # and which we have added, then we invlidate the caches for all
-            # those users.
-            members_changed = set(
-                state_key
-                for ev_type, state_key in itertools.chain(to_delete, to_insert)
-                if ev_type == EventTypes.Member
-            )
-
-            for member in members_changed:
-                txn.call_after(
-                    self.get_rooms_for_user_with_stream_ordering.invalidate, (member,)
-                )
-
-            self._invalidate_state_caches_and_stream(txn, room_id, members_changed)
-
-    def _update_forward_extremities_txn(
-        self, txn, new_forward_extremities, max_stream_order
-    ):
-        for room_id, new_extrem in iteritems(new_forward_extremities):
-            self._simple_delete_txn(
-                txn, table="event_forward_extremities", keyvalues={"room_id": room_id}
-            )
-            txn.call_after(self.get_latest_event_ids_in_room.invalidate, (room_id,))
-
-        self._simple_insert_many_txn(
-            txn,
-            table="event_forward_extremities",
-            values=[
-                {"event_id": ev_id, "room_id": room_id}
-                for room_id, new_extrem in iteritems(new_forward_extremities)
-                for ev_id in new_extrem
-            ],
-        )
-        # We now insert into stream_ordering_to_exterm a mapping from room_id,
-        # new stream_ordering to new forward extremeties in the room.
-        # This allows us to later efficiently look up the forward extremeties
-        # for a room before a given stream_ordering
-        self._simple_insert_many_txn(
-            txn,
-            table="stream_ordering_to_exterm",
-            values=[
-                {
-                    "room_id": room_id,
-                    "event_id": event_id,
-                    "stream_ordering": max_stream_order,
-                }
-                for room_id, new_extrem in iteritems(new_forward_extremities)
-                for event_id in new_extrem
-            ],
-        )
-
-    @classmethod
-    def _filter_events_and_contexts_for_duplicates(cls, events_and_contexts):
-        """Ensure that we don't have the same event twice.
-
-        Pick the earliest non-outlier if there is one, else the earliest one.
-
-        Args:
-            events_and_contexts (list[(EventBase, EventContext)]):
-        Returns:
-            list[(EventBase, EventContext)]: filtered list
-        """
-        new_events_and_contexts = OrderedDict()
-        for event, context in events_and_contexts:
-            prev_event_context = new_events_and_contexts.get(event.event_id)
-            if prev_event_context:
-                if not event.internal_metadata.is_outlier():
-                    if prev_event_context[0].internal_metadata.is_outlier():
-                        # To ensure correct ordering we pop, as OrderedDict is
-                        # ordered by first insertion.
-                        new_events_and_contexts.pop(event.event_id, None)
-                        new_events_and_contexts[event.event_id] = (event, context)
-            else:
-                new_events_and_contexts[event.event_id] = (event, context)
-        return list(new_events_and_contexts.values())
-
-    def _update_room_depths_txn(self, txn, events_and_contexts, backfilled):
-        """Update min_depth for each room
-
-        Args:
-            txn (twisted.enterprise.adbapi.Connection): db connection
-            events_and_contexts (list[(EventBase, EventContext)]): events
-                we are persisting
-            backfilled (bool): True if the events were backfilled
-        """
-        depth_updates = {}
-        for event, context in events_and_contexts:
-            # Remove the any existing cache entries for the event_ids
-            txn.call_after(self._invalidate_get_event_cache, event.event_id)
-            if not backfilled:
-                txn.call_after(
-                    self._events_stream_cache.entity_has_changed,
-                    event.room_id,
-                    event.internal_metadata.stream_ordering,
-                )
-
-            if not event.internal_metadata.is_outlier() and not context.rejected:
-                depth_updates[event.room_id] = max(
-                    event.depth, depth_updates.get(event.room_id, event.depth)
-                )
-
-        for room_id, depth in iteritems(depth_updates):
-            self._update_min_depth_for_room_txn(txn, room_id, depth)
-
-    def _update_outliers_txn(self, txn, events_and_contexts):
-        """Update any outliers with new event info.
-
-        This turns outliers into ex-outliers (unless the new event was
-        rejected).
-
-        Args:
-            txn (twisted.enterprise.adbapi.Connection): db connection
-            events_and_contexts (list[(EventBase, EventContext)]): events
-                we are persisting
-
-        Returns:
-            list[(EventBase, EventContext)] new list, without events which
-            are already in the events table.
-        """
-        txn.execute(
-            "SELECT event_id, outlier FROM events WHERE event_id in (%s)"
-            % (",".join(["?"] * len(events_and_contexts)),),
-            [event.event_id for event, _ in events_and_contexts],
-        )
-
-        have_persisted = {event_id: outlier for event_id, outlier in txn}
-
-        to_remove = set()
-        for event, context in events_and_contexts:
-            if event.event_id not in have_persisted:
-                continue
-
-            to_remove.add(event)
-
-            if context.rejected:
-                # If the event is rejected then we don't care if the event
-                # was an outlier or not.
-                continue
-
-            outlier_persisted = have_persisted[event.event_id]
-            if not event.internal_metadata.is_outlier() and outlier_persisted:
-                # We received a copy of an event that we had already stored as
-                # an outlier in the database. We now have some state at that
-                # so we need to update the state_groups table with that state.
-
-                # insert into event_to_state_groups.
-                try:
-                    self._store_event_state_mappings_txn(txn, ((event, context),))
-                except Exception:
-                    logger.exception("")
-                    raise
-
-                metadata_json = encode_json(event.internal_metadata.get_dict())
-
-                sql = (
-                    "UPDATE event_json SET internal_metadata = ?" " WHERE event_id = ?"
-                )
-                txn.execute(sql, (metadata_json, event.event_id))
-
-                # Add an entry to the ex_outlier_stream table to replicate the
-                # change in outlier status to our workers.
-                stream_order = event.internal_metadata.stream_ordering
-                state_group_id = context.state_group
-                self._simple_insert_txn(
-                    txn,
-                    table="ex_outlier_stream",
-                    values={
-                        "event_stream_ordering": stream_order,
-                        "event_id": event.event_id,
-                        "state_group": state_group_id,
-                    },
-                )
-
-                sql = "UPDATE events SET outlier = ?" " WHERE event_id = ?"
-                txn.execute(sql, (False, event.event_id))
-
-                # Update the event_backward_extremities table now that this
-                # event isn't an outlier any more.
-                self._update_backward_extremeties(txn, [event])
-
-        return [ec for ec in events_and_contexts if ec[0] not in to_remove]
-
-    @classmethod
-    def _delete_existing_rows_txn(cls, txn, events_and_contexts):
-        if not events_and_contexts:
-            # nothing to do here
-            return
-
-        logger.info("Deleting existing")
-
-        for table in (
-            "events",
-            "event_auth",
-            "event_json",
-            "event_edges",
-            "event_forward_extremities",
-            "event_reference_hashes",
-            "event_search",
-            "event_to_state_groups",
-            "local_invites",
-            "state_events",
-            "rejections",
-            "redactions",
-            "room_memberships",
-        ):
-            txn.executemany(
-                "DELETE FROM %s WHERE event_id = ?" % (table,),
-                [(ev.event_id,) for ev, _ in events_and_contexts],
-            )
-
-        for table in ("event_push_actions",):
-            txn.executemany(
-                "DELETE FROM %s WHERE room_id = ? AND event_id = ?" % (table,),
-                [(ev.room_id, ev.event_id) for ev, _ in events_and_contexts],
-            )
-
-    def _store_event_txn(self, txn, events_and_contexts):
-        """Insert new events into the event and event_json tables
-
-        Args:
-            txn (twisted.enterprise.adbapi.Connection): db connection
-            events_and_contexts (list[(EventBase, EventContext)]): events
-                we are persisting
-        """
-
-        if not events_and_contexts:
-            # nothing to do here
-            return
-
-        def event_dict(event):
-            d = event.get_dict()
-            d.pop("redacted", None)
-            d.pop("redacted_because", None)
-            return d
-
-        self._simple_insert_many_txn(
-            txn,
-            table="event_json",
-            values=[
-                {
-                    "event_id": event.event_id,
-                    "room_id": event.room_id,
-                    "internal_metadata": encode_json(
-                        event.internal_metadata.get_dict()
-                    ),
-                    "json": encode_json(event_dict(event)),
-                    "format_version": event.format_version,
-                }
-                for event, _ in events_and_contexts
-            ],
-        )
-
-        self._simple_insert_many_txn(
-            txn,
-            table="events",
-            values=[
-                {
-                    "stream_ordering": event.internal_metadata.stream_ordering,
-                    "topological_ordering": event.depth,
-                    "depth": event.depth,
-                    "event_id": event.event_id,
-                    "room_id": event.room_id,
-                    "type": event.type,
-                    "processed": True,
-                    "outlier": event.internal_metadata.is_outlier(),
-                    "origin_server_ts": int(event.origin_server_ts),
-                    "received_ts": self._clock.time_msec(),
-                    "sender": event.sender,
-                    "contains_url": (
-                        "url" in event.content
-                        and isinstance(event.content["url"], text_type)
-                    ),
-                }
-                for event, _ in events_and_contexts
-            ],
-        )
-
-        for event, _ in events_and_contexts:
-            if not event.internal_metadata.is_redacted():
-                # If we're persisting an unredacted event we go and ensure
-                # that we mark any redactions that reference this event as
-                # requiring censoring.
-                self._simple_update_txn(
-                    txn,
-                    table="redactions",
-                    keyvalues={"redacts": event.event_id},
-                    updatevalues={"have_censored": False},
-                )
-
-    def _store_rejected_events_txn(self, txn, events_and_contexts):
-        """Add rows to the 'rejections' table for received events which were
-        rejected
-
-        Args:
-            txn (twisted.enterprise.adbapi.Connection): db connection
-            events_and_contexts (list[(EventBase, EventContext)]): events
-                we are persisting
-
-        Returns:
-            list[(EventBase, EventContext)] new list, without the rejected
-                events.
-        """
-        # Remove the rejected events from the list now that we've added them
-        # to the events table and the events_json table.
-        to_remove = set()
-        for event, context in events_and_contexts:
-            if context.rejected:
-                # Insert the event_id into the rejections table
-                self._store_rejections_txn(txn, event.event_id, context.rejected)
-                to_remove.add(event)
-
-        return [ec for ec in events_and_contexts if ec[0] not in to_remove]
-
-    def _update_metadata_tables_txn(
-        self, txn, events_and_contexts, all_events_and_contexts, backfilled
-    ):
-        """Update all the miscellaneous tables for new events
-
-        Args:
-            txn (twisted.enterprise.adbapi.Connection): db connection
-            events_and_contexts (list[(EventBase, EventContext)]): events
-                we are persisting
-            all_events_and_contexts (list[(EventBase, EventContext)]): all
-                events that we were going to persist. This includes events
-                we've already persisted, etc, that wouldn't appear in
-                events_and_context.
-            backfilled (bool): True if the events were backfilled
-        """
-
-        # Insert all the push actions into the event_push_actions table.
-        self._set_push_actions_for_event_and_users_txn(
-            txn,
-            events_and_contexts=events_and_contexts,
-            all_events_and_contexts=all_events_and_contexts,
-        )
-
-        if not events_and_contexts:
-            # nothing to do here
-            return
-
-        for event, context in events_and_contexts:
-            if event.type == EventTypes.Redaction and event.redacts is not None:
-                # Remove the entries in the event_push_actions table for the
-                # redacted event.
-                self._remove_push_actions_for_event_id_txn(
-                    txn, event.room_id, event.redacts
-                )
-
-                # Remove from relations table.
-                self._handle_redaction(txn, event.redacts)
-
-        # Update the event_forward_extremities, event_backward_extremities and
-        # event_edges tables.
-        self._handle_mult_prev_events(
-            txn, events=[event for event, _ in events_and_contexts]
-        )
-
-        for event, _ in events_and_contexts:
-            if event.type == EventTypes.Name:
-                # Insert into the event_search table.
-                self._store_room_name_txn(txn, event)
-            elif event.type == EventTypes.Topic:
-                # Insert into the event_search table.
-                self._store_room_topic_txn(txn, event)
-            elif event.type == EventTypes.Message:
-                # Insert into the event_search table.
-                self._store_room_message_txn(txn, event)
-            elif event.type == EventTypes.Redaction:
-                # Insert into the redactions table.
-                self._store_redaction(txn, event)
-
-            self._handle_event_relations(txn, event)
-
-        # Insert into the room_memberships table.
-        self._store_room_members_txn(
-            txn,
-            [
-                event
-                for event, _ in events_and_contexts
-                if event.type == EventTypes.Member
-            ],
-            backfilled=backfilled,
-        )
-
-        # Insert event_reference_hashes table.
-        self._store_event_reference_hashes_txn(
-            txn, [event for event, _ in events_and_contexts]
-        )
-
-        state_events_and_contexts = [
-            ec for ec in events_and_contexts if ec[0].is_state()
-        ]
-
-        state_values = []
-        for event, context in state_events_and_contexts:
-            vals = {
-                "event_id": event.event_id,
-                "room_id": event.room_id,
-                "type": event.type,
-                "state_key": event.state_key,
-            }
-
-            # TODO: How does this work with backfilling?
-            if hasattr(event, "replaces_state"):
-                vals["prev_state"] = event.replaces_state
-
-            state_values.append(vals)
-
-        self._simple_insert_many_txn(txn, table="state_events", values=state_values)
-
-        # Prefill the event cache
-        self._add_to_cache(txn, events_and_contexts)
-
-    def _add_to_cache(self, txn, events_and_contexts):
-        to_prefill = []
-
-        rows = []
-        N = 200
-        for i in range(0, len(events_and_contexts), N):
-            ev_map = {e[0].event_id: e[0] for e in events_and_contexts[i : i + N]}
-            if not ev_map:
-                break
-
-            sql = (
-                "SELECT "
-                " e.event_id as event_id, "
-                " r.redacts as redacts,"
-                " rej.event_id as rejects "
-                " FROM events as e"
-                " LEFT JOIN rejections as rej USING (event_id)"
-                " LEFT JOIN redactions as r ON e.event_id = r.redacts"
-                " WHERE "
-            )
-
-            clause, args = make_in_list_sql_clause(
-                self.database_engine, "e.event_id", list(ev_map)
-            )
-
-            txn.execute(sql + clause, args)
-            rows = self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
-            for row in rows:
-                event = ev_map[row["event_id"]]
-                if not row["rejects"] and not row["redacts"]:
-                    to_prefill.append(
-                        _EventCacheEntry(event=event, redacted_event=None)
-                    )
-
-        def prefill():
-            for cache_entry in to_prefill:
-                self._get_event_cache.prefill((cache_entry[0].event_id,), cache_entry)
-
-        txn.call_after(prefill)
-
-    def _store_redaction(self, txn, event):
-        # invalidate the cache for the redacted event
-        txn.call_after(self._invalidate_get_event_cache, event.redacts)
-
-        self._simple_insert_txn(
-            txn,
-            table="redactions",
-            values={
-                "event_id": event.event_id,
-                "redacts": event.redacts,
-                "received_ts": self._clock.time_msec(),
-            },
-        )
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _censor_redactions(self):
-        """Censors all redactions older than the configured period that haven't
-        been censored yet.
-
-        By censor we mean update the event_json table with the redacted event.
-
-        Returns:
-            Deferred
-        """
-
-        if self.hs.config.redaction_retention_period is None:
-            return
-
-        before_ts = self._clock.time_msec() - self.hs.config.redaction_retention_period
-
-        # We fetch all redactions that:
-        #   1. point to an event we have,
-        #   2. has a received_ts from before the cut off, and
-        #   3. we haven't yet censored.
-        #
-        # This is limited to 100 events to ensure that we don't try and do too
-        # much at once. We'll get called again so this should eventually catch
-        # up.
-        sql = """
-            SELECT redactions.event_id, redacts FROM redactions
-            LEFT JOIN events AS original_event ON (
-                redacts = original_event.event_id
-            )
-            WHERE NOT have_censored
-            AND redactions.received_ts <= ?
-            ORDER BY redactions.received_ts ASC
-            LIMIT ?
-        """
-
-        rows = yield self._execute(
-            "_censor_redactions_fetch", None, sql, before_ts, 100
-        )
-
-        updates = []
-
-        for redaction_id, event_id in rows:
-            redaction_event = yield self.get_event(redaction_id, allow_none=True)
-            original_event = yield self.get_event(
-                event_id, allow_rejected=True, allow_none=True
-            )
-
-            # The SQL above ensures that we have both the redaction and
-            # original event, so if the `get_event` calls return None it
-            # means that the redaction wasn't allowed. Either way we know that
-            # the result won't change so we mark the fact that we've checked.
-            if (
-                redaction_event
-                and original_event
-                and original_event.internal_metadata.is_redacted()
-            ):
-                # Redaction was allowed
-                pruned_json = encode_json(prune_event_dict(original_event.get_dict()))
-            else:
-                # Redaction wasn't allowed
-                pruned_json = None
-
-            updates.append((redaction_id, event_id, pruned_json))
-
-        def _update_censor_txn(txn):
-            for redaction_id, event_id, pruned_json in updates:
-                if pruned_json:
-                    self._simple_update_one_txn(
-                        txn,
-                        table="event_json",
-                        keyvalues={"event_id": event_id},
-                        updatevalues={"json": pruned_json},
-                    )
-
-                self._simple_update_one_txn(
-                    txn,
-                    table="redactions",
-                    keyvalues={"event_id": redaction_id},
-                    updatevalues={"have_censored": True},
-                )
-
-        yield self.runInteraction("_update_censor_txn", _update_censor_txn)
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def count_daily_messages(self):
-        """
-        Returns an estimate of the number of messages sent in the last day.
-
-        If it has been significantly less or more than one day since the last
-        call to this function, it will return None.
-        """
-
-        def _count_messages(txn):
-            sql = """
-                SELECT COALESCE(COUNT(*), 0) FROM events
-                WHERE type = 'm.room.message'
-                AND stream_ordering > ?
-            """
-            txn.execute(sql, (self.stream_ordering_day_ago,))
-            count, = txn.fetchone()
-            return count
-
-        ret = yield self.runInteraction("count_messages", _count_messages)
-        return ret
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def count_daily_sent_messages(self):
-        def _count_messages(txn):
-            # This is good enough as if you have silly characters in your own
-            # hostname then thats your own fault.
-            like_clause = "%:" + self.hs.hostname
-
-            sql = """
-                SELECT COALESCE(COUNT(*), 0) FROM events
-                WHERE type = 'm.room.message'
-                    AND sender LIKE ?
-                AND stream_ordering > ?
-            """
-
-            txn.execute(sql, (like_clause, self.stream_ordering_day_ago))
-            count, = txn.fetchone()
-            return count
-
-        ret = yield self.runInteraction("count_daily_sent_messages", _count_messages)
-        return ret
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def count_daily_active_rooms(self):
-        def _count(txn):
-            sql = """
-                SELECT COALESCE(COUNT(DISTINCT room_id), 0) FROM events
-                WHERE type = 'm.room.message'
-                AND stream_ordering > ?
-            """
-            txn.execute(sql, (self.stream_ordering_day_ago,))
-            count, = txn.fetchone()
-            return count
-
-        ret = yield self.runInteraction("count_daily_active_rooms", _count)
-        return ret
-
-    def get_current_backfill_token(self):
-        """The current minimum token that backfilled events have reached"""
-        return -self._backfill_id_gen.get_current_token()
-
-    def get_current_events_token(self):
-        """The current maximum token that events have reached"""
-        return self._stream_id_gen.get_current_token()
-
-    def get_all_new_forward_event_rows(self, last_id, current_id, limit):
-        if last_id == current_id:
-            return defer.succeed([])
-
-        def get_all_new_forward_event_rows(txn):
-            sql = (
-                "SELECT e.stream_ordering, e.event_id, e.room_id, e.type,"
-                " state_key, redacts, relates_to_id"
-                " FROM events AS e"
-                " LEFT JOIN redactions USING (event_id)"
-                " LEFT JOIN state_events USING (event_id)"
-                " LEFT JOIN event_relations USING (event_id)"
-                " WHERE ? < stream_ordering AND stream_ordering <= ?"
-                " ORDER BY stream_ordering ASC"
-                " LIMIT ?"
-            )
-            txn.execute(sql, (last_id, current_id, limit))
-            new_event_updates = txn.fetchall()
-
-            if len(new_event_updates) == limit:
-                upper_bound = new_event_updates[-1][0]
-            else:
-                upper_bound = current_id
-
-            sql = (
-                "SELECT event_stream_ordering, e.event_id, e.room_id, e.type,"
-                " state_key, redacts, relates_to_id"
-                " FROM events AS e"
-                " INNER JOIN ex_outlier_stream USING (event_id)"
-                " LEFT JOIN redactions USING (event_id)"
-                " LEFT JOIN state_events USING (event_id)"
-                " LEFT JOIN event_relations USING (event_id)"
-                " WHERE ? < event_stream_ordering"
-                " AND event_stream_ordering <= ?"
-                " ORDER BY event_stream_ordering DESC"
-            )
-            txn.execute(sql, (last_id, upper_bound))
-            new_event_updates.extend(txn)
-
-            return new_event_updates
-
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "get_all_new_forward_event_rows", get_all_new_forward_event_rows
-        )
-
-    def get_all_new_backfill_event_rows(self, last_id, current_id, limit):
-        if last_id == current_id:
-            return defer.succeed([])
-
-        def get_all_new_backfill_event_rows(txn):
-            sql = (
-                "SELECT -e.stream_ordering, e.event_id, e.room_id, e.type,"
-                " state_key, redacts, relates_to_id"
-                " FROM events AS e"
-                " LEFT JOIN redactions USING (event_id)"
-                " LEFT JOIN state_events USING (event_id)"
-                " LEFT JOIN event_relations USING (event_id)"
-                " WHERE ? > stream_ordering AND stream_ordering >= ?"
-                " ORDER BY stream_ordering ASC"
-                " LIMIT ?"
-            )
-            txn.execute(sql, (-last_id, -current_id, limit))
-            new_event_updates = txn.fetchall()
-
-            if len(new_event_updates) == limit:
-                upper_bound = new_event_updates[-1][0]
-            else:
-                upper_bound = current_id
-
-            sql = (
-                "SELECT -event_stream_ordering, e.event_id, e.room_id, e.type,"
-                " state_key, redacts, relates_to_id"
-                " FROM events AS e"
-                " INNER JOIN ex_outlier_stream USING (event_id)"
-                " LEFT JOIN redactions USING (event_id)"
-                " LEFT JOIN state_events USING (event_id)"
-                " LEFT JOIN event_relations USING (event_id)"
-                " WHERE ? > event_stream_ordering"
-                " AND event_stream_ordering >= ?"
-                " ORDER BY event_stream_ordering DESC"
-            )
-            txn.execute(sql, (-last_id, -upper_bound))
-            new_event_updates.extend(txn.fetchall())
-
-            return new_event_updates
-
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "get_all_new_backfill_event_rows", get_all_new_backfill_event_rows
-        )
-
-    @cached(num_args=5, max_entries=10)
-    def get_all_new_events(
-        self,
-        last_backfill_id,
-        last_forward_id,
-        current_backfill_id,
-        current_forward_id,
-        limit,
-    ):
-        """Get all the new events that have arrived at the server either as
-        new events or as backfilled events"""
-        have_backfill_events = last_backfill_id != current_backfill_id
-        have_forward_events = last_forward_id != current_forward_id
-
-        if not have_backfill_events and not have_forward_events:
-            return defer.succeed(AllNewEventsResult([], [], [], [], []))
-
-        def get_all_new_events_txn(txn):
-            sql = (
-                "SELECT e.stream_ordering, e.event_id, e.room_id, e.type,"
-                " state_key, redacts"
-                " FROM events AS e"
-                " LEFT JOIN redactions USING (event_id)"
-                " LEFT JOIN state_events USING (event_id)"
-                " WHERE ? < stream_ordering AND stream_ordering <= ?"
-                " ORDER BY stream_ordering ASC"
-                " LIMIT ?"
-            )
-            if have_forward_events:
-                txn.execute(sql, (last_forward_id, current_forward_id, limit))
-                new_forward_events = txn.fetchall()
-
-                if len(new_forward_events) == limit:
-                    upper_bound = new_forward_events[-1][0]
-                else:
-                    upper_bound = current_forward_id
-
-                sql = (
-                    "SELECT event_stream_ordering, event_id, state_group"
-                    " FROM ex_outlier_stream"
-                    " WHERE ? > event_stream_ordering"
-                    " AND event_stream_ordering >= ?"
-                    " ORDER BY event_stream_ordering DESC"
-                )
-                txn.execute(sql, (last_forward_id, upper_bound))
-                forward_ex_outliers = txn.fetchall()
-            else:
-                new_forward_events = []
-                forward_ex_outliers = []
-
-            sql = (
-                "SELECT -e.stream_ordering, e.event_id, e.room_id, e.type,"
-                " state_key, redacts"
-                " FROM events AS e"
-                " LEFT JOIN redactions USING (event_id)"
-                " LEFT JOIN state_events USING (event_id)"
-                " WHERE ? > stream_ordering AND stream_ordering >= ?"
-                " ORDER BY stream_ordering DESC"
-                " LIMIT ?"
-            )
-            if have_backfill_events:
-                txn.execute(sql, (-last_backfill_id, -current_backfill_id, limit))
-                new_backfill_events = txn.fetchall()
-
-                if len(new_backfill_events) == limit:
-                    upper_bound = new_backfill_events[-1][0]
-                else:
-                    upper_bound = current_backfill_id
-
-                sql = (
-                    "SELECT -event_stream_ordering, event_id, state_group"
-                    " FROM ex_outlier_stream"
-                    " WHERE ? > event_stream_ordering"
-                    " AND event_stream_ordering >= ?"
-                    " ORDER BY event_stream_ordering DESC"
-                )
-                txn.execute(sql, (-last_backfill_id, -upper_bound))
-                backward_ex_outliers = txn.fetchall()
-            else:
-                new_backfill_events = []
-                backward_ex_outliers = []
-
-            return AllNewEventsResult(
-                new_forward_events,
-                new_backfill_events,
-                forward_ex_outliers,
-                backward_ex_outliers,
-            )
-
-        return self.runInteraction("get_all_new_events", get_all_new_events_txn)
-
-    def purge_history(self, room_id, token, delete_local_events):
-        """Deletes room history before a certain point
-
-        Args:
-            room_id (str):
-
-            token (str): A topological token to delete events before
-
-            delete_local_events (bool):
-                if True, we will delete local events as well as remote ones
-                (instead of just marking them as outliers and deleting their
-                state groups).
-        """
-
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "purge_history",
-            self._purge_history_txn,
-            room_id,
-            token,
-            delete_local_events,
-        )
-
-    def _purge_history_txn(self, txn, room_id, token_str, delete_local_events):
-        token = RoomStreamToken.parse(token_str)
-
-        # Tables that should be pruned:
-        #     event_auth
-        #     event_backward_extremities
-        #     event_edges
-        #     event_forward_extremities
-        #     event_json
-        #     event_push_actions
-        #     event_reference_hashes
-        #     event_search
-        #     event_to_state_groups
-        #     events
-        #     rejections
-        #     room_depth
-        #     state_groups
-        #     state_groups_state
-
-        # we will build a temporary table listing the events so that we don't
-        # have to keep shovelling the list back and forth across the
-        # connection. Annoyingly the python sqlite driver commits the
-        # transaction on CREATE, so let's do this first.
-        #
-        # furthermore, we might already have the table from a previous (failed)
-        # purge attempt, so let's drop the table first.
-
-        txn.execute("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS events_to_purge")
-
-        txn.execute(
-            "CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE events_to_purge ("
-            "    event_id TEXT NOT NULL,"
-            "    should_delete BOOLEAN NOT NULL"
-            ")"
-        )
-
-        # First ensure that we're not about to delete all the forward extremeties
-        txn.execute(
-            "SELECT e.event_id, e.depth FROM events as e "
-            "INNER JOIN event_forward_extremities as f "
-            "ON e.event_id = f.event_id "
-            "AND e.room_id = f.room_id "
-            "WHERE f.room_id = ?",
-            (room_id,),
-        )
-        rows = txn.fetchall()
-        max_depth = max(row[1] for row in rows)
-
-        if max_depth < token.topological:
-            # We need to ensure we don't delete all the events from the database
-            # otherwise we wouldn't be able to send any events (due to not
-            # having any backwards extremeties)
-            raise SynapseError(
-                400, "topological_ordering is greater than forward extremeties"
-            )
-
-        logger.info("[purge] looking for events to delete")
-
-        should_delete_expr = "state_key IS NULL"
-        should_delete_params = ()
-        if not delete_local_events:
-            should_delete_expr += " AND event_id NOT LIKE ?"
-
-            # We include the parameter twice since we use the expression twice
-            should_delete_params += ("%:" + self.hs.hostname, "%:" + self.hs.hostname)
-
-        should_delete_params += (room_id, token.topological)
-
-        # Note that we insert events that are outliers and aren't going to be
-        # deleted, as nothing will happen to them.
-        txn.execute(
-            "INSERT INTO events_to_purge"
-            " SELECT event_id, %s"
-            " FROM events AS e LEFT JOIN state_events USING (event_id)"
-            " WHERE (NOT outlier OR (%s)) AND e.room_id = ? AND topological_ordering < ?"
-            % (should_delete_expr, should_delete_expr),
-            should_delete_params,
-        )
-
-        # We create the indices *after* insertion as that's a lot faster.
-
-        # create an index on should_delete because later we'll be looking for
-        # the should_delete / shouldn't_delete subsets
-        txn.execute(
-            "CREATE INDEX events_to_purge_should_delete"
-            " ON events_to_purge(should_delete)"
-        )
-
-        # We do joins against events_to_purge for e.g. calculating state
-        # groups to purge, etc., so lets make an index.
-        txn.execute("CREATE INDEX events_to_purge_id" " ON events_to_purge(event_id)")
-
-        txn.execute("SELECT event_id, should_delete FROM events_to_purge")
-        event_rows = txn.fetchall()
-        logger.info(
-            "[purge] found %i events before cutoff, of which %i can be deleted",
-            len(event_rows),
-            sum(1 for e in event_rows if e[1]),
-        )
-
-        logger.info("[purge] Finding new backward extremities")
-
-        # We calculate the new entries for the backward extremeties by finding
-        # events to be purged that are pointed to by events we're not going to
-        # purge.
-        txn.execute(
-            "SELECT DISTINCT e.event_id FROM events_to_purge AS e"
-            " INNER JOIN event_edges AS ed ON e.event_id = ed.prev_event_id"
-            " LEFT JOIN events_to_purge AS ep2 ON ed.event_id = ep2.event_id"
-            " WHERE ep2.event_id IS NULL"
-        )
-        new_backwards_extrems = txn.fetchall()
-
-        logger.info("[purge] replacing backward extremities: %r", new_backwards_extrems)
-
-        txn.execute(
-            "DELETE FROM event_backward_extremities WHERE room_id = ?", (room_id,)
-        )
-
-        # Update backward extremeties
-        txn.executemany(
-            "INSERT INTO event_backward_extremities (room_id, event_id)"
-            " VALUES (?, ?)",
-            [(room_id, event_id) for event_id, in new_backwards_extrems],
-        )
-
-        logger.info("[purge] finding redundant state groups")
-
-        # Get all state groups that are referenced by events that are to be
-        # deleted. We then go and check if they are referenced by other events
-        # or state groups, and if not we delete them.
-        txn.execute(
-            """
-            SELECT DISTINCT state_group FROM events_to_purge
-            INNER JOIN event_to_state_groups USING (event_id)
-        """
-        )
-
-        referenced_state_groups = set(sg for sg, in txn)
-        logger.info(
-            "[purge] found %i referenced state groups", len(referenced_state_groups)
-        )
-
-        logger.info("[purge] finding state groups that can be deleted")
-
-        _ = self._find_unreferenced_groups_during_purge(txn, referenced_state_groups)
-        state_groups_to_delete, remaining_state_groups = _
-
-        logger.info(
-            "[purge] found %i state groups to delete", len(state_groups_to_delete)
-        )
-
-        logger.info(
-            "[purge] de-delta-ing %i remaining state groups",
-            len(remaining_state_groups),
-        )
-
-        # Now we turn the state groups that reference to-be-deleted state
-        # groups to non delta versions.
-        for sg in remaining_state_groups:
-            logger.info("[purge] de-delta-ing remaining state group %s", sg)
-            curr_state = self._get_state_groups_from_groups_txn(txn, [sg])
-            curr_state = curr_state[sg]
-
-            self._simple_delete_txn(
-                txn, table="state_groups_state", keyvalues={"state_group": sg}
-            )
-
-            self._simple_delete_txn(
-                txn, table="state_group_edges", keyvalues={"state_group": sg}
-            )
-
-            self._simple_insert_many_txn(
-                txn,
-                table="state_groups_state",
-                values=[
-                    {
-                        "state_group": sg,
-                        "room_id": room_id,
-                        "type": key[0],
-                        "state_key": key[1],
-                        "event_id": state_id,
-                    }
-                    for key, state_id in iteritems(curr_state)
-                ],
-            )
-
-        logger.info("[purge] removing redundant state groups")
-        txn.executemany(
-            "DELETE FROM state_groups_state WHERE state_group = ?",
-            ((sg,) for sg in state_groups_to_delete),
-        )
-        txn.executemany(
-            "DELETE FROM state_groups WHERE id = ?",
-            ((sg,) for sg in state_groups_to_delete),
-        )
-
-        logger.info("[purge] removing events from event_to_state_groups")
-        txn.execute(
-            "DELETE FROM event_to_state_groups "
-            "WHERE event_id IN (SELECT event_id from events_to_purge)"
-        )
-        for event_id, _ in event_rows:
-            txn.call_after(self._get_state_group_for_event.invalidate, (event_id,))
-
-        # Delete all remote non-state events
-        for table in (
-            "events",
-            "event_json",
-            "event_auth",
-            "event_edges",
-            "event_forward_extremities",
-            "event_reference_hashes",
-            "event_search",
-            "rejections",
-        ):
-            logger.info("[purge] removing events from %s", table)
-
-            txn.execute(
-                "DELETE FROM %s WHERE event_id IN ("
-                "    SELECT event_id FROM events_to_purge WHERE should_delete"
-                ")" % (table,)
-            )
-
-        # event_push_actions lacks an index on event_id, and has one on
-        # (room_id, event_id) instead.
-        for table in ("event_push_actions",):
-            logger.info("[purge] removing events from %s", table)
-
-            txn.execute(
-                "DELETE FROM %s WHERE room_id = ? AND event_id IN ("
-                "    SELECT event_id FROM events_to_purge WHERE should_delete"
-                ")" % (table,),
-                (room_id,),
-            )
-
-        # Mark all state and own events as outliers
-        logger.info("[purge] marking remaining events as outliers")
-        txn.execute(
-            "UPDATE events SET outlier = ?"
-            " WHERE event_id IN ("
-            "    SELECT event_id FROM events_to_purge "
-            "    WHERE NOT should_delete"
-            ")",
-            (True,),
-        )
-
-        # synapse tries to take out an exclusive lock on room_depth whenever it
-        # persists events (because upsert), and once we run this update, we
-        # will block that for the rest of our transaction.
-        #
-        # So, let's stick it at the end so that we don't block event
-        # persistence.
-        #
-        # We do this by calculating the minimum depth of the backwards
-        # extremities. However, the events in event_backward_extremities
-        # are ones we don't have yet so we need to look at the events that
-        # point to it via event_edges table.
-        txn.execute(
-            """
-            SELECT COALESCE(MIN(depth), 0)
-            FROM event_backward_extremities AS eb
-            INNER JOIN event_edges AS eg ON eg.prev_event_id = eb.event_id
-            INNER JOIN events AS e ON e.event_id = eg.event_id
-            WHERE eb.room_id = ?
-        """,
-            (room_id,),
-        )
-        min_depth, = txn.fetchone()
-
-        logger.info("[purge] updating room_depth to %d", min_depth)
-
-        txn.execute(
-            "UPDATE room_depth SET min_depth = ? WHERE room_id = ?",
-            (min_depth, room_id),
-        )
-
-        # finally, drop the temp table. this will commit the txn in sqlite,
-        # so make sure to keep this actually last.
-        txn.execute("DROP TABLE events_to_purge")
-
-        logger.info("[purge] done")
-
-    def _find_unreferenced_groups_during_purge(self, txn, state_groups):
-        """Used when purging history to figure out which state groups can be
-        deleted and which need to be de-delta'ed (due to one of its prev groups
-        being scheduled for deletion).
-
-        Args:
-            txn
-            state_groups (set[int]): Set of state groups referenced by events
-                that are going to be deleted.
-
-        Returns:
-            tuple[set[int], set[int]]: The set of state groups that can be
-            deleted and the set of state groups that need to be de-delta'ed
-        """
-        # Graph of state group -> previous group
-        graph = {}
-
-        # Set of events that we have found to be referenced by events
-        referenced_groups = set()
-
-        # Set of state groups we've already seen
-        state_groups_seen = set(state_groups)
-
-        # Set of state groups to handle next.
-        next_to_search = set(state_groups)
-        while next_to_search:
-            # We bound size of groups we're looking up at once, to stop the
-            # SQL query getting too big
-            if len(next_to_search) < 100:
-                current_search = next_to_search
-                next_to_search = set()
-            else:
-                current_search = set(itertools.islice(next_to_search, 100))
-                next_to_search -= current_search
-
-            # Check if state groups are referenced
-            sql = """
-                SELECT DISTINCT state_group FROM event_to_state_groups
-                LEFT JOIN events_to_purge AS ep USING (event_id)
-                WHERE ep.event_id IS NULL AND
-            """
-            clause, args = make_in_list_sql_clause(
-                txn.database_engine, "state_group", current_search
-            )
-            txn.execute(sql + clause, list(args))
-
-            referenced = set(sg for sg, in txn)
-            referenced_groups |= referenced
-
-            # We don't continue iterating up the state group graphs for state
-            # groups that are referenced.
-            current_search -= referenced
-
-            rows = self._simple_select_many_txn(
-                txn,
-                table="state_group_edges",
-                column="prev_state_group",
-                iterable=current_search,
-                keyvalues={},
-                retcols=("prev_state_group", "state_group"),
-            )
-
-            prevs = set(row["state_group"] for row in rows)
-            # We don't bother re-handling groups we've already seen
-            prevs -= state_groups_seen
-            next_to_search |= prevs
-            state_groups_seen |= prevs
-
-            for row in rows:
-                # Note: Each state group can have at most one prev group
-                graph[row["state_group"]] = row["prev_state_group"]
-
-        to_delete = state_groups_seen - referenced_groups
-
-        to_dedelta = set()
-        for sg in referenced_groups:
-            prev_sg = graph.get(sg)
-            if prev_sg and prev_sg in to_delete:
-                to_dedelta.add(sg)
-
-        return to_delete, to_dedelta
-
-    def purge_room(self, room_id):
-        """Deletes all record of a room
-
-        Args:
-            room_id (str):
-        """
-
-        return self.runInteraction("purge_room", self._purge_room_txn, room_id)
-
-    def _purge_room_txn(self, txn, room_id):
-        # first we have to delete the state groups states
-        logger.info("[purge] removing %s from state_groups_state", room_id)
-
-        txn.execute(
-            """
-            DELETE FROM state_groups_state WHERE state_group IN (
-              SELECT state_group FROM events JOIN event_to_state_groups USING(event_id)
-              WHERE events.room_id=?
-            )
-            """,
-            (room_id,),
-        )
-
-        # ... and the state group edges
-        logger.info("[purge] removing %s from state_group_edges", room_id)
-
-        txn.execute(
-            """
-            DELETE FROM state_group_edges WHERE state_group IN (
-              SELECT state_group FROM events JOIN event_to_state_groups USING(event_id)
-              WHERE events.room_id=?
-            )
-            """,
-            (room_id,),
-        )
-
-        # ... and the state groups
-        logger.info("[purge] removing %s from state_groups", room_id)
-
-        txn.execute(
-            """
-            DELETE FROM state_groups WHERE id IN (
-              SELECT state_group FROM events JOIN event_to_state_groups USING(event_id)
-              WHERE events.room_id=?
-            )
-            """,
-            (room_id,),
-        )
-
-        # and then tables which lack an index on room_id but have one on event_id
-        for table in (
-            "event_auth",
-            "event_edges",
-            "event_push_actions_staging",
-            "event_reference_hashes",
-            "event_relations",
-            "event_to_state_groups",
-            "redactions",
-            "rejections",
-            "state_events",
-        ):
-            logger.info("[purge] removing %s from %s", room_id, table)
-
-            txn.execute(
-                """
-                DELETE FROM %s WHERE event_id IN (
-                  SELECT event_id FROM events WHERE room_id=?
-                )
-                """
-                % (table,),
-                (room_id,),
-            )
-
-        # and finally, the tables with an index on room_id (or no useful index)
-        for table in (
-            "current_state_events",
-            "event_backward_extremities",
-            "event_forward_extremities",
-            "event_json",
-            "event_push_actions",
-            "event_search",
-            "events",
-            "group_rooms",
-            "public_room_list_stream",
-            "receipts_graph",
-            "receipts_linearized",
-            "room_aliases",
-            "room_depth",
-            "room_memberships",
-            "room_stats_state",
-            "room_stats_current",
-            "room_stats_historical",
-            "room_stats_earliest_token",
-            "rooms",
-            "stream_ordering_to_exterm",
-            "topics",
-            "users_in_public_rooms",
-            "users_who_share_private_rooms",
-            # no useful index, but let's clear them anyway
-            "appservice_room_list",
-            "e2e_room_keys",
-            "event_push_summary",
-            "pusher_throttle",
-            "group_summary_rooms",
-            "local_invites",
-            "room_account_data",
-            "room_tags",
-        ):
-            logger.info("[purge] removing %s from %s", room_id, table)
-            txn.execute("DELETE FROM %s WHERE room_id=?" % (table,), (room_id,))
-
-        # Other tables we do NOT need to clear out:
-        #
-        #  - blocked_rooms
-        #    This is important, to make sure that we don't accidentally rejoin a blocked
-        #    room after it was purged
-        #
-        #  - user_directory
-        #    This has a room_id column, but it is unused
-        #
-
-        # Other tables that we might want to consider clearing out include:
-        #
-        #  - event_reports
-        #       Given that these are intended for abuse management my initial
-        #       inclination is to leave them in place.
-        #
-        #  - current_state_delta_stream
-        #  - ex_outlier_stream
-        #  - room_tags_revisions
-        #       The problem with these is that they are largeish and there is no room_id
-        #       index on them. In any case we should be clearing out 'stream' tables
-        #       periodically anyway (#5888)
-
-        # TODO: we could probably usefully do a bunch of cache invalidation here
-
-        logger.info("[purge] done")
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def is_event_after(self, event_id1, event_id2):
-        """Returns True if event_id1 is after event_id2 in the stream
-        """
-        to_1, so_1 = yield self._get_event_ordering(event_id1)
-        to_2, so_2 = yield self._get_event_ordering(event_id2)
-        return (to_1, so_1) > (to_2, so_2)
-
-    @cachedInlineCallbacks(max_entries=5000)
-    def _get_event_ordering(self, event_id):
-        res = yield self._simple_select_one(
-            table="events",
-            retcols=["topological_ordering", "stream_ordering"],
-            keyvalues={"event_id": event_id},
-            allow_none=True,
-        )
-
-        if not res:
-            raise SynapseError(404, "Could not find event %s" % (event_id,))
-
-        return (int(res["topological_ordering"]), int(res["stream_ordering"]))
-
-    def get_all_updated_current_state_deltas(self, from_token, to_token, limit):
-        def get_all_updated_current_state_deltas_txn(txn):
-            sql = """
-                SELECT stream_id, room_id, type, state_key, event_id
-                FROM current_state_delta_stream
-                WHERE ? < stream_id AND stream_id <= ?
-                ORDER BY stream_id ASC LIMIT ?
-            """
-            txn.execute(sql, (from_token, to_token, limit))
-            return txn.fetchall()
-
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "get_all_updated_current_state_deltas",
-            get_all_updated_current_state_deltas_txn,
-        )
-
-
-AllNewEventsResult = namedtuple(
-    "AllNewEventsResult",
-    [
-        "new_forward_events",
-        "new_backfill_events",
-        "forward_ex_outliers",
-        "backward_ex_outliers",
-    ],
-)
diff --git a/synapse/storage/events_bg_updates.py b/synapse/storage/events_bg_updates.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 31ea6f917f..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/events_bg_updates.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,505 +0,0 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-# Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-
-import logging
-
-from six import text_type
-
-from canonicaljson import json
-
-from twisted.internet import defer
-
-from synapse.storage._base import make_in_list_sql_clause
-from synapse.storage.background_updates import BackgroundUpdateStore
-
-logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-
-
-class EventsBackgroundUpdatesStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
-
-    EVENT_ORIGIN_SERVER_TS_NAME = "event_origin_server_ts"
-    EVENT_FIELDS_SENDER_URL_UPDATE_NAME = "event_fields_sender_url"
-    DELETE_SOFT_FAILED_EXTREMITIES = "delete_soft_failed_extremities"
-
-    def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
-        super(EventsBackgroundUpdatesStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
-
-        self.register_background_update_handler(
-            self.EVENT_ORIGIN_SERVER_TS_NAME, self._background_reindex_origin_server_ts
-        )
-        self.register_background_update_handler(
-            self.EVENT_FIELDS_SENDER_URL_UPDATE_NAME,
-            self._background_reindex_fields_sender,
-        )
-
-        self.register_background_index_update(
-            "event_contains_url_index",
-            index_name="event_contains_url_index",
-            table="events",
-            columns=["room_id", "topological_ordering", "stream_ordering"],
-            where_clause="contains_url = true AND outlier = false",
-        )
-
-        # an event_id index on event_search is useful for the purge_history
-        # api. Plus it means we get to enforce some integrity with a UNIQUE
-        # clause
-        self.register_background_index_update(
-            "event_search_event_id_idx",
-            index_name="event_search_event_id_idx",
-            table="event_search",
-            columns=["event_id"],
-            unique=True,
-            psql_only=True,
-        )
-
-        self.register_background_update_handler(
-            self.DELETE_SOFT_FAILED_EXTREMITIES, self._cleanup_extremities_bg_update
-        )
-
-        self.register_background_update_handler(
-            "redactions_received_ts", self._redactions_received_ts
-        )
-
-        # This index gets deleted in `event_fix_redactions_bytes` update
-        self.register_background_index_update(
-            "event_fix_redactions_bytes_create_index",
-            index_name="redactions_censored_redacts",
-            table="redactions",
-            columns=["redacts"],
-            where_clause="have_censored",
-        )
-
-        self.register_background_update_handler(
-            "event_fix_redactions_bytes", self._event_fix_redactions_bytes
-        )
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _background_reindex_fields_sender(self, progress, batch_size):
-        target_min_stream_id = progress["target_min_stream_id_inclusive"]
-        max_stream_id = progress["max_stream_id_exclusive"]
-        rows_inserted = progress.get("rows_inserted", 0)
-
-        INSERT_CLUMP_SIZE = 1000
-
-        def reindex_txn(txn):
-            sql = (
-                "SELECT stream_ordering, event_id, json FROM events"
-                " INNER JOIN event_json USING (event_id)"
-                " WHERE ? <= stream_ordering AND stream_ordering < ?"
-                " ORDER BY stream_ordering DESC"
-                " LIMIT ?"
-            )
-
-            txn.execute(sql, (target_min_stream_id, max_stream_id, batch_size))
-
-            rows = txn.fetchall()
-            if not rows:
-                return 0
-
-            min_stream_id = rows[-1][0]
-
-            update_rows = []
-            for row in rows:
-                try:
-                    event_id = row[1]
-                    event_json = json.loads(row[2])
-                    sender = event_json["sender"]
-                    content = event_json["content"]
-
-                    contains_url = "url" in content
-                    if contains_url:
-                        contains_url &= isinstance(content["url"], text_type)
-                except (KeyError, AttributeError):
-                    # If the event is missing a necessary field then
-                    # skip over it.
-                    continue
-
-                update_rows.append((sender, contains_url, event_id))
-
-            sql = "UPDATE events SET sender = ?, contains_url = ? WHERE event_id = ?"
-
-            for index in range(0, len(update_rows), INSERT_CLUMP_SIZE):
-                clump = update_rows[index : index + INSERT_CLUMP_SIZE]
-                txn.executemany(sql, clump)
-
-            progress = {
-                "target_min_stream_id_inclusive": target_min_stream_id,
-                "max_stream_id_exclusive": min_stream_id,
-                "rows_inserted": rows_inserted + len(rows),
-            }
-
-            self._background_update_progress_txn(
-                txn, self.EVENT_FIELDS_SENDER_URL_UPDATE_NAME, progress
-            )
-
-            return len(rows)
-
-        result = yield self.runInteraction(
-            self.EVENT_FIELDS_SENDER_URL_UPDATE_NAME, reindex_txn
-        )
-
-        if not result:
-            yield self._end_background_update(self.EVENT_FIELDS_SENDER_URL_UPDATE_NAME)
-
-        return result
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _background_reindex_origin_server_ts(self, progress, batch_size):
-        target_min_stream_id = progress["target_min_stream_id_inclusive"]
-        max_stream_id = progress["max_stream_id_exclusive"]
-        rows_inserted = progress.get("rows_inserted", 0)
-
-        INSERT_CLUMP_SIZE = 1000
-
-        def reindex_search_txn(txn):
-            sql = (
-                "SELECT stream_ordering, event_id FROM events"
-                " WHERE ? <= stream_ordering AND stream_ordering < ?"
-                " ORDER BY stream_ordering DESC"
-                " LIMIT ?"
-            )
-
-            txn.execute(sql, (target_min_stream_id, max_stream_id, batch_size))
-
-            rows = txn.fetchall()
-            if not rows:
-                return 0
-
-            min_stream_id = rows[-1][0]
-            event_ids = [row[1] for row in rows]
-
-            rows_to_update = []
-
-            chunks = [event_ids[i : i + 100] for i in range(0, len(event_ids), 100)]
-            for chunk in chunks:
-                ev_rows = self._simple_select_many_txn(
-                    txn,
-                    table="event_json",
-                    column="event_id",
-                    iterable=chunk,
-                    retcols=["event_id", "json"],
-                    keyvalues={},
-                )
-
-                for row in ev_rows:
-                    event_id = row["event_id"]
-                    event_json = json.loads(row["json"])
-                    try:
-                        origin_server_ts = event_json["origin_server_ts"]
-                    except (KeyError, AttributeError):
-                        # If the event is missing a necessary field then
-                        # skip over it.
-                        continue
-
-                    rows_to_update.append((origin_server_ts, event_id))
-
-            sql = "UPDATE events SET origin_server_ts = ? WHERE event_id = ?"
-
-            for index in range(0, len(rows_to_update), INSERT_CLUMP_SIZE):
-                clump = rows_to_update[index : index + INSERT_CLUMP_SIZE]
-                txn.executemany(sql, clump)
-
-            progress = {
-                "target_min_stream_id_inclusive": target_min_stream_id,
-                "max_stream_id_exclusive": min_stream_id,
-                "rows_inserted": rows_inserted + len(rows_to_update),
-            }
-
-            self._background_update_progress_txn(
-                txn, self.EVENT_ORIGIN_SERVER_TS_NAME, progress
-            )
-
-            return len(rows_to_update)
-
-        result = yield self.runInteraction(
-            self.EVENT_ORIGIN_SERVER_TS_NAME, reindex_search_txn
-        )
-
-        if not result:
-            yield self._end_background_update(self.EVENT_ORIGIN_SERVER_TS_NAME)
-
-        return result
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _cleanup_extremities_bg_update(self, progress, batch_size):
-        """Background update to clean out extremities that should have been
-        deleted previously.
-
-        Mainly used to deal with the aftermath of #5269.
-        """
-
-        # This works by first copying all existing forward extremities into the
-        # `_extremities_to_check` table at start up, and then checking each
-        # event in that table whether we have any descendants that are not
-        # soft-failed/rejected. If that is the case then we delete that event
-        # from the forward extremities table.
-        #
-        # For efficiency, we do this in batches by recursively pulling out all
-        # descendants of a batch until we find the non soft-failed/rejected
-        # events, i.e. the set of descendants whose chain of prev events back
-        # to the batch of extremities are all soft-failed or rejected.
-        # Typically, we won't find any such events as extremities will rarely
-        # have any descendants, but if they do then we should delete those
-        # extremities.
-
-        def _cleanup_extremities_bg_update_txn(txn):
-            # The set of extremity event IDs that we're checking this round
-            original_set = set()
-
-            # A dict[str, set[str]] of event ID to their prev events.
-            graph = {}
-
-            # The set of descendants of the original set that are not rejected
-            # nor soft-failed. Ancestors of these events should be removed
-            # from the forward extremities table.
-            non_rejected_leaves = set()
-
-            # Set of event IDs that have been soft failed, and for which we
-            # should check if they have descendants which haven't been soft
-            # failed.
-            soft_failed_events_to_lookup = set()
-
-            # First, we get `batch_size` events from the table, pulling out
-            # their successor events, if any, and the successor events'
-            # rejection status.
-            txn.execute(
-                """SELECT prev_event_id, event_id, internal_metadata,
-                    rejections.event_id IS NOT NULL, events.outlier
-                FROM (
-                    SELECT event_id AS prev_event_id
-                    FROM _extremities_to_check
-                    LIMIT ?
-                ) AS f
-                LEFT JOIN event_edges USING (prev_event_id)
-                LEFT JOIN events USING (event_id)
-                LEFT JOIN event_json USING (event_id)
-                LEFT JOIN rejections USING (event_id)
-                """,
-                (batch_size,),
-            )
-
-            for prev_event_id, event_id, metadata, rejected, outlier in txn:
-                original_set.add(prev_event_id)
-
-                if not event_id or outlier:
-                    # Common case where the forward extremity doesn't have any
-                    # descendants.
-                    continue
-
-                graph.setdefault(event_id, set()).add(prev_event_id)
-
-                soft_failed = False
-                if metadata:
-                    soft_failed = json.loads(metadata).get("soft_failed")
-
-                if soft_failed or rejected:
-                    soft_failed_events_to_lookup.add(event_id)
-                else:
-                    non_rejected_leaves.add(event_id)
-
-            # Now we recursively check all the soft-failed descendants we
-            # found above in the same way, until we have nothing left to
-            # check.
-            while soft_failed_events_to_lookup:
-                # We only want to do 100 at a time, so we split given list
-                # into two.
-                batch = list(soft_failed_events_to_lookup)
-                to_check, to_defer = batch[:100], batch[100:]
-                soft_failed_events_to_lookup = set(to_defer)
-
-                sql = """SELECT prev_event_id, event_id, internal_metadata,
-                    rejections.event_id IS NOT NULL
-                    FROM event_edges
-                    INNER JOIN events USING (event_id)
-                    INNER JOIN event_json USING (event_id)
-                    LEFT JOIN rejections USING (event_id)
-                    WHERE
-                        NOT events.outlier
-                        AND
-                """
-                clause, args = make_in_list_sql_clause(
-                    self.database_engine, "prev_event_id", to_check
-                )
-                txn.execute(sql + clause, list(args))
-
-                for prev_event_id, event_id, metadata, rejected in txn:
-                    if event_id in graph:
-                        # Already handled this event previously, but we still
-                        # want to record the edge.
-                        graph[event_id].add(prev_event_id)
-                        continue
-
-                    graph[event_id] = {prev_event_id}
-
-                    soft_failed = json.loads(metadata).get("soft_failed")
-                    if soft_failed or rejected:
-                        soft_failed_events_to_lookup.add(event_id)
-                    else:
-                        non_rejected_leaves.add(event_id)
-
-            # We have a set of non-soft-failed descendants, so we recurse up
-            # the graph to find all ancestors and add them to the set of event
-            # IDs that we can delete from forward extremities table.
-            to_delete = set()
-            while non_rejected_leaves:
-                event_id = non_rejected_leaves.pop()
-                prev_event_ids = graph.get(event_id, set())
-                non_rejected_leaves.update(prev_event_ids)
-                to_delete.update(prev_event_ids)
-
-            to_delete.intersection_update(original_set)
-
-            deleted = self._simple_delete_many_txn(
-                txn=txn,
-                table="event_forward_extremities",
-                column="event_id",
-                iterable=to_delete,
-                keyvalues={},
-            )
-
-            logger.info(
-                "Deleted %d forward extremities of %d checked, to clean up #5269",
-                deleted,
-                len(original_set),
-            )
-
-            if deleted:
-                # We now need to invalidate the caches of these rooms
-                rows = self._simple_select_many_txn(
-                    txn,
-                    table="events",
-                    column="event_id",
-                    iterable=to_delete,
-                    keyvalues={},
-                    retcols=("room_id",),
-                )
-                room_ids = set(row["room_id"] for row in rows)
-                for room_id in room_ids:
-                    txn.call_after(
-                        self.get_latest_event_ids_in_room.invalidate, (room_id,)
-                    )
-
-            self._simple_delete_many_txn(
-                txn=txn,
-                table="_extremities_to_check",
-                column="event_id",
-                iterable=original_set,
-                keyvalues={},
-            )
-
-            return len(original_set)
-
-        num_handled = yield self.runInteraction(
-            "_cleanup_extremities_bg_update", _cleanup_extremities_bg_update_txn
-        )
-
-        if not num_handled:
-            yield self._end_background_update(self.DELETE_SOFT_FAILED_EXTREMITIES)
-
-            def _drop_table_txn(txn):
-                txn.execute("DROP TABLE _extremities_to_check")
-
-            yield self.runInteraction(
-                "_cleanup_extremities_bg_update_drop_table", _drop_table_txn
-            )
-
-        return num_handled
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _redactions_received_ts(self, progress, batch_size):
-        """Handles filling out the `received_ts` column in redactions.
-        """
-        last_event_id = progress.get("last_event_id", "")
-
-        def _redactions_received_ts_txn(txn):
-            # Fetch the set of event IDs that we want to update
-            sql = """
-                SELECT event_id FROM redactions
-                WHERE event_id > ?
-                ORDER BY event_id ASC
-                LIMIT ?
-            """
-
-            txn.execute(sql, (last_event_id, batch_size))
-
-            rows = txn.fetchall()
-            if not rows:
-                return 0
-
-            upper_event_id, = rows[-1]
-
-            # Update the redactions with the received_ts.
-            #
-            # Note: Not all events have an associated received_ts, so we
-            # fallback to using origin_server_ts. If we for some reason don't
-            # have an origin_server_ts, lets just use the current timestamp.
-            #
-            # We don't want to leave it null, as then we'll never try and
-            # censor those redactions.
-            sql = """
-                UPDATE redactions
-                SET received_ts = (
-                    SELECT COALESCE(received_ts, origin_server_ts, ?) FROM events
-                    WHERE events.event_id = redactions.event_id
-                )
-                WHERE ? <= event_id AND event_id <= ?
-            """
-
-            txn.execute(sql, (self._clock.time_msec(), last_event_id, upper_event_id))
-
-            self._background_update_progress_txn(
-                txn, "redactions_received_ts", {"last_event_id": upper_event_id}
-            )
-
-            return len(rows)
-
-        count = yield self.runInteraction(
-            "_redactions_received_ts", _redactions_received_ts_txn
-        )
-
-        if not count:
-            yield self._end_background_update("redactions_received_ts")
-
-        return count
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _event_fix_redactions_bytes(self, progress, batch_size):
-        """Undoes hex encoded censored redacted event JSON.
-        """
-
-        def _event_fix_redactions_bytes_txn(txn):
-            # This update is quite fast due to new index.
-            txn.execute(
-                """
-                UPDATE event_json
-                SET
-                    json = convert_from(json::bytea, 'utf8')
-                FROM redactions
-                WHERE
-                    redactions.have_censored
-                    AND event_json.event_id = redactions.redacts
-                    AND json NOT LIKE '{%';
-                """
-            )
-
-            txn.execute("DROP INDEX redactions_censored_redacts")
-
-        yield self.runInteraction(
-            "_event_fix_redactions_bytes", _event_fix_redactions_bytes_txn
-        )
-
-        yield self._end_background_update("event_fix_redactions_bytes")
-
-        return 1
diff --git a/synapse/storage/events_worker.py b/synapse/storage/events_worker.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 4c4b76bd93..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/events_worker.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,882 +0,0 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-# Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-
-from __future__ import division
-
-import itertools
-import logging
-from collections import namedtuple
-
-from canonicaljson import json
-
-from twisted.internet import defer
-
-from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes
-from synapse.api.errors import NotFoundError
-from synapse.api.room_versions import EventFormatVersions
-from synapse.events import FrozenEvent, event_type_from_format_version  # noqa: F401
-from synapse.events.snapshot import EventContext  # noqa: F401
-from synapse.events.utils import prune_event
-from synapse.logging.context import LoggingContext, PreserveLoggingContext
-from synapse.metrics.background_process_metrics import run_as_background_process
-from synapse.storage._base import SQLBaseStore, make_in_list_sql_clause
-from synapse.types import get_domain_from_id
-from synapse.util import batch_iter
-from synapse.util.metrics import Measure
-
-logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-
-
-# These values are used in the `enqueus_event` and `_do_fetch` methods to
-# control how we batch/bulk fetch events from the database.
-# The values are plucked out of thing air to make initial sync run faster
-# on jki.re
-# TODO: Make these configurable.
-EVENT_QUEUE_THREADS = 3  # Max number of threads that will fetch events
-EVENT_QUEUE_ITERATIONS = 3  # No. times we block waiting for requests for events
-EVENT_QUEUE_TIMEOUT_S = 0.1  # Timeout when waiting for requests for events
-
-
-_EventCacheEntry = namedtuple("_EventCacheEntry", ("event", "redacted_event"))
-
-
-class EventsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
-    def get_received_ts(self, event_id):
-        """Get received_ts (when it was persisted) for the event.
-
-        Raises an exception for unknown events.
-
-        Args:
-            event_id (str)
-
-        Returns:
-            Deferred[int|None]: Timestamp in milliseconds, or None for events
-            that were persisted before received_ts was implemented.
-        """
-        return self._simple_select_one_onecol(
-            table="events",
-            keyvalues={"event_id": event_id},
-            retcol="received_ts",
-            desc="get_received_ts",
-        )
-
-    def get_received_ts_by_stream_pos(self, stream_ordering):
-        """Given a stream ordering get an approximate timestamp of when it
-        happened.
-
-        This is done by simply taking the received ts of the first event that
-        has a stream ordering greater than or equal to the given stream pos.
-        If none exists returns the current time, on the assumption that it must
-        have happened recently.
-
-        Args:
-            stream_ordering (int)
-
-        Returns:
-            Deferred[int]
-        """
-
-        def _get_approximate_received_ts_txn(txn):
-            sql = """
-                SELECT received_ts FROM events
-                WHERE stream_ordering >= ?
-                LIMIT 1
-            """
-
-            txn.execute(sql, (stream_ordering,))
-            row = txn.fetchone()
-            if row and row[0]:
-                ts = row[0]
-            else:
-                ts = self.clock.time_msec()
-
-            return ts
-
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "get_approximate_received_ts", _get_approximate_received_ts_txn
-        )
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_event(
-        self,
-        event_id,
-        check_redacted=True,
-        get_prev_content=False,
-        allow_rejected=False,
-        allow_none=False,
-        check_room_id=None,
-    ):
-        """Get an event from the database by event_id.
-
-        Args:
-            event_id (str): The event_id of the event to fetch
-            check_redacted (bool): If True, check if event has been redacted
-                and redact it.
-            get_prev_content (bool): If True and event is a state event,
-                include the previous states content in the unsigned field.
-            allow_rejected (bool): If True return rejected events.
-            allow_none (bool): If True, return None if no event found, if
-                False throw a NotFoundError
-            check_room_id (str|None): if not None, check the room of the found event.
-                If there is a mismatch, behave as per allow_none.
-
-        Returns:
-            Deferred[EventBase|None]
-        """
-        if not isinstance(event_id, str):
-            raise TypeError("Invalid event event_id %r" % (event_id,))
-
-        events = yield self.get_events_as_list(
-            [event_id],
-            check_redacted=check_redacted,
-            get_prev_content=get_prev_content,
-            allow_rejected=allow_rejected,
-        )
-
-        event = events[0] if events else None
-
-        if event is not None and check_room_id is not None:
-            if event.room_id != check_room_id:
-                event = None
-
-        if event is None and not allow_none:
-            raise NotFoundError("Could not find event %s" % (event_id,))
-
-        return event
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_events(
-        self,
-        event_ids,
-        check_redacted=True,
-        get_prev_content=False,
-        allow_rejected=False,
-    ):
-        """Get events from the database
-
-        Args:
-            event_ids (list): The event_ids of the events to fetch
-            check_redacted (bool): If True, check if event has been redacted
-                and redact it.
-            get_prev_content (bool): If True and event is a state event,
-                include the previous states content in the unsigned field.
-            allow_rejected (bool): If True return rejected events.
-
-        Returns:
-            Deferred : Dict from event_id to event.
-        """
-        events = yield self.get_events_as_list(
-            event_ids,
-            check_redacted=check_redacted,
-            get_prev_content=get_prev_content,
-            allow_rejected=allow_rejected,
-        )
-
-        return {e.event_id: e for e in events}
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_events_as_list(
-        self,
-        event_ids,
-        check_redacted=True,
-        get_prev_content=False,
-        allow_rejected=False,
-    ):
-        """Get events from the database and return in a list in the same order
-        as given by `event_ids` arg.
-
-        Args:
-            event_ids (list): The event_ids of the events to fetch
-            check_redacted (bool): If True, check if event has been redacted
-                and redact it.
-            get_prev_content (bool): If True and event is a state event,
-                include the previous states content in the unsigned field.
-            allow_rejected (bool): If True return rejected events.
-
-        Returns:
-            Deferred[list[EventBase]]: List of events fetched from the database. The
-            events are in the same order as `event_ids` arg.
-
-            Note that the returned list may be smaller than the list of event
-            IDs if not all events could be fetched.
-        """
-
-        if not event_ids:
-            return []
-
-        # there may be duplicates so we cast the list to a set
-        event_entry_map = yield self._get_events_from_cache_or_db(
-            set(event_ids), allow_rejected=allow_rejected
-        )
-
-        events = []
-        for event_id in event_ids:
-            entry = event_entry_map.get(event_id, None)
-            if not entry:
-                continue
-
-            if not allow_rejected:
-                assert not entry.event.rejected_reason, (
-                    "rejected event returned from _get_events_from_cache_or_db despite "
-                    "allow_rejected=False"
-                )
-
-            # We may not have had the original event when we received a redaction, so
-            # we have to recheck auth now.
-
-            if not allow_rejected and entry.event.type == EventTypes.Redaction:
-                if not hasattr(entry.event, "redacts"):
-                    # A redacted redaction doesn't have a `redacts` key, in
-                    # which case lets just withhold the event.
-                    #
-                    # Note: Most of the time if the redactions has been
-                    # redacted we still have the un-redacted event in the DB
-                    # and so we'll still see the `redacts` key. However, this
-                    # isn't always true e.g. if we have censored the event.
-                    logger.debug(
-                        "Withholding redaction event %s as we don't have redacts key",
-                        event_id,
-                    )
-                    continue
-
-                redacted_event_id = entry.event.redacts
-                event_map = yield self._get_events_from_cache_or_db([redacted_event_id])
-                original_event_entry = event_map.get(redacted_event_id)
-                if not original_event_entry:
-                    # we don't have the redacted event (or it was rejected).
-                    #
-                    # We assume that the redaction isn't authorized for now; if the
-                    # redacted event later turns up, the redaction will be re-checked,
-                    # and if it is found valid, the original will get redacted before it
-                    # is served to the client.
-                    logger.debug(
-                        "Withholding redaction event %s since we don't (yet) have the "
-                        "original %s",
-                        event_id,
-                        redacted_event_id,
-                    )
-                    continue
-
-                original_event = original_event_entry.event
-                if original_event.type == EventTypes.Create:
-                    # we never serve redactions of Creates to clients.
-                    logger.info(
-                        "Withholding redaction %s of create event %s",
-                        event_id,
-                        redacted_event_id,
-                    )
-                    continue
-
-                if original_event.room_id != entry.event.room_id:
-                    logger.info(
-                        "Withholding redaction %s of event %s from a different room",
-                        event_id,
-                        redacted_event_id,
-                    )
-                    continue
-
-                if entry.event.internal_metadata.need_to_check_redaction():
-                    original_domain = get_domain_from_id(original_event.sender)
-                    redaction_domain = get_domain_from_id(entry.event.sender)
-                    if original_domain != redaction_domain:
-                        # the senders don't match, so this is forbidden
-                        logger.info(
-                            "Withholding redaction %s whose sender domain %s doesn't "
-                            "match that of redacted event %s %s",
-                            event_id,
-                            redaction_domain,
-                            redacted_event_id,
-                            original_domain,
-                        )
-                        continue
-
-                    # Update the cache to save doing the checks again.
-                    entry.event.internal_metadata.recheck_redaction = False
-
-            if check_redacted and entry.redacted_event:
-                event = entry.redacted_event
-            else:
-                event = entry.event
-
-            events.append(event)
-
-            if get_prev_content:
-                if "replaces_state" in event.unsigned:
-                    prev = yield self.get_event(
-                        event.unsigned["replaces_state"],
-                        get_prev_content=False,
-                        allow_none=True,
-                    )
-                    if prev:
-                        event.unsigned = dict(event.unsigned)
-                        event.unsigned["prev_content"] = prev.content
-                        event.unsigned["prev_sender"] = prev.sender
-
-        return events
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _get_events_from_cache_or_db(self, event_ids, allow_rejected=False):
-        """Fetch a bunch of events from the cache or the database.
-
-        If events are pulled from the database, they will be cached for future lookups.
-
-        Args:
-            event_ids (Iterable[str]): The event_ids of the events to fetch
-            allow_rejected (bool): Whether to include rejected events
-
-        Returns:
-            Deferred[Dict[str, _EventCacheEntry]]:
-                map from event id to result
-        """
-        event_entry_map = self._get_events_from_cache(
-            event_ids, allow_rejected=allow_rejected
-        )
-
-        missing_events_ids = [e for e in event_ids if e not in event_entry_map]
-
-        if missing_events_ids:
-            log_ctx = LoggingContext.current_context()
-            log_ctx.record_event_fetch(len(missing_events_ids))
-
-            # Note that _get_events_from_db is also responsible for turning db rows
-            # into FrozenEvents (via _get_event_from_row), which involves seeing if
-            # the events have been redacted, and if so pulling the redaction event out
-            # of the database to check it.
-            #
-            missing_events = yield self._get_events_from_db(
-                missing_events_ids, allow_rejected=allow_rejected
-            )
-
-            event_entry_map.update(missing_events)
-
-        return event_entry_map
-
-    def _invalidate_get_event_cache(self, event_id):
-        self._get_event_cache.invalidate((event_id,))
-
-    def _get_events_from_cache(self, events, allow_rejected, update_metrics=True):
-        """Fetch events from the caches
-
-        Args:
-            events (Iterable[str]): list of event_ids to fetch
-            allow_rejected (bool): Whether to return events that were rejected
-            update_metrics (bool): Whether to update the cache hit ratio metrics
-
-        Returns:
-            dict of event_id -> _EventCacheEntry for each event_id in cache. If
-            allow_rejected is `False` then there will still be an entry but it
-            will be `None`
-        """
-        event_map = {}
-
-        for event_id in events:
-            ret = self._get_event_cache.get(
-                (event_id,), None, update_metrics=update_metrics
-            )
-            if not ret:
-                continue
-
-            if allow_rejected or not ret.event.rejected_reason:
-                event_map[event_id] = ret
-            else:
-                event_map[event_id] = None
-
-        return event_map
-
-    def _do_fetch(self, conn):
-        """Takes a database connection and waits for requests for events from
-        the _event_fetch_list queue.
-        """
-        i = 0
-        while True:
-            with self._event_fetch_lock:
-                event_list = self._event_fetch_list
-                self._event_fetch_list = []
-
-                if not event_list:
-                    single_threaded = self.database_engine.single_threaded
-                    if single_threaded or i > EVENT_QUEUE_ITERATIONS:
-                        self._event_fetch_ongoing -= 1
-                        return
-                    else:
-                        self._event_fetch_lock.wait(EVENT_QUEUE_TIMEOUT_S)
-                        i += 1
-                        continue
-                i = 0
-
-            self._fetch_event_list(conn, event_list)
-
-    def _fetch_event_list(self, conn, event_list):
-        """Handle a load of requests from the _event_fetch_list queue
-
-        Args:
-            conn (twisted.enterprise.adbapi.Connection): database connection
-
-            event_list (list[Tuple[list[str], Deferred]]):
-                The fetch requests. Each entry consists of a list of event
-                ids to be fetched, and a deferred to be completed once the
-                events have been fetched.
-
-                The deferreds are callbacked with a dictionary mapping from event id
-                to event row. Note that it may well contain additional events that
-                were not part of this request.
-        """
-        with Measure(self._clock, "_fetch_event_list"):
-            try:
-                events_to_fetch = set(
-                    event_id for events, _ in event_list for event_id in events
-                )
-
-                row_dict = self._new_transaction(
-                    conn, "do_fetch", [], [], self._fetch_event_rows, events_to_fetch
-                )
-
-                # We only want to resolve deferreds from the main thread
-                def fire():
-                    for _, d in event_list:
-                        d.callback(row_dict)
-
-                with PreserveLoggingContext():
-                    self.hs.get_reactor().callFromThread(fire)
-            except Exception as e:
-                logger.exception("do_fetch")
-
-                # We only want to resolve deferreds from the main thread
-                def fire(evs, exc):
-                    for _, d in evs:
-                        if not d.called:
-                            with PreserveLoggingContext():
-                                d.errback(exc)
-
-                with PreserveLoggingContext():
-                    self.hs.get_reactor().callFromThread(fire, event_list, e)
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _get_events_from_db(self, event_ids, allow_rejected=False):
-        """Fetch a bunch of events from the database.
-
-        Returned events will be added to the cache for future lookups.
-
-        Args:
-            event_ids (Iterable[str]): The event_ids of the events to fetch
-            allow_rejected (bool): Whether to include rejected events
-
-        Returns:
-            Deferred[Dict[str, _EventCacheEntry]]:
-                map from event id to result. May return extra events which
-                weren't asked for.
-        """
-        fetched_events = {}
-        events_to_fetch = event_ids
-
-        while events_to_fetch:
-            row_map = yield self._enqueue_events(events_to_fetch)
-
-            # we need to recursively fetch any redactions of those events
-            redaction_ids = set()
-            for event_id in events_to_fetch:
-                row = row_map.get(event_id)
-                fetched_events[event_id] = row
-                if row:
-                    redaction_ids.update(row["redactions"])
-
-            events_to_fetch = redaction_ids.difference(fetched_events.keys())
-            if events_to_fetch:
-                logger.debug("Also fetching redaction events %s", events_to_fetch)
-
-        # build a map from event_id to EventBase
-        event_map = {}
-        for event_id, row in fetched_events.items():
-            if not row:
-                continue
-            assert row["event_id"] == event_id
-
-            rejected_reason = row["rejected_reason"]
-
-            if not allow_rejected and rejected_reason:
-                continue
-
-            d = json.loads(row["json"])
-            internal_metadata = json.loads(row["internal_metadata"])
-
-            format_version = row["format_version"]
-            if format_version is None:
-                # This means that we stored the event before we had the concept
-                # of a event format version, so it must be a V1 event.
-                format_version = EventFormatVersions.V1
-
-            original_ev = event_type_from_format_version(format_version)(
-                event_dict=d,
-                internal_metadata_dict=internal_metadata,
-                rejected_reason=rejected_reason,
-            )
-
-            event_map[event_id] = original_ev
-
-        # finally, we can decide whether each one nededs redacting, and build
-        # the cache entries.
-        result_map = {}
-        for event_id, original_ev in event_map.items():
-            redactions = fetched_events[event_id]["redactions"]
-            redacted_event = self._maybe_redact_event_row(
-                original_ev, redactions, event_map
-            )
-
-            cache_entry = _EventCacheEntry(
-                event=original_ev, redacted_event=redacted_event
-            )
-
-            self._get_event_cache.prefill((event_id,), cache_entry)
-            result_map[event_id] = cache_entry
-
-        return result_map
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _enqueue_events(self, events):
-        """Fetches events from the database using the _event_fetch_list. This
-        allows batch and bulk fetching of events - it allows us to fetch events
-        without having to create a new transaction for each request for events.
-
-        Args:
-            events (Iterable[str]): events to be fetched.
-
-        Returns:
-            Deferred[Dict[str, Dict]]: map from event id to row data from the database.
-                May contain events that weren't requested.
-        """
-
-        events_d = defer.Deferred()
-        with self._event_fetch_lock:
-            self._event_fetch_list.append((events, events_d))
-
-            self._event_fetch_lock.notify()
-
-            if self._event_fetch_ongoing < EVENT_QUEUE_THREADS:
-                self._event_fetch_ongoing += 1
-                should_start = True
-            else:
-                should_start = False
-
-        if should_start:
-            run_as_background_process(
-                "fetch_events", self.runWithConnection, self._do_fetch
-            )
-
-        logger.debug("Loading %d events: %s", len(events), events)
-        with PreserveLoggingContext():
-            row_map = yield events_d
-        logger.debug("Loaded %d events (%d rows)", len(events), len(row_map))
-
-        return row_map
-
-    def _fetch_event_rows(self, txn, event_ids):
-        """Fetch event rows from the database
-
-        Events which are not found are omitted from the result.
-
-        The returned per-event dicts contain the following keys:
-
-         * event_id (str)
-
-         * json (str): json-encoded event structure
-
-         * internal_metadata (str): json-encoded internal metadata dict
-
-         * format_version (int|None): The format of the event. Hopefully one
-           of EventFormatVersions. 'None' means the event predates
-           EventFormatVersions (so the event is format V1).
-
-         * rejected_reason (str|None): if the event was rejected, the reason
-           why.
-
-         * redactions (List[str]): a list of event-ids which (claim to) redact
-           this event.
-
-        Args:
-            txn (twisted.enterprise.adbapi.Connection):
-            event_ids (Iterable[str]): event IDs to fetch
-
-        Returns:
-            Dict[str, Dict]: a map from event id to event info.
-        """
-        event_dict = {}
-        for evs in batch_iter(event_ids, 200):
-            sql = (
-                "SELECT "
-                " e.event_id, "
-                " e.internal_metadata,"
-                " e.json,"
-                " e.format_version, "
-                " rej.reason "
-                " FROM event_json as e"
-                " LEFT JOIN rejections as rej USING (event_id)"
-                " WHERE "
-            )
-
-            clause, args = make_in_list_sql_clause(
-                txn.database_engine, "e.event_id", evs
-            )
-
-            txn.execute(sql + clause, args)
-
-            for row in txn:
-                event_id = row[0]
-                event_dict[event_id] = {
-                    "event_id": event_id,
-                    "internal_metadata": row[1],
-                    "json": row[2],
-                    "format_version": row[3],
-                    "rejected_reason": row[4],
-                    "redactions": [],
-                }
-
-            # check for redactions
-            redactions_sql = "SELECT event_id, redacts FROM redactions WHERE "
-
-            clause, args = make_in_list_sql_clause(txn.database_engine, "redacts", evs)
-
-            txn.execute(redactions_sql + clause, args)
-
-            for (redacter, redacted) in txn:
-                d = event_dict.get(redacted)
-                if d:
-                    d["redactions"].append(redacter)
-
-        return event_dict
-
-    def _maybe_redact_event_row(self, original_ev, redactions, event_map):
-        """Given an event object and a list of possible redacting event ids,
-        determine whether to honour any of those redactions and if so return a redacted
-        event.
-
-        Args:
-             original_ev (EventBase):
-             redactions (iterable[str]): list of event ids of potential redaction events
-             event_map (dict[str, EventBase]): other events which have been fetched, in
-                 which we can look up the redaaction events. Map from event id to event.
-
-        Returns:
-            Deferred[EventBase|None]: if the event should be redacted, a pruned
-                event object. Otherwise, None.
-        """
-        if original_ev.type == "m.room.create":
-            # we choose to ignore redactions of m.room.create events.
-            return None
-
-        for redaction_id in redactions:
-            redaction_event = event_map.get(redaction_id)
-            if not redaction_event or redaction_event.rejected_reason:
-                # we don't have the redaction event, or the redaction event was not
-                # authorized.
-                logger.debug(
-                    "%s was redacted by %s but redaction not found/authed",
-                    original_ev.event_id,
-                    redaction_id,
-                )
-                continue
-
-            if redaction_event.room_id != original_ev.room_id:
-                logger.debug(
-                    "%s was redacted by %s but redaction was in a different room!",
-                    original_ev.event_id,
-                    redaction_id,
-                )
-                continue
-
-            # Starting in room version v3, some redactions need to be
-            # rechecked if we didn't have the redacted event at the
-            # time, so we recheck on read instead.
-            if redaction_event.internal_metadata.need_to_check_redaction():
-                expected_domain = get_domain_from_id(original_ev.sender)
-                if get_domain_from_id(redaction_event.sender) == expected_domain:
-                    # This redaction event is allowed. Mark as not needing a recheck.
-                    redaction_event.internal_metadata.recheck_redaction = False
-                else:
-                    # Senders don't match, so the event isn't actually redacted
-                    logger.debug(
-                        "%s was redacted by %s but the senders don't match",
-                        original_ev.event_id,
-                        redaction_id,
-                    )
-                    continue
-
-            logger.debug("Redacting %s due to %s", original_ev.event_id, redaction_id)
-
-            # we found a good redaction event. Redact!
-            redacted_event = prune_event(original_ev)
-            redacted_event.unsigned["redacted_by"] = redaction_id
-
-            # It's fine to add the event directly, since get_pdu_json
-            # will serialise this field correctly
-            redacted_event.unsigned["redacted_because"] = redaction_event
-
-            return redacted_event
-
-        # no valid redaction found for this event
-        return None
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def have_events_in_timeline(self, event_ids):
-        """Given a list of event ids, check if we have already processed and
-        stored them as non outliers.
-        """
-        rows = yield self._simple_select_many_batch(
-            table="events",
-            retcols=("event_id",),
-            column="event_id",
-            iterable=list(event_ids),
-            keyvalues={"outlier": False},
-            desc="have_events_in_timeline",
-        )
-
-        return set(r["event_id"] for r in rows)
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def have_seen_events(self, event_ids):
-        """Given a list of event ids, check if we have already processed them.
-
-        Args:
-            event_ids (iterable[str]):
-
-        Returns:
-            Deferred[set[str]]: The events we have already seen.
-        """
-        results = set()
-
-        def have_seen_events_txn(txn, chunk):
-            sql = "SELECT event_id FROM events as e WHERE "
-            clause, args = make_in_list_sql_clause(
-                txn.database_engine, "e.event_id", chunk
-            )
-            txn.execute(sql + clause, args)
-            for (event_id,) in txn:
-                results.add(event_id)
-
-        # break the input up into chunks of 100
-        input_iterator = iter(event_ids)
-        for chunk in iter(lambda: list(itertools.islice(input_iterator, 100)), []):
-            yield self.runInteraction("have_seen_events", have_seen_events_txn, chunk)
-        return results
-
-    def get_seen_events_with_rejections(self, event_ids):
-        """Given a list of event ids, check if we rejected them.
-
-        Args:
-            event_ids (list[str])
-
-        Returns:
-            Deferred[dict[str, str|None):
-                Has an entry for each event id we already have seen. Maps to
-                the rejected reason string if we rejected the event, else maps
-                to None.
-        """
-        if not event_ids:
-            return defer.succeed({})
-
-        def f(txn):
-            sql = (
-                "SELECT e.event_id, reason FROM events as e "
-                "LEFT JOIN rejections as r ON e.event_id = r.event_id "
-                "WHERE e.event_id = ?"
-            )
-
-            res = {}
-            for event_id in event_ids:
-                txn.execute(sql, (event_id,))
-                row = txn.fetchone()
-                if row:
-                    _, rejected = row
-                    res[event_id] = rejected
-
-            return res
-
-        return self.runInteraction("get_seen_events_with_rejections", f)
-
-    def _get_total_state_event_counts_txn(self, txn, room_id):
-        """
-        See get_total_state_event_counts.
-        """
-        # We join against the events table as that has an index on room_id
-        sql = """
-            SELECT COUNT(*) FROM state_events
-            INNER JOIN events USING (room_id, event_id)
-            WHERE room_id=?
-        """
-        txn.execute(sql, (room_id,))
-        row = txn.fetchone()
-        return row[0] if row else 0
-
-    def get_total_state_event_counts(self, room_id):
-        """
-        Gets the total number of state events in a room.
-
-        Args:
-            room_id (str)
-
-        Returns:
-            Deferred[int]
-        """
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "get_total_state_event_counts",
-            self._get_total_state_event_counts_txn,
-            room_id,
-        )
-
-    def _get_current_state_event_counts_txn(self, txn, room_id):
-        """
-        See get_current_state_event_counts.
-        """
-        sql = "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM current_state_events WHERE room_id=?"
-        txn.execute(sql, (room_id,))
-        row = txn.fetchone()
-        return row[0] if row else 0
-
-    def get_current_state_event_counts(self, room_id):
-        """
-        Gets the current number of state events in a room.
-
-        Args:
-            room_id (str)
-
-        Returns:
-            Deferred[int]
-        """
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "get_current_state_event_counts",
-            self._get_current_state_event_counts_txn,
-            room_id,
-        )
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_room_complexity(self, room_id):
-        """
-        Get a rough approximation of the complexity of the room. This is used by
-        remote servers to decide whether they wish to join the room or not.
-        Higher complexity value indicates that being in the room will consume
-        more resources.
-
-        Args:
-            room_id (str)
-
-        Returns:
-            Deferred[dict[str:int]] of complexity version to complexity.
-        """
-        state_events = yield self.get_current_state_event_counts(room_id)
-
-        # Call this one "v1", so we can introduce new ones as we want to develop
-        # it.
-        complexity_v1 = round(state_events / 500, 2)
-
-        return {"v1": complexity_v1}
diff --git a/synapse/storage/filtering.py b/synapse/storage/filtering.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 7c2a7da836..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/filtering.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,75 +0,0 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-# Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-
-from canonicaljson import encode_canonical_json
-
-from synapse.api.errors import Codes, SynapseError
-from synapse.util.caches.descriptors import cachedInlineCallbacks
-
-from ._base import SQLBaseStore, db_to_json
-
-
-class FilteringStore(SQLBaseStore):
-    @cachedInlineCallbacks(num_args=2)
-    def get_user_filter(self, user_localpart, filter_id):
-        # filter_id is BIGINT UNSIGNED, so if it isn't a number, fail
-        # with a coherent error message rather than 500 M_UNKNOWN.
-        try:
-            int(filter_id)
-        except ValueError:
-            raise SynapseError(400, "Invalid filter ID", Codes.INVALID_PARAM)
-
-        def_json = yield self._simple_select_one_onecol(
-            table="user_filters",
-            keyvalues={"user_id": user_localpart, "filter_id": filter_id},
-            retcol="filter_json",
-            allow_none=False,
-            desc="get_user_filter",
-        )
-
-        return db_to_json(def_json)
-
-    def add_user_filter(self, user_localpart, user_filter):
-        def_json = encode_canonical_json(user_filter)
-
-        # Need an atomic transaction to SELECT the maximal ID so far then
-        # INSERT a new one
-        def _do_txn(txn):
-            sql = (
-                "SELECT filter_id FROM user_filters "
-                "WHERE user_id = ? AND filter_json = ?"
-            )
-            txn.execute(sql, (user_localpart, bytearray(def_json)))
-            filter_id_response = txn.fetchone()
-            if filter_id_response is not None:
-                return filter_id_response[0]
-
-            sql = "SELECT MAX(filter_id) FROM user_filters " "WHERE user_id = ?"
-            txn.execute(sql, (user_localpart,))
-            max_id = txn.fetchone()[0]
-            if max_id is None:
-                filter_id = 0
-            else:
-                filter_id = max_id + 1
-
-            sql = (
-                "INSERT INTO user_filters (user_id, filter_id, filter_json)"
-                "VALUES(?, ?, ?)"
-            )
-            txn.execute(sql, (user_localpart, filter_id, bytearray(def_json)))
-
-            return filter_id
-
-        return self.runInteraction("add_user_filter", _do_txn)
diff --git a/synapse/storage/group_server.py b/synapse/storage/group_server.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 15b01c6958..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/group_server.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,1181 +0,0 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-# Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
-# Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-
-from canonicaljson import json
-
-from twisted.internet import defer
-
-from synapse.api.errors import SynapseError
-
-from ._base import SQLBaseStore
-
-# The category ID for the "default" category. We don't store as null in the
-# database to avoid the fun of null != null
-_DEFAULT_CATEGORY_ID = ""
-_DEFAULT_ROLE_ID = ""
-
-
-class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
-    def set_group_join_policy(self, group_id, join_policy):
-        """Set the join policy of a group.
-
-        join_policy can be one of:
-         * "invite"
-         * "open"
-        """
-        return self._simple_update_one(
-            table="groups",
-            keyvalues={"group_id": group_id},
-            updatevalues={"join_policy": join_policy},
-            desc="set_group_join_policy",
-        )
-
-    def get_group(self, group_id):
-        return self._simple_select_one(
-            table="groups",
-            keyvalues={"group_id": group_id},
-            retcols=(
-                "name",
-                "short_description",
-                "long_description",
-                "avatar_url",
-                "is_public",
-                "join_policy",
-            ),
-            allow_none=True,
-            desc="get_group",
-        )
-
-    def get_users_in_group(self, group_id, include_private=False):
-        # TODO: Pagination
-
-        keyvalues = {"group_id": group_id}
-        if not include_private:
-            keyvalues["is_public"] = True
-
-        return self._simple_select_list(
-            table="group_users",
-            keyvalues=keyvalues,
-            retcols=("user_id", "is_public", "is_admin"),
-            desc="get_users_in_group",
-        )
-
-    def get_invited_users_in_group(self, group_id):
-        # TODO: Pagination
-
-        return self._simple_select_onecol(
-            table="group_invites",
-            keyvalues={"group_id": group_id},
-            retcol="user_id",
-            desc="get_invited_users_in_group",
-        )
-
-    def get_rooms_in_group(self, group_id, include_private=False):
-        # TODO: Pagination
-
-        keyvalues = {"group_id": group_id}
-        if not include_private:
-            keyvalues["is_public"] = True
-
-        return self._simple_select_list(
-            table="group_rooms",
-            keyvalues=keyvalues,
-            retcols=("room_id", "is_public"),
-            desc="get_rooms_in_group",
-        )
-
-    def get_rooms_for_summary_by_category(self, group_id, include_private=False):
-        """Get the rooms and categories that should be included in a summary request
-
-        Returns ([rooms], [categories])
-        """
-
-        def _get_rooms_for_summary_txn(txn):
-            keyvalues = {"group_id": group_id}
-            if not include_private:
-                keyvalues["is_public"] = True
-
-            sql = """
-                SELECT room_id, is_public, category_id, room_order
-                FROM group_summary_rooms
-                WHERE group_id = ?
-            """
-
-            if not include_private:
-                sql += " AND is_public = ?"
-                txn.execute(sql, (group_id, True))
-            else:
-                txn.execute(sql, (group_id,))
-
-            rooms = [
-                {
-                    "room_id": row[0],
-                    "is_public": row[1],
-                    "category_id": row[2] if row[2] != _DEFAULT_CATEGORY_ID else None,
-                    "order": row[3],
-                }
-                for row in txn
-            ]
-
-            sql = """
-                SELECT category_id, is_public, profile, cat_order
-                FROM group_summary_room_categories
-                INNER JOIN group_room_categories USING (group_id, category_id)
-                WHERE group_id = ?
-            """
-
-            if not include_private:
-                sql += " AND is_public = ?"
-                txn.execute(sql, (group_id, True))
-            else:
-                txn.execute(sql, (group_id,))
-
-            categories = {
-                row[0]: {
-                    "is_public": row[1],
-                    "profile": json.loads(row[2]),
-                    "order": row[3],
-                }
-                for row in txn
-            }
-
-            return rooms, categories
-
-        return self.runInteraction("get_rooms_for_summary", _get_rooms_for_summary_txn)
-
-    def add_room_to_summary(self, group_id, room_id, category_id, order, is_public):
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "add_room_to_summary",
-            self._add_room_to_summary_txn,
-            group_id,
-            room_id,
-            category_id,
-            order,
-            is_public,
-        )
-
-    def _add_room_to_summary_txn(
-        self, txn, group_id, room_id, category_id, order, is_public
-    ):
-        """Add (or update) room's entry in summary.
-
-        Args:
-            group_id (str)
-            room_id (str)
-            category_id (str): If not None then adds the category to the end of
-                the summary if its not already there. [Optional]
-            order (int): If not None inserts the room at that position, e.g.
-                an order of 1 will put the room first. Otherwise, the room gets
-                added to the end.
-        """
-        room_in_group = self._simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
-            txn,
-            table="group_rooms",
-            keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "room_id": room_id},
-            retcol="room_id",
-            allow_none=True,
-        )
-        if not room_in_group:
-            raise SynapseError(400, "room not in group")
-
-        if category_id is None:
-            category_id = _DEFAULT_CATEGORY_ID
-        else:
-            cat_exists = self._simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
-                txn,
-                table="group_room_categories",
-                keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "category_id": category_id},
-                retcol="group_id",
-                allow_none=True,
-            )
-            if not cat_exists:
-                raise SynapseError(400, "Category doesn't exist")
-
-            # TODO: Check category is part of summary already
-            cat_exists = self._simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
-                txn,
-                table="group_summary_room_categories",
-                keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "category_id": category_id},
-                retcol="group_id",
-                allow_none=True,
-            )
-            if not cat_exists:
-                # If not, add it with an order larger than all others
-                txn.execute(
-                    """
-                    INSERT INTO group_summary_room_categories
-                    (group_id, category_id, cat_order)
-                    SELECT ?, ?, COALESCE(MAX(cat_order), 0) + 1
-                    FROM group_summary_room_categories
-                    WHERE group_id = ? AND category_id = ?
-                """,
-                    (group_id, category_id, group_id, category_id),
-                )
-
-        existing = self._simple_select_one_txn(
-            txn,
-            table="group_summary_rooms",
-            keyvalues={
-                "group_id": group_id,
-                "room_id": room_id,
-                "category_id": category_id,
-            },
-            retcols=("room_order", "is_public"),
-            allow_none=True,
-        )
-
-        if order is not None:
-            # Shuffle other room orders that come after the given order
-            sql = """
-                UPDATE group_summary_rooms SET room_order = room_order + 1
-                WHERE group_id = ? AND category_id = ? AND room_order >= ?
-            """
-            txn.execute(sql, (group_id, category_id, order))
-        elif not existing:
-            sql = """
-                SELECT COALESCE(MAX(room_order), 0) + 1 FROM group_summary_rooms
-                WHERE group_id = ? AND category_id = ?
-            """
-            txn.execute(sql, (group_id, category_id))
-            order, = txn.fetchone()
-
-        if existing:
-            to_update = {}
-            if order is not None:
-                to_update["room_order"] = order
-            if is_public is not None:
-                to_update["is_public"] = is_public
-            self._simple_update_txn(
-                txn,
-                table="group_summary_rooms",
-                keyvalues={
-                    "group_id": group_id,
-                    "category_id": category_id,
-                    "room_id": room_id,
-                },
-                values=to_update,
-            )
-        else:
-            if is_public is None:
-                is_public = True
-
-            self._simple_insert_txn(
-                txn,
-                table="group_summary_rooms",
-                values={
-                    "group_id": group_id,
-                    "category_id": category_id,
-                    "room_id": room_id,
-                    "room_order": order,
-                    "is_public": is_public,
-                },
-            )
-
-    def remove_room_from_summary(self, group_id, room_id, category_id):
-        if category_id is None:
-            category_id = _DEFAULT_CATEGORY_ID
-
-        return self._simple_delete(
-            table="group_summary_rooms",
-            keyvalues={
-                "group_id": group_id,
-                "category_id": category_id,
-                "room_id": room_id,
-            },
-            desc="remove_room_from_summary",
-        )
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_group_categories(self, group_id):
-        rows = yield self._simple_select_list(
-            table="group_room_categories",
-            keyvalues={"group_id": group_id},
-            retcols=("category_id", "is_public", "profile"),
-            desc="get_group_categories",
-        )
-
-        return {
-            row["category_id"]: {
-                "is_public": row["is_public"],
-                "profile": json.loads(row["profile"]),
-            }
-            for row in rows
-        }
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_group_category(self, group_id, category_id):
-        category = yield self._simple_select_one(
-            table="group_room_categories",
-            keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "category_id": category_id},
-            retcols=("is_public", "profile"),
-            desc="get_group_category",
-        )
-
-        category["profile"] = json.loads(category["profile"])
-
-        return category
-
-    def upsert_group_category(self, group_id, category_id, profile, is_public):
-        """Add/update room category for group
-        """
-        insertion_values = {}
-        update_values = {"category_id": category_id}  # This cannot be empty
-
-        if profile is None:
-            insertion_values["profile"] = "{}"
-        else:
-            update_values["profile"] = json.dumps(profile)
-
-        if is_public is None:
-            insertion_values["is_public"] = True
-        else:
-            update_values["is_public"] = is_public
-
-        return self._simple_upsert(
-            table="group_room_categories",
-            keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "category_id": category_id},
-            values=update_values,
-            insertion_values=insertion_values,
-            desc="upsert_group_category",
-        )
-
-    def remove_group_category(self, group_id, category_id):
-        return self._simple_delete(
-            table="group_room_categories",
-            keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "category_id": category_id},
-            desc="remove_group_category",
-        )
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_group_roles(self, group_id):
-        rows = yield self._simple_select_list(
-            table="group_roles",
-            keyvalues={"group_id": group_id},
-            retcols=("role_id", "is_public", "profile"),
-            desc="get_group_roles",
-        )
-
-        return {
-            row["role_id"]: {
-                "is_public": row["is_public"],
-                "profile": json.loads(row["profile"]),
-            }
-            for row in rows
-        }
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_group_role(self, group_id, role_id):
-        role = yield self._simple_select_one(
-            table="group_roles",
-            keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "role_id": role_id},
-            retcols=("is_public", "profile"),
-            desc="get_group_role",
-        )
-
-        role["profile"] = json.loads(role["profile"])
-
-        return role
-
-    def upsert_group_role(self, group_id, role_id, profile, is_public):
-        """Add/remove user role
-        """
-        insertion_values = {}
-        update_values = {"role_id": role_id}  # This cannot be empty
-
-        if profile is None:
-            insertion_values["profile"] = "{}"
-        else:
-            update_values["profile"] = json.dumps(profile)
-
-        if is_public is None:
-            insertion_values["is_public"] = True
-        else:
-            update_values["is_public"] = is_public
-
-        return self._simple_upsert(
-            table="group_roles",
-            keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "role_id": role_id},
-            values=update_values,
-            insertion_values=insertion_values,
-            desc="upsert_group_role",
-        )
-
-    def remove_group_role(self, group_id, role_id):
-        return self._simple_delete(
-            table="group_roles",
-            keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "role_id": role_id},
-            desc="remove_group_role",
-        )
-
-    def add_user_to_summary(self, group_id, user_id, role_id, order, is_public):
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "add_user_to_summary",
-            self._add_user_to_summary_txn,
-            group_id,
-            user_id,
-            role_id,
-            order,
-            is_public,
-        )
-
-    def _add_user_to_summary_txn(
-        self, txn, group_id, user_id, role_id, order, is_public
-    ):
-        """Add (or update) user's entry in summary.
-
-        Args:
-            group_id (str)
-            user_id (str)
-            role_id (str): If not None then adds the role to the end of
-                the summary if its not already there. [Optional]
-            order (int): If not None inserts the user at that position, e.g.
-                an order of 1 will put the user first. Otherwise, the user gets
-                added to the end.
-        """
-        user_in_group = self._simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
-            txn,
-            table="group_users",
-            keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
-            retcol="user_id",
-            allow_none=True,
-        )
-        if not user_in_group:
-            raise SynapseError(400, "user not in group")
-
-        if role_id is None:
-            role_id = _DEFAULT_ROLE_ID
-        else:
-            role_exists = self._simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
-                txn,
-                table="group_roles",
-                keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "role_id": role_id},
-                retcol="group_id",
-                allow_none=True,
-            )
-            if not role_exists:
-                raise SynapseError(400, "Role doesn't exist")
-
-            # TODO: Check role is part of the summary already
-            role_exists = self._simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
-                txn,
-                table="group_summary_roles",
-                keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "role_id": role_id},
-                retcol="group_id",
-                allow_none=True,
-            )
-            if not role_exists:
-                # If not, add it with an order larger than all others
-                txn.execute(
-                    """
-                    INSERT INTO group_summary_roles
-                    (group_id, role_id, role_order)
-                    SELECT ?, ?, COALESCE(MAX(role_order), 0) + 1
-                    FROM group_summary_roles
-                    WHERE group_id = ? AND role_id = ?
-                """,
-                    (group_id, role_id, group_id, role_id),
-                )
-
-        existing = self._simple_select_one_txn(
-            txn,
-            table="group_summary_users",
-            keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id, "role_id": role_id},
-            retcols=("user_order", "is_public"),
-            allow_none=True,
-        )
-
-        if order is not None:
-            # Shuffle other users orders that come after the given order
-            sql = """
-                UPDATE group_summary_users SET user_order = user_order + 1
-                WHERE group_id = ? AND role_id = ? AND user_order >= ?
-            """
-            txn.execute(sql, (group_id, role_id, order))
-        elif not existing:
-            sql = """
-                SELECT COALESCE(MAX(user_order), 0) + 1 FROM group_summary_users
-                WHERE group_id = ? AND role_id = ?
-            """
-            txn.execute(sql, (group_id, role_id))
-            order, = txn.fetchone()
-
-        if existing:
-            to_update = {}
-            if order is not None:
-                to_update["user_order"] = order
-            if is_public is not None:
-                to_update["is_public"] = is_public
-            self._simple_update_txn(
-                txn,
-                table="group_summary_users",
-                keyvalues={
-                    "group_id": group_id,
-                    "role_id": role_id,
-                    "user_id": user_id,
-                },
-                values=to_update,
-            )
-        else:
-            if is_public is None:
-                is_public = True
-
-            self._simple_insert_txn(
-                txn,
-                table="group_summary_users",
-                values={
-                    "group_id": group_id,
-                    "role_id": role_id,
-                    "user_id": user_id,
-                    "user_order": order,
-                    "is_public": is_public,
-                },
-            )
-
-    def remove_user_from_summary(self, group_id, user_id, role_id):
-        if role_id is None:
-            role_id = _DEFAULT_ROLE_ID
-
-        return self._simple_delete(
-            table="group_summary_users",
-            keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "role_id": role_id, "user_id": user_id},
-            desc="remove_user_from_summary",
-        )
-
-    def get_users_for_summary_by_role(self, group_id, include_private=False):
-        """Get the users and roles that should be included in a summary request
-
-        Returns ([users], [roles])
-        """
-
-        def _get_users_for_summary_txn(txn):
-            keyvalues = {"group_id": group_id}
-            if not include_private:
-                keyvalues["is_public"] = True
-
-            sql = """
-                SELECT user_id, is_public, role_id, user_order
-                FROM group_summary_users
-                WHERE group_id = ?
-            """
-
-            if not include_private:
-                sql += " AND is_public = ?"
-                txn.execute(sql, (group_id, True))
-            else:
-                txn.execute(sql, (group_id,))
-
-            users = [
-                {
-                    "user_id": row[0],
-                    "is_public": row[1],
-                    "role_id": row[2] if row[2] != _DEFAULT_ROLE_ID else None,
-                    "order": row[3],
-                }
-                for row in txn
-            ]
-
-            sql = """
-                SELECT role_id, is_public, profile, role_order
-                FROM group_summary_roles
-                INNER JOIN group_roles USING (group_id, role_id)
-                WHERE group_id = ?
-            """
-
-            if not include_private:
-                sql += " AND is_public = ?"
-                txn.execute(sql, (group_id, True))
-            else:
-                txn.execute(sql, (group_id,))
-
-            roles = {
-                row[0]: {
-                    "is_public": row[1],
-                    "profile": json.loads(row[2]),
-                    "order": row[3],
-                }
-                for row in txn
-            }
-
-            return users, roles
-
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "get_users_for_summary_by_role", _get_users_for_summary_txn
-        )
-
-    def is_user_in_group(self, user_id, group_id):
-        return self._simple_select_one_onecol(
-            table="group_users",
-            keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
-            retcol="user_id",
-            allow_none=True,
-            desc="is_user_in_group",
-        ).addCallback(lambda r: bool(r))
-
-    def is_user_admin_in_group(self, group_id, user_id):
-        return self._simple_select_one_onecol(
-            table="group_users",
-            keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
-            retcol="is_admin",
-            allow_none=True,
-            desc="is_user_admin_in_group",
-        )
-
-    def add_group_invite(self, group_id, user_id):
-        """Record that the group server has invited a user
-        """
-        return self._simple_insert(
-            table="group_invites",
-            values={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
-            desc="add_group_invite",
-        )
-
-    def is_user_invited_to_local_group(self, group_id, user_id):
-        """Has the group server invited a user?
-        """
-        return self._simple_select_one_onecol(
-            table="group_invites",
-            keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
-            retcol="user_id",
-            desc="is_user_invited_to_local_group",
-            allow_none=True,
-        )
-
-    def get_users_membership_info_in_group(self, group_id, user_id):
-        """Get a dict describing the membership of a user in a group.
-
-        Example if joined:
-
-            {
-                "membership": "join",
-                "is_public": True,
-                "is_privileged": False,
-            }
-
-        Returns an empty dict if the user is not join/invite/etc
-        """
-
-        def _get_users_membership_in_group_txn(txn):
-            row = self._simple_select_one_txn(
-                txn,
-                table="group_users",
-                keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
-                retcols=("is_admin", "is_public"),
-                allow_none=True,
-            )
-
-            if row:
-                return {
-                    "membership": "join",
-                    "is_public": row["is_public"],
-                    "is_privileged": row["is_admin"],
-                }
-
-            row = self._simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
-                txn,
-                table="group_invites",
-                keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
-                retcol="user_id",
-                allow_none=True,
-            )
-
-            if row:
-                return {"membership": "invite"}
-
-            return {}
-
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "get_users_membership_info_in_group", _get_users_membership_in_group_txn
-        )
-
-    def add_user_to_group(
-        self,
-        group_id,
-        user_id,
-        is_admin=False,
-        is_public=True,
-        local_attestation=None,
-        remote_attestation=None,
-    ):
-        """Add a user to the group server.
-
-        Args:
-            group_id (str)
-            user_id (str)
-            is_admin (bool)
-            is_public (bool)
-            local_attestation (dict): The attestation the GS created to give
-                to the remote server. Optional if the user and group are on the
-                same server
-            remote_attestation (dict): The attestation given to GS by remote
-                server. Optional if the user and group are on the same server
-        """
-
-        def _add_user_to_group_txn(txn):
-            self._simple_insert_txn(
-                txn,
-                table="group_users",
-                values={
-                    "group_id": group_id,
-                    "user_id": user_id,
-                    "is_admin": is_admin,
-                    "is_public": is_public,
-                },
-            )
-
-            self._simple_delete_txn(
-                txn,
-                table="group_invites",
-                keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
-            )
-
-            if local_attestation:
-                self._simple_insert_txn(
-                    txn,
-                    table="group_attestations_renewals",
-                    values={
-                        "group_id": group_id,
-                        "user_id": user_id,
-                        "valid_until_ms": local_attestation["valid_until_ms"],
-                    },
-                )
-            if remote_attestation:
-                self._simple_insert_txn(
-                    txn,
-                    table="group_attestations_remote",
-                    values={
-                        "group_id": group_id,
-                        "user_id": user_id,
-                        "valid_until_ms": remote_attestation["valid_until_ms"],
-                        "attestation_json": json.dumps(remote_attestation),
-                    },
-                )
-
-        return self.runInteraction("add_user_to_group", _add_user_to_group_txn)
-
-    def remove_user_from_group(self, group_id, user_id):
-        def _remove_user_from_group_txn(txn):
-            self._simple_delete_txn(
-                txn,
-                table="group_users",
-                keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
-            )
-            self._simple_delete_txn(
-                txn,
-                table="group_invites",
-                keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
-            )
-            self._simple_delete_txn(
-                txn,
-                table="group_attestations_renewals",
-                keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
-            )
-            self._simple_delete_txn(
-                txn,
-                table="group_attestations_remote",
-                keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
-            )
-            self._simple_delete_txn(
-                txn,
-                table="group_summary_users",
-                keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
-            )
-
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "remove_user_from_group", _remove_user_from_group_txn
-        )
-
-    def add_room_to_group(self, group_id, room_id, is_public):
-        return self._simple_insert(
-            table="group_rooms",
-            values={"group_id": group_id, "room_id": room_id, "is_public": is_public},
-            desc="add_room_to_group",
-        )
-
-    def update_room_in_group_visibility(self, group_id, room_id, is_public):
-        return self._simple_update(
-            table="group_rooms",
-            keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "room_id": room_id},
-            updatevalues={"is_public": is_public},
-            desc="update_room_in_group_visibility",
-        )
-
-    def remove_room_from_group(self, group_id, room_id):
-        def _remove_room_from_group_txn(txn):
-            self._simple_delete_txn(
-                txn,
-                table="group_rooms",
-                keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "room_id": room_id},
-            )
-
-            self._simple_delete_txn(
-                txn,
-                table="group_summary_rooms",
-                keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "room_id": room_id},
-            )
-
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "remove_room_from_group", _remove_room_from_group_txn
-        )
-
-    def get_publicised_groups_for_user(self, user_id):
-        """Get all groups a user is publicising
-        """
-        return self._simple_select_onecol(
-            table="local_group_membership",
-            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "membership": "join", "is_publicised": True},
-            retcol="group_id",
-            desc="get_publicised_groups_for_user",
-        )
-
-    def update_group_publicity(self, group_id, user_id, publicise):
-        """Update whether the user is publicising their membership of the group
-        """
-        return self._simple_update_one(
-            table="local_group_membership",
-            keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
-            updatevalues={"is_publicised": publicise},
-            desc="update_group_publicity",
-        )
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def register_user_group_membership(
-        self,
-        group_id,
-        user_id,
-        membership,
-        is_admin=False,
-        content={},
-        local_attestation=None,
-        remote_attestation=None,
-        is_publicised=False,
-    ):
-        """Registers that a local user is a member of a (local or remote) group.
-
-        Args:
-            group_id (str)
-            user_id (str)
-            membership (str)
-            is_admin (bool)
-            content (dict): Content of the membership, e.g. includes the inviter
-                if the user has been invited.
-            local_attestation (dict): If remote group then store the fact that we
-                have given out an attestation, else None.
-            remote_attestation (dict): If remote group then store the remote
-                attestation from the group, else None.
-        """
-
-        def _register_user_group_membership_txn(txn, next_id):
-            # TODO: Upsert?
-            self._simple_delete_txn(
-                txn,
-                table="local_group_membership",
-                keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
-            )
-            self._simple_insert_txn(
-                txn,
-                table="local_group_membership",
-                values={
-                    "group_id": group_id,
-                    "user_id": user_id,
-                    "is_admin": is_admin,
-                    "membership": membership,
-                    "is_publicised": is_publicised,
-                    "content": json.dumps(content),
-                },
-            )
-
-            self._simple_insert_txn(
-                txn,
-                table="local_group_updates",
-                values={
-                    "stream_id": next_id,
-                    "group_id": group_id,
-                    "user_id": user_id,
-                    "type": "membership",
-                    "content": json.dumps(
-                        {"membership": membership, "content": content}
-                    ),
-                },
-            )
-            self._group_updates_stream_cache.entity_has_changed(user_id, next_id)
-
-            # TODO: Insert profile to ensure it comes down stream if its a join.
-
-            if membership == "join":
-                if local_attestation:
-                    self._simple_insert_txn(
-                        txn,
-                        table="group_attestations_renewals",
-                        values={
-                            "group_id": group_id,
-                            "user_id": user_id,
-                            "valid_until_ms": local_attestation["valid_until_ms"],
-                        },
-                    )
-                if remote_attestation:
-                    self._simple_insert_txn(
-                        txn,
-                        table="group_attestations_remote",
-                        values={
-                            "group_id": group_id,
-                            "user_id": user_id,
-                            "valid_until_ms": remote_attestation["valid_until_ms"],
-                            "attestation_json": json.dumps(remote_attestation),
-                        },
-                    )
-            else:
-                self._simple_delete_txn(
-                    txn,
-                    table="group_attestations_renewals",
-                    keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
-                )
-                self._simple_delete_txn(
-                    txn,
-                    table="group_attestations_remote",
-                    keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
-                )
-
-            return next_id
-
-        with self._group_updates_id_gen.get_next() as next_id:
-            res = yield self.runInteraction(
-                "register_user_group_membership",
-                _register_user_group_membership_txn,
-                next_id,
-            )
-        return res
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def create_group(
-        self, group_id, user_id, name, avatar_url, short_description, long_description
-    ):
-        yield self._simple_insert(
-            table="groups",
-            values={
-                "group_id": group_id,
-                "name": name,
-                "avatar_url": avatar_url,
-                "short_description": short_description,
-                "long_description": long_description,
-                "is_public": True,
-            },
-            desc="create_group",
-        )
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def update_group_profile(self, group_id, profile):
-        yield self._simple_update_one(
-            table="groups",
-            keyvalues={"group_id": group_id},
-            updatevalues=profile,
-            desc="update_group_profile",
-        )
-
-    def get_attestations_need_renewals(self, valid_until_ms):
-        """Get all attestations that need to be renewed until givent time
-        """
-
-        def _get_attestations_need_renewals_txn(txn):
-            sql = """
-                SELECT group_id, user_id FROM group_attestations_renewals
-                WHERE valid_until_ms <= ?
-            """
-            txn.execute(sql, (valid_until_ms,))
-            return self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
-
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "get_attestations_need_renewals", _get_attestations_need_renewals_txn
-        )
-
-    def update_attestation_renewal(self, group_id, user_id, attestation):
-        """Update an attestation that we have renewed
-        """
-        return self._simple_update_one(
-            table="group_attestations_renewals",
-            keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
-            updatevalues={"valid_until_ms": attestation["valid_until_ms"]},
-            desc="update_attestation_renewal",
-        )
-
-    def update_remote_attestion(self, group_id, user_id, attestation):
-        """Update an attestation that a remote has renewed
-        """
-        return self._simple_update_one(
-            table="group_attestations_remote",
-            keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
-            updatevalues={
-                "valid_until_ms": attestation["valid_until_ms"],
-                "attestation_json": json.dumps(attestation),
-            },
-            desc="update_remote_attestion",
-        )
-
-    def remove_attestation_renewal(self, group_id, user_id):
-        """Remove an attestation that we thought we should renew, but actually
-        shouldn't. Ideally this would never get called as we would never
-        incorrectly try and do attestations for local users on local groups.
-
-        Args:
-            group_id (str)
-            user_id (str)
-        """
-        return self._simple_delete(
-            table="group_attestations_renewals",
-            keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
-            desc="remove_attestation_renewal",
-        )
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_remote_attestation(self, group_id, user_id):
-        """Get the attestation that proves the remote agrees that the user is
-        in the group.
-        """
-        row = yield self._simple_select_one(
-            table="group_attestations_remote",
-            keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
-            retcols=("valid_until_ms", "attestation_json"),
-            desc="get_remote_attestation",
-            allow_none=True,
-        )
-
-        now = int(self._clock.time_msec())
-        if row and now < row["valid_until_ms"]:
-            return json.loads(row["attestation_json"])
-
-        return None
-
-    def get_joined_groups(self, user_id):
-        return self._simple_select_onecol(
-            table="local_group_membership",
-            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "membership": "join"},
-            retcol="group_id",
-            desc="get_joined_groups",
-        )
-
-    def get_all_groups_for_user(self, user_id, now_token):
-        def _get_all_groups_for_user_txn(txn):
-            sql = """
-                SELECT group_id, type, membership, u.content
-                FROM local_group_updates AS u
-                INNER JOIN local_group_membership USING (group_id, user_id)
-                WHERE user_id = ? AND membership != 'leave'
-                    AND stream_id <= ?
-            """
-            txn.execute(sql, (user_id, now_token))
-            return [
-                {
-                    "group_id": row[0],
-                    "type": row[1],
-                    "membership": row[2],
-                    "content": json.loads(row[3]),
-                }
-                for row in txn
-            ]
-
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "get_all_groups_for_user", _get_all_groups_for_user_txn
-        )
-
-    def get_groups_changes_for_user(self, user_id, from_token, to_token):
-        from_token = int(from_token)
-        has_changed = self._group_updates_stream_cache.has_entity_changed(
-            user_id, from_token
-        )
-        if not has_changed:
-            return []
-
-        def _get_groups_changes_for_user_txn(txn):
-            sql = """
-                SELECT group_id, membership, type, u.content
-                FROM local_group_updates AS u
-                INNER JOIN local_group_membership USING (group_id, user_id)
-                WHERE user_id = ? AND ? < stream_id AND stream_id <= ?
-            """
-            txn.execute(sql, (user_id, from_token, to_token))
-            return [
-                {
-                    "group_id": group_id,
-                    "membership": membership,
-                    "type": gtype,
-                    "content": json.loads(content_json),
-                }
-                for group_id, membership, gtype, content_json in txn
-            ]
-
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "get_groups_changes_for_user", _get_groups_changes_for_user_txn
-        )
-
-    def get_all_groups_changes(self, from_token, to_token, limit):
-        from_token = int(from_token)
-        has_changed = self._group_updates_stream_cache.has_any_entity_changed(
-            from_token
-        )
-        if not has_changed:
-            return []
-
-        def _get_all_groups_changes_txn(txn):
-            sql = """
-                SELECT stream_id, group_id, user_id, type, content
-                FROM local_group_updates
-                WHERE ? < stream_id AND stream_id <= ?
-                LIMIT ?
-            """
-            txn.execute(sql, (from_token, to_token, limit))
-            return [
-                (stream_id, group_id, user_id, gtype, json.loads(content_json))
-                for stream_id, group_id, user_id, gtype, content_json in txn
-            ]
-
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "get_all_groups_changes", _get_all_groups_changes_txn
-        )
-
-    def get_group_stream_token(self):
-        return self._group_updates_id_gen.get_current_token()
-
-    def delete_group(self, group_id):
-        """Deletes a group fully from the database.
-
-        Args:
-            group_id (str)
-
-        Returns:
-            Deferred
-        """
-
-        def _delete_group_txn(txn):
-            tables = [
-                "groups",
-                "group_users",
-                "group_invites",
-                "group_rooms",
-                "group_summary_rooms",
-                "group_summary_room_categories",
-                "group_room_categories",
-                "group_summary_users",
-                "group_summary_roles",
-                "group_roles",
-                "group_attestations_renewals",
-                "group_attestations_remote",
-            ]
-
-            for table in tables:
-                self._simple_delete_txn(
-                    txn, table=table, keyvalues={"group_id": group_id}
-                )
-
-        return self.runInteraction("delete_group", _delete_group_txn)
diff --git a/synapse/storage/keys.py b/synapse/storage/keys.py
index e72f89e446..4769b21529 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/keys.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/keys.py
@@ -14,208 +14,14 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-import itertools
 import logging
 
-import six
-
 import attr
-from signedjson.key import decode_verify_key_bytes
-
-from synapse.util import batch_iter
-from synapse.util.caches.descriptors import cached, cachedList
-
-from ._base import SQLBaseStore
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
-# py2 sqlite has buffer hardcoded as only binary type, so we must use it,
-# despite being deprecated and removed in favor of memoryview
-if six.PY2:
-    db_binary_type = six.moves.builtins.buffer
-else:
-    db_binary_type = memoryview
-
 
 @attr.s(slots=True, frozen=True)
 class FetchKeyResult(object):
     verify_key = attr.ib()  # VerifyKey: the key itself
     valid_until_ts = attr.ib()  # int: how long we can use this key for
-
-
-class KeyStore(SQLBaseStore):
-    """Persistence for signature verification keys
-    """
-
-    @cached()
-    def _get_server_verify_key(self, server_name_and_key_id):
-        raise NotImplementedError()
-
-    @cachedList(
-        cached_method_name="_get_server_verify_key", list_name="server_name_and_key_ids"
-    )
-    def get_server_verify_keys(self, server_name_and_key_ids):
-        """
-        Args:
-            server_name_and_key_ids (iterable[Tuple[str, str]]):
-                iterable of (server_name, key-id) tuples to fetch keys for
-
-        Returns:
-            Deferred: resolves to dict[Tuple[str, str], FetchKeyResult|None]:
-                map from (server_name, key_id) -> FetchKeyResult, or None if the key is
-                unknown
-        """
-        keys = {}
-
-        def _get_keys(txn, batch):
-            """Processes a batch of keys to fetch, and adds the result to `keys`."""
-
-            # batch_iter always returns tuples so it's safe to do len(batch)
-            sql = (
-                "SELECT server_name, key_id, verify_key, ts_valid_until_ms "
-                "FROM server_signature_keys WHERE 1=0"
-            ) + " OR (server_name=? AND key_id=?)" * len(batch)
-
-            txn.execute(sql, tuple(itertools.chain.from_iterable(batch)))
-
-            for row in txn:
-                server_name, key_id, key_bytes, ts_valid_until_ms = row
-
-                if ts_valid_until_ms is None:
-                    # Old keys may be stored with a ts_valid_until_ms of null,
-                    # in which case we treat this as if it was set to `0`, i.e.
-                    # it won't match key requests that define a minimum
-                    # `ts_valid_until_ms`.
-                    ts_valid_until_ms = 0
-
-                res = FetchKeyResult(
-                    verify_key=decode_verify_key_bytes(key_id, bytes(key_bytes)),
-                    valid_until_ts=ts_valid_until_ms,
-                )
-                keys[(server_name, key_id)] = res
-
-        def _txn(txn):
-            for batch in batch_iter(server_name_and_key_ids, 50):
-                _get_keys(txn, batch)
-            return keys
-
-        return self.runInteraction("get_server_verify_keys", _txn)
-
-    def store_server_verify_keys(self, from_server, ts_added_ms, verify_keys):
-        """Stores NACL verification keys for remote servers.
-        Args:
-            from_server (str): Where the verification keys were looked up
-            ts_added_ms (int): The time to record that the key was added
-            verify_keys (iterable[tuple[str, str, FetchKeyResult]]):
-                keys to be stored. Each entry is a triplet of
-                (server_name, key_id, key).
-        """
-        key_values = []
-        value_values = []
-        invalidations = []
-        for server_name, key_id, fetch_result in verify_keys:
-            key_values.append((server_name, key_id))
-            value_values.append(
-                (
-                    from_server,
-                    ts_added_ms,
-                    fetch_result.valid_until_ts,
-                    db_binary_type(fetch_result.verify_key.encode()),
-                )
-            )
-            # invalidate takes a tuple corresponding to the params of
-            # _get_server_verify_key. _get_server_verify_key only takes one
-            # param, which is itself the 2-tuple (server_name, key_id).
-            invalidations.append((server_name, key_id))
-
-        def _invalidate(res):
-            f = self._get_server_verify_key.invalidate
-            for i in invalidations:
-                f((i,))
-            return res
-
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "store_server_verify_keys",
-            self._simple_upsert_many_txn,
-            table="server_signature_keys",
-            key_names=("server_name", "key_id"),
-            key_values=key_values,
-            value_names=(
-                "from_server",
-                "ts_added_ms",
-                "ts_valid_until_ms",
-                "verify_key",
-            ),
-            value_values=value_values,
-        ).addCallback(_invalidate)
-
-    def store_server_keys_json(
-        self, server_name, key_id, from_server, ts_now_ms, ts_expires_ms, key_json_bytes
-    ):
-        """Stores the JSON bytes for a set of keys from a server
-        The JSON should be signed by the originating server, the intermediate
-        server, and by this server. Updates the value for the
-        (server_name, key_id, from_server) triplet if one already existed.
-        Args:
-            server_name (str): The name of the server.
-            key_id (str): The identifer of the key this JSON is for.
-            from_server (str): The server this JSON was fetched from.
-            ts_now_ms (int): The time now in milliseconds.
-            ts_valid_until_ms (int): The time when this json stops being valid.
-            key_json (bytes): The encoded JSON.
-        """
-        return self._simple_upsert(
-            table="server_keys_json",
-            keyvalues={
-                "server_name": server_name,
-                "key_id": key_id,
-                "from_server": from_server,
-            },
-            values={
-                "server_name": server_name,
-                "key_id": key_id,
-                "from_server": from_server,
-                "ts_added_ms": ts_now_ms,
-                "ts_valid_until_ms": ts_expires_ms,
-                "key_json": db_binary_type(key_json_bytes),
-            },
-            desc="store_server_keys_json",
-        )
-
-    def get_server_keys_json(self, server_keys):
-        """Retrive the key json for a list of server_keys and key ids.
-        If no keys are found for a given server, key_id and source then
-        that server, key_id, and source triplet entry will be an empty list.
-        The JSON is returned as a byte array so that it can be efficiently
-        used in an HTTP response.
-        Args:
-            server_keys (list): List of (server_name, key_id, source) triplets.
-        Returns:
-            Deferred[dict[Tuple[str, str, str|None], list[dict]]]:
-                Dict mapping (server_name, key_id, source) triplets to lists of dicts
-        """
-
-        def _get_server_keys_json_txn(txn):
-            results = {}
-            for server_name, key_id, from_server in server_keys:
-                keyvalues = {"server_name": server_name}
-                if key_id is not None:
-                    keyvalues["key_id"] = key_id
-                if from_server is not None:
-                    keyvalues["from_server"] = from_server
-                rows = self._simple_select_list_txn(
-                    txn,
-                    "server_keys_json",
-                    keyvalues=keyvalues,
-                    retcols=(
-                        "key_id",
-                        "from_server",
-                        "ts_added_ms",
-                        "ts_valid_until_ms",
-                        "key_json",
-                    ),
-                )
-                results[(server_name, key_id, from_server)] = rows
-            return results
-
-        return self.runInteraction("get_server_keys_json", _get_server_keys_json_txn)
diff --git a/synapse/storage/media_repository.py b/synapse/storage/media_repository.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 84b5f3ad5e..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/media_repository.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,378 +0,0 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-# Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-from synapse.storage.background_updates import BackgroundUpdateStore
-
-
-class MediaRepositoryBackgroundUpdateStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
-    def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
-        super(MediaRepositoryBackgroundUpdateStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
-
-        self.register_background_index_update(
-            update_name="local_media_repository_url_idx",
-            index_name="local_media_repository_url_idx",
-            table="local_media_repository",
-            columns=["created_ts"],
-            where_clause="url_cache IS NOT NULL",
-        )
-
-
-class MediaRepositoryStore(MediaRepositoryBackgroundUpdateStore):
-    """Persistence for attachments and avatars"""
-
-    def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
-        super(MediaRepositoryStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
-
-    def get_local_media(self, media_id):
-        """Get the metadata for a local piece of media
-        Returns:
-            None if the media_id doesn't exist.
-        """
-        return self._simple_select_one(
-            "local_media_repository",
-            {"media_id": media_id},
-            (
-                "media_type",
-                "media_length",
-                "upload_name",
-                "created_ts",
-                "quarantined_by",
-                "url_cache",
-            ),
-            allow_none=True,
-            desc="get_local_media",
-        )
-
-    def store_local_media(
-        self,
-        media_id,
-        media_type,
-        time_now_ms,
-        upload_name,
-        media_length,
-        user_id,
-        url_cache=None,
-    ):
-        return self._simple_insert(
-            "local_media_repository",
-            {
-                "media_id": media_id,
-                "media_type": media_type,
-                "created_ts": time_now_ms,
-                "upload_name": upload_name,
-                "media_length": media_length,
-                "user_id": user_id.to_string(),
-                "url_cache": url_cache,
-            },
-            desc="store_local_media",
-        )
-
-    def get_url_cache(self, url, ts):
-        """Get the media_id and ts for a cached URL as of the given timestamp
-        Returns:
-            None if the URL isn't cached.
-        """
-
-        def get_url_cache_txn(txn):
-            # get the most recently cached result (relative to the given ts)
-            sql = (
-                "SELECT response_code, etag, expires_ts, og, media_id, download_ts"
-                " FROM local_media_repository_url_cache"
-                " WHERE url = ? AND download_ts <= ?"
-                " ORDER BY download_ts DESC LIMIT 1"
-            )
-            txn.execute(sql, (url, ts))
-            row = txn.fetchone()
-
-            if not row:
-                # ...or if we've requested a timestamp older than the oldest
-                # copy in the cache, return the oldest copy (if any)
-                sql = (
-                    "SELECT response_code, etag, expires_ts, og, media_id, download_ts"
-                    " FROM local_media_repository_url_cache"
-                    " WHERE url = ? AND download_ts > ?"
-                    " ORDER BY download_ts ASC LIMIT 1"
-                )
-                txn.execute(sql, (url, ts))
-                row = txn.fetchone()
-
-            if not row:
-                return None
-
-            return dict(
-                zip(
-                    (
-                        "response_code",
-                        "etag",
-                        "expires_ts",
-                        "og",
-                        "media_id",
-                        "download_ts",
-                    ),
-                    row,
-                )
-            )
-
-        return self.runInteraction("get_url_cache", get_url_cache_txn)
-
-    def store_url_cache(
-        self, url, response_code, etag, expires_ts, og, media_id, download_ts
-    ):
-        return self._simple_insert(
-            "local_media_repository_url_cache",
-            {
-                "url": url,
-                "response_code": response_code,
-                "etag": etag,
-                "expires_ts": expires_ts,
-                "og": og,
-                "media_id": media_id,
-                "download_ts": download_ts,
-            },
-            desc="store_url_cache",
-        )
-
-    def get_local_media_thumbnails(self, media_id):
-        return self._simple_select_list(
-            "local_media_repository_thumbnails",
-            {"media_id": media_id},
-            (
-                "thumbnail_width",
-                "thumbnail_height",
-                "thumbnail_method",
-                "thumbnail_type",
-                "thumbnail_length",
-            ),
-            desc="get_local_media_thumbnails",
-        )
-
-    def store_local_thumbnail(
-        self,
-        media_id,
-        thumbnail_width,
-        thumbnail_height,
-        thumbnail_type,
-        thumbnail_method,
-        thumbnail_length,
-    ):
-        return self._simple_insert(
-            "local_media_repository_thumbnails",
-            {
-                "media_id": media_id,
-                "thumbnail_width": thumbnail_width,
-                "thumbnail_height": thumbnail_height,
-                "thumbnail_method": thumbnail_method,
-                "thumbnail_type": thumbnail_type,
-                "thumbnail_length": thumbnail_length,
-            },
-            desc="store_local_thumbnail",
-        )
-
-    def get_cached_remote_media(self, origin, media_id):
-        return self._simple_select_one(
-            "remote_media_cache",
-            {"media_origin": origin, "media_id": media_id},
-            (
-                "media_type",
-                "media_length",
-                "upload_name",
-                "created_ts",
-                "filesystem_id",
-                "quarantined_by",
-            ),
-            allow_none=True,
-            desc="get_cached_remote_media",
-        )
-
-    def store_cached_remote_media(
-        self,
-        origin,
-        media_id,
-        media_type,
-        media_length,
-        time_now_ms,
-        upload_name,
-        filesystem_id,
-    ):
-        return self._simple_insert(
-            "remote_media_cache",
-            {
-                "media_origin": origin,
-                "media_id": media_id,
-                "media_type": media_type,
-                "media_length": media_length,
-                "created_ts": time_now_ms,
-                "upload_name": upload_name,
-                "filesystem_id": filesystem_id,
-                "last_access_ts": time_now_ms,
-            },
-            desc="store_cached_remote_media",
-        )
-
-    def update_cached_last_access_time(self, local_media, remote_media, time_ms):
-        """Updates the last access time of the given media
-
-        Args:
-            local_media (iterable[str]): Set of media_ids
-            remote_media (iterable[(str, str)]): Set of (server_name, media_id)
-            time_ms: Current time in milliseconds
-        """
-
-        def update_cache_txn(txn):
-            sql = (
-                "UPDATE remote_media_cache SET last_access_ts = ?"
-                " WHERE media_origin = ? AND media_id = ?"
-            )
-
-            txn.executemany(
-                sql,
-                (
-                    (time_ms, media_origin, media_id)
-                    for media_origin, media_id in remote_media
-                ),
-            )
-
-            sql = (
-                "UPDATE local_media_repository SET last_access_ts = ?"
-                " WHERE media_id = ?"
-            )
-
-            txn.executemany(sql, ((time_ms, media_id) for media_id in local_media))
-
-        return self.runInteraction("update_cached_last_access_time", update_cache_txn)
-
-    def get_remote_media_thumbnails(self, origin, media_id):
-        return self._simple_select_list(
-            "remote_media_cache_thumbnails",
-            {"media_origin": origin, "media_id": media_id},
-            (
-                "thumbnail_width",
-                "thumbnail_height",
-                "thumbnail_method",
-                "thumbnail_type",
-                "thumbnail_length",
-                "filesystem_id",
-            ),
-            desc="get_remote_media_thumbnails",
-        )
-
-    def store_remote_media_thumbnail(
-        self,
-        origin,
-        media_id,
-        filesystem_id,
-        thumbnail_width,
-        thumbnail_height,
-        thumbnail_type,
-        thumbnail_method,
-        thumbnail_length,
-    ):
-        return self._simple_insert(
-            "remote_media_cache_thumbnails",
-            {
-                "media_origin": origin,
-                "media_id": media_id,
-                "thumbnail_width": thumbnail_width,
-                "thumbnail_height": thumbnail_height,
-                "thumbnail_method": thumbnail_method,
-                "thumbnail_type": thumbnail_type,
-                "thumbnail_length": thumbnail_length,
-                "filesystem_id": filesystem_id,
-            },
-            desc="store_remote_media_thumbnail",
-        )
-
-    def get_remote_media_before(self, before_ts):
-        sql = (
-            "SELECT media_origin, media_id, filesystem_id"
-            " FROM remote_media_cache"
-            " WHERE last_access_ts < ?"
-        )
-
-        return self._execute(
-            "get_remote_media_before", self.cursor_to_dict, sql, before_ts
-        )
-
-    def delete_remote_media(self, media_origin, media_id):
-        def delete_remote_media_txn(txn):
-            self._simple_delete_txn(
-                txn,
-                "remote_media_cache",
-                keyvalues={"media_origin": media_origin, "media_id": media_id},
-            )
-            self._simple_delete_txn(
-                txn,
-                "remote_media_cache_thumbnails",
-                keyvalues={"media_origin": media_origin, "media_id": media_id},
-            )
-
-        return self.runInteraction("delete_remote_media", delete_remote_media_txn)
-
-    def get_expired_url_cache(self, now_ts):
-        sql = (
-            "SELECT media_id FROM local_media_repository_url_cache"
-            " WHERE expires_ts < ?"
-            " ORDER BY expires_ts ASC"
-            " LIMIT 500"
-        )
-
-        def _get_expired_url_cache_txn(txn):
-            txn.execute(sql, (now_ts,))
-            return [row[0] for row in txn]
-
-        return self.runInteraction("get_expired_url_cache", _get_expired_url_cache_txn)
-
-    def delete_url_cache(self, media_ids):
-        if len(media_ids) == 0:
-            return
-
-        sql = "DELETE FROM local_media_repository_url_cache" " WHERE media_id = ?"
-
-        def _delete_url_cache_txn(txn):
-            txn.executemany(sql, [(media_id,) for media_id in media_ids])
-
-        return self.runInteraction("delete_url_cache", _delete_url_cache_txn)
-
-    def get_url_cache_media_before(self, before_ts):
-        sql = (
-            "SELECT media_id FROM local_media_repository"
-            " WHERE created_ts < ? AND url_cache IS NOT NULL"
-            " ORDER BY created_ts ASC"
-            " LIMIT 500"
-        )
-
-        def _get_url_cache_media_before_txn(txn):
-            txn.execute(sql, (before_ts,))
-            return [row[0] for row in txn]
-
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "get_url_cache_media_before", _get_url_cache_media_before_txn
-        )
-
-    def delete_url_cache_media(self, media_ids):
-        if len(media_ids) == 0:
-            return
-
-        def _delete_url_cache_media_txn(txn):
-            sql = "DELETE FROM local_media_repository" " WHERE media_id = ?"
-
-            txn.executemany(sql, [(media_id,) for media_id in media_ids])
-
-            sql = "DELETE FROM local_media_repository_thumbnails" " WHERE media_id = ?"
-
-            txn.executemany(sql, [(media_id,) for media_id in media_ids])
-
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "delete_url_cache_media", _delete_url_cache_media_txn
-        )
diff --git a/synapse/storage/monthly_active_users.py b/synapse/storage/monthly_active_users.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 3803604be7..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/monthly_active_users.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,329 +0,0 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-# Copyright 2018 New Vector
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-import logging
-
-from twisted.internet import defer
-
-from synapse.util.caches.descriptors import cached
-
-from ._base import SQLBaseStore
-
-logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-
-# Number of msec of granularity to store the monthly_active_user timestamp
-# This means it is not necessary to update the table on every request
-LAST_SEEN_GRANULARITY = 60 * 60 * 1000
-
-
-class MonthlyActiveUsersStore(SQLBaseStore):
-    def __init__(self, dbconn, hs):
-        super(MonthlyActiveUsersStore, self).__init__(None, hs)
-        self._clock = hs.get_clock()
-        self.hs = hs
-        # Do not add more reserved users than the total allowable number
-        self._new_transaction(
-            dbconn,
-            "initialise_mau_threepids",
-            [],
-            [],
-            self._initialise_reserved_users,
-            hs.config.mau_limits_reserved_threepids[: self.hs.config.max_mau_value],
-        )
-
-    def _initialise_reserved_users(self, txn, threepids):
-        """Ensures that reserved threepids are accounted for in the MAU table, should
-        be called on start up.
-
-        Args:
-            txn (cursor):
-            threepids (list[dict]): List of threepid dicts to reserve
-        """
-
-        for tp in threepids:
-            user_id = self.get_user_id_by_threepid_txn(txn, tp["medium"], tp["address"])
-
-            if user_id:
-                is_support = self.is_support_user_txn(txn, user_id)
-                if not is_support:
-                    self.upsert_monthly_active_user_txn(txn, user_id)
-            else:
-                logger.warning("mau limit reserved threepid %s not found in db" % tp)
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def reap_monthly_active_users(self):
-        """Cleans out monthly active user table to ensure that no stale
-        entries exist.
-
-        Returns:
-            Deferred[]
-        """
-
-        def _reap_users(txn, reserved_users):
-            """
-            Args:
-                reserved_users (tuple): reserved users to preserve
-            """
-
-            thirty_days_ago = int(self._clock.time_msec()) - (1000 * 60 * 60 * 24 * 30)
-            query_args = [thirty_days_ago]
-            base_sql = "DELETE FROM monthly_active_users WHERE timestamp < ?"
-
-            # Need if/else since 'AND user_id NOT IN ({})' fails on Postgres
-            # when len(reserved_users) == 0. Works fine on sqlite.
-            if len(reserved_users) > 0:
-                # questionmarks is a hack to overcome sqlite not supporting
-                # tuples in 'WHERE IN %s'
-                question_marks = ",".join("?" * len(reserved_users))
-
-                query_args.extend(reserved_users)
-                sql = base_sql + " AND user_id NOT IN ({})".format(question_marks)
-            else:
-                sql = base_sql
-
-            txn.execute(sql, query_args)
-
-            max_mau_value = self.hs.config.max_mau_value
-            if self.hs.config.limit_usage_by_mau:
-                # If MAU user count still exceeds the MAU threshold, then delete on
-                # a least recently active basis.
-                # Note it is not possible to write this query using OFFSET due to
-                # incompatibilities in how sqlite and postgres support the feature.
-                # sqlite requires 'LIMIT -1 OFFSET ?', the LIMIT must be present
-                # While Postgres does not require 'LIMIT', but also does not support
-                # negative LIMIT values. So there is no way to write it that both can
-                # support
-                if len(reserved_users) == 0:
-                    sql = """
-                        DELETE FROM monthly_active_users
-                        WHERE user_id NOT IN (
-                            SELECT user_id FROM monthly_active_users
-                            ORDER BY timestamp DESC
-                            LIMIT ?
-                        )
-                        """
-                    txn.execute(sql, (max_mau_value,))
-                # Need if/else since 'AND user_id NOT IN ({})' fails on Postgres
-                # when len(reserved_users) == 0. Works fine on sqlite.
-                else:
-                    # Must be >= 0 for postgres
-                    num_of_non_reserved_users_to_remove = max(
-                        max_mau_value - len(reserved_users), 0
-                    )
-
-                    # It is important to filter reserved users twice to guard
-                    # against the case where the reserved user is present in the
-                    # SELECT, meaning that a legitmate mau is deleted.
-                    sql = """
-                        DELETE FROM monthly_active_users
-                        WHERE user_id NOT IN (
-                            SELECT user_id FROM monthly_active_users
-                            WHERE user_id NOT IN ({})
-                            ORDER BY timestamp DESC
-                            LIMIT ?
-                        )
-                        AND user_id NOT IN ({})
-                    """.format(
-                        question_marks, question_marks
-                    )
-
-                    query_args = [
-                        *reserved_users,
-                        num_of_non_reserved_users_to_remove,
-                        *reserved_users,
-                    ]
-
-                    txn.execute(sql, query_args)
-
-        reserved_users = yield self.get_registered_reserved_users()
-        yield self.runInteraction(
-            "reap_monthly_active_users", _reap_users, reserved_users
-        )
-        # It seems poor to invalidate the whole cache, Postgres supports
-        # 'Returning' which would allow me to invalidate only the
-        # specific users, but sqlite has no way to do this and instead
-        # I would need to SELECT and the DELETE which without locking
-        # is racy.
-        # Have resolved to invalidate the whole cache for now and do
-        # something about it if and when the perf becomes significant
-        self.user_last_seen_monthly_active.invalidate_all()
-        self.get_monthly_active_count.invalidate_all()
-
-    @cached(num_args=0)
-    def get_monthly_active_count(self):
-        """Generates current count of monthly active users
-
-        Returns:
-            Defered[int]: Number of current monthly active users
-        """
-
-        def _count_users(txn):
-            sql = "SELECT COALESCE(count(*), 0) FROM monthly_active_users"
-
-            txn.execute(sql)
-            count, = txn.fetchone()
-            return count
-
-        return self.runInteraction("count_users", _count_users)
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_registered_reserved_users(self):
-        """Of the reserved threepids defined in config, which are associated
-        with registered users?
-
-        Returns:
-            Defered[list]: Real reserved users
-        """
-        users = []
-
-        for tp in self.hs.config.mau_limits_reserved_threepids[
-            : self.hs.config.max_mau_value
-        ]:
-            user_id = yield self.hs.get_datastore().get_user_id_by_threepid(
-                tp["medium"], tp["address"]
-            )
-            if user_id:
-                users.append(user_id)
-
-        return users
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def upsert_monthly_active_user(self, user_id):
-        """Updates or inserts the user into the monthly active user table, which
-        is used to track the current MAU usage of the server
-
-        Args:
-            user_id (str): user to add/update
-        """
-        # Support user never to be included in MAU stats. Note I can't easily call this
-        # from upsert_monthly_active_user_txn because then I need a _txn form of
-        # is_support_user which is complicated because I want to cache the result.
-        # Therefore I call it here and ignore the case where
-        # upsert_monthly_active_user_txn is called directly from
-        # _initialise_reserved_users reasoning that it would be very strange to
-        #  include a support user in this context.
-
-        is_support = yield self.is_support_user(user_id)
-        if is_support:
-            return
-
-        yield self.runInteraction(
-            "upsert_monthly_active_user", self.upsert_monthly_active_user_txn, user_id
-        )
-
-        user_in_mau = self.user_last_seen_monthly_active.cache.get(
-            (user_id,), None, update_metrics=False
-        )
-        if user_in_mau is None:
-            self.get_monthly_active_count.invalidate(())
-
-        self.user_last_seen_monthly_active.invalidate((user_id,))
-
-    def upsert_monthly_active_user_txn(self, txn, user_id):
-        """Updates or inserts monthly active user member
-
-        Note that, after calling this method, it will generally be necessary
-        to invalidate the caches on user_last_seen_monthly_active and
-        get_monthly_active_count. We can't do that here, because we are running
-        in a database thread rather than the main thread, and we can't call
-        txn.call_after because txn may not be a LoggingTransaction.
-
-        We consciously do not call is_support_txn from this method because it
-        is not possible to cache the response. is_support_txn will be false in
-        almost all cases, so it seems reasonable to call it only for
-        upsert_monthly_active_user and to call is_support_txn manually
-        for cases where upsert_monthly_active_user_txn is called directly,
-        like _initialise_reserved_users
-
-        In short, don't call this method with support users. (Support users
-        should not appear in the MAU stats).
-
-        Args:
-            txn (cursor):
-            user_id (str): user to add/update
-
-        Returns:
-            bool: True if a new entry was created, False if an
-            existing one was updated.
-        """
-
-        # Am consciously deciding to lock the table on the basis that is ought
-        # never be a big table and alternative approaches (batching multiple
-        # upserts into a single txn) introduced a lot of extra complexity.
-        # See https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/3854 for more
-        is_insert = self._simple_upsert_txn(
-            txn,
-            table="monthly_active_users",
-            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
-            values={"timestamp": int(self._clock.time_msec())},
-        )
-
-        return is_insert
-
-    @cached(num_args=1)
-    def user_last_seen_monthly_active(self, user_id):
-        """
-            Checks if a given user is part of the monthly active user group
-            Arguments:
-                user_id (str): user to add/update
-            Return:
-                Deferred[int] : timestamp since last seen, None if never seen
-
-        """
-
-        return self._simple_select_one_onecol(
-            table="monthly_active_users",
-            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
-            retcol="timestamp",
-            allow_none=True,
-            desc="user_last_seen_monthly_active",
-        )
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def populate_monthly_active_users(self, user_id):
-        """Checks on the state of monthly active user limits and optionally
-        add the user to the monthly active tables
-
-        Args:
-            user_id(str): the user_id to query
-        """
-        if self.hs.config.limit_usage_by_mau or self.hs.config.mau_stats_only:
-            # Trial users and guests should not be included as part of MAU group
-            is_guest = yield self.is_guest(user_id)
-            if is_guest:
-                return
-            is_trial = yield self.is_trial_user(user_id)
-            if is_trial:
-                return
-
-            last_seen_timestamp = yield self.user_last_seen_monthly_active(user_id)
-            now = self.hs.get_clock().time_msec()
-
-            # We want to reduce to the total number of db writes, and are happy
-            # to trade accuracy of timestamp in order to lighten load. This means
-            # We always insert new users (where MAU threshold has not been reached),
-            # but only update if we have not previously seen the user for
-            # LAST_SEEN_GRANULARITY ms
-            if last_seen_timestamp is None:
-                # In the case where mau_stats_only is True and limit_usage_by_mau is
-                # False, there is no point in checking get_monthly_active_count - it
-                # adds no value and will break the logic if max_mau_value is exceeded.
-                if not self.hs.config.limit_usage_by_mau:
-                    yield self.upsert_monthly_active_user(user_id)
-                else:
-                    count = yield self.get_monthly_active_count()
-                    if count < self.hs.config.max_mau_value:
-                        yield self.upsert_monthly_active_user(user_id)
-            elif now - last_seen_timestamp > LAST_SEEN_GRANULARITY:
-                yield self.upsert_monthly_active_user(user_id)
diff --git a/synapse/storage/openid.py b/synapse/storage/openid.py
deleted file mode 100644
index b3318045ee..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/openid.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-from ._base import SQLBaseStore
-
-
-class OpenIdStore(SQLBaseStore):
-    def insert_open_id_token(self, token, ts_valid_until_ms, user_id):
-        return self._simple_insert(
-            table="open_id_tokens",
-            values={
-                "token": token,
-                "ts_valid_until_ms": ts_valid_until_ms,
-                "user_id": user_id,
-            },
-            desc="insert_open_id_token",
-        )
-
-    def get_user_id_for_open_id_token(self, token, ts_now_ms):
-        def get_user_id_for_token_txn(txn):
-            sql = (
-                "SELECT user_id FROM open_id_tokens"
-                " WHERE token = ? AND ? <= ts_valid_until_ms"
-            )
-
-            txn.execute(sql, (token, ts_now_ms))
-
-            rows = txn.fetchall()
-            if not rows:
-                return None
-            else:
-                return rows[0][0]
-
-        return self.runInteraction("get_user_id_for_token", get_user_id_for_token_txn)
diff --git a/synapse/storage/presence.py b/synapse/storage/presence.py
index 3a641f538b..18a462f0ee 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/presence.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/presence.py
@@ -15,12 +15,7 @@
 
 from collections import namedtuple
 
-from twisted.internet import defer
-
 from synapse.api.constants import PresenceState
-from synapse.storage._base import SQLBaseStore, make_in_list_sql_clause
-from synapse.util import batch_iter
-from synapse.util.caches.descriptors import cached, cachedList
 
 
 class UserPresenceState(
@@ -72,132 +67,3 @@ class UserPresenceState(
             status_msg=None,
             currently_active=False,
         )
-
-
-class PresenceStore(SQLBaseStore):
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def update_presence(self, presence_states):
-        stream_ordering_manager = self._presence_id_gen.get_next_mult(
-            len(presence_states)
-        )
-
-        with stream_ordering_manager as stream_orderings:
-            yield self.runInteraction(
-                "update_presence",
-                self._update_presence_txn,
-                stream_orderings,
-                presence_states,
-            )
-
-        return stream_orderings[-1], self._presence_id_gen.get_current_token()
-
-    def _update_presence_txn(self, txn, stream_orderings, presence_states):
-        for stream_id, state in zip(stream_orderings, presence_states):
-            txn.call_after(
-                self.presence_stream_cache.entity_has_changed, state.user_id, stream_id
-            )
-            txn.call_after(self._get_presence_for_user.invalidate, (state.user_id,))
-
-        # Actually insert new rows
-        self._simple_insert_many_txn(
-            txn,
-            table="presence_stream",
-            values=[
-                {
-                    "stream_id": stream_id,
-                    "user_id": state.user_id,
-                    "state": state.state,
-                    "last_active_ts": state.last_active_ts,
-                    "last_federation_update_ts": state.last_federation_update_ts,
-                    "last_user_sync_ts": state.last_user_sync_ts,
-                    "status_msg": state.status_msg,
-                    "currently_active": state.currently_active,
-                }
-                for state in presence_states
-            ],
-        )
-
-        # Delete old rows to stop database from getting really big
-        sql = "DELETE FROM presence_stream WHERE stream_id < ? AND "
-
-        for states in batch_iter(presence_states, 50):
-            clause, args = make_in_list_sql_clause(
-                self.database_engine, "user_id", [s.user_id for s in states]
-            )
-            txn.execute(sql + clause, [stream_id] + list(args))
-
-    def get_all_presence_updates(self, last_id, current_id):
-        if last_id == current_id:
-            return defer.succeed([])
-
-        def get_all_presence_updates_txn(txn):
-            sql = (
-                "SELECT stream_id, user_id, state, last_active_ts,"
-                " last_federation_update_ts, last_user_sync_ts, status_msg,"
-                " currently_active"
-                " FROM presence_stream"
-                " WHERE ? < stream_id AND stream_id <= ?"
-            )
-            txn.execute(sql, (last_id, current_id))
-            return txn.fetchall()
-
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "get_all_presence_updates", get_all_presence_updates_txn
-        )
-
-    @cached()
-    def _get_presence_for_user(self, user_id):
-        raise NotImplementedError()
-
-    @cachedList(
-        cached_method_name="_get_presence_for_user",
-        list_name="user_ids",
-        num_args=1,
-        inlineCallbacks=True,
-    )
-    def get_presence_for_users(self, user_ids):
-        rows = yield self._simple_select_many_batch(
-            table="presence_stream",
-            column="user_id",
-            iterable=user_ids,
-            keyvalues={},
-            retcols=(
-                "user_id",
-                "state",
-                "last_active_ts",
-                "last_federation_update_ts",
-                "last_user_sync_ts",
-                "status_msg",
-                "currently_active",
-            ),
-            desc="get_presence_for_users",
-        )
-
-        for row in rows:
-            row["currently_active"] = bool(row["currently_active"])
-
-        return {row["user_id"]: UserPresenceState(**row) for row in rows}
-
-    def get_current_presence_token(self):
-        return self._presence_id_gen.get_current_token()
-
-    def allow_presence_visible(self, observed_localpart, observer_userid):
-        return self._simple_insert(
-            table="presence_allow_inbound",
-            values={
-                "observed_user_id": observed_localpart,
-                "observer_user_id": observer_userid,
-            },
-            desc="allow_presence_visible",
-            or_ignore=True,
-        )
-
-    def disallow_presence_visible(self, observed_localpart, observer_userid):
-        return self._simple_delete_one(
-            table="presence_allow_inbound",
-            keyvalues={
-                "observed_user_id": observed_localpart,
-                "observer_user_id": observer_userid,
-            },
-            desc="disallow_presence_visible",
-        )
diff --git a/synapse/storage/profile.py b/synapse/storage/profile.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 912c1df6be..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/profile.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,179 +0,0 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-# Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-
-from twisted.internet import defer
-
-from synapse.api.errors import StoreError
-from synapse.storage.roommember import ProfileInfo
-
-from ._base import SQLBaseStore
-
-
-class ProfileWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_profileinfo(self, user_localpart):
-        try:
-            profile = yield self._simple_select_one(
-                table="profiles",
-                keyvalues={"user_id": user_localpart},
-                retcols=("displayname", "avatar_url"),
-                desc="get_profileinfo",
-            )
-        except StoreError as e:
-            if e.code == 404:
-                # no match
-                return ProfileInfo(None, None)
-            else:
-                raise
-
-        return ProfileInfo(
-            avatar_url=profile["avatar_url"], display_name=profile["displayname"]
-        )
-
-    def get_profile_displayname(self, user_localpart):
-        return self._simple_select_one_onecol(
-            table="profiles",
-            keyvalues={"user_id": user_localpart},
-            retcol="displayname",
-            desc="get_profile_displayname",
-        )
-
-    def get_profile_avatar_url(self, user_localpart):
-        return self._simple_select_one_onecol(
-            table="profiles",
-            keyvalues={"user_id": user_localpart},
-            retcol="avatar_url",
-            desc="get_profile_avatar_url",
-        )
-
-    def get_from_remote_profile_cache(self, user_id):
-        return self._simple_select_one(
-            table="remote_profile_cache",
-            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
-            retcols=("displayname", "avatar_url"),
-            allow_none=True,
-            desc="get_from_remote_profile_cache",
-        )
-
-    def create_profile(self, user_localpart):
-        return self._simple_insert(
-            table="profiles", values={"user_id": user_localpart}, desc="create_profile"
-        )
-
-    def set_profile_displayname(self, user_localpart, new_displayname):
-        return self._simple_update_one(
-            table="profiles",
-            keyvalues={"user_id": user_localpart},
-            updatevalues={"displayname": new_displayname},
-            desc="set_profile_displayname",
-        )
-
-    def set_profile_avatar_url(self, user_localpart, new_avatar_url):
-        return self._simple_update_one(
-            table="profiles",
-            keyvalues={"user_id": user_localpart},
-            updatevalues={"avatar_url": new_avatar_url},
-            desc="set_profile_avatar_url",
-        )
-
-
-class ProfileStore(ProfileWorkerStore):
-    def add_remote_profile_cache(self, user_id, displayname, avatar_url):
-        """Ensure we are caching the remote user's profiles.
-
-        This should only be called when `is_subscribed_remote_profile_for_user`
-        would return true for the user.
-        """
-        return self._simple_upsert(
-            table="remote_profile_cache",
-            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
-            values={
-                "displayname": displayname,
-                "avatar_url": avatar_url,
-                "last_check": self._clock.time_msec(),
-            },
-            desc="add_remote_profile_cache",
-        )
-
-    def update_remote_profile_cache(self, user_id, displayname, avatar_url):
-        return self._simple_update(
-            table="remote_profile_cache",
-            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
-            values={
-                "displayname": displayname,
-                "avatar_url": avatar_url,
-                "last_check": self._clock.time_msec(),
-            },
-            desc="update_remote_profile_cache",
-        )
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def maybe_delete_remote_profile_cache(self, user_id):
-        """Check if we still care about the remote user's profile, and if we
-        don't then remove their profile from the cache
-        """
-        subscribed = yield self.is_subscribed_remote_profile_for_user(user_id)
-        if not subscribed:
-            yield self._simple_delete(
-                table="remote_profile_cache",
-                keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
-                desc="delete_remote_profile_cache",
-            )
-
-    def get_remote_profile_cache_entries_that_expire(self, last_checked):
-        """Get all users who haven't been checked since `last_checked`
-        """
-
-        def _get_remote_profile_cache_entries_that_expire_txn(txn):
-            sql = """
-                SELECT user_id, displayname, avatar_url
-                FROM remote_profile_cache
-                WHERE last_check < ?
-            """
-
-            txn.execute(sql, (last_checked,))
-
-            return self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
-
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "get_remote_profile_cache_entries_that_expire",
-            _get_remote_profile_cache_entries_that_expire_txn,
-        )
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def is_subscribed_remote_profile_for_user(self, user_id):
-        """Check whether we are interested in a remote user's profile.
-        """
-        res = yield self._simple_select_one_onecol(
-            table="group_users",
-            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
-            retcol="user_id",
-            allow_none=True,
-            desc="should_update_remote_profile_cache_for_user",
-        )
-
-        if res:
-            return True
-
-        res = yield self._simple_select_one_onecol(
-            table="group_invites",
-            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
-            retcol="user_id",
-            allow_none=True,
-            desc="should_update_remote_profile_cache_for_user",
-        )
-
-        if res:
-            return True
diff --git a/synapse/storage/push_rule.py b/synapse/storage/push_rule.py
index c4e24edff2..f47cec0d86 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/push_rule.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/push_rule.py
@@ -14,704 +14,6 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-import abc
-import logging
-
-from canonicaljson import json
-
-from twisted.internet import defer
-
-from synapse.push.baserules import list_with_base_rules
-from synapse.storage.appservice import ApplicationServiceWorkerStore
-from synapse.storage.pusher import PusherWorkerStore
-from synapse.storage.receipts import ReceiptsWorkerStore
-from synapse.storage.roommember import RoomMemberWorkerStore
-from synapse.util.caches.descriptors import cachedInlineCallbacks, cachedList
-from synapse.util.caches.stream_change_cache import StreamChangeCache
-
-from ._base import SQLBaseStore
-
-logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-
-
-def _load_rules(rawrules, enabled_map):
-    ruleslist = []
-    for rawrule in rawrules:
-        rule = dict(rawrule)
-        rule["conditions"] = json.loads(rawrule["conditions"])
-        rule["actions"] = json.loads(rawrule["actions"])
-        ruleslist.append(rule)
-
-    # We're going to be mutating this a lot, so do a deep copy
-    rules = list(list_with_base_rules(ruleslist))
-
-    for i, rule in enumerate(rules):
-        rule_id = rule["rule_id"]
-        if rule_id in enabled_map:
-            if rule.get("enabled", True) != bool(enabled_map[rule_id]):
-                # Rules are cached across users.
-                rule = dict(rule)
-                rule["enabled"] = bool(enabled_map[rule_id])
-                rules[i] = rule
-
-    return rules
-
-
-class PushRulesWorkerStore(
-    ApplicationServiceWorkerStore,
-    ReceiptsWorkerStore,
-    PusherWorkerStore,
-    RoomMemberWorkerStore,
-    SQLBaseStore,
-):
-    """This is an abstract base class where subclasses must implement
-    `get_max_push_rules_stream_id` which can be called in the initializer.
-    """
-
-    # This ABCMeta metaclass ensures that we cannot be instantiated without
-    # the abstract methods being implemented.
-    __metaclass__ = abc.ABCMeta
-
-    def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
-        super(PushRulesWorkerStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
-
-        push_rules_prefill, push_rules_id = self._get_cache_dict(
-            db_conn,
-            "push_rules_stream",
-            entity_column="user_id",
-            stream_column="stream_id",
-            max_value=self.get_max_push_rules_stream_id(),
-        )
-
-        self.push_rules_stream_cache = StreamChangeCache(
-            "PushRulesStreamChangeCache",
-            push_rules_id,
-            prefilled_cache=push_rules_prefill,
-        )
-
-    @abc.abstractmethod
-    def get_max_push_rules_stream_id(self):
-        """Get the position of the push rules stream.
-
-        Returns:
-            int
-        """
-        raise NotImplementedError()
-
-    @cachedInlineCallbacks(max_entries=5000)
-    def get_push_rules_for_user(self, user_id):
-        rows = yield self._simple_select_list(
-            table="push_rules",
-            keyvalues={"user_name": user_id},
-            retcols=(
-                "user_name",
-                "rule_id",
-                "priority_class",
-                "priority",
-                "conditions",
-                "actions",
-            ),
-            desc="get_push_rules_enabled_for_user",
-        )
-
-        rows.sort(key=lambda row: (-int(row["priority_class"]), -int(row["priority"])))
-
-        enabled_map = yield self.get_push_rules_enabled_for_user(user_id)
-
-        rules = _load_rules(rows, enabled_map)
-
-        return rules
-
-    @cachedInlineCallbacks(max_entries=5000)
-    def get_push_rules_enabled_for_user(self, user_id):
-        results = yield self._simple_select_list(
-            table="push_rules_enable",
-            keyvalues={"user_name": user_id},
-            retcols=("user_name", "rule_id", "enabled"),
-            desc="get_push_rules_enabled_for_user",
-        )
-        return {r["rule_id"]: False if r["enabled"] == 0 else True for r in results}
-
-    def have_push_rules_changed_for_user(self, user_id, last_id):
-        if not self.push_rules_stream_cache.has_entity_changed(user_id, last_id):
-            return defer.succeed(False)
-        else:
-
-            def have_push_rules_changed_txn(txn):
-                sql = (
-                    "SELECT COUNT(stream_id) FROM push_rules_stream"
-                    " WHERE user_id = ? AND ? < stream_id"
-                )
-                txn.execute(sql, (user_id, last_id))
-                count, = txn.fetchone()
-                return bool(count)
-
-            return self.runInteraction(
-                "have_push_rules_changed", have_push_rules_changed_txn
-            )
-
-    @cachedList(
-        cached_method_name="get_push_rules_for_user",
-        list_name="user_ids",
-        num_args=1,
-        inlineCallbacks=True,
-    )
-    def bulk_get_push_rules(self, user_ids):
-        if not user_ids:
-            return {}
-
-        results = {user_id: [] for user_id in user_ids}
-
-        rows = yield self._simple_select_many_batch(
-            table="push_rules",
-            column="user_name",
-            iterable=user_ids,
-            retcols=("*",),
-            desc="bulk_get_push_rules",
-        )
-
-        rows.sort(key=lambda row: (-int(row["priority_class"]), -int(row["priority"])))
-
-        for row in rows:
-            results.setdefault(row["user_name"], []).append(row)
-
-        enabled_map_by_user = yield self.bulk_get_push_rules_enabled(user_ids)
-
-        for user_id, rules in results.items():
-            results[user_id] = _load_rules(rules, enabled_map_by_user.get(user_id, {}))
-
-        return results
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def copy_push_rule_from_room_to_room(self, new_room_id, user_id, rule):
-        """Copy a single push rule from one room to another for a specific user.
-
-        Args:
-            new_room_id (str): ID of the new room.
-            user_id (str): ID of user the push rule belongs to.
-            rule (Dict): A push rule.
-        """
-        # Create new rule id
-        rule_id_scope = "/".join(rule["rule_id"].split("/")[:-1])
-        new_rule_id = rule_id_scope + "/" + new_room_id
-
-        # Change room id in each condition
-        for condition in rule.get("conditions", []):
-            if condition.get("key") == "room_id":
-                condition["pattern"] = new_room_id
-
-        # Add the rule for the new room
-        yield self.add_push_rule(
-            user_id=user_id,
-            rule_id=new_rule_id,
-            priority_class=rule["priority_class"],
-            conditions=rule["conditions"],
-            actions=rule["actions"],
-        )
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def copy_push_rules_from_room_to_room_for_user(
-        self, old_room_id, new_room_id, user_id
-    ):
-        """Copy all of the push rules from one room to another for a specific
-        user.
-
-        Args:
-            old_room_id (str): ID of the old room.
-            new_room_id (str): ID of the new room.
-            user_id (str): ID of user to copy push rules for.
-        """
-        # Retrieve push rules for this user
-        user_push_rules = yield self.get_push_rules_for_user(user_id)
-
-        # Get rules relating to the old room and copy them to the new room
-        for rule in user_push_rules:
-            conditions = rule.get("conditions", [])
-            if any(
-                (c.get("key") == "room_id" and c.get("pattern") == old_room_id)
-                for c in conditions
-            ):
-                yield self.copy_push_rule_from_room_to_room(new_room_id, user_id, rule)
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def bulk_get_push_rules_for_room(self, event, context):
-        state_group = context.state_group
-        if not state_group:
-            # If state_group is None it means it has yet to be assigned a
-            # state group, i.e. we need to make sure that calls with a state_group
-            # of None don't hit previous cached calls with a None state_group.
-            # To do this we set the state_group to a new object as object() != object()
-            state_group = object()
-
-        current_state_ids = yield context.get_current_state_ids(self)
-        result = yield self._bulk_get_push_rules_for_room(
-            event.room_id, state_group, current_state_ids, event=event
-        )
-        return result
-
-    @cachedInlineCallbacks(num_args=2, cache_context=True)
-    def _bulk_get_push_rules_for_room(
-        self, room_id, state_group, current_state_ids, cache_context, event=None
-    ):
-        # We don't use `state_group`, its there so that we can cache based
-        # on it. However, its important that its never None, since two current_state's
-        # with a state_group of None are likely to be different.
-        # See bulk_get_push_rules_for_room for how we work around this.
-        assert state_group is not None
-
-        # We also will want to generate notifs for other people in the room so
-        # their unread countss are correct in the event stream, but to avoid
-        # generating them for bot / AS users etc, we only do so for people who've
-        # sent a read receipt into the room.
-
-        users_in_room = yield self._get_joined_users_from_context(
-            room_id,
-            state_group,
-            current_state_ids,
-            on_invalidate=cache_context.invalidate,
-            event=event,
-        )
-
-        # We ignore app service users for now. This is so that we don't fill
-        # up the `get_if_users_have_pushers` cache with AS entries that we
-        # know don't have pushers, nor even read receipts.
-        local_users_in_room = set(
-            u
-            for u in users_in_room
-            if self.hs.is_mine_id(u)
-            and not self.get_if_app_services_interested_in_user(u)
-        )
-
-        # users in the room who have pushers need to get push rules run because
-        # that's how their pushers work
-        if_users_with_pushers = yield self.get_if_users_have_pushers(
-            local_users_in_room, on_invalidate=cache_context.invalidate
-        )
-        user_ids = set(
-            uid for uid, have_pusher in if_users_with_pushers.items() if have_pusher
-        )
-
-        users_with_receipts = yield self.get_users_with_read_receipts_in_room(
-            room_id, on_invalidate=cache_context.invalidate
-        )
-
-        # any users with pushers must be ours: they have pushers
-        for uid in users_with_receipts:
-            if uid in local_users_in_room:
-                user_ids.add(uid)
-
-        rules_by_user = yield self.bulk_get_push_rules(
-            user_ids, on_invalidate=cache_context.invalidate
-        )
-
-        rules_by_user = {k: v for k, v in rules_by_user.items() if v is not None}
-
-        return rules_by_user
-
-    @cachedList(
-        cached_method_name="get_push_rules_enabled_for_user",
-        list_name="user_ids",
-        num_args=1,
-        inlineCallbacks=True,
-    )
-    def bulk_get_push_rules_enabled(self, user_ids):
-        if not user_ids:
-            return {}
-
-        results = {user_id: {} for user_id in user_ids}
-
-        rows = yield self._simple_select_many_batch(
-            table="push_rules_enable",
-            column="user_name",
-            iterable=user_ids,
-            retcols=("user_name", "rule_id", "enabled"),
-            desc="bulk_get_push_rules_enabled",
-        )
-        for row in rows:
-            enabled = bool(row["enabled"])
-            results.setdefault(row["user_name"], {})[row["rule_id"]] = enabled
-        return results
-
-
-class PushRuleStore(PushRulesWorkerStore):
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def add_push_rule(
-        self,
-        user_id,
-        rule_id,
-        priority_class,
-        conditions,
-        actions,
-        before=None,
-        after=None,
-    ):
-        conditions_json = json.dumps(conditions)
-        actions_json = json.dumps(actions)
-        with self._push_rules_stream_id_gen.get_next() as ids:
-            stream_id, event_stream_ordering = ids
-            if before or after:
-                yield self.runInteraction(
-                    "_add_push_rule_relative_txn",
-                    self._add_push_rule_relative_txn,
-                    stream_id,
-                    event_stream_ordering,
-                    user_id,
-                    rule_id,
-                    priority_class,
-                    conditions_json,
-                    actions_json,
-                    before,
-                    after,
-                )
-            else:
-                yield self.runInteraction(
-                    "_add_push_rule_highest_priority_txn",
-                    self._add_push_rule_highest_priority_txn,
-                    stream_id,
-                    event_stream_ordering,
-                    user_id,
-                    rule_id,
-                    priority_class,
-                    conditions_json,
-                    actions_json,
-                )
-
-    def _add_push_rule_relative_txn(
-        self,
-        txn,
-        stream_id,
-        event_stream_ordering,
-        user_id,
-        rule_id,
-        priority_class,
-        conditions_json,
-        actions_json,
-        before,
-        after,
-    ):
-        # Lock the table since otherwise we'll have annoying races between the
-        # SELECT here and the UPSERT below.
-        self.database_engine.lock_table(txn, "push_rules")
-
-        relative_to_rule = before or after
-
-        res = self._simple_select_one_txn(
-            txn,
-            table="push_rules",
-            keyvalues={"user_name": user_id, "rule_id": relative_to_rule},
-            retcols=["priority_class", "priority"],
-            allow_none=True,
-        )
-
-        if not res:
-            raise RuleNotFoundException(
-                "before/after rule not found: %s" % (relative_to_rule,)
-            )
-
-        base_priority_class = res["priority_class"]
-        base_rule_priority = res["priority"]
-
-        if base_priority_class != priority_class:
-            raise InconsistentRuleException(
-                "Given priority class does not match class of relative rule"
-            )
-
-        if before:
-            # Higher priority rules are executed first, So adding a rule before
-            # a rule means giving it a higher priority than that rule.
-            new_rule_priority = base_rule_priority + 1
-        else:
-            # We increment the priority of the existing rules to make space for
-            # the new rule. Therefore if we want this rule to appear after
-            # an existing rule we give it the priority of the existing rule,
-            # and then increment the priority of the existing rule.
-            new_rule_priority = base_rule_priority
-
-        sql = (
-            "UPDATE push_rules SET priority = priority + 1"
-            " WHERE user_name = ? AND priority_class = ? AND priority >= ?"
-        )
-
-        txn.execute(sql, (user_id, priority_class, new_rule_priority))
-
-        self._upsert_push_rule_txn(
-            txn,
-            stream_id,
-            event_stream_ordering,
-            user_id,
-            rule_id,
-            priority_class,
-            new_rule_priority,
-            conditions_json,
-            actions_json,
-        )
-
-    def _add_push_rule_highest_priority_txn(
-        self,
-        txn,
-        stream_id,
-        event_stream_ordering,
-        user_id,
-        rule_id,
-        priority_class,
-        conditions_json,
-        actions_json,
-    ):
-        # Lock the table since otherwise we'll have annoying races between the
-        # SELECT here and the UPSERT below.
-        self.database_engine.lock_table(txn, "push_rules")
-
-        # find the highest priority rule in that class
-        sql = (
-            "SELECT COUNT(*), MAX(priority) FROM push_rules"
-            " WHERE user_name = ? and priority_class = ?"
-        )
-        txn.execute(sql, (user_id, priority_class))
-        res = txn.fetchall()
-        (how_many, highest_prio) = res[0]
-
-        new_prio = 0
-        if how_many > 0:
-            new_prio = highest_prio + 1
-
-        self._upsert_push_rule_txn(
-            txn,
-            stream_id,
-            event_stream_ordering,
-            user_id,
-            rule_id,
-            priority_class,
-            new_prio,
-            conditions_json,
-            actions_json,
-        )
-
-    def _upsert_push_rule_txn(
-        self,
-        txn,
-        stream_id,
-        event_stream_ordering,
-        user_id,
-        rule_id,
-        priority_class,
-        priority,
-        conditions_json,
-        actions_json,
-        update_stream=True,
-    ):
-        """Specialised version of _simple_upsert_txn that picks a push_rule_id
-        using the _push_rule_id_gen if it needs to insert the rule. It assumes
-        that the "push_rules" table is locked"""
-
-        sql = (
-            "UPDATE push_rules"
-            " SET priority_class = ?, priority = ?, conditions = ?, actions = ?"
-            " WHERE user_name = ? AND rule_id = ?"
-        )
-
-        txn.execute(
-            sql,
-            (priority_class, priority, conditions_json, actions_json, user_id, rule_id),
-        )
-
-        if txn.rowcount == 0:
-            # We didn't update a row with the given rule_id so insert one
-            push_rule_id = self._push_rule_id_gen.get_next()
-
-            self._simple_insert_txn(
-                txn,
-                table="push_rules",
-                values={
-                    "id": push_rule_id,
-                    "user_name": user_id,
-                    "rule_id": rule_id,
-                    "priority_class": priority_class,
-                    "priority": priority,
-                    "conditions": conditions_json,
-                    "actions": actions_json,
-                },
-            )
-
-        if update_stream:
-            self._insert_push_rules_update_txn(
-                txn,
-                stream_id,
-                event_stream_ordering,
-                user_id,
-                rule_id,
-                op="ADD",
-                data={
-                    "priority_class": priority_class,
-                    "priority": priority,
-                    "conditions": conditions_json,
-                    "actions": actions_json,
-                },
-            )
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def delete_push_rule(self, user_id, rule_id):
-        """
-        Delete a push rule. Args specify the row to be deleted and can be
-        any of the columns in the push_rule table, but below are the
-        standard ones
-
-        Args:
-            user_id (str): The matrix ID of the push rule owner
-            rule_id (str): The rule_id of the rule to be deleted
-        """
-
-        def delete_push_rule_txn(txn, stream_id, event_stream_ordering):
-            self._simple_delete_one_txn(
-                txn, "push_rules", {"user_name": user_id, "rule_id": rule_id}
-            )
-
-            self._insert_push_rules_update_txn(
-                txn, stream_id, event_stream_ordering, user_id, rule_id, op="DELETE"
-            )
-
-        with self._push_rules_stream_id_gen.get_next() as ids:
-            stream_id, event_stream_ordering = ids
-            yield self.runInteraction(
-                "delete_push_rule",
-                delete_push_rule_txn,
-                stream_id,
-                event_stream_ordering,
-            )
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def set_push_rule_enabled(self, user_id, rule_id, enabled):
-        with self._push_rules_stream_id_gen.get_next() as ids:
-            stream_id, event_stream_ordering = ids
-            yield self.runInteraction(
-                "_set_push_rule_enabled_txn",
-                self._set_push_rule_enabled_txn,
-                stream_id,
-                event_stream_ordering,
-                user_id,
-                rule_id,
-                enabled,
-            )
-
-    def _set_push_rule_enabled_txn(
-        self, txn, stream_id, event_stream_ordering, user_id, rule_id, enabled
-    ):
-        new_id = self._push_rules_enable_id_gen.get_next()
-        self._simple_upsert_txn(
-            txn,
-            "push_rules_enable",
-            {"user_name": user_id, "rule_id": rule_id},
-            {"enabled": 1 if enabled else 0},
-            {"id": new_id},
-        )
-
-        self._insert_push_rules_update_txn(
-            txn,
-            stream_id,
-            event_stream_ordering,
-            user_id,
-            rule_id,
-            op="ENABLE" if enabled else "DISABLE",
-        )
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def set_push_rule_actions(self, user_id, rule_id, actions, is_default_rule):
-        actions_json = json.dumps(actions)
-
-        def set_push_rule_actions_txn(txn, stream_id, event_stream_ordering):
-            if is_default_rule:
-                # Add a dummy rule to the rules table with the user specified
-                # actions.
-                priority_class = -1
-                priority = 1
-                self._upsert_push_rule_txn(
-                    txn,
-                    stream_id,
-                    event_stream_ordering,
-                    user_id,
-                    rule_id,
-                    priority_class,
-                    priority,
-                    "[]",
-                    actions_json,
-                    update_stream=False,
-                )
-            else:
-                self._simple_update_one_txn(
-                    txn,
-                    "push_rules",
-                    {"user_name": user_id, "rule_id": rule_id},
-                    {"actions": actions_json},
-                )
-
-            self._insert_push_rules_update_txn(
-                txn,
-                stream_id,
-                event_stream_ordering,
-                user_id,
-                rule_id,
-                op="ACTIONS",
-                data={"actions": actions_json},
-            )
-
-        with self._push_rules_stream_id_gen.get_next() as ids:
-            stream_id, event_stream_ordering = ids
-            yield self.runInteraction(
-                "set_push_rule_actions",
-                set_push_rule_actions_txn,
-                stream_id,
-                event_stream_ordering,
-            )
-
-    def _insert_push_rules_update_txn(
-        self, txn, stream_id, event_stream_ordering, user_id, rule_id, op, data=None
-    ):
-        values = {
-            "stream_id": stream_id,
-            "event_stream_ordering": event_stream_ordering,
-            "user_id": user_id,
-            "rule_id": rule_id,
-            "op": op,
-        }
-        if data is not None:
-            values.update(data)
-
-        self._simple_insert_txn(txn, "push_rules_stream", values=values)
-
-        txn.call_after(self.get_push_rules_for_user.invalidate, (user_id,))
-        txn.call_after(self.get_push_rules_enabled_for_user.invalidate, (user_id,))
-        txn.call_after(
-            self.push_rules_stream_cache.entity_has_changed, user_id, stream_id
-        )
-
-    def get_all_push_rule_updates(self, last_id, current_id, limit):
-        """Get all the push rules changes that have happend on the server"""
-        if last_id == current_id:
-            return defer.succeed([])
-
-        def get_all_push_rule_updates_txn(txn):
-            sql = (
-                "SELECT stream_id, event_stream_ordering, user_id, rule_id,"
-                " op, priority_class, priority, conditions, actions"
-                " FROM push_rules_stream"
-                " WHERE ? < stream_id AND stream_id <= ?"
-                " ORDER BY stream_id ASC LIMIT ?"
-            )
-            txn.execute(sql, (last_id, current_id, limit))
-            return txn.fetchall()
-
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "get_all_push_rule_updates", get_all_push_rule_updates_txn
-        )
-
-    def get_push_rules_stream_token(self):
-        """Get the position of the push rules stream.
-        Returns a pair of a stream id for the push_rules stream and the
-        room stream ordering it corresponds to."""
-        return self._push_rules_stream_id_gen.get_current_token()
-
-    def get_max_push_rules_stream_id(self):
-        return self.get_push_rules_stream_token()[0]
-
 
 class RuleNotFoundException(Exception):
     pass
diff --git a/synapse/storage/pusher.py b/synapse/storage/pusher.py
deleted file mode 100644
index b12e80440a..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/pusher.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,372 +0,0 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-# Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
-# Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-
-import logging
-
-import six
-
-from canonicaljson import encode_canonical_json, json
-
-from twisted.internet import defer
-
-from synapse.util.caches.descriptors import cachedInlineCallbacks, cachedList
-
-from ._base import SQLBaseStore
-
-logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-
-if six.PY2:
-    db_binary_type = six.moves.builtins.buffer
-else:
-    db_binary_type = memoryview
-
-
-class PusherWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
-    def _decode_pushers_rows(self, rows):
-        for r in rows:
-            dataJson = r["data"]
-            r["data"] = None
-            try:
-                if isinstance(dataJson, db_binary_type):
-                    dataJson = str(dataJson).decode("UTF8")
-
-                r["data"] = json.loads(dataJson)
-            except Exception as e:
-                logger.warn(
-                    "Invalid JSON in data for pusher %d: %s, %s",
-                    r["id"],
-                    dataJson,
-                    e.args[0],
-                )
-                pass
-
-            if isinstance(r["pushkey"], db_binary_type):
-                r["pushkey"] = str(r["pushkey"]).decode("UTF8")
-
-        return rows
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def user_has_pusher(self, user_id):
-        ret = yield self._simple_select_one_onecol(
-            "pushers", {"user_name": user_id}, "id", allow_none=True
-        )
-        return ret is not None
-
-    def get_pushers_by_app_id_and_pushkey(self, app_id, pushkey):
-        return self.get_pushers_by({"app_id": app_id, "pushkey": pushkey})
-
-    def get_pushers_by_user_id(self, user_id):
-        return self.get_pushers_by({"user_name": user_id})
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_pushers_by(self, keyvalues):
-        ret = yield self._simple_select_list(
-            "pushers",
-            keyvalues,
-            [
-                "id",
-                "user_name",
-                "access_token",
-                "profile_tag",
-                "kind",
-                "app_id",
-                "app_display_name",
-                "device_display_name",
-                "pushkey",
-                "ts",
-                "lang",
-                "data",
-                "last_stream_ordering",
-                "last_success",
-                "failing_since",
-            ],
-            desc="get_pushers_by",
-        )
-        return self._decode_pushers_rows(ret)
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_all_pushers(self):
-        def get_pushers(txn):
-            txn.execute("SELECT * FROM pushers")
-            rows = self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
-
-            return self._decode_pushers_rows(rows)
-
-        rows = yield self.runInteraction("get_all_pushers", get_pushers)
-        return rows
-
-    def get_all_updated_pushers(self, last_id, current_id, limit):
-        if last_id == current_id:
-            return defer.succeed(([], []))
-
-        def get_all_updated_pushers_txn(txn):
-            sql = (
-                "SELECT id, user_name, access_token, profile_tag, kind,"
-                " app_id, app_display_name, device_display_name, pushkey, ts,"
-                " lang, data"
-                " FROM pushers"
-                " WHERE ? < id AND id <= ?"
-                " ORDER BY id ASC LIMIT ?"
-            )
-            txn.execute(sql, (last_id, current_id, limit))
-            updated = txn.fetchall()
-
-            sql = (
-                "SELECT stream_id, user_id, app_id, pushkey"
-                " FROM deleted_pushers"
-                " WHERE ? < stream_id AND stream_id <= ?"
-                " ORDER BY stream_id ASC LIMIT ?"
-            )
-            txn.execute(sql, (last_id, current_id, limit))
-            deleted = txn.fetchall()
-
-            return updated, deleted
-
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "get_all_updated_pushers", get_all_updated_pushers_txn
-        )
-
-    def get_all_updated_pushers_rows(self, last_id, current_id, limit):
-        """Get all the pushers that have changed between the given tokens.
-
-        Returns:
-            Deferred(list(tuple)): each tuple consists of:
-                stream_id (str)
-                user_id (str)
-                app_id (str)
-                pushkey (str)
-                was_deleted (bool): whether the pusher was added/updated (False)
-                    or deleted (True)
-        """
-
-        if last_id == current_id:
-            return defer.succeed([])
-
-        def get_all_updated_pushers_rows_txn(txn):
-            sql = (
-                "SELECT id, user_name, app_id, pushkey"
-                " FROM pushers"
-                " WHERE ? < id AND id <= ?"
-                " ORDER BY id ASC LIMIT ?"
-            )
-            txn.execute(sql, (last_id, current_id, limit))
-            results = [list(row) + [False] for row in txn]
-
-            sql = (
-                "SELECT stream_id, user_id, app_id, pushkey"
-                " FROM deleted_pushers"
-                " WHERE ? < stream_id AND stream_id <= ?"
-                " ORDER BY stream_id ASC LIMIT ?"
-            )
-            txn.execute(sql, (last_id, current_id, limit))
-
-            results.extend(list(row) + [True] for row in txn)
-            results.sort()  # Sort so that they're ordered by stream id
-
-            return results
-
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "get_all_updated_pushers_rows", get_all_updated_pushers_rows_txn
-        )
-
-    @cachedInlineCallbacks(num_args=1, max_entries=15000)
-    def get_if_user_has_pusher(self, user_id):
-        # This only exists for the cachedList decorator
-        raise NotImplementedError()
-
-    @cachedList(
-        cached_method_name="get_if_user_has_pusher",
-        list_name="user_ids",
-        num_args=1,
-        inlineCallbacks=True,
-    )
-    def get_if_users_have_pushers(self, user_ids):
-        rows = yield self._simple_select_many_batch(
-            table="pushers",
-            column="user_name",
-            iterable=user_ids,
-            retcols=["user_name"],
-            desc="get_if_users_have_pushers",
-        )
-
-        result = {user_id: False for user_id in user_ids}
-        result.update({r["user_name"]: True for r in rows})
-
-        return result
-
-
-class PusherStore(PusherWorkerStore):
-    def get_pushers_stream_token(self):
-        return self._pushers_id_gen.get_current_token()
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def add_pusher(
-        self,
-        user_id,
-        access_token,
-        kind,
-        app_id,
-        app_display_name,
-        device_display_name,
-        pushkey,
-        pushkey_ts,
-        lang,
-        data,
-        last_stream_ordering,
-        profile_tag="",
-    ):
-        with self._pushers_id_gen.get_next() as stream_id:
-            # no need to lock because `pushers` has a unique key on
-            # (app_id, pushkey, user_name) so _simple_upsert will retry
-            yield self._simple_upsert(
-                table="pushers",
-                keyvalues={"app_id": app_id, "pushkey": pushkey, "user_name": user_id},
-                values={
-                    "access_token": access_token,
-                    "kind": kind,
-                    "app_display_name": app_display_name,
-                    "device_display_name": device_display_name,
-                    "ts": pushkey_ts,
-                    "lang": lang,
-                    "data": bytearray(encode_canonical_json(data)),
-                    "last_stream_ordering": last_stream_ordering,
-                    "profile_tag": profile_tag,
-                    "id": stream_id,
-                },
-                desc="add_pusher",
-                lock=False,
-            )
-
-            user_has_pusher = self.get_if_user_has_pusher.cache.get(
-                (user_id,), None, update_metrics=False
-            )
-
-            if user_has_pusher is not True:
-                # invalidate, since we the user might not have had a pusher before
-                yield self.runInteraction(
-                    "add_pusher",
-                    self._invalidate_cache_and_stream,
-                    self.get_if_user_has_pusher,
-                    (user_id,),
-                )
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def delete_pusher_by_app_id_pushkey_user_id(self, app_id, pushkey, user_id):
-        def delete_pusher_txn(txn, stream_id):
-            self._invalidate_cache_and_stream(
-                txn, self.get_if_user_has_pusher, (user_id,)
-            )
-
-            self._simple_delete_one_txn(
-                txn,
-                "pushers",
-                {"app_id": app_id, "pushkey": pushkey, "user_name": user_id},
-            )
-
-            # it's possible for us to end up with duplicate rows for
-            # (app_id, pushkey, user_id) at different stream_ids, but that
-            # doesn't really matter.
-            self._simple_insert_txn(
-                txn,
-                table="deleted_pushers",
-                values={
-                    "stream_id": stream_id,
-                    "app_id": app_id,
-                    "pushkey": pushkey,
-                    "user_id": user_id,
-                },
-            )
-
-        with self._pushers_id_gen.get_next() as stream_id:
-            yield self.runInteraction("delete_pusher", delete_pusher_txn, stream_id)
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def update_pusher_last_stream_ordering(
-        self, app_id, pushkey, user_id, last_stream_ordering
-    ):
-        yield self._simple_update_one(
-            "pushers",
-            {"app_id": app_id, "pushkey": pushkey, "user_name": user_id},
-            {"last_stream_ordering": last_stream_ordering},
-            desc="update_pusher_last_stream_ordering",
-        )
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def update_pusher_last_stream_ordering_and_success(
-        self, app_id, pushkey, user_id, last_stream_ordering, last_success
-    ):
-        """Update the last stream ordering position we've processed up to for
-        the given pusher.
-
-        Args:
-            app_id (str)
-            pushkey (str)
-            last_stream_ordering (int)
-            last_success (int)
-
-        Returns:
-            Deferred[bool]: True if the pusher still exists; False if it has been deleted.
-        """
-        updated = yield self._simple_update(
-            table="pushers",
-            keyvalues={"app_id": app_id, "pushkey": pushkey, "user_name": user_id},
-            updatevalues={
-                "last_stream_ordering": last_stream_ordering,
-                "last_success": last_success,
-            },
-            desc="update_pusher_last_stream_ordering_and_success",
-        )
-
-        return bool(updated)
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def update_pusher_failing_since(self, app_id, pushkey, user_id, failing_since):
-        yield self._simple_update(
-            table="pushers",
-            keyvalues={"app_id": app_id, "pushkey": pushkey, "user_name": user_id},
-            updatevalues={"failing_since": failing_since},
-            desc="update_pusher_failing_since",
-        )
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_throttle_params_by_room(self, pusher_id):
-        res = yield self._simple_select_list(
-            "pusher_throttle",
-            {"pusher": pusher_id},
-            ["room_id", "last_sent_ts", "throttle_ms"],
-            desc="get_throttle_params_by_room",
-        )
-
-        params_by_room = {}
-        for row in res:
-            params_by_room[row["room_id"]] = {
-                "last_sent_ts": row["last_sent_ts"],
-                "throttle_ms": row["throttle_ms"],
-            }
-
-        return params_by_room
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def set_throttle_params(self, pusher_id, room_id, params):
-        # no need to lock because `pusher_throttle` has a primary key on
-        # (pusher, room_id) so _simple_upsert will retry
-        yield self._simple_upsert(
-            "pusher_throttle",
-            {"pusher": pusher_id, "room_id": room_id},
-            params,
-            desc="set_throttle_params",
-            lock=False,
-        )
diff --git a/synapse/storage/receipts.py b/synapse/storage/receipts.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 0c24430f28..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/receipts.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,536 +0,0 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-# Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
-# Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-
-import abc
-import logging
-
-from canonicaljson import json
-
-from twisted.internet import defer
-
-from synapse.storage._base import SQLBaseStore, make_in_list_sql_clause
-from synapse.storage.util.id_generators import StreamIdGenerator
-from synapse.util.caches.descriptors import cached, cachedInlineCallbacks, cachedList
-from synapse.util.caches.stream_change_cache import StreamChangeCache
-
-logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-
-
-class ReceiptsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
-    """This is an abstract base class where subclasses must implement
-    `get_max_receipt_stream_id` which can be called in the initializer.
-    """
-
-    # This ABCMeta metaclass ensures that we cannot be instantiated without
-    # the abstract methods being implemented.
-    __metaclass__ = abc.ABCMeta
-
-    def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
-        super(ReceiptsWorkerStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
-
-        self._receipts_stream_cache = StreamChangeCache(
-            "ReceiptsRoomChangeCache", self.get_max_receipt_stream_id()
-        )
-
-    @abc.abstractmethod
-    def get_max_receipt_stream_id(self):
-        """Get the current max stream ID for receipts stream
-
-        Returns:
-            int
-        """
-        raise NotImplementedError()
-
-    @cachedInlineCallbacks()
-    def get_users_with_read_receipts_in_room(self, room_id):
-        receipts = yield self.get_receipts_for_room(room_id, "m.read")
-        return set(r["user_id"] for r in receipts)
-
-    @cached(num_args=2)
-    def get_receipts_for_room(self, room_id, receipt_type):
-        return self._simple_select_list(
-            table="receipts_linearized",
-            keyvalues={"room_id": room_id, "receipt_type": receipt_type},
-            retcols=("user_id", "event_id"),
-            desc="get_receipts_for_room",
-        )
-
-    @cached(num_args=3)
-    def get_last_receipt_event_id_for_user(self, user_id, room_id, receipt_type):
-        return self._simple_select_one_onecol(
-            table="receipts_linearized",
-            keyvalues={
-                "room_id": room_id,
-                "receipt_type": receipt_type,
-                "user_id": user_id,
-            },
-            retcol="event_id",
-            desc="get_own_receipt_for_user",
-            allow_none=True,
-        )
-
-    @cachedInlineCallbacks(num_args=2)
-    def get_receipts_for_user(self, user_id, receipt_type):
-        rows = yield self._simple_select_list(
-            table="receipts_linearized",
-            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "receipt_type": receipt_type},
-            retcols=("room_id", "event_id"),
-            desc="get_receipts_for_user",
-        )
-
-        return {row["room_id"]: row["event_id"] for row in rows}
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_receipts_for_user_with_orderings(self, user_id, receipt_type):
-        def f(txn):
-            sql = (
-                "SELECT rl.room_id, rl.event_id,"
-                " e.topological_ordering, e.stream_ordering"
-                " FROM receipts_linearized AS rl"
-                " INNER JOIN events AS e USING (room_id, event_id)"
-                " WHERE rl.room_id = e.room_id"
-                " AND rl.event_id = e.event_id"
-                " AND user_id = ?"
-            )
-            txn.execute(sql, (user_id,))
-            return txn.fetchall()
-
-        rows = yield self.runInteraction("get_receipts_for_user_with_orderings", f)
-        return {
-            row[0]: {
-                "event_id": row[1],
-                "topological_ordering": row[2],
-                "stream_ordering": row[3],
-            }
-            for row in rows
-        }
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_linearized_receipts_for_rooms(self, room_ids, to_key, from_key=None):
-        """Get receipts for multiple rooms for sending to clients.
-
-        Args:
-            room_ids (list): List of room_ids.
-            to_key (int): Max stream id to fetch receipts upto.
-            from_key (int): Min stream id to fetch receipts from. None fetches
-                from the start.
-
-        Returns:
-            list: A list of receipts.
-        """
-        room_ids = set(room_ids)
-
-        if from_key is not None:
-            # Only ask the database about rooms where there have been new
-            # receipts added since `from_key`
-            room_ids = yield self._receipts_stream_cache.get_entities_changed(
-                room_ids, from_key
-            )
-
-        results = yield self._get_linearized_receipts_for_rooms(
-            room_ids, to_key, from_key=from_key
-        )
-
-        return [ev for res in results.values() for ev in res]
-
-    def get_linearized_receipts_for_room(self, room_id, to_key, from_key=None):
-        """Get receipts for a single room for sending to clients.
-
-        Args:
-            room_ids (str): The room id.
-            to_key (int): Max stream id to fetch receipts upto.
-            from_key (int): Min stream id to fetch receipts from. None fetches
-                from the start.
-
-        Returns:
-            Deferred[list]: A list of receipts.
-        """
-        if from_key is not None:
-            # Check the cache first to see if any new receipts have been added
-            # since`from_key`. If not we can no-op.
-            if not self._receipts_stream_cache.has_entity_changed(room_id, from_key):
-                defer.succeed([])
-
-        return self._get_linearized_receipts_for_room(room_id, to_key, from_key)
-
-    @cachedInlineCallbacks(num_args=3, tree=True)
-    def _get_linearized_receipts_for_room(self, room_id, to_key, from_key=None):
-        """See get_linearized_receipts_for_room
-        """
-
-        def f(txn):
-            if from_key:
-                sql = (
-                    "SELECT * FROM receipts_linearized WHERE"
-                    " room_id = ? AND stream_id > ? AND stream_id <= ?"
-                )
-
-                txn.execute(sql, (room_id, from_key, to_key))
-            else:
-                sql = (
-                    "SELECT * FROM receipts_linearized WHERE"
-                    " room_id = ? AND stream_id <= ?"
-                )
-
-                txn.execute(sql, (room_id, to_key))
-
-            rows = self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
-
-            return rows
-
-        rows = yield self.runInteraction("get_linearized_receipts_for_room", f)
-
-        if not rows:
-            return []
-
-        content = {}
-        for row in rows:
-            content.setdefault(row["event_id"], {}).setdefault(row["receipt_type"], {})[
-                row["user_id"]
-            ] = json.loads(row["data"])
-
-        return [{"type": "m.receipt", "room_id": room_id, "content": content}]
-
-    @cachedList(
-        cached_method_name="_get_linearized_receipts_for_room",
-        list_name="room_ids",
-        num_args=3,
-        inlineCallbacks=True,
-    )
-    def _get_linearized_receipts_for_rooms(self, room_ids, to_key, from_key=None):
-        if not room_ids:
-            return {}
-
-        def f(txn):
-            if from_key:
-                sql = """
-                    SELECT * FROM receipts_linearized WHERE
-                    stream_id > ? AND stream_id <= ? AND
-                """
-                clause, args = make_in_list_sql_clause(
-                    self.database_engine, "room_id", room_ids
-                )
-
-                txn.execute(sql + clause, [from_key, to_key] + list(args))
-            else:
-                sql = """
-                    SELECT * FROM receipts_linearized WHERE
-                    stream_id <= ? AND
-                """
-
-                clause, args = make_in_list_sql_clause(
-                    self.database_engine, "room_id", room_ids
-                )
-
-                txn.execute(sql + clause, [to_key] + list(args))
-
-            return self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
-
-        txn_results = yield self.runInteraction("_get_linearized_receipts_for_rooms", f)
-
-        results = {}
-        for row in txn_results:
-            # We want a single event per room, since we want to batch the
-            # receipts by room, event and type.
-            room_event = results.setdefault(
-                row["room_id"],
-                {"type": "m.receipt", "room_id": row["room_id"], "content": {}},
-            )
-
-            # The content is of the form:
-            # {"$foo:bar": { "read": { "@user:host": <receipt> }, .. }, .. }
-            event_entry = room_event["content"].setdefault(row["event_id"], {})
-            receipt_type = event_entry.setdefault(row["receipt_type"], {})
-
-            receipt_type[row["user_id"]] = json.loads(row["data"])
-
-        results = {
-            room_id: [results[room_id]] if room_id in results else []
-            for room_id in room_ids
-        }
-        return results
-
-    def get_all_updated_receipts(self, last_id, current_id, limit=None):
-        if last_id == current_id:
-            return defer.succeed([])
-
-        def get_all_updated_receipts_txn(txn):
-            sql = (
-                "SELECT stream_id, room_id, receipt_type, user_id, event_id, data"
-                " FROM receipts_linearized"
-                " WHERE ? < stream_id AND stream_id <= ?"
-                " ORDER BY stream_id ASC"
-            )
-            args = [last_id, current_id]
-            if limit is not None:
-                sql += " LIMIT ?"
-                args.append(limit)
-            txn.execute(sql, args)
-
-            return (r[0:5] + (json.loads(r[5]),) for r in txn)
-
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "get_all_updated_receipts", get_all_updated_receipts_txn
-        )
-
-    def _invalidate_get_users_with_receipts_in_room(
-        self, room_id, receipt_type, user_id
-    ):
-        if receipt_type != "m.read":
-            return
-
-        # Returns either an ObservableDeferred or the raw result
-        res = self.get_users_with_read_receipts_in_room.cache.get(
-            room_id, None, update_metrics=False
-        )
-
-        # first handle the Deferred case
-        if isinstance(res, defer.Deferred):
-            if res.called:
-                res = res.result
-            else:
-                res = None
-
-        if res and user_id in res:
-            # We'd only be adding to the set, so no point invalidating if the
-            # user is already there
-            return
-
-        self.get_users_with_read_receipts_in_room.invalidate((room_id,))
-
-
-class ReceiptsStore(ReceiptsWorkerStore):
-    def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
-        # We instantiate this first as the ReceiptsWorkerStore constructor
-        # needs to be able to call get_max_receipt_stream_id
-        self._receipts_id_gen = StreamIdGenerator(
-            db_conn, "receipts_linearized", "stream_id"
-        )
-
-        super(ReceiptsStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
-
-    def get_max_receipt_stream_id(self):
-        return self._receipts_id_gen.get_current_token()
-
-    def insert_linearized_receipt_txn(
-        self, txn, room_id, receipt_type, user_id, event_id, data, stream_id
-    ):
-        """Inserts a read-receipt into the database if it's newer than the current RR
-
-        Returns: int|None
-            None if the RR is older than the current RR
-            otherwise, the rx timestamp of the event that the RR corresponds to
-                (or 0 if the event is unknown)
-        """
-        res = self._simple_select_one_txn(
-            txn,
-            table="events",
-            retcols=["stream_ordering", "received_ts"],
-            keyvalues={"event_id": event_id},
-            allow_none=True,
-        )
-
-        stream_ordering = int(res["stream_ordering"]) if res else None
-        rx_ts = res["received_ts"] if res else 0
-
-        # We don't want to clobber receipts for more recent events, so we
-        # have to compare orderings of existing receipts
-        if stream_ordering is not None:
-            sql = (
-                "SELECT stream_ordering, event_id FROM events"
-                " INNER JOIN receipts_linearized as r USING (event_id, room_id)"
-                " WHERE r.room_id = ? AND r.receipt_type = ? AND r.user_id = ?"
-            )
-            txn.execute(sql, (room_id, receipt_type, user_id))
-
-            for so, eid in txn:
-                if int(so) >= stream_ordering:
-                    logger.debug(
-                        "Ignoring new receipt for %s in favour of existing "
-                        "one for later event %s",
-                        event_id,
-                        eid,
-                    )
-                    return None
-
-        txn.call_after(self.get_receipts_for_room.invalidate, (room_id, receipt_type))
-        txn.call_after(
-            self._invalidate_get_users_with_receipts_in_room,
-            room_id,
-            receipt_type,
-            user_id,
-        )
-        txn.call_after(self.get_receipts_for_user.invalidate, (user_id, receipt_type))
-        # FIXME: This shouldn't invalidate the whole cache
-        txn.call_after(
-            self._get_linearized_receipts_for_room.invalidate_many, (room_id,)
-        )
-
-        txn.call_after(
-            self._receipts_stream_cache.entity_has_changed, room_id, stream_id
-        )
-
-        txn.call_after(
-            self.get_last_receipt_event_id_for_user.invalidate,
-            (user_id, room_id, receipt_type),
-        )
-
-        self._simple_delete_txn(
-            txn,
-            table="receipts_linearized",
-            keyvalues={
-                "room_id": room_id,
-                "receipt_type": receipt_type,
-                "user_id": user_id,
-            },
-        )
-
-        self._simple_insert_txn(
-            txn,
-            table="receipts_linearized",
-            values={
-                "stream_id": stream_id,
-                "room_id": room_id,
-                "receipt_type": receipt_type,
-                "user_id": user_id,
-                "event_id": event_id,
-                "data": json.dumps(data),
-            },
-        )
-
-        if receipt_type == "m.read" and stream_ordering is not None:
-            self._remove_old_push_actions_before_txn(
-                txn, room_id=room_id, user_id=user_id, stream_ordering=stream_ordering
-            )
-
-        return rx_ts
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def insert_receipt(self, room_id, receipt_type, user_id, event_ids, data):
-        """Insert a receipt, either from local client or remote server.
-
-        Automatically does conversion between linearized and graph
-        representations.
-        """
-        if not event_ids:
-            return
-
-        if len(event_ids) == 1:
-            linearized_event_id = event_ids[0]
-        else:
-            # we need to points in graph -> linearized form.
-            # TODO: Make this better.
-            def graph_to_linear(txn):
-                clause, args = make_in_list_sql_clause(
-                    self.database_engine, "event_id", event_ids
-                )
-
-                sql = """
-                    SELECT event_id WHERE room_id = ? AND stream_ordering IN (
-                        SELECT max(stream_ordering) WHERE %s
-                    )
-                """ % (
-                    clause,
-                )
-
-                txn.execute(sql, [room_id] + list(args))
-                rows = txn.fetchall()
-                if rows:
-                    return rows[0][0]
-                else:
-                    raise RuntimeError("Unrecognized event_ids: %r" % (event_ids,))
-
-            linearized_event_id = yield self.runInteraction(
-                "insert_receipt_conv", graph_to_linear
-            )
-
-        stream_id_manager = self._receipts_id_gen.get_next()
-        with stream_id_manager as stream_id:
-            event_ts = yield self.runInteraction(
-                "insert_linearized_receipt",
-                self.insert_linearized_receipt_txn,
-                room_id,
-                receipt_type,
-                user_id,
-                linearized_event_id,
-                data,
-                stream_id=stream_id,
-            )
-
-        if event_ts is None:
-            return None
-
-        now = self._clock.time_msec()
-        logger.debug(
-            "RR for event %s in %s (%i ms old)",
-            linearized_event_id,
-            room_id,
-            now - event_ts,
-        )
-
-        yield self.insert_graph_receipt(room_id, receipt_type, user_id, event_ids, data)
-
-        max_persisted_id = self._receipts_id_gen.get_current_token()
-
-        return stream_id, max_persisted_id
-
-    def insert_graph_receipt(self, room_id, receipt_type, user_id, event_ids, data):
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "insert_graph_receipt",
-            self.insert_graph_receipt_txn,
-            room_id,
-            receipt_type,
-            user_id,
-            event_ids,
-            data,
-        )
-
-    def insert_graph_receipt_txn(
-        self, txn, room_id, receipt_type, user_id, event_ids, data
-    ):
-        txn.call_after(self.get_receipts_for_room.invalidate, (room_id, receipt_type))
-        txn.call_after(
-            self._invalidate_get_users_with_receipts_in_room,
-            room_id,
-            receipt_type,
-            user_id,
-        )
-        txn.call_after(self.get_receipts_for_user.invalidate, (user_id, receipt_type))
-        # FIXME: This shouldn't invalidate the whole cache
-        txn.call_after(
-            self._get_linearized_receipts_for_room.invalidate_many, (room_id,)
-        )
-
-        self._simple_delete_txn(
-            txn,
-            table="receipts_graph",
-            keyvalues={
-                "room_id": room_id,
-                "receipt_type": receipt_type,
-                "user_id": user_id,
-            },
-        )
-        self._simple_insert_txn(
-            txn,
-            table="receipts_graph",
-            values={
-                "room_id": room_id,
-                "receipt_type": receipt_type,
-                "user_id": user_id,
-                "event_ids": json.dumps(event_ids),
-                "data": json.dumps(data),
-            },
-        )
diff --git a/synapse/storage/registration.py b/synapse/storage/registration.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 6c5b29288a..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/registration.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,1499 +0,0 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-# Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
-# Copyright 2017-2018 New Vector Ltd
-# Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-
-import logging
-import re
-
-from six import iterkeys
-from six.moves import range
-
-from twisted.internet import defer
-from twisted.internet.defer import Deferred
-
-from synapse.api.constants import UserTypes
-from synapse.api.errors import Codes, StoreError, SynapseError, ThreepidValidationError
-from synapse.metrics.background_process_metrics import run_as_background_process
-from synapse.storage import background_updates
-from synapse.storage._base import SQLBaseStore
-from synapse.types import UserID
-from synapse.util.caches.descriptors import cached, cachedInlineCallbacks
-
-THIRTY_MINUTES_IN_MS = 30 * 60 * 1000
-
-logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-
-
-class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
-    def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
-        super(RegistrationWorkerStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
-
-        self.config = hs.config
-        self.clock = hs.get_clock()
-
-    @cached()
-    def get_user_by_id(self, user_id):
-        return self._simple_select_one(
-            table="users",
-            keyvalues={"name": user_id},
-            retcols=[
-                "name",
-                "password_hash",
-                "is_guest",
-                "consent_version",
-                "consent_server_notice_sent",
-                "appservice_id",
-                "creation_ts",
-                "user_type",
-            ],
-            allow_none=True,
-            desc="get_user_by_id",
-        )
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def is_trial_user(self, user_id):
-        """Checks if user is in the "trial" period, i.e. within the first
-        N days of registration defined by `mau_trial_days` config
-
-        Args:
-            user_id (str)
-
-        Returns:
-            Deferred[bool]
-        """
-
-        info = yield self.get_user_by_id(user_id)
-        if not info:
-            return False
-
-        now = self.clock.time_msec()
-        trial_duration_ms = self.config.mau_trial_days * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000
-        is_trial = (now - info["creation_ts"] * 1000) < trial_duration_ms
-        return is_trial
-
-    @cached()
-    def get_user_by_access_token(self, token):
-        """Get a user from the given access token.
-
-        Args:
-            token (str): The access token of a user.
-        Returns:
-            defer.Deferred: None, if the token did not match, otherwise dict
-                including the keys `name`, `is_guest`, `device_id`, `token_id`,
-                `valid_until_ms`.
-        """
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "get_user_by_access_token", self._query_for_auth, token
-        )
-
-    @cachedInlineCallbacks()
-    def get_expiration_ts_for_user(self, user_id):
-        """Get the expiration timestamp for the account bearing a given user ID.
-
-        Args:
-            user_id (str): The ID of the user.
-        Returns:
-            defer.Deferred: None, if the account has no expiration timestamp,
-                otherwise int representation of the timestamp (as a number of
-                milliseconds since epoch).
-        """
-        res = yield self._simple_select_one_onecol(
-            table="account_validity",
-            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
-            retcol="expiration_ts_ms",
-            allow_none=True,
-            desc="get_expiration_ts_for_user",
-        )
-        return res
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def set_account_validity_for_user(
-        self, user_id, expiration_ts, email_sent, renewal_token=None
-    ):
-        """Updates the account validity properties of the given account, with the
-        given values.
-
-        Args:
-            user_id (str): ID of the account to update properties for.
-            expiration_ts (int): New expiration date, as a timestamp in milliseconds
-                since epoch.
-            email_sent (bool): True means a renewal email has been sent for this
-                account and there's no need to send another one for the current validity
-                period.
-            renewal_token (str): Renewal token the user can use to extend the validity
-                of their account. Defaults to no token.
-        """
-
-        def set_account_validity_for_user_txn(txn):
-            self._simple_update_txn(
-                txn=txn,
-                table="account_validity",
-                keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
-                updatevalues={
-                    "expiration_ts_ms": expiration_ts,
-                    "email_sent": email_sent,
-                    "renewal_token": renewal_token,
-                },
-            )
-            self._invalidate_cache_and_stream(
-                txn, self.get_expiration_ts_for_user, (user_id,)
-            )
-
-        yield self.runInteraction(
-            "set_account_validity_for_user", set_account_validity_for_user_txn
-        )
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def set_renewal_token_for_user(self, user_id, renewal_token):
-        """Defines a renewal token for a given user.
-
-        Args:
-            user_id (str): ID of the user to set the renewal token for.
-            renewal_token (str): Random unique string that will be used to renew the
-                user's account.
-
-        Raises:
-            StoreError: The provided token is already set for another user.
-        """
-        yield self._simple_update_one(
-            table="account_validity",
-            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
-            updatevalues={"renewal_token": renewal_token},
-            desc="set_renewal_token_for_user",
-        )
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_user_from_renewal_token(self, renewal_token):
-        """Get a user ID from a renewal token.
-
-        Args:
-            renewal_token (str): The renewal token to perform the lookup with.
-
-        Returns:
-            defer.Deferred[str]: The ID of the user to which the token belongs.
-        """
-        res = yield self._simple_select_one_onecol(
-            table="account_validity",
-            keyvalues={"renewal_token": renewal_token},
-            retcol="user_id",
-            desc="get_user_from_renewal_token",
-        )
-
-        return res
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_renewal_token_for_user(self, user_id):
-        """Get the renewal token associated with a given user ID.
-
-        Args:
-            user_id (str): The user ID to lookup a token for.
-
-        Returns:
-            defer.Deferred[str]: The renewal token associated with this user ID.
-        """
-        res = yield self._simple_select_one_onecol(
-            table="account_validity",
-            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
-            retcol="renewal_token",
-            desc="get_renewal_token_for_user",
-        )
-
-        return res
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_users_expiring_soon(self):
-        """Selects users whose account will expire in the [now, now + renew_at] time
-        window (see configuration for account_validity for information on what renew_at
-        refers to).
-
-        Returns:
-            Deferred: Resolves to a list[dict[user_id (str), expiration_ts_ms (int)]]
-        """
-
-        def select_users_txn(txn, now_ms, renew_at):
-            sql = (
-                "SELECT user_id, expiration_ts_ms FROM account_validity"
-                " WHERE email_sent = ? AND (expiration_ts_ms - ?) <= ?"
-            )
-            values = [False, now_ms, renew_at]
-            txn.execute(sql, values)
-            return self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
-
-        res = yield self.runInteraction(
-            "get_users_expiring_soon",
-            select_users_txn,
-            self.clock.time_msec(),
-            self.config.account_validity.renew_at,
-        )
-
-        return res
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def set_renewal_mail_status(self, user_id, email_sent):
-        """Sets or unsets the flag that indicates whether a renewal email has been sent
-        to the user (and the user hasn't renewed their account yet).
-
-        Args:
-            user_id (str): ID of the user to set/unset the flag for.
-            email_sent (bool): Flag which indicates whether a renewal email has been sent
-                to this user.
-        """
-        yield self._simple_update_one(
-            table="account_validity",
-            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
-            updatevalues={"email_sent": email_sent},
-            desc="set_renewal_mail_status",
-        )
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def delete_account_validity_for_user(self, user_id):
-        """Deletes the entry for the given user in the account validity table, removing
-        their expiration date and renewal token.
-
-        Args:
-            user_id (str): ID of the user to remove from the account validity table.
-        """
-        yield self._simple_delete_one(
-            table="account_validity",
-            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
-            desc="delete_account_validity_for_user",
-        )
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def is_server_admin(self, user):
-        """Determines if a user is an admin of this homeserver.
-
-        Args:
-            user (UserID): user ID of the user to test
-
-        Returns (bool):
-            true iff the user is a server admin, false otherwise.
-        """
-        res = yield self._simple_select_one_onecol(
-            table="users",
-            keyvalues={"name": user.to_string()},
-            retcol="admin",
-            allow_none=True,
-            desc="is_server_admin",
-        )
-
-        return res if res else False
-
-    def set_server_admin(self, user, admin):
-        """Sets whether a user is an admin of this homeserver.
-
-        Args:
-            user (UserID): user ID of the user to test
-            admin (bool): true iff the user is to be a server admin,
-                false otherwise.
-        """
-        return self._simple_update_one(
-            table="users",
-            keyvalues={"name": user.to_string()},
-            updatevalues={"admin": 1 if admin else 0},
-            desc="set_server_admin",
-        )
-
-    def _query_for_auth(self, txn, token):
-        sql = (
-            "SELECT users.name, users.is_guest, access_tokens.id as token_id,"
-            " access_tokens.device_id, access_tokens.valid_until_ms"
-            " FROM users"
-            " INNER JOIN access_tokens on users.name = access_tokens.user_id"
-            " WHERE token = ?"
-        )
-
-        txn.execute(sql, (token,))
-        rows = self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
-        if rows:
-            return rows[0]
-
-        return None
-
-    @cachedInlineCallbacks()
-    def is_real_user(self, user_id):
-        """Determines if the user is a real user, ie does not have a 'user_type'.
-
-        Args:
-            user_id (str): user id to test
-
-        Returns:
-            Deferred[bool]: True if user 'user_type' is null or empty string
-        """
-        res = yield self.runInteraction("is_real_user", self.is_real_user_txn, user_id)
-        return res
-
-    @cachedInlineCallbacks()
-    def is_support_user(self, user_id):
-        """Determines if the user is of type UserTypes.SUPPORT
-
-        Args:
-            user_id (str): user id to test
-
-        Returns:
-            Deferred[bool]: True if user is of type UserTypes.SUPPORT
-        """
-        res = yield self.runInteraction(
-            "is_support_user", self.is_support_user_txn, user_id
-        )
-        return res
-
-    def is_real_user_txn(self, txn, user_id):
-        res = self._simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
-            txn=txn,
-            table="users",
-            keyvalues={"name": user_id},
-            retcol="user_type",
-            allow_none=True,
-        )
-        return res is None
-
-    def is_support_user_txn(self, txn, user_id):
-        res = self._simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
-            txn=txn,
-            table="users",
-            keyvalues={"name": user_id},
-            retcol="user_type",
-            allow_none=True,
-        )
-        return True if res == UserTypes.SUPPORT else False
-
-    def get_users_by_id_case_insensitive(self, user_id):
-        """Gets users that match user_id case insensitively.
-        Returns a mapping of user_id -> password_hash.
-        """
-
-        def f(txn):
-            sql = (
-                "SELECT name, password_hash FROM users" " WHERE lower(name) = lower(?)"
-            )
-            txn.execute(sql, (user_id,))
-            return dict(txn)
-
-        return self.runInteraction("get_users_by_id_case_insensitive", f)
-
-    async def get_user_by_external_id(
-        self, auth_provider: str, external_id: str
-    ) -> str:
-        """Look up a user by their external auth id
-
-        Args:
-            auth_provider: identifier for the remote auth provider
-            external_id: id on that system
-
-        Returns:
-            str|None: the mxid of the user, or None if they are not known
-        """
-        return await self._simple_select_one_onecol(
-            table="user_external_ids",
-            keyvalues={"auth_provider": auth_provider, "external_id": external_id},
-            retcol="user_id",
-            allow_none=True,
-            desc="get_user_by_external_id",
-        )
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def count_all_users(self):
-        """Counts all users registered on the homeserver."""
-
-        def _count_users(txn):
-            txn.execute("SELECT COUNT(*) AS users FROM users")
-            rows = self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
-            if rows:
-                return rows[0]["users"]
-            return 0
-
-        ret = yield self.runInteraction("count_users", _count_users)
-        return ret
-
-    def count_daily_user_type(self):
-        """
-        Counts 1) native non guest users
-               2) native guests users
-               3) bridged users
-        who registered on the homeserver in the past 24 hours
-        """
-
-        def _count_daily_user_type(txn):
-            yesterday = int(self._clock.time()) - (60 * 60 * 24)
-
-            sql = """
-                SELECT user_type, COALESCE(count(*), 0) AS count FROM (
-                    SELECT
-                    CASE
-                        WHEN is_guest=0 AND appservice_id IS NULL THEN 'native'
-                        WHEN is_guest=1 AND appservice_id IS NULL THEN 'guest'
-                        WHEN is_guest=0 AND appservice_id IS NOT NULL THEN 'bridged'
-                    END AS user_type
-                    FROM users
-                    WHERE creation_ts > ?
-                ) AS t GROUP BY user_type
-            """
-            results = {"native": 0, "guest": 0, "bridged": 0}
-            txn.execute(sql, (yesterday,))
-            for row in txn:
-                results[row[0]] = row[1]
-            return results
-
-        return self.runInteraction("count_daily_user_type", _count_daily_user_type)
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def count_nonbridged_users(self):
-        def _count_users(txn):
-            txn.execute(
-                """
-                SELECT COALESCE(COUNT(*), 0) FROM users
-                WHERE appservice_id IS NULL
-            """
-            )
-            count, = txn.fetchone()
-            return count
-
-        ret = yield self.runInteraction("count_users", _count_users)
-        return ret
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def count_real_users(self):
-        """Counts all users without a special user_type registered on the homeserver."""
-
-        def _count_users(txn):
-            txn.execute("SELECT COUNT(*) AS users FROM users where user_type is null")
-            rows = self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
-            if rows:
-                return rows[0]["users"]
-            return 0
-
-        ret = yield self.runInteraction("count_real_users", _count_users)
-        return ret
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def find_next_generated_user_id_localpart(self):
-        """
-        Gets the localpart of the next generated user ID.
-
-        Generated user IDs are integers, and we aim for them to be as small as
-        we can. Unfortunately, it's possible some of them are already taken by
-        existing users, and there may be gaps in the already taken range. This
-        function returns the start of the first allocatable gap. This is to
-        avoid the case of ID 10000000 being pre-allocated, so us wasting the
-        first (and shortest) many generated user IDs.
-        """
-
-        def _find_next_generated_user_id(txn):
-            # We bound between '@1' and '@a' to avoid pulling the entire table
-            # out.
-            txn.execute("SELECT name FROM users WHERE '@1' <= name AND name < '@a'")
-
-            regex = re.compile(r"^@(\d+):")
-
-            found = set()
-
-            for (user_id,) in txn:
-                match = regex.search(user_id)
-                if match:
-                    found.add(int(match.group(1)))
-            for i in range(len(found) + 1):
-                if i not in found:
-                    return i
-
-        return (
-            (
-                yield self.runInteraction(
-                    "find_next_generated_user_id", _find_next_generated_user_id
-                )
-            )
-        )
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_user_id_by_threepid(self, medium, address):
-        """Returns user id from threepid
-
-        Args:
-            medium (str): threepid medium e.g. email
-            address (str): threepid address e.g. me@example.com
-
-        Returns:
-            Deferred[str|None]: user id or None if no user id/threepid mapping exists
-        """
-        user_id = yield self.runInteraction(
-            "get_user_id_by_threepid", self.get_user_id_by_threepid_txn, medium, address
-        )
-        return user_id
-
-    def get_user_id_by_threepid_txn(self, txn, medium, address):
-        """Returns user id from threepid
-
-        Args:
-            txn (cursor):
-            medium (str): threepid medium e.g. email
-            address (str): threepid address e.g. me@example.com
-
-        Returns:
-            str|None: user id or None if no user id/threepid mapping exists
-        """
-        ret = self._simple_select_one_txn(
-            txn,
-            "user_threepids",
-            {"medium": medium, "address": address},
-            ["user_id"],
-            True,
-        )
-        if ret:
-            return ret["user_id"]
-        return None
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def user_add_threepid(self, user_id, medium, address, validated_at, added_at):
-        yield self._simple_upsert(
-            "user_threepids",
-            {"medium": medium, "address": address},
-            {"user_id": user_id, "validated_at": validated_at, "added_at": added_at},
-        )
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def user_get_threepids(self, user_id):
-        ret = yield self._simple_select_list(
-            "user_threepids",
-            {"user_id": user_id},
-            ["medium", "address", "validated_at", "added_at"],
-            "user_get_threepids",
-        )
-        return ret
-
-    def user_delete_threepid(self, user_id, medium, address):
-        return self._simple_delete(
-            "user_threepids",
-            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "medium": medium, "address": address},
-            desc="user_delete_threepids",
-        )
-
-    def add_user_bound_threepid(self, user_id, medium, address, id_server):
-        """The server proxied a bind request to the given identity server on
-        behalf of the given user. We need to remember this in case the user
-        asks us to unbind the threepid.
-
-        Args:
-            user_id (str)
-            medium (str)
-            address (str)
-            id_server (str)
-
-        Returns:
-            Deferred
-        """
-        # We need to use an upsert, in case they user had already bound the
-        # threepid
-        return self._simple_upsert(
-            table="user_threepid_id_server",
-            keyvalues={
-                "user_id": user_id,
-                "medium": medium,
-                "address": address,
-                "id_server": id_server,
-            },
-            values={},
-            insertion_values={},
-            desc="add_user_bound_threepid",
-        )
-
-    def user_get_bound_threepids(self, user_id):
-        """Get the threepids that a user has bound to an identity server through the homeserver
-        The homeserver remembers where binds to an identity server occurred. Using this
-        method can retrieve those threepids.
-
-        Args:
-            user_id (str): The ID of the user to retrieve threepids for
-
-        Returns:
-            Deferred[list[dict]]: List of dictionaries containing the following:
-                medium (str): The medium of the threepid (e.g "email")
-                address (str): The address of the threepid (e.g "bob@example.com")
-        """
-        return self._simple_select_list(
-            table="user_threepid_id_server",
-            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
-            retcols=["medium", "address"],
-            desc="user_get_bound_threepids",
-        )
-
-    def remove_user_bound_threepid(self, user_id, medium, address, id_server):
-        """The server proxied an unbind request to the given identity server on
-        behalf of the given user, so we remove the mapping of threepid to
-        identity server.
-
-        Args:
-            user_id (str)
-            medium (str)
-            address (str)
-            id_server (str)
-
-        Returns:
-            Deferred
-        """
-        return self._simple_delete(
-            table="user_threepid_id_server",
-            keyvalues={
-                "user_id": user_id,
-                "medium": medium,
-                "address": address,
-                "id_server": id_server,
-            },
-            desc="remove_user_bound_threepid",
-        )
-
-    def get_id_servers_user_bound(self, user_id, medium, address):
-        """Get the list of identity servers that the server proxied bind
-        requests to for given user and threepid
-
-        Args:
-            user_id (str)
-            medium (str)
-            address (str)
-
-        Returns:
-            Deferred[list[str]]: Resolves to a list of identity servers
-        """
-        return self._simple_select_onecol(
-            table="user_threepid_id_server",
-            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "medium": medium, "address": address},
-            retcol="id_server",
-            desc="get_id_servers_user_bound",
-        )
-
-    @cachedInlineCallbacks()
-    def get_user_deactivated_status(self, user_id):
-        """Retrieve the value for the `deactivated` property for the provided user.
-
-        Args:
-            user_id (str): The ID of the user to retrieve the status for.
-
-        Returns:
-            defer.Deferred(bool): The requested value.
-        """
-
-        res = yield self._simple_select_one_onecol(
-            table="users",
-            keyvalues={"name": user_id},
-            retcol="deactivated",
-            desc="get_user_deactivated_status",
-        )
-
-        # Convert the integer into a boolean.
-        return res == 1
-
-    def get_threepid_validation_session(
-        self, medium, client_secret, address=None, sid=None, validated=True
-    ):
-        """Gets a session_id and last_send_attempt (if available) for a
-        combination of validation metadata
-
-        Args:
-            medium (str|None): The medium of the 3PID
-            address (str|None): The address of the 3PID
-            sid (str|None): The ID of the validation session
-            client_secret (str): A unique string provided by the client to help identify this
-                validation attempt
-            validated (bool|None): Whether sessions should be filtered by
-                whether they have been validated already or not. None to
-                perform no filtering
-
-        Returns:
-            Deferred[dict|None]: A dict containing the following:
-                * address - address of the 3pid
-                * medium - medium of the 3pid
-                * client_secret - a secret provided by the client for this validation session
-                * session_id - ID of the validation session
-                * send_attempt - a number serving to dedupe send attempts for this session
-                * validated_at - timestamp of when this session was validated if so
-
-                Otherwise None if a validation session is not found
-        """
-        if not client_secret:
-            raise SynapseError(
-                400, "Missing parameter: client_secret", errcode=Codes.MISSING_PARAM
-            )
-
-        keyvalues = {"client_secret": client_secret}
-        if medium:
-            keyvalues["medium"] = medium
-        if address:
-            keyvalues["address"] = address
-        if sid:
-            keyvalues["session_id"] = sid
-
-        assert address or sid
-
-        def get_threepid_validation_session_txn(txn):
-            sql = """
-                SELECT address, session_id, medium, client_secret,
-                last_send_attempt, validated_at
-                FROM threepid_validation_session WHERE %s
-                """ % (
-                " AND ".join("%s = ?" % k for k in iterkeys(keyvalues)),
-            )
-
-            if validated is not None:
-                sql += " AND validated_at IS " + ("NOT NULL" if validated else "NULL")
-
-            sql += " LIMIT 1"
-
-            txn.execute(sql, list(keyvalues.values()))
-            rows = self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
-            if not rows:
-                return None
-
-            return rows[0]
-
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "get_threepid_validation_session", get_threepid_validation_session_txn
-        )
-
-    def delete_threepid_session(self, session_id):
-        """Removes a threepid validation session from the database. This can
-        be done after validation has been performed and whatever action was
-        waiting on it has been carried out
-
-        Args:
-            session_id (str): The ID of the session to delete
-        """
-
-        def delete_threepid_session_txn(txn):
-            self._simple_delete_txn(
-                txn,
-                table="threepid_validation_token",
-                keyvalues={"session_id": session_id},
-            )
-            self._simple_delete_txn(
-                txn,
-                table="threepid_validation_session",
-                keyvalues={"session_id": session_id},
-            )
-
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "delete_threepid_session", delete_threepid_session_txn
-        )
-
-
-class RegistrationBackgroundUpdateStore(
-    RegistrationWorkerStore, background_updates.BackgroundUpdateStore
-):
-    def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
-        super(RegistrationBackgroundUpdateStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
-
-        self.clock = hs.get_clock()
-        self.config = hs.config
-
-        self.register_background_index_update(
-            "access_tokens_device_index",
-            index_name="access_tokens_device_id",
-            table="access_tokens",
-            columns=["user_id", "device_id"],
-        )
-
-        self.register_background_index_update(
-            "users_creation_ts",
-            index_name="users_creation_ts",
-            table="users",
-            columns=["creation_ts"],
-        )
-
-        # we no longer use refresh tokens, but it's possible that some people
-        # might have a background update queued to build this index. Just
-        # clear the background update.
-        self.register_noop_background_update("refresh_tokens_device_index")
-
-        self.register_background_update_handler(
-            "user_threepids_grandfather", self._bg_user_threepids_grandfather
-        )
-
-        self.register_background_update_handler(
-            "users_set_deactivated_flag", self._background_update_set_deactivated_flag
-        )
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _background_update_set_deactivated_flag(self, progress, batch_size):
-        """Retrieves a list of all deactivated users and sets the 'deactivated' flag to 1
-        for each of them.
-        """
-
-        last_user = progress.get("user_id", "")
-
-        def _background_update_set_deactivated_flag_txn(txn):
-            txn.execute(
-                """
-                SELECT
-                    users.name,
-                    COUNT(access_tokens.token) AS count_tokens,
-                    COUNT(user_threepids.address) AS count_threepids
-                FROM users
-                    LEFT JOIN access_tokens ON (access_tokens.user_id = users.name)
-                    LEFT JOIN user_threepids ON (user_threepids.user_id = users.name)
-                WHERE (users.password_hash IS NULL OR users.password_hash = '')
-                AND (users.appservice_id IS NULL OR users.appservice_id = '')
-                AND users.is_guest = 0
-                AND users.name > ?
-                GROUP BY users.name
-                ORDER BY users.name ASC
-                LIMIT ?;
-                """,
-                (last_user, batch_size),
-            )
-
-            rows = self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
-
-            if not rows:
-                return True, 0
-
-            rows_processed_nb = 0
-
-            for user in rows:
-                if not user["count_tokens"] and not user["count_threepids"]:
-                    self.set_user_deactivated_status_txn(txn, user["name"], True)
-                    rows_processed_nb += 1
-
-            logger.info("Marked %d rows as deactivated", rows_processed_nb)
-
-            self._background_update_progress_txn(
-                txn, "users_set_deactivated_flag", {"user_id": rows[-1]["name"]}
-            )
-
-            if batch_size > len(rows):
-                return True, len(rows)
-            else:
-                return False, len(rows)
-
-        end, nb_processed = yield self.runInteraction(
-            "users_set_deactivated_flag", _background_update_set_deactivated_flag_txn
-        )
-
-        if end:
-            yield self._end_background_update("users_set_deactivated_flag")
-
-        return nb_processed
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _bg_user_threepids_grandfather(self, progress, batch_size):
-        """We now track which identity servers a user binds their 3PID to, so
-        we need to handle the case of existing bindings where we didn't track
-        this.
-
-        We do this by grandfathering in existing user threepids assuming that
-        they used one of the server configured trusted identity servers.
-        """
-        id_servers = set(self.config.trusted_third_party_id_servers)
-
-        def _bg_user_threepids_grandfather_txn(txn):
-            sql = """
-                INSERT INTO user_threepid_id_server
-                    (user_id, medium, address, id_server)
-                SELECT user_id, medium, address, ?
-                FROM user_threepids
-            """
-
-            txn.executemany(sql, [(id_server,) for id_server in id_servers])
-
-        if id_servers:
-            yield self.runInteraction(
-                "_bg_user_threepids_grandfather", _bg_user_threepids_grandfather_txn
-            )
-
-        yield self._end_background_update("user_threepids_grandfather")
-
-        return 1
-
-
-class RegistrationStore(RegistrationBackgroundUpdateStore):
-    def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
-        super(RegistrationStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
-
-        self._account_validity = hs.config.account_validity
-
-        # Create a background job for culling expired 3PID validity tokens
-        def start_cull():
-            # run as a background process to make sure that the database transactions
-            # have a logcontext to report to
-            return run_as_background_process(
-                "cull_expired_threepid_validation_tokens",
-                self.cull_expired_threepid_validation_tokens,
-            )
-
-        hs.get_clock().looping_call(start_cull, THIRTY_MINUTES_IN_MS)
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def add_access_token_to_user(self, user_id, token, device_id, valid_until_ms):
-        """Adds an access token for the given user.
-
-        Args:
-            user_id (str): The user ID.
-            token (str): The new access token to add.
-            device_id (str): ID of the device to associate with the access
-                token
-            valid_until_ms (int|None): when the token is valid until. None for
-                no expiry.
-        Raises:
-            StoreError if there was a problem adding this.
-        """
-        next_id = self._access_tokens_id_gen.get_next()
-
-        yield self._simple_insert(
-            "access_tokens",
-            {
-                "id": next_id,
-                "user_id": user_id,
-                "token": token,
-                "device_id": device_id,
-                "valid_until_ms": valid_until_ms,
-            },
-            desc="add_access_token_to_user",
-        )
-
-    def register_user(
-        self,
-        user_id,
-        password_hash=None,
-        was_guest=False,
-        make_guest=False,
-        appservice_id=None,
-        create_profile_with_displayname=None,
-        admin=False,
-        user_type=None,
-    ):
-        """Attempts to register an account.
-
-        Args:
-            user_id (str): The desired user ID to register.
-            password_hash (str): Optional. The password hash for this user.
-            was_guest (bool): Optional. Whether this is a guest account being
-                upgraded to a non-guest account.
-            make_guest (boolean): True if the the new user should be guest,
-                false to add a regular user account.
-            appservice_id (str): The ID of the appservice registering the user.
-            create_profile_with_displayname (unicode): Optionally create a profile for
-                the user, setting their displayname to the given value
-            admin (boolean): is an admin user?
-            user_type (str|None): type of user. One of the values from
-                api.constants.UserTypes, or None for a normal user.
-
-        Raises:
-            StoreError if the user_id could not be registered.
-        """
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "register_user",
-            self._register_user,
-            user_id,
-            password_hash,
-            was_guest,
-            make_guest,
-            appservice_id,
-            create_profile_with_displayname,
-            admin,
-            user_type,
-        )
-
-    def _register_user(
-        self,
-        txn,
-        user_id,
-        password_hash,
-        was_guest,
-        make_guest,
-        appservice_id,
-        create_profile_with_displayname,
-        admin,
-        user_type,
-    ):
-        user_id_obj = UserID.from_string(user_id)
-
-        now = int(self.clock.time())
-
-        try:
-            if was_guest:
-                # Ensure that the guest user actually exists
-                # ``allow_none=False`` makes this raise an exception
-                # if the row isn't in the database.
-                self._simple_select_one_txn(
-                    txn,
-                    "users",
-                    keyvalues={"name": user_id, "is_guest": 1},
-                    retcols=("name",),
-                    allow_none=False,
-                )
-
-                self._simple_update_one_txn(
-                    txn,
-                    "users",
-                    keyvalues={"name": user_id, "is_guest": 1},
-                    updatevalues={
-                        "password_hash": password_hash,
-                        "upgrade_ts": now,
-                        "is_guest": 1 if make_guest else 0,
-                        "appservice_id": appservice_id,
-                        "admin": 1 if admin else 0,
-                        "user_type": user_type,
-                    },
-                )
-            else:
-                self._simple_insert_txn(
-                    txn,
-                    "users",
-                    values={
-                        "name": user_id,
-                        "password_hash": password_hash,
-                        "creation_ts": now,
-                        "is_guest": 1 if make_guest else 0,
-                        "appservice_id": appservice_id,
-                        "admin": 1 if admin else 0,
-                        "user_type": user_type,
-                    },
-                )
-
-        except self.database_engine.module.IntegrityError:
-            raise StoreError(400, "User ID already taken.", errcode=Codes.USER_IN_USE)
-
-        if self._account_validity.enabled:
-            self.set_expiration_date_for_user_txn(txn, user_id)
-
-        if create_profile_with_displayname:
-            # set a default displayname serverside to avoid ugly race
-            # between auto-joins and clients trying to set displaynames
-            #
-            # *obviously* the 'profiles' table uses localpart for user_id
-            # while everything else uses the full mxid.
-            txn.execute(
-                "INSERT INTO profiles(user_id, displayname) VALUES (?,?)",
-                (user_id_obj.localpart, create_profile_with_displayname),
-            )
-
-        if self.hs.config.stats_enabled:
-            # we create a new completed user statistics row
-
-            # we don't strictly need current_token since this user really can't
-            # have any state deltas before now (as it is a new user), but still,
-            # we include it for completeness.
-            current_token = self._get_max_stream_id_in_current_state_deltas_txn(txn)
-            self._update_stats_delta_txn(
-                txn, now, "user", user_id, {}, complete_with_stream_id=current_token
-            )
-
-        self._invalidate_cache_and_stream(txn, self.get_user_by_id, (user_id,))
-        txn.call_after(self.is_guest.invalidate, (user_id,))
-
-    def record_user_external_id(
-        self, auth_provider: str, external_id: str, user_id: str
-    ) -> Deferred:
-        """Record a mapping from an external user id to a mxid
-
-        Args:
-            auth_provider: identifier for the remote auth provider
-            external_id: id on that system
-            user_id: complete mxid that it is mapped to
-        """
-        return self._simple_insert(
-            table="user_external_ids",
-            values={
-                "auth_provider": auth_provider,
-                "external_id": external_id,
-                "user_id": user_id,
-            },
-            desc="record_user_external_id",
-        )
-
-    def user_set_password_hash(self, user_id, password_hash):
-        """
-        NB. This does *not* evict any cache because the one use for this
-            removes most of the entries subsequently anyway so it would be
-            pointless. Use flush_user separately.
-        """
-
-        def user_set_password_hash_txn(txn):
-            self._simple_update_one_txn(
-                txn, "users", {"name": user_id}, {"password_hash": password_hash}
-            )
-            self._invalidate_cache_and_stream(txn, self.get_user_by_id, (user_id,))
-
-        return self.runInteraction("user_set_password_hash", user_set_password_hash_txn)
-
-    def user_set_consent_version(self, user_id, consent_version):
-        """Updates the user table to record privacy policy consent
-
-        Args:
-            user_id (str): full mxid of the user to update
-            consent_version (str): version of the policy the user has consented
-                to
-
-        Raises:
-            StoreError(404) if user not found
-        """
-
-        def f(txn):
-            self._simple_update_one_txn(
-                txn,
-                table="users",
-                keyvalues={"name": user_id},
-                updatevalues={"consent_version": consent_version},
-            )
-            self._invalidate_cache_and_stream(txn, self.get_user_by_id, (user_id,))
-
-        return self.runInteraction("user_set_consent_version", f)
-
-    def user_set_consent_server_notice_sent(self, user_id, consent_version):
-        """Updates the user table to record that we have sent the user a server
-        notice about privacy policy consent
-
-        Args:
-            user_id (str): full mxid of the user to update
-            consent_version (str): version of the policy we have notified the
-                user about
-
-        Raises:
-            StoreError(404) if user not found
-        """
-
-        def f(txn):
-            self._simple_update_one_txn(
-                txn,
-                table="users",
-                keyvalues={"name": user_id},
-                updatevalues={"consent_server_notice_sent": consent_version},
-            )
-            self._invalidate_cache_and_stream(txn, self.get_user_by_id, (user_id,))
-
-        return self.runInteraction("user_set_consent_server_notice_sent", f)
-
-    def user_delete_access_tokens(self, user_id, except_token_id=None, device_id=None):
-        """
-        Invalidate access tokens belonging to a user
-
-        Args:
-            user_id (str):  ID of user the tokens belong to
-            except_token_id (str): list of access_tokens IDs which should
-                *not* be deleted
-            device_id (str|None):  ID of device the tokens are associated with.
-                If None, tokens associated with any device (or no device) will
-                be deleted
-        Returns:
-            defer.Deferred[list[str, int, str|None, int]]: a list of
-                (token, token id, device id) for each of the deleted tokens
-        """
-
-        def f(txn):
-            keyvalues = {"user_id": user_id}
-            if device_id is not None:
-                keyvalues["device_id"] = device_id
-
-            items = keyvalues.items()
-            where_clause = " AND ".join(k + " = ?" for k, _ in items)
-            values = [v for _, v in items]
-            if except_token_id:
-                where_clause += " AND id != ?"
-                values.append(except_token_id)
-
-            txn.execute(
-                "SELECT token, id, device_id FROM access_tokens WHERE %s"
-                % where_clause,
-                values,
-            )
-            tokens_and_devices = [(r[0], r[1], r[2]) for r in txn]
-
-            for token, _, _ in tokens_and_devices:
-                self._invalidate_cache_and_stream(
-                    txn, self.get_user_by_access_token, (token,)
-                )
-
-            txn.execute("DELETE FROM access_tokens WHERE %s" % where_clause, values)
-
-            return tokens_and_devices
-
-        return self.runInteraction("user_delete_access_tokens", f)
-
-    def delete_access_token(self, access_token):
-        def f(txn):
-            self._simple_delete_one_txn(
-                txn, table="access_tokens", keyvalues={"token": access_token}
-            )
-
-            self._invalidate_cache_and_stream(
-                txn, self.get_user_by_access_token, (access_token,)
-            )
-
-        return self.runInteraction("delete_access_token", f)
-
-    @cachedInlineCallbacks()
-    def is_guest(self, user_id):
-        res = yield self._simple_select_one_onecol(
-            table="users",
-            keyvalues={"name": user_id},
-            retcol="is_guest",
-            allow_none=True,
-            desc="is_guest",
-        )
-
-        return res if res else False
-
-    def add_user_pending_deactivation(self, user_id):
-        """
-        Adds a user to the table of users who need to be parted from all the rooms they're
-        in
-        """
-        return self._simple_insert(
-            "users_pending_deactivation",
-            values={"user_id": user_id},
-            desc="add_user_pending_deactivation",
-        )
-
-    def del_user_pending_deactivation(self, user_id):
-        """
-        Removes the given user to the table of users who need to be parted from all the
-        rooms they're in, effectively marking that user as fully deactivated.
-        """
-        # XXX: This should be simple_delete_one but we failed to put a unique index on
-        # the table, so somehow duplicate entries have ended up in it.
-        return self._simple_delete(
-            "users_pending_deactivation",
-            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
-            desc="del_user_pending_deactivation",
-        )
-
-    def get_user_pending_deactivation(self):
-        """
-        Gets one user from the table of users waiting to be parted from all the rooms
-        they're in.
-        """
-        return self._simple_select_one_onecol(
-            "users_pending_deactivation",
-            keyvalues={},
-            retcol="user_id",
-            allow_none=True,
-            desc="get_users_pending_deactivation",
-        )
-
-    def validate_threepid_session(self, session_id, client_secret, token, current_ts):
-        """Attempt to validate a threepid session using a token
-
-        Args:
-            session_id (str): The id of a validation session
-            client_secret (str): A unique string provided by the client to
-                help identify this validation attempt
-            token (str): A validation token
-            current_ts (int): The current unix time in milliseconds. Used for
-                checking token expiry status
-
-        Raises:
-            ThreepidValidationError: if a matching validation token was not found or has
-                expired
-
-        Returns:
-            deferred str|None: A str representing a link to redirect the user
-            to if there is one.
-        """
-
-        # Insert everything into a transaction in order to run atomically
-        def validate_threepid_session_txn(txn):
-            row = self._simple_select_one_txn(
-                txn,
-                table="threepid_validation_session",
-                keyvalues={"session_id": session_id},
-                retcols=["client_secret", "validated_at"],
-                allow_none=True,
-            )
-
-            if not row:
-                raise ThreepidValidationError(400, "Unknown session_id")
-            retrieved_client_secret = row["client_secret"]
-            validated_at = row["validated_at"]
-
-            if retrieved_client_secret != client_secret:
-                raise ThreepidValidationError(
-                    400, "This client_secret does not match the provided session_id"
-                )
-
-            row = self._simple_select_one_txn(
-                txn,
-                table="threepid_validation_token",
-                keyvalues={"session_id": session_id, "token": token},
-                retcols=["expires", "next_link"],
-                allow_none=True,
-            )
-
-            if not row:
-                raise ThreepidValidationError(
-                    400, "Validation token not found or has expired"
-                )
-            expires = row["expires"]
-            next_link = row["next_link"]
-
-            # If the session is already validated, no need to revalidate
-            if validated_at:
-                return next_link
-
-            if expires <= current_ts:
-                raise ThreepidValidationError(
-                    400, "This token has expired. Please request a new one"
-                )
-
-            # Looks good. Validate the session
-            self._simple_update_txn(
-                txn,
-                table="threepid_validation_session",
-                keyvalues={"session_id": session_id},
-                updatevalues={"validated_at": self.clock.time_msec()},
-            )
-
-            return next_link
-
-        # Return next_link if it exists
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "validate_threepid_session_txn", validate_threepid_session_txn
-        )
-
-    def upsert_threepid_validation_session(
-        self,
-        medium,
-        address,
-        client_secret,
-        send_attempt,
-        session_id,
-        validated_at=None,
-    ):
-        """Upsert a threepid validation session
-        Args:
-            medium (str): The medium of the 3PID
-            address (str): The address of the 3PID
-            client_secret (str): A unique string provided by the client to
-                help identify this validation attempt
-            send_attempt (int): The latest send_attempt on this session
-            session_id (str): The id of this validation session
-            validated_at (int|None): The unix timestamp in milliseconds of
-                when the session was marked as valid
-        """
-        insertion_values = {
-            "medium": medium,
-            "address": address,
-            "client_secret": client_secret,
-        }
-
-        if validated_at:
-            insertion_values["validated_at"] = validated_at
-
-        return self._simple_upsert(
-            table="threepid_validation_session",
-            keyvalues={"session_id": session_id},
-            values={"last_send_attempt": send_attempt},
-            insertion_values=insertion_values,
-            desc="upsert_threepid_validation_session",
-        )
-
-    def start_or_continue_validation_session(
-        self,
-        medium,
-        address,
-        session_id,
-        client_secret,
-        send_attempt,
-        next_link,
-        token,
-        token_expires,
-    ):
-        """Creates a new threepid validation session if it does not already
-        exist and associates a new validation token with it
-
-        Args:
-            medium (str): The medium of the 3PID
-            address (str): The address of the 3PID
-            session_id (str): The id of this validation session
-            client_secret (str): A unique string provided by the client to
-                help identify this validation attempt
-            send_attempt (int): The latest send_attempt on this session
-            next_link (str|None): The link to redirect the user to upon
-                successful validation
-            token (str): The validation token
-            token_expires (int): The timestamp for which after the token
-                will no longer be valid
-        """
-
-        def start_or_continue_validation_session_txn(txn):
-            # Create or update a validation session
-            self._simple_upsert_txn(
-                txn,
-                table="threepid_validation_session",
-                keyvalues={"session_id": session_id},
-                values={"last_send_attempt": send_attempt},
-                insertion_values={
-                    "medium": medium,
-                    "address": address,
-                    "client_secret": client_secret,
-                },
-            )
-
-            # Create a new validation token with this session ID
-            self._simple_insert_txn(
-                txn,
-                table="threepid_validation_token",
-                values={
-                    "session_id": session_id,
-                    "token": token,
-                    "next_link": next_link,
-                    "expires": token_expires,
-                },
-            )
-
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "start_or_continue_validation_session",
-            start_or_continue_validation_session_txn,
-        )
-
-    def cull_expired_threepid_validation_tokens(self):
-        """Remove threepid validation tokens with expiry dates that have passed"""
-
-        def cull_expired_threepid_validation_tokens_txn(txn, ts):
-            sql = """
-            DELETE FROM threepid_validation_token WHERE
-            expires < ?
-            """
-            return txn.execute(sql, (ts,))
-
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "cull_expired_threepid_validation_tokens",
-            cull_expired_threepid_validation_tokens_txn,
-            self.clock.time_msec(),
-        )
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def set_user_deactivated_status(self, user_id, deactivated):
-        """Set the `deactivated` property for the provided user to the provided value.
-
-        Args:
-            user_id (str): The ID of the user to set the status for.
-            deactivated (bool): The value to set for `deactivated`.
-        """
-
-        yield self.runInteraction(
-            "set_user_deactivated_status",
-            self.set_user_deactivated_status_txn,
-            user_id,
-            deactivated,
-        )
-
-    def set_user_deactivated_status_txn(self, txn, user_id, deactivated):
-        self._simple_update_one_txn(
-            txn=txn,
-            table="users",
-            keyvalues={"name": user_id},
-            updatevalues={"deactivated": 1 if deactivated else 0},
-        )
-        self._invalidate_cache_and_stream(
-            txn, self.get_user_deactivated_status, (user_id,)
-        )
diff --git a/synapse/storage/rejections.py b/synapse/storage/rejections.py
deleted file mode 100644
index f4c1c2a457..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/rejections.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,42 +0,0 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-# Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-
-import logging
-
-from ._base import SQLBaseStore
-
-logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-
-
-class RejectionsStore(SQLBaseStore):
-    def _store_rejections_txn(self, txn, event_id, reason):
-        self._simple_insert_txn(
-            txn,
-            table="rejections",
-            values={
-                "event_id": event_id,
-                "reason": reason,
-                "last_check": self._clock.time_msec(),
-            },
-        )
-
-    def get_rejection_reason(self, event_id):
-        return self._simple_select_one_onecol(
-            table="rejections",
-            retcol="reason",
-            keyvalues={"event_id": event_id},
-            allow_none=True,
-            desc="get_rejection_reason",
-        )
diff --git a/synapse/storage/relations.py b/synapse/storage/relations.py
index fcb5f2f23a..d471ec9860 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/relations.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/relations.py
@@ -17,11 +17,7 @@ import logging
 
 import attr
 
-from synapse.api.constants import RelationTypes
 from synapse.api.errors import SynapseError
-from synapse.storage._base import SQLBaseStore
-from synapse.storage.stream import generate_pagination_where_clause
-from synapse.util.caches.descriptors import cached, cachedInlineCallbacks
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -113,358 +109,3 @@ class AggregationPaginationToken(object):
 
     def as_tuple(self):
         return attr.astuple(self)
-
-
-class RelationsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
-    @cached(tree=True)
-    def get_relations_for_event(
-        self,
-        event_id,
-        relation_type=None,
-        event_type=None,
-        aggregation_key=None,
-        limit=5,
-        direction="b",
-        from_token=None,
-        to_token=None,
-    ):
-        """Get a list of relations for an event, ordered by topological ordering.
-
-        Args:
-            event_id (str): Fetch events that relate to this event ID.
-            relation_type (str|None): Only fetch events with this relation
-                type, if given.
-            event_type (str|None): Only fetch events with this event type, if
-                given.
-            aggregation_key (str|None): Only fetch events with this aggregation
-                key, if given.
-            limit (int): Only fetch the most recent `limit` events.
-            direction (str): Whether to fetch the most recent first (`"b"`) or
-                the oldest first (`"f"`).
-            from_token (RelationPaginationToken|None): Fetch rows from the given
-                token, or from the start if None.
-            to_token (RelationPaginationToken|None): Fetch rows up to the given
-                token, or up to the end if None.
-
-        Returns:
-            Deferred[PaginationChunk]: List of event IDs that match relations
-            requested. The rows are of the form `{"event_id": "..."}`.
-        """
-
-        where_clause = ["relates_to_id = ?"]
-        where_args = [event_id]
-
-        if relation_type is not None:
-            where_clause.append("relation_type = ?")
-            where_args.append(relation_type)
-
-        if event_type is not None:
-            where_clause.append("type = ?")
-            where_args.append(event_type)
-
-        if aggregation_key:
-            where_clause.append("aggregation_key = ?")
-            where_args.append(aggregation_key)
-
-        pagination_clause = generate_pagination_where_clause(
-            direction=direction,
-            column_names=("topological_ordering", "stream_ordering"),
-            from_token=attr.astuple(from_token) if from_token else None,
-            to_token=attr.astuple(to_token) if to_token else None,
-            engine=self.database_engine,
-        )
-
-        if pagination_clause:
-            where_clause.append(pagination_clause)
-
-        if direction == "b":
-            order = "DESC"
-        else:
-            order = "ASC"
-
-        sql = """
-            SELECT event_id, topological_ordering, stream_ordering
-            FROM event_relations
-            INNER JOIN events USING (event_id)
-            WHERE %s
-            ORDER BY topological_ordering %s, stream_ordering %s
-            LIMIT ?
-        """ % (
-            " AND ".join(where_clause),
-            order,
-            order,
-        )
-
-        def _get_recent_references_for_event_txn(txn):
-            txn.execute(sql, where_args + [limit + 1])
-
-            last_topo_id = None
-            last_stream_id = None
-            events = []
-            for row in txn:
-                events.append({"event_id": row[0]})
-                last_topo_id = row[1]
-                last_stream_id = row[2]
-
-            next_batch = None
-            if len(events) > limit and last_topo_id and last_stream_id:
-                next_batch = RelationPaginationToken(last_topo_id, last_stream_id)
-
-            return PaginationChunk(
-                chunk=list(events[:limit]), next_batch=next_batch, prev_batch=from_token
-            )
-
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "get_recent_references_for_event", _get_recent_references_for_event_txn
-        )
-
-    @cached(tree=True)
-    def get_aggregation_groups_for_event(
-        self,
-        event_id,
-        event_type=None,
-        limit=5,
-        direction="b",
-        from_token=None,
-        to_token=None,
-    ):
-        """Get a list of annotations on the event, grouped by event type and
-        aggregation key, sorted by count.
-
-        This is used e.g. to get the what and how many reactions have happend
-        on an event.
-
-        Args:
-            event_id (str): Fetch events that relate to this event ID.
-            event_type (str|None): Only fetch events with this event type, if
-                given.
-            limit (int): Only fetch the `limit` groups.
-            direction (str): Whether to fetch the highest count first (`"b"`) or
-                the lowest count first (`"f"`).
-            from_token (AggregationPaginationToken|None): Fetch rows from the
-                given token, or from the start if None.
-            to_token (AggregationPaginationToken|None): Fetch rows up to the
-                given token, or up to the end if None.
-
-
-        Returns:
-            Deferred[PaginationChunk]: List of groups of annotations that
-            match. Each row is a dict with `type`, `key` and `count` fields.
-        """
-
-        where_clause = ["relates_to_id = ?", "relation_type = ?"]
-        where_args = [event_id, RelationTypes.ANNOTATION]
-
-        if event_type:
-            where_clause.append("type = ?")
-            where_args.append(event_type)
-
-        having_clause = generate_pagination_where_clause(
-            direction=direction,
-            column_names=("COUNT(*)", "MAX(stream_ordering)"),
-            from_token=attr.astuple(from_token) if from_token else None,
-            to_token=attr.astuple(to_token) if to_token else None,
-            engine=self.database_engine,
-        )
-
-        if direction == "b":
-            order = "DESC"
-        else:
-            order = "ASC"
-
-        if having_clause:
-            having_clause = "HAVING " + having_clause
-        else:
-            having_clause = ""
-
-        sql = """
-            SELECT type, aggregation_key, COUNT(DISTINCT sender), MAX(stream_ordering)
-            FROM event_relations
-            INNER JOIN events USING (event_id)
-            WHERE {where_clause}
-            GROUP BY relation_type, type, aggregation_key
-            {having_clause}
-            ORDER BY COUNT(*) {order}, MAX(stream_ordering) {order}
-            LIMIT ?
-        """.format(
-            where_clause=" AND ".join(where_clause),
-            order=order,
-            having_clause=having_clause,
-        )
-
-        def _get_aggregation_groups_for_event_txn(txn):
-            txn.execute(sql, where_args + [limit + 1])
-
-            next_batch = None
-            events = []
-            for row in txn:
-                events.append({"type": row[0], "key": row[1], "count": row[2]})
-                next_batch = AggregationPaginationToken(row[2], row[3])
-
-            if len(events) <= limit:
-                next_batch = None
-
-            return PaginationChunk(
-                chunk=list(events[:limit]), next_batch=next_batch, prev_batch=from_token
-            )
-
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "get_aggregation_groups_for_event", _get_aggregation_groups_for_event_txn
-        )
-
-    @cachedInlineCallbacks()
-    def get_applicable_edit(self, event_id):
-        """Get the most recent edit (if any) that has happened for the given
-        event.
-
-        Correctly handles checking whether edits were allowed to happen.
-
-        Args:
-            event_id (str): The original event ID
-
-        Returns:
-            Deferred[EventBase|None]: Returns the most recent edit, if any.
-        """
-
-        # We only allow edits for `m.room.message` events that have the same sender
-        # and event type. We can't assert these things during regular event auth so
-        # we have to do the checks post hoc.
-
-        # Fetches latest edit that has the same type and sender as the
-        # original, and is an `m.room.message`.
-        sql = """
-            SELECT edit.event_id FROM events AS edit
-            INNER JOIN event_relations USING (event_id)
-            INNER JOIN events AS original ON
-                original.event_id = relates_to_id
-                AND edit.type = original.type
-                AND edit.sender = original.sender
-            WHERE
-                relates_to_id = ?
-                AND relation_type = ?
-                AND edit.type = 'm.room.message'
-            ORDER by edit.origin_server_ts DESC, edit.event_id DESC
-            LIMIT 1
-        """
-
-        def _get_applicable_edit_txn(txn):
-            txn.execute(sql, (event_id, RelationTypes.REPLACE))
-            row = txn.fetchone()
-            if row:
-                return row[0]
-
-        edit_id = yield self.runInteraction(
-            "get_applicable_edit", _get_applicable_edit_txn
-        )
-
-        if not edit_id:
-            return
-
-        edit_event = yield self.get_event(edit_id, allow_none=True)
-        return edit_event
-
-    def has_user_annotated_event(self, parent_id, event_type, aggregation_key, sender):
-        """Check if a user has already annotated an event with the same key
-        (e.g. already liked an event).
-
-        Args:
-            parent_id (str): The event being annotated
-            event_type (str): The event type of the annotation
-            aggregation_key (str): The aggregation key of the annotation
-            sender (str): The sender of the annotation
-
-        Returns:
-            Deferred[bool]
-        """
-
-        sql = """
-            SELECT 1 FROM event_relations
-            INNER JOIN events USING (event_id)
-            WHERE
-                relates_to_id = ?
-                AND relation_type = ?
-                AND type = ?
-                AND sender = ?
-                AND aggregation_key = ?
-            LIMIT 1;
-        """
-
-        def _get_if_user_has_annotated_event(txn):
-            txn.execute(
-                sql,
-                (
-                    parent_id,
-                    RelationTypes.ANNOTATION,
-                    event_type,
-                    sender,
-                    aggregation_key,
-                ),
-            )
-
-            return bool(txn.fetchone())
-
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "get_if_user_has_annotated_event", _get_if_user_has_annotated_event
-        )
-
-
-class RelationsStore(RelationsWorkerStore):
-    def _handle_event_relations(self, txn, event):
-        """Handles inserting relation data during peristence of events
-
-        Args:
-            txn
-            event (EventBase)
-        """
-        relation = event.content.get("m.relates_to")
-        if not relation:
-            # No relations
-            return
-
-        rel_type = relation.get("rel_type")
-        if rel_type not in (
-            RelationTypes.ANNOTATION,
-            RelationTypes.REFERENCE,
-            RelationTypes.REPLACE,
-        ):
-            # Unknown relation type
-            return
-
-        parent_id = relation.get("event_id")
-        if not parent_id:
-            # Invalid relation
-            return
-
-        aggregation_key = relation.get("key")
-
-        self._simple_insert_txn(
-            txn,
-            table="event_relations",
-            values={
-                "event_id": event.event_id,
-                "relates_to_id": parent_id,
-                "relation_type": rel_type,
-                "aggregation_key": aggregation_key,
-            },
-        )
-
-        txn.call_after(self.get_relations_for_event.invalidate_many, (parent_id,))
-        txn.call_after(
-            self.get_aggregation_groups_for_event.invalidate_many, (parent_id,)
-        )
-
-        if rel_type == RelationTypes.REPLACE:
-            txn.call_after(self.get_applicable_edit.invalidate, (parent_id,))
-
-    def _handle_redaction(self, txn, redacted_event_id):
-        """Handles receiving a redaction and checking whether we need to remove
-        any redacted relations from the database.
-
-        Args:
-            txn
-            redacted_event_id (str): The event that was redacted.
-        """
-
-        self._simple_delete_txn(
-            txn, table="event_relations", keyvalues={"event_id": redacted_event_id}
-        )
diff --git a/synapse/storage/room.py b/synapse/storage/room.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 43cc56fa6f..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/room.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,681 +0,0 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-# Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
-# Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-
-import collections
-import logging
-import re
-from typing import Optional, Tuple
-
-from canonicaljson import json
-
-from twisted.internet import defer
-
-from synapse.api.errors import StoreError
-from synapse.storage._base import SQLBaseStore
-from synapse.storage.search import SearchStore
-from synapse.types import ThirdPartyInstanceID
-from synapse.util.caches.descriptors import cached, cachedInlineCallbacks
-
-logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-
-
-OpsLevel = collections.namedtuple(
-    "OpsLevel", ("ban_level", "kick_level", "redact_level")
-)
-
-RatelimitOverride = collections.namedtuple(
-    "RatelimitOverride", ("messages_per_second", "burst_count")
-)
-
-
-class RoomWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
-    def get_room(self, room_id):
-        """Retrieve a room.
-
-        Args:
-            room_id (str): The ID of the room to retrieve.
-        Returns:
-            A dict containing the room information, or None if the room is unknown.
-        """
-        return self._simple_select_one(
-            table="rooms",
-            keyvalues={"room_id": room_id},
-            retcols=("room_id", "is_public", "creator"),
-            desc="get_room",
-            allow_none=True,
-        )
-
-    def get_public_room_ids(self):
-        return self._simple_select_onecol(
-            table="rooms",
-            keyvalues={"is_public": True},
-            retcol="room_id",
-            desc="get_public_room_ids",
-        )
-
-    def count_public_rooms(self, network_tuple, ignore_non_federatable):
-        """Counts the number of public rooms as tracked in the room_stats_current
-        and room_stats_state table.
-
-        Args:
-            network_tuple (ThirdPartyInstanceID|None)
-            ignore_non_federatable (bool): If true filters out non-federatable rooms
-        """
-
-        def _count_public_rooms_txn(txn):
-            query_args = []
-
-            if network_tuple:
-                if network_tuple.appservice_id:
-                    published_sql = """
-                        SELECT room_id from appservice_room_list
-                        WHERE appservice_id = ? AND network_id = ?
-                    """
-                    query_args.append(network_tuple.appservice_id)
-                    query_args.append(network_tuple.network_id)
-                else:
-                    published_sql = """
-                        SELECT room_id FROM rooms WHERE is_public
-                    """
-            else:
-                published_sql = """
-                    SELECT room_id FROM rooms WHERE is_public
-                    UNION SELECT room_id from appservice_room_list
-            """
-
-            sql = """
-                SELECT
-                    COALESCE(COUNT(*), 0)
-                FROM (
-                    %(published_sql)s
-                ) published
-                INNER JOIN room_stats_state USING (room_id)
-                INNER JOIN room_stats_current USING (room_id)
-                WHERE
-                    (
-                        join_rules = 'public' OR history_visibility = 'world_readable'
-                    )
-                    AND joined_members > 0
-            """ % {
-                "published_sql": published_sql
-            }
-
-            txn.execute(sql, query_args)
-            return txn.fetchone()[0]
-
-        return self.runInteraction("count_public_rooms", _count_public_rooms_txn)
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_largest_public_rooms(
-        self,
-        network_tuple: Optional[ThirdPartyInstanceID],
-        search_filter: Optional[dict],
-        limit: Optional[int],
-        bounds: Optional[Tuple[int, str]],
-        forwards: bool,
-        ignore_non_federatable: bool = False,
-    ):
-        """Gets the largest public rooms (where largest is in terms of joined
-        members, as tracked in the statistics table).
-
-        Args:
-            network_tuple
-            search_filter
-            limit: Maxmimum number of rows to return, unlimited otherwise.
-            bounds: An uppoer or lower bound to apply to result set if given,
-                consists of a joined member count and room_id (these are
-                excluded from result set).
-            forwards: true iff going forwards, going backwards otherwise
-            ignore_non_federatable: If true filters out non-federatable rooms.
-
-        Returns:
-            Rooms in order: biggest number of joined users first.
-            We then arbitrarily use the room_id as a tie breaker.
-
-        """
-
-        where_clauses = []
-        query_args = []
-
-        if network_tuple:
-            if network_tuple.appservice_id:
-                published_sql = """
-                    SELECT room_id from appservice_room_list
-                    WHERE appservice_id = ? AND network_id = ?
-                """
-                query_args.append(network_tuple.appservice_id)
-                query_args.append(network_tuple.network_id)
-            else:
-                published_sql = """
-                    SELECT room_id FROM rooms WHERE is_public
-                """
-        else:
-            published_sql = """
-                SELECT room_id FROM rooms WHERE is_public
-                UNION SELECT room_id from appservice_room_list
-            """
-
-        # Work out the bounds if we're given them, these bounds look slightly
-        # odd, but are designed to help query planner use indices by pulling
-        # out a common bound.
-        if bounds:
-            last_joined_members, last_room_id = bounds
-            if forwards:
-                where_clauses.append(
-                    """
-                        joined_members <= ? AND (
-                            joined_members < ? OR room_id < ?
-                        )
-                    """
-                )
-            else:
-                where_clauses.append(
-                    """
-                        joined_members >= ? AND (
-                            joined_members > ? OR room_id > ?
-                        )
-                    """
-                )
-
-            query_args += [last_joined_members, last_joined_members, last_room_id]
-
-        if ignore_non_federatable:
-            where_clauses.append("is_federatable")
-
-        if search_filter and search_filter.get("generic_search_term", None):
-            search_term = "%" + search_filter["generic_search_term"] + "%"
-
-            where_clauses.append(
-                """
-                    (
-                        name LIKE ?
-                        OR topic LIKE ?
-                        OR canonical_alias LIKE ?
-                    )
-                """
-            )
-            query_args += [search_term, search_term, search_term]
-
-        where_clause = ""
-        if where_clauses:
-            where_clause = " AND " + " AND ".join(where_clauses)
-
-        sql = """
-            SELECT
-                room_id, name, topic, canonical_alias, joined_members,
-                avatar, history_visibility, joined_members, guest_access
-            FROM (
-                %(published_sql)s
-            ) published
-            INNER JOIN room_stats_state USING (room_id)
-            INNER JOIN room_stats_current USING (room_id)
-            WHERE
-                (
-                    join_rules = 'public' OR history_visibility = 'world_readable'
-                )
-                AND joined_members > 0
-                %(where_clause)s
-            ORDER BY joined_members %(dir)s, room_id %(dir)s
-        """ % {
-            "published_sql": published_sql,
-            "where_clause": where_clause,
-            "dir": "DESC" if forwards else "ASC",
-        }
-
-        if limit is not None:
-            query_args.append(limit)
-
-            sql += """
-                LIMIT ?
-            """
-
-        def _get_largest_public_rooms_txn(txn):
-            txn.execute(sql, query_args)
-
-            results = self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
-
-            if not forwards:
-                results.reverse()
-
-            return results
-
-        ret_val = yield self.runInteraction(
-            "get_largest_public_rooms", _get_largest_public_rooms_txn
-        )
-        defer.returnValue(ret_val)
-
-    @cached(max_entries=10000)
-    def is_room_blocked(self, room_id):
-        return self._simple_select_one_onecol(
-            table="blocked_rooms",
-            keyvalues={"room_id": room_id},
-            retcol="1",
-            allow_none=True,
-            desc="is_room_blocked",
-        )
-
-    @cachedInlineCallbacks(max_entries=10000)
-    def get_ratelimit_for_user(self, user_id):
-        """Check if there are any overrides for ratelimiting for the given
-        user
-
-        Args:
-            user_id (str)
-
-        Returns:
-            RatelimitOverride if there is an override, else None. If the contents
-            of RatelimitOverride are None or 0 then ratelimitng has been
-            disabled for that user entirely.
-        """
-        row = yield self._simple_select_one(
-            table="ratelimit_override",
-            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
-            retcols=("messages_per_second", "burst_count"),
-            allow_none=True,
-            desc="get_ratelimit_for_user",
-        )
-
-        if row:
-            return RatelimitOverride(
-                messages_per_second=row["messages_per_second"],
-                burst_count=row["burst_count"],
-            )
-        else:
-            return None
-
-
-class RoomStore(RoomWorkerStore, SearchStore):
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def store_room(self, room_id, room_creator_user_id, is_public):
-        """Stores a room.
-
-        Args:
-            room_id (str): The desired room ID, can be None.
-            room_creator_user_id (str): The user ID of the room creator.
-            is_public (bool): True to indicate that this room should appear in
-            public room lists.
-        Raises:
-            StoreError if the room could not be stored.
-        """
-        try:
-
-            def store_room_txn(txn, next_id):
-                self._simple_insert_txn(
-                    txn,
-                    "rooms",
-                    {
-                        "room_id": room_id,
-                        "creator": room_creator_user_id,
-                        "is_public": is_public,
-                    },
-                )
-                if is_public:
-                    self._simple_insert_txn(
-                        txn,
-                        table="public_room_list_stream",
-                        values={
-                            "stream_id": next_id,
-                            "room_id": room_id,
-                            "visibility": is_public,
-                        },
-                    )
-
-            with self._public_room_id_gen.get_next() as next_id:
-                yield self.runInteraction("store_room_txn", store_room_txn, next_id)
-        except Exception as e:
-            logger.error("store_room with room_id=%s failed: %s", room_id, e)
-            raise StoreError(500, "Problem creating room.")
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def set_room_is_public(self, room_id, is_public):
-        def set_room_is_public_txn(txn, next_id):
-            self._simple_update_one_txn(
-                txn,
-                table="rooms",
-                keyvalues={"room_id": room_id},
-                updatevalues={"is_public": is_public},
-            )
-
-            entries = self._simple_select_list_txn(
-                txn,
-                table="public_room_list_stream",
-                keyvalues={
-                    "room_id": room_id,
-                    "appservice_id": None,
-                    "network_id": None,
-                },
-                retcols=("stream_id", "visibility"),
-            )
-
-            entries.sort(key=lambda r: r["stream_id"])
-
-            add_to_stream = True
-            if entries:
-                add_to_stream = bool(entries[-1]["visibility"]) != is_public
-
-            if add_to_stream:
-                self._simple_insert_txn(
-                    txn,
-                    table="public_room_list_stream",
-                    values={
-                        "stream_id": next_id,
-                        "room_id": room_id,
-                        "visibility": is_public,
-                        "appservice_id": None,
-                        "network_id": None,
-                    },
-                )
-
-        with self._public_room_id_gen.get_next() as next_id:
-            yield self.runInteraction(
-                "set_room_is_public", set_room_is_public_txn, next_id
-            )
-        self.hs.get_notifier().on_new_replication_data()
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def set_room_is_public_appservice(
-        self, room_id, appservice_id, network_id, is_public
-    ):
-        """Edit the appservice/network specific public room list.
-
-        Each appservice can have a number of published room lists associated
-        with them, keyed off of an appservice defined `network_id`, which
-        basically represents a single instance of a bridge to a third party
-        network.
-
-        Args:
-            room_id (str)
-            appservice_id (str)
-            network_id (str)
-            is_public (bool): Whether to publish or unpublish the room from the
-                list.
-        """
-
-        def set_room_is_public_appservice_txn(txn, next_id):
-            if is_public:
-                try:
-                    self._simple_insert_txn(
-                        txn,
-                        table="appservice_room_list",
-                        values={
-                            "appservice_id": appservice_id,
-                            "network_id": network_id,
-                            "room_id": room_id,
-                        },
-                    )
-                except self.database_engine.module.IntegrityError:
-                    # We've already inserted, nothing to do.
-                    return
-            else:
-                self._simple_delete_txn(
-                    txn,
-                    table="appservice_room_list",
-                    keyvalues={
-                        "appservice_id": appservice_id,
-                        "network_id": network_id,
-                        "room_id": room_id,
-                    },
-                )
-
-            entries = self._simple_select_list_txn(
-                txn,
-                table="public_room_list_stream",
-                keyvalues={
-                    "room_id": room_id,
-                    "appservice_id": appservice_id,
-                    "network_id": network_id,
-                },
-                retcols=("stream_id", "visibility"),
-            )
-
-            entries.sort(key=lambda r: r["stream_id"])
-
-            add_to_stream = True
-            if entries:
-                add_to_stream = bool(entries[-1]["visibility"]) != is_public
-
-            if add_to_stream:
-                self._simple_insert_txn(
-                    txn,
-                    table="public_room_list_stream",
-                    values={
-                        "stream_id": next_id,
-                        "room_id": room_id,
-                        "visibility": is_public,
-                        "appservice_id": appservice_id,
-                        "network_id": network_id,
-                    },
-                )
-
-        with self._public_room_id_gen.get_next() as next_id:
-            yield self.runInteraction(
-                "set_room_is_public_appservice",
-                set_room_is_public_appservice_txn,
-                next_id,
-            )
-        self.hs.get_notifier().on_new_replication_data()
-
-    def get_room_count(self):
-        """Retrieve a list of all rooms
-        """
-
-        def f(txn):
-            sql = "SELECT count(*)  FROM rooms"
-            txn.execute(sql)
-            row = txn.fetchone()
-            return row[0] or 0
-
-        return self.runInteraction("get_rooms", f)
-
-    def _store_room_topic_txn(self, txn, event):
-        if hasattr(event, "content") and "topic" in event.content:
-            self.store_event_search_txn(
-                txn, event, "content.topic", event.content["topic"]
-            )
-
-    def _store_room_name_txn(self, txn, event):
-        if hasattr(event, "content") and "name" in event.content:
-            self.store_event_search_txn(
-                txn, event, "content.name", event.content["name"]
-            )
-
-    def _store_room_message_txn(self, txn, event):
-        if hasattr(event, "content") and "body" in event.content:
-            self.store_event_search_txn(
-                txn, event, "content.body", event.content["body"]
-            )
-
-    def add_event_report(
-        self, room_id, event_id, user_id, reason, content, received_ts
-    ):
-        next_id = self._event_reports_id_gen.get_next()
-        return self._simple_insert(
-            table="event_reports",
-            values={
-                "id": next_id,
-                "received_ts": received_ts,
-                "room_id": room_id,
-                "event_id": event_id,
-                "user_id": user_id,
-                "reason": reason,
-                "content": json.dumps(content),
-            },
-            desc="add_event_report",
-        )
-
-    def get_current_public_room_stream_id(self):
-        return self._public_room_id_gen.get_current_token()
-
-    def get_all_new_public_rooms(self, prev_id, current_id, limit):
-        def get_all_new_public_rooms(txn):
-            sql = """
-                SELECT stream_id, room_id, visibility, appservice_id, network_id
-                FROM public_room_list_stream
-                WHERE stream_id > ? AND stream_id <= ?
-                ORDER BY stream_id ASC
-                LIMIT ?
-            """
-
-            txn.execute(sql, (prev_id, current_id, limit))
-            return txn.fetchall()
-
-        if prev_id == current_id:
-            return defer.succeed([])
-
-        return self.runInteraction("get_all_new_public_rooms", get_all_new_public_rooms)
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def block_room(self, room_id, user_id):
-        """Marks the room as blocked. Can be called multiple times.
-
-        Args:
-            room_id (str): Room to block
-            user_id (str): Who blocked it
-
-        Returns:
-            Deferred
-        """
-        yield self._simple_upsert(
-            table="blocked_rooms",
-            keyvalues={"room_id": room_id},
-            values={},
-            insertion_values={"user_id": user_id},
-            desc="block_room",
-        )
-        yield self.runInteraction(
-            "block_room_invalidation",
-            self._invalidate_cache_and_stream,
-            self.is_room_blocked,
-            (room_id,),
-        )
-
-    def get_media_mxcs_in_room(self, room_id):
-        """Retrieves all the local and remote media MXC URIs in a given room
-
-        Args:
-            room_id (str)
-
-        Returns:
-            The local and remote media as a lists of tuples where the key is
-            the hostname and the value is the media ID.
-        """
-
-        def _get_media_mxcs_in_room_txn(txn):
-            local_mxcs, remote_mxcs = self._get_media_mxcs_in_room_txn(txn, room_id)
-            local_media_mxcs = []
-            remote_media_mxcs = []
-
-            # Convert the IDs to MXC URIs
-            for media_id in local_mxcs:
-                local_media_mxcs.append("mxc://%s/%s" % (self.hs.hostname, media_id))
-            for hostname, media_id in remote_mxcs:
-                remote_media_mxcs.append("mxc://%s/%s" % (hostname, media_id))
-
-            return local_media_mxcs, remote_media_mxcs
-
-        return self.runInteraction("get_media_ids_in_room", _get_media_mxcs_in_room_txn)
-
-    def quarantine_media_ids_in_room(self, room_id, quarantined_by):
-        """For a room loops through all events with media and quarantines
-        the associated media
-        """
-
-        def _quarantine_media_in_room_txn(txn):
-            local_mxcs, remote_mxcs = self._get_media_mxcs_in_room_txn(txn, room_id)
-            total_media_quarantined = 0
-
-            # Now update all the tables to set the quarantined_by flag
-
-            txn.executemany(
-                """
-                UPDATE local_media_repository
-                SET quarantined_by = ?
-                WHERE media_id = ?
-            """,
-                ((quarantined_by, media_id) for media_id in local_mxcs),
-            )
-
-            txn.executemany(
-                """
-                    UPDATE remote_media_cache
-                    SET quarantined_by = ?
-                    WHERE media_origin = ? AND media_id = ?
-                """,
-                (
-                    (quarantined_by, origin, media_id)
-                    for origin, media_id in remote_mxcs
-                ),
-            )
-
-            total_media_quarantined += len(local_mxcs)
-            total_media_quarantined += len(remote_mxcs)
-
-            return total_media_quarantined
-
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "quarantine_media_in_room", _quarantine_media_in_room_txn
-        )
-
-    def _get_media_mxcs_in_room_txn(self, txn, room_id):
-        """Retrieves all the local and remote media MXC URIs in a given room
-
-        Args:
-            txn (cursor)
-            room_id (str)
-
-        Returns:
-            The local and remote media as a lists of tuples where the key is
-            the hostname and the value is the media ID.
-        """
-        mxc_re = re.compile("^mxc://([^/]+)/([^/#?]+)")
-
-        next_token = self.get_current_events_token() + 1
-        local_media_mxcs = []
-        remote_media_mxcs = []
-
-        while next_token:
-            sql = """
-                SELECT stream_ordering, json FROM events
-                JOIN event_json USING (room_id, event_id)
-                WHERE room_id = ?
-                    AND stream_ordering < ?
-                    AND contains_url = ? AND outlier = ?
-                ORDER BY stream_ordering DESC
-                LIMIT ?
-            """
-            txn.execute(sql, (room_id, next_token, True, False, 100))
-
-            next_token = None
-            for stream_ordering, content_json in txn:
-                next_token = stream_ordering
-                event_json = json.loads(content_json)
-                content = event_json["content"]
-                content_url = content.get("url")
-                thumbnail_url = content.get("info", {}).get("thumbnail_url")
-
-                for url in (content_url, thumbnail_url):
-                    if not url:
-                        continue
-                    matches = mxc_re.match(url)
-                    if matches:
-                        hostname = matches.group(1)
-                        media_id = matches.group(2)
-                        if hostname == self.hs.hostname:
-                            local_media_mxcs.append(media_id)
-                        else:
-                            remote_media_mxcs.append((hostname, media_id))
-
-        return local_media_mxcs, remote_media_mxcs
diff --git a/synapse/storage/roommember.py b/synapse/storage/roommember.py
index ff63487823..8c4a83a840 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/roommember.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/roommember.py
@@ -17,26 +17,6 @@
 import logging
 from collections import namedtuple
 
-from six import iteritems, itervalues
-
-from canonicaljson import json
-
-from twisted.internet import defer
-
-from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes, Membership
-from synapse.metrics import LaterGauge
-from synapse.metrics.background_process_metrics import run_as_background_process
-from synapse.storage._base import LoggingTransaction, make_in_list_sql_clause
-from synapse.storage.background_updates import BackgroundUpdateStore
-from synapse.storage.engines import Sqlite3Engine
-from synapse.storage.events_worker import EventsWorkerStore
-from synapse.types import get_domain_from_id
-from synapse.util.async_helpers import Linearizer
-from synapse.util.caches import intern_string
-from synapse.util.caches.descriptors import cached, cachedInlineCallbacks, cachedList
-from synapse.util.metrics import Measure
-from synapse.util.stringutils import to_ascii
-
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
@@ -57,1102 +37,3 @@ ProfileInfo = namedtuple("ProfileInfo", ("avatar_url", "display_name"))
 # a given membership type, suitable for use in calculating heroes for a room.
 # "count" points to the total numberr of users of a given membership type.
 MemberSummary = namedtuple("MemberSummary", ("members", "count"))
-
-_MEMBERSHIP_PROFILE_UPDATE_NAME = "room_membership_profile_update"
-_CURRENT_STATE_MEMBERSHIP_UPDATE_NAME = "current_state_events_membership"
-
-
-class RoomMemberWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore):
-    def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
-        super(RoomMemberWorkerStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
-
-        # Is the current_state_events.membership up to date? Or is the
-        # background update still running?
-        self._current_state_events_membership_up_to_date = False
-
-        txn = LoggingTransaction(
-            db_conn.cursor(),
-            name="_check_safe_current_state_events_membership_updated",
-            database_engine=self.database_engine,
-        )
-        self._check_safe_current_state_events_membership_updated_txn(txn)
-        txn.close()
-
-        if self.hs.config.metrics_flags.known_servers:
-            self._known_servers_count = 1
-            self.hs.get_clock().looping_call(
-                run_as_background_process,
-                60 * 1000,
-                "_count_known_servers",
-                self._count_known_servers,
-            )
-            self.hs.get_clock().call_later(
-                1000,
-                run_as_background_process,
-                "_count_known_servers",
-                self._count_known_servers,
-            )
-            LaterGauge(
-                "synapse_federation_known_servers",
-                "",
-                [],
-                lambda: self._known_servers_count,
-            )
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _count_known_servers(self):
-        """
-        Count the servers that this server knows about.
-
-        The statistic is stored on the class for the
-        `synapse_federation_known_servers` LaterGauge to collect.
-        """
-
-        def _transact(txn):
-            if isinstance(self.database_engine, Sqlite3Engine):
-                query = """
-                    SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT substr(out.user_id, pos+1))
-                    FROM (
-                        SELECT rm.user_id as user_id, instr(rm.user_id, ':')
-                            AS pos FROM room_memberships as rm
-                        INNER JOIN current_state_events as c ON rm.event_id = c.event_id
-                        WHERE c.type = 'm.room.member'
-                    ) as out
-                """
-            else:
-                query = """
-                    SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT split_part(state_key, ':', 2))
-                    FROM current_state_events
-                    WHERE type = 'm.room.member' AND membership = 'join';
-                """
-            txn.execute(query)
-            return list(txn)[0][0]
-
-        count = yield self.runInteraction("get_known_servers", _transact)
-
-        # We always know about ourselves, even if we have nothing in
-        # room_memberships (for example, the server is new).
-        self._known_servers_count = max([count, 1])
-        return self._known_servers_count
-
-    def _check_safe_current_state_events_membership_updated_txn(self, txn):
-        """Checks if it is safe to assume the new current_state_events
-        membership column is up to date
-        """
-
-        pending_update = self._simple_select_one_txn(
-            txn,
-            table="background_updates",
-            keyvalues={"update_name": _CURRENT_STATE_MEMBERSHIP_UPDATE_NAME},
-            retcols=["update_name"],
-            allow_none=True,
-        )
-
-        self._current_state_events_membership_up_to_date = not pending_update
-
-        # If the update is still running, reschedule to run.
-        if pending_update:
-            self._clock.call_later(
-                15.0,
-                run_as_background_process,
-                "_check_safe_current_state_events_membership_updated",
-                self.runInteraction,
-                "_check_safe_current_state_events_membership_updated",
-                self._check_safe_current_state_events_membership_updated_txn,
-            )
-
-    @cachedInlineCallbacks(max_entries=100000, iterable=True, cache_context=True)
-    def get_hosts_in_room(self, room_id, cache_context):
-        """Returns the set of all hosts currently in the room
-        """
-        user_ids = yield self.get_users_in_room(
-            room_id, on_invalidate=cache_context.invalidate
-        )
-        hosts = frozenset(get_domain_from_id(user_id) for user_id in user_ids)
-        return hosts
-
-    @cached(max_entries=100000, iterable=True)
-    def get_users_in_room(self, room_id):
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "get_users_in_room", self.get_users_in_room_txn, room_id
-        )
-
-    def get_users_in_room_txn(self, txn, room_id):
-        # If we can assume current_state_events.membership is up to date
-        # then we can avoid a join, which is a Very Good Thing given how
-        # frequently this function gets called.
-        if self._current_state_events_membership_up_to_date:
-            sql = """
-                SELECT state_key FROM current_state_events
-                WHERE type = 'm.room.member' AND room_id = ? AND membership = ?
-            """
-        else:
-            sql = """
-                SELECT state_key FROM room_memberships as m
-                INNER JOIN current_state_events as c
-                ON m.event_id = c.event_id
-                AND m.room_id = c.room_id
-                AND m.user_id = c.state_key
-                WHERE c.type = 'm.room.member' AND c.room_id = ? AND m.membership = ?
-            """
-
-        txn.execute(sql, (room_id, Membership.JOIN))
-        return [to_ascii(r[0]) for r in txn]
-
-    @cached(max_entries=100000)
-    def get_room_summary(self, room_id):
-        """ Get the details of a room roughly suitable for use by the room
-        summary extension to /sync. Useful when lazy loading room members.
-        Args:
-            room_id (str): The room ID to query
-        Returns:
-            Deferred[dict[str, MemberSummary]:
-                dict of membership states, pointing to a MemberSummary named tuple.
-        """
-
-        def _get_room_summary_txn(txn):
-            # first get counts.
-            # We do this all in one transaction to keep the cache small.
-            # FIXME: get rid of this when we have room_stats
-
-            # If we can assume current_state_events.membership is up to date
-            # then we can avoid a join, which is a Very Good Thing given how
-            # frequently this function gets called.
-            if self._current_state_events_membership_up_to_date:
-                # Note, rejected events will have a null membership field, so
-                # we we manually filter them out.
-                sql = """
-                    SELECT count(*), membership FROM current_state_events
-                    WHERE type = 'm.room.member' AND room_id = ?
-                        AND membership IS NOT NULL
-                    GROUP BY membership
-                """
-            else:
-                sql = """
-                    SELECT count(*), m.membership FROM room_memberships as m
-                    INNER JOIN current_state_events as c
-                    ON m.event_id = c.event_id
-                    AND m.room_id = c.room_id
-                    AND m.user_id = c.state_key
-                    WHERE c.type = 'm.room.member' AND c.room_id = ?
-                    GROUP BY m.membership
-                """
-
-            txn.execute(sql, (room_id,))
-            res = {}
-            for count, membership in txn:
-                summary = res.setdefault(to_ascii(membership), MemberSummary([], count))
-
-            # we order by membership and then fairly arbitrarily by event_id so
-            # heroes are consistent
-            if self._current_state_events_membership_up_to_date:
-                # Note, rejected events will have a null membership field, so
-                # we we manually filter them out.
-                sql = """
-                    SELECT state_key, membership, event_id
-                    FROM current_state_events
-                    WHERE type = 'm.room.member' AND room_id = ?
-                        AND membership IS NOT NULL
-                    ORDER BY
-                        CASE membership WHEN ? THEN 1 WHEN ? THEN 2 ELSE 3 END ASC,
-                        event_id ASC
-                    LIMIT ?
-                """
-            else:
-                sql = """
-                    SELECT c.state_key, m.membership, c.event_id
-                    FROM room_memberships as m
-                    INNER JOIN current_state_events as c USING (room_id, event_id)
-                    WHERE c.type = 'm.room.member' AND c.room_id = ?
-                    ORDER BY
-                        CASE m.membership WHEN ? THEN 1 WHEN ? THEN 2 ELSE 3 END ASC,
-                        c.event_id ASC
-                    LIMIT ?
-                """
-
-            # 6 is 5 (number of heroes) plus 1, in case one of them is the calling user.
-            txn.execute(sql, (room_id, Membership.JOIN, Membership.INVITE, 6))
-            for user_id, membership, event_id in txn:
-                summary = res[to_ascii(membership)]
-                # we will always have a summary for this membership type at this
-                # point given the summary currently contains the counts.
-                members = summary.members
-                members.append((to_ascii(user_id), to_ascii(event_id)))
-
-            return res
-
-        return self.runInteraction("get_room_summary", _get_room_summary_txn)
-
-    def _get_user_counts_in_room_txn(self, txn, room_id):
-        """
-        Get the user count in a room by membership.
-
-        Args:
-            room_id (str)
-            membership (Membership)
-
-        Returns:
-            Deferred[int]
-        """
-        sql = """
-        SELECT m.membership, count(*) FROM room_memberships as m
-            INNER JOIN current_state_events as c USING(event_id)
-            WHERE c.type = 'm.room.member' AND c.room_id = ?
-            GROUP BY m.membership
-        """
-
-        txn.execute(sql, (room_id,))
-        return {row[0]: row[1] for row in txn}
-
-    @cached()
-    def get_invited_rooms_for_user(self, user_id):
-        """ Get all the rooms the user is invited to
-        Args:
-            user_id (str): The user ID.
-        Returns:
-            A deferred list of RoomsForUser.
-        """
-
-        return self.get_rooms_for_user_where_membership_is(user_id, [Membership.INVITE])
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_invite_for_user_in_room(self, user_id, room_id):
-        """Gets the invite for the given user and room
-
-        Args:
-            user_id (str)
-            room_id (str)
-
-        Returns:
-            Deferred: Resolves to either a RoomsForUser or None if no invite was
-                found.
-        """
-        invites = yield self.get_invited_rooms_for_user(user_id)
-        for invite in invites:
-            if invite.room_id == room_id:
-                return invite
-        return None
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_rooms_for_user_where_membership_is(self, user_id, membership_list):
-        """ Get all the rooms for this user where the membership for this user
-        matches one in the membership list.
-
-        Filters out forgotten rooms.
-
-        Args:
-            user_id (str): The user ID.
-            membership_list (list): A list of synapse.api.constants.Membership
-            values which the user must be in.
-
-        Returns:
-            Deferred[list[RoomsForUser]]
-        """
-        if not membership_list:
-            return defer.succeed(None)
-
-        rooms = yield self.runInteraction(
-            "get_rooms_for_user_where_membership_is",
-            self._get_rooms_for_user_where_membership_is_txn,
-            user_id,
-            membership_list,
-        )
-
-        # Now we filter out forgotten rooms
-        forgotten_rooms = yield self.get_forgotten_rooms_for_user(user_id)
-        return [room for room in rooms if room.room_id not in forgotten_rooms]
-
-    def _get_rooms_for_user_where_membership_is_txn(
-        self, txn, user_id, membership_list
-    ):
-
-        do_invite = Membership.INVITE in membership_list
-        membership_list = [m for m in membership_list if m != Membership.INVITE]
-
-        results = []
-        if membership_list:
-            if self._current_state_events_membership_up_to_date:
-                clause, args = make_in_list_sql_clause(
-                    self.database_engine, "c.membership", membership_list
-                )
-                sql = """
-                    SELECT room_id, e.sender, c.membership, event_id, e.stream_ordering
-                    FROM current_state_events AS c
-                    INNER JOIN events AS e USING (room_id, event_id)
-                    WHERE
-                        c.type = 'm.room.member'
-                        AND state_key = ?
-                        AND %s
-                """ % (
-                    clause,
-                )
-            else:
-                clause, args = make_in_list_sql_clause(
-                    self.database_engine, "m.membership", membership_list
-                )
-                sql = """
-                    SELECT room_id, e.sender, m.membership, event_id, e.stream_ordering
-                    FROM current_state_events AS c
-                    INNER JOIN room_memberships AS m USING (room_id, event_id)
-                    INNER JOIN events AS e USING (room_id, event_id)
-                    WHERE
-                        c.type = 'm.room.member'
-                        AND state_key = ?
-                        AND %s
-                """ % (
-                    clause,
-                )
-
-            txn.execute(sql, (user_id, *args))
-            results = [RoomsForUser(**r) for r in self.cursor_to_dict(txn)]
-
-        if do_invite:
-            sql = (
-                "SELECT i.room_id, inviter, i.event_id, e.stream_ordering"
-                " FROM local_invites as i"
-                " INNER JOIN events as e USING (event_id)"
-                " WHERE invitee = ? AND locally_rejected is NULL"
-                " AND replaced_by is NULL"
-            )
-
-            txn.execute(sql, (user_id,))
-            results.extend(
-                RoomsForUser(
-                    room_id=r["room_id"],
-                    sender=r["inviter"],
-                    event_id=r["event_id"],
-                    stream_ordering=r["stream_ordering"],
-                    membership=Membership.INVITE,
-                )
-                for r in self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
-            )
-
-        return results
-
-    @cachedInlineCallbacks(max_entries=500000, iterable=True)
-    def get_rooms_for_user_with_stream_ordering(self, user_id):
-        """Returns a set of room_ids the user is currently joined to
-
-        Args:
-            user_id (str)
-
-        Returns:
-            Deferred[frozenset[GetRoomsForUserWithStreamOrdering]]: Returns
-            the rooms the user is in currently, along with the stream ordering
-            of the most recent join for that user and room.
-        """
-        rooms = yield self.get_rooms_for_user_where_membership_is(
-            user_id, membership_list=[Membership.JOIN]
-        )
-        return frozenset(
-            GetRoomsForUserWithStreamOrdering(r.room_id, r.stream_ordering)
-            for r in rooms
-        )
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_rooms_for_user(self, user_id, on_invalidate=None):
-        """Returns a set of room_ids the user is currently joined to
-        """
-        rooms = yield self.get_rooms_for_user_with_stream_ordering(
-            user_id, on_invalidate=on_invalidate
-        )
-        return frozenset(r.room_id for r in rooms)
-
-    @cachedInlineCallbacks(max_entries=500000, cache_context=True, iterable=True)
-    def get_users_who_share_room_with_user(self, user_id, cache_context):
-        """Returns the set of users who share a room with `user_id`
-        """
-        room_ids = yield self.get_rooms_for_user(
-            user_id, on_invalidate=cache_context.invalidate
-        )
-
-        user_who_share_room = set()
-        for room_id in room_ids:
-            user_ids = yield self.get_users_in_room(
-                room_id, on_invalidate=cache_context.invalidate
-            )
-            user_who_share_room.update(user_ids)
-
-        return user_who_share_room
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_joined_users_from_context(self, event, context):
-        state_group = context.state_group
-        if not state_group:
-            # If state_group is None it means it has yet to be assigned a
-            # state group, i.e. we need to make sure that calls with a state_group
-            # of None don't hit previous cached calls with a None state_group.
-            # To do this we set the state_group to a new object as object() != object()
-            state_group = object()
-
-        current_state_ids = yield context.get_current_state_ids(self)
-        result = yield self._get_joined_users_from_context(
-            event.room_id, state_group, current_state_ids, event=event, context=context
-        )
-        return result
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_joined_users_from_state(self, room_id, state_entry):
-        state_group = state_entry.state_group
-        if not state_group:
-            # If state_group is None it means it has yet to be assigned a
-            # state group, i.e. we need to make sure that calls with a state_group
-            # of None don't hit previous cached calls with a None state_group.
-            # To do this we set the state_group to a new object as object() != object()
-            state_group = object()
-
-        with Measure(self._clock, "get_joined_users_from_state"):
-            return (
-                yield self._get_joined_users_from_context(
-                    room_id, state_group, state_entry.state, context=state_entry
-                )
-            )
-
-    @cachedInlineCallbacks(
-        num_args=2, cache_context=True, iterable=True, max_entries=100000
-    )
-    def _get_joined_users_from_context(
-        self,
-        room_id,
-        state_group,
-        current_state_ids,
-        cache_context,
-        event=None,
-        context=None,
-    ):
-        # We don't use `state_group`, it's there so that we can cache based
-        # on it. However, it's important that it's never None, since two current_states
-        # with a state_group of None are likely to be different.
-        # See bulk_get_push_rules_for_room for how we work around this.
-        assert state_group is not None
-
-        users_in_room = {}
-        member_event_ids = [
-            e_id
-            for key, e_id in iteritems(current_state_ids)
-            if key[0] == EventTypes.Member
-        ]
-
-        if context is not None:
-            # If we have a context with a delta from a previous state group,
-            # check if we also have the result from the previous group in cache.
-            # If we do then we can reuse that result and simply update it with
-            # any membership changes in `delta_ids`
-            if context.prev_group and context.delta_ids:
-                prev_res = self._get_joined_users_from_context.cache.get(
-                    (room_id, context.prev_group), None
-                )
-                if prev_res and isinstance(prev_res, dict):
-                    users_in_room = dict(prev_res)
-                    member_event_ids = [
-                        e_id
-                        for key, e_id in iteritems(context.delta_ids)
-                        if key[0] == EventTypes.Member
-                    ]
-                    for etype, state_key in context.delta_ids:
-                        users_in_room.pop(state_key, None)
-
-        # We check if we have any of the member event ids in the event cache
-        # before we ask the DB
-
-        # We don't update the event cache hit ratio as it completely throws off
-        # the hit ratio counts. After all, we don't populate the cache if we
-        # miss it here
-        event_map = self._get_events_from_cache(
-            member_event_ids, allow_rejected=False, update_metrics=False
-        )
-
-        missing_member_event_ids = []
-        for event_id in member_event_ids:
-            ev_entry = event_map.get(event_id)
-            if ev_entry:
-                if ev_entry.event.membership == Membership.JOIN:
-                    users_in_room[to_ascii(ev_entry.event.state_key)] = ProfileInfo(
-                        display_name=to_ascii(
-                            ev_entry.event.content.get("displayname", None)
-                        ),
-                        avatar_url=to_ascii(
-                            ev_entry.event.content.get("avatar_url", None)
-                        ),
-                    )
-            else:
-                missing_member_event_ids.append(event_id)
-
-        if missing_member_event_ids:
-            event_to_memberships = yield self._get_joined_profiles_from_event_ids(
-                missing_member_event_ids
-            )
-            users_in_room.update((row for row in event_to_memberships.values() if row))
-
-        if event is not None and event.type == EventTypes.Member:
-            if event.membership == Membership.JOIN:
-                if event.event_id in member_event_ids:
-                    users_in_room[to_ascii(event.state_key)] = ProfileInfo(
-                        display_name=to_ascii(event.content.get("displayname", None)),
-                        avatar_url=to_ascii(event.content.get("avatar_url", None)),
-                    )
-
-        return users_in_room
-
-    @cached(max_entries=10000)
-    def _get_joined_profile_from_event_id(self, event_id):
-        raise NotImplementedError()
-
-    @cachedList(
-        cached_method_name="_get_joined_profile_from_event_id",
-        list_name="event_ids",
-        inlineCallbacks=True,
-    )
-    def _get_joined_profiles_from_event_ids(self, event_ids):
-        """For given set of member event_ids check if they point to a join
-        event and if so return the associated user and profile info.
-
-        Args:
-            event_ids (Iterable[str]): The member event IDs to lookup
-
-        Returns:
-            Deferred[dict[str, Tuple[str, ProfileInfo]|None]]: Map from event ID
-            to `user_id` and ProfileInfo (or None if not join event).
-        """
-
-        rows = yield self._simple_select_many_batch(
-            table="room_memberships",
-            column="event_id",
-            iterable=event_ids,
-            retcols=("user_id", "display_name", "avatar_url", "event_id"),
-            keyvalues={"membership": Membership.JOIN},
-            batch_size=500,
-            desc="_get_membership_from_event_ids",
-        )
-
-        return {
-            row["event_id"]: (
-                row["user_id"],
-                ProfileInfo(
-                    avatar_url=row["avatar_url"], display_name=row["display_name"]
-                ),
-            )
-            for row in rows
-        }
-
-    @cachedInlineCallbacks(max_entries=10000)
-    def is_host_joined(self, room_id, host):
-        if "%" in host or "_" in host:
-            raise Exception("Invalid host name")
-
-        sql = """
-            SELECT state_key FROM current_state_events AS c
-            INNER JOIN room_memberships AS m USING (event_id)
-            WHERE m.membership = 'join'
-                AND type = 'm.room.member'
-                AND c.room_id = ?
-                AND state_key LIKE ?
-            LIMIT 1
-        """
-
-        # We do need to be careful to ensure that host doesn't have any wild cards
-        # in it, but we checked above for known ones and we'll check below that
-        # the returned user actually has the correct domain.
-        like_clause = "%:" + host
-
-        rows = yield self._execute("is_host_joined", None, sql, room_id, like_clause)
-
-        if not rows:
-            return False
-
-        user_id = rows[0][0]
-        if get_domain_from_id(user_id) != host:
-            # This can only happen if the host name has something funky in it
-            raise Exception("Invalid host name")
-
-        return True
-
-    @cachedInlineCallbacks()
-    def was_host_joined(self, room_id, host):
-        """Check whether the server is or ever was in the room.
-
-        Args:
-            room_id (str)
-            host (str)
-
-        Returns:
-            Deferred: Resolves to True if the host is/was in the room, otherwise
-            False.
-        """
-        if "%" in host or "_" in host:
-            raise Exception("Invalid host name")
-
-        sql = """
-            SELECT user_id FROM room_memberships
-            WHERE room_id = ?
-                AND user_id LIKE ?
-                AND membership = 'join'
-            LIMIT 1
-        """
-
-        # We do need to be careful to ensure that host doesn't have any wild cards
-        # in it, but we checked above for known ones and we'll check below that
-        # the returned user actually has the correct domain.
-        like_clause = "%:" + host
-
-        rows = yield self._execute("was_host_joined", None, sql, room_id, like_clause)
-
-        if not rows:
-            return False
-
-        user_id = rows[0][0]
-        if get_domain_from_id(user_id) != host:
-            # This can only happen if the host name has something funky in it
-            raise Exception("Invalid host name")
-
-        return True
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_joined_hosts(self, room_id, state_entry):
-        state_group = state_entry.state_group
-        if not state_group:
-            # If state_group is None it means it has yet to be assigned a
-            # state group, i.e. we need to make sure that calls with a state_group
-            # of None don't hit previous cached calls with a None state_group.
-            # To do this we set the state_group to a new object as object() != object()
-            state_group = object()
-
-        with Measure(self._clock, "get_joined_hosts"):
-            return (
-                yield self._get_joined_hosts(
-                    room_id, state_group, state_entry.state, state_entry=state_entry
-                )
-            )
-
-    @cachedInlineCallbacks(num_args=2, max_entries=10000, iterable=True)
-    # @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _get_joined_hosts(self, room_id, state_group, current_state_ids, state_entry):
-        # We don't use `state_group`, its there so that we can cache based
-        # on it. However, its important that its never None, since two current_state's
-        # with a state_group of None are likely to be different.
-        # See bulk_get_push_rules_for_room for how we work around this.
-        assert state_group is not None
-
-        cache = self._get_joined_hosts_cache(room_id)
-        joined_hosts = yield cache.get_destinations(state_entry)
-
-        return joined_hosts
-
-    @cached(max_entries=10000)
-    def _get_joined_hosts_cache(self, room_id):
-        return _JoinedHostsCache(self, room_id)
-
-    @cachedInlineCallbacks(num_args=2)
-    def did_forget(self, user_id, room_id):
-        """Returns whether user_id has elected to discard history for room_id.
-
-        Returns False if they have since re-joined."""
-
-        def f(txn):
-            sql = (
-                "SELECT"
-                "  COUNT(*)"
-                " FROM"
-                "  room_memberships"
-                " WHERE"
-                "  user_id = ?"
-                " AND"
-                "  room_id = ?"
-                " AND"
-                "  forgotten = 0"
-            )
-            txn.execute(sql, (user_id, room_id))
-            rows = txn.fetchall()
-            return rows[0][0]
-
-        count = yield self.runInteraction("did_forget_membership", f)
-        return count == 0
-
-    @cached()
-    def get_forgotten_rooms_for_user(self, user_id):
-        """Gets all rooms the user has forgotten.
-
-        Args:
-            user_id (str)
-
-        Returns:
-            Deferred[set[str]]
-        """
-
-        def _get_forgotten_rooms_for_user_txn(txn):
-            # This is a slightly convoluted query that first looks up all rooms
-            # that the user has forgotten in the past, then rechecks that list
-            # to see if any have subsequently been updated. This is done so that
-            # we can use a partial index on `forgotten = 1` on the assumption
-            # that few users will actually forget many rooms.
-            #
-            # Note that a room is considered "forgotten" if *all* membership
-            # events for that user and room have the forgotten field set (as
-            # when a user forgets a room we update all rows for that user and
-            # room, not just the current one).
-            sql = """
-                SELECT room_id, (
-                    SELECT count(*) FROM room_memberships
-                    WHERE room_id = m.room_id AND user_id = m.user_id AND forgotten = 0
-                ) AS count
-                FROM room_memberships AS m
-                WHERE user_id = ? AND forgotten = 1
-                GROUP BY room_id, user_id;
-            """
-            txn.execute(sql, (user_id,))
-            return set(row[0] for row in txn if row[1] == 0)
-
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "get_forgotten_rooms_for_user", _get_forgotten_rooms_for_user_txn
-        )
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_rooms_user_has_been_in(self, user_id):
-        """Get all rooms that the user has ever been in.
-
-        Args:
-            user_id (str)
-
-        Returns:
-            Deferred[set[str]]: Set of room IDs.
-        """
-
-        room_ids = yield self._simple_select_onecol(
-            table="room_memberships",
-            keyvalues={"membership": Membership.JOIN, "user_id": user_id},
-            retcol="room_id",
-            desc="get_rooms_user_has_been_in",
-        )
-
-        return set(room_ids)
-
-
-class RoomMemberBackgroundUpdateStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
-    def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
-        super(RoomMemberBackgroundUpdateStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
-        self.register_background_update_handler(
-            _MEMBERSHIP_PROFILE_UPDATE_NAME, self._background_add_membership_profile
-        )
-        self.register_background_update_handler(
-            _CURRENT_STATE_MEMBERSHIP_UPDATE_NAME,
-            self._background_current_state_membership,
-        )
-        self.register_background_index_update(
-            "room_membership_forgotten_idx",
-            index_name="room_memberships_user_room_forgotten",
-            table="room_memberships",
-            columns=["user_id", "room_id"],
-            where_clause="forgotten = 1",
-        )
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _background_add_membership_profile(self, progress, batch_size):
-        target_min_stream_id = progress.get(
-            "target_min_stream_id_inclusive", self._min_stream_order_on_start
-        )
-        max_stream_id = progress.get(
-            "max_stream_id_exclusive", self._stream_order_on_start + 1
-        )
-
-        INSERT_CLUMP_SIZE = 1000
-
-        def add_membership_profile_txn(txn):
-            sql = """
-                SELECT stream_ordering, event_id, events.room_id, event_json.json
-                FROM events
-                INNER JOIN event_json USING (event_id)
-                INNER JOIN room_memberships USING (event_id)
-                WHERE ? <= stream_ordering AND stream_ordering < ?
-                AND type = 'm.room.member'
-                ORDER BY stream_ordering DESC
-                LIMIT ?
-            """
-
-            txn.execute(sql, (target_min_stream_id, max_stream_id, batch_size))
-
-            rows = self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
-            if not rows:
-                return 0
-
-            min_stream_id = rows[-1]["stream_ordering"]
-
-            to_update = []
-            for row in rows:
-                event_id = row["event_id"]
-                room_id = row["room_id"]
-                try:
-                    event_json = json.loads(row["json"])
-                    content = event_json["content"]
-                except Exception:
-                    continue
-
-                display_name = content.get("displayname", None)
-                avatar_url = content.get("avatar_url", None)
-
-                if display_name or avatar_url:
-                    to_update.append((display_name, avatar_url, event_id, room_id))
-
-            to_update_sql = """
-                UPDATE room_memberships SET display_name = ?, avatar_url = ?
-                WHERE event_id = ? AND room_id = ?
-            """
-            for index in range(0, len(to_update), INSERT_CLUMP_SIZE):
-                clump = to_update[index : index + INSERT_CLUMP_SIZE]
-                txn.executemany(to_update_sql, clump)
-
-            progress = {
-                "target_min_stream_id_inclusive": target_min_stream_id,
-                "max_stream_id_exclusive": min_stream_id,
-            }
-
-            self._background_update_progress_txn(
-                txn, _MEMBERSHIP_PROFILE_UPDATE_NAME, progress
-            )
-
-            return len(rows)
-
-        result = yield self.runInteraction(
-            _MEMBERSHIP_PROFILE_UPDATE_NAME, add_membership_profile_txn
-        )
-
-        if not result:
-            yield self._end_background_update(_MEMBERSHIP_PROFILE_UPDATE_NAME)
-
-        return result
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _background_current_state_membership(self, progress, batch_size):
-        """Update the new membership column on current_state_events.
-
-        This works by iterating over all rooms in alphebetical order.
-        """
-
-        def _background_current_state_membership_txn(txn, last_processed_room):
-            processed = 0
-            while processed < batch_size:
-                txn.execute(
-                    """
-                        SELECT MIN(room_id) FROM current_state_events WHERE room_id > ?
-                    """,
-                    (last_processed_room,),
-                )
-                row = txn.fetchone()
-                if not row or not row[0]:
-                    return processed, True
-
-                next_room, = row
-
-                sql = """
-                    UPDATE current_state_events
-                    SET membership = (
-                        SELECT membership FROM room_memberships
-                        WHERE event_id = current_state_events.event_id
-                    )
-                    WHERE room_id = ?
-                """
-                txn.execute(sql, (next_room,))
-                processed += txn.rowcount
-
-                last_processed_room = next_room
-
-            self._background_update_progress_txn(
-                txn,
-                _CURRENT_STATE_MEMBERSHIP_UPDATE_NAME,
-                {"last_processed_room": last_processed_room},
-            )
-
-            return processed, False
-
-        # If we haven't got a last processed room then just use the empty
-        # string, which will compare before all room IDs correctly.
-        last_processed_room = progress.get("last_processed_room", "")
-
-        row_count, finished = yield self.runInteraction(
-            "_background_current_state_membership_update",
-            _background_current_state_membership_txn,
-            last_processed_room,
-        )
-
-        if finished:
-            yield self._end_background_update(_CURRENT_STATE_MEMBERSHIP_UPDATE_NAME)
-
-        return row_count
-
-
-class RoomMemberStore(RoomMemberWorkerStore, RoomMemberBackgroundUpdateStore):
-    def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
-        super(RoomMemberStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
-
-    def _store_room_members_txn(self, txn, events, backfilled):
-        """Store a room member in the database.
-        """
-        self._simple_insert_many_txn(
-            txn,
-            table="room_memberships",
-            values=[
-                {
-                    "event_id": event.event_id,
-                    "user_id": event.state_key,
-                    "sender": event.user_id,
-                    "room_id": event.room_id,
-                    "membership": event.membership,
-                    "display_name": event.content.get("displayname", None),
-                    "avatar_url": event.content.get("avatar_url", None),
-                }
-                for event in events
-            ],
-        )
-
-        for event in events:
-            txn.call_after(
-                self._membership_stream_cache.entity_has_changed,
-                event.state_key,
-                event.internal_metadata.stream_ordering,
-            )
-            txn.call_after(
-                self.get_invited_rooms_for_user.invalidate, (event.state_key,)
-            )
-
-            # We update the local_invites table only if the event is "current",
-            # i.e., its something that has just happened. If the event is an
-            # outlier it is only current if its an "out of band membership",
-            # like a remote invite or a rejection of a remote invite.
-            is_new_state = not backfilled and (
-                not event.internal_metadata.is_outlier()
-                or event.internal_metadata.is_out_of_band_membership()
-            )
-            is_mine = self.hs.is_mine_id(event.state_key)
-            if is_new_state and is_mine:
-                if event.membership == Membership.INVITE:
-                    self._simple_insert_txn(
-                        txn,
-                        table="local_invites",
-                        values={
-                            "event_id": event.event_id,
-                            "invitee": event.state_key,
-                            "inviter": event.sender,
-                            "room_id": event.room_id,
-                            "stream_id": event.internal_metadata.stream_ordering,
-                        },
-                    )
-                else:
-                    sql = (
-                        "UPDATE local_invites SET stream_id = ?, replaced_by = ? WHERE"
-                        " room_id = ? AND invitee = ? AND locally_rejected is NULL"
-                        " AND replaced_by is NULL"
-                    )
-
-                    txn.execute(
-                        sql,
-                        (
-                            event.internal_metadata.stream_ordering,
-                            event.event_id,
-                            event.room_id,
-                            event.state_key,
-                        ),
-                    )
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def locally_reject_invite(self, user_id, room_id):
-        sql = (
-            "UPDATE local_invites SET stream_id = ?, locally_rejected = ? WHERE"
-            " room_id = ? AND invitee = ? AND locally_rejected is NULL"
-            " AND replaced_by is NULL"
-        )
-
-        def f(txn, stream_ordering):
-            txn.execute(sql, (stream_ordering, True, room_id, user_id))
-
-        with self._stream_id_gen.get_next() as stream_ordering:
-            yield self.runInteraction("locally_reject_invite", f, stream_ordering)
-
-    def forget(self, user_id, room_id):
-        """Indicate that user_id wishes to discard history for room_id."""
-
-        def f(txn):
-            sql = (
-                "UPDATE"
-                "  room_memberships"
-                " SET"
-                "  forgotten = 1"
-                " WHERE"
-                "  user_id = ?"
-                " AND"
-                "  room_id = ?"
-            )
-            txn.execute(sql, (user_id, room_id))
-
-            self._invalidate_cache_and_stream(txn, self.did_forget, (user_id, room_id))
-            self._invalidate_cache_and_stream(
-                txn, self.get_forgotten_rooms_for_user, (user_id,)
-            )
-
-        return self.runInteraction("forget_membership", f)
-
-
-class _JoinedHostsCache(object):
-    """Cache for joined hosts in a room that is optimised to handle updates
-    via state deltas.
-    """
-
-    def __init__(self, store, room_id):
-        self.store = store
-        self.room_id = room_id
-
-        self.hosts_to_joined_users = {}
-
-        self.state_group = object()
-
-        self.linearizer = Linearizer("_JoinedHostsCache")
-
-        self._len = 0
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_destinations(self, state_entry):
-        """Get set of destinations for a state entry
-
-        Args:
-            state_entry(synapse.state._StateCacheEntry)
-        """
-        if state_entry.state_group == self.state_group:
-            return frozenset(self.hosts_to_joined_users)
-
-        with (yield self.linearizer.queue(())):
-            if state_entry.state_group == self.state_group:
-                pass
-            elif state_entry.prev_group == self.state_group:
-                for (typ, state_key), event_id in iteritems(state_entry.delta_ids):
-                    if typ != EventTypes.Member:
-                        continue
-
-                    host = intern_string(get_domain_from_id(state_key))
-                    user_id = state_key
-                    known_joins = self.hosts_to_joined_users.setdefault(host, set())
-
-                    event = yield self.store.get_event(event_id)
-                    if event.membership == Membership.JOIN:
-                        known_joins.add(user_id)
-                    else:
-                        known_joins.discard(user_id)
-
-                        if not known_joins:
-                            self.hosts_to_joined_users.pop(host, None)
-            else:
-                joined_users = yield self.store.get_joined_users_from_state(
-                    self.room_id, state_entry
-                )
-
-                self.hosts_to_joined_users = {}
-                for user_id in joined_users:
-                    host = intern_string(get_domain_from_id(user_id))
-                    self.hosts_to_joined_users.setdefault(host, set()).add(user_id)
-
-            if state_entry.state_group:
-                self.state_group = state_entry.state_group
-            else:
-                self.state_group = object()
-            self._len = sum(len(v) for v in itervalues(self.hosts_to_joined_users))
-        return frozenset(self.hosts_to_joined_users)
-
-    def __len__(self):
-        return self._len
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/12/v12.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/12/v12.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index 5964c5aaac..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/12/v12.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,63 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS rejections(
-    event_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    reason TEXT NOT NULL,
-    last_check TEXT NOT NULL,
-    UNIQUE (event_id)
-);
-
--- Push notification endpoints that users have configured
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS pushers (
-  id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
-  user_name TEXT NOT NULL,
-  profile_tag VARCHAR(32) NOT NULL,
-  kind VARCHAR(8) NOT NULL,
-  app_id VARCHAR(64) NOT NULL,
-  app_display_name VARCHAR(64) NOT NULL,
-  device_display_name VARCHAR(128) NOT NULL,
-  pushkey VARBINARY(512) NOT NULL,
-  ts BIGINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL,
-  lang VARCHAR(8),
-  data LONGBLOB,
-  last_token TEXT,
-  last_success BIGINT UNSIGNED,
-  failing_since BIGINT UNSIGNED,
-  UNIQUE (app_id, pushkey)
-);
-
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS push_rules (
-  id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
-  user_name TEXT NOT NULL,
-  rule_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-  priority_class TINYINT NOT NULL,
-  priority INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
-  conditions TEXT NOT NULL,
-  actions TEXT NOT NULL,
-  UNIQUE(user_name, rule_id)
-);
-
-CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS push_rules_user_name on push_rules (user_name);
-
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS user_filters(
-  user_id TEXT,
-  filter_id BIGINT UNSIGNED,
-  filter_json LONGBLOB
-);
-
-CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS user_filters_by_user_id_filter_id ON user_filters(
-    user_id, filter_id
-);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/13/v13.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/13/v13.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index f8649e5d99..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/13/v13.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-/* We used to create a tables called application_services and
- * application_services_regex, but these are no longer used and are removed in
- * delta 54.
- */
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/14/v14.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/14/v14.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index a831920da6..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/14/v14.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS push_rules_enable (
-  id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
-  user_name TEXT NOT NULL,
-  rule_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-  enabled TINYINT,
-  UNIQUE(user_name, rule_id)
-);
-
-CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS push_rules_enable_user_name on push_rules_enable (user_name);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/15/appservice_txns.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/15/appservice_txns.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index e4f5e76aec..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/15/appservice_txns.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS application_services_state(
-    as_id TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
-    state VARCHAR(5),
-    last_txn INTEGER
-);
-
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS application_services_txns(
-    as_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    txn_id INTEGER NOT NULL,
-    event_ids TEXT NOT NULL,
-    UNIQUE(as_id, txn_id)
-);
-
-CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS application_services_txns_id ON application_services_txns (
-    as_id
-);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/15/presence_indices.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/15/presence_indices.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index 6b8d0f1ca7..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/15/presence_indices.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-
-CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS presence_list_user_id ON presence_list (user_id);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/15/v15.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/15/v15.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index 9523d2bcc3..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/15/v15.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
--- Drop, copy & recreate pushers table to change unique key
--- Also add access_token column at the same time
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS pushers2 (
-  id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY,
-  user_name TEXT NOT NULL,
-  access_token BIGINT DEFAULT NULL,
-  profile_tag VARCHAR(32) NOT NULL,
-  kind VARCHAR(8) NOT NULL,
-  app_id VARCHAR(64) NOT NULL,
-  app_display_name VARCHAR(64) NOT NULL,
-  device_display_name VARCHAR(128) NOT NULL,
-  pushkey bytea NOT NULL,
-  ts BIGINT NOT NULL,
-  lang VARCHAR(8),
-  data bytea,
-  last_token TEXT,
-  last_success BIGINT,
-  failing_since BIGINT,
-  UNIQUE (app_id, pushkey)
-);
-INSERT INTO pushers2 (id, user_name, profile_tag, kind, app_id, app_display_name, device_display_name, pushkey, ts, lang, data, last_token, last_success, failing_since)
-  SELECT id, user_name, profile_tag, kind, app_id, app_display_name, device_display_name, pushkey, ts, lang, data, last_token, last_success, failing_since FROM pushers;
-DROP TABLE pushers;
-ALTER TABLE pushers2 RENAME TO pushers;
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/16/events_order_index.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/16/events_order_index.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index a48f215170..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/16/events_order_index.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-CREATE INDEX events_order ON events (topological_ordering, stream_ordering);
-CREATE INDEX events_order_room ON events (
-    room_id, topological_ordering, stream_ordering
-);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/16/remote_media_cache_index.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/16/remote_media_cache_index.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index 7a15265cb1..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/16/remote_media_cache_index.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS remote_media_cache_thumbnails_media_id
-    ON remote_media_cache_thumbnails (media_id);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/16/remove_duplicates.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/16/remove_duplicates.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index 65c97b5e2f..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/16/remove_duplicates.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-
-
-DELETE FROM event_to_state_groups WHERE state_group not in (
-    SELECT MAX(state_group) FROM event_to_state_groups GROUP BY event_id
-);
-
-DELETE FROM event_to_state_groups WHERE rowid not in (
-    SELECT MIN(rowid) FROM event_to_state_groups GROUP BY event_id
-);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/16/room_alias_index.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/16/room_alias_index.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index f82486132b..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/16/room_alias_index.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-
-CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS room_aliases_id ON room_aliases(room_id);
-CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS room_alias_servers_alias ON room_alias_servers(room_alias);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/16/unique_constraints.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/16/unique_constraints.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index 5b8de52c33..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/16/unique_constraints.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,72 +0,0 @@
-
--- We can use SQLite features here, since other db support was only added in v16
-
---
-DELETE FROM current_state_events WHERE rowid not in (
-    SELECT MIN(rowid) FROM current_state_events GROUP BY event_id
-);
-
-DROP INDEX IF EXISTS current_state_events_event_id;
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX current_state_events_event_id ON current_state_events(event_id);
-
---
-DELETE FROM room_memberships WHERE rowid not in (
-    SELECT MIN(rowid) FROM room_memberships GROUP BY event_id
-);
-
-DROP INDEX IF EXISTS room_memberships_event_id;
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX room_memberships_event_id ON room_memberships(event_id);
-
---
-DELETE FROM topics WHERE rowid not in (
-    SELECT MIN(rowid) FROM topics GROUP BY event_id
-);
-
-DROP INDEX IF EXISTS topics_event_id;
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX topics_event_id ON topics(event_id);
-
---
-DELETE FROM room_names WHERE rowid not in (
-    SELECT MIN(rowid) FROM room_names GROUP BY event_id
-);
-
-DROP INDEX IF EXISTS room_names_id;
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX room_names_id ON room_names(event_id);
-
---
-DELETE FROM presence WHERE rowid not in (
-    SELECT MIN(rowid) FROM presence GROUP BY user_id
-);
-
-DROP INDEX IF EXISTS presence_id;
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX presence_id ON presence(user_id);
-
---
-DELETE FROM presence_allow_inbound WHERE rowid not in (
-    SELECT MIN(rowid) FROM presence_allow_inbound
-    GROUP BY observed_user_id, observer_user_id
-);
-
-DROP INDEX IF EXISTS presence_allow_inbound_observers;
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX presence_allow_inbound_observers ON presence_allow_inbound(
-    observed_user_id, observer_user_id
-);
-
---
-DELETE FROM presence_list WHERE rowid not in (
-    SELECT MIN(rowid) FROM presence_list
-    GROUP BY user_id, observed_user_id
-);
-
-DROP INDEX IF EXISTS presence_list_observers;
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX presence_list_observers ON presence_list(
-    user_id, observed_user_id
-);
-
---
-DELETE FROM room_aliases WHERE rowid not in (
-    SELECT MIN(rowid) FROM room_aliases GROUP BY room_alias
-);
-
-DROP INDEX IF EXISTS room_aliases_id;
-CREATE INDEX room_aliases_id ON room_aliases(room_id);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/16/users.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/16/users.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index cd0709250d..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/16/users.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,56 +0,0 @@
--- Convert `access_tokens`.user from rowids to user strings.
--- MUST BE DONE BEFORE REMOVING ID COLUMN FROM USERS TABLE BELOW
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS new_access_tokens(
-    id BIGINT UNSIGNED PRIMARY KEY,
-    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    device_id TEXT,
-    token TEXT NOT NULL,
-    last_used BIGINT UNSIGNED,
-    UNIQUE(token)
-);
-
-INSERT INTO new_access_tokens
-    SELECT a.id, u.name, a.device_id, a.token, a.last_used
-    FROM access_tokens as a
-    INNER JOIN users as u ON u.id = a.user_id;
-
-DROP TABLE access_tokens;
-
-ALTER TABLE new_access_tokens RENAME TO access_tokens;
-
--- Remove ID column from `users` table
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS new_users(
-    name TEXT,
-    password_hash TEXT,
-    creation_ts BIGINT UNSIGNED,
-    admin BOOL DEFAULT 0 NOT NULL,
-    UNIQUE(name)
-);
-
-INSERT INTO new_users SELECT name, password_hash, creation_ts, admin FROM users;
-
-DROP TABLE users;
-
-ALTER TABLE new_users RENAME TO users;
-
-
--- Remove UNIQUE constraint from `user_ips` table
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS new_user_ips (
-    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    access_token TEXT NOT NULL,
-    device_id TEXT,
-    ip TEXT NOT NULL,
-    user_agent TEXT NOT NULL,
-    last_seen BIGINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
-);
-
-INSERT INTO new_user_ips
-    SELECT user, access_token, device_id, ip, user_agent, last_seen FROM user_ips;
-
-DROP TABLE user_ips;
-
-ALTER TABLE new_user_ips RENAME TO user_ips;
-
-CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS user_ips_user ON user_ips(user_id);
-CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS user_ips_user_ip ON user_ips(user_id, access_token, ip);
-
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/17/drop_indexes.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/17/drop_indexes.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index 7c9a90e27f..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/17/drop_indexes.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-DROP INDEX IF EXISTS sent_transaction_dest;
-DROP INDEX IF EXISTS sent_transaction_sent;
-DROP INDEX IF EXISTS user_ips_user;
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/17/server_keys.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/17/server_keys.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index 70b247a06b..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/17/server_keys.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS server_keys_json (
-    server_name TEXT, -- Server name.
-    key_id TEXT, -- Requested key id.
-    from_server TEXT, -- Which server the keys were fetched from.
-    ts_added_ms INTEGER, -- When the keys were fetched
-    ts_valid_until_ms INTEGER, -- When this version of the keys exipires.
-    key_json bytea, -- JSON certificate for the remote server.
-    CONSTRAINT uniqueness UNIQUE (server_name, key_id, from_server)
-);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/17/user_threepids.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/17/user_threepids.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index c17715ac80..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/17/user_threepids.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-CREATE TABLE user_threepids (
-    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    medium TEXT NOT NULL,
-    address TEXT NOT NULL,
-    validated_at BIGINT NOT NULL,
-    added_at BIGINT NOT NULL,
-    CONSTRAINT user_medium_address UNIQUE (user_id, medium, address)
-);
-CREATE INDEX user_threepids_user_id ON user_threepids(user_id);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/18/server_keys_bigger_ints.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/18/server_keys_bigger_ints.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index 6e0871c92b..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/18/server_keys_bigger_ints.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,32 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS new_server_keys_json (
-    server_name TEXT NOT NULL, -- Server name.
-    key_id TEXT NOT NULL, -- Requested key id.
-    from_server TEXT NOT NULL, -- Which server the keys were fetched from.
-    ts_added_ms BIGINT NOT NULL, -- When the keys were fetched
-    ts_valid_until_ms BIGINT NOT NULL, -- When this version of the keys exipires.
-    key_json bytea NOT NULL, -- JSON certificate for the remote server.
-    CONSTRAINT server_keys_json_uniqueness UNIQUE (server_name, key_id, from_server)
-);
-
-INSERT INTO new_server_keys_json
-    SELECT server_name, key_id, from_server,ts_added_ms, ts_valid_until_ms, key_json FROM server_keys_json ;
-
-DROP TABLE server_keys_json;
-
-ALTER TABLE new_server_keys_json RENAME TO server_keys_json;
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/19/event_index.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/19/event_index.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index 18b97b4332..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/19/event_index.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-
-CREATE INDEX events_order_topo_stream_room ON events(
-    topological_ordering, stream_ordering, room_id
-);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/20/dummy.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/20/dummy.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index e0ac49d1ec..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/20/dummy.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-SELECT 1;
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/20/pushers.py b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/20/pushers.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 3edfcfd783..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/20/pushers.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,88 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-
-
-"""
-Main purpose of this upgrade is to change the unique key on the
-pushers table again (it was missed when the v16 full schema was
-made) but this also changes the pushkey and data columns to text.
-When selecting a bytea column into a text column, postgres inserts
-the hex encoded data, and there's no portable way of getting the
-UTF-8 bytes, so we have to do it in Python.
-"""
-
-import logging
-
-logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-
-
-def run_create(cur, database_engine, *args, **kwargs):
-    logger.info("Porting pushers table...")
-    cur.execute(
-        """
-        CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS pushers2 (
-          id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY,
-          user_name TEXT NOT NULL,
-          access_token BIGINT DEFAULT NULL,
-          profile_tag VARCHAR(32) NOT NULL,
-          kind VARCHAR(8) NOT NULL,
-          app_id VARCHAR(64) NOT NULL,
-          app_display_name VARCHAR(64) NOT NULL,
-          device_display_name VARCHAR(128) NOT NULL,
-          pushkey TEXT NOT NULL,
-          ts BIGINT NOT NULL,
-          lang VARCHAR(8),
-          data TEXT,
-          last_token TEXT,
-          last_success BIGINT,
-          failing_since BIGINT,
-          UNIQUE (app_id, pushkey, user_name)
-        )
-    """
-    )
-    cur.execute(
-        """SELECT
-        id, user_name, access_token, profile_tag, kind,
-        app_id, app_display_name, device_display_name,
-        pushkey, ts, lang, data, last_token, last_success,
-        failing_since
-        FROM pushers
-    """
-    )
-    count = 0
-    for row in cur.fetchall():
-        row = list(row)
-        row[8] = bytes(row[8]).decode("utf-8")
-        row[11] = bytes(row[11]).decode("utf-8")
-        cur.execute(
-            database_engine.convert_param_style(
-                """
-            INSERT into pushers2 (
-            id, user_name, access_token, profile_tag, kind,
-            app_id, app_display_name, device_display_name,
-            pushkey, ts, lang, data, last_token, last_success,
-            failing_since
-            ) values (%s)"""
-                % (",".join(["?" for _ in range(len(row))]))
-            ),
-            row,
-        )
-        count += 1
-    cur.execute("DROP TABLE pushers")
-    cur.execute("ALTER TABLE pushers2 RENAME TO pushers")
-    logger.info("Moved %d pushers to new table", count)
-
-
-def run_upgrade(*args, **kwargs):
-    pass
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/21/end_to_end_keys.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/21/end_to_end_keys.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index 4c2fb20b77..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/21/end_to_end_keys.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS e2e_device_keys_json (
-    user_id TEXT NOT NULL, -- The user these keys are for.
-    device_id TEXT NOT NULL, -- Which of the user's devices these keys are for.
-    ts_added_ms BIGINT NOT NULL, -- When the keys were uploaded.
-    key_json TEXT NOT NULL, -- The keys for the device as a JSON blob.
-    CONSTRAINT e2e_device_keys_json_uniqueness UNIQUE (user_id, device_id)
-);
-
-
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS e2e_one_time_keys_json (
-    user_id TEXT NOT NULL, -- The user this one-time key is for.
-    device_id TEXT NOT NULL, -- The device this one-time key is for.
-    algorithm TEXT NOT NULL, -- Which algorithm this one-time key is for.
-    key_id TEXT NOT NULL, -- An id for suppressing duplicate uploads.
-    ts_added_ms BIGINT NOT NULL, -- When this key was uploaded.
-    key_json TEXT NOT NULL, -- The key as a JSON blob.
-    CONSTRAINT e2e_one_time_keys_json_uniqueness UNIQUE (user_id, device_id, algorithm, key_id)
-);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/21/receipts.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/21/receipts.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index d070845477..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/21/receipts.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS receipts_graph(
-    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    receipt_type TEXT NOT NULL,
-    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    event_ids TEXT NOT NULL,
-    data TEXT NOT NULL,
-    CONSTRAINT receipts_graph_uniqueness UNIQUE (room_id, receipt_type, user_id)
-);
-
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS receipts_linearized (
-    stream_id BIGINT NOT NULL,
-    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    receipt_type TEXT NOT NULL,
-    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    event_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    data TEXT NOT NULL,
-    CONSTRAINT receipts_linearized_uniqueness UNIQUE (room_id, receipt_type, user_id)
-);
-
-CREATE INDEX receipts_linearized_id ON receipts_linearized(
-  stream_id
-);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/22/receipts_index.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/22/receipts_index.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index bfc0b3bcaa..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/22/receipts_index.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-/** Using CREATE INDEX directly is deprecated in favour of using background
- * update see synapse/storage/schema/delta/33/access_tokens_device_index.sql
- * and synapse/storage/registration.py for an example using
- * "access_tokens_device_index" **/
-CREATE INDEX receipts_linearized_room_stream ON receipts_linearized(
-    room_id, stream_id
-);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/22/user_threepids_unique.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/22/user_threepids_unique.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index 87edfa454c..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/22/user_threepids_unique.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS user_threepids2 (
-    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    medium TEXT NOT NULL,
-    address TEXT NOT NULL,
-    validated_at BIGINT NOT NULL,
-    added_at BIGINT NOT NULL,
-    CONSTRAINT medium_address UNIQUE (medium, address)
-);
-
-INSERT INTO user_threepids2
-	SELECT * FROM user_threepids WHERE added_at IN (
-		SELECT max(added_at) FROM user_threepids GROUP BY medium, address
-	)
-;
-
-DROP TABLE user_threepids;
-ALTER TABLE user_threepids2 RENAME TO user_threepids;
-
-CREATE INDEX user_threepids_user_id ON user_threepids(user_id);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/23/drop_state_index.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/23/drop_state_index.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index ae09fa0065..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/23/drop_state_index.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-DROP INDEX IF EXISTS state_groups_state_tuple;
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/24/stats_reporting.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/24/stats_reporting.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index acea7483bd..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/24/stats_reporting.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
- /* We used to create a table called stats_reporting, but this is no longer
- * used and is removed in delta 54.
- */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/25/fts.py b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/25/fts.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 4b2ffd35fd..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/25/fts.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,82 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-
-import logging
-
-import simplejson
-
-from synapse.storage.engines import PostgresEngine, Sqlite3Engine
-from synapse.storage.prepare_database import get_statements
-
-logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-
-
-POSTGRES_TABLE = """
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS event_search (
-    event_id TEXT,
-    room_id TEXT,
-    sender TEXT,
-    key TEXT,
-    vector tsvector
-);
-
-CREATE INDEX event_search_fts_idx ON event_search USING gin(vector);
-CREATE INDEX event_search_ev_idx ON event_search(event_id);
-CREATE INDEX event_search_ev_ridx ON event_search(room_id);
-"""
-
-
-SQLITE_TABLE = (
-    "CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE event_search"
-    " USING fts4 ( event_id, room_id, sender, key, value )"
-)
-
-
-def run_create(cur, database_engine, *args, **kwargs):
-    if isinstance(database_engine, PostgresEngine):
-        for statement in get_statements(POSTGRES_TABLE.splitlines()):
-            cur.execute(statement)
-    elif isinstance(database_engine, Sqlite3Engine):
-        cur.execute(SQLITE_TABLE)
-    else:
-        raise Exception("Unrecognized database engine")
-
-    cur.execute("SELECT MIN(stream_ordering) FROM events")
-    rows = cur.fetchall()
-    min_stream_id = rows[0][0]
-
-    cur.execute("SELECT MAX(stream_ordering) FROM events")
-    rows = cur.fetchall()
-    max_stream_id = rows[0][0]
-
-    if min_stream_id is not None and max_stream_id is not None:
-        progress = {
-            "target_min_stream_id_inclusive": min_stream_id,
-            "max_stream_id_exclusive": max_stream_id + 1,
-            "rows_inserted": 0,
-        }
-        progress_json = simplejson.dumps(progress)
-
-        sql = (
-            "INSERT into background_updates (update_name, progress_json)"
-            " VALUES (?, ?)"
-        )
-
-        sql = database_engine.convert_param_style(sql)
-
-        cur.execute(sql, ("event_search", progress_json))
-
-
-def run_upgrade(*args, **kwargs):
-    pass
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/25/guest_access.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/25/guest_access.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index 1ea389b471..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/25/guest_access.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-/*
- * This is a manual index of guest_access content of state events,
- * so that we can join on them in SELECT statements.
- */
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS guest_access(
-    event_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    guest_access TEXT NOT NULL,
-    UNIQUE (event_id)
-);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/25/history_visibility.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/25/history_visibility.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index f468fc1897..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/25/history_visibility.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-/*
- * This is a manual index of history_visibility content of state events,
- * so that we can join on them in SELECT statements.
- */
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS history_visibility(
-    event_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    history_visibility TEXT NOT NULL,
-    UNIQUE (event_id)
-);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/25/tags.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/25/tags.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index 7a32ce68e4..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/25/tags.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS room_tags(
-    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    tag     TEXT NOT NULL,  -- The name of the tag.
-    content TEXT NOT NULL,  -- The JSON content of the tag.
-    CONSTRAINT room_tag_uniqueness UNIQUE (user_id, room_id, tag)
-);
-
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS room_tags_revisions (
-    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    stream_id BIGINT NOT NULL, -- The current version of the room tags.
-    CONSTRAINT room_tag_revisions_uniqueness UNIQUE (user_id, room_id)
-);
-
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS private_user_data_max_stream_id(
-    Lock CHAR(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT 'X' UNIQUE,  -- Makes sure this table only has one row.
-    stream_id  BIGINT NOT NULL,
-    CHECK (Lock='X')
-);
-
-INSERT INTO private_user_data_max_stream_id (stream_id) VALUES (0);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/26/account_data.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/26/account_data.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index e395de2b5e..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/26/account_data.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-
-ALTER TABLE private_user_data_max_stream_id RENAME TO account_data_max_stream_id;
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/27/account_data.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/27/account_data.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index bf0558b5b3..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/27/account_data.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS account_data(
-    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    account_data_type TEXT NOT NULL, -- The type of the account_data.
-    stream_id BIGINT NOT NULL, -- The version of the account_data.
-    content TEXT NOT NULL,  -- The JSON content of the account_data
-    CONSTRAINT account_data_uniqueness UNIQUE (user_id, account_data_type)
-);
-
-
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS room_account_data(
-    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    account_data_type TEXT NOT NULL, -- The type of the account_data.
-    stream_id BIGINT NOT NULL, -- The version of the account_data.
-    content TEXT NOT NULL,  -- The JSON content of the account_data
-    CONSTRAINT room_account_data_uniqueness UNIQUE (user_id, room_id, account_data_type)
-);
-
-
-CREATE INDEX account_data_stream_id on account_data(user_id, stream_id);
-CREATE INDEX room_account_data_stream_id on room_account_data(user_id, stream_id);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/27/forgotten_memberships.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/27/forgotten_memberships.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index e2094f37fe..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/27/forgotten_memberships.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-/*
- * Keeps track of what rooms users have left and don't want to be able to
- * access again.
- *
- * If all users on this server have left a room, we can delete the room
- * entirely.
- *
- * This column should always contain either 0 or 1.
- */
-
- ALTER TABLE room_memberships ADD COLUMN forgotten INTEGER DEFAULT 0;
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/27/ts.py b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/27/ts.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 414f9f5aa0..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/27/ts.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,61 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-
-import logging
-
-import simplejson
-
-from synapse.storage.prepare_database import get_statements
-
-logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-
-
-ALTER_TABLE = (
-    "ALTER TABLE events ADD COLUMN origin_server_ts BIGINT;"
-    "CREATE INDEX events_ts ON events(origin_server_ts, stream_ordering);"
-)
-
-
-def run_create(cur, database_engine, *args, **kwargs):
-    for statement in get_statements(ALTER_TABLE.splitlines()):
-        cur.execute(statement)
-
-    cur.execute("SELECT MIN(stream_ordering) FROM events")
-    rows = cur.fetchall()
-    min_stream_id = rows[0][0]
-
-    cur.execute("SELECT MAX(stream_ordering) FROM events")
-    rows = cur.fetchall()
-    max_stream_id = rows[0][0]
-
-    if min_stream_id is not None and max_stream_id is not None:
-        progress = {
-            "target_min_stream_id_inclusive": min_stream_id,
-            "max_stream_id_exclusive": max_stream_id + 1,
-            "rows_inserted": 0,
-        }
-        progress_json = simplejson.dumps(progress)
-
-        sql = (
-            "INSERT into background_updates (update_name, progress_json)"
-            " VALUES (?, ?)"
-        )
-
-        sql = database_engine.convert_param_style(sql)
-
-        cur.execute(sql, ("event_origin_server_ts", progress_json))
-
-
-def run_upgrade(*args, **kwargs):
-    pass
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/28/event_push_actions.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/28/event_push_actions.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index 4d519849df..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/28/event_push_actions.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,27 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2015 OpenMarket Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS event_push_actions(
-    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    event_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    profile_tag VARCHAR(32),
-    actions TEXT NOT NULL,
-    CONSTRAINT event_id_user_id_profile_tag_uniqueness UNIQUE (room_id, event_id, user_id, profile_tag)
-);
-
-
-CREATE INDEX event_push_actions_room_id_event_id_user_id_profile_tag on event_push_actions(room_id, event_id, user_id, profile_tag);
-CREATE INDEX event_push_actions_room_id_user_id on event_push_actions(room_id, user_id);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/28/events_room_stream.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/28/events_room_stream.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index 36609475f1..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/28/events_room_stream.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
-*/
-
-/** Using CREATE INDEX directly is deprecated in favour of using background
- * update see synapse/storage/schema/delta/33/access_tokens_device_index.sql
- * and synapse/storage/registration.py for an example using
- * "access_tokens_device_index" **/
-CREATE INDEX events_room_stream on events(room_id, stream_ordering);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/28/public_roms_index.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/28/public_roms_index.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index 6c1fd68c5b..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/28/public_roms_index.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
-*/
-
-/** Using CREATE INDEX directly is deprecated in favour of using background
- * update see synapse/storage/schema/delta/33/access_tokens_device_index.sql
- * and synapse/storage/registration.py for an example using
- * "access_tokens_device_index" **/
-CREATE INDEX public_room_index on rooms(is_public);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/28/receipts_user_id_index.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/28/receipts_user_id_index.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index cb84c69baa..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/28/receipts_user_id_index.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-/** Using CREATE INDEX directly is deprecated in favour of using background
- * update see synapse/storage/schema/delta/33/access_tokens_device_index.sql
- * and synapse/storage/registration.py for an example using
- * "access_tokens_device_index" **/
-CREATE INDEX receipts_linearized_user ON receipts_linearized(
-    user_id
-);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/28/upgrade_times.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/28/upgrade_times.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index 3e4a9ab455..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/28/upgrade_times.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-/*
- * Stores the timestamp when a user upgraded from a guest to a full user, if
- * that happened.
- */
-
-ALTER TABLE users ADD COLUMN upgrade_ts BIGINT;
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/28/users_is_guest.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/28/users_is_guest.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index 21d2b420bf..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/28/users_is_guest.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-ALTER TABLE users ADD is_guest SMALLINT DEFAULT 0 NOT NULL;
-/*
- * NB: any guest users created between 27 and 28 will be incorrectly
- * marked as not guests: we don't bother to fill these in correctly
- * because guest access is not really complete in 27 anyway so it's
- * very unlikley there will be any guest users created.
- */
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/29/push_actions.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/29/push_actions.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index 84b21cf813..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/29/push_actions.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-ALTER TABLE event_push_actions ADD COLUMN topological_ordering BIGINT;
-ALTER TABLE event_push_actions ADD COLUMN stream_ordering BIGINT;
-ALTER TABLE event_push_actions ADD COLUMN notif SMALLINT;
-ALTER TABLE event_push_actions ADD COLUMN highlight SMALLINT;
-
-UPDATE event_push_actions SET stream_ordering = (
-    SELECT stream_ordering FROM events WHERE event_id = event_push_actions.event_id
-), topological_ordering = (
-    SELECT topological_ordering FROM events WHERE event_id = event_push_actions.event_id
-);
-
-UPDATE event_push_actions SET notif = 1, highlight = 0;
-
-/** Using CREATE INDEX directly is deprecated in favour of using background
- * update see synapse/storage/schema/delta/33/access_tokens_device_index.sql
- * and synapse/storage/registration.py for an example using
- * "access_tokens_device_index" **/
-CREATE INDEX event_push_actions_rm_tokens on event_push_actions(
-    user_id, room_id, topological_ordering, stream_ordering
-);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/30/alias_creator.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/30/alias_creator.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index c9d0dde638..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/30/alias_creator.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-ALTER TABLE room_aliases ADD COLUMN creator TEXT;
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/30/as_users.py b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/30/as_users.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 9b95411fb6..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/30/as_users.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,69 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-import logging
-
-from six.moves import range
-
-from synapse.config.appservice import load_appservices
-
-logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-
-
-def run_create(cur, database_engine, *args, **kwargs):
-    # NULL indicates user was not registered by an appservice.
-    try:
-        cur.execute("ALTER TABLE users ADD COLUMN appservice_id TEXT")
-    except Exception:
-        # Maybe we already added the column? Hope so...
-        pass
-
-
-def run_upgrade(cur, database_engine, config, *args, **kwargs):
-    cur.execute("SELECT name FROM users")
-    rows = cur.fetchall()
-
-    config_files = []
-    try:
-        config_files = config.app_service_config_files
-    except AttributeError:
-        logger.warning("Could not get app_service_config_files from config")
-        pass
-
-    appservices = load_appservices(config.server_name, config_files)
-
-    owned = {}
-
-    for row in rows:
-        user_id = row[0]
-        for appservice in appservices:
-            if appservice.is_exclusive_user(user_id):
-                if user_id in owned.keys():
-                    logger.error(
-                        "user_id %s was owned by more than one application"
-                        " service (IDs %s and %s); assigning arbitrarily to %s"
-                        % (user_id, owned[user_id], appservice.id, owned[user_id])
-                    )
-                owned.setdefault(appservice.id, []).append(user_id)
-
-    for as_id, user_ids in owned.items():
-        n = 100
-        user_chunks = (user_ids[i : i + 100] for i in range(0, len(user_ids), n))
-        for chunk in user_chunks:
-            cur.execute(
-                database_engine.convert_param_style(
-                    "UPDATE users SET appservice_id = ? WHERE name IN (%s)"
-                    % (",".join("?" for _ in chunk),)
-                ),
-                [as_id] + chunk,
-            )
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/30/deleted_pushers.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/30/deleted_pushers.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index 712c454aa1..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/30/deleted_pushers.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS deleted_pushers(
-    stream_id BIGINT NOT NULL,
-    app_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    pushkey TEXT NOT NULL,
-    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    /* We only track the most recent delete for each app_id, pushkey and user_id. */
-    UNIQUE (app_id, pushkey, user_id)
-);
-
-CREATE INDEX deleted_pushers_stream_id ON deleted_pushers (stream_id);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/30/presence_stream.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/30/presence_stream.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index 606bbb037d..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/30/presence_stream.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-
- CREATE TABLE presence_stream(
-     stream_id BIGINT,
-     user_id TEXT,
-     state TEXT,
-     last_active_ts BIGINT,
-     last_federation_update_ts BIGINT,
-     last_user_sync_ts BIGINT,
-     status_msg TEXT,
-     currently_active BOOLEAN
- );
-
- CREATE INDEX presence_stream_id ON presence_stream(stream_id, user_id);
- CREATE INDEX presence_stream_user_id ON presence_stream(user_id);
- CREATE INDEX presence_stream_state ON presence_stream(state);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/30/public_rooms.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/30/public_rooms.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index f09db4faa6..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/30/public_rooms.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-
-/* This release removes the restriction that published rooms must have an alias,
- * so we go back and ensure the only 'public' rooms are ones with an alias.
- * We use (1 = 0) and (1 = 1) so that it works in both postgres and sqlite
- */
-UPDATE rooms SET is_public = (1 = 0) WHERE is_public = (1 = 1) AND room_id not in (
-    SELECT room_id FROM room_aliases
-);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/30/push_rule_stream.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/30/push_rule_stream.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index 735aa8d5f6..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/30/push_rule_stream.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE push_rules_stream(
-    stream_id BIGINT NOT NULL,
-    event_stream_ordering BIGINT NOT NULL,
-    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    rule_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    op TEXT NOT NULL, -- One of "ENABLE", "DISABLE", "ACTIONS", "ADD", "DELETE"
-    priority_class SMALLINT,
-    priority INTEGER,
-    conditions TEXT,
-    actions TEXT
-);
-
--- The extra data for each operation is:
--- * ENABLE, DISABLE, DELETE: []
--- * ACTIONS: ["actions"]
--- * ADD: ["priority_class", "priority", "actions", "conditions"]
-
--- Index for replication queries.
-CREATE INDEX push_rules_stream_id ON push_rules_stream(stream_id);
--- Index for /sync queries.
-CREATE INDEX push_rules_stream_user_stream_id on push_rules_stream(user_id, stream_id);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/30/state_stream.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/30/state_stream.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index e85699e82e..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/30/state_stream.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-
-/* We used to create a table called current_state_resets, but this is no
- * longer used and is removed in delta 54.
- */
-
-/* The outlier events that have aquired a state group typically through
- * backfill. This is tracked separately to the events table, as assigning a
- * state group change the position of the existing event in the stream
- * ordering.
- * However since a stream_ordering is assigned in persist_event for the
- * (event, state) pair, we can use that stream_ordering to identify when
- * the new state was assigned for the event.
- */
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS ex_outlier_stream(
-    event_stream_ordering BIGINT PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL,
-    event_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    state_group BIGINT NOT NULL
-);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/30/threepid_guest_access_tokens.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/30/threepid_guest_access_tokens.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index 0dd2f1360c..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/30/threepid_guest_access_tokens.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
--- Stores guest account access tokens generated for unbound 3pids.
-CREATE TABLE threepid_guest_access_tokens(
-    medium TEXT, -- The medium of the 3pid. Must be "email".
-    address TEXT, -- The 3pid address.
-    guest_access_token TEXT, -- The access token for a guest user for this 3pid.
-    first_inviter TEXT -- User ID of the first user to invite this 3pid to a room.
-);
-
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX threepid_guest_access_tokens_index ON threepid_guest_access_tokens(medium, address);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/31/invites.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/31/invites.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index 2c57846d5a..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/31/invites.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,42 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-
-CREATE TABLE local_invites(
-    stream_id BIGINT NOT NULL,
-    inviter TEXT NOT NULL,
-    invitee TEXT NOT NULL,
-    event_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    locally_rejected TEXT,
-    replaced_by TEXT
-);
-
--- Insert all invites for local users into new `invites` table
-INSERT INTO local_invites SELECT
-        stream_ordering as stream_id,
-        sender as inviter,
-        state_key as invitee,
-        event_id,
-        room_id,
-        NULL as locally_rejected,
-        NULL as replaced_by
-    FROM events
-    NATURAL JOIN current_state_events
-    NATURAL JOIN room_memberships
-    WHERE membership = 'invite'  AND state_key IN (SELECT name FROM users);
-
-CREATE INDEX local_invites_id ON local_invites(stream_id);
-CREATE INDEX local_invites_for_user_idx ON local_invites(invitee, locally_rejected, replaced_by, room_id);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/31/local_media_repository_url_cache.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/31/local_media_repository_url_cache.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index 9efb4280eb..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/31/local_media_repository_url_cache.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,27 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-CREATE TABLE local_media_repository_url_cache(
-    url TEXT,              -- the URL being cached
-    response_code INTEGER, -- the HTTP response code of this download attempt
-    etag TEXT,             -- the etag header of this response
-    expires INTEGER,       -- the number of ms this response was valid for
-    og TEXT,               -- cache of the OG metadata of this URL as JSON
-    media_id TEXT,         -- the media_id, if any, of the URL's content in the repo
-    download_ts BIGINT     -- the timestamp of this download attempt
-);
-
-CREATE INDEX local_media_repository_url_cache_by_url_download_ts
-    ON local_media_repository_url_cache(url, download_ts);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/31/pushers.py b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/31/pushers.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 9bb504aad5..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/31/pushers.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,87 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-
-
-# Change the last_token to last_stream_ordering now that pushers no longer
-# listen on an event stream but instead select out of the event_push_actions
-# table.
-
-
-import logging
-
-logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-
-
-def token_to_stream_ordering(token):
-    return int(token[1:].split("_")[0])
-
-
-def run_create(cur, database_engine, *args, **kwargs):
-    logger.info("Porting pushers table, delta 31...")
-    cur.execute(
-        """
-        CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS pushers2 (
-          id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY,
-          user_name TEXT NOT NULL,
-          access_token BIGINT DEFAULT NULL,
-          profile_tag VARCHAR(32) NOT NULL,
-          kind VARCHAR(8) NOT NULL,
-          app_id VARCHAR(64) NOT NULL,
-          app_display_name VARCHAR(64) NOT NULL,
-          device_display_name VARCHAR(128) NOT NULL,
-          pushkey TEXT NOT NULL,
-          ts BIGINT NOT NULL,
-          lang VARCHAR(8),
-          data TEXT,
-          last_stream_ordering INTEGER,
-          last_success BIGINT,
-          failing_since BIGINT,
-          UNIQUE (app_id, pushkey, user_name)
-        )
-    """
-    )
-    cur.execute(
-        """SELECT
-        id, user_name, access_token, profile_tag, kind,
-        app_id, app_display_name, device_display_name,
-        pushkey, ts, lang, data, last_token, last_success,
-        failing_since
-        FROM pushers
-    """
-    )
-    count = 0
-    for row in cur.fetchall():
-        row = list(row)
-        row[12] = token_to_stream_ordering(row[12])
-        cur.execute(
-            database_engine.convert_param_style(
-                """
-            INSERT into pushers2 (
-            id, user_name, access_token, profile_tag, kind,
-            app_id, app_display_name, device_display_name,
-            pushkey, ts, lang, data, last_stream_ordering, last_success,
-            failing_since
-            ) values (%s)"""
-                % (",".join(["?" for _ in range(len(row))]))
-            ),
-            row,
-        )
-        count += 1
-    cur.execute("DROP TABLE pushers")
-    cur.execute("ALTER TABLE pushers2 RENAME TO pushers")
-    logger.info("Moved %d pushers to new table", count)
-
-
-def run_upgrade(cur, database_engine, *args, **kwargs):
-    pass
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/31/pushers_index.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/31/pushers_index.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index a82add88fd..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/31/pushers_index.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-/** Using CREATE INDEX directly is deprecated in favour of using background
- * update see synapse/storage/schema/delta/33/access_tokens_device_index.sql
- * and synapse/storage/registration.py for an example using
- * "access_tokens_device_index" **/
- CREATE INDEX event_push_actions_stream_ordering on event_push_actions(
-     stream_ordering, user_id
- );
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/31/search_update.py b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/31/search_update.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 7d8ca5f93f..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/31/search_update.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,66 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-
-import logging
-
-import simplejson
-
-from synapse.storage.engines import PostgresEngine
-from synapse.storage.prepare_database import get_statements
-
-logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-
-
-ALTER_TABLE = """
-ALTER TABLE event_search ADD COLUMN origin_server_ts BIGINT;
-ALTER TABLE event_search ADD COLUMN stream_ordering BIGINT;
-"""
-
-
-def run_create(cur, database_engine, *args, **kwargs):
-    if not isinstance(database_engine, PostgresEngine):
-        return
-
-    for statement in get_statements(ALTER_TABLE.splitlines()):
-        cur.execute(statement)
-
-    cur.execute("SELECT MIN(stream_ordering) FROM events")
-    rows = cur.fetchall()
-    min_stream_id = rows[0][0]
-
-    cur.execute("SELECT MAX(stream_ordering) FROM events")
-    rows = cur.fetchall()
-    max_stream_id = rows[0][0]
-
-    if min_stream_id is not None and max_stream_id is not None:
-        progress = {
-            "target_min_stream_id_inclusive": min_stream_id,
-            "max_stream_id_exclusive": max_stream_id + 1,
-            "rows_inserted": 0,
-            "have_added_indexes": False,
-        }
-        progress_json = simplejson.dumps(progress)
-
-        sql = (
-            "INSERT into background_updates (update_name, progress_json)"
-            " VALUES (?, ?)"
-        )
-
-        sql = database_engine.convert_param_style(sql)
-
-        cur.execute(sql, ("event_search_order", progress_json))
-
-
-def run_upgrade(cur, database_engine, *args, **kwargs):
-    pass
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/32/events.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/32/events.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index 1dd0f9e170..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/32/events.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-ALTER TABLE events ADD COLUMN received_ts BIGINT;
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/32/openid.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/32/openid.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index 36f37b11c8..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/32/openid.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-
-CREATE TABLE open_id_tokens (
-    token TEXT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
-    ts_valid_until_ms bigint NOT NULL,
-    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    UNIQUE (token)
-);
-
-CREATE index open_id_tokens_ts_valid_until_ms ON open_id_tokens(ts_valid_until_ms);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/32/pusher_throttle.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/32/pusher_throttle.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index d86d30c13c..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/32/pusher_throttle.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-
-CREATE TABLE pusher_throttle(
-    pusher BIGINT NOT NULL,
-    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    last_sent_ts BIGINT,
-    throttle_ms BIGINT,
-    PRIMARY KEY (pusher, room_id)
-);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/32/remove_indices.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/32/remove_indices.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index 4219cdd06a..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/32/remove_indices.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-
--- The following indices are redundant, other indices are equivalent or
--- supersets
-DROP INDEX IF EXISTS events_room_id; -- Prefix of events_room_stream
-DROP INDEX IF EXISTS events_order; -- Prefix of events_order_topo_stream_room
-DROP INDEX IF EXISTS events_topological_ordering; -- Prefix of events_order_topo_stream_room
-DROP INDEX IF EXISTS events_stream_ordering; -- Duplicate of PRIMARY KEY
-DROP INDEX IF EXISTS state_groups_id; -- Duplicate of PRIMARY KEY
-DROP INDEX IF EXISTS event_to_state_groups_id; -- Duplicate of PRIMARY KEY
-DROP INDEX IF EXISTS event_push_actions_room_id_event_id_user_id_profile_tag; -- Duplicate of UNIQUE CONSTRAINT
-
-DROP INDEX IF EXISTS st_extrem_id; -- Prefix of UNIQUE CONSTRAINT
-DROP INDEX IF EXISTS event_signatures_id; -- Prefix of UNIQUE CONSTRAINT
-DROP INDEX IF EXISTS redactions_event_id; -- Duplicate of UNIQUE CONSTRAINT
-
--- The following indices were unused
-DROP INDEX IF EXISTS remote_media_cache_thumbnails_media_id;
-DROP INDEX IF EXISTS evauth_edges_auth_id;
-DROP INDEX IF EXISTS presence_stream_state;
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/32/reports.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/32/reports.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index d13609776f..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/32/reports.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-
-CREATE TABLE event_reports(
-    id BIGINT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
-    received_ts BIGINT NOT NULL,
-    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    event_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    reason TEXT,
-    content TEXT
-);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/33/access_tokens_device_index.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/33/access_tokens_device_index.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index 61ad3fe3e8..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/33/access_tokens_device_index.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-INSERT INTO background_updates (update_name, progress_json) VALUES
-  ('access_tokens_device_index', '{}');
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/33/devices.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/33/devices.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index eca7268d82..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/33/devices.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-CREATE TABLE devices (
-    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    device_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    display_name TEXT,
-    CONSTRAINT device_uniqueness UNIQUE (user_id, device_id)
-);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/33/devices_for_e2e_keys.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/33/devices_for_e2e_keys.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index aa4a3b9f2f..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/33/devices_for_e2e_keys.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
--- make sure that we have a device record for each set of E2E keys, so that the
--- user can delete them if they like.
-INSERT INTO devices
-    SELECT user_id, device_id, NULL FROM e2e_device_keys_json;
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/33/devices_for_e2e_keys_clear_unknown_device.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/33/devices_for_e2e_keys_clear_unknown_device.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index 6671573398..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/33/devices_for_e2e_keys_clear_unknown_device.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
--- a previous version of the "devices_for_e2e_keys" delta set all the device
--- names to "unknown device". This wasn't terribly helpful
-UPDATE devices
-    SET display_name = NULL
-    WHERE display_name = 'unknown device';
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/33/event_fields.py b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/33/event_fields.py
deleted file mode 100644
index bff1256a7b..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/33/event_fields.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,61 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-
-import logging
-
-import simplejson
-
-from synapse.storage.prepare_database import get_statements
-
-logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-
-
-ALTER_TABLE = """
-ALTER TABLE events ADD COLUMN sender TEXT;
-ALTER TABLE events ADD COLUMN contains_url BOOLEAN;
-"""
-
-
-def run_create(cur, database_engine, *args, **kwargs):
-    for statement in get_statements(ALTER_TABLE.splitlines()):
-        cur.execute(statement)
-
-    cur.execute("SELECT MIN(stream_ordering) FROM events")
-    rows = cur.fetchall()
-    min_stream_id = rows[0][0]
-
-    cur.execute("SELECT MAX(stream_ordering) FROM events")
-    rows = cur.fetchall()
-    max_stream_id = rows[0][0]
-
-    if min_stream_id is not None and max_stream_id is not None:
-        progress = {
-            "target_min_stream_id_inclusive": min_stream_id,
-            "max_stream_id_exclusive": max_stream_id + 1,
-            "rows_inserted": 0,
-        }
-        progress_json = simplejson.dumps(progress)
-
-        sql = (
-            "INSERT into background_updates (update_name, progress_json)"
-            " VALUES (?, ?)"
-        )
-
-        sql = database_engine.convert_param_style(sql)
-
-        cur.execute(sql, ("event_fields_sender_url", progress_json))
-
-
-def run_upgrade(cur, database_engine, *args, **kwargs):
-    pass
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/33/remote_media_ts.py b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/33/remote_media_ts.py
deleted file mode 100644
index a26057dfb6..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/33/remote_media_ts.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-
-import time
-
-ALTER_TABLE = "ALTER TABLE remote_media_cache ADD COLUMN last_access_ts BIGINT"
-
-
-def run_create(cur, database_engine, *args, **kwargs):
-    cur.execute(ALTER_TABLE)
-
-
-def run_upgrade(cur, database_engine, *args, **kwargs):
-    cur.execute(
-        database_engine.convert_param_style(
-            "UPDATE remote_media_cache SET last_access_ts = ?"
-        ),
-        (int(time.time() * 1000),),
-    )
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/33/user_ips_index.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/33/user_ips_index.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index 473f75a78e..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/33/user_ips_index.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-INSERT INTO background_updates (update_name, progress_json) VALUES
-  ('user_ips_device_index', '{}');
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/34/appservice_stream.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/34/appservice_stream.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index 69e16eda0f..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/34/appservice_stream.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS appservice_stream_position(
-    Lock CHAR(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT 'X' UNIQUE,  -- Makes sure this table only has one row.
-    stream_ordering BIGINT,
-    CHECK (Lock='X')
-);
-
-INSERT INTO appservice_stream_position (stream_ordering)
-    SELECT COALESCE(MAX(stream_ordering), 0) FROM events;
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/34/cache_stream.py b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/34/cache_stream.py
deleted file mode 100644
index cf09e43e2b..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/34/cache_stream.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,46 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-
-import logging
-
-from synapse.storage.engines import PostgresEngine
-from synapse.storage.prepare_database import get_statements
-
-logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-
-
-# This stream is used to notify replication slaves that some caches have
-# been invalidated that they cannot infer from the other streams.
-CREATE_TABLE = """
-CREATE TABLE cache_invalidation_stream (
-    stream_id       BIGINT,
-    cache_func      TEXT,
-    keys            TEXT[],
-    invalidation_ts BIGINT
-);
-
-CREATE INDEX cache_invalidation_stream_id ON cache_invalidation_stream(stream_id);
-"""
-
-
-def run_create(cur, database_engine, *args, **kwargs):
-    if not isinstance(database_engine, PostgresEngine):
-        return
-
-    for statement in get_statements(CREATE_TABLE.splitlines()):
-        cur.execute(statement)
-
-
-def run_upgrade(cur, database_engine, *args, **kwargs):
-    pass
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/34/device_inbox.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/34/device_inbox.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index e68844c74a..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/34/device_inbox.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-CREATE TABLE device_inbox (
-    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    device_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    stream_id BIGINT NOT NULL,
-    message_json TEXT NOT NULL -- {"type":, "sender":, "content",}
-);
-
-CREATE INDEX device_inbox_user_stream_id ON device_inbox(user_id, device_id, stream_id);
-CREATE INDEX device_inbox_stream_id ON device_inbox(stream_id);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/34/push_display_name_rename.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/34/push_display_name_rename.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index 0d9fe1a99a..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/34/push_display_name_rename.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-DELETE FROM push_rules WHERE rule_id = 'global/override/.m.rule.contains_display_name';
-UPDATE push_rules SET rule_id = 'global/override/.m.rule.contains_display_name' WHERE rule_id = 'global/underride/.m.rule.contains_display_name';
-
-DELETE FROM push_rules_enable WHERE rule_id = 'global/override/.m.rule.contains_display_name';
-UPDATE push_rules_enable SET rule_id = 'global/override/.m.rule.contains_display_name' WHERE rule_id = 'global/underride/.m.rule.contains_display_name';
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/34/received_txn_purge.py b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/34/received_txn_purge.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 67d505e68b..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/34/received_txn_purge.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,32 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-
-import logging
-
-from synapse.storage.engines import PostgresEngine
-
-logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-
-
-def run_create(cur, database_engine, *args, **kwargs):
-    if isinstance(database_engine, PostgresEngine):
-        cur.execute("TRUNCATE received_transactions")
-    else:
-        cur.execute("DELETE FROM received_transactions")
-
-    cur.execute("CREATE INDEX received_transactions_ts ON received_transactions(ts)")
-
-
-def run_upgrade(cur, database_engine, *args, **kwargs):
-    pass
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/35/00background_updates_add_col.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/35/00background_updates_add_col.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c2d2a4f836
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/35/00background_updates_add_col.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+/* Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+
+ALTER TABLE background_updates ADD COLUMN depends_on TEXT;
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/35/add_state_index.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/35/add_state_index.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index 0fce26345b..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/35/add_state_index.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-
-ALTER TABLE background_updates ADD COLUMN depends_on TEXT;
-
-INSERT into background_updates (update_name, progress_json, depends_on)
-    VALUES ('state_group_state_type_index', '{}', 'state_group_state_deduplication');
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/35/contains_url.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/35/contains_url.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index 6cd123027b..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/35/contains_url.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
- INSERT into background_updates (update_name, progress_json)
-     VALUES ('event_contains_url_index', '{}');
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/35/device_outbox.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/35/device_outbox.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index 17e6c43105..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/35/device_outbox.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-DROP TABLE IF EXISTS device_federation_outbox;
-CREATE TABLE device_federation_outbox (
-    destination TEXT NOT NULL,
-    stream_id BIGINT NOT NULL,
-    queued_ts BIGINT NOT NULL,
-    messages_json TEXT NOT NULL
-);
-
-
-DROP INDEX IF EXISTS device_federation_outbox_destination_id;
-CREATE INDEX device_federation_outbox_destination_id
-    ON device_federation_outbox(destination, stream_id);
-
-
-DROP TABLE IF EXISTS device_federation_inbox;
-CREATE TABLE device_federation_inbox (
-    origin TEXT NOT NULL,
-    message_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    received_ts BIGINT NOT NULL
-);
-
-DROP INDEX IF EXISTS device_federation_inbox_sender_id;
-CREATE INDEX device_federation_inbox_sender_id
-    ON device_federation_inbox(origin, message_id);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/35/device_stream_id.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/35/device_stream_id.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index 7ab7d942e2..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/35/device_stream_id.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-CREATE TABLE device_max_stream_id (
-    stream_id BIGINT NOT NULL
-);
-
-INSERT INTO device_max_stream_id (stream_id)
-    SELECT COALESCE(MAX(stream_id), 0) FROM device_inbox;
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/35/event_push_actions_index.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/35/event_push_actions_index.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index 2e836d8e9c..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/35/event_push_actions_index.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
- INSERT into background_updates (update_name, progress_json)
-     VALUES ('epa_highlight_index', '{}');
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/35/public_room_list_change_stream.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/35/public_room_list_change_stream.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index dd2bf2e28a..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/35/public_room_list_change_stream.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-
-CREATE TABLE public_room_list_stream (
-    stream_id BIGINT NOT NULL,
-    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    visibility BOOLEAN NOT NULL
-);
-
-INSERT INTO public_room_list_stream (stream_id, room_id, visibility)
-    SELECT 1, room_id, is_public FROM rooms
-    WHERE is_public = CAST(1 AS BOOLEAN);
-
-CREATE INDEX public_room_list_stream_idx on public_room_list_stream(
-    stream_id
-);
-
-CREATE INDEX public_room_list_stream_rm_idx on public_room_list_stream(
-    room_id, stream_id
-);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/35/state.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/35/state.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index 0f1fa68a89..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/35/state.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-CREATE TABLE state_group_edges(
-    state_group BIGINT NOT NULL,
-    prev_state_group BIGINT NOT NULL
-);
-
-CREATE INDEX state_group_edges_idx ON state_group_edges(state_group);
-CREATE INDEX state_group_edges_prev_idx ON state_group_edges(prev_state_group);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/35/state_dedupe.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/35/state_dedupe.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index 97e5067ef4..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/35/state_dedupe.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-INSERT into background_updates (update_name, progress_json)
-    VALUES ('state_group_state_deduplication', '{}');
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/35/stream_order_to_extrem.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/35/stream_order_to_extrem.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index 2b945d8a57..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/35/stream_order_to_extrem.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-
-CREATE TABLE stream_ordering_to_exterm (
-    stream_ordering BIGINT NOT NULL,
-    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    event_id TEXT NOT NULL
-);
-
-INSERT INTO stream_ordering_to_exterm (stream_ordering, room_id, event_id)
-    SELECT stream_ordering, room_id, event_id FROM event_forward_extremities
-    INNER JOIN (
-        SELECT room_id, max(stream_ordering) as stream_ordering FROM events
-        INNER JOIN event_forward_extremities USING (room_id, event_id)
-        GROUP BY room_id
-    ) AS rms USING (room_id);
-
-CREATE INDEX stream_ordering_to_exterm_idx on stream_ordering_to_exterm(
-    stream_ordering
-);
-
-CREATE INDEX stream_ordering_to_exterm_rm_idx on stream_ordering_to_exterm(
-    room_id, stream_ordering
-);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/36/readd_public_rooms.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/36/readd_public_rooms.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index 90d8fd18f9..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/36/readd_public_rooms.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
--- Re-add some entries to stream_ordering_to_exterm that were incorrectly deleted
-INSERT INTO stream_ordering_to_exterm (stream_ordering, room_id, event_id)
-    SELECT
-        (SELECT stream_ordering FROM events where event_id = e.event_id) AS stream_ordering,
-        room_id,
-        event_id
-    FROM event_forward_extremities AS e
-    WHERE NOT EXISTS (
-        SELECT room_id FROM stream_ordering_to_exterm AS s
-        WHERE s.room_id = e.room_id
-    );
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/37/remove_auth_idx.py b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/37/remove_auth_idx.py
deleted file mode 100644
index a377884169..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/37/remove_auth_idx.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,85 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-
-import logging
-
-from synapse.storage.engines import PostgresEngine
-from synapse.storage.prepare_database import get_statements
-
-logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-
-DROP_INDICES = """
--- We only ever query based on event_id
-DROP INDEX IF EXISTS state_events_room_id;
-DROP INDEX IF EXISTS state_events_type;
-DROP INDEX IF EXISTS state_events_state_key;
-
--- room_id is indexed elsewhere
-DROP INDEX IF EXISTS current_state_events_room_id;
-DROP INDEX IF EXISTS current_state_events_state_key;
-DROP INDEX IF EXISTS current_state_events_type;
-
-DROP INDEX IF EXISTS transactions_have_ref;
-
--- (topological_ordering, stream_ordering, room_id) seems like a strange index,
--- and is used incredibly rarely.
-DROP INDEX IF EXISTS events_order_topo_stream_room;
-
--- an equivalent index to this actually gets re-created in delta 41, because it
--- turned out that deleting it wasn't a great plan :/. In any case, let's
--- delete it here, and delta 41 will create a new one with an added UNIQUE
--- constraint
-DROP INDEX IF EXISTS event_search_ev_idx;
-"""
-
-POSTGRES_DROP_CONSTRAINT = """
-ALTER TABLE event_auth DROP CONSTRAINT IF EXISTS event_auth_event_id_auth_id_room_id_key;
-"""
-
-SQLITE_DROP_CONSTRAINT = """
-DROP INDEX IF EXISTS evauth_edges_id;
-
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS event_auth_new(
-    event_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    auth_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    room_id TEXT NOT NULL
-);
-
-INSERT INTO event_auth_new
-    SELECT event_id, auth_id, room_id
-    FROM event_auth;
-
-DROP TABLE event_auth;
-
-ALTER TABLE event_auth_new RENAME TO event_auth;
-
-CREATE INDEX evauth_edges_id ON event_auth(event_id);
-"""
-
-
-def run_create(cur, database_engine, *args, **kwargs):
-    for statement in get_statements(DROP_INDICES.splitlines()):
-        cur.execute(statement)
-
-    if isinstance(database_engine, PostgresEngine):
-        drop_constraint = POSTGRES_DROP_CONSTRAINT
-    else:
-        drop_constraint = SQLITE_DROP_CONSTRAINT
-
-    for statement in get_statements(drop_constraint.splitlines()):
-        cur.execute(statement)
-
-
-def run_upgrade(cur, database_engine, *args, **kwargs):
-    pass
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/37/user_threepids.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/37/user_threepids.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index cf7a90dd10..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/37/user_threepids.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,52 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-/*
- * Update any email addresses that were stored with mixed case into all
- * lowercase
- */
-
- -- There may be "duplicate" emails (with different case) already in the table,
- -- so we find them and move all but the most recently used account.
- UPDATE user_threepids
- SET medium = 'email_old'
- WHERE medium = 'email'
-    AND address IN (
-         -- We select all the addresses that are linked to the user_id that is NOT
-         -- the most recently created.
-         SELECT u.address
-         FROM
-             user_threepids AS u,
-             -- `duplicate_addresses` is a table of all the email addresses that
-             -- appear multiple times and when the binding was created
-             (
-                 SELECT lower(u1.address) AS address, max(u1.added_at) AS max_ts
-                 FROM user_threepids AS u1
-                 INNER JOIN user_threepids AS u2 ON u1.medium = u2.medium AND lower(u1.address) = lower(u2.address) AND u1.address != u2.address
-                 WHERE u1.medium = 'email' AND u2.medium = 'email'
-                 GROUP BY lower(u1.address)
-             ) AS duplicate_addresses
-         WHERE
-             lower(u.address) = duplicate_addresses.address
-             AND u.added_at != max_ts  -- NOT the most recently created
-     );
-
-
--- This update is now safe since we've removed the duplicate addresses.
-UPDATE user_threepids SET address = LOWER(address) WHERE medium = 'email';
-
-
-/* Add an index for the select we do on passwored reset */
-CREATE INDEX user_threepids_medium_address on user_threepids (medium, address);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/38/postgres_fts_gist.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/38/postgres_fts_gist.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index 515e6b8e84..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/38/postgres_fts_gist.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
--- We no longer do this given we back it out again in schema 47
-
--- INSERT into background_updates (update_name, progress_json)
---     VALUES ('event_search_postgres_gist', '{}');
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/39/appservice_room_list.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/39/appservice_room_list.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index 74bdc49073..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/39/appservice_room_list.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-CREATE TABLE appservice_room_list(
-    appservice_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    network_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    room_id TEXT NOT NULL
-);
-
--- Each appservice can have multiple published room lists associated with them,
--- keyed of a particular network_id
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX appservice_room_list_idx ON appservice_room_list(
-    appservice_id, network_id, room_id
-);
-
-ALTER TABLE public_room_list_stream ADD COLUMN appservice_id TEXT;
-ALTER TABLE public_room_list_stream ADD COLUMN network_id TEXT;
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/39/device_federation_stream_idx.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/39/device_federation_stream_idx.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index 00be801e90..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/39/device_federation_stream_idx.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-CREATE INDEX device_federation_outbox_id ON device_federation_outbox(stream_id);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/39/event_push_index.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/39/event_push_index.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index de2ad93e5c..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/39/event_push_index.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-INSERT INTO background_updates (update_name, progress_json) VALUES
-  ('event_push_actions_highlights_index', '{}');
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/39/federation_out_position.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/39/federation_out_position.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index 5af814290b..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/39/federation_out_position.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
- CREATE TABLE federation_stream_position(
-     type TEXT NOT NULL,
-     stream_id INTEGER NOT NULL
- );
-
- INSERT INTO federation_stream_position (type, stream_id) VALUES ('federation', -1);
- INSERT INTO federation_stream_position (type, stream_id) SELECT 'events', coalesce(max(stream_ordering), -1) FROM events;
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/39/membership_profile.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/39/membership_profile.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index 1bf911c8ab..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/39/membership_profile.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-ALTER TABLE room_memberships ADD COLUMN display_name TEXT;
-ALTER TABLE room_memberships ADD COLUMN avatar_url TEXT;
-
-INSERT into background_updates (update_name, progress_json)
-    VALUES ('room_membership_profile_update', '{}');
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/40/current_state_idx.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/40/current_state_idx.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index 7ffa189f39..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/40/current_state_idx.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2017 OpenMarket Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-INSERT INTO background_updates (update_name, progress_json) VALUES
-  ('current_state_members_idx', '{}');
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/40/device_inbox.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/40/device_inbox.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index b9fe1f0480..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/40/device_inbox.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
--- turn the pre-fill startup query into a index-only scan on postgresql.
-INSERT into background_updates (update_name, progress_json)
-    VALUES ('device_inbox_stream_index', '{}');
-
-INSERT into background_updates (update_name, progress_json, depends_on)
-    VALUES ('device_inbox_stream_drop', '{}', 'device_inbox_stream_index');
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/40/device_list_streams.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/40/device_list_streams.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index dd6dcb65f1..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/40/device_list_streams.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,60 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2017 OpenMarket Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
--- Cache of remote devices.
-CREATE TABLE device_lists_remote_cache (
-    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    device_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    content TEXT NOT NULL
-);
-
--- The last update we got for a user. Empty if we're not receiving updates for
--- that user.
-CREATE TABLE device_lists_remote_extremeties (
-    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    stream_id TEXT NOT NULL
-);
-
--- we used to create non-unique indexes on these tables, but as of update 52 we create
--- unique indexes concurrently:
---
--- CREATE INDEX device_lists_remote_cache_id ON device_lists_remote_cache(user_id, device_id);
--- CREATE INDEX device_lists_remote_extremeties_id ON device_lists_remote_extremeties(user_id, stream_id);
-
-
--- Stream of device lists updates. Includes both local and remotes
-CREATE TABLE device_lists_stream (
-    stream_id BIGINT NOT NULL,
-    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    device_id TEXT NOT NULL
-);
-
-CREATE INDEX device_lists_stream_id ON device_lists_stream(stream_id, user_id);
-
-
--- The stream of updates to send to other servers. We keep at least one row
--- per user that was sent so that the prev_id for any new updates can be
--- calculated
-CREATE TABLE device_lists_outbound_pokes (
-    destination TEXT NOT NULL,
-    stream_id BIGINT NOT NULL,
-    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    device_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    sent BOOLEAN NOT NULL,
-    ts BIGINT NOT NULL  -- So that in future we can clear out pokes to dead servers
-);
-
-CREATE INDEX device_lists_outbound_pokes_id ON device_lists_outbound_pokes(destination, stream_id);
-CREATE INDEX device_lists_outbound_pokes_user ON device_lists_outbound_pokes(destination, user_id);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/40/event_push_summary.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/40/event_push_summary.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index 3918f0b794..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/40/event_push_summary.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2017 OpenMarket Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
--- Aggregate of old notification counts that have been deleted out of the
--- main event_push_actions table. This count does not include those that were
--- highlights, as they remain in the event_push_actions table.
-CREATE TABLE event_push_summary (
-    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    notif_count BIGINT NOT NULL,
-    stream_ordering BIGINT NOT NULL
-);
-
-CREATE INDEX event_push_summary_user_rm ON event_push_summary(user_id, room_id);
-
-
--- The stream ordering up to which we have aggregated the event_push_actions
--- table into event_push_summary
-CREATE TABLE event_push_summary_stream_ordering (
-    Lock CHAR(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT 'X' UNIQUE,  -- Makes sure this table only has one row.
-    stream_ordering BIGINT NOT NULL,
-    CHECK (Lock='X')
-);
-
-INSERT INTO event_push_summary_stream_ordering (stream_ordering) VALUES (0);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/40/pushers.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/40/pushers.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index 054a223f14..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/40/pushers.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS pushers2 (
-    id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY,
-    user_name TEXT NOT NULL,
-    access_token BIGINT DEFAULT NULL,
-    profile_tag TEXT NOT NULL,
-    kind TEXT NOT NULL,
-    app_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    app_display_name TEXT NOT NULL,
-    device_display_name TEXT NOT NULL,
-    pushkey TEXT NOT NULL,
-    ts BIGINT NOT NULL,
-    lang TEXT,
-    data TEXT,
-    last_stream_ordering INTEGER,
-    last_success BIGINT,
-    failing_since BIGINT,
-    UNIQUE (app_id, pushkey, user_name)
-);
-
-INSERT INTO pushers2 SELECT * FROM PUSHERS;
-
-DROP TABLE PUSHERS;
-
-ALTER TABLE pushers2 RENAME TO pushers;
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/41/device_list_stream_idx.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/41/device_list_stream_idx.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index b7bee8b692..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/41/device_list_stream_idx.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-INSERT into background_updates (update_name, progress_json)
-    VALUES ('device_lists_stream_idx', '{}');
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/41/device_outbound_index.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/41/device_outbound_index.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index 62f0b9892b..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/41/device_outbound_index.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-CREATE INDEX device_lists_outbound_pokes_stream ON device_lists_outbound_pokes(stream_id);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/41/event_search_event_id_idx.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/41/event_search_event_id_idx.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index 5d9cfecf36..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/41/event_search_event_id_idx.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-INSERT into background_updates (update_name, progress_json)
-    VALUES ('event_search_event_id_idx', '{}');
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/41/ratelimit.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/41/ratelimit.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index a194bf0238..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/41/ratelimit.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-CREATE TABLE ratelimit_override (
-    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    messages_per_second BIGINT,
-    burst_count BIGINT
-);
-
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX ratelimit_override_idx ON ratelimit_override(user_id);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/42/current_state_delta.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/42/current_state_delta.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index d28851aff8..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/42/current_state_delta.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-
-CREATE TABLE current_state_delta_stream (
-    stream_id BIGINT NOT NULL,
-    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    type TEXT NOT NULL,
-    state_key TEXT NOT NULL,
-    event_id TEXT,  -- Is null if the key was removed
-    prev_event_id TEXT  -- Is null if the key was added
-);
-
-CREATE INDEX current_state_delta_stream_idx ON current_state_delta_stream(stream_id);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/42/device_list_last_id.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/42/device_list_last_id.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index 9ab8c14fa3..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/42/device_list_last_id.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-
--- Table of last stream_id that we sent to destination for user_id. This is
--- used to fill out the `prev_id` fields of outbound device list updates.
-CREATE TABLE device_lists_outbound_last_success (
-    destination TEXT NOT NULL,
-    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    stream_id BIGINT NOT NULL
-);
-
-INSERT INTO device_lists_outbound_last_success
-    SELECT destination, user_id, coalesce(max(stream_id), 0) as stream_id
-        FROM device_lists_outbound_pokes
-        WHERE sent = (1 = 1)  -- sqlite doesn't have inbuilt boolean values
-        GROUP BY destination, user_id;
-
-CREATE INDEX device_lists_outbound_last_success_idx ON device_lists_outbound_last_success(
-    destination, user_id, stream_id
-);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/42/event_auth_state_only.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/42/event_auth_state_only.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index b8821ac759..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/42/event_auth_state_only.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-INSERT INTO background_updates (update_name, progress_json) VALUES
-  ('event_auth_state_only', '{}');
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/42/user_dir.py b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/42/user_dir.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 506f326f4d..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/42/user_dir.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,84 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-
-import logging
-
-from synapse.storage.engines import PostgresEngine, Sqlite3Engine
-from synapse.storage.prepare_database import get_statements
-
-logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-
-
-BOTH_TABLES = """
-CREATE TABLE user_directory_stream_pos (
-    Lock CHAR(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT 'X' UNIQUE,  -- Makes sure this table only has one row.
-    stream_id BIGINT,
-    CHECK (Lock='X')
-);
-
-INSERT INTO user_directory_stream_pos (stream_id) VALUES (null);
-
-CREATE TABLE user_directory (
-    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,  -- A room_id that we know the user is joined to
-    display_name TEXT,
-    avatar_url TEXT
-);
-
-CREATE INDEX user_directory_room_idx ON user_directory(room_id);
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX user_directory_user_idx ON user_directory(user_id);
-
-CREATE TABLE users_in_pubic_room (
-    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    room_id TEXT NOT NULL  -- A room_id that we know is public
-);
-
-CREATE INDEX users_in_pubic_room_room_idx ON users_in_pubic_room(room_id);
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX users_in_pubic_room_user_idx ON users_in_pubic_room(user_id);
-"""
-
-
-POSTGRES_TABLE = """
-CREATE TABLE user_directory_search (
-    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    vector tsvector
-);
-
-CREATE INDEX user_directory_search_fts_idx ON user_directory_search USING gin(vector);
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX user_directory_search_user_idx ON user_directory_search(user_id);
-"""
-
-
-SQLITE_TABLE = """
-CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE user_directory_search
-    USING fts4 ( user_id, value );
-"""
-
-
-def run_create(cur, database_engine, *args, **kwargs):
-    for statement in get_statements(BOTH_TABLES.splitlines()):
-        cur.execute(statement)
-
-    if isinstance(database_engine, PostgresEngine):
-        for statement in get_statements(POSTGRES_TABLE.splitlines()):
-            cur.execute(statement)
-    elif isinstance(database_engine, Sqlite3Engine):
-        for statement in get_statements(SQLITE_TABLE.splitlines()):
-            cur.execute(statement)
-    else:
-        raise Exception("Unrecognized database engine")
-
-
-def run_upgrade(*args, **kwargs):
-    pass
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/43/blocked_rooms.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/43/blocked_rooms.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index 0e3cd143ff..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/43/blocked_rooms.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-CREATE TABLE blocked_rooms (
-    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    user_id TEXT NOT NULL  -- Admin who blocked the room
-);
-
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX blocked_rooms_idx ON blocked_rooms(room_id);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/43/quarantine_media.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/43/quarantine_media.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index 630907ec4f..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/43/quarantine_media.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-ALTER TABLE local_media_repository ADD COLUMN quarantined_by TEXT;
-ALTER TABLE remote_media_cache ADD COLUMN quarantined_by TEXT;
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/43/url_cache.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/43/url_cache.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index 45ebe020da..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/43/url_cache.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-ALTER TABLE local_media_repository ADD COLUMN url_cache TEXT;
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/43/user_share.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/43/user_share.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index ee7062abe4..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/43/user_share.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
--- Table keeping track of who shares a room with who. We only keep track
--- of this for local users, so `user_id` is local users only (but we do keep track
--- of which remote users share a room)
-CREATE TABLE users_who_share_rooms (
-    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    other_user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    share_private BOOLEAN NOT NULL  -- is the shared room private? i.e. they share a private room
-);
-
-
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX users_who_share_rooms_u_idx ON users_who_share_rooms(user_id, other_user_id);
-CREATE INDEX users_who_share_rooms_r_idx ON users_who_share_rooms(room_id);
-CREATE INDEX users_who_share_rooms_o_idx ON users_who_share_rooms(other_user_id);
-
-
--- Make sure that we populate the table initially
-UPDATE user_directory_stream_pos SET stream_id = NULL;
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/44/expire_url_cache.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/44/expire_url_cache.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index b12f9b2ebf..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/44/expire_url_cache.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,41 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2017 New Vector Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
--- this didn't work on SQLite 3.7 (because of lack of partial indexes), so was
--- removed and replaced with 46/local_media_repository_url_idx.sql.
---
--- CREATE INDEX local_media_repository_url_idx ON local_media_repository(created_ts) WHERE url_cache IS NOT NULL;
-
--- we need to change `expires` to `expires_ts` so that we can index on it. SQLite doesn't support
--- indices on expressions until 3.9.
-CREATE TABLE local_media_repository_url_cache_new(
-    url TEXT,
-    response_code INTEGER,
-    etag TEXT,
-    expires_ts BIGINT,
-    og TEXT,
-    media_id TEXT,
-    download_ts BIGINT
-);
-
-INSERT INTO local_media_repository_url_cache_new
-    SELECT url, response_code, etag, expires + download_ts, og, media_id, download_ts FROM local_media_repository_url_cache;
-
-DROP TABLE local_media_repository_url_cache;
-ALTER TABLE local_media_repository_url_cache_new RENAME TO local_media_repository_url_cache;
-
-CREATE INDEX local_media_repository_url_cache_expires_idx ON local_media_repository_url_cache(expires_ts);
-CREATE INDEX local_media_repository_url_cache_by_url_download_ts ON local_media_repository_url_cache(url, download_ts);
-CREATE INDEX local_media_repository_url_cache_media_idx ON local_media_repository_url_cache(media_id);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/45/group_server.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/45/group_server.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index b2333848a0..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/45/group_server.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,167 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-CREATE TABLE groups (
-    group_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    name TEXT,  -- the display name of the room
-    avatar_url TEXT,
-    short_description TEXT,
-    long_description TEXT
-);
-
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX groups_idx ON groups(group_id);
-
-
--- list of users the group server thinks are joined
-CREATE TABLE group_users (
-    group_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    is_admin BOOLEAN NOT NULL,
-    is_public BOOLEAN NOT NULL  -- whether the users membership can be seen by everyone
-);
-
-
-CREATE INDEX groups_users_g_idx ON group_users(group_id, user_id);
-CREATE INDEX groups_users_u_idx ON group_users(user_id);
-
--- list of users the group server thinks are invited
-CREATE TABLE group_invites (
-    group_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    user_id TEXT NOT NULL
-);
-
-CREATE INDEX groups_invites_g_idx ON group_invites(group_id, user_id);
-CREATE INDEX groups_invites_u_idx ON group_invites(user_id);
-
-
-CREATE TABLE group_rooms (
-    group_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    is_public BOOLEAN NOT NULL  -- whether the room can be seen by everyone
-);
-
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX groups_rooms_g_idx ON group_rooms(group_id, room_id);
-CREATE INDEX groups_rooms_r_idx ON group_rooms(room_id);
-
-
--- Rooms to include in the summary
-CREATE TABLE group_summary_rooms (
-    group_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    category_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    room_order BIGINT NOT NULL,
-    is_public BOOLEAN NOT NULL, -- whether the room should be show to everyone
-    UNIQUE (group_id, category_id, room_id, room_order),
-    CHECK (room_order > 0)
-);
-
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX group_summary_rooms_g_idx ON group_summary_rooms(group_id, room_id, category_id);
-
-
--- Categories to include in the summary
-CREATE TABLE group_summary_room_categories (
-    group_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    category_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    cat_order BIGINT NOT NULL,
-    UNIQUE (group_id, category_id, cat_order),
-    CHECK (cat_order > 0)
-);
-
--- The categories in the group
-CREATE TABLE group_room_categories (
-    group_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    category_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    profile TEXT NOT NULL,
-    is_public BOOLEAN NOT NULL, -- whether the category should be show to everyone
-    UNIQUE (group_id, category_id)
-);
-
--- The users to include in the group summary
-CREATE TABLE group_summary_users (
-    group_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    role_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    user_order BIGINT NOT NULL,
-    is_public BOOLEAN NOT NULL  -- whether the user should be show to everyone
-);
-
-CREATE INDEX group_summary_users_g_idx ON group_summary_users(group_id);
-
--- The roles to include in the group summary
-CREATE TABLE group_summary_roles (
-    group_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    role_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    role_order BIGINT NOT NULL,
-    UNIQUE (group_id, role_id, role_order),
-    CHECK (role_order > 0)
-);
-
-
--- The roles in a groups
-CREATE TABLE group_roles (
-    group_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    role_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    profile TEXT NOT NULL,
-    is_public BOOLEAN NOT NULL,  -- whether the role should be show to everyone
-    UNIQUE (group_id, role_id)
-);
-
-
--- List of  attestations we've given out and need to renew
-CREATE TABLE group_attestations_renewals (
-    group_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    valid_until_ms BIGINT NOT NULL
-);
-
-CREATE INDEX group_attestations_renewals_g_idx ON group_attestations_renewals(group_id, user_id);
-CREATE INDEX group_attestations_renewals_u_idx ON group_attestations_renewals(user_id);
-CREATE INDEX group_attestations_renewals_v_idx ON group_attestations_renewals(valid_until_ms);
-
-
--- List of attestations we've received from remotes and are interested in.
-CREATE TABLE group_attestations_remote (
-    group_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    valid_until_ms BIGINT NOT NULL,
-    attestation_json TEXT NOT NULL
-);
-
-CREATE INDEX group_attestations_remote_g_idx ON group_attestations_remote(group_id, user_id);
-CREATE INDEX group_attestations_remote_u_idx ON group_attestations_remote(user_id);
-CREATE INDEX group_attestations_remote_v_idx ON group_attestations_remote(valid_until_ms);
-
-
--- The group membership for the HS's users
-CREATE TABLE local_group_membership (
-    group_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    is_admin BOOLEAN NOT NULL,
-    membership TEXT NOT NULL,
-    is_publicised BOOLEAN NOT NULL,  -- if the user is publicising their membership
-    content TEXT NOT NULL
-);
-
-CREATE INDEX local_group_membership_u_idx ON local_group_membership(user_id, group_id);
-CREATE INDEX local_group_membership_g_idx ON local_group_membership(group_id);
-
-
-CREATE TABLE local_group_updates (
-    stream_id BIGINT NOT NULL,
-    group_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    type TEXT NOT NULL,
-    content TEXT NOT NULL
-);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/45/profile_cache.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/45/profile_cache.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index e5ddc84df0..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/45/profile_cache.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2017 New Vector Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-
--- A subset of remote users whose profiles we have cached.
--- Whether a user is in this table or not is defined by the storage function
--- `is_subscribed_remote_profile_for_user`
-CREATE TABLE remote_profile_cache (
-    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    displayname TEXT,
-    avatar_url TEXT,
-    last_check BIGINT NOT NULL
-);
-
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX remote_profile_cache_user_id ON remote_profile_cache(user_id);
-CREATE INDEX remote_profile_cache_time ON remote_profile_cache(last_check);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/46/drop_refresh_tokens.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/46/drop_refresh_tokens.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index 68c48a89a9..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/46/drop_refresh_tokens.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2017 New Vector Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-/* we no longer use (or create) the refresh_tokens table */
-DROP TABLE IF EXISTS refresh_tokens;
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/46/drop_unique_deleted_pushers.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/46/drop_unique_deleted_pushers.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index bb307889c1..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/46/drop_unique_deleted_pushers.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2017 New Vector Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
--- drop the unique constraint on deleted_pushers so that we can just insert
--- into it rather than upserting.
-
-CREATE TABLE deleted_pushers2 (
-    stream_id BIGINT NOT NULL,
-    app_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    pushkey TEXT NOT NULL,
-    user_id TEXT NOT NULL
-);
-
-INSERT INTO deleted_pushers2 (stream_id, app_id, pushkey, user_id)
-    SELECT stream_id, app_id, pushkey, user_id from deleted_pushers;
-
-DROP TABLE deleted_pushers;
-ALTER TABLE deleted_pushers2 RENAME TO deleted_pushers;
-
--- create the index after doing the inserts because that's more efficient.
--- it also means we can give it the same name as the old one without renaming.
-CREATE INDEX deleted_pushers_stream_id ON deleted_pushers (stream_id);
-
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/46/group_server.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/46/group_server.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index 097679bc9a..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/46/group_server.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,32 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2017 New Vector Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-CREATE TABLE groups_new (
-    group_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    name TEXT,  -- the display name of the room
-    avatar_url TEXT,
-    short_description TEXT,
-    long_description TEXT,
-    is_public BOOL NOT NULL -- whether non-members can access group APIs
-);
-
--- NB: awful hack to get the default to be true on postgres and 1 on sqlite
-INSERT INTO groups_new
-    SELECT group_id, name, avatar_url, short_description, long_description, (1=1) FROM groups;
-
-DROP TABLE groups;
-ALTER TABLE groups_new RENAME TO groups;
-
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX groups_idx ON groups(group_id);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/46/local_media_repository_url_idx.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/46/local_media_repository_url_idx.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index bbfc7f5d1a..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/46/local_media_repository_url_idx.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2017 New Vector Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
--- register a background update which will recreate the
--- local_media_repository_url_idx index.
---
--- We do this as a bg update not because it is a particularly onerous
--- operation, but because we'd like it to be a partial index if possible, and
--- the background_index_update code will understand whether we are on
--- postgres or sqlite and behave accordingly.
-INSERT INTO background_updates (update_name, progress_json) VALUES
-    ('local_media_repository_url_idx', '{}');
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/46/user_dir_null_room_ids.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/46/user_dir_null_room_ids.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index cb0d5a2576..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/46/user_dir_null_room_ids.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2017 New Vector Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
--- change the user_directory table to also cover global local user profiles
--- rather than just profiles within specific rooms.
-
-CREATE TABLE user_directory2 (
-    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    room_id TEXT,
-    display_name TEXT,
-    avatar_url TEXT
-);
-
-INSERT INTO user_directory2(user_id, room_id, display_name, avatar_url)
-    SELECT user_id, room_id, display_name, avatar_url from user_directory;
-
-DROP TABLE user_directory;
-ALTER TABLE user_directory2 RENAME TO user_directory;
-
--- create indexes after doing the inserts because that's more efficient.
--- it also means we can give it the same name as the old one without renaming.
-CREATE INDEX user_directory_room_idx ON user_directory(room_id);
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX user_directory_user_idx ON user_directory(user_id);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/46/user_dir_typos.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/46/user_dir_typos.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index d9505f8da1..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/46/user_dir_typos.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2017 New Vector Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
--- this is just embarassing :|
-ALTER TABLE users_in_pubic_room RENAME TO users_in_public_rooms;
-
--- this is only 300K rows on matrix.org and takes ~3s to generate the index,
--- so is hopefully not going to block anyone else for that long...
-CREATE INDEX users_in_public_rooms_room_idx ON users_in_public_rooms(room_id);
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX users_in_public_rooms_user_idx ON users_in_public_rooms(user_id);
-DROP INDEX users_in_pubic_room_room_idx;
-DROP INDEX users_in_pubic_room_user_idx;
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/47/last_access_media.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/47/last_access_media.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index f505fb22b5..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/47/last_access_media.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-ALTER TABLE local_media_repository ADD COLUMN last_access_ts BIGINT;
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/47/postgres_fts_gin.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/47/postgres_fts_gin.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index 31d7a817eb..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/47/postgres_fts_gin.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-INSERT into background_updates (update_name, progress_json)
-    VALUES ('event_search_postgres_gin', '{}');
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/47/push_actions_staging.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/47/push_actions_staging.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index edccf4a96f..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/47/push_actions_staging.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
--- Temporary staging area for push actions that have been calculated for an
--- event, but the event hasn't yet been persisted.
--- When the event is persisted the rows are moved over to the
--- event_push_actions table.
-CREATE TABLE event_push_actions_staging (
-    event_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    actions TEXT NOT NULL,
-    notif SMALLINT NOT NULL,
-    highlight SMALLINT NOT NULL
-);
-
-CREATE INDEX event_push_actions_staging_id ON event_push_actions_staging(event_id);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/47/state_group_seq.py b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/47/state_group_seq.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 9fd1ccf6f7..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/47/state_group_seq.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-
-from synapse.storage.engines import PostgresEngine
-
-
-def run_create(cur, database_engine, *args, **kwargs):
-    if isinstance(database_engine, PostgresEngine):
-        # if we already have some state groups, we want to start making new
-        # ones with a higher id.
-        cur.execute("SELECT max(id) FROM state_groups")
-        row = cur.fetchone()
-
-        if row[0] is None:
-            start_val = 1
-        else:
-            start_val = row[0] + 1
-
-        cur.execute("CREATE SEQUENCE state_group_id_seq START WITH %s", (start_val,))
-
-
-def run_upgrade(*args, **kwargs):
-    pass
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/48/add_user_consent.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/48/add_user_consent.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index 5237491506..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/48/add_user_consent.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-/* record the version of the privacy policy the user has consented to
- */
-ALTER TABLE users ADD COLUMN consent_version TEXT;
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/48/add_user_ips_last_seen_index.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/48/add_user_ips_last_seen_index.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index 9248b0b24a..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/48/add_user_ips_last_seen_index.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-INSERT into background_updates (update_name, progress_json)
-    VALUES ('user_ips_last_seen_index', '{}');
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/48/deactivated_users.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/48/deactivated_users.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index e9013a6969..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/48/deactivated_users.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-/*
- * Store any accounts that have been requested to be deactivated.
- * We part the account from all the rooms its in when its
- * deactivated. This can take some time and synapse may be restarted
- * before it completes, so store the user IDs here until the process
- * is complete.
- */
-CREATE TABLE users_pending_deactivation (
-    user_id TEXT NOT NULL
-);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/48/group_unique_indexes.py b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/48/group_unique_indexes.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 49f5f2c003..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/48/group_unique_indexes.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,63 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-
-from synapse.storage.engines import PostgresEngine
-from synapse.storage.prepare_database import get_statements
-
-FIX_INDEXES = """
--- rebuild indexes as uniques
-DROP INDEX groups_invites_g_idx;
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX group_invites_g_idx ON group_invites(group_id, user_id);
-DROP INDEX groups_users_g_idx;
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX group_users_g_idx ON group_users(group_id, user_id);
-
--- rename other indexes to actually match their table names..
-DROP INDEX groups_users_u_idx;
-CREATE INDEX group_users_u_idx ON group_users(user_id);
-DROP INDEX groups_invites_u_idx;
-CREATE INDEX group_invites_u_idx ON group_invites(user_id);
-DROP INDEX groups_rooms_g_idx;
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX group_rooms_g_idx ON group_rooms(group_id, room_id);
-DROP INDEX groups_rooms_r_idx;
-CREATE INDEX group_rooms_r_idx ON group_rooms(room_id);
-"""
-
-
-def run_create(cur, database_engine, *args, **kwargs):
-    rowid = "ctid" if isinstance(database_engine, PostgresEngine) else "rowid"
-
-    # remove duplicates from group_users & group_invites tables
-    cur.execute(
-        """
-        DELETE FROM group_users WHERE %s NOT IN (
-           SELECT min(%s) FROM group_users GROUP BY group_id, user_id
-        );
-    """
-        % (rowid, rowid)
-    )
-    cur.execute(
-        """
-        DELETE FROM group_invites WHERE %s NOT IN (
-           SELECT min(%s) FROM group_invites GROUP BY group_id, user_id
-        );
-    """
-        % (rowid, rowid)
-    )
-
-    for statement in get_statements(FIX_INDEXES.splitlines()):
-        cur.execute(statement)
-
-
-def run_upgrade(*args, **kwargs):
-    pass
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/48/groups_joinable.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/48/groups_joinable.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index ce26eaf0c9..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/48/groups_joinable.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-/* 
- * This isn't a real ENUM because sqlite doesn't support it
- * and we use a default of NULL for inserted rows and interpret
- * NULL at the python store level as necessary so that existing
- * rows are given the correct default policy.
- */
-ALTER TABLE groups ADD COLUMN join_policy TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT 'invite';
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/49/add_user_consent_server_notice_sent.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/49/add_user_consent_server_notice_sent.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index 14dcf18d73..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/49/add_user_consent_server_notice_sent.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-/* record whether we have sent a server notice about consenting to the
- * privacy policy. Specifically records the version of the policy we sent
- * a message about.
- */
-ALTER TABLE users ADD COLUMN consent_server_notice_sent TEXT;
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/49/add_user_daily_visits.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/49/add_user_daily_visits.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index 3dd478196f..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/49/add_user_daily_visits.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-
-CREATE TABLE user_daily_visits ( user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-                                 device_id TEXT,
-                                 timestamp BIGINT NOT NULL );
-CREATE INDEX user_daily_visits_uts_idx ON user_daily_visits(user_id, timestamp);
-CREATE INDEX user_daily_visits_ts_idx ON user_daily_visits(timestamp);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/49/add_user_ips_last_seen_only_index.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/49/add_user_ips_last_seen_only_index.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index 3a4ed59b5b..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/49/add_user_ips_last_seen_only_index.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-INSERT into background_updates (update_name, progress_json)
-    VALUES ('user_ips_last_seen_only_index', '{}');
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/50/add_creation_ts_users_index.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/50/add_creation_ts_users_index.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index c93ae47532..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/50/add_creation_ts_users_index.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-
-
-INSERT into background_updates (update_name, progress_json)
-    VALUES ('users_creation_ts', '{}');
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/50/erasure_store.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/50/erasure_store.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index 5d8641a9ab..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/50/erasure_store.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
--- a table of users who have requested that their details be erased
-CREATE TABLE erased_users (
-    user_id TEXT NOT NULL
-);
-
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX erased_users_user ON erased_users(user_id);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/50/make_event_content_nullable.py b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/50/make_event_content_nullable.py
deleted file mode 100644
index b1684a8441..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/50/make_event_content_nullable.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,96 +0,0 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-# Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-
-"""
-We want to stop populating 'event.content', so we need to make it nullable.
-
-If this has to be rolled back, then the following should populate the missing data:
-
-Postgres:
-
-    UPDATE events SET content=(ej.json::json)->'content' FROM event_json ej
-    WHERE ej.event_id = events.event_id AND
-        stream_ordering < (
-            SELECT stream_ordering FROM events WHERE content IS NOT NULL
-            ORDER BY stream_ordering LIMIT 1
-        );
-
-    UPDATE events SET content=(ej.json::json)->'content' FROM event_json ej
-    WHERE ej.event_id = events.event_id AND
-        stream_ordering > (
-            SELECT stream_ordering FROM events WHERE content IS NOT NULL
-            ORDER BY stream_ordering DESC LIMIT 1
-        );
-
-SQLite:
-
-    UPDATE events SET content=(
-        SELECT json_extract(json,'$.content') FROM event_json ej
-        WHERE ej.event_id = events.event_id
-    )
-    WHERE
-        stream_ordering < (
-            SELECT stream_ordering FROM events WHERE content IS NOT NULL
-            ORDER BY stream_ordering LIMIT 1
-        )
-        OR stream_ordering > (
-            SELECT stream_ordering FROM events WHERE content IS NOT NULL
-            ORDER BY stream_ordering DESC LIMIT 1
-        );
-
-"""
-
-import logging
-
-from synapse.storage.engines import PostgresEngine
-
-logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-
-
-def run_create(cur, database_engine, *args, **kwargs):
-    pass
-
-
-def run_upgrade(cur, database_engine, *args, **kwargs):
-    if isinstance(database_engine, PostgresEngine):
-        cur.execute(
-            """
-            ALTER TABLE events ALTER COLUMN content DROP NOT NULL;
-        """
-        )
-        return
-
-    # sqlite is an arse about this. ref: https://www.sqlite.org/lang_altertable.html
-
-    cur.execute(
-        "SELECT sql FROM sqlite_master WHERE tbl_name='events' AND type='table'"
-    )
-    (oldsql,) = cur.fetchone()
-
-    sql = oldsql.replace("content TEXT NOT NULL", "content TEXT")
-    if sql == oldsql:
-        raise Exception("Couldn't find null constraint to drop in %s" % oldsql)
-
-    logger.info("Replacing definition of 'events' with: %s", sql)
-
-    cur.execute("PRAGMA schema_version")
-    (oldver,) = cur.fetchone()
-    cur.execute("PRAGMA writable_schema=ON")
-    cur.execute(
-        "UPDATE sqlite_master SET sql=? WHERE tbl_name='events' AND type='table'",
-        (sql,),
-    )
-    cur.execute("PRAGMA schema_version=%i" % (oldver + 1,))
-    cur.execute("PRAGMA writable_schema=OFF")
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/51/e2e_room_keys.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/51/e2e_room_keys.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index c0e66a697d..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/51/e2e_room_keys.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2017 New Vector Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
--- users' optionally backed up encrypted e2e sessions
-CREATE TABLE e2e_room_keys (
-    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    session_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    version TEXT NOT NULL,
-    first_message_index INT,
-    forwarded_count INT,
-    is_verified BOOLEAN,
-    session_data TEXT NOT NULL
-);
-
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX e2e_room_keys_idx ON e2e_room_keys(user_id, room_id, session_id);
-
--- the metadata for each generation of encrypted e2e session backups
-CREATE TABLE e2e_room_keys_versions (
-    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    version TEXT NOT NULL,
-    algorithm TEXT NOT NULL,
-    auth_data TEXT NOT NULL,
-    deleted SMALLINT DEFAULT 0 NOT NULL
-);
-
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX e2e_room_keys_versions_idx ON e2e_room_keys_versions(user_id, version);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/51/monthly_active_users.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/51/monthly_active_users.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index c9d537d5a3..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/51/monthly_active_users.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,27 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
--- a table of monthly active users, for use where blocking based on mau limits
-CREATE TABLE monthly_active_users (
-    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    -- Last time we saw the user. Not guaranteed to be accurate due to rate limiting
-    -- on updates, Granularity of updates governed by
-    -- synapse.storage.monthly_active_users.LAST_SEEN_GRANULARITY
-    -- Measured in ms since epoch.
-    timestamp BIGINT NOT NULL
-);
-
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX monthly_active_users_users ON monthly_active_users(user_id);
-CREATE INDEX monthly_active_users_time_stamp ON monthly_active_users(timestamp);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/52/add_event_to_state_group_index.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/52/add_event_to_state_group_index.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index 91e03d13e1..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/52/add_event_to_state_group_index.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
--- This is needed to efficiently check for unreferenced state groups during
--- purge. Added events_to_state_group(state_group) index
-INSERT into background_updates (update_name, progress_json)
-    VALUES ('event_to_state_groups_sg_index', '{}');
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/52/device_list_streams_unique_idx.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/52/device_list_streams_unique_idx.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index bfa49e6f92..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/52/device_list_streams_unique_idx.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
--- register a background update which will create a unique index on
--- device_lists_remote_cache
-INSERT into background_updates (update_name, progress_json)
-    VALUES ('device_lists_remote_cache_unique_idx', '{}');
-
--- and one on device_lists_remote_extremeties
-INSERT into background_updates (update_name, progress_json, depends_on)
-    VALUES (
-        'device_lists_remote_extremeties_unique_idx', '{}',
-
-        -- doesn't really depend on this, but we need to make sure both happen
-        -- before we drop the old indexes.
-        'device_lists_remote_cache_unique_idx'
-    );
-
--- once they complete, we can drop the old indexes.
-INSERT into background_updates (update_name, progress_json, depends_on)
-    VALUES (
-        'drop_device_list_streams_non_unique_indexes', '{}',
-        'device_lists_remote_extremeties_unique_idx'
-    );
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/52/e2e_room_keys.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/52/e2e_room_keys.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index db687cccae..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/52/e2e_room_keys.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,53 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-/* Change version column to an integer so we can do MAX() sensibly
- */
-CREATE TABLE e2e_room_keys_versions_new (
-    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    version BIGINT NOT NULL,
-    algorithm TEXT NOT NULL,
-    auth_data TEXT NOT NULL,
-    deleted SMALLINT DEFAULT 0 NOT NULL
-);
-
-INSERT INTO e2e_room_keys_versions_new
-    SELECT user_id, CAST(version as BIGINT), algorithm, auth_data, deleted FROM e2e_room_keys_versions;
-
-DROP TABLE e2e_room_keys_versions;
-ALTER TABLE e2e_room_keys_versions_new RENAME TO e2e_room_keys_versions;
-
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX e2e_room_keys_versions_idx ON e2e_room_keys_versions(user_id, version);
-
-/* Change e2e_rooms_keys to match
- */
-CREATE TABLE e2e_room_keys_new (
-    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    session_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    version BIGINT NOT NULL,
-    first_message_index INT,
-    forwarded_count INT,
-    is_verified BOOLEAN,
-    session_data TEXT NOT NULL
-);
-
-INSERT INTO e2e_room_keys_new
-    SELECT user_id, room_id, session_id, CAST(version as BIGINT), first_message_index, forwarded_count, is_verified, session_data FROM e2e_room_keys;
-
-DROP TABLE e2e_room_keys;
-ALTER TABLE e2e_room_keys_new RENAME TO e2e_room_keys;
-
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX e2e_room_keys_idx ON e2e_room_keys(user_id, room_id, session_id);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/53/add_user_type_to_users.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/53/add_user_type_to_users.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index 88ec2f83e5..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/53/add_user_type_to_users.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-/* The type of the user: NULL for a regular user, or one of the constants in 
- * synapse.api.constants.UserTypes
- */
-ALTER TABLE users ADD COLUMN user_type TEXT DEFAULT NULL;
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/53/drop_sent_transactions.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/53/drop_sent_transactions.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index e372f5a44a..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/53/drop_sent_transactions.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-DROP TABLE IF EXISTS sent_transactions;
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/53/event_format_version.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/53/event_format_version.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index 1d977c2834..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/53/event_format_version.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-ALTER TABLE event_json ADD COLUMN format_version INTEGER;
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/53/user_dir_populate.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/53/user_dir_populate.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index ffcc896b58..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/53/user_dir_populate.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
--- Set up staging tables
-INSERT INTO background_updates (update_name, progress_json) VALUES
-    ('populate_user_directory_createtables', '{}');
-
--- Run through each room and update the user directory according to who is in it
-INSERT INTO background_updates (update_name, progress_json, depends_on) VALUES
-    ('populate_user_directory_process_rooms', '{}', 'populate_user_directory_createtables');
-
--- Insert all users, if search_all_users is on
-INSERT INTO background_updates (update_name, progress_json, depends_on) VALUES
-    ('populate_user_directory_process_users', '{}', 'populate_user_directory_process_rooms');
-
--- Clean up staging tables
-INSERT INTO background_updates (update_name, progress_json, depends_on) VALUES
-    ('populate_user_directory_cleanup', '{}', 'populate_user_directory_process_users');
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/53/user_ips_index.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/53/user_ips_index.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index b812c5794f..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/53/user_ips_index.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
- -- analyze user_ips, to help ensure the correct indices are used
-INSERT INTO background_updates (update_name, progress_json) VALUES
-  ('user_ips_analyze', '{}');
-
--- delete duplicates
-INSERT INTO background_updates (update_name, progress_json, depends_on) VALUES
-  ('user_ips_remove_dupes', '{}', 'user_ips_analyze');
-
--- add a new unique index to user_ips table
-INSERT INTO background_updates (update_name, progress_json, depends_on) VALUES
-  ('user_ips_device_unique_index', '{}', 'user_ips_remove_dupes');
-
--- drop the old original index
-INSERT INTO background_updates (update_name, progress_json, depends_on) VALUES
-  ('user_ips_drop_nonunique_index', '{}', 'user_ips_device_unique_index');
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/53/user_share.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/53/user_share.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index 5831b1a6f8..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/53/user_share.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,44 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd, 2019 New Vector Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
--- Old disused version of the tables below.
-DROP TABLE IF EXISTS users_who_share_rooms;
-
--- Tables keeping track of what users share rooms. This is a map of local users
--- to local or remote users, per room. Remote users cannot be in the user_id
--- column, only the other_user_id column. There are two tables, one for public
--- rooms and those for private rooms.
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS users_who_share_public_rooms (
-    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    other_user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    room_id TEXT NOT NULL
-);
-
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS users_who_share_private_rooms (
-    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    other_user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    room_id TEXT NOT NULL
-);
-
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX users_who_share_public_rooms_u_idx ON users_who_share_public_rooms(user_id, other_user_id, room_id);
-CREATE INDEX users_who_share_public_rooms_r_idx ON users_who_share_public_rooms(room_id);
-CREATE INDEX users_who_share_public_rooms_o_idx ON users_who_share_public_rooms(other_user_id);
-
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX users_who_share_private_rooms_u_idx ON users_who_share_private_rooms(user_id, other_user_id, room_id);
-CREATE INDEX users_who_share_private_rooms_r_idx ON users_who_share_private_rooms(room_id);
-CREATE INDEX users_who_share_private_rooms_o_idx ON users_who_share_private_rooms(other_user_id);
-
--- Make sure that we populate the tables initially by resetting the stream ID
-UPDATE user_directory_stream_pos SET stream_id = NULL;
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/53/user_threepid_id.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/53/user_threepid_id.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index 80c2c573b6..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/53/user_threepid_id.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
--- Tracks which identity server a user bound their threepid via.
-CREATE TABLE user_threepid_id_server (
-    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    medium TEXT NOT NULL,
-    address TEXT NOT NULL,
-    id_server TEXT NOT NULL
-);
-
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX user_threepid_id_server_idx ON user_threepid_id_server(
-    user_id, medium, address, id_server
-);
-
-INSERT INTO background_updates (update_name, progress_json) VALUES
-  ('user_threepids_grandfather', '{}');
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/53/users_in_public_rooms.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/53/users_in_public_rooms.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index f7827ca6d2..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/53/users_in_public_rooms.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
--- We don't need the old version of this table.
-DROP TABLE IF EXISTS users_in_public_rooms;
-
--- Old version of users_in_public_rooms
-DROP TABLE IF EXISTS users_who_share_public_rooms;
-
--- Track what users are in public rooms.
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS users_in_public_rooms (
-    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    room_id TEXT NOT NULL
-);
-
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX users_in_public_rooms_u_idx ON users_in_public_rooms(user_id, room_id);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/54/account_validity_with_renewal.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/54/account_validity_with_renewal.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index 0adb2ad55e..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/54/account_validity_with_renewal.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
--- We previously changed the schema for this table without renaming the file, which means
--- that some databases might still be using the old schema. This ensures Synapse uses the
--- right schema for the table.
-DROP TABLE IF EXISTS account_validity;
-
--- Track what users are in public rooms.
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS account_validity (
-    user_id TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
-    expiration_ts_ms BIGINT NOT NULL,
-    email_sent BOOLEAN NOT NULL,
-    renewal_token TEXT
-);
-
-CREATE INDEX account_validity_email_sent_idx ON account_validity(email_sent, expiration_ts_ms)
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX account_validity_renewal_string_idx ON account_validity(renewal_token)
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/54/add_validity_to_server_keys.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/54/add_validity_to_server_keys.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index c01aa9d2d9..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/54/add_validity_to_server_keys.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-/* When we can use this key until, before we have to refresh it. */
-ALTER TABLE server_signature_keys ADD COLUMN ts_valid_until_ms BIGINT;
-
-UPDATE server_signature_keys SET ts_valid_until_ms = (
-    SELECT MAX(ts_valid_until_ms) FROM server_keys_json skj WHERE
-        skj.server_name = server_signature_keys.server_name AND
-        skj.key_id = server_signature_keys.key_id
-);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/54/delete_forward_extremities.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/54/delete_forward_extremities.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index b062ec840c..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/54/delete_forward_extremities.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
--- Start a background job to cleanup extremities that were incorrectly added
--- by bug #5269.
-INSERT INTO background_updates (update_name, progress_json) VALUES
-  ('delete_soft_failed_extremities', '{}');
-
-DROP TABLE IF EXISTS _extremities_to_check;  -- To make this delta schema file idempotent.
-CREATE TABLE _extremities_to_check AS SELECT event_id FROM event_forward_extremities;
-CREATE INDEX _extremities_to_check_id ON _extremities_to_check(event_id);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/54/drop_legacy_tables.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/54/drop_legacy_tables.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index dbbe682697..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/54/drop_legacy_tables.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
--- we need to do this first due to foreign constraints
-DROP TABLE IF EXISTS application_services_regex;
-
-DROP TABLE IF EXISTS application_services;
-DROP TABLE IF EXISTS transaction_id_to_pdu;
-DROP TABLE IF EXISTS stats_reporting;
-DROP TABLE IF EXISTS current_state_resets;
-DROP TABLE IF EXISTS event_content_hashes;
-DROP TABLE IF EXISTS event_destinations;
-DROP TABLE IF EXISTS event_edge_hashes;
-DROP TABLE IF EXISTS event_signatures;
-DROP TABLE IF EXISTS feedback;
-DROP TABLE IF EXISTS room_hosts;
-DROP TABLE IF EXISTS server_tls_certificates;
-DROP TABLE IF EXISTS state_forward_extremities;
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/54/drop_presence_list.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/54/drop_presence_list.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index e6ee70c623..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/54/drop_presence_list.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-DROP TABLE IF EXISTS presence_list;
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/54/relations.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/54/relations.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index 134862b870..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/54/relations.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,27 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2019 New Vector Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
--- Tracks related events, like reactions, replies, edits, etc. Note that things
--- in this table are not necessarily "valid", e.g. it may contain edits from
--- people who don't have power to edit other peoples events.
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS event_relations (
-    event_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    relates_to_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    relation_type TEXT NOT NULL,
-    aggregation_key TEXT
-);
-
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX event_relations_id ON event_relations(event_id);
-CREATE INDEX event_relations_relates ON event_relations(relates_to_id, relation_type, aggregation_key);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/54/stats.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/54/stats.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index 652e58308e..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/54/stats.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,80 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-CREATE TABLE stats_stream_pos (
-    Lock CHAR(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT 'X' UNIQUE,  -- Makes sure this table only has one row.
-    stream_id BIGINT,
-    CHECK (Lock='X')
-);
-
-INSERT INTO stats_stream_pos (stream_id) VALUES (null);
-
-CREATE TABLE user_stats (
-    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    ts BIGINT NOT NULL,
-    bucket_size INT NOT NULL,
-    public_rooms INT NOT NULL,
-    private_rooms INT NOT NULL
-);
-
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX user_stats_user_ts ON user_stats(user_id, ts);
-
-CREATE TABLE room_stats (
-    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    ts BIGINT NOT NULL,
-    bucket_size INT NOT NULL,
-    current_state_events INT NOT NULL,
-    joined_members INT NOT NULL,
-    invited_members INT NOT NULL,
-    left_members INT NOT NULL,
-    banned_members INT NOT NULL,
-    state_events INT NOT NULL
-);
-
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX room_stats_room_ts ON room_stats(room_id, ts);
-
--- cache of current room state; useful for the publicRooms list
-CREATE TABLE room_state (
-    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    join_rules TEXT,
-    history_visibility TEXT,
-    encryption TEXT,
-    name TEXT,
-    topic TEXT,
-    avatar TEXT,
-    canonical_alias TEXT
-    -- get aliases straight from the right table
-);
-
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX room_state_room ON room_state(room_id);
-
-CREATE TABLE room_stats_earliest_token (
-    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    token BIGINT NOT NULL
-);
-
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX room_stats_earliest_token_idx ON room_stats_earliest_token(room_id);
-
--- Set up staging tables
-INSERT INTO background_updates (update_name, progress_json) VALUES
-    ('populate_stats_createtables', '{}');
-
--- Run through each room and update stats
-INSERT INTO background_updates (update_name, progress_json, depends_on) VALUES
-    ('populate_stats_process_rooms', '{}', 'populate_stats_createtables');
-
--- Clean up staging tables
-INSERT INTO background_updates (update_name, progress_json, depends_on) VALUES
-    ('populate_stats_cleanup', '{}', 'populate_stats_process_rooms');
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/54/stats2.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/54/stats2.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index 3b2d48447f..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/54/stats2.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
--- This delta file gets run after `54/stats.sql` delta.
-
--- We want to add some indices to the temporary stats table, so we re-insert
--- 'populate_stats_createtables' if we are still processing the rooms update.
-INSERT INTO background_updates (update_name, progress_json)
-    SELECT 'populate_stats_createtables', '{}'
-    WHERE
-        'populate_stats_process_rooms' IN (
-            SELECT update_name FROM background_updates
-        )
-        AND 'populate_stats_createtables' NOT IN (  -- don't insert if already exists
-            SELECT update_name FROM background_updates
-        );
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/55/access_token_expiry.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/55/access_token_expiry.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index 4590604bfd..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/55/access_token_expiry.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
--- when this access token can be used until, in ms since the epoch. NULL means the token
--- never expires.
-ALTER TABLE access_tokens ADD COLUMN valid_until_ms BIGINT;
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/55/track_threepid_validations.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/55/track_threepid_validations.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index a8eced2e0a..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/55/track_threepid_validations.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS threepid_validation_session (
-    session_id TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
-    medium TEXT NOT NULL,
-    address TEXT NOT NULL,
-    client_secret TEXT NOT NULL,
-    last_send_attempt BIGINT NOT NULL,
-    validated_at BIGINT
-);
-
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS threepid_validation_token (
-    token TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
-    session_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    next_link TEXT,
-    expires BIGINT NOT NULL
-);
-
-CREATE INDEX threepid_validation_token_session_id ON threepid_validation_token(session_id);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/55/users_alter_deactivated.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/55/users_alter_deactivated.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index dabdde489b..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/55/users_alter_deactivated.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-ALTER TABLE users ADD deactivated SMALLINT DEFAULT 0 NOT NULL;
-
-INSERT INTO background_updates (update_name, progress_json) VALUES
-  ('users_set_deactivated_flag', '{}');
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/56/add_spans_to_device_lists.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/56/add_spans_to_device_lists.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index 41807eb1e7..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/56/add_spans_to_device_lists.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-/*
- * Opentracing context data for inclusion in the device_list_update EDUs, as a
- * json-encoded dictionary. NULL if opentracing is disabled (or not enabled for this destination).
- */
-ALTER TABLE device_lists_outbound_pokes ADD opentracing_context TEXT;
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/56/current_state_events_membership.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/56/current_state_events_membership.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index 473018676f..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/56/current_state_events_membership.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
--- We add membership to current state so that we don't need to join against
--- room_memberships, which can be surprisingly costly (we do such queries
--- very frequently).
--- This will be null for non-membership events and the content.membership key
--- for membership events. (Will also be null for membership events until the
--- background update job has finished).
-ALTER TABLE current_state_events ADD membership TEXT;
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/56/current_state_events_membership_mk2.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/56/current_state_events_membership_mk2.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index 3133d42d4a..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/56/current_state_events_membership_mk2.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
--- We add membership to current state so that we don't need to join against
--- room_memberships, which can be surprisingly costly (we do such queries
--- very frequently).
--- This will be null for non-membership events and the content.membership key
--- for membership events. (Will also be null for membership events until the
--- background update job has finished).
-
-INSERT INTO background_updates (update_name, progress_json) VALUES
-  ('current_state_events_membership', '{}');
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/56/destinations_failure_ts.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/56/destinations_failure_ts.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index f00889290b..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/56/destinations_failure_ts.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-/*
- * Record the timestamp when a given server started failing
- */
-ALTER TABLE destinations ADD failure_ts BIGINT;
-
-/* as a rough approximation, we assume that the server started failing at
- * retry_interval before the last retry
- */
-UPDATE destinations SET failure_ts = retry_last_ts - retry_interval
-    WHERE retry_last_ts > 0;
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/56/destinations_retry_interval_type.sql.postgres b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/56/destinations_retry_interval_type.sql.postgres
deleted file mode 100644
index b9bbb18a91..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/56/destinations_retry_interval_type.sql.postgres
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
--- We want to store large retry intervals so we upgrade the column from INT
--- to BIGINT. We don't need to do this on SQLite.
-ALTER TABLE destinations ALTER retry_interval SET DATA TYPE BIGINT;
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/56/devices_last_seen.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/56/devices_last_seen.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index dfa902d0ba..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/56/devices_last_seen.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2019 Matrix.org Foundation CIC
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
--- Track last seen information for a device in the devices table, rather
--- than relying on it being in the user_ips table (which we want to be able
--- to purge old entries from)
-ALTER TABLE devices ADD COLUMN last_seen BIGINT;
-ALTER TABLE devices ADD COLUMN ip TEXT;
-ALTER TABLE devices ADD COLUMN user_agent TEXT;
-
-INSERT INTO background_updates (update_name, progress_json) VALUES
-  ('devices_last_seen', '{}');
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/56/drop_unused_event_tables.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/56/drop_unused_event_tables.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index 9f09922c67..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/56/drop_unused_event_tables.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
--- these tables are never used.
-DROP TABLE IF EXISTS room_names;
-DROP TABLE IF EXISTS topics;
-DROP TABLE IF EXISTS history_visibility;
-DROP TABLE IF EXISTS guest_access;
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/56/fix_room_keys_index.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/56/fix_room_keys_index.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index 014cb3b538..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/56/fix_room_keys_index.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2019 Matrix.org Foundation CIC
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
--- version is supposed to be part of the room keys index
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX e2e_room_keys_with_version_idx ON e2e_room_keys(user_id, version, room_id, session_id);
-DROP INDEX IF EXISTS e2e_room_keys_idx;
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/56/public_room_list_idx.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/56/public_room_list_idx.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index 7be31ffebb..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/56/public_room_list_idx.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-CREATE INDEX public_room_list_stream_network ON public_room_list_stream (appservice_id, network_id, room_id);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/56/redaction_censor.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/56/redaction_censor.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index fe51b02309..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/56/redaction_censor.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-ALTER TABLE redactions ADD COLUMN have_censored BOOL NOT NULL DEFAULT false;
-CREATE INDEX redactions_have_censored ON redactions(event_id) WHERE not have_censored;
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/56/redaction_censor2.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/56/redaction_censor2.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index 77a5eca499..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/56/redaction_censor2.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-ALTER TABLE redactions ADD COLUMN received_ts BIGINT;
-CREATE INDEX redactions_have_censored_ts ON redactions(received_ts) WHERE not have_censored;
-
-INSERT INTO background_updates (update_name, progress_json) VALUES
-  ('redactions_received_ts', '{}');
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/56/redaction_censor3_fix_update.sql.postgres b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/56/redaction_censor3_fix_update.sql.postgres
deleted file mode 100644
index 67471f3ef5..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/56/redaction_censor3_fix_update.sql.postgres
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-
--- There was a bug where we may have updated censored redactions as bytes,
--- which can (somehow) cause json to be inserted hex encoded. These updates go
--- and undoes any such hex encoded JSON.
-
-INSERT into background_updates (update_name, progress_json)
-  VALUES ('event_fix_redactions_bytes_create_index', '{}');
-
-INSERT into background_updates (update_name, progress_json, depends_on)
-  VALUES ('event_fix_redactions_bytes', '{}', 'event_fix_redactions_bytes_create_index');
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/56/room_membership_idx.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/56/room_membership_idx.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index 92ab1f5e65..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/56/room_membership_idx.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
--- Adds an index on room_memberships for fetching all forgotten rooms for a user
-INSERT INTO background_updates (update_name, progress_json) VALUES
-  ('room_membership_forgotten_idx', '{}');
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/56/stats_separated.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/56/stats_separated.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index 163529c071..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/56/stats_separated.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,152 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
- * Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-
------ First clean up from previous versions of room stats.
-
--- First remove old stats stuff
-DROP TABLE IF EXISTS room_stats;
-DROP TABLE IF EXISTS room_state;
-DROP TABLE IF EXISTS room_stats_state;
-DROP TABLE IF EXISTS user_stats;
-DROP TABLE IF EXISTS room_stats_earliest_tokens;
-DROP TABLE IF EXISTS _temp_populate_stats_position;
-DROP TABLE IF EXISTS _temp_populate_stats_rooms;
-DROP TABLE IF EXISTS stats_stream_pos;
-
--- Unschedule old background updates if they're still scheduled
-DELETE FROM background_updates WHERE update_name IN (
-    'populate_stats_createtables',
-    'populate_stats_process_rooms',
-    'populate_stats_process_users',
-    'populate_stats_cleanup'
-);
-
-INSERT INTO background_updates (update_name, progress_json, depends_on) VALUES
-    ('populate_stats_process_rooms', '{}', '');
-
-INSERT INTO background_updates (update_name, progress_json, depends_on) VALUES
-    ('populate_stats_process_users', '{}', 'populate_stats_process_rooms');
-
------ Create tables for our version of room stats.
-
--- single-row table to track position of incremental updates
-DROP TABLE IF EXISTS stats_incremental_position;
-CREATE TABLE stats_incremental_position (
-    Lock CHAR(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT 'X' UNIQUE,  -- Makes sure this table only has one row.
-    stream_id  BIGINT NOT NULL,
-    CHECK (Lock='X')
-);
-
--- insert a null row and make sure it is the only one.
-INSERT INTO stats_incremental_position (
-    stream_id
-) SELECT COALESCE(MAX(stream_ordering), 0) from events;
-
--- represents PRESENT room statistics for a room
--- only holds absolute fields
-DROP TABLE IF EXISTS room_stats_current;
-CREATE TABLE room_stats_current (
-    room_id TEXT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
-
-    -- These are absolute counts
-    current_state_events INT NOT NULL,
-    joined_members INT NOT NULL,
-    invited_members INT NOT NULL,
-    left_members INT NOT NULL,
-    banned_members INT NOT NULL,
-
-    local_users_in_room INT NOT NULL,
-
-    -- The maximum delta stream position that this row takes into account.
-    completed_delta_stream_id BIGINT NOT NULL
-);
-
-
--- represents HISTORICAL room statistics for a room
-DROP TABLE IF EXISTS room_stats_historical;
-CREATE TABLE room_stats_historical (
-    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    -- These stats cover the time from (end_ts - bucket_size)...end_ts (in ms).
-    -- Note that end_ts is quantised.
-    end_ts BIGINT NOT NULL,
-    bucket_size BIGINT NOT NULL,
-
-    -- These stats are absolute counts
-    current_state_events BIGINT NOT NULL,
-    joined_members BIGINT NOT NULL,
-    invited_members BIGINT NOT NULL,
-    left_members BIGINT NOT NULL,
-    banned_members BIGINT NOT NULL,
-    local_users_in_room BIGINT NOT NULL,
-
-    -- These stats are per time slice
-    total_events BIGINT NOT NULL,
-    total_event_bytes BIGINT NOT NULL,
-
-    PRIMARY KEY (room_id, end_ts)
-);
-
--- We use this index to speed up deletion of ancient room stats.
-CREATE INDEX room_stats_historical_end_ts ON room_stats_historical (end_ts);
-
--- represents PRESENT statistics for a user
--- only holds absolute fields
-DROP TABLE IF EXISTS user_stats_current;
-CREATE TABLE user_stats_current (
-    user_id TEXT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
-
-    joined_rooms BIGINT NOT NULL,
-
-    -- The maximum delta stream position that this row takes into account.
-    completed_delta_stream_id BIGINT NOT NULL
-);
-
--- represents HISTORICAL statistics for a user
-DROP TABLE IF EXISTS user_stats_historical;
-CREATE TABLE user_stats_historical (
-    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    end_ts BIGINT NOT NULL,
-    bucket_size BIGINT NOT NULL,
-
-    joined_rooms BIGINT NOT NULL,
-
-    invites_sent BIGINT NOT NULL,
-    rooms_created BIGINT NOT NULL,
-    total_events BIGINT NOT NULL,
-    total_event_bytes BIGINT NOT NULL,
-
-    PRIMARY KEY (user_id, end_ts)
-);
-
--- We use this index to speed up deletion of ancient user stats.
-CREATE INDEX user_stats_historical_end_ts ON user_stats_historical (end_ts);
-
-
-CREATE TABLE room_stats_state (
-    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    name TEXT,
-    canonical_alias TEXT,
-    join_rules TEXT,
-    history_visibility TEXT,
-    encryption TEXT,
-    avatar TEXT,
-    guest_access TEXT,
-    is_federatable BOOLEAN,
-    topic TEXT
-);
-
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX room_stats_state_room ON room_stats_state(room_id);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/56/unique_user_filter_index.py b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/56/unique_user_filter_index.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 1de8b54961..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/56/unique_user_filter_index.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,52 +0,0 @@
-import logging
-
-from synapse.storage.engines import PostgresEngine
-
-logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-
-
-"""
-This migration updates the user_filters table as follows:
-
- - drops any (user_id, filter_id) duplicates
- - makes the columns NON-NULLable
- - turns the index into a UNIQUE index
-"""
-
-
-def run_upgrade(cur, database_engine, *args, **kwargs):
-    pass
-
-
-def run_create(cur, database_engine, *args, **kwargs):
-    if isinstance(database_engine, PostgresEngine):
-        select_clause = """
-            SELECT DISTINCT ON (user_id, filter_id) user_id, filter_id, filter_json
-            FROM user_filters
-        """
-    else:
-        select_clause = """
-            SELECT * FROM user_filters GROUP BY user_id, filter_id
-        """
-    sql = """
-            DROP TABLE IF EXISTS user_filters_migration;
-            DROP INDEX IF EXISTS user_filters_unique;
-            CREATE TABLE user_filters_migration (
-                user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-                filter_id BIGINT NOT NULL,
-                filter_json BYTEA NOT NULL
-            );
-            INSERT INTO user_filters_migration (user_id, filter_id, filter_json)
-                %s;
-            CREATE UNIQUE INDEX user_filters_unique ON user_filters_migration
-                (user_id, filter_id);
-            DROP TABLE user_filters;
-            ALTER TABLE user_filters_migration RENAME TO user_filters;
-        """ % (
-        select_clause,
-    )
-
-    if isinstance(database_engine, PostgresEngine):
-        cur.execute(sql)
-    else:
-        cur.executescript(sql)
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/56/user_external_ids.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/56/user_external_ids.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index 91390c4527..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/56/user_external_ids.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-/*
- * a table which records mappings from external auth providers to mxids
- */
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS user_external_ids (
-    auth_provider TEXT NOT NULL,
-    external_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    UNIQUE (auth_provider, external_id)
-);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/56/users_in_public_rooms_idx.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/56/users_in_public_rooms_idx.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index 149f8be8b6..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/56/users_in_public_rooms_idx.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2019 Matrix.org Foundation CIC
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
--- this was apparently forgotten when the table was created back in delta 53.
-CREATE INDEX users_in_public_rooms_r_idx ON users_in_public_rooms(room_id);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/16/application_services.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/16/application_services.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index 883fcd10b2..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/16/application_services.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-/* We used to create tables called application_services and
- * application_services_regex, but these are no longer used and are removed in
- * delta 54.
- */
-
-
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS application_services_state(
-    as_id TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
-    state VARCHAR(5),
-    last_txn INTEGER
-);
-
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS application_services_txns(
-    as_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    txn_id INTEGER NOT NULL,
-    event_ids TEXT NOT NULL,
-    UNIQUE(as_id, txn_id)
-);
-
-CREATE INDEX application_services_txns_id ON application_services_txns (
-    as_id
-);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/16/event_edges.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/16/event_edges.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index 10ce2aa7a0..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/16/event_edges.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,70 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-/* We used to create tables called event_destinations and
- * state_forward_extremities, but these are no longer used and are removed in
- * delta 54.
- */
-
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS event_forward_extremities(
-    event_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    UNIQUE (event_id, room_id)
-);
-
-CREATE INDEX ev_extrem_room ON event_forward_extremities(room_id);
-CREATE INDEX ev_extrem_id ON event_forward_extremities(event_id);
-
-
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS event_backward_extremities(
-    event_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    UNIQUE (event_id, room_id)
-);
-
-CREATE INDEX ev_b_extrem_room ON event_backward_extremities(room_id);
-CREATE INDEX ev_b_extrem_id ON event_backward_extremities(event_id);
-
-
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS event_edges(
-    event_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    prev_event_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    is_state BOOL NOT NULL,  -- true if this is a prev_state edge rather than a regular
-                             -- event dag edge.
-    UNIQUE (event_id, prev_event_id, room_id, is_state)
-);
-
-CREATE INDEX ev_edges_id ON event_edges(event_id);
-CREATE INDEX ev_edges_prev_id ON event_edges(prev_event_id);
-
-
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS room_depth(
-    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    min_depth INTEGER NOT NULL,
-    UNIQUE (room_id)
-);
-
-CREATE INDEX room_depth_room ON room_depth(room_id);
-
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS event_auth(
-    event_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    auth_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    UNIQUE (event_id, auth_id, room_id)
-);
-
-CREATE INDEX evauth_edges_id ON event_auth(event_id);
-CREATE INDEX evauth_edges_auth_id ON event_auth(auth_id);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/16/event_signatures.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/16/event_signatures.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index 95826da431..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/16/event_signatures.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
- /* We used to create tables called event_content_hashes and event_edge_hashes,
-  * but these are no longer used and are removed in delta 54.
-  */
-
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS event_reference_hashes (
-    event_id TEXT,
-    algorithm TEXT,
-    hash bytea,
-    UNIQUE (event_id, algorithm)
-);
-
-CREATE INDEX event_reference_hashes_id ON event_reference_hashes(event_id);
-
-
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS event_signatures (
-    event_id TEXT,
-    signature_name TEXT,
-    key_id TEXT,
-    signature bytea,
-    UNIQUE (event_id, signature_name, key_id)
-);
-
-CREATE INDEX event_signatures_id ON event_signatures(event_id);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/16/im.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/16/im.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index a1a2aa8e5b..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/16/im.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,120 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-/* We used to create tables called room_hosts and feedback,
- * but these are no longer used and are removed in delta 54.
- */
-
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS events(
-    stream_ordering INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
-    topological_ordering BIGINT NOT NULL,
-    event_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    type TEXT NOT NULL,
-    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-
-    -- 'content' used to be created NULLable, but as of delta 50 we drop that constraint.
-    -- the hack we use to drop the constraint doesn't work for an in-memory sqlite
-    -- database, which breaks the sytests. Hence, we no longer make it nullable.
-    content TEXT,
-
-    unrecognized_keys TEXT,
-    processed BOOL NOT NULL,
-    outlier BOOL NOT NULL,
-    depth BIGINT DEFAULT 0 NOT NULL,
-    UNIQUE (event_id)
-);
-
-CREATE INDEX events_stream_ordering ON events (stream_ordering);
-CREATE INDEX events_topological_ordering ON events (topological_ordering);
-CREATE INDEX events_order ON events (topological_ordering, stream_ordering);
-CREATE INDEX events_room_id ON events (room_id);
-CREATE INDEX events_order_room ON events (
-    room_id, topological_ordering, stream_ordering
-);
-
-
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS event_json(
-    event_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    internal_metadata TEXT NOT NULL,
-    json TEXT NOT NULL,
-    UNIQUE (event_id)
-);
-
-CREATE INDEX event_json_room_id ON event_json(room_id);
-
-
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS state_events(
-    event_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    type TEXT NOT NULL,
-    state_key TEXT NOT NULL,
-    prev_state TEXT,
-    UNIQUE (event_id)
-);
-
-CREATE INDEX state_events_room_id ON state_events (room_id);
-CREATE INDEX state_events_type ON state_events (type);
-CREATE INDEX state_events_state_key ON state_events (state_key);
-
-
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS current_state_events(
-    event_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    type TEXT NOT NULL,
-    state_key TEXT NOT NULL,
-    UNIQUE (event_id),
-    UNIQUE (room_id, type, state_key)
-);
-
-CREATE INDEX current_state_events_room_id ON current_state_events (room_id);
-CREATE INDEX current_state_events_type ON current_state_events (type);
-CREATE INDEX current_state_events_state_key ON current_state_events (state_key);
-
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS room_memberships(
-    event_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    sender TEXT NOT NULL,
-    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    membership TEXT NOT NULL,
-    UNIQUE (event_id)
-);
-
-CREATE INDEX room_memberships_room_id ON room_memberships (room_id);
-CREATE INDEX room_memberships_user_id ON room_memberships (user_id);
-
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS topics(
-    event_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    topic TEXT NOT NULL,
-    UNIQUE (event_id)
-);
-
-CREATE INDEX topics_room_id ON topics(room_id);
-
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS room_names(
-    event_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    name TEXT NOT NULL,
-    UNIQUE (event_id)
-);
-
-CREATE INDEX room_names_room_id ON room_names(room_id);
-
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS rooms(
-    room_id TEXT PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL,
-    is_public BOOL,
-    creator TEXT
-);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/16/keys.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/16/keys.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index 11cdffdbb3..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/16/keys.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
--- we used to create a table called server_tls_certificates, but this is no
--- longer used, and is removed in delta 54.
-
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS server_signature_keys(
-  server_name TEXT, -- Server name.
-  key_id TEXT, -- Key version.
-  from_server TEXT, -- Which key server the key was fetched form.
-  ts_added_ms BIGINT, -- When the key was added.
-  verify_key bytea, -- NACL verification key.
-  UNIQUE (server_name, key_id)
-);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/16/media_repository.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/16/media_repository.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index 8f3759bb2a..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/16/media_repository.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,68 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS local_media_repository (
-    media_id TEXT, -- The id used to refer to the media.
-    media_type TEXT, -- The MIME-type of the media.
-    media_length INTEGER, -- Length of the media in bytes.
-    created_ts BIGINT, -- When the content was uploaded in ms.
-    upload_name TEXT, -- The name the media was uploaded with.
-    user_id TEXT, -- The user who uploaded the file.
-    UNIQUE (media_id)
-);
-
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS local_media_repository_thumbnails (
-    media_id TEXT, -- The id used to refer to the media.
-    thumbnail_width INTEGER, -- The width of the thumbnail in pixels.
-    thumbnail_height INTEGER, -- The height of the thumbnail in pixels.
-    thumbnail_type TEXT, -- The MIME-type of the thumbnail.
-    thumbnail_method TEXT, -- The method used to make the thumbnail.
-    thumbnail_length INTEGER, -- The length of the thumbnail in bytes.
-    UNIQUE (
-        media_id, thumbnail_width, thumbnail_height, thumbnail_type
-    )
-);
-
-CREATE INDEX local_media_repository_thumbnails_media_id
-    ON local_media_repository_thumbnails (media_id);
-
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS remote_media_cache (
-    media_origin TEXT, -- The remote HS the media came from.
-    media_id TEXT, -- The id used to refer to the media on that server.
-    media_type TEXT, -- The MIME-type of the media.
-    created_ts BIGINT, -- When the content was uploaded in ms.
-    upload_name TEXT, -- The name the media was uploaded with.
-    media_length INTEGER, -- Length of the media in bytes.
-    filesystem_id TEXT, -- The name used to store the media on disk.
-    UNIQUE (media_origin, media_id)
-);
-
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS remote_media_cache_thumbnails (
-    media_origin TEXT, -- The remote HS the media came from.
-    media_id TEXT, -- The id used to refer to the media.
-    thumbnail_width INTEGER, -- The width of the thumbnail in pixels.
-    thumbnail_height INTEGER, -- The height of the thumbnail in pixels.
-    thumbnail_method TEXT, -- The method used to make the thumbnail
-    thumbnail_type TEXT, -- The MIME-type of the thumbnail.
-    thumbnail_length INTEGER, -- The length of the thumbnail in bytes.
-    filesystem_id TEXT, -- The name used to store the media on disk.
-    UNIQUE (
-        media_origin, media_id, thumbnail_width, thumbnail_height,
-        thumbnail_type
-     )
-);
-
-CREATE INDEX remote_media_cache_thumbnails_media_id
-    ON remote_media_cache_thumbnails (media_id);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/16/presence.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/16/presence.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index 01d2d8f833..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/16/presence.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,32 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS presence(
-  user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-  state VARCHAR(20),
-  status_msg TEXT,
-  mtime BIGINT, -- miliseconds since last state change
-  UNIQUE (user_id)
-);
-
--- For each of /my/ users which possibly-remote users are allowed to see their
--- presence state
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS presence_allow_inbound(
-  observed_user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-  observer_user_id TEXT NOT NULL, -- a UserID,
-  UNIQUE (observed_user_id, observer_user_id)
-);
-
--- We used to create a table called presence_list, but this is no longer used
--- and is removed in delta 54.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/16/profiles.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/16/profiles.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index c04f4747d9..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/16/profiles.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS profiles(
-    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    displayname TEXT,
-    avatar_url TEXT,
-    UNIQUE(user_id)
-);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/16/push.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/16/push.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index e44465cf45..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/16/push.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,74 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS rejections(
-    event_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    reason TEXT NOT NULL,
-    last_check TEXT NOT NULL,
-    UNIQUE (event_id)
-);
-
--- Push notification endpoints that users have configured
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS pushers (
-  id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY,
-  user_name TEXT NOT NULL,
-  access_token BIGINT DEFAULT NULL,
-  profile_tag VARCHAR(32) NOT NULL,
-  kind VARCHAR(8) NOT NULL,
-  app_id VARCHAR(64) NOT NULL,
-  app_display_name VARCHAR(64) NOT NULL,
-  device_display_name VARCHAR(128) NOT NULL,
-  pushkey bytea NOT NULL,
-  ts BIGINT NOT NULL,
-  lang VARCHAR(8),
-  data bytea,
-  last_token TEXT,
-  last_success BIGINT,
-  failing_since BIGINT,
-  UNIQUE (app_id, pushkey)
-);
-
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS push_rules (
-  id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY,
-  user_name TEXT NOT NULL,
-  rule_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-  priority_class SMALLINT NOT NULL,
-  priority INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
-  conditions TEXT NOT NULL,
-  actions TEXT NOT NULL,
-  UNIQUE(user_name, rule_id)
-);
-
-CREATE INDEX push_rules_user_name on push_rules (user_name);
-
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS user_filters(
-  user_id TEXT,
-  filter_id BIGINT,
-  filter_json bytea
-);
-
-CREATE INDEX user_filters_by_user_id_filter_id ON user_filters(
-    user_id, filter_id
-);
-
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS push_rules_enable (
-  id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY,
-  user_name TEXT NOT NULL,
-  rule_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-  enabled SMALLINT,
-  UNIQUE(user_name, rule_id)
-);
-
-CREATE INDEX push_rules_enable_user_name on push_rules_enable (user_name);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/16/redactions.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/16/redactions.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index 318f0d9aa5..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/16/redactions.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS redactions (
-    event_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    redacts TEXT NOT NULL,
-    UNIQUE (event_id)
-);
-
-CREATE INDEX redactions_event_id ON redactions (event_id);
-CREATE INDEX redactions_redacts ON redactions (redacts);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/16/room_aliases.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/16/room_aliases.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index d47da3b12f..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/16/room_aliases.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS room_aliases(
-    room_alias TEXT NOT NULL,
-    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    UNIQUE (room_alias)
-);
-
-CREATE INDEX room_aliases_id ON room_aliases(room_id);
-
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS room_alias_servers(
-    room_alias TEXT NOT NULL,
-    server TEXT NOT NULL
-);
-
-CREATE INDEX room_alias_servers_alias ON room_alias_servers(room_alias);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/16/state.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/16/state.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index 96391a8f0e..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/16/state.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,40 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS state_groups(
-    id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY,
-    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    event_id TEXT NOT NULL
-);
-
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS state_groups_state(
-    state_group BIGINT NOT NULL,
-    room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    type TEXT NOT NULL,
-    state_key TEXT NOT NULL,
-    event_id TEXT NOT NULL
-);
-
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS event_to_state_groups(
-    event_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    state_group BIGINT NOT NULL,
-    UNIQUE (event_id)
-);
-
-CREATE INDEX state_groups_id ON state_groups(id);
-
-CREATE INDEX state_groups_state_id ON state_groups_state(state_group);
-CREATE INDEX state_groups_state_tuple ON state_groups_state(room_id, type, state_key);
-CREATE INDEX event_to_state_groups_id ON event_to_state_groups(event_id);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/16/transactions.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/16/transactions.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index 17e67bedac..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/16/transactions.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,44 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
--- Stores what transaction ids we have received and what our response was
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS received_transactions(
-    transaction_id TEXT,
-    origin TEXT,
-    ts BIGINT,
-    response_code INTEGER,
-    response_json bytea,
-    has_been_referenced smallint default 0, -- Whether thishas been referenced by a prev_tx
-    UNIQUE (transaction_id, origin)
-);
-
-CREATE INDEX transactions_have_ref ON received_transactions(origin, has_been_referenced);-- WHERE has_been_referenced = 0;
-
--- For sent transactions only.
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS transaction_id_to_pdu(
-    transaction_id INTEGER,
-    destination TEXT,
-    pdu_id TEXT,
-    pdu_origin TEXT,
-    UNIQUE (transaction_id, destination)
-);
-
-CREATE INDEX transaction_id_to_pdu_dest ON transaction_id_to_pdu(destination);
-
--- To track destination health
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS destinations(
-    destination TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
-    retry_last_ts BIGINT,
-    retry_interval INTEGER
-);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/16/users.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/16/users.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index f013aa8b18..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/16/users.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,42 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS users(
-    name TEXT,
-    password_hash TEXT,
-    creation_ts BIGINT,
-    admin SMALLINT DEFAULT 0 NOT NULL,
-    UNIQUE(name)
-);
-
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS access_tokens(
-    id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY,
-    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    device_id TEXT,
-    token TEXT NOT NULL,
-    last_used BIGINT,
-    UNIQUE(token)
-);
-
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS user_ips (
-    user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    access_token TEXT NOT NULL,
-    device_id TEXT,
-    ip TEXT NOT NULL,
-    user_agent TEXT NOT NULL,
-    last_seen BIGINT NOT NULL
-);
-
-CREATE INDEX user_ips_user ON user_ips(user_id);
-CREATE INDEX user_ips_user_ip ON user_ips(user_id, access_token, ip);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/54/full.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/54/full.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1005880466
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/54/full.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+
+
+CREATE TABLE background_updates (
+    update_name text NOT NULL,
+    progress_json text NOT NULL,
+    depends_on text,
+    CONSTRAINT background_updates_uniqueness UNIQUE (update_name)
+);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/54/full.sql.postgres b/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/54/full.sql.postgres
deleted file mode 100644
index 098434356f..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/54/full.sql.postgres
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2052 +0,0 @@
-
-
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE access_tokens (
-    id bigint NOT NULL,
-    user_id text NOT NULL,
-    device_id text,
-    token text NOT NULL,
-    last_used bigint
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE account_data (
-    user_id text NOT NULL,
-    account_data_type text NOT NULL,
-    stream_id bigint NOT NULL,
-    content text NOT NULL
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE account_data_max_stream_id (
-    lock character(1) DEFAULT 'X'::bpchar NOT NULL,
-    stream_id bigint NOT NULL,
-    CONSTRAINT private_user_data_max_stream_id_lock_check CHECK ((lock = 'X'::bpchar))
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE account_validity (
-    user_id text NOT NULL,
-    expiration_ts_ms bigint NOT NULL,
-    email_sent boolean NOT NULL,
-    renewal_token text
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE application_services_state (
-    as_id text NOT NULL,
-    state character varying(5),
-    last_txn integer
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE application_services_txns (
-    as_id text NOT NULL,
-    txn_id integer NOT NULL,
-    event_ids text NOT NULL
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE appservice_room_list (
-    appservice_id text NOT NULL,
-    network_id text NOT NULL,
-    room_id text NOT NULL
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE appservice_stream_position (
-    lock character(1) DEFAULT 'X'::bpchar NOT NULL,
-    stream_ordering bigint,
-    CONSTRAINT appservice_stream_position_lock_check CHECK ((lock = 'X'::bpchar))
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE background_updates (
-    update_name text NOT NULL,
-    progress_json text NOT NULL,
-    depends_on text
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE blocked_rooms (
-    room_id text NOT NULL,
-    user_id text NOT NULL
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE cache_invalidation_stream (
-    stream_id bigint,
-    cache_func text,
-    keys text[],
-    invalidation_ts bigint
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE current_state_delta_stream (
-    stream_id bigint NOT NULL,
-    room_id text NOT NULL,
-    type text NOT NULL,
-    state_key text NOT NULL,
-    event_id text,
-    prev_event_id text
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE current_state_events (
-    event_id text NOT NULL,
-    room_id text NOT NULL,
-    type text NOT NULL,
-    state_key text NOT NULL
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE deleted_pushers (
-    stream_id bigint NOT NULL,
-    app_id text NOT NULL,
-    pushkey text NOT NULL,
-    user_id text NOT NULL
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE destinations (
-    destination text NOT NULL,
-    retry_last_ts bigint,
-    retry_interval integer
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE device_federation_inbox (
-    origin text NOT NULL,
-    message_id text NOT NULL,
-    received_ts bigint NOT NULL
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE device_federation_outbox (
-    destination text NOT NULL,
-    stream_id bigint NOT NULL,
-    queued_ts bigint NOT NULL,
-    messages_json text NOT NULL
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE device_inbox (
-    user_id text NOT NULL,
-    device_id text NOT NULL,
-    stream_id bigint NOT NULL,
-    message_json text NOT NULL
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE device_lists_outbound_last_success (
-    destination text NOT NULL,
-    user_id text NOT NULL,
-    stream_id bigint NOT NULL
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE device_lists_outbound_pokes (
-    destination text NOT NULL,
-    stream_id bigint NOT NULL,
-    user_id text NOT NULL,
-    device_id text NOT NULL,
-    sent boolean NOT NULL,
-    ts bigint NOT NULL
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE device_lists_remote_cache (
-    user_id text NOT NULL,
-    device_id text NOT NULL,
-    content text NOT NULL
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE device_lists_remote_extremeties (
-    user_id text NOT NULL,
-    stream_id text NOT NULL
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE device_lists_stream (
-    stream_id bigint NOT NULL,
-    user_id text NOT NULL,
-    device_id text NOT NULL
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE device_max_stream_id (
-    stream_id bigint NOT NULL
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE devices (
-    user_id text NOT NULL,
-    device_id text NOT NULL,
-    display_name text
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE e2e_device_keys_json (
-    user_id text NOT NULL,
-    device_id text NOT NULL,
-    ts_added_ms bigint NOT NULL,
-    key_json text NOT NULL
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE e2e_one_time_keys_json (
-    user_id text NOT NULL,
-    device_id text NOT NULL,
-    algorithm text NOT NULL,
-    key_id text NOT NULL,
-    ts_added_ms bigint NOT NULL,
-    key_json text NOT NULL
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE e2e_room_keys (
-    user_id text NOT NULL,
-    room_id text NOT NULL,
-    session_id text NOT NULL,
-    version bigint NOT NULL,
-    first_message_index integer,
-    forwarded_count integer,
-    is_verified boolean,
-    session_data text NOT NULL
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE e2e_room_keys_versions (
-    user_id text NOT NULL,
-    version bigint NOT NULL,
-    algorithm text NOT NULL,
-    auth_data text NOT NULL,
-    deleted smallint DEFAULT 0 NOT NULL
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE erased_users (
-    user_id text NOT NULL
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE event_auth (
-    event_id text NOT NULL,
-    auth_id text NOT NULL,
-    room_id text NOT NULL
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE event_backward_extremities (
-    event_id text NOT NULL,
-    room_id text NOT NULL
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE event_edges (
-    event_id text NOT NULL,
-    prev_event_id text NOT NULL,
-    room_id text NOT NULL,
-    is_state boolean NOT NULL
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE event_forward_extremities (
-    event_id text NOT NULL,
-    room_id text NOT NULL
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE event_json (
-    event_id text NOT NULL,
-    room_id text NOT NULL,
-    internal_metadata text NOT NULL,
-    json text NOT NULL,
-    format_version integer
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE event_push_actions (
-    room_id text NOT NULL,
-    event_id text NOT NULL,
-    user_id text NOT NULL,
-    profile_tag character varying(32),
-    actions text NOT NULL,
-    topological_ordering bigint,
-    stream_ordering bigint,
-    notif smallint,
-    highlight smallint
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE event_push_actions_staging (
-    event_id text NOT NULL,
-    user_id text NOT NULL,
-    actions text NOT NULL,
-    notif smallint NOT NULL,
-    highlight smallint NOT NULL
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE event_push_summary (
-    user_id text NOT NULL,
-    room_id text NOT NULL,
-    notif_count bigint NOT NULL,
-    stream_ordering bigint NOT NULL
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE event_push_summary_stream_ordering (
-    lock character(1) DEFAULT 'X'::bpchar NOT NULL,
-    stream_ordering bigint NOT NULL,
-    CONSTRAINT event_push_summary_stream_ordering_lock_check CHECK ((lock = 'X'::bpchar))
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE event_reference_hashes (
-    event_id text,
-    algorithm text,
-    hash bytea
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE event_relations (
-    event_id text NOT NULL,
-    relates_to_id text NOT NULL,
-    relation_type text NOT NULL,
-    aggregation_key text
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE event_reports (
-    id bigint NOT NULL,
-    received_ts bigint NOT NULL,
-    room_id text NOT NULL,
-    event_id text NOT NULL,
-    user_id text NOT NULL,
-    reason text,
-    content text
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE event_search (
-    event_id text,
-    room_id text,
-    sender text,
-    key text,
-    vector tsvector,
-    origin_server_ts bigint,
-    stream_ordering bigint
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE event_to_state_groups (
-    event_id text NOT NULL,
-    state_group bigint NOT NULL
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE events (
-    stream_ordering integer NOT NULL,
-    topological_ordering bigint NOT NULL,
-    event_id text NOT NULL,
-    type text NOT NULL,
-    room_id text NOT NULL,
-    content text,
-    unrecognized_keys text,
-    processed boolean NOT NULL,
-    outlier boolean NOT NULL,
-    depth bigint DEFAULT 0 NOT NULL,
-    origin_server_ts bigint,
-    received_ts bigint,
-    sender text,
-    contains_url boolean
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE ex_outlier_stream (
-    event_stream_ordering bigint NOT NULL,
-    event_id text NOT NULL,
-    state_group bigint NOT NULL
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE federation_stream_position (
-    type text NOT NULL,
-    stream_id integer NOT NULL
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE group_attestations_remote (
-    group_id text NOT NULL,
-    user_id text NOT NULL,
-    valid_until_ms bigint NOT NULL,
-    attestation_json text NOT NULL
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE group_attestations_renewals (
-    group_id text NOT NULL,
-    user_id text NOT NULL,
-    valid_until_ms bigint NOT NULL
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE group_invites (
-    group_id text NOT NULL,
-    user_id text NOT NULL
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE group_roles (
-    group_id text NOT NULL,
-    role_id text NOT NULL,
-    profile text NOT NULL,
-    is_public boolean NOT NULL
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE group_room_categories (
-    group_id text NOT NULL,
-    category_id text NOT NULL,
-    profile text NOT NULL,
-    is_public boolean NOT NULL
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE group_rooms (
-    group_id text NOT NULL,
-    room_id text NOT NULL,
-    is_public boolean NOT NULL
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE group_summary_roles (
-    group_id text NOT NULL,
-    role_id text NOT NULL,
-    role_order bigint NOT NULL,
-    CONSTRAINT group_summary_roles_role_order_check CHECK ((role_order > 0))
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE group_summary_room_categories (
-    group_id text NOT NULL,
-    category_id text NOT NULL,
-    cat_order bigint NOT NULL,
-    CONSTRAINT group_summary_room_categories_cat_order_check CHECK ((cat_order > 0))
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE group_summary_rooms (
-    group_id text NOT NULL,
-    room_id text NOT NULL,
-    category_id text NOT NULL,
-    room_order bigint NOT NULL,
-    is_public boolean NOT NULL,
-    CONSTRAINT group_summary_rooms_room_order_check CHECK ((room_order > 0))
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE group_summary_users (
-    group_id text NOT NULL,
-    user_id text NOT NULL,
-    role_id text NOT NULL,
-    user_order bigint NOT NULL,
-    is_public boolean NOT NULL
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE group_users (
-    group_id text NOT NULL,
-    user_id text NOT NULL,
-    is_admin boolean NOT NULL,
-    is_public boolean NOT NULL
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE groups (
-    group_id text NOT NULL,
-    name text,
-    avatar_url text,
-    short_description text,
-    long_description text,
-    is_public boolean NOT NULL,
-    join_policy text DEFAULT 'invite'::text NOT NULL
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE guest_access (
-    event_id text NOT NULL,
-    room_id text NOT NULL,
-    guest_access text NOT NULL
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE history_visibility (
-    event_id text NOT NULL,
-    room_id text NOT NULL,
-    history_visibility text NOT NULL
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE local_group_membership (
-    group_id text NOT NULL,
-    user_id text NOT NULL,
-    is_admin boolean NOT NULL,
-    membership text NOT NULL,
-    is_publicised boolean NOT NULL,
-    content text NOT NULL
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE local_group_updates (
-    stream_id bigint NOT NULL,
-    group_id text NOT NULL,
-    user_id text NOT NULL,
-    type text NOT NULL,
-    content text NOT NULL
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE local_invites (
-    stream_id bigint NOT NULL,
-    inviter text NOT NULL,
-    invitee text NOT NULL,
-    event_id text NOT NULL,
-    room_id text NOT NULL,
-    locally_rejected text,
-    replaced_by text
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE local_media_repository (
-    media_id text,
-    media_type text,
-    media_length integer,
-    created_ts bigint,
-    upload_name text,
-    user_id text,
-    quarantined_by text,
-    url_cache text,
-    last_access_ts bigint
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE local_media_repository_thumbnails (
-    media_id text,
-    thumbnail_width integer,
-    thumbnail_height integer,
-    thumbnail_type text,
-    thumbnail_method text,
-    thumbnail_length integer
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE local_media_repository_url_cache (
-    url text,
-    response_code integer,
-    etag text,
-    expires_ts bigint,
-    og text,
-    media_id text,
-    download_ts bigint
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE monthly_active_users (
-    user_id text NOT NULL,
-    "timestamp" bigint NOT NULL
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE open_id_tokens (
-    token text NOT NULL,
-    ts_valid_until_ms bigint NOT NULL,
-    user_id text NOT NULL
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE presence (
-    user_id text NOT NULL,
-    state character varying(20),
-    status_msg text,
-    mtime bigint
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE presence_allow_inbound (
-    observed_user_id text NOT NULL,
-    observer_user_id text NOT NULL
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE presence_stream (
-    stream_id bigint,
-    user_id text,
-    state text,
-    last_active_ts bigint,
-    last_federation_update_ts bigint,
-    last_user_sync_ts bigint,
-    status_msg text,
-    currently_active boolean
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE profiles (
-    user_id text NOT NULL,
-    displayname text,
-    avatar_url text
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE public_room_list_stream (
-    stream_id bigint NOT NULL,
-    room_id text NOT NULL,
-    visibility boolean NOT NULL,
-    appservice_id text,
-    network_id text
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE push_rules (
-    id bigint NOT NULL,
-    user_name text NOT NULL,
-    rule_id text NOT NULL,
-    priority_class smallint NOT NULL,
-    priority integer DEFAULT 0 NOT NULL,
-    conditions text NOT NULL,
-    actions text NOT NULL
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE push_rules_enable (
-    id bigint NOT NULL,
-    user_name text NOT NULL,
-    rule_id text NOT NULL,
-    enabled smallint
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE push_rules_stream (
-    stream_id bigint NOT NULL,
-    event_stream_ordering bigint NOT NULL,
-    user_id text NOT NULL,
-    rule_id text NOT NULL,
-    op text NOT NULL,
-    priority_class smallint,
-    priority integer,
-    conditions text,
-    actions text
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE pusher_throttle (
-    pusher bigint NOT NULL,
-    room_id text NOT NULL,
-    last_sent_ts bigint,
-    throttle_ms bigint
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE pushers (
-    id bigint NOT NULL,
-    user_name text NOT NULL,
-    access_token bigint,
-    profile_tag text NOT NULL,
-    kind text NOT NULL,
-    app_id text NOT NULL,
-    app_display_name text NOT NULL,
-    device_display_name text NOT NULL,
-    pushkey text NOT NULL,
-    ts bigint NOT NULL,
-    lang text,
-    data text,
-    last_stream_ordering integer,
-    last_success bigint,
-    failing_since bigint
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE ratelimit_override (
-    user_id text NOT NULL,
-    messages_per_second bigint,
-    burst_count bigint
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE receipts_graph (
-    room_id text NOT NULL,
-    receipt_type text NOT NULL,
-    user_id text NOT NULL,
-    event_ids text NOT NULL,
-    data text NOT NULL
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE receipts_linearized (
-    stream_id bigint NOT NULL,
-    room_id text NOT NULL,
-    receipt_type text NOT NULL,
-    user_id text NOT NULL,
-    event_id text NOT NULL,
-    data text NOT NULL
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE received_transactions (
-    transaction_id text,
-    origin text,
-    ts bigint,
-    response_code integer,
-    response_json bytea,
-    has_been_referenced smallint DEFAULT 0
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE redactions (
-    event_id text NOT NULL,
-    redacts text NOT NULL
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE rejections (
-    event_id text NOT NULL,
-    reason text NOT NULL,
-    last_check text NOT NULL
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE remote_media_cache (
-    media_origin text,
-    media_id text,
-    media_type text,
-    created_ts bigint,
-    upload_name text,
-    media_length integer,
-    filesystem_id text,
-    last_access_ts bigint,
-    quarantined_by text
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE remote_media_cache_thumbnails (
-    media_origin text,
-    media_id text,
-    thumbnail_width integer,
-    thumbnail_height integer,
-    thumbnail_method text,
-    thumbnail_type text,
-    thumbnail_length integer,
-    filesystem_id text
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE remote_profile_cache (
-    user_id text NOT NULL,
-    displayname text,
-    avatar_url text,
-    last_check bigint NOT NULL
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE room_account_data (
-    user_id text NOT NULL,
-    room_id text NOT NULL,
-    account_data_type text NOT NULL,
-    stream_id bigint NOT NULL,
-    content text NOT NULL
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE room_alias_servers (
-    room_alias text NOT NULL,
-    server text NOT NULL
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE room_aliases (
-    room_alias text NOT NULL,
-    room_id text NOT NULL,
-    creator text
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE room_depth (
-    room_id text NOT NULL,
-    min_depth integer NOT NULL
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE room_memberships (
-    event_id text NOT NULL,
-    user_id text NOT NULL,
-    sender text NOT NULL,
-    room_id text NOT NULL,
-    membership text NOT NULL,
-    forgotten integer DEFAULT 0,
-    display_name text,
-    avatar_url text
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE room_names (
-    event_id text NOT NULL,
-    room_id text NOT NULL,
-    name text NOT NULL
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE room_state (
-    room_id text NOT NULL,
-    join_rules text,
-    history_visibility text,
-    encryption text,
-    name text,
-    topic text,
-    avatar text,
-    canonical_alias text
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE room_stats (
-    room_id text NOT NULL,
-    ts bigint NOT NULL,
-    bucket_size integer NOT NULL,
-    current_state_events integer NOT NULL,
-    joined_members integer NOT NULL,
-    invited_members integer NOT NULL,
-    left_members integer NOT NULL,
-    banned_members integer NOT NULL,
-    state_events integer NOT NULL
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE room_stats_earliest_token (
-    room_id text NOT NULL,
-    token bigint NOT NULL
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE room_tags (
-    user_id text NOT NULL,
-    room_id text NOT NULL,
-    tag text NOT NULL,
-    content text NOT NULL
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE room_tags_revisions (
-    user_id text NOT NULL,
-    room_id text NOT NULL,
-    stream_id bigint NOT NULL
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE rooms (
-    room_id text NOT NULL,
-    is_public boolean,
-    creator text
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE server_keys_json (
-    server_name text NOT NULL,
-    key_id text NOT NULL,
-    from_server text NOT NULL,
-    ts_added_ms bigint NOT NULL,
-    ts_valid_until_ms bigint NOT NULL,
-    key_json bytea NOT NULL
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE server_signature_keys (
-    server_name text,
-    key_id text,
-    from_server text,
-    ts_added_ms bigint,
-    verify_key bytea,
-    ts_valid_until_ms bigint
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE state_events (
-    event_id text NOT NULL,
-    room_id text NOT NULL,
-    type text NOT NULL,
-    state_key text NOT NULL,
-    prev_state text
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE state_group_edges (
-    state_group bigint NOT NULL,
-    prev_state_group bigint NOT NULL
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE SEQUENCE state_group_id_seq
-    START WITH 1
-    INCREMENT BY 1
-    NO MINVALUE
-    NO MAXVALUE
-    CACHE 1;
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE state_groups (
-    id bigint NOT NULL,
-    room_id text NOT NULL,
-    event_id text NOT NULL
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE state_groups_state (
-    state_group bigint NOT NULL,
-    room_id text NOT NULL,
-    type text NOT NULL,
-    state_key text NOT NULL,
-    event_id text NOT NULL
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE stats_stream_pos (
-    lock character(1) DEFAULT 'X'::bpchar NOT NULL,
-    stream_id bigint,
-    CONSTRAINT stats_stream_pos_lock_check CHECK ((lock = 'X'::bpchar))
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE stream_ordering_to_exterm (
-    stream_ordering bigint NOT NULL,
-    room_id text NOT NULL,
-    event_id text NOT NULL
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE threepid_guest_access_tokens (
-    medium text,
-    address text,
-    guest_access_token text,
-    first_inviter text
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE topics (
-    event_id text NOT NULL,
-    room_id text NOT NULL,
-    topic text NOT NULL
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE user_daily_visits (
-    user_id text NOT NULL,
-    device_id text,
-    "timestamp" bigint NOT NULL
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE user_directory (
-    user_id text NOT NULL,
-    room_id text,
-    display_name text,
-    avatar_url text
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE user_directory_search (
-    user_id text NOT NULL,
-    vector tsvector
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE user_directory_stream_pos (
-    lock character(1) DEFAULT 'X'::bpchar NOT NULL,
-    stream_id bigint,
-    CONSTRAINT user_directory_stream_pos_lock_check CHECK ((lock = 'X'::bpchar))
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE user_filters (
-    user_id text,
-    filter_id bigint,
-    filter_json bytea
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE user_ips (
-    user_id text NOT NULL,
-    access_token text NOT NULL,
-    device_id text,
-    ip text NOT NULL,
-    user_agent text NOT NULL,
-    last_seen bigint NOT NULL
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE user_stats (
-    user_id text NOT NULL,
-    ts bigint NOT NULL,
-    bucket_size integer NOT NULL,
-    public_rooms integer NOT NULL,
-    private_rooms integer NOT NULL
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE user_threepid_id_server (
-    user_id text NOT NULL,
-    medium text NOT NULL,
-    address text NOT NULL,
-    id_server text NOT NULL
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE user_threepids (
-    user_id text NOT NULL,
-    medium text NOT NULL,
-    address text NOT NULL,
-    validated_at bigint NOT NULL,
-    added_at bigint NOT NULL
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE users (
-    name text,
-    password_hash text,
-    creation_ts bigint,
-    admin smallint DEFAULT 0 NOT NULL,
-    upgrade_ts bigint,
-    is_guest smallint DEFAULT 0 NOT NULL,
-    appservice_id text,
-    consent_version text,
-    consent_server_notice_sent text,
-    user_type text
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE users_in_public_rooms (
-    user_id text NOT NULL,
-    room_id text NOT NULL
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE users_pending_deactivation (
-    user_id text NOT NULL
-);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE users_who_share_private_rooms (
-    user_id text NOT NULL,
-    other_user_id text NOT NULL,
-    room_id text NOT NULL
-);
-
-
-
-ALTER TABLE ONLY access_tokens
-    ADD CONSTRAINT access_tokens_pkey PRIMARY KEY (id);
-
-
-
-ALTER TABLE ONLY access_tokens
-    ADD CONSTRAINT access_tokens_token_key UNIQUE (token);
-
-
-
-ALTER TABLE ONLY account_data
-    ADD CONSTRAINT account_data_uniqueness UNIQUE (user_id, account_data_type);
-
-
-
-ALTER TABLE ONLY account_validity
-    ADD CONSTRAINT account_validity_pkey PRIMARY KEY (user_id);
-
-
-
-ALTER TABLE ONLY application_services_state
-    ADD CONSTRAINT application_services_state_pkey PRIMARY KEY (as_id);
-
-
-
-ALTER TABLE ONLY application_services_txns
-    ADD CONSTRAINT application_services_txns_as_id_txn_id_key UNIQUE (as_id, txn_id);
-
-
-
-ALTER TABLE ONLY appservice_stream_position
-    ADD CONSTRAINT appservice_stream_position_lock_key UNIQUE (lock);
-
-
-
-ALTER TABLE ONLY background_updates
-    ADD CONSTRAINT background_updates_uniqueness UNIQUE (update_name);
-
-
-
-ALTER TABLE ONLY current_state_events
-    ADD CONSTRAINT current_state_events_event_id_key UNIQUE (event_id);
-
-
-
-ALTER TABLE ONLY current_state_events
-    ADD CONSTRAINT current_state_events_room_id_type_state_key_key UNIQUE (room_id, type, state_key);
-
-
-
-ALTER TABLE ONLY destinations
-    ADD CONSTRAINT destinations_pkey PRIMARY KEY (destination);
-
-
-
-ALTER TABLE ONLY devices
-    ADD CONSTRAINT device_uniqueness UNIQUE (user_id, device_id);
-
-
-
-ALTER TABLE ONLY e2e_device_keys_json
-    ADD CONSTRAINT e2e_device_keys_json_uniqueness UNIQUE (user_id, device_id);
-
-
-
-ALTER TABLE ONLY e2e_one_time_keys_json
-    ADD CONSTRAINT e2e_one_time_keys_json_uniqueness UNIQUE (user_id, device_id, algorithm, key_id);
-
-
-
-ALTER TABLE ONLY event_backward_extremities
-    ADD CONSTRAINT event_backward_extremities_event_id_room_id_key UNIQUE (event_id, room_id);
-
-
-
-ALTER TABLE ONLY event_edges
-    ADD CONSTRAINT event_edges_event_id_prev_event_id_room_id_is_state_key UNIQUE (event_id, prev_event_id, room_id, is_state);
-
-
-
-ALTER TABLE ONLY event_forward_extremities
-    ADD CONSTRAINT event_forward_extremities_event_id_room_id_key UNIQUE (event_id, room_id);
-
-
-
-ALTER TABLE ONLY event_push_actions
-    ADD CONSTRAINT event_id_user_id_profile_tag_uniqueness UNIQUE (room_id, event_id, user_id, profile_tag);
-
-
-
-ALTER TABLE ONLY event_json
-    ADD CONSTRAINT event_json_event_id_key UNIQUE (event_id);
-
-
-
-ALTER TABLE ONLY event_push_summary_stream_ordering
-    ADD CONSTRAINT event_push_summary_stream_ordering_lock_key UNIQUE (lock);
-
-
-
-ALTER TABLE ONLY event_reference_hashes
-    ADD CONSTRAINT event_reference_hashes_event_id_algorithm_key UNIQUE (event_id, algorithm);
-
-
-
-ALTER TABLE ONLY event_reports
-    ADD CONSTRAINT event_reports_pkey PRIMARY KEY (id);
-
-
-
-ALTER TABLE ONLY event_to_state_groups
-    ADD CONSTRAINT event_to_state_groups_event_id_key UNIQUE (event_id);
-
-
-
-ALTER TABLE ONLY events
-    ADD CONSTRAINT events_event_id_key UNIQUE (event_id);
-
-
-
-ALTER TABLE ONLY events
-    ADD CONSTRAINT events_pkey PRIMARY KEY (stream_ordering);
-
-
-
-ALTER TABLE ONLY ex_outlier_stream
-    ADD CONSTRAINT ex_outlier_stream_pkey PRIMARY KEY (event_stream_ordering);
-
-
-
-ALTER TABLE ONLY group_roles
-    ADD CONSTRAINT group_roles_group_id_role_id_key UNIQUE (group_id, role_id);
-
-
-
-ALTER TABLE ONLY group_room_categories
-    ADD CONSTRAINT group_room_categories_group_id_category_id_key UNIQUE (group_id, category_id);
-
-
-
-ALTER TABLE ONLY group_summary_roles
-    ADD CONSTRAINT group_summary_roles_group_id_role_id_role_order_key UNIQUE (group_id, role_id, role_order);
-
-
-
-ALTER TABLE ONLY group_summary_room_categories
-    ADD CONSTRAINT group_summary_room_categories_group_id_category_id_cat_orde_key UNIQUE (group_id, category_id, cat_order);
-
-
-
-ALTER TABLE ONLY group_summary_rooms
-    ADD CONSTRAINT group_summary_rooms_group_id_category_id_room_id_room_order_key UNIQUE (group_id, category_id, room_id, room_order);
-
-
-
-ALTER TABLE ONLY guest_access
-    ADD CONSTRAINT guest_access_event_id_key UNIQUE (event_id);
-
-
-
-ALTER TABLE ONLY history_visibility
-    ADD CONSTRAINT history_visibility_event_id_key UNIQUE (event_id);
-
-
-
-ALTER TABLE ONLY local_media_repository
-    ADD CONSTRAINT local_media_repository_media_id_key UNIQUE (media_id);
-
-
-
-ALTER TABLE ONLY local_media_repository_thumbnails
-    ADD CONSTRAINT local_media_repository_thumbn_media_id_thumbnail_width_thum_key UNIQUE (media_id, thumbnail_width, thumbnail_height, thumbnail_type);
-
-
-
-ALTER TABLE ONLY user_threepids
-    ADD CONSTRAINT medium_address UNIQUE (medium, address);
-
-
-
-ALTER TABLE ONLY open_id_tokens
-    ADD CONSTRAINT open_id_tokens_pkey PRIMARY KEY (token);
-
-
-
-ALTER TABLE ONLY presence_allow_inbound
-    ADD CONSTRAINT presence_allow_inbound_observed_user_id_observer_user_id_key UNIQUE (observed_user_id, observer_user_id);
-
-
-
-ALTER TABLE ONLY presence
-    ADD CONSTRAINT presence_user_id_key UNIQUE (user_id);
-
-
-
-ALTER TABLE ONLY account_data_max_stream_id
-    ADD CONSTRAINT private_user_data_max_stream_id_lock_key UNIQUE (lock);
-
-
-
-ALTER TABLE ONLY profiles
-    ADD CONSTRAINT profiles_user_id_key UNIQUE (user_id);
-
-
-
-ALTER TABLE ONLY push_rules_enable
-    ADD CONSTRAINT push_rules_enable_pkey PRIMARY KEY (id);
-
-
-
-ALTER TABLE ONLY push_rules_enable
-    ADD CONSTRAINT push_rules_enable_user_name_rule_id_key UNIQUE (user_name, rule_id);
-
-
-
-ALTER TABLE ONLY push_rules
-    ADD CONSTRAINT push_rules_pkey PRIMARY KEY (id);
-
-
-
-ALTER TABLE ONLY push_rules
-    ADD CONSTRAINT push_rules_user_name_rule_id_key UNIQUE (user_name, rule_id);
-
-
-
-ALTER TABLE ONLY pusher_throttle
-    ADD CONSTRAINT pusher_throttle_pkey PRIMARY KEY (pusher, room_id);
-
-
-
-ALTER TABLE ONLY pushers
-    ADD CONSTRAINT pushers2_app_id_pushkey_user_name_key UNIQUE (app_id, pushkey, user_name);
-
-
-
-ALTER TABLE ONLY pushers
-    ADD CONSTRAINT pushers2_pkey PRIMARY KEY (id);
-
-
-
-ALTER TABLE ONLY receipts_graph
-    ADD CONSTRAINT receipts_graph_uniqueness UNIQUE (room_id, receipt_type, user_id);
-
-
-
-ALTER TABLE ONLY receipts_linearized
-    ADD CONSTRAINT receipts_linearized_uniqueness UNIQUE (room_id, receipt_type, user_id);
-
-
-
-ALTER TABLE ONLY received_transactions
-    ADD CONSTRAINT received_transactions_transaction_id_origin_key UNIQUE (transaction_id, origin);
-
-
-
-ALTER TABLE ONLY redactions
-    ADD CONSTRAINT redactions_event_id_key UNIQUE (event_id);
-
-
-
-ALTER TABLE ONLY rejections
-    ADD CONSTRAINT rejections_event_id_key UNIQUE (event_id);
-
-
-
-ALTER TABLE ONLY remote_media_cache
-    ADD CONSTRAINT remote_media_cache_media_origin_media_id_key UNIQUE (media_origin, media_id);
-
-
-
-ALTER TABLE ONLY remote_media_cache_thumbnails
-    ADD CONSTRAINT remote_media_cache_thumbnails_media_origin_media_id_thumbna_key UNIQUE (media_origin, media_id, thumbnail_width, thumbnail_height, thumbnail_type);
-
-
-
-ALTER TABLE ONLY room_account_data
-    ADD CONSTRAINT room_account_data_uniqueness UNIQUE (user_id, room_id, account_data_type);
-
-
-
-ALTER TABLE ONLY room_aliases
-    ADD CONSTRAINT room_aliases_room_alias_key UNIQUE (room_alias);
-
-
-
-ALTER TABLE ONLY room_depth
-    ADD CONSTRAINT room_depth_room_id_key UNIQUE (room_id);
-
-
-
-ALTER TABLE ONLY room_memberships
-    ADD CONSTRAINT room_memberships_event_id_key UNIQUE (event_id);
-
-
-
-ALTER TABLE ONLY room_names
-    ADD CONSTRAINT room_names_event_id_key UNIQUE (event_id);
-
-
-
-ALTER TABLE ONLY room_tags_revisions
-    ADD CONSTRAINT room_tag_revisions_uniqueness UNIQUE (user_id, room_id);
-
-
-
-ALTER TABLE ONLY room_tags
-    ADD CONSTRAINT room_tag_uniqueness UNIQUE (user_id, room_id, tag);
-
-
-
-ALTER TABLE ONLY rooms
-    ADD CONSTRAINT rooms_pkey PRIMARY KEY (room_id);
-
-
-
-ALTER TABLE ONLY server_keys_json
-    ADD CONSTRAINT server_keys_json_uniqueness UNIQUE (server_name, key_id, from_server);
-
-
-
-ALTER TABLE ONLY server_signature_keys
-    ADD CONSTRAINT server_signature_keys_server_name_key_id_key UNIQUE (server_name, key_id);
-
-
-
-ALTER TABLE ONLY state_events
-    ADD CONSTRAINT state_events_event_id_key UNIQUE (event_id);
-
-
-
-ALTER TABLE ONLY state_groups
-    ADD CONSTRAINT state_groups_pkey PRIMARY KEY (id);
-
-
-
-ALTER TABLE ONLY stats_stream_pos
-    ADD CONSTRAINT stats_stream_pos_lock_key UNIQUE (lock);
-
-
-
-ALTER TABLE ONLY topics
-    ADD CONSTRAINT topics_event_id_key UNIQUE (event_id);
-
-
-
-ALTER TABLE ONLY user_directory_stream_pos
-    ADD CONSTRAINT user_directory_stream_pos_lock_key UNIQUE (lock);
-
-
-
-ALTER TABLE ONLY users
-    ADD CONSTRAINT users_name_key UNIQUE (name);
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX access_tokens_device_id ON access_tokens USING btree (user_id, device_id);
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX account_data_stream_id ON account_data USING btree (user_id, stream_id);
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX application_services_txns_id ON application_services_txns USING btree (as_id);
-
-
-
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX appservice_room_list_idx ON appservice_room_list USING btree (appservice_id, network_id, room_id);
-
-
-
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX blocked_rooms_idx ON blocked_rooms USING btree (room_id);
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX cache_invalidation_stream_id ON cache_invalidation_stream USING btree (stream_id);
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX current_state_delta_stream_idx ON current_state_delta_stream USING btree (stream_id);
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX current_state_events_member_index ON current_state_events USING btree (state_key) WHERE (type = 'm.room.member'::text);
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX deleted_pushers_stream_id ON deleted_pushers USING btree (stream_id);
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX device_federation_inbox_sender_id ON device_federation_inbox USING btree (origin, message_id);
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX device_federation_outbox_destination_id ON device_federation_outbox USING btree (destination, stream_id);
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX device_federation_outbox_id ON device_federation_outbox USING btree (stream_id);
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX device_inbox_stream_id_user_id ON device_inbox USING btree (stream_id, user_id);
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX device_inbox_user_stream_id ON device_inbox USING btree (user_id, device_id, stream_id);
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX device_lists_outbound_last_success_idx ON device_lists_outbound_last_success USING btree (destination, user_id, stream_id);
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX device_lists_outbound_pokes_id ON device_lists_outbound_pokes USING btree (destination, stream_id);
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX device_lists_outbound_pokes_stream ON device_lists_outbound_pokes USING btree (stream_id);
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX device_lists_outbound_pokes_user ON device_lists_outbound_pokes USING btree (destination, user_id);
-
-
-
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX device_lists_remote_cache_unique_id ON device_lists_remote_cache USING btree (user_id, device_id);
-
-
-
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX device_lists_remote_extremeties_unique_idx ON device_lists_remote_extremeties USING btree (user_id);
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX device_lists_stream_id ON device_lists_stream USING btree (stream_id, user_id);
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX device_lists_stream_user_id ON device_lists_stream USING btree (user_id, device_id);
-
-
-
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX e2e_room_keys_idx ON e2e_room_keys USING btree (user_id, room_id, session_id);
-
-
-
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX e2e_room_keys_versions_idx ON e2e_room_keys_versions USING btree (user_id, version);
-
-
-
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX erased_users_user ON erased_users USING btree (user_id);
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX ev_b_extrem_id ON event_backward_extremities USING btree (event_id);
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX ev_b_extrem_room ON event_backward_extremities USING btree (room_id);
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX ev_edges_id ON event_edges USING btree (event_id);
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX ev_edges_prev_id ON event_edges USING btree (prev_event_id);
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX ev_extrem_id ON event_forward_extremities USING btree (event_id);
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX ev_extrem_room ON event_forward_extremities USING btree (room_id);
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX evauth_edges_id ON event_auth USING btree (event_id);
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX event_contains_url_index ON events USING btree (room_id, topological_ordering, stream_ordering) WHERE ((contains_url = true) AND (outlier = false));
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX event_json_room_id ON event_json USING btree (room_id);
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX event_push_actions_highlights_index ON event_push_actions USING btree (user_id, room_id, topological_ordering, stream_ordering) WHERE (highlight = 1);
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX event_push_actions_rm_tokens ON event_push_actions USING btree (user_id, room_id, topological_ordering, stream_ordering);
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX event_push_actions_room_id_user_id ON event_push_actions USING btree (room_id, user_id);
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX event_push_actions_staging_id ON event_push_actions_staging USING btree (event_id);
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX event_push_actions_stream_ordering ON event_push_actions USING btree (stream_ordering, user_id);
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX event_push_actions_u_highlight ON event_push_actions USING btree (user_id, stream_ordering);
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX event_push_summary_user_rm ON event_push_summary USING btree (user_id, room_id);
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX event_reference_hashes_id ON event_reference_hashes USING btree (event_id);
-
-
-
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX event_relations_id ON event_relations USING btree (event_id);
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX event_relations_relates ON event_relations USING btree (relates_to_id, relation_type, aggregation_key);
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX event_search_ev_ridx ON event_search USING btree (room_id);
-
-
-
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX event_search_event_id_idx ON event_search USING btree (event_id);
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX event_search_fts_idx ON event_search USING gin (vector);
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX event_to_state_groups_sg_index ON event_to_state_groups USING btree (state_group);
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX events_order_room ON events USING btree (room_id, topological_ordering, stream_ordering);
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX events_room_stream ON events USING btree (room_id, stream_ordering);
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX events_ts ON events USING btree (origin_server_ts, stream_ordering);
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX group_attestations_remote_g_idx ON group_attestations_remote USING btree (group_id, user_id);
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX group_attestations_remote_u_idx ON group_attestations_remote USING btree (user_id);
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX group_attestations_remote_v_idx ON group_attestations_remote USING btree (valid_until_ms);
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX group_attestations_renewals_g_idx ON group_attestations_renewals USING btree (group_id, user_id);
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX group_attestations_renewals_u_idx ON group_attestations_renewals USING btree (user_id);
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX group_attestations_renewals_v_idx ON group_attestations_renewals USING btree (valid_until_ms);
-
-
-
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX group_invites_g_idx ON group_invites USING btree (group_id, user_id);
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX group_invites_u_idx ON group_invites USING btree (user_id);
-
-
-
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX group_rooms_g_idx ON group_rooms USING btree (group_id, room_id);
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX group_rooms_r_idx ON group_rooms USING btree (room_id);
-
-
-
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX group_summary_rooms_g_idx ON group_summary_rooms USING btree (group_id, room_id, category_id);
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX group_summary_users_g_idx ON group_summary_users USING btree (group_id);
-
-
-
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX group_users_g_idx ON group_users USING btree (group_id, user_id);
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX group_users_u_idx ON group_users USING btree (user_id);
-
-
-
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX groups_idx ON groups USING btree (group_id);
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX local_group_membership_g_idx ON local_group_membership USING btree (group_id);
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX local_group_membership_u_idx ON local_group_membership USING btree (user_id, group_id);
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX local_invites_for_user_idx ON local_invites USING btree (invitee, locally_rejected, replaced_by, room_id);
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX local_invites_id ON local_invites USING btree (stream_id);
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX local_media_repository_thumbnails_media_id ON local_media_repository_thumbnails USING btree (media_id);
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX local_media_repository_url_cache_by_url_download_ts ON local_media_repository_url_cache USING btree (url, download_ts);
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX local_media_repository_url_cache_expires_idx ON local_media_repository_url_cache USING btree (expires_ts);
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX local_media_repository_url_cache_media_idx ON local_media_repository_url_cache USING btree (media_id);
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX local_media_repository_url_idx ON local_media_repository USING btree (created_ts) WHERE (url_cache IS NOT NULL);
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX monthly_active_users_time_stamp ON monthly_active_users USING btree ("timestamp");
-
-
-
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX monthly_active_users_users ON monthly_active_users USING btree (user_id);
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX open_id_tokens_ts_valid_until_ms ON open_id_tokens USING btree (ts_valid_until_ms);
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX presence_stream_id ON presence_stream USING btree (stream_id, user_id);
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX presence_stream_user_id ON presence_stream USING btree (user_id);
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX public_room_index ON rooms USING btree (is_public);
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX public_room_list_stream_idx ON public_room_list_stream USING btree (stream_id);
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX public_room_list_stream_rm_idx ON public_room_list_stream USING btree (room_id, stream_id);
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX push_rules_enable_user_name ON push_rules_enable USING btree (user_name);
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX push_rules_stream_id ON push_rules_stream USING btree (stream_id);
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX push_rules_stream_user_stream_id ON push_rules_stream USING btree (user_id, stream_id);
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX push_rules_user_name ON push_rules USING btree (user_name);
-
-
-
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX ratelimit_override_idx ON ratelimit_override USING btree (user_id);
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX receipts_linearized_id ON receipts_linearized USING btree (stream_id);
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX receipts_linearized_room_stream ON receipts_linearized USING btree (room_id, stream_id);
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX receipts_linearized_user ON receipts_linearized USING btree (user_id);
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX received_transactions_ts ON received_transactions USING btree (ts);
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX redactions_redacts ON redactions USING btree (redacts);
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX remote_profile_cache_time ON remote_profile_cache USING btree (last_check);
-
-
-
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX remote_profile_cache_user_id ON remote_profile_cache USING btree (user_id);
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX room_account_data_stream_id ON room_account_data USING btree (user_id, stream_id);
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX room_alias_servers_alias ON room_alias_servers USING btree (room_alias);
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX room_aliases_id ON room_aliases USING btree (room_id);
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX room_depth_room ON room_depth USING btree (room_id);
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX room_memberships_room_id ON room_memberships USING btree (room_id);
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX room_memberships_user_id ON room_memberships USING btree (user_id);
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX room_names_room_id ON room_names USING btree (room_id);
-
-
-
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX room_state_room ON room_state USING btree (room_id);
-
-
-
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX room_stats_earliest_token_idx ON room_stats_earliest_token USING btree (room_id);
-
-
-
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX room_stats_room_ts ON room_stats USING btree (room_id, ts);
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX state_group_edges_idx ON state_group_edges USING btree (state_group);
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX state_group_edges_prev_idx ON state_group_edges USING btree (prev_state_group);
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX state_groups_state_type_idx ON state_groups_state USING btree (state_group, type, state_key);
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX stream_ordering_to_exterm_idx ON stream_ordering_to_exterm USING btree (stream_ordering);
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX stream_ordering_to_exterm_rm_idx ON stream_ordering_to_exterm USING btree (room_id, stream_ordering);
-
-
-
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX threepid_guest_access_tokens_index ON threepid_guest_access_tokens USING btree (medium, address);
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX topics_room_id ON topics USING btree (room_id);
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX user_daily_visits_ts_idx ON user_daily_visits USING btree ("timestamp");
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX user_daily_visits_uts_idx ON user_daily_visits USING btree (user_id, "timestamp");
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX user_directory_room_idx ON user_directory USING btree (room_id);
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX user_directory_search_fts_idx ON user_directory_search USING gin (vector);
-
-
-
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX user_directory_search_user_idx ON user_directory_search USING btree (user_id);
-
-
-
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX user_directory_user_idx ON user_directory USING btree (user_id);
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX user_filters_by_user_id_filter_id ON user_filters USING btree (user_id, filter_id);
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX user_ips_device_id ON user_ips USING btree (user_id, device_id, last_seen);
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX user_ips_last_seen ON user_ips USING btree (user_id, last_seen);
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX user_ips_last_seen_only ON user_ips USING btree (last_seen);
-
-
-
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX user_ips_user_token_ip_unique_index ON user_ips USING btree (user_id, access_token, ip);
-
-
-
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX user_stats_user_ts ON user_stats USING btree (user_id, ts);
-
-
-
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX user_threepid_id_server_idx ON user_threepid_id_server USING btree (user_id, medium, address, id_server);
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX user_threepids_medium_address ON user_threepids USING btree (medium, address);
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX user_threepids_user_id ON user_threepids USING btree (user_id);
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX users_creation_ts ON users USING btree (creation_ts);
-
-
-
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX users_in_public_rooms_u_idx ON users_in_public_rooms USING btree (user_id, room_id);
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX users_who_share_private_rooms_o_idx ON users_who_share_private_rooms USING btree (other_user_id);
-
-
-
-CREATE INDEX users_who_share_private_rooms_r_idx ON users_who_share_private_rooms USING btree (room_id);
-
-
-
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX users_who_share_private_rooms_u_idx ON users_who_share_private_rooms USING btree (user_id, other_user_id, room_id);
-
-
-
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/54/full.sql.sqlite b/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/54/full.sql.sqlite
deleted file mode 100644
index be9295e4c9..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/54/full.sql.sqlite
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,260 +0,0 @@
-CREATE TABLE application_services_state( as_id TEXT PRIMARY KEY, state VARCHAR(5), last_txn INTEGER );
-CREATE TABLE application_services_txns( as_id TEXT NOT NULL, txn_id INTEGER NOT NULL, event_ids TEXT NOT NULL, UNIQUE(as_id, txn_id) );
-CREATE INDEX application_services_txns_id ON application_services_txns ( as_id );
-CREATE TABLE presence( user_id TEXT NOT NULL, state VARCHAR(20), status_msg TEXT, mtime BIGINT, UNIQUE (user_id) );
-CREATE TABLE presence_allow_inbound( observed_user_id TEXT NOT NULL, observer_user_id TEXT NOT NULL, UNIQUE (observed_user_id, observer_user_id) );
-CREATE TABLE users( name TEXT, password_hash TEXT, creation_ts BIGINT, admin SMALLINT DEFAULT 0 NOT NULL, upgrade_ts BIGINT, is_guest SMALLINT DEFAULT 0 NOT NULL, appservice_id TEXT, consent_version TEXT, consent_server_notice_sent TEXT, user_type TEXT DEFAULT NULL, UNIQUE(name) );
-CREATE TABLE access_tokens( id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY, user_id TEXT NOT NULL, device_id TEXT, token TEXT NOT NULL, last_used BIGINT, UNIQUE(token) );
-CREATE TABLE user_ips ( user_id TEXT NOT NULL, access_token TEXT NOT NULL, device_id TEXT, ip TEXT NOT NULL, user_agent TEXT NOT NULL, last_seen BIGINT NOT NULL );
-CREATE TABLE profiles( user_id TEXT NOT NULL, displayname TEXT, avatar_url TEXT, UNIQUE(user_id) );
-CREATE TABLE received_transactions( transaction_id TEXT, origin TEXT, ts BIGINT, response_code INTEGER, response_json bytea, has_been_referenced smallint default 0, UNIQUE (transaction_id, origin) );
-CREATE TABLE destinations( destination TEXT PRIMARY KEY, retry_last_ts BIGINT, retry_interval INTEGER );
-CREATE TABLE events( stream_ordering INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, topological_ordering BIGINT NOT NULL, event_id TEXT NOT NULL, type TEXT NOT NULL, room_id TEXT NOT NULL, content TEXT, unrecognized_keys TEXT, processed BOOL NOT NULL, outlier BOOL NOT NULL, depth BIGINT DEFAULT 0 NOT NULL, origin_server_ts BIGINT, received_ts BIGINT, sender TEXT, contains_url BOOLEAN, UNIQUE (event_id) );
-CREATE INDEX events_order_room ON events ( room_id, topological_ordering, stream_ordering );
-CREATE TABLE event_json( event_id TEXT NOT NULL, room_id TEXT NOT NULL, internal_metadata TEXT NOT NULL, json TEXT NOT NULL, format_version INTEGER, UNIQUE (event_id) );
-CREATE INDEX event_json_room_id ON event_json(room_id);
-CREATE TABLE state_events( event_id TEXT NOT NULL, room_id TEXT NOT NULL, type TEXT NOT NULL, state_key TEXT NOT NULL, prev_state TEXT, UNIQUE (event_id) );
-CREATE TABLE current_state_events( event_id TEXT NOT NULL, room_id TEXT NOT NULL, type TEXT NOT NULL, state_key TEXT NOT NULL, UNIQUE (event_id), UNIQUE (room_id, type, state_key) );
-CREATE TABLE room_memberships( event_id TEXT NOT NULL, user_id TEXT NOT NULL, sender TEXT NOT NULL, room_id TEXT NOT NULL, membership TEXT NOT NULL, forgotten INTEGER DEFAULT 0, display_name TEXT, avatar_url TEXT, UNIQUE (event_id) );
-CREATE INDEX room_memberships_room_id ON room_memberships (room_id);
-CREATE INDEX room_memberships_user_id ON room_memberships (user_id);
-CREATE TABLE topics( event_id TEXT NOT NULL, room_id TEXT NOT NULL, topic TEXT NOT NULL, UNIQUE (event_id) );
-CREATE INDEX topics_room_id ON topics(room_id);
-CREATE TABLE room_names( event_id TEXT NOT NULL, room_id TEXT NOT NULL, name TEXT NOT NULL, UNIQUE (event_id) );
-CREATE INDEX room_names_room_id ON room_names(room_id);
-CREATE TABLE rooms( room_id TEXT PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL, is_public BOOL, creator TEXT );
-CREATE TABLE server_signature_keys( server_name TEXT, key_id TEXT, from_server TEXT, ts_added_ms BIGINT, verify_key bytea, ts_valid_until_ms BIGINT, UNIQUE (server_name, key_id) );
-CREATE TABLE rejections( event_id TEXT NOT NULL, reason TEXT NOT NULL, last_check TEXT NOT NULL, UNIQUE (event_id) );
-CREATE TABLE push_rules ( id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY, user_name TEXT NOT NULL, rule_id TEXT NOT NULL, priority_class SMALLINT NOT NULL, priority INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0, conditions TEXT NOT NULL, actions TEXT NOT NULL, UNIQUE(user_name, rule_id) );
-CREATE INDEX push_rules_user_name on push_rules (user_name);
-CREATE TABLE user_filters( user_id TEXT, filter_id BIGINT, filter_json bytea );
-CREATE INDEX user_filters_by_user_id_filter_id ON user_filters( user_id, filter_id );
-CREATE TABLE push_rules_enable ( id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY, user_name TEXT NOT NULL, rule_id TEXT NOT NULL, enabled SMALLINT, UNIQUE(user_name, rule_id) );
-CREATE INDEX push_rules_enable_user_name on push_rules_enable (user_name);
-CREATE TABLE event_forward_extremities( event_id TEXT NOT NULL, room_id TEXT NOT NULL, UNIQUE (event_id, room_id) );
-CREATE INDEX ev_extrem_room ON event_forward_extremities(room_id);
-CREATE INDEX ev_extrem_id ON event_forward_extremities(event_id);
-CREATE TABLE event_backward_extremities( event_id TEXT NOT NULL, room_id TEXT NOT NULL, UNIQUE (event_id, room_id) );
-CREATE INDEX ev_b_extrem_room ON event_backward_extremities(room_id);
-CREATE INDEX ev_b_extrem_id ON event_backward_extremities(event_id);
-CREATE TABLE event_edges( event_id TEXT NOT NULL, prev_event_id TEXT NOT NULL, room_id TEXT NOT NULL, is_state BOOL NOT NULL, UNIQUE (event_id, prev_event_id, room_id, is_state) );
-CREATE INDEX ev_edges_id ON event_edges(event_id);
-CREATE INDEX ev_edges_prev_id ON event_edges(prev_event_id);
-CREATE TABLE room_depth( room_id TEXT NOT NULL, min_depth INTEGER NOT NULL, UNIQUE (room_id) );
-CREATE INDEX room_depth_room ON room_depth(room_id);
-CREATE TABLE state_groups( id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY, room_id TEXT NOT NULL, event_id TEXT NOT NULL );
-CREATE TABLE state_groups_state( state_group BIGINT NOT NULL, room_id TEXT NOT NULL, type TEXT NOT NULL, state_key TEXT NOT NULL, event_id TEXT NOT NULL );
-CREATE TABLE event_to_state_groups( event_id TEXT NOT NULL, state_group BIGINT NOT NULL, UNIQUE (event_id) );
-CREATE TABLE local_media_repository ( media_id TEXT, media_type TEXT, media_length INTEGER, created_ts BIGINT, upload_name TEXT, user_id TEXT, quarantined_by TEXT, url_cache TEXT, last_access_ts BIGINT, UNIQUE (media_id) );
-CREATE TABLE local_media_repository_thumbnails ( media_id TEXT, thumbnail_width INTEGER, thumbnail_height INTEGER, thumbnail_type TEXT, thumbnail_method TEXT, thumbnail_length INTEGER, UNIQUE ( media_id, thumbnail_width, thumbnail_height, thumbnail_type ) );
-CREATE INDEX local_media_repository_thumbnails_media_id ON local_media_repository_thumbnails (media_id);
-CREATE TABLE remote_media_cache ( media_origin TEXT, media_id TEXT, media_type TEXT, created_ts BIGINT, upload_name TEXT, media_length INTEGER, filesystem_id TEXT, last_access_ts BIGINT, quarantined_by TEXT, UNIQUE (media_origin, media_id) );
-CREATE TABLE remote_media_cache_thumbnails ( media_origin TEXT, media_id TEXT, thumbnail_width INTEGER, thumbnail_height INTEGER, thumbnail_method TEXT, thumbnail_type TEXT, thumbnail_length INTEGER, filesystem_id TEXT, UNIQUE ( media_origin, media_id, thumbnail_width, thumbnail_height, thumbnail_type ) );
-CREATE TABLE redactions ( event_id TEXT NOT NULL, redacts TEXT NOT NULL, UNIQUE (event_id) );
-CREATE INDEX redactions_redacts ON redactions (redacts);
-CREATE TABLE room_aliases( room_alias TEXT NOT NULL, room_id TEXT NOT NULL, creator TEXT, UNIQUE (room_alias) );
-CREATE INDEX room_aliases_id ON room_aliases(room_id);
-CREATE TABLE room_alias_servers( room_alias TEXT NOT NULL, server TEXT NOT NULL );
-CREATE INDEX room_alias_servers_alias ON room_alias_servers(room_alias);
-CREATE TABLE event_reference_hashes ( event_id TEXT, algorithm TEXT, hash bytea, UNIQUE (event_id, algorithm) );
-CREATE INDEX event_reference_hashes_id ON event_reference_hashes(event_id);
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "server_keys_json" ( server_name TEXT NOT NULL, key_id TEXT NOT NULL, from_server TEXT NOT NULL, ts_added_ms BIGINT NOT NULL, ts_valid_until_ms BIGINT NOT NULL, key_json bytea NOT NULL, CONSTRAINT server_keys_json_uniqueness UNIQUE (server_name, key_id, from_server) );
-CREATE TABLE e2e_device_keys_json ( user_id TEXT NOT NULL, device_id TEXT NOT NULL, ts_added_ms BIGINT NOT NULL, key_json TEXT NOT NULL, CONSTRAINT e2e_device_keys_json_uniqueness UNIQUE (user_id, device_id) );
-CREATE TABLE e2e_one_time_keys_json ( user_id TEXT NOT NULL, device_id TEXT NOT NULL, algorithm TEXT NOT NULL, key_id TEXT NOT NULL, ts_added_ms BIGINT NOT NULL, key_json TEXT NOT NULL, CONSTRAINT e2e_one_time_keys_json_uniqueness UNIQUE (user_id, device_id, algorithm, key_id) );
-CREATE TABLE receipts_graph( room_id TEXT NOT NULL, receipt_type TEXT NOT NULL, user_id TEXT NOT NULL, event_ids TEXT NOT NULL, data TEXT NOT NULL, CONSTRAINT receipts_graph_uniqueness UNIQUE (room_id, receipt_type, user_id) );
-CREATE TABLE receipts_linearized ( stream_id BIGINT NOT NULL, room_id TEXT NOT NULL, receipt_type TEXT NOT NULL, user_id TEXT NOT NULL, event_id TEXT NOT NULL, data TEXT NOT NULL, CONSTRAINT receipts_linearized_uniqueness UNIQUE (room_id, receipt_type, user_id) );
-CREATE INDEX receipts_linearized_id ON receipts_linearized( stream_id );
-CREATE INDEX receipts_linearized_room_stream ON receipts_linearized( room_id, stream_id );
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "user_threepids" ( user_id TEXT NOT NULL, medium TEXT NOT NULL, address TEXT NOT NULL, validated_at BIGINT NOT NULL, added_at BIGINT NOT NULL, CONSTRAINT medium_address UNIQUE (medium, address) );
-CREATE INDEX user_threepids_user_id ON user_threepids(user_id);
-CREATE TABLE background_updates( update_name TEXT NOT NULL, progress_json TEXT NOT NULL, depends_on TEXT, CONSTRAINT background_updates_uniqueness UNIQUE (update_name) );
-CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE event_search USING fts4 ( event_id, room_id, sender, key, value )
-/* event_search(event_id,room_id,sender,"key",value) */;
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS 'event_search_content'(docid INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 'c0event_id', 'c1room_id', 'c2sender', 'c3key', 'c4value');
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS 'event_search_segments'(blockid INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, block BLOB);
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS 'event_search_segdir'(level INTEGER,idx INTEGER,start_block INTEGER,leaves_end_block INTEGER,end_block INTEGER,root BLOB,PRIMARY KEY(level, idx));
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS 'event_search_docsize'(docid INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, size BLOB);
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS 'event_search_stat'(id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, value BLOB);
-CREATE TABLE guest_access( event_id TEXT NOT NULL, room_id TEXT NOT NULL, guest_access TEXT NOT NULL, UNIQUE (event_id) );
-CREATE TABLE history_visibility( event_id TEXT NOT NULL, room_id TEXT NOT NULL, history_visibility TEXT NOT NULL, UNIQUE (event_id) );
-CREATE TABLE room_tags( user_id TEXT NOT NULL, room_id TEXT NOT NULL, tag     TEXT NOT NULL, content TEXT NOT NULL, CONSTRAINT room_tag_uniqueness UNIQUE (user_id, room_id, tag) );
-CREATE TABLE room_tags_revisions ( user_id TEXT NOT NULL, room_id TEXT NOT NULL, stream_id BIGINT NOT NULL, CONSTRAINT room_tag_revisions_uniqueness UNIQUE (user_id, room_id) );
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "account_data_max_stream_id"( Lock CHAR(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT 'X' UNIQUE, stream_id  BIGINT NOT NULL, CHECK (Lock='X') );
-CREATE TABLE account_data( user_id TEXT NOT NULL, account_data_type TEXT NOT NULL, stream_id BIGINT NOT NULL, content TEXT NOT NULL, CONSTRAINT account_data_uniqueness UNIQUE (user_id, account_data_type) );
-CREATE TABLE room_account_data( user_id TEXT NOT NULL, room_id TEXT NOT NULL, account_data_type TEXT NOT NULL, stream_id BIGINT NOT NULL, content TEXT NOT NULL, CONSTRAINT room_account_data_uniqueness UNIQUE (user_id, room_id, account_data_type) );
-CREATE INDEX account_data_stream_id on account_data(user_id, stream_id);
-CREATE INDEX room_account_data_stream_id on room_account_data(user_id, stream_id);
-CREATE INDEX events_ts ON events(origin_server_ts, stream_ordering);
-CREATE TABLE event_push_actions( room_id TEXT NOT NULL, event_id TEXT NOT NULL, user_id TEXT NOT NULL, profile_tag VARCHAR(32), actions TEXT NOT NULL, topological_ordering BIGINT, stream_ordering BIGINT, notif SMALLINT, highlight SMALLINT, CONSTRAINT event_id_user_id_profile_tag_uniqueness UNIQUE (room_id, event_id, user_id, profile_tag) );
-CREATE INDEX event_push_actions_room_id_user_id on event_push_actions(room_id, user_id);
-CREATE INDEX events_room_stream on events(room_id, stream_ordering);
-CREATE INDEX public_room_index on rooms(is_public);
-CREATE INDEX receipts_linearized_user ON receipts_linearized( user_id );
-CREATE INDEX event_push_actions_rm_tokens on event_push_actions( user_id, room_id, topological_ordering, stream_ordering );
-CREATE TABLE presence_stream( stream_id BIGINT, user_id TEXT, state TEXT, last_active_ts BIGINT, last_federation_update_ts BIGINT, last_user_sync_ts BIGINT, status_msg TEXT, currently_active BOOLEAN );
-CREATE INDEX presence_stream_id ON presence_stream(stream_id, user_id);
-CREATE INDEX presence_stream_user_id ON presence_stream(user_id);
-CREATE TABLE push_rules_stream( stream_id BIGINT NOT NULL, event_stream_ordering BIGINT NOT NULL, user_id TEXT NOT NULL, rule_id TEXT NOT NULL, op TEXT NOT NULL, priority_class SMALLINT, priority INTEGER, conditions TEXT, actions TEXT );
-CREATE INDEX push_rules_stream_id ON push_rules_stream(stream_id);
-CREATE INDEX push_rules_stream_user_stream_id on push_rules_stream(user_id, stream_id);
-CREATE TABLE ex_outlier_stream( event_stream_ordering BIGINT PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL, event_id TEXT NOT NULL, state_group BIGINT NOT NULL );
-CREATE TABLE threepid_guest_access_tokens( medium TEXT, address TEXT, guest_access_token TEXT, first_inviter TEXT );
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX threepid_guest_access_tokens_index ON threepid_guest_access_tokens(medium, address);
-CREATE TABLE local_invites( stream_id BIGINT NOT NULL, inviter TEXT NOT NULL, invitee TEXT NOT NULL, event_id TEXT NOT NULL, room_id TEXT NOT NULL, locally_rejected TEXT, replaced_by TEXT );
-CREATE INDEX local_invites_id ON local_invites(stream_id);
-CREATE INDEX local_invites_for_user_idx ON local_invites(invitee, locally_rejected, replaced_by, room_id);
-CREATE INDEX event_push_actions_stream_ordering on event_push_actions( stream_ordering, user_id );
-CREATE TABLE open_id_tokens ( token TEXT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, ts_valid_until_ms bigint NOT NULL, user_id TEXT NOT NULL, UNIQUE (token) );
-CREATE INDEX open_id_tokens_ts_valid_until_ms ON open_id_tokens(ts_valid_until_ms);
-CREATE TABLE pusher_throttle( pusher BIGINT NOT NULL, room_id TEXT NOT NULL, last_sent_ts BIGINT, throttle_ms BIGINT, PRIMARY KEY (pusher, room_id) );
-CREATE TABLE event_reports( id BIGINT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, received_ts BIGINT NOT NULL, room_id TEXT NOT NULL, event_id TEXT NOT NULL, user_id TEXT NOT NULL, reason TEXT, content TEXT );
-CREATE TABLE devices ( user_id TEXT NOT NULL, device_id TEXT NOT NULL, display_name TEXT, CONSTRAINT device_uniqueness UNIQUE (user_id, device_id) );
-CREATE TABLE appservice_stream_position( Lock CHAR(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT 'X' UNIQUE, stream_ordering BIGINT, CHECK (Lock='X') );
-CREATE TABLE device_inbox ( user_id TEXT NOT NULL, device_id TEXT NOT NULL, stream_id BIGINT NOT NULL, message_json TEXT NOT NULL );
-CREATE INDEX device_inbox_user_stream_id ON device_inbox(user_id, device_id, stream_id);
-CREATE INDEX received_transactions_ts ON received_transactions(ts);
-CREATE TABLE device_federation_outbox ( destination TEXT NOT NULL, stream_id BIGINT NOT NULL, queued_ts BIGINT NOT NULL, messages_json TEXT NOT NULL );
-CREATE INDEX device_federation_outbox_destination_id ON device_federation_outbox(destination, stream_id);
-CREATE TABLE device_federation_inbox ( origin TEXT NOT NULL, message_id TEXT NOT NULL, received_ts BIGINT NOT NULL );
-CREATE INDEX device_federation_inbox_sender_id ON device_federation_inbox(origin, message_id);
-CREATE TABLE device_max_stream_id ( stream_id BIGINT NOT NULL );
-CREATE TABLE public_room_list_stream ( stream_id BIGINT NOT NULL, room_id TEXT NOT NULL, visibility BOOLEAN NOT NULL , appservice_id TEXT, network_id TEXT);
-CREATE INDEX public_room_list_stream_idx on public_room_list_stream( stream_id );
-CREATE INDEX public_room_list_stream_rm_idx on public_room_list_stream( room_id, stream_id );
-CREATE TABLE state_group_edges( state_group BIGINT NOT NULL, prev_state_group BIGINT NOT NULL );
-CREATE INDEX state_group_edges_idx ON state_group_edges(state_group);
-CREATE INDEX state_group_edges_prev_idx ON state_group_edges(prev_state_group);
-CREATE TABLE stream_ordering_to_exterm ( stream_ordering BIGINT NOT NULL, room_id TEXT NOT NULL, event_id TEXT NOT NULL );
-CREATE INDEX stream_ordering_to_exterm_idx on stream_ordering_to_exterm( stream_ordering );
-CREATE INDEX stream_ordering_to_exterm_rm_idx on stream_ordering_to_exterm( room_id, stream_ordering );
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "event_auth"( event_id TEXT NOT NULL, auth_id TEXT NOT NULL, room_id TEXT NOT NULL );
-CREATE INDEX evauth_edges_id ON event_auth(event_id);
-CREATE INDEX user_threepids_medium_address on user_threepids (medium, address);
-CREATE TABLE appservice_room_list( appservice_id TEXT NOT NULL, network_id TEXT NOT NULL, room_id TEXT NOT NULL );
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX appservice_room_list_idx ON appservice_room_list( appservice_id, network_id, room_id );
-CREATE INDEX device_federation_outbox_id ON device_federation_outbox(stream_id);
-CREATE TABLE federation_stream_position( type TEXT NOT NULL, stream_id INTEGER NOT NULL );
-CREATE TABLE device_lists_remote_cache ( user_id TEXT NOT NULL, device_id TEXT NOT NULL, content TEXT NOT NULL );
-CREATE TABLE device_lists_remote_extremeties ( user_id TEXT NOT NULL, stream_id TEXT NOT NULL );
-CREATE TABLE device_lists_stream ( stream_id BIGINT NOT NULL, user_id TEXT NOT NULL, device_id TEXT NOT NULL );
-CREATE INDEX device_lists_stream_id ON device_lists_stream(stream_id, user_id);
-CREATE TABLE device_lists_outbound_pokes ( destination TEXT NOT NULL, stream_id BIGINT NOT NULL, user_id TEXT NOT NULL, device_id TEXT NOT NULL, sent BOOLEAN NOT NULL, ts BIGINT NOT NULL );
-CREATE INDEX device_lists_outbound_pokes_id ON device_lists_outbound_pokes(destination, stream_id);
-CREATE INDEX device_lists_outbound_pokes_user ON device_lists_outbound_pokes(destination, user_id);
-CREATE TABLE event_push_summary ( user_id TEXT NOT NULL, room_id TEXT NOT NULL, notif_count BIGINT NOT NULL, stream_ordering BIGINT NOT NULL );
-CREATE INDEX event_push_summary_user_rm ON event_push_summary(user_id, room_id);
-CREATE TABLE event_push_summary_stream_ordering ( Lock CHAR(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT 'X' UNIQUE, stream_ordering BIGINT NOT NULL, CHECK (Lock='X') );
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "pushers" ( id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY, user_name TEXT NOT NULL, access_token BIGINT DEFAULT NULL, profile_tag TEXT NOT NULL, kind TEXT NOT NULL, app_id TEXT NOT NULL, app_display_name TEXT NOT NULL, device_display_name TEXT NOT NULL, pushkey TEXT NOT NULL, ts BIGINT NOT NULL, lang TEXT, data TEXT, last_stream_ordering INTEGER, last_success BIGINT, failing_since BIGINT, UNIQUE (app_id, pushkey, user_name) );
-CREATE INDEX device_lists_outbound_pokes_stream ON device_lists_outbound_pokes(stream_id);
-CREATE TABLE ratelimit_override ( user_id TEXT NOT NULL, messages_per_second BIGINT, burst_count BIGINT );
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX ratelimit_override_idx ON ratelimit_override(user_id);
-CREATE TABLE current_state_delta_stream ( stream_id BIGINT NOT NULL, room_id TEXT NOT NULL, type TEXT NOT NULL, state_key TEXT NOT NULL, event_id TEXT, prev_event_id TEXT );
-CREATE INDEX current_state_delta_stream_idx ON current_state_delta_stream(stream_id);
-CREATE TABLE device_lists_outbound_last_success ( destination TEXT NOT NULL, user_id TEXT NOT NULL, stream_id BIGINT NOT NULL );
-CREATE INDEX device_lists_outbound_last_success_idx ON device_lists_outbound_last_success( destination, user_id, stream_id );
-CREATE TABLE user_directory_stream_pos ( Lock CHAR(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT 'X' UNIQUE, stream_id BIGINT, CHECK (Lock='X') );
-CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE user_directory_search USING fts4 ( user_id, value )
-/* user_directory_search(user_id,value) */;
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS 'user_directory_search_content'(docid INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 'c0user_id', 'c1value');
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS 'user_directory_search_segments'(blockid INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, block BLOB);
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS 'user_directory_search_segdir'(level INTEGER,idx INTEGER,start_block INTEGER,leaves_end_block INTEGER,end_block INTEGER,root BLOB,PRIMARY KEY(level, idx));
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS 'user_directory_search_docsize'(docid INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, size BLOB);
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS 'user_directory_search_stat'(id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, value BLOB);
-CREATE TABLE blocked_rooms ( room_id TEXT NOT NULL, user_id TEXT NOT NULL );
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX blocked_rooms_idx ON blocked_rooms(room_id);
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "local_media_repository_url_cache"( url TEXT, response_code INTEGER, etag TEXT, expires_ts BIGINT, og TEXT, media_id TEXT, download_ts BIGINT );
-CREATE INDEX local_media_repository_url_cache_expires_idx ON local_media_repository_url_cache(expires_ts);
-CREATE INDEX local_media_repository_url_cache_by_url_download_ts ON local_media_repository_url_cache(url, download_ts);
-CREATE INDEX local_media_repository_url_cache_media_idx ON local_media_repository_url_cache(media_id);
-CREATE TABLE group_users ( group_id TEXT NOT NULL, user_id TEXT NOT NULL, is_admin BOOLEAN NOT NULL, is_public BOOLEAN NOT NULL );
-CREATE TABLE group_invites ( group_id TEXT NOT NULL, user_id TEXT NOT NULL );
-CREATE TABLE group_rooms ( group_id TEXT NOT NULL, room_id TEXT NOT NULL, is_public BOOLEAN NOT NULL );
-CREATE TABLE group_summary_rooms ( group_id TEXT NOT NULL, room_id TEXT NOT NULL, category_id TEXT NOT NULL, room_order BIGINT NOT NULL, is_public BOOLEAN NOT NULL, UNIQUE (group_id, category_id, room_id, room_order), CHECK (room_order > 0) );
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX group_summary_rooms_g_idx ON group_summary_rooms(group_id, room_id, category_id);
-CREATE TABLE group_summary_room_categories ( group_id TEXT NOT NULL, category_id TEXT NOT NULL, cat_order BIGINT NOT NULL, UNIQUE (group_id, category_id, cat_order), CHECK (cat_order > 0) );
-CREATE TABLE group_room_categories ( group_id TEXT NOT NULL, category_id TEXT NOT NULL, profile TEXT NOT NULL, is_public BOOLEAN NOT NULL, UNIQUE (group_id, category_id) );
-CREATE TABLE group_summary_users ( group_id TEXT NOT NULL, user_id TEXT NOT NULL, role_id TEXT NOT NULL, user_order BIGINT NOT NULL, is_public BOOLEAN NOT NULL );
-CREATE INDEX group_summary_users_g_idx ON group_summary_users(group_id);
-CREATE TABLE group_summary_roles ( group_id TEXT NOT NULL, role_id TEXT NOT NULL, role_order BIGINT NOT NULL, UNIQUE (group_id, role_id, role_order), CHECK (role_order > 0) );
-CREATE TABLE group_roles ( group_id TEXT NOT NULL, role_id TEXT NOT NULL, profile TEXT NOT NULL, is_public BOOLEAN NOT NULL, UNIQUE (group_id, role_id) );
-CREATE TABLE group_attestations_renewals ( group_id TEXT NOT NULL, user_id TEXT NOT NULL, valid_until_ms BIGINT NOT NULL );
-CREATE INDEX group_attestations_renewals_g_idx ON group_attestations_renewals(group_id, user_id);
-CREATE INDEX group_attestations_renewals_u_idx ON group_attestations_renewals(user_id);
-CREATE INDEX group_attestations_renewals_v_idx ON group_attestations_renewals(valid_until_ms);
-CREATE TABLE group_attestations_remote ( group_id TEXT NOT NULL, user_id TEXT NOT NULL, valid_until_ms BIGINT NOT NULL, attestation_json TEXT NOT NULL );
-CREATE INDEX group_attestations_remote_g_idx ON group_attestations_remote(group_id, user_id);
-CREATE INDEX group_attestations_remote_u_idx ON group_attestations_remote(user_id);
-CREATE INDEX group_attestations_remote_v_idx ON group_attestations_remote(valid_until_ms);
-CREATE TABLE local_group_membership ( group_id TEXT NOT NULL, user_id TEXT NOT NULL, is_admin BOOLEAN NOT NULL, membership TEXT NOT NULL, is_publicised BOOLEAN NOT NULL, content TEXT NOT NULL );
-CREATE INDEX local_group_membership_u_idx ON local_group_membership(user_id, group_id);
-CREATE INDEX local_group_membership_g_idx ON local_group_membership(group_id);
-CREATE TABLE local_group_updates ( stream_id BIGINT NOT NULL, group_id TEXT NOT NULL, user_id TEXT NOT NULL, type TEXT NOT NULL, content TEXT NOT NULL );
-CREATE TABLE remote_profile_cache ( user_id TEXT NOT NULL, displayname TEXT, avatar_url TEXT, last_check BIGINT NOT NULL );
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX remote_profile_cache_user_id ON remote_profile_cache(user_id);
-CREATE INDEX remote_profile_cache_time ON remote_profile_cache(last_check);
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "deleted_pushers" ( stream_id BIGINT NOT NULL, app_id TEXT NOT NULL, pushkey TEXT NOT NULL, user_id TEXT NOT NULL );
-CREATE INDEX deleted_pushers_stream_id ON deleted_pushers (stream_id);
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "groups" ( group_id TEXT NOT NULL, name TEXT, avatar_url TEXT, short_description TEXT, long_description TEXT, is_public BOOL NOT NULL , join_policy TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT 'invite');
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX groups_idx ON groups(group_id);
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "user_directory" ( user_id TEXT NOT NULL, room_id TEXT, display_name TEXT, avatar_url TEXT );
-CREATE INDEX user_directory_room_idx ON user_directory(room_id);
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX user_directory_user_idx ON user_directory(user_id);
-CREATE TABLE event_push_actions_staging ( event_id TEXT NOT NULL, user_id TEXT NOT NULL, actions TEXT NOT NULL, notif SMALLINT NOT NULL, highlight SMALLINT NOT NULL );
-CREATE INDEX event_push_actions_staging_id ON event_push_actions_staging(event_id);
-CREATE TABLE users_pending_deactivation ( user_id TEXT NOT NULL );
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX group_invites_g_idx ON group_invites(group_id, user_id);
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX group_users_g_idx ON group_users(group_id, user_id);
-CREATE INDEX group_users_u_idx ON group_users(user_id);
-CREATE INDEX group_invites_u_idx ON group_invites(user_id);
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX group_rooms_g_idx ON group_rooms(group_id, room_id);
-CREATE INDEX group_rooms_r_idx ON group_rooms(room_id);
-CREATE TABLE user_daily_visits ( user_id TEXT NOT NULL, device_id TEXT, timestamp BIGINT NOT NULL );
-CREATE INDEX user_daily_visits_uts_idx ON user_daily_visits(user_id, timestamp);
-CREATE INDEX user_daily_visits_ts_idx ON user_daily_visits(timestamp);
-CREATE TABLE erased_users ( user_id TEXT NOT NULL );
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX erased_users_user ON erased_users(user_id);
-CREATE TABLE monthly_active_users ( user_id TEXT NOT NULL, timestamp BIGINT NOT NULL );
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX monthly_active_users_users ON monthly_active_users(user_id);
-CREATE INDEX monthly_active_users_time_stamp ON monthly_active_users(timestamp);
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "e2e_room_keys_versions" ( user_id TEXT NOT NULL, version BIGINT NOT NULL, algorithm TEXT NOT NULL, auth_data TEXT NOT NULL, deleted SMALLINT DEFAULT 0 NOT NULL );
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX e2e_room_keys_versions_idx ON e2e_room_keys_versions(user_id, version);
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "e2e_room_keys" ( user_id TEXT NOT NULL, room_id TEXT NOT NULL, session_id TEXT NOT NULL, version BIGINT NOT NULL, first_message_index INT, forwarded_count INT, is_verified BOOLEAN, session_data TEXT NOT NULL );
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX e2e_room_keys_idx ON e2e_room_keys(user_id, room_id, session_id);
-CREATE TABLE users_who_share_private_rooms ( user_id TEXT NOT NULL, other_user_id TEXT NOT NULL, room_id TEXT NOT NULL );
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX users_who_share_private_rooms_u_idx ON users_who_share_private_rooms(user_id, other_user_id, room_id);
-CREATE INDEX users_who_share_private_rooms_r_idx ON users_who_share_private_rooms(room_id);
-CREATE INDEX users_who_share_private_rooms_o_idx ON users_who_share_private_rooms(other_user_id);
-CREATE TABLE user_threepid_id_server ( user_id TEXT NOT NULL, medium TEXT NOT NULL, address TEXT NOT NULL, id_server TEXT NOT NULL );
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX user_threepid_id_server_idx ON user_threepid_id_server( user_id, medium, address, id_server );
-CREATE TABLE users_in_public_rooms ( user_id TEXT NOT NULL, room_id TEXT NOT NULL );
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX users_in_public_rooms_u_idx ON users_in_public_rooms(user_id, room_id);
-CREATE TABLE account_validity ( user_id TEXT PRIMARY KEY, expiration_ts_ms BIGINT NOT NULL, email_sent BOOLEAN NOT NULL, renewal_token TEXT );
-CREATE TABLE event_relations ( event_id TEXT NOT NULL, relates_to_id TEXT NOT NULL, relation_type TEXT NOT NULL, aggregation_key TEXT );
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX event_relations_id ON event_relations(event_id);
-CREATE INDEX event_relations_relates ON event_relations(relates_to_id, relation_type, aggregation_key);
-CREATE TABLE stats_stream_pos ( Lock CHAR(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT 'X' UNIQUE, stream_id BIGINT, CHECK (Lock='X') );
-CREATE TABLE user_stats ( user_id TEXT NOT NULL, ts BIGINT NOT NULL, bucket_size INT NOT NULL, public_rooms INT NOT NULL, private_rooms INT NOT NULL );
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX user_stats_user_ts ON user_stats(user_id, ts);
-CREATE TABLE room_stats ( room_id TEXT NOT NULL, ts BIGINT NOT NULL, bucket_size INT NOT NULL, current_state_events INT NOT NULL, joined_members INT NOT NULL, invited_members INT NOT NULL, left_members INT NOT NULL, banned_members INT NOT NULL, state_events INT NOT NULL );
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX room_stats_room_ts ON room_stats(room_id, ts);
-CREATE TABLE room_state ( room_id TEXT NOT NULL, join_rules TEXT, history_visibility TEXT, encryption TEXT, name TEXT, topic TEXT, avatar TEXT, canonical_alias TEXT );
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX room_state_room ON room_state(room_id);
-CREATE TABLE room_stats_earliest_token ( room_id TEXT NOT NULL, token BIGINT NOT NULL );
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX room_stats_earliest_token_idx ON room_stats_earliest_token(room_id);
-CREATE INDEX access_tokens_device_id ON access_tokens (user_id, device_id);
-CREATE INDEX user_ips_device_id ON user_ips (user_id, device_id, last_seen);
-CREATE INDEX event_contains_url_index ON events (room_id, topological_ordering, stream_ordering);
-CREATE INDEX event_push_actions_u_highlight ON event_push_actions (user_id, stream_ordering);
-CREATE INDEX event_push_actions_highlights_index ON event_push_actions (user_id, room_id, topological_ordering, stream_ordering);
-CREATE INDEX current_state_events_member_index ON current_state_events (state_key);
-CREATE INDEX device_inbox_stream_id_user_id ON device_inbox (stream_id, user_id);
-CREATE INDEX device_lists_stream_user_id ON device_lists_stream (user_id, device_id);
-CREATE INDEX local_media_repository_url_idx ON local_media_repository (created_ts);
-CREATE INDEX user_ips_last_seen ON user_ips (user_id, last_seen);
-CREATE INDEX user_ips_last_seen_only ON user_ips (last_seen);
-CREATE INDEX users_creation_ts ON users (creation_ts);
-CREATE INDEX event_to_state_groups_sg_index ON event_to_state_groups (state_group);
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX device_lists_remote_cache_unique_id ON device_lists_remote_cache (user_id, device_id);
-CREATE INDEX state_groups_state_type_idx ON state_groups_state(state_group, type, state_key);
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX device_lists_remote_extremeties_unique_idx ON device_lists_remote_extremeties (user_id);
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX user_ips_user_token_ip_unique_index ON user_ips (user_id, access_token, ip);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/54/stream_positions.sql b/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/54/stream_positions.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index c265fd20e2..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/54/stream_positions.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-
-INSERT INTO appservice_stream_position (stream_ordering) SELECT COALESCE(MAX(stream_ordering), 0) FROM events;
-INSERT INTO federation_stream_position (type, stream_id) VALUES ('federation', -1);
-INSERT INTO federation_stream_position (type, stream_id) SELECT 'events', coalesce(max(stream_ordering), -1) FROM events;
-INSERT INTO user_directory_stream_pos (stream_id) VALUES (0);
-INSERT INTO stats_stream_pos (stream_id) VALUES (0);
-INSERT INTO event_push_summary_stream_ordering (stream_ordering) VALUES (0);
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/README.txt b/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/README.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index d3f6401344..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/full_schemas/README.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-Building full schema dumps
-==========================
-
-These schemas need to be made from a database that has had all background updates run.
-
-Postgres
---------
-
-$ pg_dump --format=plain --schema-only --no-tablespaces --no-acl --no-owner $DATABASE_NAME| sed -e '/^--/d' -e 's/public\.//g' -e '/^SET /d' -e '/^SELECT /d' > full.sql.postgres
-
-SQLite
-------
-
-$ sqlite3 $DATABASE_FILE ".schema" > full.sql.sqlite
-
-After
------
-
-Delete the CREATE statements for "sqlite_stat1", "schema_version", "applied_schema_deltas", and "applied_module_schemas".
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/synapse/storage/search.py b/synapse/storage/search.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 7695bf09fc..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/search.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,713 +0,0 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-# Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-
-import logging
-import re
-from collections import namedtuple
-
-from six import string_types
-
-from canonicaljson import json
-
-from twisted.internet import defer
-
-from synapse.api.errors import SynapseError
-from synapse.storage._base import make_in_list_sql_clause
-from synapse.storage.engines import PostgresEngine, Sqlite3Engine
-
-from .background_updates import BackgroundUpdateStore
-
-logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-
-SearchEntry = namedtuple(
-    "SearchEntry",
-    ["key", "value", "event_id", "room_id", "stream_ordering", "origin_server_ts"],
-)
-
-
-class SearchBackgroundUpdateStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
-
-    EVENT_SEARCH_UPDATE_NAME = "event_search"
-    EVENT_SEARCH_ORDER_UPDATE_NAME = "event_search_order"
-    EVENT_SEARCH_USE_GIST_POSTGRES_NAME = "event_search_postgres_gist"
-    EVENT_SEARCH_USE_GIN_POSTGRES_NAME = "event_search_postgres_gin"
-
-    def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
-        super(SearchBackgroundUpdateStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
-
-        if not hs.config.enable_search:
-            return
-
-        self.register_background_update_handler(
-            self.EVENT_SEARCH_UPDATE_NAME, self._background_reindex_search
-        )
-        self.register_background_update_handler(
-            self.EVENT_SEARCH_ORDER_UPDATE_NAME, self._background_reindex_search_order
-        )
-
-        # we used to have a background update to turn the GIN index into a
-        # GIST one; we no longer do that (obviously) because we actually want
-        # a GIN index. However, it's possible that some people might still have
-        # the background update queued, so we register a handler to clear the
-        # background update.
-        self.register_noop_background_update(self.EVENT_SEARCH_USE_GIST_POSTGRES_NAME)
-
-        self.register_background_update_handler(
-            self.EVENT_SEARCH_USE_GIN_POSTGRES_NAME, self._background_reindex_gin_search
-        )
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _background_reindex_search(self, progress, batch_size):
-        # we work through the events table from highest stream id to lowest
-        target_min_stream_id = progress["target_min_stream_id_inclusive"]
-        max_stream_id = progress["max_stream_id_exclusive"]
-        rows_inserted = progress.get("rows_inserted", 0)
-
-        TYPES = ["m.room.name", "m.room.message", "m.room.topic"]
-
-        def reindex_search_txn(txn):
-            sql = (
-                "SELECT stream_ordering, event_id, room_id, type, json, "
-                " origin_server_ts FROM events"
-                " JOIN event_json USING (room_id, event_id)"
-                " WHERE ? <= stream_ordering AND stream_ordering < ?"
-                " AND (%s)"
-                " ORDER BY stream_ordering DESC"
-                " LIMIT ?"
-            ) % (" OR ".join("type = '%s'" % (t,) for t in TYPES),)
-
-            txn.execute(sql, (target_min_stream_id, max_stream_id, batch_size))
-
-            # we could stream straight from the results into
-            # store_search_entries_txn with a generator function, but that
-            # would mean having two cursors open on the database at once.
-            # Instead we just build a list of results.
-            rows = self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
-            if not rows:
-                return 0
-
-            min_stream_id = rows[-1]["stream_ordering"]
-
-            event_search_rows = []
-            for row in rows:
-                try:
-                    event_id = row["event_id"]
-                    room_id = row["room_id"]
-                    etype = row["type"]
-                    stream_ordering = row["stream_ordering"]
-                    origin_server_ts = row["origin_server_ts"]
-                    try:
-                        event_json = json.loads(row["json"])
-                        content = event_json["content"]
-                    except Exception:
-                        continue
-
-                    if etype == "m.room.message":
-                        key = "content.body"
-                        value = content["body"]
-                    elif etype == "m.room.topic":
-                        key = "content.topic"
-                        value = content["topic"]
-                    elif etype == "m.room.name":
-                        key = "content.name"
-                        value = content["name"]
-                    else:
-                        raise Exception("unexpected event type %s" % etype)
-                except (KeyError, AttributeError):
-                    # If the event is missing a necessary field then
-                    # skip over it.
-                    continue
-
-                if not isinstance(value, string_types):
-                    # If the event body, name or topic isn't a string
-                    # then skip over it
-                    continue
-
-                event_search_rows.append(
-                    SearchEntry(
-                        key=key,
-                        value=value,
-                        event_id=event_id,
-                        room_id=room_id,
-                        stream_ordering=stream_ordering,
-                        origin_server_ts=origin_server_ts,
-                    )
-                )
-
-            self.store_search_entries_txn(txn, event_search_rows)
-
-            progress = {
-                "target_min_stream_id_inclusive": target_min_stream_id,
-                "max_stream_id_exclusive": min_stream_id,
-                "rows_inserted": rows_inserted + len(event_search_rows),
-            }
-
-            self._background_update_progress_txn(
-                txn, self.EVENT_SEARCH_UPDATE_NAME, progress
-            )
-
-            return len(event_search_rows)
-
-        result = yield self.runInteraction(
-            self.EVENT_SEARCH_UPDATE_NAME, reindex_search_txn
-        )
-
-        if not result:
-            yield self._end_background_update(self.EVENT_SEARCH_UPDATE_NAME)
-
-        return result
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _background_reindex_gin_search(self, progress, batch_size):
-        """This handles old synapses which used GIST indexes, if any;
-        converting them back to be GIN as per the actual schema.
-        """
-
-        def create_index(conn):
-            conn.rollback()
-
-            # we have to set autocommit, because postgres refuses to
-            # CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY without it.
-            conn.set_session(autocommit=True)
-
-            try:
-                c = conn.cursor()
-
-                # if we skipped the conversion to GIST, we may already/still
-                # have an event_search_fts_idx; unfortunately postgres 9.4
-                # doesn't support CREATE INDEX IF EXISTS so we just catch the
-                # exception and ignore it.
-                import psycopg2
-
-                try:
-                    c.execute(
-                        "CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY event_search_fts_idx"
-                        " ON event_search USING GIN (vector)"
-                    )
-                except psycopg2.ProgrammingError as e:
-                    logger.warn(
-                        "Ignoring error %r when trying to switch from GIST to GIN", e
-                    )
-
-                # we should now be able to delete the GIST index.
-                c.execute("DROP INDEX IF EXISTS event_search_fts_idx_gist")
-            finally:
-                conn.set_session(autocommit=False)
-
-        if isinstance(self.database_engine, PostgresEngine):
-            yield self.runWithConnection(create_index)
-
-        yield self._end_background_update(self.EVENT_SEARCH_USE_GIN_POSTGRES_NAME)
-        return 1
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _background_reindex_search_order(self, progress, batch_size):
-        target_min_stream_id = progress["target_min_stream_id_inclusive"]
-        max_stream_id = progress["max_stream_id_exclusive"]
-        rows_inserted = progress.get("rows_inserted", 0)
-        have_added_index = progress["have_added_indexes"]
-
-        if not have_added_index:
-
-            def create_index(conn):
-                conn.rollback()
-                conn.set_session(autocommit=True)
-                c = conn.cursor()
-
-                # We create with NULLS FIRST so that when we search *backwards*
-                # we get the ones with non null origin_server_ts *first*
-                c.execute(
-                    "CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY event_search_room_order ON event_search("
-                    "room_id, origin_server_ts NULLS FIRST, stream_ordering NULLS FIRST)"
-                )
-                c.execute(
-                    "CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY event_search_order ON event_search("
-                    "origin_server_ts NULLS FIRST, stream_ordering NULLS FIRST)"
-                )
-                conn.set_session(autocommit=False)
-
-            yield self.runWithConnection(create_index)
-
-            pg = dict(progress)
-            pg["have_added_indexes"] = True
-
-            yield self.runInteraction(
-                self.EVENT_SEARCH_ORDER_UPDATE_NAME,
-                self._background_update_progress_txn,
-                self.EVENT_SEARCH_ORDER_UPDATE_NAME,
-                pg,
-            )
-
-        def reindex_search_txn(txn):
-            sql = (
-                "UPDATE event_search AS es SET stream_ordering = e.stream_ordering,"
-                " origin_server_ts = e.origin_server_ts"
-                " FROM events AS e"
-                " WHERE e.event_id = es.event_id"
-                " AND ? <= e.stream_ordering AND e.stream_ordering < ?"
-                " RETURNING es.stream_ordering"
-            )
-
-            min_stream_id = max_stream_id - batch_size
-            txn.execute(sql, (min_stream_id, max_stream_id))
-            rows = txn.fetchall()
-
-            if min_stream_id < target_min_stream_id:
-                # We've recached the end.
-                return len(rows), False
-
-            progress = {
-                "target_min_stream_id_inclusive": target_min_stream_id,
-                "max_stream_id_exclusive": min_stream_id,
-                "rows_inserted": rows_inserted + len(rows),
-                "have_added_indexes": True,
-            }
-
-            self._background_update_progress_txn(
-                txn, self.EVENT_SEARCH_ORDER_UPDATE_NAME, progress
-            )
-
-            return len(rows), True
-
-        num_rows, finished = yield self.runInteraction(
-            self.EVENT_SEARCH_ORDER_UPDATE_NAME, reindex_search_txn
-        )
-
-        if not finished:
-            yield self._end_background_update(self.EVENT_SEARCH_ORDER_UPDATE_NAME)
-
-        return num_rows
-
-    def store_search_entries_txn(self, txn, entries):
-        """Add entries to the search table
-
-        Args:
-            txn (cursor):
-            entries (iterable[SearchEntry]):
-                entries to be added to the table
-        """
-        if not self.hs.config.enable_search:
-            return
-        if isinstance(self.database_engine, PostgresEngine):
-            sql = (
-                "INSERT INTO event_search"
-                " (event_id, room_id, key, vector, stream_ordering, origin_server_ts)"
-                " VALUES (?,?,?,to_tsvector('english', ?),?,?)"
-            )
-
-            args = (
-                (
-                    entry.event_id,
-                    entry.room_id,
-                    entry.key,
-                    entry.value,
-                    entry.stream_ordering,
-                    entry.origin_server_ts,
-                )
-                for entry in entries
-            )
-
-            txn.executemany(sql, args)
-
-        elif isinstance(self.database_engine, Sqlite3Engine):
-            sql = (
-                "INSERT INTO event_search (event_id, room_id, key, value)"
-                " VALUES (?,?,?,?)"
-            )
-            args = (
-                (entry.event_id, entry.room_id, entry.key, entry.value)
-                for entry in entries
-            )
-
-            txn.executemany(sql, args)
-        else:
-            # This should be unreachable.
-            raise Exception("Unrecognized database engine")
-
-
-class SearchStore(SearchBackgroundUpdateStore):
-    def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
-        super(SearchStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
-
-    def store_event_search_txn(self, txn, event, key, value):
-        """Add event to the search table
-
-        Args:
-            txn (cursor):
-            event (EventBase):
-            key (str):
-            value (str):
-        """
-        self.store_search_entries_txn(
-            txn,
-            (
-                SearchEntry(
-                    key=key,
-                    value=value,
-                    event_id=event.event_id,
-                    room_id=event.room_id,
-                    stream_ordering=event.internal_metadata.stream_ordering,
-                    origin_server_ts=event.origin_server_ts,
-                ),
-            ),
-        )
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def search_msgs(self, room_ids, search_term, keys):
-        """Performs a full text search over events with given keys.
-
-        Args:
-            room_ids (list): List of room ids to search in
-            search_term (str): Search term to search for
-            keys (list): List of keys to search in, currently supports
-                "content.body", "content.name", "content.topic"
-
-        Returns:
-            list of dicts
-        """
-        clauses = []
-
-        search_query = search_query = _parse_query(self.database_engine, search_term)
-
-        args = []
-
-        # Make sure we don't explode because the person is in too many rooms.
-        # We filter the results below regardless.
-        if len(room_ids) < 500:
-            clause, args = make_in_list_sql_clause(
-                self.database_engine, "room_id", room_ids
-            )
-            clauses = [clause]
-
-        local_clauses = []
-        for key in keys:
-            local_clauses.append("key = ?")
-            args.append(key)
-
-        clauses.append("(%s)" % (" OR ".join(local_clauses),))
-
-        count_args = args
-        count_clauses = clauses
-
-        if isinstance(self.database_engine, PostgresEngine):
-            sql = (
-                "SELECT ts_rank_cd(vector, to_tsquery('english', ?)) AS rank,"
-                " room_id, event_id"
-                " FROM event_search"
-                " WHERE vector @@ to_tsquery('english', ?)"
-            )
-            args = [search_query, search_query] + args
-
-            count_sql = (
-                "SELECT room_id, count(*) as count FROM event_search"
-                " WHERE vector @@ to_tsquery('english', ?)"
-            )
-            count_args = [search_query] + count_args
-        elif isinstance(self.database_engine, Sqlite3Engine):
-            sql = (
-                "SELECT rank(matchinfo(event_search)) as rank, room_id, event_id"
-                " FROM event_search"
-                " WHERE value MATCH ?"
-            )
-            args = [search_query] + args
-
-            count_sql = (
-                "SELECT room_id, count(*) as count FROM event_search"
-                " WHERE value MATCH ?"
-            )
-            count_args = [search_term] + count_args
-        else:
-            # This should be unreachable.
-            raise Exception("Unrecognized database engine")
-
-        for clause in clauses:
-            sql += " AND " + clause
-
-        for clause in count_clauses:
-            count_sql += " AND " + clause
-
-        # We add an arbitrary limit here to ensure we don't try to pull the
-        # entire table from the database.
-        sql += " ORDER BY rank DESC LIMIT 500"
-
-        results = yield self._execute("search_msgs", self.cursor_to_dict, sql, *args)
-
-        results = list(filter(lambda row: row["room_id"] in room_ids, results))
-
-        events = yield self.get_events_as_list([r["event_id"] for r in results])
-
-        event_map = {ev.event_id: ev for ev in events}
-
-        highlights = None
-        if isinstance(self.database_engine, PostgresEngine):
-            highlights = yield self._find_highlights_in_postgres(search_query, events)
-
-        count_sql += " GROUP BY room_id"
-
-        count_results = yield self._execute(
-            "search_rooms_count", self.cursor_to_dict, count_sql, *count_args
-        )
-
-        count = sum(row["count"] for row in count_results if row["room_id"] in room_ids)
-
-        return {
-            "results": [
-                {"event": event_map[r["event_id"]], "rank": r["rank"]}
-                for r in results
-                if r["event_id"] in event_map
-            ],
-            "highlights": highlights,
-            "count": count,
-        }
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def search_rooms(self, room_ids, search_term, keys, limit, pagination_token=None):
-        """Performs a full text search over events with given keys.
-
-        Args:
-            room_id (list): The room_ids to search in
-            search_term (str): Search term to search for
-            keys (list): List of keys to search in, currently supports
-                "content.body", "content.name", "content.topic"
-            pagination_token (str): A pagination token previously returned
-
-        Returns:
-            list of dicts
-        """
-        clauses = []
-
-        search_query = search_query = _parse_query(self.database_engine, search_term)
-
-        args = []
-
-        # Make sure we don't explode because the person is in too many rooms.
-        # We filter the results below regardless.
-        if len(room_ids) < 500:
-            clause, args = make_in_list_sql_clause(
-                self.database_engine, "room_id", room_ids
-            )
-            clauses = [clause]
-
-        local_clauses = []
-        for key in keys:
-            local_clauses.append("key = ?")
-            args.append(key)
-
-        clauses.append("(%s)" % (" OR ".join(local_clauses),))
-
-        # take copies of the current args and clauses lists, before adding
-        # pagination clauses to main query.
-        count_args = list(args)
-        count_clauses = list(clauses)
-
-        if pagination_token:
-            try:
-                origin_server_ts, stream = pagination_token.split(",")
-                origin_server_ts = int(origin_server_ts)
-                stream = int(stream)
-            except Exception:
-                raise SynapseError(400, "Invalid pagination token")
-
-            clauses.append(
-                "(origin_server_ts < ?"
-                " OR (origin_server_ts = ? AND stream_ordering < ?))"
-            )
-            args.extend([origin_server_ts, origin_server_ts, stream])
-
-        if isinstance(self.database_engine, PostgresEngine):
-            sql = (
-                "SELECT ts_rank_cd(vector, to_tsquery('english', ?)) as rank,"
-                " origin_server_ts, stream_ordering, room_id, event_id"
-                " FROM event_search"
-                " WHERE vector @@ to_tsquery('english', ?) AND "
-            )
-            args = [search_query, search_query] + args
-
-            count_sql = (
-                "SELECT room_id, count(*) as count FROM event_search"
-                " WHERE vector @@ to_tsquery('english', ?) AND "
-            )
-            count_args = [search_query] + count_args
-        elif isinstance(self.database_engine, Sqlite3Engine):
-            # We use CROSS JOIN here to ensure we use the right indexes.
-            # https://sqlite.org/optoverview.html#crossjoin
-            #
-            # We want to use the full text search index on event_search to
-            # extract all possible matches first, then lookup those matches
-            # in the events table to get the topological ordering. We need
-            # to use the indexes in this order because sqlite refuses to
-            # MATCH unless it uses the full text search index
-            sql = (
-                "SELECT rank(matchinfo) as rank, room_id, event_id,"
-                " origin_server_ts, stream_ordering"
-                " FROM (SELECT key, event_id, matchinfo(event_search) as matchinfo"
-                " FROM event_search"
-                " WHERE value MATCH ?"
-                " )"
-                " CROSS JOIN events USING (event_id)"
-                " WHERE "
-            )
-            args = [search_query] + args
-
-            count_sql = (
-                "SELECT room_id, count(*) as count FROM event_search"
-                " WHERE value MATCH ? AND "
-            )
-            count_args = [search_term] + count_args
-        else:
-            # This should be unreachable.
-            raise Exception("Unrecognized database engine")
-
-        sql += " AND ".join(clauses)
-        count_sql += " AND ".join(count_clauses)
-
-        # We add an arbitrary limit here to ensure we don't try to pull the
-        # entire table from the database.
-        if isinstance(self.database_engine, PostgresEngine):
-            sql += (
-                " ORDER BY origin_server_ts DESC NULLS LAST,"
-                " stream_ordering DESC NULLS LAST LIMIT ?"
-            )
-        elif isinstance(self.database_engine, Sqlite3Engine):
-            sql += " ORDER BY origin_server_ts DESC, stream_ordering DESC LIMIT ?"
-        else:
-            raise Exception("Unrecognized database engine")
-
-        args.append(limit)
-
-        results = yield self._execute("search_rooms", self.cursor_to_dict, sql, *args)
-
-        results = list(filter(lambda row: row["room_id"] in room_ids, results))
-
-        events = yield self.get_events_as_list([r["event_id"] for r in results])
-
-        event_map = {ev.event_id: ev for ev in events}
-
-        highlights = None
-        if isinstance(self.database_engine, PostgresEngine):
-            highlights = yield self._find_highlights_in_postgres(search_query, events)
-
-        count_sql += " GROUP BY room_id"
-
-        count_results = yield self._execute(
-            "search_rooms_count", self.cursor_to_dict, count_sql, *count_args
-        )
-
-        count = sum(row["count"] for row in count_results if row["room_id"] in room_ids)
-
-        return {
-            "results": [
-                {
-                    "event": event_map[r["event_id"]],
-                    "rank": r["rank"],
-                    "pagination_token": "%s,%s"
-                    % (r["origin_server_ts"], r["stream_ordering"]),
-                }
-                for r in results
-                if r["event_id"] in event_map
-            ],
-            "highlights": highlights,
-            "count": count,
-        }
-
-    def _find_highlights_in_postgres(self, search_query, events):
-        """Given a list of events and a search term, return a list of words
-        that match from the content of the event.
-
-        This is used to give a list of words that clients can match against to
-        highlight the matching parts.
-
-        Args:
-            search_query (str)
-            events (list): A list of events
-
-        Returns:
-            deferred : A set of strings.
-        """
-
-        def f(txn):
-            highlight_words = set()
-            for event in events:
-                # As a hack we simply join values of all possible keys. This is
-                # fine since we're only using them to find possible highlights.
-                values = []
-                for key in ("body", "name", "topic"):
-                    v = event.content.get(key, None)
-                    if v:
-                        values.append(v)
-
-                if not values:
-                    continue
-
-                value = " ".join(values)
-
-                # We need to find some values for StartSel and StopSel that
-                # aren't in the value so that we can pick results out.
-                start_sel = "<"
-                stop_sel = ">"
-
-                while start_sel in value:
-                    start_sel += "<"
-                while stop_sel in value:
-                    stop_sel += ">"
-
-                query = "SELECT ts_headline(?, to_tsquery('english', ?), %s)" % (
-                    _to_postgres_options(
-                        {
-                            "StartSel": start_sel,
-                            "StopSel": stop_sel,
-                            "MaxFragments": "50",
-                        }
-                    )
-                )
-                txn.execute(query, (value, search_query))
-                headline, = txn.fetchall()[0]
-
-                # Now we need to pick the possible highlights out of the haedline
-                # result.
-                matcher_regex = "%s(.*?)%s" % (
-                    re.escape(start_sel),
-                    re.escape(stop_sel),
-                )
-
-                res = re.findall(matcher_regex, headline)
-                highlight_words.update([r.lower() for r in res])
-
-            return highlight_words
-
-        return self.runInteraction("_find_highlights", f)
-
-
-def _to_postgres_options(options_dict):
-    return "'%s'" % (",".join("%s=%s" % (k, v) for k, v in options_dict.items()),)
-
-
-def _parse_query(database_engine, search_term):
-    """Takes a plain unicode string from the user and converts it into a form
-    that can be passed to database.
-    We use this so that we can add prefix matching, which isn't something
-    that is supported by default.
-    """
-
-    # Pull out the individual words, discarding any non-word characters.
-    results = re.findall(r"([\w\-]+)", search_term, re.UNICODE)
-
-    if isinstance(database_engine, PostgresEngine):
-        return " & ".join(result + ":*" for result in results)
-    elif isinstance(database_engine, Sqlite3Engine):
-        return " & ".join(result + "*" for result in results)
-    else:
-        # This should be unreachable.
-        raise Exception("Unrecognized database engine")
diff --git a/synapse/storage/signatures.py b/synapse/storage/signatures.py
deleted file mode 100644
index fb83218f90..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/signatures.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,102 +0,0 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-# Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-
-import six
-
-from unpaddedbase64 import encode_base64
-
-from twisted.internet import defer
-
-from synapse.crypto.event_signing import compute_event_reference_hash
-from synapse.util.caches.descriptors import cached, cachedList
-
-from ._base import SQLBaseStore
-
-# py2 sqlite has buffer hardcoded as only binary type, so we must use it,
-# despite being deprecated and removed in favor of memoryview
-if six.PY2:
-    db_binary_type = six.moves.builtins.buffer
-else:
-    db_binary_type = memoryview
-
-
-class SignatureWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
-    @cached()
-    def get_event_reference_hash(self, event_id):
-        # This is a dummy function to allow get_event_reference_hashes
-        # to use its cache
-        raise NotImplementedError()
-
-    @cachedList(
-        cached_method_name="get_event_reference_hash", list_name="event_ids", num_args=1
-    )
-    def get_event_reference_hashes(self, event_ids):
-        def f(txn):
-            return {
-                event_id: self._get_event_reference_hashes_txn(txn, event_id)
-                for event_id in event_ids
-            }
-
-        return self.runInteraction("get_event_reference_hashes", f)
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def add_event_hashes(self, event_ids):
-        hashes = yield self.get_event_reference_hashes(event_ids)
-        hashes = {
-            e_id: {k: encode_base64(v) for k, v in h.items() if k == "sha256"}
-            for e_id, h in hashes.items()
-        }
-
-        return list(hashes.items())
-
-    def _get_event_reference_hashes_txn(self, txn, event_id):
-        """Get all the hashes for a given PDU.
-        Args:
-            txn (cursor):
-            event_id (str): Id for the Event.
-        Returns:
-            A dict[unicode, bytes] of algorithm -> hash.
-        """
-        query = (
-            "SELECT algorithm, hash"
-            " FROM event_reference_hashes"
-            " WHERE event_id = ?"
-        )
-        txn.execute(query, (event_id,))
-        return {k: v for k, v in txn}
-
-
-class SignatureStore(SignatureWorkerStore):
-    """Persistence for event signatures and hashes"""
-
-    def _store_event_reference_hashes_txn(self, txn, events):
-        """Store a hash for a PDU
-        Args:
-            txn (cursor):
-            events (list): list of Events.
-        """
-
-        vals = []
-        for event in events:
-            ref_alg, ref_hash_bytes = compute_event_reference_hash(event)
-            vals.append(
-                {
-                    "event_id": event.event_id,
-                    "algorithm": ref_alg,
-                    "hash": db_binary_type(ref_hash_bytes),
-                }
-            )
-
-        self._simple_insert_many_txn(txn, table="event_reference_hashes", values=vals)
diff --git a/synapse/storage/state.py b/synapse/storage/state.py
index a941a5ae3f..a2df8fa827 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/state.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/state.py
@@ -14,45 +14,16 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 
 import logging
-from collections import namedtuple
 
 from six import iteritems, itervalues
-from six.moves import range
 
 import attr
 
-from twisted.internet import defer
-
 from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes
-from synapse.api.errors import NotFoundError
-from synapse.storage._base import SQLBaseStore
-from synapse.storage.background_updates import BackgroundUpdateStore
-from synapse.storage.engines import PostgresEngine
-from synapse.storage.events_worker import EventsWorkerStore
-from synapse.util.caches import get_cache_factor_for, intern_string
-from synapse.util.caches.descriptors import cached, cachedList
-from synapse.util.caches.dictionary_cache import DictionaryCache
-from synapse.util.stringutils import to_ascii
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
-MAX_STATE_DELTA_HOPS = 100
-
-
-class _GetStateGroupDelta(
-    namedtuple("_GetStateGroupDelta", ("prev_group", "delta_ids"))
-):
-    """Return type of get_state_group_delta that implements __len__, which lets
-    us use the itrable flag when caching
-    """
-
-    __slots__ = []
-
-    def __len__(self):
-        return len(self.delta_ids) if self.delta_ids else 0
-
-
 @attr.s(slots=True)
 class StateFilter(object):
     """A filter used when querying for state.
@@ -351,1195 +322,3 @@ class StateFilter(object):
         )
 
         return member_filter, non_member_filter
-
-
-class StateGroupBackgroundUpdateStore(SQLBaseStore):
-    """Defines functions related to state groups needed to run the state backgroud
-    updates.
-    """
-
-    def _count_state_group_hops_txn(self, txn, state_group):
-        """Given a state group, count how many hops there are in the tree.
-
-        This is used to ensure the delta chains don't get too long.
-        """
-        if isinstance(self.database_engine, PostgresEngine):
-            sql = """
-                WITH RECURSIVE state(state_group) AS (
-                    VALUES(?::bigint)
-                    UNION ALL
-                    SELECT prev_state_group FROM state_group_edges e, state s
-                    WHERE s.state_group = e.state_group
-                )
-                SELECT count(*) FROM state;
-            """
-
-            txn.execute(sql, (state_group,))
-            row = txn.fetchone()
-            if row and row[0]:
-                return row[0]
-            else:
-                return 0
-        else:
-            # We don't use WITH RECURSIVE on sqlite3 as there are distributions
-            # that ship with an sqlite3 version that doesn't support it (e.g. wheezy)
-            next_group = state_group
-            count = 0
-
-            while next_group:
-                next_group = self._simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
-                    txn,
-                    table="state_group_edges",
-                    keyvalues={"state_group": next_group},
-                    retcol="prev_state_group",
-                    allow_none=True,
-                )
-                if next_group:
-                    count += 1
-
-            return count
-
-    def _get_state_groups_from_groups_txn(
-        self, txn, groups, state_filter=StateFilter.all()
-    ):
-        results = {group: {} for group in groups}
-
-        where_clause, where_args = state_filter.make_sql_filter_clause()
-
-        # Unless the filter clause is empty, we're going to append it after an
-        # existing where clause
-        if where_clause:
-            where_clause = " AND (%s)" % (where_clause,)
-
-        if isinstance(self.database_engine, PostgresEngine):
-            # Temporarily disable sequential scans in this transaction. This is
-            # a temporary hack until we can add the right indices in
-            txn.execute("SET LOCAL enable_seqscan=off")
-
-            # The below query walks the state_group tree so that the "state"
-            # table includes all state_groups in the tree. It then joins
-            # against `state_groups_state` to fetch the latest state.
-            # It assumes that previous state groups are always numerically
-            # lesser.
-            # The PARTITION is used to get the event_id in the greatest state
-            # group for the given type, state_key.
-            # This may return multiple rows per (type, state_key), but last_value
-            # should be the same.
-            sql = """
-                WITH RECURSIVE state(state_group) AS (
-                    VALUES(?::bigint)
-                    UNION ALL
-                    SELECT prev_state_group FROM state_group_edges e, state s
-                    WHERE s.state_group = e.state_group
-                )
-                SELECT DISTINCT type, state_key, last_value(event_id) OVER (
-                    PARTITION BY type, state_key ORDER BY state_group ASC
-                    ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING
-                ) AS event_id FROM state_groups_state
-                WHERE state_group IN (
-                    SELECT state_group FROM state
-                )
-            """
-
-            for group in groups:
-                args = [group]
-                args.extend(where_args)
-
-                txn.execute(sql + where_clause, args)
-                for row in txn:
-                    typ, state_key, event_id = row
-                    key = (typ, state_key)
-                    results[group][key] = event_id
-        else:
-            max_entries_returned = state_filter.max_entries_returned()
-
-            # We don't use WITH RECURSIVE on sqlite3 as there are distributions
-            # that ship with an sqlite3 version that doesn't support it (e.g. wheezy)
-            for group in groups:
-                next_group = group
-
-                while next_group:
-                    # We did this before by getting the list of group ids, and
-                    # then passing that list to sqlite to get latest event for
-                    # each (type, state_key). However, that was terribly slow
-                    # without the right indices (which we can't add until
-                    # after we finish deduping state, which requires this func)
-                    args = [next_group]
-                    args.extend(where_args)
-
-                    txn.execute(
-                        "SELECT type, state_key, event_id FROM state_groups_state"
-                        " WHERE state_group = ? " + where_clause,
-                        args,
-                    )
-                    results[group].update(
-                        ((typ, state_key), event_id)
-                        for typ, state_key, event_id in txn
-                        if (typ, state_key) not in results[group]
-                    )
-
-                    # If the number of entries in the (type,state_key)->event_id dict
-                    # matches the number of (type,state_keys) types we were searching
-                    # for, then we must have found them all, so no need to go walk
-                    # further down the tree... UNLESS our types filter contained
-                    # wildcards (i.e. Nones) in which case we have to do an exhaustive
-                    # search
-                    if (
-                        max_entries_returned is not None
-                        and len(results[group]) == max_entries_returned
-                    ):
-                        break
-
-                    next_group = self._simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
-                        txn,
-                        table="state_group_edges",
-                        keyvalues={"state_group": next_group},
-                        retcol="prev_state_group",
-                        allow_none=True,
-                    )
-
-        return results
-
-
-# this inherits from EventsWorkerStore because it calls self.get_events
-class StateGroupWorkerStore(
-    EventsWorkerStore, StateGroupBackgroundUpdateStore, SQLBaseStore
-):
-    """The parts of StateGroupStore that can be called from workers.
-    """
-
-    STATE_GROUP_DEDUPLICATION_UPDATE_NAME = "state_group_state_deduplication"
-    STATE_GROUP_INDEX_UPDATE_NAME = "state_group_state_type_index"
-    CURRENT_STATE_INDEX_UPDATE_NAME = "current_state_members_idx"
-
-    def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
-        super(StateGroupWorkerStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
-
-        # Originally the state store used a single DictionaryCache to cache the
-        # event IDs for the state types in a given state group to avoid hammering
-        # on the state_group* tables.
-        #
-        # The point of using a DictionaryCache is that it can cache a subset
-        # of the state events for a given state group (i.e. a subset of the keys for a
-        # given dict which is an entry in the cache for a given state group ID).
-        #
-        # However, this poses problems when performing complicated queries
-        # on the store - for instance: "give me all the state for this group, but
-        # limit members to this subset of users", as DictionaryCache's API isn't
-        # rich enough to say "please cache any of these fields, apart from this subset".
-        # This is problematic when lazy loading members, which requires this behaviour,
-        # as without it the cache has no choice but to speculatively load all
-        # state events for the group, which negates the efficiency being sought.
-        #
-        # Rather than overcomplicating DictionaryCache's API, we instead split the
-        # state_group_cache into two halves - one for tracking non-member events,
-        # and the other for tracking member_events.  This means that lazy loading
-        # queries can be made in a cache-friendly manner by querying both caches
-        # separately and then merging the result.  So for the example above, you
-        # would query the members cache for a specific subset of state keys
-        # (which DictionaryCache will handle efficiently and fine) and the non-members
-        # cache for all state (which DictionaryCache will similarly handle fine)
-        # and then just merge the results together.
-        #
-        # We size the non-members cache to be smaller than the members cache as the
-        # vast majority of state in Matrix (today) is member events.
-
-        self._state_group_cache = DictionaryCache(
-            "*stateGroupCache*",
-            # TODO: this hasn't been tuned yet
-            50000 * get_cache_factor_for("stateGroupCache"),
-        )
-        self._state_group_members_cache = DictionaryCache(
-            "*stateGroupMembersCache*",
-            500000 * get_cache_factor_for("stateGroupMembersCache"),
-        )
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_room_version(self, room_id):
-        """Get the room_version of a given room
-
-        Args:
-            room_id (str)
-
-        Returns:
-            Deferred[str]
-
-        Raises:
-            NotFoundError if the room is unknown
-        """
-        # for now we do this by looking at the create event. We may want to cache this
-        # more intelligently in future.
-
-        # Retrieve the room's create event
-        create_event = yield self.get_create_event_for_room(room_id)
-        return create_event.content.get("room_version", "1")
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_room_predecessor(self, room_id):
-        """Get the predecessor room of an upgraded room if one exists.
-        Otherwise return None.
-
-        Args:
-            room_id (str)
-
-        Returns:
-            Deferred[unicode|None]: predecessor room id
-
-        Raises:
-            NotFoundError if the room is unknown
-        """
-        # Retrieve the room's create event
-        create_event = yield self.get_create_event_for_room(room_id)
-
-        # Return predecessor if present
-        return create_event.content.get("predecessor", None)
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_create_event_for_room(self, room_id):
-        """Get the create state event for a room.
-
-        Args:
-            room_id (str)
-
-        Returns:
-            Deferred[EventBase]: The room creation event.
-
-        Raises:
-            NotFoundError if the room is unknown
-        """
-        state_ids = yield self.get_current_state_ids(room_id)
-        create_id = state_ids.get((EventTypes.Create, ""))
-
-        # If we can't find the create event, assume we've hit a dead end
-        if not create_id:
-            raise NotFoundError("Unknown room %s" % (room_id))
-
-        # Retrieve the room's create event and return
-        create_event = yield self.get_event(create_id)
-        return create_event
-
-    @cached(max_entries=100000, iterable=True)
-    def get_current_state_ids(self, room_id):
-        """Get the current state event ids for a room based on the
-        current_state_events table.
-
-        Args:
-            room_id (str)
-
-        Returns:
-            deferred: dict of (type, state_key) -> event_id
-        """
-
-        def _get_current_state_ids_txn(txn):
-            txn.execute(
-                """SELECT type, state_key, event_id FROM current_state_events
-                WHERE room_id = ?
-                """,
-                (room_id,),
-            )
-
-            return {
-                (intern_string(r[0]), intern_string(r[1])): to_ascii(r[2]) for r in txn
-            }
-
-        return self.runInteraction("get_current_state_ids", _get_current_state_ids_txn)
-
-    # FIXME: how should this be cached?
-    def get_filtered_current_state_ids(self, room_id, state_filter=StateFilter.all()):
-        """Get the current state event of a given type for a room based on the
-        current_state_events table.  This may not be as up-to-date as the result
-        of doing a fresh state resolution as per state_handler.get_current_state
-
-        Args:
-            room_id (str)
-            state_filter (StateFilter): The state filter used to fetch state
-                from the database.
-
-        Returns:
-            Deferred[dict[tuple[str, str], str]]: Map from type/state_key to
-            event ID.
-        """
-
-        where_clause, where_args = state_filter.make_sql_filter_clause()
-
-        if not where_clause:
-            # We delegate to the cached version
-            return self.get_current_state_ids(room_id)
-
-        def _get_filtered_current_state_ids_txn(txn):
-            results = {}
-            sql = """
-                SELECT type, state_key, event_id FROM current_state_events
-                WHERE room_id = ?
-            """
-
-            if where_clause:
-                sql += " AND (%s)" % (where_clause,)
-
-            args = [room_id]
-            args.extend(where_args)
-            txn.execute(sql, args)
-            for row in txn:
-                typ, state_key, event_id = row
-                key = (intern_string(typ), intern_string(state_key))
-                results[key] = event_id
-
-            return results
-
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "get_filtered_current_state_ids", _get_filtered_current_state_ids_txn
-        )
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_canonical_alias_for_room(self, room_id):
-        """Get canonical alias for room, if any
-
-        Args:
-            room_id (str)
-
-        Returns:
-            Deferred[str|None]: The canonical alias, if any
-        """
-
-        state = yield self.get_filtered_current_state_ids(
-            room_id, StateFilter.from_types([(EventTypes.CanonicalAlias, "")])
-        )
-
-        event_id = state.get((EventTypes.CanonicalAlias, ""))
-        if not event_id:
-            return
-
-        event = yield self.get_event(event_id, allow_none=True)
-        if not event:
-            return
-
-        return event.content.get("canonical_alias")
-
-    @cached(max_entries=10000, iterable=True)
-    def get_state_group_delta(self, state_group):
-        """Given a state group try to return a previous group and a delta between
-        the old and the new.
-
-        Returns:
-            (prev_group, delta_ids), where both may be None.
-        """
-
-        def _get_state_group_delta_txn(txn):
-            prev_group = self._simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
-                txn,
-                table="state_group_edges",
-                keyvalues={"state_group": state_group},
-                retcol="prev_state_group",
-                allow_none=True,
-            )
-
-            if not prev_group:
-                return _GetStateGroupDelta(None, None)
-
-            delta_ids = self._simple_select_list_txn(
-                txn,
-                table="state_groups_state",
-                keyvalues={"state_group": state_group},
-                retcols=("type", "state_key", "event_id"),
-            )
-
-            return _GetStateGroupDelta(
-                prev_group,
-                {(row["type"], row["state_key"]): row["event_id"] for row in delta_ids},
-            )
-
-        return self.runInteraction("get_state_group_delta", _get_state_group_delta_txn)
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_state_groups_ids(self, _room_id, event_ids):
-        """Get the event IDs of all the state for the state groups for the given events
-
-        Args:
-            _room_id (str): id of the room for these events
-            event_ids (iterable[str]): ids of the events
-
-        Returns:
-            Deferred[dict[int, dict[tuple[str, str], str]]]:
-                dict of state_group_id -> (dict of (type, state_key) -> event id)
-        """
-        if not event_ids:
-            return {}
-
-        event_to_groups = yield self._get_state_group_for_events(event_ids)
-
-        groups = set(itervalues(event_to_groups))
-        group_to_state = yield self._get_state_for_groups(groups)
-
-        return group_to_state
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_state_ids_for_group(self, state_group):
-        """Get the event IDs of all the state in the given state group
-
-        Args:
-            state_group (int)
-
-        Returns:
-            Deferred[dict]: Resolves to a map of (type, state_key) -> event_id
-        """
-        group_to_state = yield self._get_state_for_groups((state_group,))
-
-        return group_to_state[state_group]
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_state_groups(self, room_id, event_ids):
-        """ Get the state groups for the given list of event_ids
-
-        Returns:
-            Deferred[dict[int, list[EventBase]]]:
-                dict of state_group_id -> list of state events.
-        """
-        if not event_ids:
-            return {}
-
-        group_to_ids = yield self.get_state_groups_ids(room_id, event_ids)
-
-        state_event_map = yield self.get_events(
-            [
-                ev_id
-                for group_ids in itervalues(group_to_ids)
-                for ev_id in itervalues(group_ids)
-            ],
-            get_prev_content=False,
-        )
-
-        return {
-            group: [
-                state_event_map[v]
-                for v in itervalues(event_id_map)
-                if v in state_event_map
-            ]
-            for group, event_id_map in iteritems(group_to_ids)
-        }
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _get_state_groups_from_groups(self, groups, state_filter):
-        """Returns the state groups for a given set of groups, filtering on
-        types of state events.
-
-        Args:
-            groups(list[int]): list of state group IDs to query
-            state_filter (StateFilter): The state filter used to fetch state
-                from the database.
-        Returns:
-            Deferred[dict[int, dict[tuple[str, str], str]]]:
-                dict of state_group_id -> (dict of (type, state_key) -> event id)
-        """
-        results = {}
-
-        chunks = [groups[i : i + 100] for i in range(0, len(groups), 100)]
-        for chunk in chunks:
-            res = yield self.runInteraction(
-                "_get_state_groups_from_groups",
-                self._get_state_groups_from_groups_txn,
-                chunk,
-                state_filter,
-            )
-            results.update(res)
-
-        return results
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_state_for_events(self, event_ids, state_filter=StateFilter.all()):
-        """Given a list of event_ids and type tuples, return a list of state
-        dicts for each event.
-
-        Args:
-            event_ids (list[string])
-            state_filter (StateFilter): The state filter used to fetch state
-                from the database.
-
-        Returns:
-            deferred: A dict of (event_id) -> (type, state_key) -> [state_events]
-        """
-        event_to_groups = yield self._get_state_group_for_events(event_ids)
-
-        groups = set(itervalues(event_to_groups))
-        group_to_state = yield self._get_state_for_groups(groups, state_filter)
-
-        state_event_map = yield self.get_events(
-            [ev_id for sd in itervalues(group_to_state) for ev_id in itervalues(sd)],
-            get_prev_content=False,
-        )
-
-        event_to_state = {
-            event_id: {
-                k: state_event_map[v]
-                for k, v in iteritems(group_to_state[group])
-                if v in state_event_map
-            }
-            for event_id, group in iteritems(event_to_groups)
-        }
-
-        return {event: event_to_state[event] for event in event_ids}
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_state_ids_for_events(self, event_ids, state_filter=StateFilter.all()):
-        """
-        Get the state dicts corresponding to a list of events, containing the event_ids
-        of the state events (as opposed to the events themselves)
-
-        Args:
-            event_ids(list(str)): events whose state should be returned
-            state_filter (StateFilter): The state filter used to fetch state
-                from the database.
-
-        Returns:
-            A deferred dict from event_id -> (type, state_key) -> event_id
-        """
-        event_to_groups = yield self._get_state_group_for_events(event_ids)
-
-        groups = set(itervalues(event_to_groups))
-        group_to_state = yield self._get_state_for_groups(groups, state_filter)
-
-        event_to_state = {
-            event_id: group_to_state[group]
-            for event_id, group in iteritems(event_to_groups)
-        }
-
-        return {event: event_to_state[event] for event in event_ids}
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_state_for_event(self, event_id, state_filter=StateFilter.all()):
-        """
-        Get the state dict corresponding to a particular event
-
-        Args:
-            event_id(str): event whose state should be returned
-            state_filter (StateFilter): The state filter used to fetch state
-                from the database.
-
-        Returns:
-            A deferred dict from (type, state_key) -> state_event
-        """
-        state_map = yield self.get_state_for_events([event_id], state_filter)
-        return state_map[event_id]
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_state_ids_for_event(self, event_id, state_filter=StateFilter.all()):
-        """
-        Get the state dict corresponding to a particular event
-
-        Args:
-            event_id(str): event whose state should be returned
-            state_filter (StateFilter): The state filter used to fetch state
-                from the database.
-
-        Returns:
-            A deferred dict from (type, state_key) -> state_event
-        """
-        state_map = yield self.get_state_ids_for_events([event_id], state_filter)
-        return state_map[event_id]
-
-    @cached(max_entries=50000)
-    def _get_state_group_for_event(self, event_id):
-        return self._simple_select_one_onecol(
-            table="event_to_state_groups",
-            keyvalues={"event_id": event_id},
-            retcol="state_group",
-            allow_none=True,
-            desc="_get_state_group_for_event",
-        )
-
-    @cachedList(
-        cached_method_name="_get_state_group_for_event",
-        list_name="event_ids",
-        num_args=1,
-        inlineCallbacks=True,
-    )
-    def _get_state_group_for_events(self, event_ids):
-        """Returns mapping event_id -> state_group
-        """
-        rows = yield self._simple_select_many_batch(
-            table="event_to_state_groups",
-            column="event_id",
-            iterable=event_ids,
-            keyvalues={},
-            retcols=("event_id", "state_group"),
-            desc="_get_state_group_for_events",
-        )
-
-        return {row["event_id"]: row["state_group"] for row in rows}
-
-    def _get_state_for_group_using_cache(self, cache, group, state_filter):
-        """Checks if group is in cache. See `_get_state_for_groups`
-
-        Args:
-            cache(DictionaryCache): the state group cache to use
-            group(int): The state group to lookup
-            state_filter (StateFilter): The state filter used to fetch state
-                from the database.
-
-        Returns 2-tuple (`state_dict`, `got_all`).
-        `got_all` is a bool indicating if we successfully retrieved all
-        requests state from the cache, if False we need to query the DB for the
-        missing state.
-        """
-        is_all, known_absent, state_dict_ids = cache.get(group)
-
-        if is_all or state_filter.is_full():
-            # Either we have everything or want everything, either way
-            # `is_all` tells us whether we've gotten everything.
-            return state_filter.filter_state(state_dict_ids), is_all
-
-        # tracks whether any of our requested types are missing from the cache
-        missing_types = False
-
-        if state_filter.has_wildcards():
-            # We don't know if we fetched all the state keys for the types in
-            # the filter that are wildcards, so we have to assume that we may
-            # have missed some.
-            missing_types = True
-        else:
-            # There aren't any wild cards, so `concrete_types()` returns the
-            # complete list of event types we're wanting.
-            for key in state_filter.concrete_types():
-                if key not in state_dict_ids and key not in known_absent:
-                    missing_types = True
-                    break
-
-        return state_filter.filter_state(state_dict_ids), not missing_types
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _get_state_for_groups(self, groups, state_filter=StateFilter.all()):
-        """Gets the state at each of a list of state groups, optionally
-        filtering by type/state_key
-
-        Args:
-            groups (iterable[int]): list of state groups for which we want
-                to get the state.
-            state_filter (StateFilter): The state filter used to fetch state
-                from the database.
-        Returns:
-            Deferred[dict[int, dict[tuple[str, str], str]]]:
-                dict of state_group_id -> (dict of (type, state_key) -> event id)
-        """
-
-        member_filter, non_member_filter = state_filter.get_member_split()
-
-        # Now we look them up in the member and non-member caches
-        non_member_state, incomplete_groups_nm, = (
-            yield self._get_state_for_groups_using_cache(
-                groups, self._state_group_cache, state_filter=non_member_filter
-            )
-        )
-
-        member_state, incomplete_groups_m, = (
-            yield self._get_state_for_groups_using_cache(
-                groups, self._state_group_members_cache, state_filter=member_filter
-            )
-        )
-
-        state = dict(non_member_state)
-        for group in groups:
-            state[group].update(member_state[group])
-
-        # Now fetch any missing groups from the database
-
-        incomplete_groups = incomplete_groups_m | incomplete_groups_nm
-
-        if not incomplete_groups:
-            return state
-
-        cache_sequence_nm = self._state_group_cache.sequence
-        cache_sequence_m = self._state_group_members_cache.sequence
-
-        # Help the cache hit ratio by expanding the filter a bit
-        db_state_filter = state_filter.return_expanded()
-
-        group_to_state_dict = yield self._get_state_groups_from_groups(
-            list(incomplete_groups), state_filter=db_state_filter
-        )
-
-        # Now lets update the caches
-        self._insert_into_cache(
-            group_to_state_dict,
-            db_state_filter,
-            cache_seq_num_members=cache_sequence_m,
-            cache_seq_num_non_members=cache_sequence_nm,
-        )
-
-        # And finally update the result dict, by filtering out any extra
-        # stuff we pulled out of the database.
-        for group, group_state_dict in iteritems(group_to_state_dict):
-            # We just replace any existing entries, as we will have loaded
-            # everything we need from the database anyway.
-            state[group] = state_filter.filter_state(group_state_dict)
-
-        return state
-
-    def _get_state_for_groups_using_cache(self, groups, cache, state_filter):
-        """Gets the state at each of a list of state groups, optionally
-        filtering by type/state_key, querying from a specific cache.
-
-        Args:
-            groups (iterable[int]): list of state groups for which we want
-                to get the state.
-            cache (DictionaryCache): the cache of group ids to state dicts which
-                we will pass through - either the normal state cache or the specific
-                members state cache.
-            state_filter (StateFilter): The state filter used to fetch state
-                from the database.
-
-        Returns:
-            tuple[dict[int, dict[tuple[str, str], str]], set[int]]: Tuple of
-            dict of state_group_id -> (dict of (type, state_key) -> event id)
-            of entries in the cache, and the state group ids either missing
-            from the cache or incomplete.
-        """
-        results = {}
-        incomplete_groups = set()
-        for group in set(groups):
-            state_dict_ids, got_all = self._get_state_for_group_using_cache(
-                cache, group, state_filter
-            )
-            results[group] = state_dict_ids
-
-            if not got_all:
-                incomplete_groups.add(group)
-
-        return results, incomplete_groups
-
-    def _insert_into_cache(
-        self,
-        group_to_state_dict,
-        state_filter,
-        cache_seq_num_members,
-        cache_seq_num_non_members,
-    ):
-        """Inserts results from querying the database into the relevant cache.
-
-        Args:
-            group_to_state_dict (dict): The new entries pulled from database.
-                Map from state group to state dict
-            state_filter (StateFilter): The state filter used to fetch state
-                from the database.
-            cache_seq_num_members (int): Sequence number of member cache since
-                last lookup in cache
-            cache_seq_num_non_members (int): Sequence number of member cache since
-                last lookup in cache
-        """
-
-        # We need to work out which types we've fetched from the DB for the
-        # member vs non-member caches. This should be as accurate as possible,
-        # but can be an underestimate (e.g. when we have wild cards)
-
-        member_filter, non_member_filter = state_filter.get_member_split()
-        if member_filter.is_full():
-            # We fetched all member events
-            member_types = None
-        else:
-            # `concrete_types()` will only return a subset when there are wild
-            # cards in the filter, but that's fine.
-            member_types = member_filter.concrete_types()
-
-        if non_member_filter.is_full():
-            # We fetched all non member events
-            non_member_types = None
-        else:
-            non_member_types = non_member_filter.concrete_types()
-
-        for group, group_state_dict in iteritems(group_to_state_dict):
-            state_dict_members = {}
-            state_dict_non_members = {}
-
-            for k, v in iteritems(group_state_dict):
-                if k[0] == EventTypes.Member:
-                    state_dict_members[k] = v
-                else:
-                    state_dict_non_members[k] = v
-
-            self._state_group_members_cache.update(
-                cache_seq_num_members,
-                key=group,
-                value=state_dict_members,
-                fetched_keys=member_types,
-            )
-
-            self._state_group_cache.update(
-                cache_seq_num_non_members,
-                key=group,
-                value=state_dict_non_members,
-                fetched_keys=non_member_types,
-            )
-
-    def store_state_group(
-        self, event_id, room_id, prev_group, delta_ids, current_state_ids
-    ):
-        """Store a new set of state, returning a newly assigned state group.
-
-        Args:
-            event_id (str): The event ID for which the state was calculated
-            room_id (str)
-            prev_group (int|None): A previous state group for the room, optional.
-            delta_ids (dict|None): The delta between state at `prev_group` and
-                `current_state_ids`, if `prev_group` was given. Same format as
-                `current_state_ids`.
-            current_state_ids (dict): The state to store. Map of (type, state_key)
-                to event_id.
-
-        Returns:
-            Deferred[int]: The state group ID
-        """
-
-        def _store_state_group_txn(txn):
-            if current_state_ids is None:
-                # AFAIK, this can never happen
-                raise Exception("current_state_ids cannot be None")
-
-            state_group = self.database_engine.get_next_state_group_id(txn)
-
-            self._simple_insert_txn(
-                txn,
-                table="state_groups",
-                values={"id": state_group, "room_id": room_id, "event_id": event_id},
-            )
-
-            # We persist as a delta if we can, while also ensuring the chain
-            # of deltas isn't tooo long, as otherwise read performance degrades.
-            if prev_group:
-                is_in_db = self._simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
-                    txn,
-                    table="state_groups",
-                    keyvalues={"id": prev_group},
-                    retcol="id",
-                    allow_none=True,
-                )
-                if not is_in_db:
-                    raise Exception(
-                        "Trying to persist state with unpersisted prev_group: %r"
-                        % (prev_group,)
-                    )
-
-                potential_hops = self._count_state_group_hops_txn(txn, prev_group)
-            if prev_group and potential_hops < MAX_STATE_DELTA_HOPS:
-                self._simple_insert_txn(
-                    txn,
-                    table="state_group_edges",
-                    values={"state_group": state_group, "prev_state_group": prev_group},
-                )
-
-                self._simple_insert_many_txn(
-                    txn,
-                    table="state_groups_state",
-                    values=[
-                        {
-                            "state_group": state_group,
-                            "room_id": room_id,
-                            "type": key[0],
-                            "state_key": key[1],
-                            "event_id": state_id,
-                        }
-                        for key, state_id in iteritems(delta_ids)
-                    ],
-                )
-            else:
-                self._simple_insert_many_txn(
-                    txn,
-                    table="state_groups_state",
-                    values=[
-                        {
-                            "state_group": state_group,
-                            "room_id": room_id,
-                            "type": key[0],
-                            "state_key": key[1],
-                            "event_id": state_id,
-                        }
-                        for key, state_id in iteritems(current_state_ids)
-                    ],
-                )
-
-            # Prefill the state group caches with this group.
-            # It's fine to use the sequence like this as the state group map
-            # is immutable. (If the map wasn't immutable then this prefill could
-            # race with another update)
-
-            current_member_state_ids = {
-                s: ev
-                for (s, ev) in iteritems(current_state_ids)
-                if s[0] == EventTypes.Member
-            }
-            txn.call_after(
-                self._state_group_members_cache.update,
-                self._state_group_members_cache.sequence,
-                key=state_group,
-                value=dict(current_member_state_ids),
-            )
-
-            current_non_member_state_ids = {
-                s: ev
-                for (s, ev) in iteritems(current_state_ids)
-                if s[0] != EventTypes.Member
-            }
-            txn.call_after(
-                self._state_group_cache.update,
-                self._state_group_cache.sequence,
-                key=state_group,
-                value=dict(current_non_member_state_ids),
-            )
-
-            return state_group
-
-        return self.runInteraction("store_state_group", _store_state_group_txn)
-
-
-class StateBackgroundUpdateStore(
-    StateGroupBackgroundUpdateStore, BackgroundUpdateStore
-):
-
-    STATE_GROUP_DEDUPLICATION_UPDATE_NAME = "state_group_state_deduplication"
-    STATE_GROUP_INDEX_UPDATE_NAME = "state_group_state_type_index"
-    CURRENT_STATE_INDEX_UPDATE_NAME = "current_state_members_idx"
-    EVENT_STATE_GROUP_INDEX_UPDATE_NAME = "event_to_state_groups_sg_index"
-
-    def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
-        super(StateBackgroundUpdateStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
-        self.register_background_update_handler(
-            self.STATE_GROUP_DEDUPLICATION_UPDATE_NAME,
-            self._background_deduplicate_state,
-        )
-        self.register_background_update_handler(
-            self.STATE_GROUP_INDEX_UPDATE_NAME, self._background_index_state
-        )
-        self.register_background_index_update(
-            self.CURRENT_STATE_INDEX_UPDATE_NAME,
-            index_name="current_state_events_member_index",
-            table="current_state_events",
-            columns=["state_key"],
-            where_clause="type='m.room.member'",
-        )
-        self.register_background_index_update(
-            self.EVENT_STATE_GROUP_INDEX_UPDATE_NAME,
-            index_name="event_to_state_groups_sg_index",
-            table="event_to_state_groups",
-            columns=["state_group"],
-        )
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _background_deduplicate_state(self, progress, batch_size):
-        """This background update will slowly deduplicate state by reencoding
-        them as deltas.
-        """
-        last_state_group = progress.get("last_state_group", 0)
-        rows_inserted = progress.get("rows_inserted", 0)
-        max_group = progress.get("max_group", None)
-
-        BATCH_SIZE_SCALE_FACTOR = 100
-
-        batch_size = max(1, int(batch_size / BATCH_SIZE_SCALE_FACTOR))
-
-        if max_group is None:
-            rows = yield self._execute(
-                "_background_deduplicate_state",
-                None,
-                "SELECT coalesce(max(id), 0) FROM state_groups",
-            )
-            max_group = rows[0][0]
-
-        def reindex_txn(txn):
-            new_last_state_group = last_state_group
-            for count in range(batch_size):
-                txn.execute(
-                    "SELECT id, room_id FROM state_groups"
-                    " WHERE ? < id AND id <= ?"
-                    " ORDER BY id ASC"
-                    " LIMIT 1",
-                    (new_last_state_group, max_group),
-                )
-                row = txn.fetchone()
-                if row:
-                    state_group, room_id = row
-
-                if not row or not state_group:
-                    return True, count
-
-                txn.execute(
-                    "SELECT state_group FROM state_group_edges"
-                    " WHERE state_group = ?",
-                    (state_group,),
-                )
-
-                # If we reach a point where we've already started inserting
-                # edges we should stop.
-                if txn.fetchall():
-                    return True, count
-
-                txn.execute(
-                    "SELECT coalesce(max(id), 0) FROM state_groups"
-                    " WHERE id < ? AND room_id = ?",
-                    (state_group, room_id),
-                )
-                prev_group, = txn.fetchone()
-                new_last_state_group = state_group
-
-                if prev_group:
-                    potential_hops = self._count_state_group_hops_txn(txn, prev_group)
-                    if potential_hops >= MAX_STATE_DELTA_HOPS:
-                        # We want to ensure chains are at most this long,#
-                        # otherwise read performance degrades.
-                        continue
-
-                    prev_state = self._get_state_groups_from_groups_txn(
-                        txn, [prev_group]
-                    )
-                    prev_state = prev_state[prev_group]
-
-                    curr_state = self._get_state_groups_from_groups_txn(
-                        txn, [state_group]
-                    )
-                    curr_state = curr_state[state_group]
-
-                    if not set(prev_state.keys()) - set(curr_state.keys()):
-                        # We can only do a delta if the current has a strict super set
-                        # of keys
-
-                        delta_state = {
-                            key: value
-                            for key, value in iteritems(curr_state)
-                            if prev_state.get(key, None) != value
-                        }
-
-                        self._simple_delete_txn(
-                            txn,
-                            table="state_group_edges",
-                            keyvalues={"state_group": state_group},
-                        )
-
-                        self._simple_insert_txn(
-                            txn,
-                            table="state_group_edges",
-                            values={
-                                "state_group": state_group,
-                                "prev_state_group": prev_group,
-                            },
-                        )
-
-                        self._simple_delete_txn(
-                            txn,
-                            table="state_groups_state",
-                            keyvalues={"state_group": state_group},
-                        )
-
-                        self._simple_insert_many_txn(
-                            txn,
-                            table="state_groups_state",
-                            values=[
-                                {
-                                    "state_group": state_group,
-                                    "room_id": room_id,
-                                    "type": key[0],
-                                    "state_key": key[1],
-                                    "event_id": state_id,
-                                }
-                                for key, state_id in iteritems(delta_state)
-                            ],
-                        )
-
-            progress = {
-                "last_state_group": state_group,
-                "rows_inserted": rows_inserted + batch_size,
-                "max_group": max_group,
-            }
-
-            self._background_update_progress_txn(
-                txn, self.STATE_GROUP_DEDUPLICATION_UPDATE_NAME, progress
-            )
-
-            return False, batch_size
-
-        finished, result = yield self.runInteraction(
-            self.STATE_GROUP_DEDUPLICATION_UPDATE_NAME, reindex_txn
-        )
-
-        if finished:
-            yield self._end_background_update(
-                self.STATE_GROUP_DEDUPLICATION_UPDATE_NAME
-            )
-
-        return result * BATCH_SIZE_SCALE_FACTOR
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _background_index_state(self, progress, batch_size):
-        def reindex_txn(conn):
-            conn.rollback()
-            if isinstance(self.database_engine, PostgresEngine):
-                # postgres insists on autocommit for the index
-                conn.set_session(autocommit=True)
-                try:
-                    txn = conn.cursor()
-                    txn.execute(
-                        "CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY state_groups_state_type_idx"
-                        " ON state_groups_state(state_group, type, state_key)"
-                    )
-                    txn.execute("DROP INDEX IF EXISTS state_groups_state_id")
-                finally:
-                    conn.set_session(autocommit=False)
-            else:
-                txn = conn.cursor()
-                txn.execute(
-                    "CREATE INDEX state_groups_state_type_idx"
-                    " ON state_groups_state(state_group, type, state_key)"
-                )
-                txn.execute("DROP INDEX IF EXISTS state_groups_state_id")
-
-        yield self.runWithConnection(reindex_txn)
-
-        yield self._end_background_update(self.STATE_GROUP_INDEX_UPDATE_NAME)
-
-        return 1
-
-
-class StateStore(StateGroupWorkerStore, StateBackgroundUpdateStore):
-    """ Keeps track of the state at a given event.
-
-    This is done by the concept of `state groups`. Every event is a assigned
-    a state group (identified by an arbitrary string), which references a
-    collection of state events. The current state of an event is then the
-    collection of state events referenced by the event's state group.
-
-    Hence, every change in the current state causes a new state group to be
-    generated. However, if no change happens (e.g., if we get a message event
-    with only one parent it inherits the state group from its parent.)
-
-    There are three tables:
-      * `state_groups`: Stores group name, first event with in the group and
-        room id.
-      * `event_to_state_groups`: Maps events to state groups.
-      * `state_groups_state`: Maps state group to state events.
-    """
-
-    def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
-        super(StateStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
-
-    def _store_event_state_mappings_txn(self, txn, events_and_contexts):
-        state_groups = {}
-        for event, context in events_and_contexts:
-            if event.internal_metadata.is_outlier():
-                continue
-
-            # if the event was rejected, just give it the same state as its
-            # predecessor.
-            if context.rejected:
-                state_groups[event.event_id] = context.prev_group
-                continue
-
-            state_groups[event.event_id] = context.state_group
-
-        self._simple_insert_many_txn(
-            txn,
-            table="event_to_state_groups",
-            values=[
-                {"state_group": state_group_id, "event_id": event_id}
-                for event_id, state_group_id in iteritems(state_groups)
-            ],
-        )
-
-        for event_id, state_group_id in iteritems(state_groups):
-            txn.call_after(
-                self._get_state_group_for_event.prefill, (event_id,), state_group_id
-            )
diff --git a/synapse/storage/state_deltas.py b/synapse/storage/state_deltas.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 28f33ec18f..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/state_deltas.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,119 +0,0 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-# Copyright 2018 Vector Creations Ltd
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-
-import logging
-
-from synapse.storage._base import SQLBaseStore
-
-logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-
-
-class StateDeltasStore(SQLBaseStore):
-    def get_current_state_deltas(self, prev_stream_id: int, max_stream_id: int):
-        """Fetch a list of room state changes since the given stream id
-
-        Each entry in the result contains the following fields:
-            - stream_id (int)
-            - room_id (str)
-            - type (str): event type
-            - state_key (str):
-            - event_id (str|None): new event_id for this state key. None if the
-                state has been deleted.
-            - prev_event_id (str|None): previous event_id for this state key. None
-                if it's new state.
-
-        Args:
-            prev_stream_id (int): point to get changes since (exclusive)
-            max_stream_id (int): the point that we know has been correctly persisted
-               - ie, an upper limit to return changes from.
-
-        Returns:
-            Deferred[tuple[int, list[dict]]: A tuple consisting of:
-               - the stream id which these results go up to
-               - list of current_state_delta_stream rows. If it is empty, we are
-                 up to date.
-        """
-        prev_stream_id = int(prev_stream_id)
-
-        # check we're not going backwards
-        assert prev_stream_id <= max_stream_id
-
-        if not self._curr_state_delta_stream_cache.has_any_entity_changed(
-            prev_stream_id
-        ):
-            # if the CSDs haven't changed between prev_stream_id and now, we
-            # know for certain that they haven't changed between prev_stream_id and
-            # max_stream_id.
-            return max_stream_id, []
-
-        def get_current_state_deltas_txn(txn):
-            # First we calculate the max stream id that will give us less than
-            # N results.
-            # We arbitarily limit to 100 stream_id entries to ensure we don't
-            # select toooo many.
-            sql = """
-                SELECT stream_id, count(*)
-                FROM current_state_delta_stream
-                WHERE stream_id > ? AND stream_id <= ?
-                GROUP BY stream_id
-                ORDER BY stream_id ASC
-                LIMIT 100
-            """
-            txn.execute(sql, (prev_stream_id, max_stream_id))
-
-            total = 0
-
-            for stream_id, count in txn:
-                total += count
-                if total > 100:
-                    # We arbitarily limit to 100 entries to ensure we don't
-                    # select toooo many.
-                    logger.debug(
-                        "Clipping current_state_delta_stream rows to stream_id %i",
-                        stream_id,
-                    )
-                    clipped_stream_id = stream_id
-                    break
-            else:
-                # if there's no problem, we may as well go right up to the max_stream_id
-                clipped_stream_id = max_stream_id
-
-            # Now actually get the deltas
-            sql = """
-                SELECT stream_id, room_id, type, state_key, event_id, prev_event_id
-                FROM current_state_delta_stream
-                WHERE ? < stream_id AND stream_id <= ?
-                ORDER BY stream_id ASC
-            """
-            txn.execute(sql, (prev_stream_id, clipped_stream_id))
-            return clipped_stream_id, self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
-
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "get_current_state_deltas", get_current_state_deltas_txn
-        )
-
-    def _get_max_stream_id_in_current_state_deltas_txn(self, txn):
-        return self._simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
-            txn,
-            table="current_state_delta_stream",
-            keyvalues={},
-            retcol="COALESCE(MAX(stream_id), -1)",
-        )
-
-    def get_max_stream_id_in_current_state_deltas(self):
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "get_max_stream_id_in_current_state_deltas",
-            self._get_max_stream_id_in_current_state_deltas_txn,
-        )
diff --git a/synapse/storage/stats.py b/synapse/storage/stats.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 7c224cd3d9..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/stats.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,881 +0,0 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-# Copyright 2018, 2019 New Vector Ltd
-# Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-
-import logging
-from itertools import chain
-
-from twisted.internet import defer
-from twisted.internet.defer import DeferredLock
-
-from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes, Membership
-from synapse.storage import PostgresEngine
-from synapse.storage.state_deltas import StateDeltasStore
-from synapse.util.caches.descriptors import cached
-
-logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-
-# these fields track absolutes (e.g. total number of rooms on the server)
-# You can think of these as Prometheus Gauges.
-# You can draw these stats on a line graph.
-# Example: number of users in a room
-ABSOLUTE_STATS_FIELDS = {
-    "room": (
-        "current_state_events",
-        "joined_members",
-        "invited_members",
-        "left_members",
-        "banned_members",
-        "local_users_in_room",
-    ),
-    "user": ("joined_rooms",),
-}
-
-# these fields are per-timeslice and so should be reset to 0 upon a new slice
-# You can draw these stats on a histogram.
-# Example: number of events sent locally during a time slice
-PER_SLICE_FIELDS = {
-    "room": ("total_events", "total_event_bytes"),
-    "user": ("invites_sent", "rooms_created", "total_events", "total_event_bytes"),
-}
-
-TYPE_TO_TABLE = {"room": ("room_stats", "room_id"), "user": ("user_stats", "user_id")}
-
-# these are the tables (& ID columns) which contain our actual subjects
-TYPE_TO_ORIGIN_TABLE = {"room": ("rooms", "room_id"), "user": ("users", "name")}
-
-
-class StatsStore(StateDeltasStore):
-    def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
-        super(StatsStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
-
-        self.server_name = hs.hostname
-        self.clock = self.hs.get_clock()
-        self.stats_enabled = hs.config.stats_enabled
-        self.stats_bucket_size = hs.config.stats_bucket_size
-
-        self.stats_delta_processing_lock = DeferredLock()
-
-        self.register_background_update_handler(
-            "populate_stats_process_rooms", self._populate_stats_process_rooms
-        )
-        self.register_background_update_handler(
-            "populate_stats_process_users", self._populate_stats_process_users
-        )
-        # we no longer need to perform clean-up, but we will give ourselves
-        # the potential to reintroduce it in the future – so documentation
-        # will still encourage the use of this no-op handler.
-        self.register_noop_background_update("populate_stats_cleanup")
-        self.register_noop_background_update("populate_stats_prepare")
-
-    def quantise_stats_time(self, ts):
-        """
-        Quantises a timestamp to be a multiple of the bucket size.
-
-        Args:
-            ts (int): the timestamp to quantise, in milliseconds since the Unix
-                Epoch
-
-        Returns:
-            int: a timestamp which
-              - is divisible by the bucket size;
-              - is no later than `ts`; and
-              - is the largest such timestamp.
-        """
-        return (ts // self.stats_bucket_size) * self.stats_bucket_size
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _populate_stats_process_users(self, progress, batch_size):
-        """
-        This is a background update which regenerates statistics for users.
-        """
-        if not self.stats_enabled:
-            yield self._end_background_update("populate_stats_process_users")
-            return 1
-
-        last_user_id = progress.get("last_user_id", "")
-
-        def _get_next_batch(txn):
-            sql = """
-                    SELECT DISTINCT name FROM users
-                    WHERE name > ?
-                    ORDER BY name ASC
-                    LIMIT ?
-                """
-            txn.execute(sql, (last_user_id, batch_size))
-            return [r for r, in txn]
-
-        users_to_work_on = yield self.runInteraction(
-            "_populate_stats_process_users", _get_next_batch
-        )
-
-        # No more rooms -- complete the transaction.
-        if not users_to_work_on:
-            yield self._end_background_update("populate_stats_process_users")
-            return 1
-
-        for user_id in users_to_work_on:
-            yield self._calculate_and_set_initial_state_for_user(user_id)
-            progress["last_user_id"] = user_id
-
-        yield self.runInteraction(
-            "populate_stats_process_users",
-            self._background_update_progress_txn,
-            "populate_stats_process_users",
-            progress,
-        )
-
-        return len(users_to_work_on)
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _populate_stats_process_rooms(self, progress, batch_size):
-        """
-        This is a background update which regenerates statistics for rooms.
-        """
-        if not self.stats_enabled:
-            yield self._end_background_update("populate_stats_process_rooms")
-            return 1
-
-        last_room_id = progress.get("last_room_id", "")
-
-        def _get_next_batch(txn):
-            sql = """
-                    SELECT DISTINCT room_id FROM current_state_events
-                    WHERE room_id > ?
-                    ORDER BY room_id ASC
-                    LIMIT ?
-                """
-            txn.execute(sql, (last_room_id, batch_size))
-            return [r for r, in txn]
-
-        rooms_to_work_on = yield self.runInteraction(
-            "populate_stats_rooms_get_batch", _get_next_batch
-        )
-
-        # No more rooms -- complete the transaction.
-        if not rooms_to_work_on:
-            yield self._end_background_update("populate_stats_process_rooms")
-            return 1
-
-        for room_id in rooms_to_work_on:
-            yield self._calculate_and_set_initial_state_for_room(room_id)
-            progress["last_room_id"] = room_id
-
-        yield self.runInteraction(
-            "_populate_stats_process_rooms",
-            self._background_update_progress_txn,
-            "populate_stats_process_rooms",
-            progress,
-        )
-
-        return len(rooms_to_work_on)
-
-    def get_stats_positions(self):
-        """
-        Returns the stats processor positions.
-        """
-        return self._simple_select_one_onecol(
-            table="stats_incremental_position",
-            keyvalues={},
-            retcol="stream_id",
-            desc="stats_incremental_position",
-        )
-
-    def update_room_state(self, room_id, fields):
-        """
-        Args:
-            room_id (str)
-            fields (dict[str:Any])
-        """
-
-        # For whatever reason some of the fields may contain null bytes, which
-        # postgres isn't a fan of, so we replace those fields with null.
-        for col in (
-            "join_rules",
-            "history_visibility",
-            "encryption",
-            "name",
-            "topic",
-            "avatar",
-            "canonical_alias",
-        ):
-            field = fields.get(col)
-            if field and "\0" in field:
-                fields[col] = None
-
-        return self._simple_upsert(
-            table="room_stats_state",
-            keyvalues={"room_id": room_id},
-            values=fields,
-            desc="update_room_state",
-        )
-
-    def get_statistics_for_subject(self, stats_type, stats_id, start, size=100):
-        """
-        Get statistics for a given subject.
-
-        Args:
-            stats_type (str): The type of subject
-            stats_id (str): The ID of the subject (e.g. room_id or user_id)
-            start (int): Pagination start. Number of entries, not timestamp.
-            size (int): How many entries to return.
-
-        Returns:
-            Deferred[list[dict]], where the dict has the keys of
-            ABSOLUTE_STATS_FIELDS[stats_type],  and "bucket_size" and "end_ts".
-        """
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "get_statistics_for_subject",
-            self._get_statistics_for_subject_txn,
-            stats_type,
-            stats_id,
-            start,
-            size,
-        )
-
-    def _get_statistics_for_subject_txn(
-        self, txn, stats_type, stats_id, start, size=100
-    ):
-        """
-        Transaction-bound version of L{get_statistics_for_subject}.
-        """
-
-        table, id_col = TYPE_TO_TABLE[stats_type]
-        selected_columns = list(
-            ABSOLUTE_STATS_FIELDS[stats_type] + PER_SLICE_FIELDS[stats_type]
-        )
-
-        slice_list = self._simple_select_list_paginate_txn(
-            txn,
-            table + "_historical",
-            {id_col: stats_id},
-            "end_ts",
-            start,
-            size,
-            retcols=selected_columns + ["bucket_size", "end_ts"],
-            order_direction="DESC",
-        )
-
-        return slice_list
-
-    def get_room_stats_state(self, room_id):
-        """
-        Returns the current room_stats_state for a room.
-
-        Args:
-            room_id (str): The ID of the room to return state for.
-
-        Returns (dict):
-            Dictionary containing these keys:
-                "name", "topic", "canonical_alias", "avatar", "join_rules",
-                "history_visibility"
-        """
-        return self._simple_select_one(
-            "room_stats_state",
-            {"room_id": room_id},
-            retcols=(
-                "name",
-                "topic",
-                "canonical_alias",
-                "avatar",
-                "join_rules",
-                "history_visibility",
-            ),
-        )
-
-    @cached()
-    def get_earliest_token_for_stats(self, stats_type, id):
-        """
-        Fetch the "earliest token". This is used by the room stats delta
-        processor to ignore deltas that have been processed between the
-        start of the background task and any particular room's stats
-        being calculated.
-
-        Returns:
-            Deferred[int]
-        """
-        table, id_col = TYPE_TO_TABLE[stats_type]
-
-        return self._simple_select_one_onecol(
-            "%s_current" % (table,),
-            keyvalues={id_col: id},
-            retcol="completed_delta_stream_id",
-            allow_none=True,
-        )
-
-    def bulk_update_stats_delta(self, ts, updates, stream_id):
-        """Bulk update stats tables for a given stream_id and updates the stats
-        incremental position.
-
-        Args:
-            ts (int): Current timestamp in ms
-            updates(dict[str, dict[str, dict[str, Counter]]]): The updates to
-                commit as a mapping stats_type -> stats_id -> field -> delta.
-            stream_id (int): Current position.
-
-        Returns:
-            Deferred
-        """
-
-        def _bulk_update_stats_delta_txn(txn):
-            for stats_type, stats_updates in updates.items():
-                for stats_id, fields in stats_updates.items():
-                    logger.info(
-                        "Updating %s stats for %s: %s", stats_type, stats_id, fields
-                    )
-                    self._update_stats_delta_txn(
-                        txn,
-                        ts=ts,
-                        stats_type=stats_type,
-                        stats_id=stats_id,
-                        fields=fields,
-                        complete_with_stream_id=stream_id,
-                    )
-
-            self._simple_update_one_txn(
-                txn,
-                table="stats_incremental_position",
-                keyvalues={},
-                updatevalues={"stream_id": stream_id},
-            )
-
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "bulk_update_stats_delta", _bulk_update_stats_delta_txn
-        )
-
-    def update_stats_delta(
-        self,
-        ts,
-        stats_type,
-        stats_id,
-        fields,
-        complete_with_stream_id,
-        absolute_field_overrides=None,
-    ):
-        """
-        Updates the statistics for a subject, with a delta (difference/relative
-        change).
-
-        Args:
-            ts (int): timestamp of the change
-            stats_type (str): "room" or "user" – the kind of subject
-            stats_id (str): the subject's ID (room ID or user ID)
-            fields (dict[str, int]): Deltas of stats values.
-            complete_with_stream_id (int, optional):
-                If supplied, converts an incomplete row into a complete row,
-                with the supplied stream_id marked as the stream_id where the
-                row was completed.
-            absolute_field_overrides (dict[str, int]): Current stats values
-                (i.e. not deltas) of absolute fields.
-                Does not work with per-slice fields.
-        """
-
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "update_stats_delta",
-            self._update_stats_delta_txn,
-            ts,
-            stats_type,
-            stats_id,
-            fields,
-            complete_with_stream_id=complete_with_stream_id,
-            absolute_field_overrides=absolute_field_overrides,
-        )
-
-    def _update_stats_delta_txn(
-        self,
-        txn,
-        ts,
-        stats_type,
-        stats_id,
-        fields,
-        complete_with_stream_id,
-        absolute_field_overrides=None,
-    ):
-        if absolute_field_overrides is None:
-            absolute_field_overrides = {}
-
-        table, id_col = TYPE_TO_TABLE[stats_type]
-
-        quantised_ts = self.quantise_stats_time(int(ts))
-        end_ts = quantised_ts + self.stats_bucket_size
-
-        # Lets be paranoid and check that all the given field names are known
-        abs_field_names = ABSOLUTE_STATS_FIELDS[stats_type]
-        slice_field_names = PER_SLICE_FIELDS[stats_type]
-        for field in chain(fields.keys(), absolute_field_overrides.keys()):
-            if field not in abs_field_names and field not in slice_field_names:
-                # guard against potential SQL injection dodginess
-                raise ValueError(
-                    "%s is not a recognised field"
-                    " for stats type %s" % (field, stats_type)
-                )
-
-        # Per slice fields do not get added to the _current table
-
-        # This calculates the deltas (`field = field + ?` values)
-        # for absolute fields,
-        # * defaulting to 0 if not specified
-        #     (required for the INSERT part of upserting to work)
-        # * omitting overrides specified in `absolute_field_overrides`
-        deltas_of_absolute_fields = {
-            key: fields.get(key, 0)
-            for key in abs_field_names
-            if key not in absolute_field_overrides
-        }
-
-        # Keep the delta stream ID field up to date
-        absolute_field_overrides = absolute_field_overrides.copy()
-        absolute_field_overrides["completed_delta_stream_id"] = complete_with_stream_id
-
-        # first upsert the `_current` table
-        self._upsert_with_additive_relatives_txn(
-            txn=txn,
-            table=table + "_current",
-            keyvalues={id_col: stats_id},
-            absolutes=absolute_field_overrides,
-            additive_relatives=deltas_of_absolute_fields,
-        )
-
-        per_slice_additive_relatives = {
-            key: fields.get(key, 0) for key in slice_field_names
-        }
-        self._upsert_copy_from_table_with_additive_relatives_txn(
-            txn=txn,
-            into_table=table + "_historical",
-            keyvalues={id_col: stats_id},
-            extra_dst_insvalues={"bucket_size": self.stats_bucket_size},
-            extra_dst_keyvalues={"end_ts": end_ts},
-            additive_relatives=per_slice_additive_relatives,
-            src_table=table + "_current",
-            copy_columns=abs_field_names,
-        )
-
-    def _upsert_with_additive_relatives_txn(
-        self, txn, table, keyvalues, absolutes, additive_relatives
-    ):
-        """Used to update values in the stats tables.
-
-        This is basically a slightly convoluted upsert that *adds* to any
-        existing rows.
-
-        Args:
-            txn
-            table (str): Table name
-            keyvalues (dict[str, any]): Row-identifying key values
-            absolutes (dict[str, any]): Absolute (set) fields
-            additive_relatives (dict[str, int]): Fields that will be added onto
-                if existing row present.
-        """
-        if self.database_engine.can_native_upsert:
-            absolute_updates = [
-                "%(field)s = EXCLUDED.%(field)s" % {"field": field}
-                for field in absolutes.keys()
-            ]
-
-            relative_updates = [
-                "%(field)s = EXCLUDED.%(field)s + %(table)s.%(field)s"
-                % {"table": table, "field": field}
-                for field in additive_relatives.keys()
-            ]
-
-            insert_cols = []
-            qargs = []
-
-            for (key, val) in chain(
-                keyvalues.items(), absolutes.items(), additive_relatives.items()
-            ):
-                insert_cols.append(key)
-                qargs.append(val)
-
-            sql = """
-                INSERT INTO %(table)s (%(insert_cols_cs)s)
-                VALUES (%(insert_vals_qs)s)
-                ON CONFLICT (%(key_columns)s) DO UPDATE SET %(updates)s
-            """ % {
-                "table": table,
-                "insert_cols_cs": ", ".join(insert_cols),
-                "insert_vals_qs": ", ".join(
-                    ["?"] * (len(keyvalues) + len(absolutes) + len(additive_relatives))
-                ),
-                "key_columns": ", ".join(keyvalues),
-                "updates": ", ".join(chain(absolute_updates, relative_updates)),
-            }
-
-            txn.execute(sql, qargs)
-        else:
-            self.database_engine.lock_table(txn, table)
-            retcols = list(chain(absolutes.keys(), additive_relatives.keys()))
-            current_row = self._simple_select_one_txn(
-                txn, table, keyvalues, retcols, allow_none=True
-            )
-            if current_row is None:
-                merged_dict = {**keyvalues, **absolutes, **additive_relatives}
-                self._simple_insert_txn(txn, table, merged_dict)
-            else:
-                for (key, val) in additive_relatives.items():
-                    current_row[key] += val
-                current_row.update(absolutes)
-                self._simple_update_one_txn(txn, table, keyvalues, current_row)
-
-    def _upsert_copy_from_table_with_additive_relatives_txn(
-        self,
-        txn,
-        into_table,
-        keyvalues,
-        extra_dst_keyvalues,
-        extra_dst_insvalues,
-        additive_relatives,
-        src_table,
-        copy_columns,
-    ):
-        """Updates the historic stats table with latest updates.
-
-        This involves copying "absolute" fields from the `_current` table, and
-        adding relative fields to any existing values.
-
-        Args:
-             txn: Transaction
-             into_table (str): The destination table to UPSERT the row into
-             keyvalues (dict[str, any]): Row-identifying key values
-             extra_dst_keyvalues (dict[str, any]): Additional keyvalues
-                for `into_table`.
-             extra_dst_insvalues (dict[str, any]): Additional values to insert
-                on new row creation for `into_table`.
-             additive_relatives (dict[str, any]): Fields that will be added onto
-                if existing row present. (Must be disjoint from copy_columns.)
-             src_table (str): The source table to copy from
-             copy_columns (iterable[str]): The list of columns to copy
-        """
-        if self.database_engine.can_native_upsert:
-            ins_columns = chain(
-                keyvalues,
-                copy_columns,
-                additive_relatives,
-                extra_dst_keyvalues,
-                extra_dst_insvalues,
-            )
-            sel_exprs = chain(
-                keyvalues,
-                copy_columns,
-                (
-                    "?"
-                    for _ in chain(
-                        additive_relatives, extra_dst_keyvalues, extra_dst_insvalues
-                    )
-                ),
-            )
-            keyvalues_where = ("%s = ?" % f for f in keyvalues)
-
-            sets_cc = ("%s = EXCLUDED.%s" % (f, f) for f in copy_columns)
-            sets_ar = (
-                "%s = EXCLUDED.%s + %s.%s" % (f, f, into_table, f)
-                for f in additive_relatives
-            )
-
-            sql = """
-                INSERT INTO %(into_table)s (%(ins_columns)s)
-                SELECT %(sel_exprs)s
-                FROM %(src_table)s
-                WHERE %(keyvalues_where)s
-                ON CONFLICT (%(keyvalues)s)
-                DO UPDATE SET %(sets)s
-            """ % {
-                "into_table": into_table,
-                "ins_columns": ", ".join(ins_columns),
-                "sel_exprs": ", ".join(sel_exprs),
-                "keyvalues_where": " AND ".join(keyvalues_where),
-                "src_table": src_table,
-                "keyvalues": ", ".join(
-                    chain(keyvalues.keys(), extra_dst_keyvalues.keys())
-                ),
-                "sets": ", ".join(chain(sets_cc, sets_ar)),
-            }
-
-            qargs = list(
-                chain(
-                    additive_relatives.values(),
-                    extra_dst_keyvalues.values(),
-                    extra_dst_insvalues.values(),
-                    keyvalues.values(),
-                )
-            )
-            txn.execute(sql, qargs)
-        else:
-            self.database_engine.lock_table(txn, into_table)
-            src_row = self._simple_select_one_txn(
-                txn, src_table, keyvalues, copy_columns
-            )
-            all_dest_keyvalues = {**keyvalues, **extra_dst_keyvalues}
-            dest_current_row = self._simple_select_one_txn(
-                txn,
-                into_table,
-                keyvalues=all_dest_keyvalues,
-                retcols=list(chain(additive_relatives.keys(), copy_columns)),
-                allow_none=True,
-            )
-
-            if dest_current_row is None:
-                merged_dict = {
-                    **keyvalues,
-                    **extra_dst_keyvalues,
-                    **extra_dst_insvalues,
-                    **src_row,
-                    **additive_relatives,
-                }
-                self._simple_insert_txn(txn, into_table, merged_dict)
-            else:
-                for (key, val) in additive_relatives.items():
-                    src_row[key] = dest_current_row[key] + val
-                self._simple_update_txn(txn, into_table, all_dest_keyvalues, src_row)
-
-    def get_changes_room_total_events_and_bytes(self, min_pos, max_pos):
-        """Fetches the counts of events in the given range of stream IDs.
-
-        Args:
-            min_pos (int)
-            max_pos (int)
-
-        Returns:
-            Deferred[dict[str, dict[str, int]]]: Mapping of room ID to field
-            changes.
-        """
-
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "stats_incremental_total_events_and_bytes",
-            self.get_changes_room_total_events_and_bytes_txn,
-            min_pos,
-            max_pos,
-        )
-
-    def get_changes_room_total_events_and_bytes_txn(self, txn, low_pos, high_pos):
-        """Gets the total_events and total_event_bytes counts for rooms and
-        senders, in a range of stream_orderings (including backfilled events).
-
-        Args:
-            txn
-            low_pos (int): Low stream ordering
-            high_pos (int): High stream ordering
-
-        Returns:
-            tuple[dict[str, dict[str, int]], dict[str, dict[str, int]]]: The
-            room and user deltas for total_events/total_event_bytes in the
-            format of `stats_id` -> fields
-        """
-
-        if low_pos >= high_pos:
-            # nothing to do here.
-            return {}, {}
-
-        if isinstance(self.database_engine, PostgresEngine):
-            new_bytes_expression = "OCTET_LENGTH(json)"
-        else:
-            new_bytes_expression = "LENGTH(CAST(json AS BLOB))"
-
-        sql = """
-            SELECT events.room_id, COUNT(*) AS new_events, SUM(%s) AS new_bytes
-            FROM events INNER JOIN event_json USING (event_id)
-            WHERE (? < stream_ordering AND stream_ordering <= ?)
-                OR (? <= stream_ordering AND stream_ordering <= ?)
-            GROUP BY events.room_id
-        """ % (
-            new_bytes_expression,
-        )
-
-        txn.execute(sql, (low_pos, high_pos, -high_pos, -low_pos))
-
-        room_deltas = {
-            room_id: {"total_events": new_events, "total_event_bytes": new_bytes}
-            for room_id, new_events, new_bytes in txn
-        }
-
-        sql = """
-            SELECT events.sender, COUNT(*) AS new_events, SUM(%s) AS new_bytes
-            FROM events INNER JOIN event_json USING (event_id)
-            WHERE (? < stream_ordering AND stream_ordering <= ?)
-                OR (? <= stream_ordering AND stream_ordering <= ?)
-            GROUP BY events.sender
-        """ % (
-            new_bytes_expression,
-        )
-
-        txn.execute(sql, (low_pos, high_pos, -high_pos, -low_pos))
-
-        user_deltas = {
-            user_id: {"total_events": new_events, "total_event_bytes": new_bytes}
-            for user_id, new_events, new_bytes in txn
-            if self.hs.is_mine_id(user_id)
-        }
-
-        return room_deltas, user_deltas
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _calculate_and_set_initial_state_for_room(self, room_id):
-        """Calculate and insert an entry into room_stats_current.
-
-        Args:
-            room_id (str)
-
-        Returns:
-            Deferred[tuple[dict, dict, int]]: A tuple of room state, membership
-            counts and stream position.
-        """
-
-        def _fetch_current_state_stats(txn):
-            pos = self.get_room_max_stream_ordering()
-
-            rows = self._simple_select_many_txn(
-                txn,
-                table="current_state_events",
-                column="type",
-                iterable=[
-                    EventTypes.Create,
-                    EventTypes.JoinRules,
-                    EventTypes.RoomHistoryVisibility,
-                    EventTypes.Encryption,
-                    EventTypes.Name,
-                    EventTypes.Topic,
-                    EventTypes.RoomAvatar,
-                    EventTypes.CanonicalAlias,
-                ],
-                keyvalues={"room_id": room_id, "state_key": ""},
-                retcols=["event_id"],
-            )
-
-            event_ids = [row["event_id"] for row in rows]
-
-            txn.execute(
-                """
-                    SELECT membership, count(*) FROM current_state_events
-                    WHERE room_id = ? AND type = 'm.room.member'
-                    GROUP BY membership
-                """,
-                (room_id,),
-            )
-            membership_counts = {membership: cnt for membership, cnt in txn}
-
-            txn.execute(
-                """
-                    SELECT COALESCE(count(*), 0) FROM current_state_events
-                    WHERE room_id = ?
-                """,
-                (room_id,),
-            )
-
-            current_state_events_count, = txn.fetchone()
-
-            users_in_room = self.get_users_in_room_txn(txn, room_id)
-
-            return (
-                event_ids,
-                membership_counts,
-                current_state_events_count,
-                users_in_room,
-                pos,
-            )
-
-        (
-            event_ids,
-            membership_counts,
-            current_state_events_count,
-            users_in_room,
-            pos,
-        ) = yield self.runInteraction(
-            "get_initial_state_for_room", _fetch_current_state_stats
-        )
-
-        state_event_map = yield self.get_events(event_ids, get_prev_content=False)
-
-        room_state = {
-            "join_rules": None,
-            "history_visibility": None,
-            "encryption": None,
-            "name": None,
-            "topic": None,
-            "avatar": None,
-            "canonical_alias": None,
-            "is_federatable": True,
-        }
-
-        for event in state_event_map.values():
-            if event.type == EventTypes.JoinRules:
-                room_state["join_rules"] = event.content.get("join_rule")
-            elif event.type == EventTypes.RoomHistoryVisibility:
-                room_state["history_visibility"] = event.content.get(
-                    "history_visibility"
-                )
-            elif event.type == EventTypes.Encryption:
-                room_state["encryption"] = event.content.get("algorithm")
-            elif event.type == EventTypes.Name:
-                room_state["name"] = event.content.get("name")
-            elif event.type == EventTypes.Topic:
-                room_state["topic"] = event.content.get("topic")
-            elif event.type == EventTypes.RoomAvatar:
-                room_state["avatar"] = event.content.get("url")
-            elif event.type == EventTypes.CanonicalAlias:
-                room_state["canonical_alias"] = event.content.get("alias")
-            elif event.type == EventTypes.Create:
-                room_state["is_federatable"] = (
-                    event.content.get("m.federate", True) is True
-                )
-
-        yield self.update_room_state(room_id, room_state)
-
-        local_users_in_room = [u for u in users_in_room if self.hs.is_mine_id(u)]
-
-        yield self.update_stats_delta(
-            ts=self.clock.time_msec(),
-            stats_type="room",
-            stats_id=room_id,
-            fields={},
-            complete_with_stream_id=pos,
-            absolute_field_overrides={
-                "current_state_events": current_state_events_count,
-                "joined_members": membership_counts.get(Membership.JOIN, 0),
-                "invited_members": membership_counts.get(Membership.INVITE, 0),
-                "left_members": membership_counts.get(Membership.LEAVE, 0),
-                "banned_members": membership_counts.get(Membership.BAN, 0),
-                "local_users_in_room": len(local_users_in_room),
-            },
-        )
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _calculate_and_set_initial_state_for_user(self, user_id):
-        def _calculate_and_set_initial_state_for_user_txn(txn):
-            pos = self._get_max_stream_id_in_current_state_deltas_txn(txn)
-
-            txn.execute(
-                """
-                SELECT COUNT(distinct room_id) FROM current_state_events
-                    WHERE type = 'm.room.member' AND state_key = ?
-                        AND membership = 'join'
-                """,
-                (user_id,),
-            )
-            count, = txn.fetchone()
-            return count, pos
-
-        joined_rooms, pos = yield self.runInteraction(
-            "calculate_and_set_initial_state_for_user",
-            _calculate_and_set_initial_state_for_user_txn,
-        )
-
-        yield self.update_stats_delta(
-            ts=self.clock.time_msec(),
-            stats_type="user",
-            stats_id=user_id,
-            fields={},
-            complete_with_stream_id=pos,
-            absolute_field_overrides={"joined_rooms": joined_rooms},
-        )
diff --git a/synapse/storage/stream.py b/synapse/storage/stream.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 490454f19a..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/stream.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,948 +0,0 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-# Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-
-""" This module is responsible for getting events from the DB for pagination
-and event streaming.
-
-The order it returns events in depend on whether we are streaming forwards or
-are paginating backwards. We do this because we want to handle out of order
-messages nicely, while still returning them in the correct order when we
-paginate bacwards.
-
-This is implemented by keeping two ordering columns: stream_ordering and
-topological_ordering. Stream ordering is basically insertion/received order
-(except for events from backfill requests). The topological_ordering is a
-weak ordering of events based on the pdu graph.
-
-This means that we have to have two different types of tokens, depending on
-what sort order was used:
-    - stream tokens are of the form: "s%d", which maps directly to the column
-    - topological tokems: "t%d-%d", where the integers map to the topological
-      and stream ordering columns respectively.
-"""
-
-import abc
-import logging
-from collections import namedtuple
-
-from six.moves import range
-
-from twisted.internet import defer
-
-from synapse.logging.context import make_deferred_yieldable, run_in_background
-from synapse.storage._base import SQLBaseStore
-from synapse.storage.engines import PostgresEngine
-from synapse.storage.events_worker import EventsWorkerStore
-from synapse.types import RoomStreamToken
-from synapse.util.caches.stream_change_cache import StreamChangeCache
-
-logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-
-
-MAX_STREAM_SIZE = 1000
-
-
-_STREAM_TOKEN = "stream"
-_TOPOLOGICAL_TOKEN = "topological"
-
-
-# Used as return values for pagination APIs
-_EventDictReturn = namedtuple(
-    "_EventDictReturn", ("event_id", "topological_ordering", "stream_ordering")
-)
-
-
-def generate_pagination_where_clause(
-    direction, column_names, from_token, to_token, engine
-):
-    """Creates an SQL expression to bound the columns by the pagination
-    tokens.
-
-    For example creates an SQL expression like:
-
-        (6, 7) >= (topological_ordering, stream_ordering)
-        AND (5, 3) < (topological_ordering, stream_ordering)
-
-    would be generated for dir=b, from_token=(6, 7) and to_token=(5, 3).
-
-    Note that tokens are considered to be after the row they are in, e.g. if
-    a row A has a token T, then we consider A to be before T. This convention
-    is important when figuring out inequalities for the generated SQL, and
-    produces the following result:
-        - If paginating forwards then we exclude any rows matching the from
-          token, but include those that match the to token.
-        - If paginating backwards then we include any rows matching the from
-          token, but include those that match the to token.
-
-    Args:
-        direction (str): Whether we're paginating backwards("b") or
-            forwards ("f").
-        column_names (tuple[str, str]): The column names to bound. Must *not*
-            be user defined as these get inserted directly into the SQL
-            statement without escapes.
-        from_token (tuple[int, int]|None): The start point for the pagination.
-            This is an exclusive minimum bound if direction is "f", and an
-            inclusive maximum bound if direction is "b".
-        to_token (tuple[int, int]|None): The endpoint point for the pagination.
-            This is an inclusive maximum bound if direction is "f", and an
-            exclusive minimum bound if direction is "b".
-        engine: The database engine to generate the clauses for
-
-    Returns:
-        str: The sql expression
-    """
-    assert direction in ("b", "f")
-
-    where_clause = []
-    if from_token:
-        where_clause.append(
-            _make_generic_sql_bound(
-                bound=">=" if direction == "b" else "<",
-                column_names=column_names,
-                values=from_token,
-                engine=engine,
-            )
-        )
-
-    if to_token:
-        where_clause.append(
-            _make_generic_sql_bound(
-                bound="<" if direction == "b" else ">=",
-                column_names=column_names,
-                values=to_token,
-                engine=engine,
-            )
-        )
-
-    return " AND ".join(where_clause)
-
-
-def _make_generic_sql_bound(bound, column_names, values, engine):
-    """Create an SQL expression that bounds the given column names by the
-    values, e.g. create the equivalent of `(1, 2) < (col1, col2)`.
-
-    Only works with two columns.
-
-    Older versions of SQLite don't support that syntax so we have to expand it
-    out manually.
-
-    Args:
-        bound (str): The comparison operator to use. One of ">", "<", ">=",
-            "<=", where the values are on the left and columns on the right.
-        names (tuple[str, str]): The column names. Must *not* be user defined
-            as these get inserted directly into the SQL statement without
-            escapes.
-        values (tuple[int|None, int]): The values to bound the columns by. If
-            the first value is None then only creates a bound on the second
-            column.
-        engine: The database engine to generate the SQL for
-
-    Returns:
-        str
-    """
-
-    assert bound in (">", "<", ">=", "<=")
-
-    name1, name2 = column_names
-    val1, val2 = values
-
-    if val1 is None:
-        val2 = int(val2)
-        return "(%d %s %s)" % (val2, bound, name2)
-
-    val1 = int(val1)
-    val2 = int(val2)
-
-    if isinstance(engine, PostgresEngine):
-        # Postgres doesn't optimise ``(x < a) OR (x=a AND y<b)`` as well
-        # as it optimises ``(x,y) < (a,b)`` on multicolumn indexes. So we
-        # use the later form when running against postgres.
-        return "((%d,%d) %s (%s,%s))" % (val1, val2, bound, name1, name2)
-
-    # We want to generate queries of e.g. the form:
-    #
-    #   (val1 < name1 OR (val1 = name1 AND val2 <= name2))
-    #
-    # which is equivalent to (val1, val2) < (name1, name2)
-
-    return """(
-        {val1:d} {strict_bound} {name1}
-        OR ({val1:d} = {name1} AND {val2:d} {bound} {name2})
-    )""".format(
-        name1=name1,
-        val1=val1,
-        name2=name2,
-        val2=val2,
-        strict_bound=bound[0],  # The first bound must always be strict equality here
-        bound=bound,
-    )
-
-
-def filter_to_clause(event_filter):
-    # NB: This may create SQL clauses that don't optimise well (and we don't
-    # have indices on all possible clauses). E.g. it may create
-    # "room_id == X AND room_id != X", which postgres doesn't optimise.
-
-    if not event_filter:
-        return "", []
-
-    clauses = []
-    args = []
-
-    if event_filter.types:
-        clauses.append("(%s)" % " OR ".join("type = ?" for _ in event_filter.types))
-        args.extend(event_filter.types)
-
-    for typ in event_filter.not_types:
-        clauses.append("type != ?")
-        args.append(typ)
-
-    if event_filter.senders:
-        clauses.append("(%s)" % " OR ".join("sender = ?" for _ in event_filter.senders))
-        args.extend(event_filter.senders)
-
-    for sender in event_filter.not_senders:
-        clauses.append("sender != ?")
-        args.append(sender)
-
-    if event_filter.rooms:
-        clauses.append("(%s)" % " OR ".join("room_id = ?" for _ in event_filter.rooms))
-        args.extend(event_filter.rooms)
-
-    for room_id in event_filter.not_rooms:
-        clauses.append("room_id != ?")
-        args.append(room_id)
-
-    if event_filter.contains_url:
-        clauses.append("contains_url = ?")
-        args.append(event_filter.contains_url)
-
-    return " AND ".join(clauses), args
-
-
-class StreamWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
-    """This is an abstract base class where subclasses must implement
-    `get_room_max_stream_ordering` and `get_room_min_stream_ordering`
-    which can be called in the initializer.
-    """
-
-    __metaclass__ = abc.ABCMeta
-
-    def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
-        super(StreamWorkerStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
-
-        events_max = self.get_room_max_stream_ordering()
-        event_cache_prefill, min_event_val = self._get_cache_dict(
-            db_conn,
-            "events",
-            entity_column="room_id",
-            stream_column="stream_ordering",
-            max_value=events_max,
-        )
-        self._events_stream_cache = StreamChangeCache(
-            "EventsRoomStreamChangeCache",
-            min_event_val,
-            prefilled_cache=event_cache_prefill,
-        )
-        self._membership_stream_cache = StreamChangeCache(
-            "MembershipStreamChangeCache", events_max
-        )
-
-        self._stream_order_on_start = self.get_room_max_stream_ordering()
-
-    @abc.abstractmethod
-    def get_room_max_stream_ordering(self):
-        raise NotImplementedError()
-
-    @abc.abstractmethod
-    def get_room_min_stream_ordering(self):
-        raise NotImplementedError()
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_room_events_stream_for_rooms(
-        self, room_ids, from_key, to_key, limit=0, order="DESC"
-    ):
-        """Get new room events in stream ordering since `from_key`.
-
-        Args:
-            room_id (str)
-            from_key (str): Token from which no events are returned before
-            to_key (str): Token from which no events are returned after. (This
-                is typically the current stream token)
-            limit (int): Maximum number of events to return
-            order (str): Either "DESC" or "ASC". Determines which events are
-                returned when the result is limited. If "DESC" then the most
-                recent `limit` events are returned, otherwise returns the
-                oldest `limit` events.
-
-        Returns:
-            Deferred[dict[str,tuple[list[FrozenEvent], str]]]
-                A map from room id to a tuple containing:
-                    - list of recent events in the room
-                    - stream ordering key for the start of the chunk of events returned.
-        """
-        from_id = RoomStreamToken.parse_stream_token(from_key).stream
-
-        room_ids = yield self._events_stream_cache.get_entities_changed(
-            room_ids, from_id
-        )
-
-        if not room_ids:
-            return {}
-
-        results = {}
-        room_ids = list(room_ids)
-        for rm_ids in (room_ids[i : i + 20] for i in range(0, len(room_ids), 20)):
-            res = yield make_deferred_yieldable(
-                defer.gatherResults(
-                    [
-                        run_in_background(
-                            self.get_room_events_stream_for_room,
-                            room_id,
-                            from_key,
-                            to_key,
-                            limit,
-                            order=order,
-                        )
-                        for room_id in rm_ids
-                    ],
-                    consumeErrors=True,
-                )
-            )
-            results.update(dict(zip(rm_ids, res)))
-
-        return results
-
-    def get_rooms_that_changed(self, room_ids, from_key):
-        """Given a list of rooms and a token, return rooms where there may have
-        been changes.
-
-        Args:
-            room_ids (list)
-            from_key (str): The room_key portion of a StreamToken
-        """
-        from_key = RoomStreamToken.parse_stream_token(from_key).stream
-        return set(
-            room_id
-            for room_id in room_ids
-            if self._events_stream_cache.has_entity_changed(room_id, from_key)
-        )
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_room_events_stream_for_room(
-        self, room_id, from_key, to_key, limit=0, order="DESC"
-    ):
-
-        """Get new room events in stream ordering since `from_key`.
-
-        Args:
-            room_id (str)
-            from_key (str): Token from which no events are returned before
-            to_key (str): Token from which no events are returned after. (This
-                is typically the current stream token)
-            limit (int): Maximum number of events to return
-            order (str): Either "DESC" or "ASC". Determines which events are
-                returned when the result is limited. If "DESC" then the most
-                recent `limit` events are returned, otherwise returns the
-                oldest `limit` events.
-
-        Returns:
-            Deferred[tuple[list[FrozenEvent], str]]: Returns the list of
-            events (in ascending order) and the token from the start of
-            the chunk of events returned.
-        """
-        if from_key == to_key:
-            return [], from_key
-
-        from_id = RoomStreamToken.parse_stream_token(from_key).stream
-        to_id = RoomStreamToken.parse_stream_token(to_key).stream
-
-        has_changed = yield self._events_stream_cache.has_entity_changed(
-            room_id, from_id
-        )
-
-        if not has_changed:
-            return [], from_key
-
-        def f(txn):
-            sql = (
-                "SELECT event_id, stream_ordering FROM events WHERE"
-                " room_id = ?"
-                " AND not outlier"
-                " AND stream_ordering > ? AND stream_ordering <= ?"
-                " ORDER BY stream_ordering %s LIMIT ?"
-            ) % (order,)
-            txn.execute(sql, (room_id, from_id, to_id, limit))
-
-            rows = [_EventDictReturn(row[0], None, row[1]) for row in txn]
-            return rows
-
-        rows = yield self.runInteraction("get_room_events_stream_for_room", f)
-
-        ret = yield self.get_events_as_list(
-            [r.event_id for r in rows], get_prev_content=True
-        )
-
-        self._set_before_and_after(ret, rows, topo_order=from_id is None)
-
-        if order.lower() == "desc":
-            ret.reverse()
-
-        if rows:
-            key = "s%d" % min(r.stream_ordering for r in rows)
-        else:
-            # Assume we didn't get anything because there was nothing to
-            # get.
-            key = from_key
-
-        return ret, key
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_membership_changes_for_user(self, user_id, from_key, to_key):
-        from_id = RoomStreamToken.parse_stream_token(from_key).stream
-        to_id = RoomStreamToken.parse_stream_token(to_key).stream
-
-        if from_key == to_key:
-            return []
-
-        if from_id:
-            has_changed = self._membership_stream_cache.has_entity_changed(
-                user_id, int(from_id)
-            )
-            if not has_changed:
-                return []
-
-        def f(txn):
-            sql = (
-                "SELECT m.event_id, stream_ordering FROM events AS e,"
-                " room_memberships AS m"
-                " WHERE e.event_id = m.event_id"
-                " AND m.user_id = ?"
-                " AND e.stream_ordering > ? AND e.stream_ordering <= ?"
-                " ORDER BY e.stream_ordering ASC"
-            )
-            txn.execute(sql, (user_id, from_id, to_id))
-
-            rows = [_EventDictReturn(row[0], None, row[1]) for row in txn]
-
-            return rows
-
-        rows = yield self.runInteraction("get_membership_changes_for_user", f)
-
-        ret = yield self.get_events_as_list(
-            [r.event_id for r in rows], get_prev_content=True
-        )
-
-        self._set_before_and_after(ret, rows, topo_order=False)
-
-        return ret
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_recent_events_for_room(self, room_id, limit, end_token):
-        """Get the most recent events in the room in topological ordering.
-
-        Args:
-            room_id (str)
-            limit (int)
-            end_token (str): The stream token representing now.
-
-        Returns:
-            Deferred[tuple[list[FrozenEvent], str]]: Returns a list of
-            events and a token pointing to the start of the returned
-            events.
-            The events returned are in ascending order.
-        """
-
-        rows, token = yield self.get_recent_event_ids_for_room(
-            room_id, limit, end_token
-        )
-
-        logger.debug("stream before")
-        events = yield self.get_events_as_list(
-            [r.event_id for r in rows], get_prev_content=True
-        )
-        logger.debug("stream after")
-
-        self._set_before_and_after(events, rows)
-
-        return (events, token)
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_recent_event_ids_for_room(self, room_id, limit, end_token):
-        """Get the most recent events in the room in topological ordering.
-
-        Args:
-            room_id (str)
-            limit (int)
-            end_token (str): The stream token representing now.
-
-        Returns:
-            Deferred[tuple[list[_EventDictReturn], str]]: Returns a list of
-            _EventDictReturn and a token pointing to the start of the returned
-            events.
-            The events returned are in ascending order.
-        """
-        # Allow a zero limit here, and no-op.
-        if limit == 0:
-            return [], end_token
-
-        end_token = RoomStreamToken.parse(end_token)
-
-        rows, token = yield self.runInteraction(
-            "get_recent_event_ids_for_room",
-            self._paginate_room_events_txn,
-            room_id,
-            from_token=end_token,
-            limit=limit,
-        )
-
-        # We want to return the results in ascending order.
-        rows.reverse()
-
-        return rows, token
-
-    def get_room_event_after_stream_ordering(self, room_id, stream_ordering):
-        """Gets details of the first event in a room at or after a stream ordering
-
-        Args:
-            room_id (str):
-            stream_ordering (int):
-
-        Returns:
-            Deferred[(int, int, str)]:
-                (stream ordering, topological ordering, event_id)
-        """
-
-        def _f(txn):
-            sql = (
-                "SELECT stream_ordering, topological_ordering, event_id"
-                " FROM events"
-                " WHERE room_id = ? AND stream_ordering >= ?"
-                " AND NOT outlier"
-                " ORDER BY stream_ordering"
-                " LIMIT 1"
-            )
-            txn.execute(sql, (room_id, stream_ordering))
-            return txn.fetchone()
-
-        return self.runInteraction("get_room_event_after_stream_ordering", _f)
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_room_events_max_id(self, room_id=None):
-        """Returns the current token for rooms stream.
-
-        By default, it returns the current global stream token. Specifying a
-        `room_id` causes it to return the current room specific topological
-        token.
-        """
-        token = yield self.get_room_max_stream_ordering()
-        if room_id is None:
-            return "s%d" % (token,)
-        else:
-            topo = yield self.runInteraction(
-                "_get_max_topological_txn", self._get_max_topological_txn, room_id
-            )
-            return "t%d-%d" % (topo, token)
-
-    def get_stream_token_for_event(self, event_id):
-        """The stream token for an event
-        Args:
-            event_id(str): The id of the event to look up a stream token for.
-        Raises:
-            StoreError if the event wasn't in the database.
-        Returns:
-            A deferred "s%d" stream token.
-        """
-        return self._simple_select_one_onecol(
-            table="events", keyvalues={"event_id": event_id}, retcol="stream_ordering"
-        ).addCallback(lambda row: "s%d" % (row,))
-
-    def get_topological_token_for_event(self, event_id):
-        """The stream token for an event
-        Args:
-            event_id(str): The id of the event to look up a stream token for.
-        Raises:
-            StoreError if the event wasn't in the database.
-        Returns:
-            A deferred "t%d-%d" topological token.
-        """
-        return self._simple_select_one(
-            table="events",
-            keyvalues={"event_id": event_id},
-            retcols=("stream_ordering", "topological_ordering"),
-            desc="get_topological_token_for_event",
-        ).addCallback(
-            lambda row: "t%d-%d" % (row["topological_ordering"], row["stream_ordering"])
-        )
-
-    def get_max_topological_token(self, room_id, stream_key):
-        """Get the max topological token in a room before the given stream
-        ordering.
-
-        Args:
-            room_id (str)
-            stream_key (int)
-
-        Returns:
-            Deferred[int]
-        """
-        sql = (
-            "SELECT coalesce(max(topological_ordering), 0) FROM events"
-            " WHERE room_id = ? AND stream_ordering < ?"
-        )
-        return self._execute(
-            "get_max_topological_token", None, sql, room_id, stream_key
-        ).addCallback(lambda r: r[0][0] if r else 0)
-
-    def _get_max_topological_txn(self, txn, room_id):
-        txn.execute(
-            "SELECT MAX(topological_ordering) FROM events" " WHERE room_id = ?",
-            (room_id,),
-        )
-
-        rows = txn.fetchall()
-        return rows[0][0] if rows else 0
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def _set_before_and_after(events, rows, topo_order=True):
-        """Inserts ordering information to events' internal metadata from
-        the DB rows.
-
-        Args:
-            events (list[FrozenEvent])
-            rows (list[_EventDictReturn])
-            topo_order (bool): Whether the events were ordered topologically
-                or by stream ordering. If true then all rows should have a non
-                null topological_ordering.
-        """
-        for event, row in zip(events, rows):
-            stream = row.stream_ordering
-            if topo_order and row.topological_ordering:
-                topo = row.topological_ordering
-            else:
-                topo = None
-            internal = event.internal_metadata
-            internal.before = str(RoomStreamToken(topo, stream - 1))
-            internal.after = str(RoomStreamToken(topo, stream))
-            internal.order = (int(topo) if topo else 0, int(stream))
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_events_around(
-        self, room_id, event_id, before_limit, after_limit, event_filter=None
-    ):
-        """Retrieve events and pagination tokens around a given event in a
-        room.
-
-        Args:
-            room_id (str)
-            event_id (str)
-            before_limit (int)
-            after_limit (int)
-            event_filter (Filter|None)
-
-        Returns:
-            dict
-        """
-
-        results = yield self.runInteraction(
-            "get_events_around",
-            self._get_events_around_txn,
-            room_id,
-            event_id,
-            before_limit,
-            after_limit,
-            event_filter,
-        )
-
-        events_before = yield self.get_events_as_list(
-            [e for e in results["before"]["event_ids"]], get_prev_content=True
-        )
-
-        events_after = yield self.get_events_as_list(
-            [e for e in results["after"]["event_ids"]], get_prev_content=True
-        )
-
-        return {
-            "events_before": events_before,
-            "events_after": events_after,
-            "start": results["before"]["token"],
-            "end": results["after"]["token"],
-        }
-
-    def _get_events_around_txn(
-        self, txn, room_id, event_id, before_limit, after_limit, event_filter
-    ):
-        """Retrieves event_ids and pagination tokens around a given event in a
-        room.
-
-        Args:
-            room_id (str)
-            event_id (str)
-            before_limit (int)
-            after_limit (int)
-            event_filter (Filter|None)
-
-        Returns:
-            dict
-        """
-
-        results = self._simple_select_one_txn(
-            txn,
-            "events",
-            keyvalues={"event_id": event_id, "room_id": room_id},
-            retcols=["stream_ordering", "topological_ordering"],
-        )
-
-        # Paginating backwards includes the event at the token, but paginating
-        # forward doesn't.
-        before_token = RoomStreamToken(
-            results["topological_ordering"] - 1, results["stream_ordering"]
-        )
-
-        after_token = RoomStreamToken(
-            results["topological_ordering"], results["stream_ordering"]
-        )
-
-        rows, start_token = self._paginate_room_events_txn(
-            txn,
-            room_id,
-            before_token,
-            direction="b",
-            limit=before_limit,
-            event_filter=event_filter,
-        )
-        events_before = [r.event_id for r in rows]
-
-        rows, end_token = self._paginate_room_events_txn(
-            txn,
-            room_id,
-            after_token,
-            direction="f",
-            limit=after_limit,
-            event_filter=event_filter,
-        )
-        events_after = [r.event_id for r in rows]
-
-        return {
-            "before": {"event_ids": events_before, "token": start_token},
-            "after": {"event_ids": events_after, "token": end_token},
-        }
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_all_new_events_stream(self, from_id, current_id, limit):
-        """Get all new events
-
-         Returns all events with from_id < stream_ordering <= current_id.
-
-         Args:
-             from_id (int):  the stream_ordering of the last event we processed
-             current_id (int):  the stream_ordering of the most recently processed event
-             limit (int): the maximum number of events to return
-
-         Returns:
-             Deferred[Tuple[int, list[FrozenEvent]]]: A tuple of (next_id, events), where
-             `next_id` is the next value to pass as `from_id` (it will either be the
-             stream_ordering of the last returned event, or, if fewer than `limit` events
-             were found, `current_id`.
-         """
-
-        def get_all_new_events_stream_txn(txn):
-            sql = (
-                "SELECT e.stream_ordering, e.event_id"
-                " FROM events AS e"
-                " WHERE"
-                " ? < e.stream_ordering AND e.stream_ordering <= ?"
-                " ORDER BY e.stream_ordering ASC"
-                " LIMIT ?"
-            )
-
-            txn.execute(sql, (from_id, current_id, limit))
-            rows = txn.fetchall()
-
-            upper_bound = current_id
-            if len(rows) == limit:
-                upper_bound = rows[-1][0]
-
-            return upper_bound, [row[1] for row in rows]
-
-        upper_bound, event_ids = yield self.runInteraction(
-            "get_all_new_events_stream", get_all_new_events_stream_txn
-        )
-
-        events = yield self.get_events_as_list(event_ids)
-
-        return upper_bound, events
-
-    def get_federation_out_pos(self, typ):
-        return self._simple_select_one_onecol(
-            table="federation_stream_position",
-            retcol="stream_id",
-            keyvalues={"type": typ},
-            desc="get_federation_out_pos",
-        )
-
-    def update_federation_out_pos(self, typ, stream_id):
-        return self._simple_update_one(
-            table="federation_stream_position",
-            keyvalues={"type": typ},
-            updatevalues={"stream_id": stream_id},
-            desc="update_federation_out_pos",
-        )
-
-    def has_room_changed_since(self, room_id, stream_id):
-        return self._events_stream_cache.has_entity_changed(room_id, stream_id)
-
-    def _paginate_room_events_txn(
-        self,
-        txn,
-        room_id,
-        from_token,
-        to_token=None,
-        direction="b",
-        limit=-1,
-        event_filter=None,
-    ):
-        """Returns list of events before or after a given token.
-
-        Args:
-            txn
-            room_id (str)
-            from_token (RoomStreamToken): The token used to stream from
-            to_token (RoomStreamToken|None): A token which if given limits the
-                results to only those before
-            direction(char): Either 'b' or 'f' to indicate whether we are
-                paginating forwards or backwards from `from_key`.
-            limit (int): The maximum number of events to return.
-            event_filter (Filter|None): If provided filters the events to
-                those that match the filter.
-
-        Returns:
-            Deferred[tuple[list[_EventDictReturn], str]]: Returns the results
-            as a list of _EventDictReturn and a token that points to the end
-            of the result set. If no events are returned then the end of the
-            stream has been reached (i.e. there are no events between
-            `from_token` and `to_token`), or `limit` is zero.
-        """
-
-        assert int(limit) >= 0
-
-        # Tokens really represent positions between elements, but we use
-        # the convention of pointing to the event before the gap. Hence
-        # we have a bit of asymmetry when it comes to equalities.
-        args = [False, room_id]
-        if direction == "b":
-            order = "DESC"
-        else:
-            order = "ASC"
-
-        bounds = generate_pagination_where_clause(
-            direction=direction,
-            column_names=("topological_ordering", "stream_ordering"),
-            from_token=from_token,
-            to_token=to_token,
-            engine=self.database_engine,
-        )
-
-        filter_clause, filter_args = filter_to_clause(event_filter)
-
-        if filter_clause:
-            bounds += " AND " + filter_clause
-            args.extend(filter_args)
-
-        args.append(int(limit))
-
-        sql = (
-            "SELECT event_id, topological_ordering, stream_ordering"
-            " FROM events"
-            " WHERE outlier = ? AND room_id = ? AND %(bounds)s"
-            " ORDER BY topological_ordering %(order)s,"
-            " stream_ordering %(order)s LIMIT ?"
-        ) % {"bounds": bounds, "order": order}
-
-        txn.execute(sql, args)
-
-        rows = [_EventDictReturn(row[0], row[1], row[2]) for row in txn]
-
-        if rows:
-            topo = rows[-1].topological_ordering
-            toke = rows[-1].stream_ordering
-            if direction == "b":
-                # Tokens are positions between events.
-                # This token points *after* the last event in the chunk.
-                # We need it to point to the event before it in the chunk
-                # when we are going backwards so we subtract one from the
-                # stream part.
-                toke -= 1
-            next_token = RoomStreamToken(topo, toke)
-        else:
-            # TODO (erikj): We should work out what to do here instead.
-            next_token = to_token if to_token else from_token
-
-        return rows, str(next_token)
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def paginate_room_events(
-        self, room_id, from_key, to_key=None, direction="b", limit=-1, event_filter=None
-    ):
-        """Returns list of events before or after a given token.
-
-        Args:
-            room_id (str)
-            from_key (str): The token used to stream from
-            to_key (str|None): A token which if given limits the results to
-                only those before
-            direction(char): Either 'b' or 'f' to indicate whether we are
-                paginating forwards or backwards from `from_key`.
-            limit (int): The maximum number of events to return.
-            event_filter (Filter|None): If provided filters the events to
-                those that match the filter.
-
-        Returns:
-            tuple[list[FrozenEvent], str]: Returns the results as a list of
-            events and a token that points to the end of the result set. If no
-            events are returned then the end of the stream has been reached
-            (i.e. there are no events between `from_key` and `to_key`).
-        """
-
-        from_key = RoomStreamToken.parse(from_key)
-        if to_key:
-            to_key = RoomStreamToken.parse(to_key)
-
-        rows, token = yield self.runInteraction(
-            "paginate_room_events",
-            self._paginate_room_events_txn,
-            room_id,
-            from_key,
-            to_key,
-            direction,
-            limit,
-            event_filter,
-        )
-
-        events = yield self.get_events_as_list(
-            [r.event_id for r in rows], get_prev_content=True
-        )
-
-        self._set_before_and_after(events, rows)
-
-        return (events, token)
-
-
-class StreamStore(StreamWorkerStore):
-    def get_room_max_stream_ordering(self):
-        return self._stream_id_gen.get_current_token()
-
-    def get_room_min_stream_ordering(self):
-        return self._backfill_id_gen.get_current_token()
diff --git a/synapse/storage/tags.py b/synapse/storage/tags.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 20dd6bd53d..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/tags.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,265 +0,0 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-# Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
-# Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-
-import logging
-
-from six.moves import range
-
-from canonicaljson import json
-
-from twisted.internet import defer
-
-from synapse.storage.account_data import AccountDataWorkerStore
-from synapse.util.caches.descriptors import cached
-
-logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-
-
-class TagsWorkerStore(AccountDataWorkerStore):
-    @cached()
-    def get_tags_for_user(self, user_id):
-        """Get all the tags for a user.
-
-
-        Args:
-            user_id(str): The user to get the tags for.
-        Returns:
-            A deferred dict mapping from room_id strings to dicts mapping from
-            tag strings to tag content.
-        """
-
-        deferred = self._simple_select_list(
-            "room_tags", {"user_id": user_id}, ["room_id", "tag", "content"]
-        )
-
-        @deferred.addCallback
-        def tags_by_room(rows):
-            tags_by_room = {}
-            for row in rows:
-                room_tags = tags_by_room.setdefault(row["room_id"], {})
-                room_tags[row["tag"]] = json.loads(row["content"])
-            return tags_by_room
-
-        return deferred
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_all_updated_tags(self, last_id, current_id, limit):
-        """Get all the client tags that have changed on the server
-        Args:
-            last_id(int): The position to fetch from.
-            current_id(int): The position to fetch up to.
-        Returns:
-            A deferred list of tuples of stream_id int, user_id string,
-            room_id string, tag string and content string.
-        """
-        if last_id == current_id:
-            return []
-
-        def get_all_updated_tags_txn(txn):
-            sql = (
-                "SELECT stream_id, user_id, room_id"
-                " FROM room_tags_revisions as r"
-                " WHERE ? < stream_id AND stream_id <= ?"
-                " ORDER BY stream_id ASC LIMIT ?"
-            )
-            txn.execute(sql, (last_id, current_id, limit))
-            return txn.fetchall()
-
-        tag_ids = yield self.runInteraction(
-            "get_all_updated_tags", get_all_updated_tags_txn
-        )
-
-        def get_tag_content(txn, tag_ids):
-            sql = (
-                "SELECT tag, content" " FROM room_tags" " WHERE user_id=? AND room_id=?"
-            )
-            results = []
-            for stream_id, user_id, room_id in tag_ids:
-                txn.execute(sql, (user_id, room_id))
-                tags = []
-                for tag, content in txn:
-                    tags.append(json.dumps(tag) + ":" + content)
-                tag_json = "{" + ",".join(tags) + "}"
-                results.append((stream_id, user_id, room_id, tag_json))
-
-            return results
-
-        batch_size = 50
-        results = []
-        for i in range(0, len(tag_ids), batch_size):
-            tags = yield self.runInteraction(
-                "get_all_updated_tag_content",
-                get_tag_content,
-                tag_ids[i : i + batch_size],
-            )
-            results.extend(tags)
-
-        return results
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_updated_tags(self, user_id, stream_id):
-        """Get all the tags for the rooms where the tags have changed since the
-        given version
-
-        Args:
-            user_id(str): The user to get the tags for.
-            stream_id(int): The earliest update to get for the user.
-        Returns:
-            A deferred dict mapping from room_id strings to lists of tag
-            strings for all the rooms that changed since the stream_id token.
-        """
-
-        def get_updated_tags_txn(txn):
-            sql = (
-                "SELECT room_id from room_tags_revisions"
-                " WHERE user_id = ? AND stream_id > ?"
-            )
-            txn.execute(sql, (user_id, stream_id))
-            room_ids = [row[0] for row in txn]
-            return room_ids
-
-        changed = self._account_data_stream_cache.has_entity_changed(
-            user_id, int(stream_id)
-        )
-        if not changed:
-            return {}
-
-        room_ids = yield self.runInteraction("get_updated_tags", get_updated_tags_txn)
-
-        results = {}
-        if room_ids:
-            tags_by_room = yield self.get_tags_for_user(user_id)
-            for room_id in room_ids:
-                results[room_id] = tags_by_room.get(room_id, {})
-
-        return results
-
-    def get_tags_for_room(self, user_id, room_id):
-        """Get all the tags for the given room
-        Args:
-            user_id(str): The user to get tags for
-            room_id(str): The room to get tags for
-        Returns:
-            A deferred list of string tags.
-        """
-        return self._simple_select_list(
-            table="room_tags",
-            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "room_id": room_id},
-            retcols=("tag", "content"),
-            desc="get_tags_for_room",
-        ).addCallback(
-            lambda rows: {row["tag"]: json.loads(row["content"]) for row in rows}
-        )
-
-
-class TagsStore(TagsWorkerStore):
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def add_tag_to_room(self, user_id, room_id, tag, content):
-        """Add a tag to a room for a user.
-        Args:
-            user_id(str): The user to add a tag for.
-            room_id(str): The room to add a tag for.
-            tag(str): The tag name to add.
-            content(dict): A json object to associate with the tag.
-        Returns:
-            A deferred that completes once the tag has been added.
-        """
-        content_json = json.dumps(content)
-
-        def add_tag_txn(txn, next_id):
-            self._simple_upsert_txn(
-                txn,
-                table="room_tags",
-                keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "room_id": room_id, "tag": tag},
-                values={"content": content_json},
-            )
-            self._update_revision_txn(txn, user_id, room_id, next_id)
-
-        with self._account_data_id_gen.get_next() as next_id:
-            yield self.runInteraction("add_tag", add_tag_txn, next_id)
-
-        self.get_tags_for_user.invalidate((user_id,))
-
-        result = self._account_data_id_gen.get_current_token()
-        return result
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def remove_tag_from_room(self, user_id, room_id, tag):
-        """Remove a tag from a room for a user.
-        Returns:
-            A deferred that completes once the tag has been removed
-        """
-
-        def remove_tag_txn(txn, next_id):
-            sql = (
-                "DELETE FROM room_tags "
-                " WHERE user_id = ? AND room_id = ? AND tag = ?"
-            )
-            txn.execute(sql, (user_id, room_id, tag))
-            self._update_revision_txn(txn, user_id, room_id, next_id)
-
-        with self._account_data_id_gen.get_next() as next_id:
-            yield self.runInteraction("remove_tag", remove_tag_txn, next_id)
-
-        self.get_tags_for_user.invalidate((user_id,))
-
-        result = self._account_data_id_gen.get_current_token()
-        return result
-
-    def _update_revision_txn(self, txn, user_id, room_id, next_id):
-        """Update the latest revision of the tags for the given user and room.
-
-        Args:
-            txn: The database cursor
-            user_id(str): The ID of the user.
-            room_id(str): The ID of the room.
-            next_id(int): The the revision to advance to.
-        """
-
-        txn.call_after(
-            self._account_data_stream_cache.entity_has_changed, user_id, next_id
-        )
-
-        update_max_id_sql = (
-            "UPDATE account_data_max_stream_id"
-            " SET stream_id = ?"
-            " WHERE stream_id < ?"
-        )
-        txn.execute(update_max_id_sql, (next_id, next_id))
-
-        update_sql = (
-            "UPDATE room_tags_revisions"
-            " SET stream_id = ?"
-            " WHERE user_id = ?"
-            " AND room_id = ?"
-        )
-        txn.execute(update_sql, (next_id, user_id, room_id))
-
-        if txn.rowcount == 0:
-            insert_sql = (
-                "INSERT INTO room_tags_revisions (user_id, room_id, stream_id)"
-                " VALUES (?, ?, ?)"
-            )
-            try:
-                txn.execute(insert_sql, (user_id, room_id, next_id))
-            except self.database_engine.module.IntegrityError:
-                # Ignore insertion errors. It doesn't matter if the row wasn't
-                # inserted because if two updates happend concurrently the one
-                # with the higher stream_id will not be reported to a client
-                # unless the previous update has completed. It doesn't matter
-                # which stream_id ends up in the table, as long as it is higher
-                # than the id that the client has.
-                pass
diff --git a/synapse/storage/transactions.py b/synapse/storage/transactions.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 289c117396..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/transactions.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,274 +0,0 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-# Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-
-import logging
-from collections import namedtuple
-
-import six
-
-from canonicaljson import encode_canonical_json
-
-from twisted.internet import defer
-
-from synapse.metrics.background_process_metrics import run_as_background_process
-from synapse.util.caches.expiringcache import ExpiringCache
-
-from ._base import SQLBaseStore, db_to_json
-
-# py2 sqlite has buffer hardcoded as only binary type, so we must use it,
-# despite being deprecated and removed in favor of memoryview
-if six.PY2:
-    db_binary_type = six.moves.builtins.buffer
-else:
-    db_binary_type = memoryview
-
-logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-
-
-_TransactionRow = namedtuple(
-    "_TransactionRow",
-    ("id", "transaction_id", "destination", "ts", "response_code", "response_json"),
-)
-
-_UpdateTransactionRow = namedtuple(
-    "_TransactionRow", ("response_code", "response_json")
-)
-
-SENTINEL = object()
-
-
-class TransactionStore(SQLBaseStore):
-    """A collection of queries for handling PDUs.
-    """
-
-    def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
-        super(TransactionStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
-
-        self._clock.looping_call(self._start_cleanup_transactions, 30 * 60 * 1000)
-
-        self._destination_retry_cache = ExpiringCache(
-            cache_name="get_destination_retry_timings",
-            clock=self._clock,
-            expiry_ms=5 * 60 * 1000,
-        )
-
-    def get_received_txn_response(self, transaction_id, origin):
-        """For an incoming transaction from a given origin, check if we have
-        already responded to it. If so, return the response code and response
-        body (as a dict).
-
-        Args:
-            transaction_id (str)
-            origin(str)
-
-        Returns:
-            tuple: None if we have not previously responded to
-            this transaction or a 2-tuple of (int, dict)
-        """
-
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "get_received_txn_response",
-            self._get_received_txn_response,
-            transaction_id,
-            origin,
-        )
-
-    def _get_received_txn_response(self, txn, transaction_id, origin):
-        result = self._simple_select_one_txn(
-            txn,
-            table="received_transactions",
-            keyvalues={"transaction_id": transaction_id, "origin": origin},
-            retcols=(
-                "transaction_id",
-                "origin",
-                "ts",
-                "response_code",
-                "response_json",
-                "has_been_referenced",
-            ),
-            allow_none=True,
-        )
-
-        if result and result["response_code"]:
-            return result["response_code"], db_to_json(result["response_json"])
-
-        else:
-            return None
-
-    def set_received_txn_response(self, transaction_id, origin, code, response_dict):
-        """Persist the response we returened for an incoming transaction, and
-        should return for subsequent transactions with the same transaction_id
-        and origin.
-
-        Args:
-            txn
-            transaction_id (str)
-            origin (str)
-            code (int)
-            response_json (str)
-        """
-
-        return self._simple_insert(
-            table="received_transactions",
-            values={
-                "transaction_id": transaction_id,
-                "origin": origin,
-                "response_code": code,
-                "response_json": db_binary_type(encode_canonical_json(response_dict)),
-                "ts": self._clock.time_msec(),
-            },
-            or_ignore=True,
-            desc="set_received_txn_response",
-        )
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_destination_retry_timings(self, destination):
-        """Gets the current retry timings (if any) for a given destination.
-
-        Args:
-            destination (str)
-
-        Returns:
-            None if not retrying
-            Otherwise a dict for the retry scheme
-        """
-
-        result = self._destination_retry_cache.get(destination, SENTINEL)
-        if result is not SENTINEL:
-            return result
-
-        result = yield self.runInteraction(
-            "get_destination_retry_timings",
-            self._get_destination_retry_timings,
-            destination,
-        )
-
-        # We don't hugely care about race conditions between getting and
-        # invalidating the cache, since we time out fairly quickly anyway.
-        self._destination_retry_cache[destination] = result
-        return result
-
-    def _get_destination_retry_timings(self, txn, destination):
-        result = self._simple_select_one_txn(
-            txn,
-            table="destinations",
-            keyvalues={"destination": destination},
-            retcols=("destination", "failure_ts", "retry_last_ts", "retry_interval"),
-            allow_none=True,
-        )
-
-        if result and result["retry_last_ts"] > 0:
-            return result
-        else:
-            return None
-
-    def set_destination_retry_timings(
-        self, destination, failure_ts, retry_last_ts, retry_interval
-    ):
-        """Sets the current retry timings for a given destination.
-        Both timings should be zero if retrying is no longer occuring.
-
-        Args:
-            destination (str)
-            failure_ts (int|None) - when the server started failing (ms since epoch)
-            retry_last_ts (int) - time of last retry attempt in unix epoch ms
-            retry_interval (int) - how long until next retry in ms
-        """
-
-        self._destination_retry_cache.pop(destination, None)
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "set_destination_retry_timings",
-            self._set_destination_retry_timings,
-            destination,
-            failure_ts,
-            retry_last_ts,
-            retry_interval,
-        )
-
-    def _set_destination_retry_timings(
-        self, txn, destination, failure_ts, retry_last_ts, retry_interval
-    ):
-
-        if self.database_engine.can_native_upsert:
-            # Upsert retry time interval if retry_interval is zero (i.e. we're
-            # resetting it) or greater than the existing retry interval.
-
-            sql = """
-                INSERT INTO destinations (
-                    destination, failure_ts, retry_last_ts, retry_interval
-                )
-                    VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)
-                ON CONFLICT (destination) DO UPDATE SET
-                        failure_ts = EXCLUDED.failure_ts,
-                        retry_last_ts = EXCLUDED.retry_last_ts,
-                        retry_interval = EXCLUDED.retry_interval
-                    WHERE
-                        EXCLUDED.retry_interval = 0
-                        OR destinations.retry_interval < EXCLUDED.retry_interval
-            """
-
-            txn.execute(sql, (destination, failure_ts, retry_last_ts, retry_interval))
-
-            return
-
-        self.database_engine.lock_table(txn, "destinations")
-
-        # We need to be careful here as the data may have changed from under us
-        # due to a worker setting the timings.
-
-        prev_row = self._simple_select_one_txn(
-            txn,
-            table="destinations",
-            keyvalues={"destination": destination},
-            retcols=("failure_ts", "retry_last_ts", "retry_interval"),
-            allow_none=True,
-        )
-
-        if not prev_row:
-            self._simple_insert_txn(
-                txn,
-                table="destinations",
-                values={
-                    "destination": destination,
-                    "failure_ts": failure_ts,
-                    "retry_last_ts": retry_last_ts,
-                    "retry_interval": retry_interval,
-                },
-            )
-        elif retry_interval == 0 or prev_row["retry_interval"] < retry_interval:
-            self._simple_update_one_txn(
-                txn,
-                "destinations",
-                keyvalues={"destination": destination},
-                updatevalues={
-                    "failure_ts": failure_ts,
-                    "retry_last_ts": retry_last_ts,
-                    "retry_interval": retry_interval,
-                },
-            )
-
-    def _start_cleanup_transactions(self):
-        return run_as_background_process(
-            "cleanup_transactions", self._cleanup_transactions
-        )
-
-    def _cleanup_transactions(self):
-        now = self._clock.time_msec()
-        month_ago = now - 30 * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000
-
-        def _cleanup_transactions_txn(txn):
-            txn.execute("DELETE FROM received_transactions WHERE ts < ?", (month_ago,))
-
-        return self.runInteraction("_cleanup_transactions", _cleanup_transactions_txn)
diff --git a/synapse/storage/user_directory.py b/synapse/storage/user_directory.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 1b1e4751b9..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/user_directory.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,827 +0,0 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-# Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-
-import logging
-import re
-
-from twisted.internet import defer
-
-from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes, JoinRules
-from synapse.storage.background_updates import BackgroundUpdateStore
-from synapse.storage.engines import PostgresEngine, Sqlite3Engine
-from synapse.storage.state import StateFilter
-from synapse.storage.state_deltas import StateDeltasStore
-from synapse.types import get_domain_from_id, get_localpart_from_id
-from synapse.util.caches.descriptors import cached
-
-logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-
-
-TEMP_TABLE = "_temp_populate_user_directory"
-
-
-class UserDirectoryBackgroundUpdateStore(StateDeltasStore, BackgroundUpdateStore):
-
-    # How many records do we calculate before sending it to
-    # add_users_who_share_private_rooms?
-    SHARE_PRIVATE_WORKING_SET = 500
-
-    def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
-        super(UserDirectoryBackgroundUpdateStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
-
-        self.server_name = hs.hostname
-
-        self.register_background_update_handler(
-            "populate_user_directory_createtables",
-            self._populate_user_directory_createtables,
-        )
-        self.register_background_update_handler(
-            "populate_user_directory_process_rooms",
-            self._populate_user_directory_process_rooms,
-        )
-        self.register_background_update_handler(
-            "populate_user_directory_process_users",
-            self._populate_user_directory_process_users,
-        )
-        self.register_background_update_handler(
-            "populate_user_directory_cleanup", self._populate_user_directory_cleanup
-        )
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _populate_user_directory_createtables(self, progress, batch_size):
-
-        # Get all the rooms that we want to process.
-        def _make_staging_area(txn):
-            sql = (
-                "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "
-                + TEMP_TABLE
-                + "_rooms(room_id TEXT NOT NULL, events BIGINT NOT NULL)"
-            )
-            txn.execute(sql)
-
-            sql = (
-                "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "
-                + TEMP_TABLE
-                + "_position(position TEXT NOT NULL)"
-            )
-            txn.execute(sql)
-
-            # Get rooms we want to process from the database
-            sql = """
-                SELECT room_id, count(*) FROM current_state_events
-                GROUP BY room_id
-            """
-            txn.execute(sql)
-            rooms = [{"room_id": x[0], "events": x[1]} for x in txn.fetchall()]
-            self._simple_insert_many_txn(txn, TEMP_TABLE + "_rooms", rooms)
-            del rooms
-
-            # If search all users is on, get all the users we want to add.
-            if self.hs.config.user_directory_search_all_users:
-                sql = (
-                    "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "
-                    + TEMP_TABLE
-                    + "_users(user_id TEXT NOT NULL)"
-                )
-                txn.execute(sql)
-
-                txn.execute("SELECT name FROM users")
-                users = [{"user_id": x[0]} for x in txn.fetchall()]
-
-                self._simple_insert_many_txn(txn, TEMP_TABLE + "_users", users)
-
-        new_pos = yield self.get_max_stream_id_in_current_state_deltas()
-        yield self.runInteraction(
-            "populate_user_directory_temp_build", _make_staging_area
-        )
-        yield self._simple_insert(TEMP_TABLE + "_position", {"position": new_pos})
-
-        yield self._end_background_update("populate_user_directory_createtables")
-        return 1
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _populate_user_directory_cleanup(self, progress, batch_size):
-        """
-        Update the user directory stream position, then clean up the old tables.
-        """
-        position = yield self._simple_select_one_onecol(
-            TEMP_TABLE + "_position", None, "position"
-        )
-        yield self.update_user_directory_stream_pos(position)
-
-        def _delete_staging_area(txn):
-            txn.execute("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS " + TEMP_TABLE + "_rooms")
-            txn.execute("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS " + TEMP_TABLE + "_users")
-            txn.execute("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS " + TEMP_TABLE + "_position")
-
-        yield self.runInteraction(
-            "populate_user_directory_cleanup", _delete_staging_area
-        )
-
-        yield self._end_background_update("populate_user_directory_cleanup")
-        return 1
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _populate_user_directory_process_rooms(self, progress, batch_size):
-        """
-        Args:
-            progress (dict)
-            batch_size (int): Maximum number of state events to process
-                per cycle.
-        """
-        state = self.hs.get_state_handler()
-
-        # If we don't have progress filed, delete everything.
-        if not progress:
-            yield self.delete_all_from_user_dir()
-
-        def _get_next_batch(txn):
-            # Only fetch 250 rooms, so we don't fetch too many at once, even
-            # if those 250 rooms have less than batch_size state events.
-            sql = """
-                SELECT room_id, events FROM %s
-                ORDER BY events DESC
-                LIMIT 250
-            """ % (
-                TEMP_TABLE + "_rooms",
-            )
-            txn.execute(sql)
-            rooms_to_work_on = txn.fetchall()
-
-            if not rooms_to_work_on:
-                return None
-
-            # Get how many are left to process, so we can give status on how
-            # far we are in processing
-            txn.execute("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM " + TEMP_TABLE + "_rooms")
-            progress["remaining"] = txn.fetchone()[0]
-
-            return rooms_to_work_on
-
-        rooms_to_work_on = yield self.runInteraction(
-            "populate_user_directory_temp_read", _get_next_batch
-        )
-
-        # No more rooms -- complete the transaction.
-        if not rooms_to_work_on:
-            yield self._end_background_update("populate_user_directory_process_rooms")
-            return 1
-
-        logger.info(
-            "Processing the next %d rooms of %d remaining"
-            % (len(rooms_to_work_on), progress["remaining"])
-        )
-
-        processed_event_count = 0
-
-        for room_id, event_count in rooms_to_work_on:
-            is_in_room = yield self.is_host_joined(room_id, self.server_name)
-
-            if is_in_room:
-                is_public = yield self.is_room_world_readable_or_publicly_joinable(
-                    room_id
-                )
-
-                users_with_profile = yield state.get_current_users_in_room(room_id)
-                user_ids = set(users_with_profile)
-
-                # Update each user in the user directory.
-                for user_id, profile in users_with_profile.items():
-                    yield self.update_profile_in_user_dir(
-                        user_id, profile.display_name, profile.avatar_url
-                    )
-
-                to_insert = set()
-
-                if is_public:
-                    for user_id in user_ids:
-                        if self.get_if_app_services_interested_in_user(user_id):
-                            continue
-
-                        to_insert.add(user_id)
-
-                    if to_insert:
-                        yield self.add_users_in_public_rooms(room_id, to_insert)
-                        to_insert.clear()
-                else:
-                    for user_id in user_ids:
-                        if not self.hs.is_mine_id(user_id):
-                            continue
-
-                        if self.get_if_app_services_interested_in_user(user_id):
-                            continue
-
-                        for other_user_id in user_ids:
-                            if user_id == other_user_id:
-                                continue
-
-                            user_set = (user_id, other_user_id)
-                            to_insert.add(user_set)
-
-                            # If it gets too big, stop and write to the database
-                            # to prevent storing too much in RAM.
-                            if len(to_insert) >= self.SHARE_PRIVATE_WORKING_SET:
-                                yield self.add_users_who_share_private_room(
-                                    room_id, to_insert
-                                )
-                                to_insert.clear()
-
-                    if to_insert:
-                        yield self.add_users_who_share_private_room(room_id, to_insert)
-                        to_insert.clear()
-
-            # We've finished a room. Delete it from the table.
-            yield self._simple_delete_one(TEMP_TABLE + "_rooms", {"room_id": room_id})
-            # Update the remaining counter.
-            progress["remaining"] -= 1
-            yield self.runInteraction(
-                "populate_user_directory",
-                self._background_update_progress_txn,
-                "populate_user_directory_process_rooms",
-                progress,
-            )
-
-            processed_event_count += event_count
-
-            if processed_event_count > batch_size:
-                # Don't process any more rooms, we've hit our batch size.
-                return processed_event_count
-
-        return processed_event_count
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _populate_user_directory_process_users(self, progress, batch_size):
-        """
-        If search_all_users is enabled, add all of the users to the user directory.
-        """
-        if not self.hs.config.user_directory_search_all_users:
-            yield self._end_background_update("populate_user_directory_process_users")
-            return 1
-
-        def _get_next_batch(txn):
-            sql = "SELECT user_id FROM %s LIMIT %s" % (
-                TEMP_TABLE + "_users",
-                str(batch_size),
-            )
-            txn.execute(sql)
-            users_to_work_on = txn.fetchall()
-
-            if not users_to_work_on:
-                return None
-
-            users_to_work_on = [x[0] for x in users_to_work_on]
-
-            # Get how many are left to process, so we can give status on how
-            # far we are in processing
-            sql = "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM " + TEMP_TABLE + "_users"
-            txn.execute(sql)
-            progress["remaining"] = txn.fetchone()[0]
-
-            return users_to_work_on
-
-        users_to_work_on = yield self.runInteraction(
-            "populate_user_directory_temp_read", _get_next_batch
-        )
-
-        # No more users -- complete the transaction.
-        if not users_to_work_on:
-            yield self._end_background_update("populate_user_directory_process_users")
-            return 1
-
-        logger.info(
-            "Processing the next %d users of %d remaining"
-            % (len(users_to_work_on), progress["remaining"])
-        )
-
-        for user_id in users_to_work_on:
-            profile = yield self.get_profileinfo(get_localpart_from_id(user_id))
-            yield self.update_profile_in_user_dir(
-                user_id, profile.display_name, profile.avatar_url
-            )
-
-            # We've finished processing a user. Delete it from the table.
-            yield self._simple_delete_one(TEMP_TABLE + "_users", {"user_id": user_id})
-            # Update the remaining counter.
-            progress["remaining"] -= 1
-            yield self.runInteraction(
-                "populate_user_directory",
-                self._background_update_progress_txn,
-                "populate_user_directory_process_users",
-                progress,
-            )
-
-        return len(users_to_work_on)
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def is_room_world_readable_or_publicly_joinable(self, room_id):
-        """Check if the room is either world_readable or publically joinable
-        """
-
-        # Create a state filter that only queries join and history state event
-        types_to_filter = (
-            (EventTypes.JoinRules, ""),
-            (EventTypes.RoomHistoryVisibility, ""),
-        )
-
-        current_state_ids = yield self.get_filtered_current_state_ids(
-            room_id, StateFilter.from_types(types_to_filter)
-        )
-
-        join_rules_id = current_state_ids.get((EventTypes.JoinRules, ""))
-        if join_rules_id:
-            join_rule_ev = yield self.get_event(join_rules_id, allow_none=True)
-            if join_rule_ev:
-                if join_rule_ev.content.get("join_rule") == JoinRules.PUBLIC:
-                    return True
-
-        hist_vis_id = current_state_ids.get((EventTypes.RoomHistoryVisibility, ""))
-        if hist_vis_id:
-            hist_vis_ev = yield self.get_event(hist_vis_id, allow_none=True)
-            if hist_vis_ev:
-                if hist_vis_ev.content.get("history_visibility") == "world_readable":
-                    return True
-
-        return False
-
-    def update_profile_in_user_dir(self, user_id, display_name, avatar_url):
-        """
-        Update or add a user's profile in the user directory.
-        """
-
-        def _update_profile_in_user_dir_txn(txn):
-            new_entry = self._simple_upsert_txn(
-                txn,
-                table="user_directory",
-                keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
-                values={"display_name": display_name, "avatar_url": avatar_url},
-                lock=False,  # We're only inserter
-            )
-
-            if isinstance(self.database_engine, PostgresEngine):
-                # We weight the localpart most highly, then display name and finally
-                # server name
-                if self.database_engine.can_native_upsert:
-                    sql = """
-                        INSERT INTO user_directory_search(user_id, vector)
-                        VALUES (?,
-                            setweight(to_tsvector('english', ?), 'A')
-                            || setweight(to_tsvector('english', ?), 'D')
-                            || setweight(to_tsvector('english', COALESCE(?, '')), 'B')
-                        ) ON CONFLICT (user_id) DO UPDATE SET vector=EXCLUDED.vector
-                    """
-                    txn.execute(
-                        sql,
-                        (
-                            user_id,
-                            get_localpart_from_id(user_id),
-                            get_domain_from_id(user_id),
-                            display_name,
-                        ),
-                    )
-                else:
-                    # TODO: Remove this code after we've bumped the minimum version
-                    # of postgres to always support upserts, so we can get rid of
-                    # `new_entry` usage
-                    if new_entry is True:
-                        sql = """
-                            INSERT INTO user_directory_search(user_id, vector)
-                            VALUES (?,
-                                setweight(to_tsvector('english', ?), 'A')
-                                || setweight(to_tsvector('english', ?), 'D')
-                                || setweight(to_tsvector('english', COALESCE(?, '')), 'B')
-                            )
-                        """
-                        txn.execute(
-                            sql,
-                            (
-                                user_id,
-                                get_localpart_from_id(user_id),
-                                get_domain_from_id(user_id),
-                                display_name,
-                            ),
-                        )
-                    elif new_entry is False:
-                        sql = """
-                            UPDATE user_directory_search
-                            SET vector = setweight(to_tsvector('english', ?), 'A')
-                                || setweight(to_tsvector('english', ?), 'D')
-                                || setweight(to_tsvector('english', COALESCE(?, '')), 'B')
-                            WHERE user_id = ?
-                        """
-                        txn.execute(
-                            sql,
-                            (
-                                get_localpart_from_id(user_id),
-                                get_domain_from_id(user_id),
-                                display_name,
-                                user_id,
-                            ),
-                        )
-                    else:
-                        raise RuntimeError(
-                            "upsert returned None when 'can_native_upsert' is False"
-                        )
-            elif isinstance(self.database_engine, Sqlite3Engine):
-                value = "%s %s" % (user_id, display_name) if display_name else user_id
-                self._simple_upsert_txn(
-                    txn,
-                    table="user_directory_search",
-                    keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
-                    values={"value": value},
-                    lock=False,  # We're only inserter
-                )
-            else:
-                # This should be unreachable.
-                raise Exception("Unrecognized database engine")
-
-            txn.call_after(self.get_user_in_directory.invalidate, (user_id,))
-
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "update_profile_in_user_dir", _update_profile_in_user_dir_txn
-        )
-
-    def add_users_who_share_private_room(self, room_id, user_id_tuples):
-        """Insert entries into the users_who_share_private_rooms table. The first
-        user should be a local user.
-
-        Args:
-            room_id (str)
-            user_id_tuples([(str, str)]): iterable of 2-tuple of user IDs.
-        """
-
-        def _add_users_who_share_room_txn(txn):
-            self._simple_upsert_many_txn(
-                txn,
-                table="users_who_share_private_rooms",
-                key_names=["user_id", "other_user_id", "room_id"],
-                key_values=[
-                    (user_id, other_user_id, room_id)
-                    for user_id, other_user_id in user_id_tuples
-                ],
-                value_names=(),
-                value_values=None,
-            )
-
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "add_users_who_share_room", _add_users_who_share_room_txn
-        )
-
-    def add_users_in_public_rooms(self, room_id, user_ids):
-        """Insert entries into the users_who_share_private_rooms table. The first
-        user should be a local user.
-
-        Args:
-            room_id (str)
-            user_ids (list[str])
-        """
-
-        def _add_users_in_public_rooms_txn(txn):
-
-            self._simple_upsert_many_txn(
-                txn,
-                table="users_in_public_rooms",
-                key_names=["user_id", "room_id"],
-                key_values=[(user_id, room_id) for user_id in user_ids],
-                value_names=(),
-                value_values=None,
-            )
-
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "add_users_in_public_rooms", _add_users_in_public_rooms_txn
-        )
-
-    def delete_all_from_user_dir(self):
-        """Delete the entire user directory
-        """
-
-        def _delete_all_from_user_dir_txn(txn):
-            txn.execute("DELETE FROM user_directory")
-            txn.execute("DELETE FROM user_directory_search")
-            txn.execute("DELETE FROM users_in_public_rooms")
-            txn.execute("DELETE FROM users_who_share_private_rooms")
-            txn.call_after(self.get_user_in_directory.invalidate_all)
-
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "delete_all_from_user_dir", _delete_all_from_user_dir_txn
-        )
-
-    @cached()
-    def get_user_in_directory(self, user_id):
-        return self._simple_select_one(
-            table="user_directory",
-            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
-            retcols=("display_name", "avatar_url"),
-            allow_none=True,
-            desc="get_user_in_directory",
-        )
-
-    def update_user_directory_stream_pos(self, stream_id):
-        return self._simple_update_one(
-            table="user_directory_stream_pos",
-            keyvalues={},
-            updatevalues={"stream_id": stream_id},
-            desc="update_user_directory_stream_pos",
-        )
-
-
-class UserDirectoryStore(UserDirectoryBackgroundUpdateStore):
-
-    # How many records do we calculate before sending it to
-    # add_users_who_share_private_rooms?
-    SHARE_PRIVATE_WORKING_SET = 500
-
-    def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
-        super(UserDirectoryStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
-
-    def remove_from_user_dir(self, user_id):
-        def _remove_from_user_dir_txn(txn):
-            self._simple_delete_txn(
-                txn, table="user_directory", keyvalues={"user_id": user_id}
-            )
-            self._simple_delete_txn(
-                txn, table="user_directory_search", keyvalues={"user_id": user_id}
-            )
-            self._simple_delete_txn(
-                txn, table="users_in_public_rooms", keyvalues={"user_id": user_id}
-            )
-            self._simple_delete_txn(
-                txn,
-                table="users_who_share_private_rooms",
-                keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
-            )
-            self._simple_delete_txn(
-                txn,
-                table="users_who_share_private_rooms",
-                keyvalues={"other_user_id": user_id},
-            )
-            txn.call_after(self.get_user_in_directory.invalidate, (user_id,))
-
-        return self.runInteraction("remove_from_user_dir", _remove_from_user_dir_txn)
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_users_in_dir_due_to_room(self, room_id):
-        """Get all user_ids that are in the room directory because they're
-        in the given room_id
-        """
-        user_ids_share_pub = yield self._simple_select_onecol(
-            table="users_in_public_rooms",
-            keyvalues={"room_id": room_id},
-            retcol="user_id",
-            desc="get_users_in_dir_due_to_room",
-        )
-
-        user_ids_share_priv = yield self._simple_select_onecol(
-            table="users_who_share_private_rooms",
-            keyvalues={"room_id": room_id},
-            retcol="other_user_id",
-            desc="get_users_in_dir_due_to_room",
-        )
-
-        user_ids = set(user_ids_share_pub)
-        user_ids.update(user_ids_share_priv)
-
-        return user_ids
-
-    def remove_user_who_share_room(self, user_id, room_id):
-        """
-        Deletes entries in the users_who_share_*_rooms table. The first
-        user should be a local user.
-
-        Args:
-            user_id (str)
-            room_id (str)
-        """
-
-        def _remove_user_who_share_room_txn(txn):
-            self._simple_delete_txn(
-                txn,
-                table="users_who_share_private_rooms",
-                keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "room_id": room_id},
-            )
-            self._simple_delete_txn(
-                txn,
-                table="users_who_share_private_rooms",
-                keyvalues={"other_user_id": user_id, "room_id": room_id},
-            )
-            self._simple_delete_txn(
-                txn,
-                table="users_in_public_rooms",
-                keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "room_id": room_id},
-            )
-
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "remove_user_who_share_room", _remove_user_who_share_room_txn
-        )
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_user_dir_rooms_user_is_in(self, user_id):
-        """
-        Returns the rooms that a user is in.
-
-        Args:
-            user_id(str): Must be a local user
-
-        Returns:
-            list: user_id
-        """
-        rows = yield self._simple_select_onecol(
-            table="users_who_share_private_rooms",
-            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
-            retcol="room_id",
-            desc="get_rooms_user_is_in",
-        )
-
-        pub_rows = yield self._simple_select_onecol(
-            table="users_in_public_rooms",
-            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
-            retcol="room_id",
-            desc="get_rooms_user_is_in",
-        )
-
-        users = set(pub_rows)
-        users.update(rows)
-        return list(users)
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_rooms_in_common_for_users(self, user_id, other_user_id):
-        """Given two user_ids find out the list of rooms they share.
-        """
-        sql = """
-            SELECT room_id FROM (
-                SELECT c.room_id FROM current_state_events AS c
-                INNER JOIN room_memberships AS m USING (event_id)
-                WHERE type = 'm.room.member'
-                    AND m.membership = 'join'
-                    AND state_key = ?
-            ) AS f1 INNER JOIN (
-                SELECT c.room_id FROM current_state_events AS c
-                INNER JOIN room_memberships AS m USING (event_id)
-                WHERE type = 'm.room.member'
-                    AND m.membership = 'join'
-                    AND state_key = ?
-            ) f2 USING (room_id)
-        """
-
-        rows = yield self._execute(
-            "get_rooms_in_common_for_users", None, sql, user_id, other_user_id
-        )
-
-        return [room_id for room_id, in rows]
-
-    def get_user_directory_stream_pos(self):
-        return self._simple_select_one_onecol(
-            table="user_directory_stream_pos",
-            keyvalues={},
-            retcol="stream_id",
-            desc="get_user_directory_stream_pos",
-        )
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def search_user_dir(self, user_id, search_term, limit):
-        """Searches for users in directory
-
-        Returns:
-            dict of the form::
-
-                {
-                    "limited": <bool>,  # whether there were more results or not
-                    "results": [  # Ordered by best match first
-                        {
-                            "user_id": <user_id>,
-                            "display_name": <display_name>,
-                            "avatar_url": <avatar_url>
-                        }
-                    ]
-                }
-        """
-
-        if self.hs.config.user_directory_search_all_users:
-            join_args = (user_id,)
-            where_clause = "user_id != ?"
-        else:
-            join_args = (user_id,)
-            where_clause = """
-                (
-                    EXISTS (select 1 from users_in_public_rooms WHERE user_id = t.user_id)
-                    OR EXISTS (
-                        SELECT 1 FROM users_who_share_private_rooms
-                        WHERE user_id = ? AND other_user_id = t.user_id
-                    )
-                )
-            """
-
-        if isinstance(self.database_engine, PostgresEngine):
-            full_query, exact_query, prefix_query = _parse_query_postgres(search_term)
-
-            # We order by rank and then if they have profile info
-            # The ranking algorithm is hand tweaked for "best" results. Broadly
-            # the idea is we give a higher weight to exact matches.
-            # The array of numbers are the weights for the various part of the
-            # search: (domain, _, display name, localpart)
-            sql = """
-                SELECT d.user_id AS user_id, display_name, avatar_url
-                FROM user_directory_search as t
-                INNER JOIN user_directory AS d USING (user_id)
-                WHERE
-                    %s
-                    AND vector @@ to_tsquery('english', ?)
-                ORDER BY
-                    (CASE WHEN d.user_id IS NOT NULL THEN 4.0 ELSE 1.0 END)
-                    * (CASE WHEN display_name IS NOT NULL THEN 1.2 ELSE 1.0 END)
-                    * (CASE WHEN avatar_url IS NOT NULL THEN 1.2 ELSE 1.0 END)
-                    * (
-                        3 * ts_rank_cd(
-                            '{0.1, 0.1, 0.9, 1.0}',
-                            vector,
-                            to_tsquery('english', ?),
-                            8
-                        )
-                        + ts_rank_cd(
-                            '{0.1, 0.1, 0.9, 1.0}',
-                            vector,
-                            to_tsquery('english', ?),
-                            8
-                        )
-                    )
-                    DESC,
-                    display_name IS NULL,
-                    avatar_url IS NULL
-                LIMIT ?
-            """ % (
-                where_clause,
-            )
-            args = join_args + (full_query, exact_query, prefix_query, limit + 1)
-        elif isinstance(self.database_engine, Sqlite3Engine):
-            search_query = _parse_query_sqlite(search_term)
-
-            sql = """
-                SELECT d.user_id AS user_id, display_name, avatar_url
-                FROM user_directory_search as t
-                INNER JOIN user_directory AS d USING (user_id)
-                WHERE
-                    %s
-                    AND value MATCH ?
-                ORDER BY
-                    rank(matchinfo(user_directory_search)) DESC,
-                    display_name IS NULL,
-                    avatar_url IS NULL
-                LIMIT ?
-            """ % (
-                where_clause,
-            )
-            args = join_args + (search_query, limit + 1)
-        else:
-            # This should be unreachable.
-            raise Exception("Unrecognized database engine")
-
-        results = yield self._execute(
-            "search_user_dir", self.cursor_to_dict, sql, *args
-        )
-
-        limited = len(results) > limit
-
-        return {"limited": limited, "results": results}
-
-
-def _parse_query_sqlite(search_term):
-    """Takes a plain unicode string from the user and converts it into a form
-    that can be passed to database.
-    We use this so that we can add prefix matching, which isn't something
-    that is supported by default.
-
-    We specifically add both a prefix and non prefix matching term so that
-    exact matches get ranked higher.
-    """
-
-    # Pull out the individual words, discarding any non-word characters.
-    results = re.findall(r"([\w\-]+)", search_term, re.UNICODE)
-    return " & ".join("(%s* OR %s)" % (result, result) for result in results)
-
-
-def _parse_query_postgres(search_term):
-    """Takes a plain unicode string from the user and converts it into a form
-    that can be passed to database.
-    We use this so that we can add prefix matching, which isn't something
-    that is supported by default.
-    """
-
-    # Pull out the individual words, discarding any non-word characters.
-    results = re.findall(r"([\w\-]+)", search_term, re.UNICODE)
-
-    both = " & ".join("(%s:* | %s)" % (result, result) for result in results)
-    exact = " & ".join("%s" % (result,) for result in results)
-    prefix = " & ".join("%s:*" % (result,) for result in results)
-
-    return both, exact, prefix
diff --git a/synapse/storage/user_erasure_store.py b/synapse/storage/user_erasure_store.py
deleted file mode 100644
index aa4f0da5f0..0000000000
--- a/synapse/storage/user_erasure_store.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,91 +0,0 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-# Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-
-import operator
-
-from synapse.storage._base import SQLBaseStore
-from synapse.util.caches.descriptors import cached, cachedList
-
-
-class UserErasureWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
-    @cached()
-    def is_user_erased(self, user_id):
-        """
-        Check if the given user id has requested erasure
-
-        Args:
-            user_id (str): full user id to check
-
-        Returns:
-            Deferred[bool]: True if the user has requested erasure
-        """
-        return self._simple_select_onecol(
-            table="erased_users",
-            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
-            retcol="1",
-            desc="is_user_erased",
-        ).addCallback(operator.truth)
-
-    @cachedList(
-        cached_method_name="is_user_erased", list_name="user_ids", inlineCallbacks=True
-    )
-    def are_users_erased(self, user_ids):
-        """
-        Checks which users in a list have requested erasure
-
-        Args:
-            user_ids (iterable[str]): full user id to check
-
-        Returns:
-            Deferred[dict[str, bool]]:
-                for each user, whether the user has requested erasure.
-        """
-        # this serves the dual purpose of (a) making sure we can do len and
-        # iterate it multiple times, and (b) avoiding duplicates.
-        user_ids = tuple(set(user_ids))
-
-        rows = yield self._simple_select_many_batch(
-            table="erased_users",
-            column="user_id",
-            iterable=user_ids,
-            retcols=("user_id",),
-            desc="are_users_erased",
-        )
-        erased_users = set(row["user_id"] for row in rows)
-
-        res = dict((u, u in erased_users) for u in user_ids)
-        return res
-
-
-class UserErasureStore(UserErasureWorkerStore):
-    def mark_user_erased(self, user_id):
-        """Indicate that user_id wishes their message history to be erased.
-
-        Args:
-            user_id (str): full user_id to be erased
-        """
-
-        def f(txn):
-            # first check if they are already in the list
-            txn.execute("SELECT 1 FROM erased_users WHERE user_id = ?", (user_id,))
-            if txn.fetchone():
-                return
-
-            # they are not already there: do the insert.
-            txn.execute("INSERT INTO erased_users (user_id) VALUES (?)", (user_id,))
-
-            self._invalidate_cache_and_stream(txn, self.is_user_erased, (user_id,))
-
-        return self.runInteraction("mark_user_erased", f)
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_stats.py b/tests/handlers/test_stats.py
index 7569b6fab5..d5c8bd7612 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_stats.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_stats.py
@@ -13,9 +13,9 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-from synapse import storage
 from synapse.rest import admin
 from synapse.rest.client.v1 import login, room
+from synapse.storage.data_stores.main import stats
 
 from tests import unittest
 
@@ -87,10 +87,10 @@ class StatsRoomTests(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         )
 
     def _get_current_stats(self, stats_type, stat_id):
-        table, id_col = storage.stats.TYPE_TO_TABLE[stats_type]
+        table, id_col = stats.TYPE_TO_TABLE[stats_type]
 
-        cols = list(storage.stats.ABSOLUTE_STATS_FIELDS[stats_type]) + list(
-            storage.stats.PER_SLICE_FIELDS[stats_type]
+        cols = list(stats.ABSOLUTE_STATS_FIELDS[stats_type]) + list(
+            stats.PER_SLICE_FIELDS[stats_type]
         )
 
         end_ts = self.store.quantise_stats_time(self.reactor.seconds() * 1000)
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_appservice.py b/tests/storage/test_appservice.py
index 622b16a071..dfeea24599 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_appservice.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_appservice.py
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ from twisted.internet import defer
 
 from synapse.appservice import ApplicationService, ApplicationServiceState
 from synapse.config._base import ConfigError
-from synapse.storage.appservice import (
+from synapse.storage.data_stores.main.appservice import (
     ApplicationServiceStore,
     ApplicationServiceTransactionStore,
 )
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_cleanup_extrems.py b/tests/storage/test_cleanup_extrems.py
index 34f9c72709..69dcaa63d5 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_cleanup_extrems.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_cleanup_extrems.py
@@ -50,6 +50,8 @@ class CleanupExtremBackgroundUpdateStoreTestCase(HomeserverTestCase):
 
         schema_path = os.path.join(
             prepare_database.dir_path,
+            "data_stores",
+            "main",
             "schema",
             "delta",
             "54",
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_profile.py b/tests/storage/test_profile.py
index 45824bd3b2..24c7fe16c3 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_profile.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_profile.py
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 
 from twisted.internet import defer
 
-from synapse.storage.profile import ProfileStore
+from synapse.storage.data_stores.main.profile import ProfileStore
 from synapse.types import UserID
 
 from tests import unittest
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_user_directory.py b/tests/storage/test_user_directory.py
index d7d244ce97..7eea57c0e2 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_user_directory.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_user_directory.py
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 
 from twisted.internet import defer
 
-from synapse.storage import UserDirectoryStore
+from synapse.storage.data_stores.main.user_directory import UserDirectoryStore
 
 from tests import unittest
 from tests.utils import setup_test_homeserver
-- 
cgit 1.5.1


From 7e7a1461f64888fa71c8f06fb12f29cc3d233179 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Erik Johnston <erik@matrix.org>
Date: Fri, 25 Oct 2019 10:57:37 +0100
Subject: Fix tests

---
 tests/handlers/test_stats.py | 2 ++
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)

(limited to 'tests/handlers')

diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_stats.py b/tests/handlers/test_stats.py
index d5c8bd7612..e0075ccd32 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_stats.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_stats.py
@@ -607,6 +607,7 @@ class StatsRoomTests(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         """
 
         self.hs.config.stats_enabled = False
+        self.handler.stats_enabled = False
 
         u1 = self.register_user("u1", "pass")
         u1token = self.login("u1", "pass")
@@ -618,6 +619,7 @@ class StatsRoomTests(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         self.assertIsNone(self._get_current_stats("user", u1))
 
         self.hs.config.stats_enabled = True
+        self.handler.stats_enabled = True
 
         self._perform_background_initial_update()
 
-- 
cgit 1.5.1


From 3f33879be4697666a304a472d090d4def0c671d0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Erik Johnston <erik@matrix.org>
Date: Tue, 29 Oct 2019 14:05:32 +0000
Subject: Port federation_server to async/await

---
 synapse/federation/federation_server.py | 205 ++++++++++++++------------------
 tests/handlers/test_typing.py           |   3 +
 2 files changed, 90 insertions(+), 118 deletions(-)

(limited to 'tests/handlers')

diff --git a/synapse/federation/federation_server.py b/synapse/federation/federation_server.py
index 5fc7c1d67b..15c1fa0a51 100644
--- a/synapse/federation/federation_server.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/federation_server.py
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ from six import iteritems
 from canonicaljson import json
 from prometheus_client import Counter
 
-from twisted.internet import defer
 from twisted.internet.abstract import isIPAddress
 from twisted.python import failure
 
@@ -86,14 +85,12 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
         # come in waves.
         self._state_resp_cache = ResponseCache(hs, "state_resp", timeout_ms=30000)
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    @log_function
-    def on_backfill_request(self, origin, room_id, versions, limit):
-        with (yield self._server_linearizer.queue((origin, room_id))):
+    async def on_backfill_request(self, origin, room_id, versions, limit):
+        with (await self._server_linearizer.queue((origin, room_id))):
             origin_host, _ = parse_server_name(origin)
-            yield self.check_server_matches_acl(origin_host, room_id)
+            await self.check_server_matches_acl(origin_host, room_id)
 
-            pdus = yield self.handler.on_backfill_request(
+            pdus = await self.handler.on_backfill_request(
                 origin, room_id, versions, limit
             )
 
@@ -101,9 +98,7 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
 
         return 200, res
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    @log_function
-    def on_incoming_transaction(self, origin, transaction_data):
+    async def on_incoming_transaction(self, origin, transaction_data):
         # keep this as early as possible to make the calculated origin ts as
         # accurate as possible.
         request_time = self._clock.time_msec()
@@ -118,18 +113,17 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
         # use a linearizer to ensure that we don't process the same transaction
         # multiple times in parallel.
         with (
-            yield self._transaction_linearizer.queue(
+            await self._transaction_linearizer.queue(
                 (origin, transaction.transaction_id)
             )
         ):
-            result = yield self._handle_incoming_transaction(
+            result = await self._handle_incoming_transaction(
                 origin, transaction, request_time
             )
 
         return result
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _handle_incoming_transaction(self, origin, transaction, request_time):
+    async def _handle_incoming_transaction(self, origin, transaction, request_time):
         """ Process an incoming transaction and return the HTTP response
 
         Args:
@@ -140,7 +134,7 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
         Returns:
             Deferred[(int, object)]: http response code and body
         """
-        response = yield self.transaction_actions.have_responded(origin, transaction)
+        response = await self.transaction_actions.have_responded(origin, transaction)
 
         if response:
             logger.debug(
@@ -159,7 +153,7 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
             logger.info("Transaction PDU or EDU count too large. Returning 400")
 
             response = {}
-            yield self.transaction_actions.set_response(
+            await self.transaction_actions.set_response(
                 origin, transaction, 400, response
             )
             return 400, response
@@ -195,7 +189,7 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
                 continue
 
             try:
-                room_version = yield self.store.get_room_version(room_id)
+                room_version = await self.store.get_room_version(room_id)
             except NotFoundError:
                 logger.info("Ignoring PDU for unknown room_id: %s", room_id)
                 continue
@@ -221,11 +215,10 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
         # require callouts to other servers to fetch missing events), but
         # impose a limit to avoid going too crazy with ram/cpu.
 
-        @defer.inlineCallbacks
-        def process_pdus_for_room(room_id):
+        async def process_pdus_for_room(room_id):
             logger.debug("Processing PDUs for %s", room_id)
             try:
-                yield self.check_server_matches_acl(origin_host, room_id)
+                await self.check_server_matches_acl(origin_host, room_id)
             except AuthError as e:
                 logger.warn("Ignoring PDUs for room %s from banned server", room_id)
                 for pdu in pdus_by_room[room_id]:
@@ -237,7 +230,7 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
                 event_id = pdu.event_id
                 with nested_logging_context(event_id):
                     try:
-                        yield self._handle_received_pdu(origin, pdu)
+                        await self._handle_received_pdu(origin, pdu)
                         pdu_results[event_id] = {}
                     except FederationError as e:
                         logger.warn("Error handling PDU %s: %s", event_id, e)
@@ -251,36 +244,33 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
                             exc_info=(f.type, f.value, f.getTracebackObject()),
                         )
 
-        yield concurrently_execute(
+        await concurrently_execute(
             process_pdus_for_room, pdus_by_room.keys(), TRANSACTION_CONCURRENCY_LIMIT
         )
 
         if hasattr(transaction, "edus"):
             for edu in (Edu(**x) for x in transaction.edus):
-                yield self.received_edu(origin, edu.edu_type, edu.content)
+                await self.received_edu(origin, edu.edu_type, edu.content)
 
         response = {"pdus": pdu_results}
 
         logger.debug("Returning: %s", str(response))
 
-        yield self.transaction_actions.set_response(origin, transaction, 200, response)
+        await self.transaction_actions.set_response(origin, transaction, 200, response)
         return 200, response
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def received_edu(self, origin, edu_type, content):
+    async def received_edu(self, origin, edu_type, content):
         received_edus_counter.inc()
-        yield self.registry.on_edu(edu_type, origin, content)
+        await self.registry.on_edu(edu_type, origin, content)
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    @log_function
-    def on_context_state_request(self, origin, room_id, event_id):
+    async def on_context_state_request(self, origin, room_id, event_id):
         if not event_id:
             raise NotImplementedError("Specify an event")
 
         origin_host, _ = parse_server_name(origin)
-        yield self.check_server_matches_acl(origin_host, room_id)
+        await self.check_server_matches_acl(origin_host, room_id)
 
-        in_room = yield self.auth.check_host_in_room(room_id, origin)
+        in_room = await self.auth.check_host_in_room(room_id, origin)
         if not in_room:
             raise AuthError(403, "Host not in room.")
 
@@ -289,8 +279,8 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
         # in the cache so we could return it without waiting for the linearizer
         # - but that's non-trivial to get right, and anyway somewhat defeats
         # the point of the linearizer.
-        with (yield self._server_linearizer.queue((origin, room_id))):
-            resp = yield self._state_resp_cache.wrap(
+        with (await self._server_linearizer.queue((origin, room_id))):
+            resp = await self._state_resp_cache.wrap(
                 (room_id, event_id),
                 self._on_context_state_request_compute,
                 room_id,
@@ -299,65 +289,58 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
 
         return 200, resp
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def on_state_ids_request(self, origin, room_id, event_id):
+    async def on_state_ids_request(self, origin, room_id, event_id):
         if not event_id:
             raise NotImplementedError("Specify an event")
 
         origin_host, _ = parse_server_name(origin)
-        yield self.check_server_matches_acl(origin_host, room_id)
+        await self.check_server_matches_acl(origin_host, room_id)
 
-        in_room = yield self.auth.check_host_in_room(room_id, origin)
+        in_room = await self.auth.check_host_in_room(room_id, origin)
         if not in_room:
             raise AuthError(403, "Host not in room.")
 
-        state_ids = yield self.handler.get_state_ids_for_pdu(room_id, event_id)
-        auth_chain_ids = yield self.store.get_auth_chain_ids(state_ids)
+        state_ids = await self.handler.get_state_ids_for_pdu(room_id, event_id)
+        auth_chain_ids = await self.store.get_auth_chain_ids(state_ids)
 
         return 200, {"pdu_ids": state_ids, "auth_chain_ids": auth_chain_ids}
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _on_context_state_request_compute(self, room_id, event_id):
-        pdus = yield self.handler.get_state_for_pdu(room_id, event_id)
-        auth_chain = yield self.store.get_auth_chain([pdu.event_id for pdu in pdus])
+    async def _on_context_state_request_compute(self, room_id, event_id):
+        pdus = await self.handler.get_state_for_pdu(room_id, event_id)
+        auth_chain = await self.store.get_auth_chain([pdu.event_id for pdu in pdus])
 
         return {
             "pdus": [pdu.get_pdu_json() for pdu in pdus],
             "auth_chain": [pdu.get_pdu_json() for pdu in auth_chain],
         }
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    @log_function
-    def on_pdu_request(self, origin, event_id):
-        pdu = yield self.handler.get_persisted_pdu(origin, event_id)
+    async def on_pdu_request(self, origin, event_id):
+        pdu = await self.handler.get_persisted_pdu(origin, event_id)
 
         if pdu:
             return 200, self._transaction_from_pdus([pdu]).get_dict()
         else:
             return 404, ""
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def on_query_request(self, query_type, args):
+    async def on_query_request(self, query_type, args):
         received_queries_counter.labels(query_type).inc()
-        resp = yield self.registry.on_query(query_type, args)
+        resp = await self.registry.on_query(query_type, args)
         return 200, resp
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def on_make_join_request(self, origin, room_id, user_id, supported_versions):
+    async def on_make_join_request(self, origin, room_id, user_id, supported_versions):
         origin_host, _ = parse_server_name(origin)
-        yield self.check_server_matches_acl(origin_host, room_id)
+        await self.check_server_matches_acl(origin_host, room_id)
 
-        room_version = yield self.store.get_room_version(room_id)
+        room_version = await self.store.get_room_version(room_id)
         if room_version not in supported_versions:
             logger.warn("Room version %s not in %s", room_version, supported_versions)
             raise IncompatibleRoomVersionError(room_version=room_version)
 
-        pdu = yield self.handler.on_make_join_request(origin, room_id, user_id)
+        pdu = await self.handler.on_make_join_request(origin, room_id, user_id)
         time_now = self._clock.time_msec()
         return {"event": pdu.get_pdu_json(time_now), "room_version": room_version}
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def on_invite_request(self, origin, content, room_version):
+    async def on_invite_request(self, origin, content, room_version):
         if room_version not in KNOWN_ROOM_VERSIONS:
             raise SynapseError(
                 400,
@@ -369,28 +352,27 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
 
         pdu = event_from_pdu_json(content, format_ver)
         origin_host, _ = parse_server_name(origin)
-        yield self.check_server_matches_acl(origin_host, pdu.room_id)
-        pdu = yield self._check_sigs_and_hash(room_version, pdu)
-        ret_pdu = yield self.handler.on_invite_request(origin, pdu)
+        await self.check_server_matches_acl(origin_host, pdu.room_id)
+        pdu = await self._check_sigs_and_hash(room_version, pdu)
+        ret_pdu = await self.handler.on_invite_request(origin, pdu)
         time_now = self._clock.time_msec()
         return {"event": ret_pdu.get_pdu_json(time_now)}
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def on_send_join_request(self, origin, content, room_id):
+    async def on_send_join_request(self, origin, content, room_id):
         logger.debug("on_send_join_request: content: %s", content)
 
-        room_version = yield self.store.get_room_version(room_id)
+        room_version = await self.store.get_room_version(room_id)
         format_ver = room_version_to_event_format(room_version)
         pdu = event_from_pdu_json(content, format_ver)
 
         origin_host, _ = parse_server_name(origin)
-        yield self.check_server_matches_acl(origin_host, pdu.room_id)
+        await self.check_server_matches_acl(origin_host, pdu.room_id)
 
         logger.debug("on_send_join_request: pdu sigs: %s", pdu.signatures)
 
-        pdu = yield self._check_sigs_and_hash(room_version, pdu)
+        pdu = await self._check_sigs_and_hash(room_version, pdu)
 
-        res_pdus = yield self.handler.on_send_join_request(origin, pdu)
+        res_pdus = await self.handler.on_send_join_request(origin, pdu)
         time_now = self._clock.time_msec()
         return (
             200,
@@ -402,48 +384,44 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
             },
         )
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def on_make_leave_request(self, origin, room_id, user_id):
+    async def on_make_leave_request(self, origin, room_id, user_id):
         origin_host, _ = parse_server_name(origin)
-        yield self.check_server_matches_acl(origin_host, room_id)
-        pdu = yield self.handler.on_make_leave_request(origin, room_id, user_id)
+        await self.check_server_matches_acl(origin_host, room_id)
+        pdu = await self.handler.on_make_leave_request(origin, room_id, user_id)
 
-        room_version = yield self.store.get_room_version(room_id)
+        room_version = await self.store.get_room_version(room_id)
 
         time_now = self._clock.time_msec()
         return {"event": pdu.get_pdu_json(time_now), "room_version": room_version}
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def on_send_leave_request(self, origin, content, room_id):
+    async def on_send_leave_request(self, origin, content, room_id):
         logger.debug("on_send_leave_request: content: %s", content)
 
-        room_version = yield self.store.get_room_version(room_id)
+        room_version = await self.store.get_room_version(room_id)
         format_ver = room_version_to_event_format(room_version)
         pdu = event_from_pdu_json(content, format_ver)
 
         origin_host, _ = parse_server_name(origin)
-        yield self.check_server_matches_acl(origin_host, pdu.room_id)
+        await self.check_server_matches_acl(origin_host, pdu.room_id)
 
         logger.debug("on_send_leave_request: pdu sigs: %s", pdu.signatures)
 
-        pdu = yield self._check_sigs_and_hash(room_version, pdu)
+        pdu = await self._check_sigs_and_hash(room_version, pdu)
 
-        yield self.handler.on_send_leave_request(origin, pdu)
+        await self.handler.on_send_leave_request(origin, pdu)
         return 200, {}
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def on_event_auth(self, origin, room_id, event_id):
-        with (yield self._server_linearizer.queue((origin, room_id))):
+    async def on_event_auth(self, origin, room_id, event_id):
+        with (await self._server_linearizer.queue((origin, room_id))):
             origin_host, _ = parse_server_name(origin)
-            yield self.check_server_matches_acl(origin_host, room_id)
+            await self.check_server_matches_acl(origin_host, room_id)
 
             time_now = self._clock.time_msec()
-            auth_pdus = yield self.handler.on_event_auth(event_id)
+            auth_pdus = await self.handler.on_event_auth(event_id)
             res = {"auth_chain": [a.get_pdu_json(time_now) for a in auth_pdus]}
         return 200, res
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def on_query_auth_request(self, origin, content, room_id, event_id):
+    async def on_query_auth_request(self, origin, content, room_id, event_id):
         """
         Content is a dict with keys::
             auth_chain (list): A list of events that give the auth chain.
@@ -462,22 +440,22 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
         Returns:
             Deferred: Results in `dict` with the same format as `content`
         """
-        with (yield self._server_linearizer.queue((origin, room_id))):
+        with (await self._server_linearizer.queue((origin, room_id))):
             origin_host, _ = parse_server_name(origin)
-            yield self.check_server_matches_acl(origin_host, room_id)
+            await self.check_server_matches_acl(origin_host, room_id)
 
-            room_version = yield self.store.get_room_version(room_id)
+            room_version = await self.store.get_room_version(room_id)
             format_ver = room_version_to_event_format(room_version)
 
             auth_chain = [
                 event_from_pdu_json(e, format_ver) for e in content["auth_chain"]
             ]
 
-            signed_auth = yield self._check_sigs_and_hash_and_fetch(
+            signed_auth = await self._check_sigs_and_hash_and_fetch(
                 origin, auth_chain, outlier=True, room_version=room_version
             )
 
-            ret = yield self.handler.on_query_auth(
+            ret = await self.handler.on_query_auth(
                 origin,
                 event_id,
                 room_id,
@@ -503,16 +481,14 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
         return self.on_query_request("user_devices", user_id)
 
     @trace
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    @log_function
-    def on_claim_client_keys(self, origin, content):
+    async def on_claim_client_keys(self, origin, content):
         query = []
         for user_id, device_keys in content.get("one_time_keys", {}).items():
             for device_id, algorithm in device_keys.items():
                 query.append((user_id, device_id, algorithm))
 
         log_kv({"message": "Claiming one time keys.", "user, device pairs": query})
-        results = yield self.store.claim_e2e_one_time_keys(query)
+        results = await self.store.claim_e2e_one_time_keys(query)
 
         json_result = {}
         for user_id, device_keys in results.items():
@@ -536,14 +512,12 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
 
         return {"one_time_keys": json_result}
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    @log_function
-    def on_get_missing_events(
+    async def on_get_missing_events(
         self, origin, room_id, earliest_events, latest_events, limit
     ):
-        with (yield self._server_linearizer.queue((origin, room_id))):
+        with (await self._server_linearizer.queue((origin, room_id))):
             origin_host, _ = parse_server_name(origin)
-            yield self.check_server_matches_acl(origin_host, room_id)
+            await self.check_server_matches_acl(origin_host, room_id)
 
             logger.info(
                 "on_get_missing_events: earliest_events: %r, latest_events: %r,"
@@ -553,7 +527,7 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
                 limit,
             )
 
-            missing_events = yield self.handler.on_get_missing_events(
+            missing_events = await self.handler.on_get_missing_events(
                 origin, room_id, earliest_events, latest_events, limit
             )
 
@@ -586,8 +560,7 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
             destination=None,
         )
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _handle_received_pdu(self, origin, pdu):
+    async def _handle_received_pdu(self, origin, pdu):
         """ Process a PDU received in a federation /send/ transaction.
 
         If the event is invalid, then this method throws a FederationError.
@@ -640,37 +613,34 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
                 logger.info("Accepting join PDU %s from %s", pdu.event_id, origin)
 
         # We've already checked that we know the room version by this point
-        room_version = yield self.store.get_room_version(pdu.room_id)
+        room_version = await self.store.get_room_version(pdu.room_id)
 
         # Check signature.
         try:
-            pdu = yield self._check_sigs_and_hash(room_version, pdu)
+            pdu = await self._check_sigs_and_hash(room_version, pdu)
         except SynapseError as e:
             raise FederationError("ERROR", e.code, e.msg, affected=pdu.event_id)
 
-        yield self.handler.on_receive_pdu(origin, pdu, sent_to_us_directly=True)
+        await self.handler.on_receive_pdu(origin, pdu, sent_to_us_directly=True)
 
     def __str__(self):
         return "<ReplicationLayer(%s)>" % self.server_name
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def exchange_third_party_invite(
+    async def exchange_third_party_invite(
         self, sender_user_id, target_user_id, room_id, signed
     ):
-        ret = yield self.handler.exchange_third_party_invite(
+        ret = await self.handler.exchange_third_party_invite(
             sender_user_id, target_user_id, room_id, signed
         )
         return ret
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def on_exchange_third_party_invite_request(self, room_id, event_dict):
-        ret = yield self.handler.on_exchange_third_party_invite_request(
+    async def on_exchange_third_party_invite_request(self, room_id, event_dict):
+        ret = await self.handler.on_exchange_third_party_invite_request(
             room_id, event_dict
         )
         return ret
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def check_server_matches_acl(self, server_name, room_id):
+    async def check_server_matches_acl(self, server_name, room_id):
         """Check if the given server is allowed by the server ACLs in the room
 
         Args:
@@ -680,13 +650,13 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
         Raises:
             AuthError if the server does not match the ACL
         """
-        state_ids = yield self.store.get_current_state_ids(room_id)
+        state_ids = await self.store.get_current_state_ids(room_id)
         acl_event_id = state_ids.get((EventTypes.ServerACL, ""))
 
         if not acl_event_id:
             return
 
-        acl_event = yield self.store.get_event(acl_event_id)
+        acl_event = await self.store.get_event(acl_event_id)
         if server_matches_acl_event(server_name, acl_event):
             return
 
@@ -799,15 +769,14 @@ class FederationHandlerRegistry(object):
 
         self.query_handlers[query_type] = handler
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def on_edu(self, edu_type, origin, content):
+    async def on_edu(self, edu_type, origin, content):
         handler = self.edu_handlers.get(edu_type)
         if not handler:
             logger.warn("No handler registered for EDU type %s", edu_type)
 
         with start_active_span_from_edu(content, "handle_edu"):
             try:
-                yield handler(origin, content)
+                await handler(origin, content)
             except SynapseError as e:
                 logger.info("Failed to handle edu %r: %r", edu_type, e)
             except Exception:
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_typing.py b/tests/handlers/test_typing.py
index 67f1013051..f360c8e965 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_typing.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_typing.py
@@ -144,6 +144,9 @@ class TypingNotificationsTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         self.datastore.get_to_device_stream_token = lambda: 0
         self.datastore.get_new_device_msgs_for_remote = lambda *args, **kargs: ([], 0)
         self.datastore.delete_device_msgs_for_remote = lambda *args, **kargs: None
+        self.datastore.set_received_txn_response = lambda *args, **kwargs: defer.succeed(
+            None
+        )
 
     def test_started_typing_local(self):
         self.room_members = [U_APPLE, U_BANANA]
-- 
cgit 1.5.1


From bb6cec27a5ac6d5d6d5f67df21610a63745ac0a9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Hubert Chathi <hubert@uhoreg.ca>
Date: Wed, 30 Oct 2019 14:57:34 -0400
Subject: rename get_devices_by_remote to get_device_updates_by_remote

---
 synapse/federation/sender/per_destination_queue.py |  4 ++--
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/devices.py        |  8 ++++----
 tests/handlers/test_typing.py                      |  4 ++--
 tests/storage/test_devices.py                      | 12 ++++++------
 4 files changed, 14 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)

(limited to 'tests/handlers')

diff --git a/synapse/federation/sender/per_destination_queue.py b/synapse/federation/sender/per_destination_queue.py
index d5d4a60c88..6e3012cd41 100644
--- a/synapse/federation/sender/per_destination_queue.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/sender/per_destination_queue.py
@@ -359,7 +359,7 @@ class PerDestinationQueue(object):
         last_device_list = self._last_device_list_stream_id
 
         # Retrieve list of new device updates to send to the destination
-        now_stream_id, results = yield self._store.get_devices_by_remote(
+        now_stream_id, results = yield self._store.get_device_updates_by_remote(
             self._destination, last_device_list, limit=limit
         )
         edus = [
@@ -372,7 +372,7 @@ class PerDestinationQueue(object):
             for (edu_type, content) in results
         ]
 
-        assert len(edus) <= limit, "get_devices_by_remote returned too many EDUs"
+        assert len(edus) <= limit, "get_device_updates_by_remote returned too many EDUs"
 
         return (edus, now_stream_id)
 
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/devices.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/devices.py
index 0b12bc58c4..717eab4159 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/devices.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/devices.py
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ class DeviceWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
     @trace
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_devices_by_remote(self, destination, from_stream_id, limit):
+    def get_device_updates_by_remote(self, destination, from_stream_id, limit):
         """Get a stream of device updates to send to the given remote server.
 
         Args:
@@ -123,8 +123,8 @@ class DeviceWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         # stream_id; the rationale being that such a large device list update
         # is likely an error.
         updates = yield self.runInteraction(
-            "get_devices_by_remote",
-            self._get_devices_by_remote_txn,
+            "get_device_updates_by_remote",
+            self._get_device_updates_by_remote_txn,
             destination,
             from_stream_id,
             now_stream_id,
@@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ class DeviceWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
         return now_stream_id, results
 
-    def _get_devices_by_remote_txn(
+    def _get_device_updates_by_remote_txn(
         self, txn, destination, from_stream_id, now_stream_id, limit
     ):
         """Return device update information for a given remote destination
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_typing.py b/tests/handlers/test_typing.py
index f360c8e965..5ec568f4e6 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_typing.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_typing.py
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ class TypingNotificationsTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
                         "get_received_txn_response",
                         "set_received_txn_response",
                         "get_destination_retry_timings",
-                        "get_devices_by_remote",
+                        "get_device_updates_by_remote",
                         # Bits that user_directory needs
                         "get_user_directory_stream_pos",
                         "get_current_state_deltas",
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ class TypingNotificationsTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
             retry_timings_res
         )
 
-        self.datastore.get_devices_by_remote.return_value = (0, [])
+        self.datastore.get_device_updates_by_remote.return_value = (0, [])
 
         def get_received_txn_response(*args):
             return defer.succeed(None)
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_devices.py b/tests/storage/test_devices.py
index 039cc79357..6f8d990959 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_devices.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_devices.py
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ class DeviceStoreTestCase(tests.unittest.TestCase):
         )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def test_get_devices_by_remote(self):
+    def test_get_device_updates_by_remote(self):
         device_ids = ["device_id1", "device_id2"]
 
         # Add two device updates with a single stream_id
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ class DeviceStoreTestCase(tests.unittest.TestCase):
         )
 
         # Get all device updates ever meant for this remote
-        now_stream_id, device_updates = yield self.store.get_devices_by_remote(
+        now_stream_id, device_updates = yield self.store.get_device_updates_by_remote(
             "somehost", -1, limit=100
         )
 
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ class DeviceStoreTestCase(tests.unittest.TestCase):
         self._check_devices_in_updates(device_ids, device_updates)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def test_get_devices_by_remote_limited(self):
+    def test_get_device_updates_by_remote_limited(self):
         # Test breaking the update limit in 1, 101, and 1 device_id segments
 
         # first add one device
@@ -115,20 +115,20 @@ class DeviceStoreTestCase(tests.unittest.TestCase):
         #
 
         # first we should get a single update
-        now_stream_id, device_updates = yield self.store.get_devices_by_remote(
+        now_stream_id, device_updates = yield self.store.get_device_updates_by_remote(
             "someotherhost", -1, limit=100
         )
         self._check_devices_in_updates(device_ids1, device_updates)
 
         # Then we should get an empty list back as the 101 devices broke the limit
-        now_stream_id, device_updates = yield self.store.get_devices_by_remote(
+        now_stream_id, device_updates = yield self.store.get_device_updates_by_remote(
             "someotherhost", now_stream_id, limit=100
         )
         self.assertEqual(len(device_updates), 0)
 
         # The 101 devices should've been cleared, so we should now just get one device
         # update
-        now_stream_id, device_updates = yield self.store.get_devices_by_remote(
+        now_stream_id, device_updates = yield self.store.get_device_updates_by_remote(
             "someotherhost", now_stream_id, limit=100
         )
         self._check_devices_in_updates(device_ids3, device_updates)
-- 
cgit 1.5.1


From 807ec3bd99908d2991d2b3d0615b0862610c6dc3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Richard van der Hoff <1389908+richvdh@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 6 Nov 2019 10:01:39 +0000
Subject: Fix bug which caused rejected events to be stored with the wrong room
 state  (#6320)

Fixes a bug where rejected events were persisted with the wrong state group.

Also fixes an occasional internal-server-error when receiving events over
federation which are rejected and (possibly because they are
backwards-extremities) have no prev_group.

Fixes #6289.
---
 changelog.d/6320.bugfix                   |   1 +
 synapse/events/snapshot.py                |  25 ++++-
 synapse/handlers/federation.py            |   1 +
 synapse/state/__init__.py                 | 172 ++++++++++++++----------------
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/state.py |   2 +-
 tests/handlers/test_federation.py         | 126 ++++++++++++++++++++++
 tests/test_state.py                       |  61 +++++++++--
 7 files changed, 285 insertions(+), 103 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 changelog.d/6320.bugfix

(limited to 'tests/handlers')

diff --git a/changelog.d/6320.bugfix b/changelog.d/6320.bugfix
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2c3fad5655
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/6320.bugfix
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Fix bug which casued rejected events to be persisted with the wrong room state.
diff --git a/synapse/events/snapshot.py b/synapse/events/snapshot.py
index 0f3c5989cb..64e898f40c 100644
--- a/synapse/events/snapshot.py
+++ b/synapse/events/snapshot.py
@@ -48,10 +48,21 @@ class EventContext:
             Note that this is a private attribute: it should be accessed via
             the ``state_group`` property.
 
+        state_group_before_event: The ID of the state group representing the state
+            of the room before this event.
+
+            If this is a non-state event, this will be the same as ``state_group``. If
+            it's a state event, it will be the same as ``prev_group``.
+
+            If ``state_group`` is None (ie, the event is an outlier),
+            ``state_group_before_event`` will always also be ``None``.
+
         prev_group: If it is known, ``state_group``'s prev_group. Note that this being
             None does not necessarily mean that ``state_group`` does not have
             a prev_group!
 
+            If the event is a state event, this is normally the same as ``prev_group``.
+
             If ``state_group`` is None (ie, the event is an outlier), ``prev_group``
             will always also be ``None``.
 
@@ -77,7 +88,8 @@ class EventContext:
             ``get_current_state_ids``. _AsyncEventContext impl calculates this
             on-demand: it will be None until that happens.
 
-        _prev_state_ids: The room state map, excluding this event. For a non-state
+        _prev_state_ids: The room state map, excluding this event - ie, the state
+            in ``state_group_before_event``. For a non-state
             event, this will be the same as _current_state_events.
 
             Note that it is a completely different thing to prev_group!
@@ -92,6 +104,7 @@ class EventContext:
 
     rejected = attr.ib(default=False, type=Union[bool, str])
     _state_group = attr.ib(default=None, type=Optional[int])
+    state_group_before_event = attr.ib(default=None, type=Optional[int])
     prev_group = attr.ib(default=None, type=Optional[int])
     delta_ids = attr.ib(default=None, type=Optional[Dict[Tuple[str, str], str]])
     app_service = attr.ib(default=None, type=Optional[ApplicationService])
@@ -103,12 +116,18 @@ class EventContext:
 
     @staticmethod
     def with_state(
-        state_group, current_state_ids, prev_state_ids, prev_group=None, delta_ids=None
+        state_group,
+        state_group_before_event,
+        current_state_ids,
+        prev_state_ids,
+        prev_group=None,
+        delta_ids=None,
     ):
         return EventContext(
             current_state_ids=current_state_ids,
             prev_state_ids=prev_state_ids,
             state_group=state_group,
+            state_group_before_event=state_group_before_event,
             prev_group=prev_group,
             delta_ids=delta_ids,
         )
@@ -140,6 +159,7 @@ class EventContext:
             "event_type": event.type,
             "event_state_key": event.state_key if event.is_state() else None,
             "state_group": self._state_group,
+            "state_group_before_event": self.state_group_before_event,
             "rejected": self.rejected,
             "prev_group": self.prev_group,
             "delta_ids": _encode_state_dict(self.delta_ids),
@@ -165,6 +185,7 @@ class EventContext:
             event_type=input["event_type"],
             event_state_key=input["event_state_key"],
             state_group=input["state_group"],
+            state_group_before_event=input["state_group_before_event"],
             prev_group=input["prev_group"],
             delta_ids=_decode_state_dict(input["delta_ids"]),
             rejected=input["rejected"],
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/federation.py b/synapse/handlers/federation.py
index b7916de909..05dd8d2671 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/federation.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/federation.py
@@ -2280,6 +2280,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
 
         return EventContext.with_state(
             state_group=state_group,
+            state_group_before_event=context.state_group_before_event,
             current_state_ids=current_state_ids,
             prev_state_ids=prev_state_ids,
             prev_group=prev_group,
diff --git a/synapse/state/__init__.py b/synapse/state/__init__.py
index 2c04ab1854..139beef8ed 100644
--- a/synapse/state/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/state/__init__.py
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 import logging
 from collections import namedtuple
+from typing import Iterable, Optional
 
 from six import iteritems, itervalues
 
@@ -27,6 +28,7 @@ from twisted.internet import defer
 
 from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes
 from synapse.api.room_versions import KNOWN_ROOM_VERSIONS, StateResolutionVersions
+from synapse.events import EventBase
 from synapse.events.snapshot import EventContext
 from synapse.logging.utils import log_function
 from synapse.state import v1, v2
@@ -212,15 +214,17 @@ class StateHandler(object):
         return joined_hosts
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def compute_event_context(self, event, old_state=None):
+    def compute_event_context(
+        self, event: EventBase, old_state: Optional[Iterable[EventBase]] = None
+    ):
         """Build an EventContext structure for the event.
 
         This works out what the current state should be for the event, and
         generates a new state group if necessary.
 
         Args:
-            event (synapse.events.EventBase):
-            old_state (dict|None): The state at the event if it can't be
+            event:
+            old_state: The state at the event if it can't be
                 calculated from existing events. This is normally only specified
                 when receiving an event from federation where we don't have the
                 prev events for, e.g. when backfilling.
@@ -251,113 +255,103 @@ class StateHandler(object):
             # group for it.
             context = EventContext.with_state(
                 state_group=None,
+                state_group_before_event=None,
                 current_state_ids=current_state_ids,
                 prev_state_ids=prev_state_ids,
             )
 
             return context
 
+        #
+        # first of all, figure out the state before the event
+        #
+
         if old_state:
-            # We already have the state, so we don't need to calculate it.
-            # Let's just correctly fill out the context and create a
-            # new state group for it.
-
-            prev_state_ids = {(s.type, s.state_key): s.event_id for s in old_state}
-
-            if event.is_state():
-                key = (event.type, event.state_key)
-                if key in prev_state_ids:
-                    replaces = prev_state_ids[key]
-                    if replaces != event.event_id:  # Paranoia check
-                        event.unsigned["replaces_state"] = replaces
-                current_state_ids = dict(prev_state_ids)
-                current_state_ids[key] = event.event_id
-            else:
-                current_state_ids = prev_state_ids
+            # if we're given the state before the event, then we use that
+            state_ids_before_event = {
+                (s.type, s.state_key): s.event_id for s in old_state
+            }
+            state_group_before_event = None
+            state_group_before_event_prev_group = None
+            deltas_to_state_group_before_event = None
 
-            state_group = yield self.state_store.store_state_group(
-                event.event_id,
-                event.room_id,
-                prev_group=None,
-                delta_ids=None,
-                current_state_ids=current_state_ids,
-            )
+        else:
+            # otherwise, we'll need to resolve the state across the prev_events.
+            logger.debug("calling resolve_state_groups from compute_event_context")
 
-            context = EventContext.with_state(
-                state_group=state_group,
-                current_state_ids=current_state_ids,
-                prev_state_ids=prev_state_ids,
+            entry = yield self.resolve_state_groups_for_events(
+                event.room_id, event.prev_event_ids()
             )
 
-            return context
+            state_ids_before_event = entry.state
+            state_group_before_event = entry.state_group
+            state_group_before_event_prev_group = entry.prev_group
+            deltas_to_state_group_before_event = entry.delta_ids
 
-        logger.debug("calling resolve_state_groups from compute_event_context")
+        #
+        # make sure that we have a state group at that point. If it's not a state event,
+        # that will be the state group for the new event. If it *is* a state event,
+        # it might get rejected (in which case we'll need to persist it with the
+        # previous state group)
+        #
 
-        entry = yield self.resolve_state_groups_for_events(
-            event.room_id, event.prev_event_ids()
-        )
+        if not state_group_before_event:
+            state_group_before_event = yield self.state_store.store_state_group(
+                event.event_id,
+                event.room_id,
+                prev_group=state_group_before_event_prev_group,
+                delta_ids=deltas_to_state_group_before_event,
+                current_state_ids=state_ids_before_event,
+            )
 
-        prev_state_ids = entry.state
-        prev_group = None
-        delta_ids = None
+            # XXX: can we update the state cache entry for the new state group? or
+            # could we set a flag on resolve_state_groups_for_events to tell it to
+            # always make a state group?
+
+        #
+        # now if it's not a state event, we're done
+        #
+
+        if not event.is_state():
+            return EventContext.with_state(
+                state_group_before_event=state_group_before_event,
+                state_group=state_group_before_event,
+                current_state_ids=state_ids_before_event,
+                prev_state_ids=state_ids_before_event,
+                prev_group=state_group_before_event_prev_group,
+                delta_ids=deltas_to_state_group_before_event,
+            )
 
-        if event.is_state():
-            # If this is a state event then we need to create a new state
-            # group for the state after this event.
+        #
+        # otherwise, we'll need to create a new state group for after the event
+        #
 
-            key = (event.type, event.state_key)
-            if key in prev_state_ids:
-                replaces = prev_state_ids[key]
+        key = (event.type, event.state_key)
+        if key in state_ids_before_event:
+            replaces = state_ids_before_event[key]
+            if replaces != event.event_id:
                 event.unsigned["replaces_state"] = replaces
 
-            current_state_ids = dict(prev_state_ids)
-            current_state_ids[key] = event.event_id
-
-            if entry.state_group:
-                # If the state at the event has a state group assigned then
-                # we can use that as the prev group
-                prev_group = entry.state_group
-                delta_ids = {key: event.event_id}
-            elif entry.prev_group:
-                # If the state at the event only has a prev group, then we can
-                # use that as a prev group too.
-                prev_group = entry.prev_group
-                delta_ids = dict(entry.delta_ids)
-                delta_ids[key] = event.event_id
-
-            state_group = yield self.state_store.store_state_group(
-                event.event_id,
-                event.room_id,
-                prev_group=prev_group,
-                delta_ids=delta_ids,
-                current_state_ids=current_state_ids,
-            )
-        else:
-            current_state_ids = prev_state_ids
-            prev_group = entry.prev_group
-            delta_ids = entry.delta_ids
-
-            if entry.state_group is None:
-                entry.state_group = yield self.state_store.store_state_group(
-                    event.event_id,
-                    event.room_id,
-                    prev_group=entry.prev_group,
-                    delta_ids=entry.delta_ids,
-                    current_state_ids=current_state_ids,
-                )
-                entry.state_id = entry.state_group
-
-            state_group = entry.state_group
-
-        context = EventContext.with_state(
-            state_group=state_group,
-            current_state_ids=current_state_ids,
-            prev_state_ids=prev_state_ids,
-            prev_group=prev_group,
+        state_ids_after_event = dict(state_ids_before_event)
+        state_ids_after_event[key] = event.event_id
+        delta_ids = {key: event.event_id}
+
+        state_group_after_event = yield self.state_store.store_state_group(
+            event.event_id,
+            event.room_id,
+            prev_group=state_group_before_event,
             delta_ids=delta_ids,
+            current_state_ids=state_ids_after_event,
         )
 
-        return context
+        return EventContext.with_state(
+            state_group=state_group_after_event,
+            state_group_before_event=state_group_before_event,
+            current_state_ids=state_ids_after_event,
+            prev_state_ids=state_ids_before_event,
+            prev_group=state_group_before_event,
+            delta_ids=delta_ids,
+        )
 
     @measure_func()
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/state.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/state.py
index 3132848034..9e1541988e 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/state.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/state.py
@@ -1231,7 +1231,7 @@ class StateStore(StateGroupWorkerStore, StateBackgroundUpdateStore):
             # if the event was rejected, just give it the same state as its
             # predecessor.
             if context.rejected:
-                state_groups[event.event_id] = context.prev_group
+                state_groups[event.event_id] = context.state_group_before_event
                 continue
 
             state_groups[event.event_id] = context.state_group
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_federation.py b/tests/handlers/test_federation.py
index d56220f403..b4d92cf732 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_federation.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_federation.py
@@ -12,13 +12,19 @@
 # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
+import logging
+
 from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes
 from synapse.api.errors import AuthError, Codes
+from synapse.federation.federation_base import event_from_pdu_json
+from synapse.logging.context import LoggingContext, run_in_background
 from synapse.rest import admin
 from synapse.rest.client.v1 import login, room
 
 from tests import unittest
 
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
 
 class FederationTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
     servlets = [
@@ -79,3 +85,123 @@ class FederationTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(failure.code, 403, failure)
         self.assertEqual(failure.errcode, Codes.FORBIDDEN, failure)
         self.assertEqual(failure.msg, "You are not invited to this room.")
+
+    def test_rejected_message_event_state(self):
+        """
+        Check that we store the state group correctly for rejected non-state events.
+
+        Regression test for #6289.
+        """
+        OTHER_SERVER = "otherserver"
+        OTHER_USER = "@otheruser:" + OTHER_SERVER
+
+        # create the room
+        user_id = self.register_user("kermit", "test")
+        tok = self.login("kermit", "test")
+        room_id = self.helper.create_room_as(room_creator=user_id, tok=tok)
+
+        # pretend that another server has joined
+        join_event = self._build_and_send_join_event(OTHER_SERVER, OTHER_USER, room_id)
+
+        # check the state group
+        sg = self.successResultOf(
+            self.store._get_state_group_for_event(join_event.event_id)
+        )
+
+        # build and send an event which will be rejected
+        ev = event_from_pdu_json(
+            {
+                "type": EventTypes.Message,
+                "content": {},
+                "room_id": room_id,
+                "sender": "@yetanotheruser:" + OTHER_SERVER,
+                "depth": join_event["depth"] + 1,
+                "prev_events": [join_event.event_id],
+                "auth_events": [],
+                "origin_server_ts": self.clock.time_msec(),
+            },
+            join_event.format_version,
+        )
+
+        with LoggingContext(request="send_rejected"):
+            d = run_in_background(self.handler.on_receive_pdu, OTHER_SERVER, ev)
+        self.get_success(d)
+
+        # that should have been rejected
+        e = self.get_success(self.store.get_event(ev.event_id, allow_rejected=True))
+        self.assertIsNotNone(e.rejected_reason)
+
+        # ... and the state group should be the same as before
+        sg2 = self.successResultOf(self.store._get_state_group_for_event(ev.event_id))
+
+        self.assertEqual(sg, sg2)
+
+    def test_rejected_state_event_state(self):
+        """
+        Check that we store the state group correctly for rejected state events.
+
+        Regression test for #6289.
+        """
+        OTHER_SERVER = "otherserver"
+        OTHER_USER = "@otheruser:" + OTHER_SERVER
+
+        # create the room
+        user_id = self.register_user("kermit", "test")
+        tok = self.login("kermit", "test")
+        room_id = self.helper.create_room_as(room_creator=user_id, tok=tok)
+
+        # pretend that another server has joined
+        join_event = self._build_and_send_join_event(OTHER_SERVER, OTHER_USER, room_id)
+
+        # check the state group
+        sg = self.successResultOf(
+            self.store._get_state_group_for_event(join_event.event_id)
+        )
+
+        # build and send an event which will be rejected
+        ev = event_from_pdu_json(
+            {
+                "type": "org.matrix.test",
+                "state_key": "test_key",
+                "content": {},
+                "room_id": room_id,
+                "sender": "@yetanotheruser:" + OTHER_SERVER,
+                "depth": join_event["depth"] + 1,
+                "prev_events": [join_event.event_id],
+                "auth_events": [],
+                "origin_server_ts": self.clock.time_msec(),
+            },
+            join_event.format_version,
+        )
+
+        with LoggingContext(request="send_rejected"):
+            d = run_in_background(self.handler.on_receive_pdu, OTHER_SERVER, ev)
+        self.get_success(d)
+
+        # that should have been rejected
+        e = self.get_success(self.store.get_event(ev.event_id, allow_rejected=True))
+        self.assertIsNotNone(e.rejected_reason)
+
+        # ... and the state group should be the same as before
+        sg2 = self.successResultOf(self.store._get_state_group_for_event(ev.event_id))
+
+        self.assertEqual(sg, sg2)
+
+    def _build_and_send_join_event(self, other_server, other_user, room_id):
+        join_event = self.get_success(
+            self.handler.on_make_join_request(other_server, room_id, other_user)
+        )
+        # the auth code requires that a signature exists, but doesn't check that
+        # signature... go figure.
+        join_event.signatures[other_server] = {"x": "y"}
+        with LoggingContext(request="send_join"):
+            d = run_in_background(
+                self.handler.on_send_join_request, other_server, join_event
+            )
+        self.get_success(d)
+
+        # sanity-check: the room should show that the new user is a member
+        r = self.get_success(self.store.get_current_state_ids(room_id))
+        self.assertEqual(r[(EventTypes.Member, other_user)], join_event.event_id)
+
+        return join_event
diff --git a/tests/test_state.py b/tests/test_state.py
index 38246555bd..176535947a 100644
--- a/tests/test_state.py
+++ b/tests/test_state.py
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ from synapse.api.auth import Auth
 from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes, Membership
 from synapse.api.room_versions import RoomVersions
 from synapse.events import FrozenEvent
+from synapse.events.snapshot import EventContext
 from synapse.state import StateHandler, StateResolutionHandler
 
 from tests import unittest
@@ -198,16 +199,22 @@ class StateTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
         self.store.register_events(graph.walk())
 
-        context_store = {}
+        context_store = {}  # type: dict[str, EventContext]
 
         for event in graph.walk():
             context = yield self.state.compute_event_context(event)
             self.store.register_event_context(event, context)
             context_store[event.event_id] = context
 
-        prev_state_ids = yield context_store["D"].get_prev_state_ids(self.store)
+        ctx_c = context_store["C"]
+        ctx_d = context_store["D"]
+
+        prev_state_ids = yield ctx_d.get_prev_state_ids(self.store)
         self.assertEqual(2, len(prev_state_ids))
 
+        self.assertEqual(ctx_c.state_group, ctx_d.state_group_before_event)
+        self.assertEqual(ctx_d.state_group_before_event, ctx_d.state_group)
+
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_branch_basic_conflict(self):
         graph = Graph(
@@ -241,12 +248,19 @@ class StateTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             self.store.register_event_context(event, context)
             context_store[event.event_id] = context
 
-        prev_state_ids = yield context_store["D"].get_prev_state_ids(self.store)
+        # C ends up winning the resolution between B and C
+
+        ctx_c = context_store["C"]
+        ctx_d = context_store["D"]
 
+        prev_state_ids = yield ctx_d.get_prev_state_ids(self.store)
         self.assertSetEqual(
             {"START", "A", "C"}, {e_id for e_id in prev_state_ids.values()}
         )
 
+        self.assertEqual(ctx_c.state_group, ctx_d.state_group_before_event)
+        self.assertEqual(ctx_d.state_group_before_event, ctx_d.state_group)
+
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_branch_have_banned_conflict(self):
         graph = Graph(
@@ -292,11 +306,18 @@ class StateTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             self.store.register_event_context(event, context)
             context_store[event.event_id] = context
 
-        prev_state_ids = yield context_store["E"].get_prev_state_ids(self.store)
+        # C ends up winning the resolution between C and D because bans win over other
+        # changes
+
+        ctx_c = context_store["C"]
+        ctx_e = context_store["E"]
 
+        prev_state_ids = yield ctx_e.get_prev_state_ids(self.store)
         self.assertSetEqual(
             {"START", "A", "B", "C"}, {e for e in prev_state_ids.values()}
         )
+        self.assertEqual(ctx_c.state_group, ctx_e.state_group_before_event)
+        self.assertEqual(ctx_e.state_group_before_event, ctx_e.state_group)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_branch_have_perms_conflict(self):
@@ -360,12 +381,20 @@ class StateTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             self.store.register_event_context(event, context)
             context_store[event.event_id] = context
 
-        prev_state_ids = yield context_store["D"].get_prev_state_ids(self.store)
+        # B ends up winning the resolution between B and C because power levels
+        # win over other changes.
 
+        ctx_b = context_store["B"]
+        ctx_d = context_store["D"]
+
+        prev_state_ids = yield ctx_d.get_prev_state_ids(self.store)
         self.assertSetEqual(
             {"A1", "A2", "A3", "A5", "B"}, {e for e in prev_state_ids.values()}
         )
 
+        self.assertEqual(ctx_b.state_group, ctx_d.state_group_before_event)
+        self.assertEqual(ctx_d.state_group_before_event, ctx_d.state_group)
+
     def _add_depths(self, nodes, edges):
         def _get_depth(ev):
             node = nodes[ev]
@@ -390,13 +419,16 @@ class StateTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
         context = yield self.state.compute_event_context(event, old_state=old_state)
 
-        current_state_ids = yield context.get_current_state_ids(self.store)
+        prev_state_ids = yield context.get_prev_state_ids(self.store)
+        self.assertCountEqual((e.event_id for e in old_state), prev_state_ids.values())
 
-        self.assertEqual(
-            set(e.event_id for e in old_state), set(current_state_ids.values())
+        current_state_ids = yield context.get_current_state_ids(self.store)
+        self.assertCountEqual(
+            (e.event_id for e in old_state), current_state_ids.values()
         )
 
-        self.assertIsNotNone(context.state_group)
+        self.assertIsNotNone(context.state_group_before_event)
+        self.assertEqual(context.state_group_before_event, context.state_group)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_annotate_with_old_state(self):
@@ -411,11 +443,18 @@ class StateTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         context = yield self.state.compute_event_context(event, old_state=old_state)
 
         prev_state_ids = yield context.get_prev_state_ids(self.store)
+        self.assertCountEqual((e.event_id for e in old_state), prev_state_ids.values())
 
-        self.assertEqual(
-            set(e.event_id for e in old_state), set(prev_state_ids.values())
+        current_state_ids = yield context.get_current_state_ids(self.store)
+        self.assertCountEqual(
+            (e.event_id for e in old_state + [event]), current_state_ids.values()
         )
 
+        self.assertIsNotNone(context.state_group_before_event)
+        self.assertNotEqual(context.state_group_before_event, context.state_group)
+        self.assertEqual(context.state_group_before_event, context.prev_group)
+        self.assertEqual({("state", ""): event.event_id}, context.delta_ids)
+
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_trivial_annotate_message(self):
         prev_event_id = "prev_event_id"
-- 
cgit 1.5.1


From 0d27aba900136514a8801b902f9a8ac69150e2c0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Hubert Chathi <hubert@uhoreg.ca>
Date: Wed, 27 Nov 2019 16:14:44 -0500
Subject: add etag and count to key backup endpoints (#5858)

---
 changelog.d/5858.feature                           |   1 +
 synapse/handlers/e2e_room_keys.py                  | 130 +++++++-----
 synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/room_keys.py          |   8 +-
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/e2e_room_keys.py  | 226 +++++++++++++++------
 .../main/schema/delta/56/room_key_etag.sql         |  17 ++
 tests/handlers/test_e2e_room_keys.py               |  31 +++
 tests/storage/test_e2e_room_keys.py                |   8 +-
 7 files changed, 297 insertions(+), 124 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 changelog.d/5858.feature
 create mode 100644 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/56/room_key_etag.sql

(limited to 'tests/handlers')

diff --git a/changelog.d/5858.feature b/changelog.d/5858.feature
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..55ee93051e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/5858.feature
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Add etag and count fields to key backup endpoints to help clients guess if there are new keys.
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/e2e_room_keys.py b/synapse/handlers/e2e_room_keys.py
index 0cea445f0d..f1b4424a02 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/e2e_room_keys.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/e2e_room_keys.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2017, 2018 New Vector Ltd
+# Copyright 2019 Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -103,14 +104,35 @@ class E2eRoomKeysHandler(object):
                 rooms
             session_id(string): session ID to delete keys for, for None to delete keys
                 for all sessions
+        Raises:
+            NotFoundError: if the backup version does not exist
         Returns:
-            A deferred of the deletion transaction
+            A dict containing the count and etag for the backup version
         """
 
         # lock for consistency with uploading
         with (yield self._upload_linearizer.queue(user_id)):
+            # make sure the backup version exists
+            try:
+                version_info = yield self.store.get_e2e_room_keys_version_info(
+                    user_id, version
+                )
+            except StoreError as e:
+                if e.code == 404:
+                    raise NotFoundError("Unknown backup version")
+                else:
+                    raise
+
             yield self.store.delete_e2e_room_keys(user_id, version, room_id, session_id)
 
+            version_etag = version_info["etag"] + 1
+            yield self.store.update_e2e_room_keys_version(
+                user_id, version, None, version_etag
+            )
+
+            count = yield self.store.count_e2e_room_keys(user_id, version)
+            return {"etag": str(version_etag), "count": count}
+
     @trace
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def upload_room_keys(self, user_id, version, room_keys):
@@ -138,6 +160,9 @@ class E2eRoomKeysHandler(object):
             }
         }
 
+        Returns:
+            A dict containing the count and etag for the backup version
+
         Raises:
             NotFoundError: if there are no versions defined
             RoomKeysVersionError: if the uploaded version is not the current version
@@ -171,59 +196,62 @@ class E2eRoomKeysHandler(object):
                     else:
                         raise
 
-            # go through the room_keys.
-            # XXX: this should/could be done concurrently, given we're in a lock.
+            # Fetch any existing room keys for the sessions that have been
+            # submitted.  Then compare them with the submitted keys.  If the
+            # key is new, insert it; if the key should be updated, then update
+            # it; otherwise, drop it.
+            existing_keys = yield self.store.get_e2e_room_keys_multi(
+                user_id, version, room_keys["rooms"]
+            )
+            to_insert = []  # batch the inserts together
+            changed = False  # if anything has changed, we need to update the etag
             for room_id, room in iteritems(room_keys["rooms"]):
-                for session_id, session in iteritems(room["sessions"]):
-                    yield self._upload_room_key(
-                        user_id, version, room_id, session_id, session
+                for session_id, room_key in iteritems(room["sessions"]):
+                    log_kv(
+                        {
+                            "message": "Trying to upload room key",
+                            "room_id": room_id,
+                            "session_id": session_id,
+                            "user_id": user_id,
+                        }
                     )
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _upload_room_key(self, user_id, version, room_id, session_id, room_key):
-        """Upload a given room_key for a given room and session into a given
-        version of the backup.  Merges the key with any which might already exist.
-
-        Args:
-            user_id(str): the user whose backup we're setting
-            version(str): the version ID of the backup we're updating
-            room_id(str): the ID of the room whose keys we're setting
-            session_id(str): the session whose room_key we're setting
-            room_key(dict): the room_key being set
-        """
-        log_kv(
-            {
-                "message": "Trying to upload room key",
-                "room_id": room_id,
-                "session_id": session_id,
-                "user_id": user_id,
-            }
-        )
-        # get the room_key for this particular row
-        current_room_key = None
-        try:
-            current_room_key = yield self.store.get_e2e_room_key(
-                user_id, version, room_id, session_id
-            )
-        except StoreError as e:
-            if e.code == 404:
-                log_kv(
-                    {
-                        "message": "Room key not found.",
-                        "room_id": room_id,
-                        "user_id": user_id,
-                    }
+                    current_room_key = existing_keys.get(room_id, {}).get(session_id)
+                    if current_room_key:
+                        if self._should_replace_room_key(current_room_key, room_key):
+                            log_kv({"message": "Replacing room key."})
+                            # updates are done one at a time in the DB, so send
+                            # updates right away rather than batching them up,
+                            # like we do with the inserts
+                            yield self.store.update_e2e_room_key(
+                                user_id, version, room_id, session_id, room_key
+                            )
+                            changed = True
+                        else:
+                            log_kv({"message": "Not replacing room_key."})
+                    else:
+                        log_kv(
+                            {
+                                "message": "Room key not found.",
+                                "room_id": room_id,
+                                "user_id": user_id,
+                            }
+                        )
+                        log_kv({"message": "Replacing room key."})
+                        to_insert.append((room_id, session_id, room_key))
+                        changed = True
+
+            if len(to_insert):
+                yield self.store.add_e2e_room_keys(user_id, version, to_insert)
+
+            version_etag = version_info["etag"]
+            if changed:
+                version_etag = version_etag + 1
+                yield self.store.update_e2e_room_keys_version(
+                    user_id, version, None, version_etag
                 )
-            else:
-                raise
 
-        if self._should_replace_room_key(current_room_key, room_key):
-            log_kv({"message": "Replacing room key."})
-            yield self.store.set_e2e_room_key(
-                user_id, version, room_id, session_id, room_key
-            )
-        else:
-            log_kv({"message": "Not replacing room_key."})
+            count = yield self.store.count_e2e_room_keys(user_id, version)
+            return {"etag": str(version_etag), "count": count}
 
     @staticmethod
     def _should_replace_room_key(current_room_key, room_key):
@@ -314,6 +342,8 @@ class E2eRoomKeysHandler(object):
                     raise NotFoundError("Unknown backup version")
                 else:
                     raise
+
+            res["count"] = yield self.store.count_e2e_room_keys(user_id, res["version"])
             return res
 
     @trace
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/room_keys.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/room_keys.py
index d596786430..d83ac8e3c5 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/room_keys.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/room_keys.py
@@ -134,8 +134,8 @@ class RoomKeysServlet(RestServlet):
         if room_id:
             body = {"rooms": {room_id: body}}
 
-        yield self.e2e_room_keys_handler.upload_room_keys(user_id, version, body)
-        return 200, {}
+        ret = yield self.e2e_room_keys_handler.upload_room_keys(user_id, version, body)
+        return 200, ret
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_GET(self, request, room_id, session_id):
@@ -239,10 +239,10 @@ class RoomKeysServlet(RestServlet):
         user_id = requester.user.to_string()
         version = parse_string(request, "version")
 
-        yield self.e2e_room_keys_handler.delete_room_keys(
+        ret = yield self.e2e_room_keys_handler.delete_room_keys(
             user_id, version, room_id, session_id
         )
-        return 200, {}
+        return 200, ret
 
 
 class RoomKeysNewVersionServlet(RestServlet):
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/e2e_room_keys.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/e2e_room_keys.py
index 1cbbae5b63..113224fd7c 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/e2e_room_keys.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/e2e_room_keys.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2017 New Vector Ltd
+# Copyright 2019 Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -24,49 +25,8 @@ from synapse.storage._base import SQLBaseStore
 
 class EndToEndRoomKeyStore(SQLBaseStore):
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_e2e_room_key(self, user_id, version, room_id, session_id):
-        """Get the encrypted E2E room key for a given session from a given
-        backup version of room_keys.  We only store the 'best' room key for a given
-        session at a given time, as determined by the handler.
-
-        Args:
-            user_id(str): the user whose backup we're querying
-            version(str): the version ID of the backup for the set of keys we're querying
-            room_id(str): the ID of the room whose keys we're querying.
-                This is a bit redundant as it's implied by the session_id, but
-                we include for consistency with the rest of the API.
-            session_id(str): the session whose room_key we're querying.
-
-        Returns:
-            A deferred dict giving the session_data and message metadata for
-            this room key.
-        """
-
-        row = yield self._simple_select_one(
-            table="e2e_room_keys",
-            keyvalues={
-                "user_id": user_id,
-                "version": version,
-                "room_id": room_id,
-                "session_id": session_id,
-            },
-            retcols=(
-                "first_message_index",
-                "forwarded_count",
-                "is_verified",
-                "session_data",
-            ),
-            desc="get_e2e_room_key",
-        )
-
-        row["session_data"] = json.loads(row["session_data"])
-
-        return row
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def set_e2e_room_key(self, user_id, version, room_id, session_id, room_key):
-        """Replaces or inserts the encrypted E2E room key for a given session in
-        a given backup
+    def update_e2e_room_key(self, user_id, version, room_id, session_id, room_key):
+        """Replaces the encrypted E2E room key for a given session in a given backup
 
         Args:
             user_id(str): the user whose backup we're setting
@@ -78,7 +38,7 @@ class EndToEndRoomKeyStore(SQLBaseStore):
             StoreError
         """
 
-        yield self._simple_upsert(
+        yield self._simple_update_one(
             table="e2e_room_keys",
             keyvalues={
                 "user_id": user_id,
@@ -86,21 +46,51 @@ class EndToEndRoomKeyStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 "room_id": room_id,
                 "session_id": session_id,
             },
-            values={
+            updatevalues={
                 "first_message_index": room_key["first_message_index"],
                 "forwarded_count": room_key["forwarded_count"],
                 "is_verified": room_key["is_verified"],
                 "session_data": json.dumps(room_key["session_data"]),
             },
-            lock=False,
+            desc="update_e2e_room_key",
         )
-        log_kv(
-            {
-                "message": "Set room key",
-                "room_id": room_id,
-                "session_id": session_id,
-                "room_key": room_key,
-            }
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def add_e2e_room_keys(self, user_id, version, room_keys):
+        """Bulk add room keys to a given backup.
+
+        Args:
+            user_id (str): the user whose backup we're adding to
+            version (str): the version ID of the backup for the set of keys we're adding to
+            room_keys (iterable[(str, str, dict)]): the keys to add, in the form
+                (roomID, sessionID, keyData)
+        """
+
+        values = []
+        for (room_id, session_id, room_key) in room_keys:
+            values.append(
+                {
+                    "user_id": user_id,
+                    "version": version,
+                    "room_id": room_id,
+                    "session_id": session_id,
+                    "first_message_index": room_key["first_message_index"],
+                    "forwarded_count": room_key["forwarded_count"],
+                    "is_verified": room_key["is_verified"],
+                    "session_data": json.dumps(room_key["session_data"]),
+                }
+            )
+            log_kv(
+                {
+                    "message": "Set room key",
+                    "room_id": room_id,
+                    "session_id": session_id,
+                    "room_key": room_key,
+                }
+            )
+
+        yield self._simple_insert_many(
+            table="e2e_room_keys", values=values, desc="add_e2e_room_keys"
         )
 
     @trace
@@ -110,11 +100,11 @@ class EndToEndRoomKeyStore(SQLBaseStore):
         room, or a given session.
 
         Args:
-            user_id(str): the user whose backup we're querying
-            version(str): the version ID of the backup for the set of keys we're querying
-            room_id(str): Optional. the ID of the room whose keys we're querying, if any.
+            user_id (str): the user whose backup we're querying
+            version (str): the version ID of the backup for the set of keys we're querying
+            room_id (str): Optional. the ID of the room whose keys we're querying, if any.
                 If not specified, we return the keys for all the rooms in the backup.
-            session_id(str): Optional. the session whose room_key we're querying, if any.
+            session_id (str): Optional. the session whose room_key we're querying, if any.
                 If specified, we also require the room_id to be specified.
                 If not specified, we return all the keys in this version of
                 the backup (or for the specified room)
@@ -162,6 +152,95 @@ class EndToEndRoomKeyStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
         return sessions
 
+    def get_e2e_room_keys_multi(self, user_id, version, room_keys):
+        """Get multiple room keys at a time.  The difference between this function and
+        get_e2e_room_keys is that this function can be used to retrieve
+        multiple specific keys at a time, whereas get_e2e_room_keys is used for
+        getting all the keys in a backup version, all the keys for a room, or a
+        specific key.
+
+        Args:
+            user_id (str): the user whose backup we're querying
+            version (str): the version ID of the backup we're querying about
+            room_keys (dict[str, dict[str, iterable[str]]]): a map from
+                room ID -> {"session": [session ids]} indicating the session IDs
+                that we want to query
+
+        Returns:
+           Deferred[dict[str, dict[str, dict]]]: a map of room IDs to session IDs to room key
+        """
+
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            "get_e2e_room_keys_multi",
+            self._get_e2e_room_keys_multi_txn,
+            user_id,
+            version,
+            room_keys,
+        )
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _get_e2e_room_keys_multi_txn(txn, user_id, version, room_keys):
+        if not room_keys:
+            return {}
+
+        where_clauses = []
+        params = [user_id, version]
+        for room_id, room in room_keys.items():
+            sessions = list(room["sessions"])
+            if not sessions:
+                continue
+            params.append(room_id)
+            params.extend(sessions)
+            where_clauses.append(
+                "(room_id = ? AND session_id IN (%s))"
+                % (",".join(["?" for _ in sessions]),)
+            )
+
+        # check if we're actually querying something
+        if not where_clauses:
+            return {}
+
+        sql = """
+        SELECT room_id, session_id, first_message_index, forwarded_count,
+               is_verified, session_data
+        FROM e2e_room_keys
+        WHERE user_id = ? AND version = ? AND (%s)
+        """ % (
+            " OR ".join(where_clauses)
+        )
+
+        txn.execute(sql, params)
+
+        ret = {}
+
+        for row in txn:
+            room_id = row[0]
+            session_id = row[1]
+            ret.setdefault(room_id, {})
+            ret[room_id][session_id] = {
+                "first_message_index": row[2],
+                "forwarded_count": row[3],
+                "is_verified": row[4],
+                "session_data": json.loads(row[5]),
+            }
+
+        return ret
+
+    def count_e2e_room_keys(self, user_id, version):
+        """Get the number of keys in a backup version.
+
+        Args:
+            user_id (str): the user whose backup we're querying
+            version (str): the version ID of the backup we're querying about
+        """
+
+        return self._simple_select_one_onecol(
+            table="e2e_room_keys",
+            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "version": version},
+            retcol="COUNT(*)",
+            desc="count_e2e_room_keys",
+        )
+
     @trace
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def delete_e2e_room_keys(self, user_id, version, room_id=None, session_id=None):
@@ -219,6 +298,7 @@ class EndToEndRoomKeyStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 version(str)
                 algorithm(str)
                 auth_data(object): opaque dict supplied by the client
+                etag(int): tag of the keys in the backup
         """
 
         def _get_e2e_room_keys_version_info_txn(txn):
@@ -236,10 +316,12 @@ class EndToEndRoomKeyStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 txn,
                 table="e2e_room_keys_versions",
                 keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "version": this_version, "deleted": 0},
-                retcols=("version", "algorithm", "auth_data"),
+                retcols=("version", "algorithm", "auth_data", "etag"),
             )
             result["auth_data"] = json.loads(result["auth_data"])
             result["version"] = str(result["version"])
+            if result["etag"] is None:
+                result["etag"] = 0
             return result
 
         return self.runInteraction(
@@ -288,21 +370,33 @@ class EndToEndRoomKeyStore(SQLBaseStore):
         )
 
     @trace
-    def update_e2e_room_keys_version(self, user_id, version, info):
+    def update_e2e_room_keys_version(
+        self, user_id, version, info=None, version_etag=None
+    ):
         """Update a given backup version
 
         Args:
             user_id(str): the user whose backup version we're updating
             version(str): the version ID of the backup version we're updating
-            info(dict): the new backup version info to store
+            info (dict): the new backup version info to store.  If None, then
+                the backup version info is not updated
+            version_etag (Optional[int]): etag of the keys in the backup.  If
+                None, then the etag is not updated
         """
+        updatevalues = {}
 
-        return self._simple_update(
-            table="e2e_room_keys_versions",
-            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "version": version},
-            updatevalues={"auth_data": json.dumps(info["auth_data"])},
-            desc="update_e2e_room_keys_version",
-        )
+        if info is not None and "auth_data" in info:
+            updatevalues["auth_data"] = json.dumps(info["auth_data"])
+        if version_etag is not None:
+            updatevalues["etag"] = version_etag
+
+        if updatevalues:
+            return self._simple_update(
+                table="e2e_room_keys_versions",
+                keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "version": version},
+                updatevalues=updatevalues,
+                desc="update_e2e_room_keys_version",
+            )
 
     @trace
     def delete_e2e_room_keys_version(self, user_id, version=None):
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/56/room_key_etag.sql b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/56/room_key_etag.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7d70dd071e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/56/room_key_etag.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+/* Copyright 2019 Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+-- store the current etag of backup version
+ALTER TABLE e2e_room_keys_versions ADD COLUMN etag BIGINT;
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_e2e_room_keys.py b/tests/handlers/test_e2e_room_keys.py
index 0bb96674a2..70f172eb02 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_e2e_room_keys.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_e2e_room_keys.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2017 New Vector Ltd
+# Copyright 2019 Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -94,23 +95,29 @@ class E2eRoomKeysHandlerTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
         # check we can retrieve it as the current version
         res = yield self.handler.get_version_info(self.local_user)
+        version_etag = res["etag"]
+        del res["etag"]
         self.assertDictEqual(
             res,
             {
                 "version": "1",
                 "algorithm": "m.megolm_backup.v1",
                 "auth_data": "first_version_auth_data",
+                "count": 0,
             },
         )
 
         # check we can retrieve it as a specific version
         res = yield self.handler.get_version_info(self.local_user, "1")
+        self.assertEqual(res["etag"], version_etag)
+        del res["etag"]
         self.assertDictEqual(
             res,
             {
                 "version": "1",
                 "algorithm": "m.megolm_backup.v1",
                 "auth_data": "first_version_auth_data",
+                "count": 0,
             },
         )
 
@@ -126,12 +133,14 @@ class E2eRoomKeysHandlerTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
         # check we can retrieve it as the current version
         res = yield self.handler.get_version_info(self.local_user)
+        del res["etag"]
         self.assertDictEqual(
             res,
             {
                 "version": "2",
                 "algorithm": "m.megolm_backup.v1",
                 "auth_data": "second_version_auth_data",
+                "count": 0,
             },
         )
 
@@ -158,12 +167,14 @@ class E2eRoomKeysHandlerTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
         # check we can retrieve it as the current version
         res = yield self.handler.get_version_info(self.local_user)
+        del res["etag"]
         self.assertDictEqual(
             res,
             {
                 "algorithm": "m.megolm_backup.v1",
                 "auth_data": "revised_first_version_auth_data",
                 "version": version,
+                "count": 0,
             },
         )
 
@@ -207,12 +218,14 @@ class E2eRoomKeysHandlerTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
         # check we can retrieve it as the current version
         res = yield self.handler.get_version_info(self.local_user)
+        del res["etag"]  # etag is opaque, so don't test its contents
         self.assertDictEqual(
             res,
             {
                 "algorithm": "m.megolm_backup.v1",
                 "auth_data": "revised_first_version_auth_data",
                 "version": version,
+                "count": 0,
             },
         )
 
@@ -409,6 +422,11 @@ class E2eRoomKeysHandlerTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
         yield self.handler.upload_room_keys(self.local_user, version, room_keys)
 
+        # get the etag to compare to future versions
+        res = yield self.handler.get_version_info(self.local_user)
+        backup_etag = res["etag"]
+        self.assertEqual(res["count"], 1)
+
         new_room_keys = copy.deepcopy(room_keys)
         new_room_key = new_room_keys["rooms"]["!abc:matrix.org"]["sessions"]["c0ff33"]
 
@@ -423,6 +441,10 @@ class E2eRoomKeysHandlerTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             "SSBBTSBBIEZJU0gK",
         )
 
+        # the etag should be the same since the session did not change
+        res = yield self.handler.get_version_info(self.local_user)
+        self.assertEqual(res["etag"], backup_etag)
+
         # test that marking the session as verified however /does/ replace it
         new_room_key["is_verified"] = True
         yield self.handler.upload_room_keys(self.local_user, version, new_room_keys)
@@ -432,6 +454,11 @@ class E2eRoomKeysHandlerTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             res["rooms"]["!abc:matrix.org"]["sessions"]["c0ff33"]["session_data"], "new"
         )
 
+        # the etag should NOT be equal now, since the key changed
+        res = yield self.handler.get_version_info(self.local_user)
+        self.assertNotEqual(res["etag"], backup_etag)
+        backup_etag = res["etag"]
+
         # test that a session with a higher forwarded_count doesn't replace one
         # with a lower forwarding count
         new_room_key["forwarded_count"] = 2
@@ -443,6 +470,10 @@ class E2eRoomKeysHandlerTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             res["rooms"]["!abc:matrix.org"]["sessions"]["c0ff33"]["session_data"], "new"
         )
 
+        # the etag should be the same since the session did not change
+        res = yield self.handler.get_version_info(self.local_user)
+        self.assertEqual(res["etag"], backup_etag)
+
         # TODO: check edge cases as well as the common variations here
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_e2e_room_keys.py b/tests/storage/test_e2e_room_keys.py
index d128fde441..35dafbb904 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_e2e_room_keys.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_e2e_room_keys.py
@@ -39,8 +39,8 @@ class E2eRoomKeysHandlerTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         )
 
         self.get_success(
-            self.store.set_e2e_room_key(
-                "user_id", version1, "room", "session", room_key
+            self.store.add_e2e_room_keys(
+                "user_id", version1, [("room", "session", room_key)]
             )
         )
 
@@ -51,8 +51,8 @@ class E2eRoomKeysHandlerTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         )
 
         self.get_success(
-            self.store.set_e2e_room_key(
-                "user_id", version2, "room", "session", room_key
+            self.store.add_e2e_room_keys(
+                "user_id", version2, [("room", "session", room_key)]
             )
         )
 
-- 
cgit 1.5.1


From 0f87b912aba7e678041632bc9a6d1f7c2d24342c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Amber Brown <hawkowl@atleastfornow.net>
Date: Thu, 28 Nov 2019 08:54:07 +1100
Subject: Implementation of MSC2314 (#6176)

---
 changelog.d/6176.feature                   |  1 +
 synapse/federation/federation_server.py    | 26 ++++++++----
 synapse/federation/transport/server.py     |  6 +--
 sytest-blacklist                           |  6 ++-
 tests/federation/test_complexity.py        | 28 ++----------
 tests/federation/test_federation_sender.py |  4 +-
 tests/federation/test_federation_server.py | 63 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 tests/handlers/test_typing.py              |  3 ++
 tests/replication/slave/storage/_base.py   |  3 ++
 tests/replication/tcp/streams/_base.py     |  4 ++
 tests/storage/test_roommember.py           | 26 +-----------
 tests/unittest.py                          | 68 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 tests/utils.py                             |  1 +
 13 files changed, 174 insertions(+), 65 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 changelog.d/6176.feature

(limited to 'tests/handlers')

diff --git a/changelog.d/6176.feature b/changelog.d/6176.feature
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3c66d689d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/6176.feature
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Implement the `/_matrix/federation/unstable/net.atleastfornow/state/<context>` API as drafted in MSC2314.
diff --git a/synapse/federation/federation_server.py b/synapse/federation/federation_server.py
index d942d77a72..84d4eca041 100644
--- a/synapse/federation/federation_server.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/federation_server.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
+# Copyright 2019 Matrix.org Federation C.I.C
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -73,6 +74,7 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
 
         self.auth = hs.get_auth()
         self.handler = hs.get_handlers().federation_handler
+        self.state = hs.get_state_handler()
 
         self._server_linearizer = Linearizer("fed_server")
         self._transaction_linearizer = Linearizer("fed_txn_handler")
@@ -264,9 +266,6 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
         await self.registry.on_edu(edu_type, origin, content)
 
     async def on_context_state_request(self, origin, room_id, event_id):
-        if not event_id:
-            raise NotImplementedError("Specify an event")
-
         origin_host, _ = parse_server_name(origin)
         await self.check_server_matches_acl(origin_host, room_id)
 
@@ -280,13 +279,18 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
         # - but that's non-trivial to get right, and anyway somewhat defeats
         # the point of the linearizer.
         with (await self._server_linearizer.queue((origin, room_id))):
-            resp = await self._state_resp_cache.wrap(
-                (room_id, event_id),
-                self._on_context_state_request_compute,
-                room_id,
-                event_id,
+            resp = dict(
+                await self._state_resp_cache.wrap(
+                    (room_id, event_id),
+                    self._on_context_state_request_compute,
+                    room_id,
+                    event_id,
+                )
             )
 
+        room_version = await self.store.get_room_version(room_id)
+        resp["room_version"] = room_version
+
         return 200, resp
 
     async def on_state_ids_request(self, origin, room_id, event_id):
@@ -306,7 +310,11 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
         return 200, {"pdu_ids": state_ids, "auth_chain_ids": auth_chain_ids}
 
     async def _on_context_state_request_compute(self, room_id, event_id):
-        pdus = await self.handler.get_state_for_pdu(room_id, event_id)
+        if event_id:
+            pdus = await self.handler.get_state_for_pdu(room_id, event_id)
+        else:
+            pdus = (await self.state.get_current_state(room_id)).values()
+
         auth_chain = await self.store.get_auth_chain([pdu.event_id for pdu in pdus])
 
         return {
diff --git a/synapse/federation/transport/server.py b/synapse/federation/transport/server.py
index 09baa9c57d..fefc789c85 100644
--- a/synapse/federation/transport/server.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/transport/server.py
@@ -421,7 +421,7 @@ class FederationEventServlet(BaseFederationServlet):
         return await self.handler.on_pdu_request(origin, event_id)
 
 
-class FederationStateServlet(BaseFederationServlet):
+class FederationStateV1Servlet(BaseFederationServlet):
     PATH = "/state/(?P<context>[^/]*)/?"
 
     # This is when someone asks for all data for a given context.
@@ -429,7 +429,7 @@ class FederationStateServlet(BaseFederationServlet):
         return await self.handler.on_context_state_request(
             origin,
             context,
-            parse_string_from_args(query, "event_id", None, required=True),
+            parse_string_from_args(query, "event_id", None, required=False),
         )
 
 
@@ -1360,7 +1360,7 @@ class RoomComplexityServlet(BaseFederationServlet):
 FEDERATION_SERVLET_CLASSES = (
     FederationSendServlet,
     FederationEventServlet,
-    FederationStateServlet,
+    FederationStateV1Servlet,
     FederationStateIdsServlet,
     FederationBackfillServlet,
     FederationQueryServlet,
diff --git a/sytest-blacklist b/sytest-blacklist
index 11785fd43f..411cce0692 100644
--- a/sytest-blacklist
+++ b/sytest-blacklist
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # This file serves as a blacklist for SyTest tests that we expect will fail in
 # Synapse.
-# 
+#
 # Each line of this file is scanned by sytest during a run and if the line
 # exactly matches the name of a test, it will be marked as "expected fail",
 # meaning the test will still run, but failure will not mark the entire test
@@ -29,3 +29,7 @@ Enabling an unknown default rule fails with 404
 
 # Blacklisted due to https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/1663
 New federated private chats get full presence information (SYN-115)
+
+# Blacklisted due to https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-doc/pull/2314 removing
+# this requirement from the spec
+Inbound federation of state requires event_id as a mandatory paramater
diff --git a/tests/federation/test_complexity.py b/tests/federation/test_complexity.py
index 51714a2b06..24fa8dbb45 100644
--- a/tests/federation/test_complexity.py
+++ b/tests/federation/test_complexity.py
@@ -18,17 +18,14 @@ from mock import Mock
 from twisted.internet import defer
 
 from synapse.api.errors import Codes, SynapseError
-from synapse.config.ratelimiting import FederationRateLimitConfig
-from synapse.federation.transport import server
 from synapse.rest import admin
 from synapse.rest.client.v1 import login, room
 from synapse.types import UserID
-from synapse.util.ratelimitutils import FederationRateLimiter
 
 from tests import unittest
 
 
-class RoomComplexityTests(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
+class RoomComplexityTests(unittest.FederatingHomeserverTestCase):
 
     servlets = [
         admin.register_servlets,
@@ -41,25 +38,6 @@ class RoomComplexityTests(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         config["limit_remote_rooms"] = {"enabled": True, "complexity": 0.05}
         return config
 
-    def prepare(self, reactor, clock, homeserver):
-        class Authenticator(object):
-            def authenticate_request(self, request, content):
-                return defer.succeed("otherserver.nottld")
-
-        ratelimiter = FederationRateLimiter(
-            clock,
-            FederationRateLimitConfig(
-                window_size=1,
-                sleep_limit=1,
-                sleep_msec=1,
-                reject_limit=1000,
-                concurrent_requests=1000,
-            ),
-        )
-        server.register_servlets(
-            homeserver, self.resource, Authenticator(), ratelimiter
-        )
-
     def test_complexity_simple(self):
 
         u1 = self.register_user("u1", "pass")
@@ -105,7 +83,7 @@ class RoomComplexityTests(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
         d = handler._remote_join(
             None,
-            ["otherserver.example"],
+            ["other.example.com"],
             "roomid",
             UserID.from_string(u1),
             {"membership": "join"},
@@ -146,7 +124,7 @@ class RoomComplexityTests(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
         d = handler._remote_join(
             None,
-            ["otherserver.example"],
+            ["other.example.com"],
             room_1,
             UserID.from_string(u1),
             {"membership": "join"},
diff --git a/tests/federation/test_federation_sender.py b/tests/federation/test_federation_sender.py
index cce8d8c6de..d456267b87 100644
--- a/tests/federation/test_federation_sender.py
+++ b/tests/federation/test_federation_sender.py
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ from twisted.internet import defer
 
 from synapse.types import ReadReceipt
 
-from tests.unittest import HomeserverTestCase
+from tests.unittest import HomeserverTestCase, override_config
 
 
 class FederationSenderTestCases(HomeserverTestCase):
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ class FederationSenderTestCases(HomeserverTestCase):
             federation_transport_client=Mock(spec=["send_transaction"]),
         )
 
+    @override_config({"send_federation": True})
     def test_send_receipts(self):
         mock_state_handler = self.hs.get_state_handler()
         mock_state_handler.get_current_hosts_in_room.return_value = ["test", "host2"]
@@ -69,6 +70,7 @@ class FederationSenderTestCases(HomeserverTestCase):
             ],
         )
 
+    @override_config({"send_federation": True})
     def test_send_receipts_with_backoff(self):
         """Send two receipts in quick succession; the second should be flushed, but
         only after 20ms"""
diff --git a/tests/federation/test_federation_server.py b/tests/federation/test_federation_server.py
index b08be451aa..1ec8c40901 100644
--- a/tests/federation/test_federation_server.py
+++ b/tests/federation/test_federation_server.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
+# Copyright 2019 Matrix.org Federation C.I.C
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -16,6 +17,8 @@ import logging
 
 from synapse.events import FrozenEvent
 from synapse.federation.federation_server import server_matches_acl_event
+from synapse.rest import admin
+from synapse.rest.client.v1 import login, room
 
 from tests import unittest
 
@@ -41,6 +44,66 @@ class ServerACLsTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertTrue(server_matches_acl_event("1:2:3:4", e))
 
 
+class StateQueryTests(unittest.FederatingHomeserverTestCase):
+
+    servlets = [
+        admin.register_servlets,
+        room.register_servlets,
+        login.register_servlets,
+    ]
+
+    def test_without_event_id(self):
+        """
+        Querying v1/state/<room_id> without an event ID will return the current
+        known state.
+        """
+        u1 = self.register_user("u1", "pass")
+        u1_token = self.login("u1", "pass")
+
+        room_1 = self.helper.create_room_as(u1, tok=u1_token)
+        self.inject_room_member(room_1, "@user:other.example.com", "join")
+
+        request, channel = self.make_request(
+            "GET", "/_matrix/federation/v1/state/%s" % (room_1,)
+        )
+        self.render(request)
+        self.assertEquals(200, channel.code, channel.result)
+
+        self.assertEqual(
+            channel.json_body["room_version"],
+            self.hs.config.default_room_version.identifier,
+        )
+
+        members = set(
+            map(
+                lambda x: x["state_key"],
+                filter(
+                    lambda x: x["type"] == "m.room.member", channel.json_body["pdus"]
+                ),
+            )
+        )
+
+        self.assertEqual(members, set(["@user:other.example.com", u1]))
+        self.assertEqual(len(channel.json_body["pdus"]), 6)
+
+    def test_needs_to_be_in_room(self):
+        """
+        Querying v1/state/<room_id> requires the server
+        be in the room to provide data.
+        """
+        u1 = self.register_user("u1", "pass")
+        u1_token = self.login("u1", "pass")
+
+        room_1 = self.helper.create_room_as(u1, tok=u1_token)
+
+        request, channel = self.make_request(
+            "GET", "/_matrix/federation/v1/state/%s" % (room_1,)
+        )
+        self.render(request)
+        self.assertEquals(403, channel.code, channel.result)
+        self.assertEqual(channel.json_body["errcode"], "M_FORBIDDEN")
+
+
 def _create_acl_event(content):
     return FrozenEvent(
         {
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_typing.py b/tests/handlers/test_typing.py
index 5ec568f4e6..f6d8660285 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_typing.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_typing.py
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ from synapse.api.errors import AuthError
 from synapse.types import UserID
 
 from tests import unittest
+from tests.unittest import override_config
 from tests.utils import register_federation_servlets
 
 # Some local users to test with
@@ -174,6 +175,7 @@ class TypingNotificationsTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
             ],
         )
 
+    @override_config({"send_federation": True})
     def test_started_typing_remote_send(self):
         self.room_members = [U_APPLE, U_ONION]
 
@@ -237,6 +239,7 @@ class TypingNotificationsTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
             ],
         )
 
+    @override_config({"send_federation": True})
     def test_stopped_typing(self):
         self.room_members = [U_APPLE, U_BANANA, U_ONION]
 
diff --git a/tests/replication/slave/storage/_base.py b/tests/replication/slave/storage/_base.py
index 4f924ce451..e7472e3a93 100644
--- a/tests/replication/slave/storage/_base.py
+++ b/tests/replication/slave/storage/_base.py
@@ -48,7 +48,10 @@ class BaseSlavedStoreTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         server_factory = ReplicationStreamProtocolFactory(self.hs)
         self.streamer = server_factory.streamer
 
+        handler_factory = Mock()
         self.replication_handler = ReplicationClientHandler(self.slaved_store)
+        self.replication_handler.factory = handler_factory
+
         client_factory = ReplicationClientFactory(
             self.hs, "client_name", self.replication_handler
         )
diff --git a/tests/replication/tcp/streams/_base.py b/tests/replication/tcp/streams/_base.py
index ce3835ae6a..1d14e77255 100644
--- a/tests/replication/tcp/streams/_base.py
+++ b/tests/replication/tcp/streams/_base.py
@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@
 # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
+from mock import Mock
+
 from synapse.replication.tcp.commands import ReplicateCommand
 from synapse.replication.tcp.protocol import ClientReplicationStreamProtocol
 from synapse.replication.tcp.resource import ReplicationStreamProtocolFactory
@@ -30,7 +32,9 @@ class BaseStreamTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         server = server_factory.buildProtocol(None)
 
         # build a replication client, with a dummy handler
+        handler_factory = Mock()
         self.test_handler = TestReplicationClientHandler()
+        self.test_handler.factory = handler_factory
         self.client = ClientReplicationStreamProtocol(
             "client", "test", clock, self.test_handler
         )
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_roommember.py b/tests/storage/test_roommember.py
index 9ddd17f73d..105a0c2b02 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_roommember.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_roommember.py
@@ -16,8 +16,7 @@
 
 from unittest.mock import Mock
 
-from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes, Membership
-from synapse.api.room_versions import RoomVersions
+from synapse.api.constants import Membership
 from synapse.rest.admin import register_servlets_for_client_rest_resource
 from synapse.rest.client.v1 import login, room
 from synapse.types import Requester, UserID
@@ -44,9 +43,6 @@ class RoomMemberStoreTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         # We can't test the RoomMemberStore on its own without the other event
         # storage logic
         self.store = hs.get_datastore()
-        self.storage = hs.get_storage()
-        self.event_builder_factory = hs.get_event_builder_factory()
-        self.event_creation_handler = hs.get_event_creation_handler()
 
         self.u_alice = self.register_user("alice", "pass")
         self.t_alice = self.login("alice", "pass")
@@ -55,26 +51,6 @@ class RoomMemberStoreTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         # User elsewhere on another host
         self.u_charlie = UserID.from_string("@charlie:elsewhere")
 
-    def inject_room_member(self, room, user, membership, replaces_state=None):
-        builder = self.event_builder_factory.for_room_version(
-            RoomVersions.V1,
-            {
-                "type": EventTypes.Member,
-                "sender": user,
-                "state_key": user,
-                "room_id": room,
-                "content": {"membership": membership},
-            },
-        )
-
-        event, context = self.get_success(
-            self.event_creation_handler.create_new_client_event(builder)
-        )
-
-        self.get_success(self.storage.persistence.persist_event(event, context))
-
-        return event
-
     def test_one_member(self):
 
         # Alice creates the room, and is automatically joined
diff --git a/tests/unittest.py b/tests/unittest.py
index 561cebc223..31997a0f31 100644
--- a/tests/unittest.py
+++ b/tests/unittest.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
 # Copyright 2018 New Vector
+# Copyright 2019 Matrix.org Federation C.I.C
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -13,6 +14,7 @@
 # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
+
 import gc
 import hashlib
 import hmac
@@ -27,13 +29,17 @@ from twisted.internet.defer import Deferred, succeed
 from twisted.python.threadpool import ThreadPool
 from twisted.trial import unittest
 
-from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes
+from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes, Membership
+from synapse.api.room_versions import KNOWN_ROOM_VERSIONS
 from synapse.config.homeserver import HomeServerConfig
+from synapse.config.ratelimiting import FederationRateLimitConfig
+from synapse.federation.transport import server as federation_server
 from synapse.http.server import JsonResource
 from synapse.http.site import SynapseRequest
 from synapse.logging.context import LoggingContext
 from synapse.server import HomeServer
 from synapse.types import Requester, UserID, create_requester
+from synapse.util.ratelimitutils import FederationRateLimiter
 
 from tests.server import get_clock, make_request, render, setup_test_homeserver
 from tests.test_utils.logging_setup import setup_logging
@@ -559,6 +565,66 @@ class HomeserverTestCase(TestCase):
         self.render(request)
         self.assertEqual(channel.code, 403, channel.result)
 
+    def inject_room_member(self, room: str, user: str, membership: Membership) -> None:
+        """
+        Inject a membership event into a room.
+
+        Args:
+            room: Room ID to inject the event into.
+            user: MXID of the user to inject the membership for.
+            membership: The membership type.
+        """
+        event_builder_factory = self.hs.get_event_builder_factory()
+        event_creation_handler = self.hs.get_event_creation_handler()
+
+        room_version = self.get_success(self.hs.get_datastore().get_room_version(room))
+
+        builder = event_builder_factory.for_room_version(
+            KNOWN_ROOM_VERSIONS[room_version],
+            {
+                "type": EventTypes.Member,
+                "sender": user,
+                "state_key": user,
+                "room_id": room,
+                "content": {"membership": membership},
+            },
+        )
+
+        event, context = self.get_success(
+            event_creation_handler.create_new_client_event(builder)
+        )
+
+        self.get_success(
+            self.hs.get_storage().persistence.persist_event(event, context)
+        )
+
+
+class FederatingHomeserverTestCase(HomeserverTestCase):
+    """
+    A federating homeserver that authenticates incoming requests as `other.example.com`.
+    """
+
+    def prepare(self, reactor, clock, homeserver):
+        class Authenticator(object):
+            def authenticate_request(self, request, content):
+                return succeed("other.example.com")
+
+        ratelimiter = FederationRateLimiter(
+            clock,
+            FederationRateLimitConfig(
+                window_size=1,
+                sleep_limit=1,
+                sleep_msec=1,
+                reject_limit=1000,
+                concurrent_requests=1000,
+            ),
+        )
+        federation_server.register_servlets(
+            homeserver, self.resource, Authenticator(), ratelimiter
+        )
+
+        return super().prepare(reactor, clock, homeserver)
+
 
 def override_config(extra_config):
     """A decorator which can be applied to test functions to give additional HS config
diff --git a/tests/utils.py b/tests/utils.py
index 7dc9bdc505..de2ac1ed33 100644
--- a/tests/utils.py
+++ b/tests/utils.py
@@ -109,6 +109,7 @@ def default_config(name, parse=False):
     """
     config_dict = {
         "server_name": name,
+        "send_federation": False,
         "media_store_path": "media",
         "uploads_path": "uploads",
         # the test signing key is just an arbitrary ed25519 key to keep the config
-- 
cgit 1.5.1


From ee86abb2d6e9c7d553858e814b4343bcf95af75a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Erik Johnston <erik@matrix.org>
Date: Wed, 4 Dec 2019 10:15:55 +0000
Subject: Remove underscore from SQLBaseStore functions

---
 scripts-dev/hash_history.py                        |   2 +-
 scripts/synapse_port_db                            |  18 +--
 synapse/app/user_dir.py                            |   2 +-
 synapse/storage/_base.py                           | 142 ++++++++++-----------
 synapse/storage/background_updates.py              |  14 +-
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/__init__.py       |  16 +--
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/account_data.py   |  18 +--
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/appservice.py     |  10 +-
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/cache.py          |   2 +-
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/client_ips.py     |   8 +-
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/deviceinbox.py    |   4 +-
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/devices.py        |  46 +++----
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/directory.py      |  12 +-
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/e2e_room_keys.py  |  20 +--
 .../storage/data_stores/main/end_to_end_keys.py    |  20 +--
 .../storage/data_stores/main/event_federation.py   |  16 +--
 .../storage/data_stores/main/event_push_actions.py |  12 +-
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/events.py         |  52 ++++----
 .../storage/data_stores/main/events_bg_updates.py  |  10 +-
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/events_worker.py  |   6 +-
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/filtering.py      |   2 +-
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/group_server.py   | 128 +++++++++----------
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/keys.py           |   6 +-
 .../storage/data_stores/main/media_repository.py   |  24 ++--
 .../data_stores/main/monthly_active_users.py       |   6 +-
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/openid.py         |   2 +-
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/presence.py       |   8 +-
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/profile.py        |  24 ++--
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/push_rule.py      |  24 ++--
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/pusher.py         |  26 ++--
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/receipts.py       |  16 +--
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/registration.py   |  92 ++++++-------
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/rejections.py     |   4 +-
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/relations.py      |   4 +-
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/room.py           |  34 ++---
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/roommember.py     |  16 +--
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/search.py         |   8 +-
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/signatures.py     |   2 +-
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/state.py          |  36 +++---
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/state_deltas.py   |   2 +-
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/stats.py          |  28 ++--
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/stream.py         |  14 +-
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/tags.py           |   6 +-
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/transactions.py   |  12 +-
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/user_directory.py |  56 ++++----
 .../storage/data_stores/main/user_erasure_store.py |   4 +-
 tests/handlers/test_stats.py                       |  30 ++---
 tests/handlers/test_user_directory.py              |  12 +-
 tests/rest/admin/test_admin.py                     |   2 +-
 tests/storage/test__base.py                        |   8 +-
 tests/storage/test_base.py                         |  18 +--
 tests/storage/test_client_ips.py                   |  12 +-
 tests/storage/test_event_push_actions.py           |   4 +-
 tests/storage/test_redaction.py                    |   4 +-
 tests/storage/test_roommember.py                   |   2 +-
 tests/unittest.py                                  |   2 +-
 56 files changed, 550 insertions(+), 558 deletions(-)

(limited to 'tests/handlers')

diff --git a/scripts-dev/hash_history.py b/scripts-dev/hash_history.py
index d20f6db176..bf3862a386 100644
--- a/scripts-dev/hash_history.py
+++ b/scripts-dev/hash_history.py
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ class Store(object):
         "_store_pdu_reference_hash_txn"
     ]
     _store_prev_pdu_hash_txn = SignatureStore.__dict__["_store_prev_pdu_hash_txn"]
-    _simple_insert_txn = SQLBaseStore.__dict__["_simple_insert_txn"]
+    simple_insert_txn = SQLBaseStore.__dict__["simple_insert_txn"]
 
 
 store = Store()
diff --git a/scripts/synapse_port_db b/scripts/synapse_port_db
index f24b8ffe67..9dd1700ff0 100755
--- a/scripts/synapse_port_db
+++ b/scripts/synapse_port_db
@@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ class Porter(object):
     def setup_table(self, table):
         if table in APPEND_ONLY_TABLES:
             # It's safe to just carry on inserting.
-            row = yield self.postgres_store._simple_select_one(
+            row = yield self.postgres_store.simple_select_one(
                 table="port_from_sqlite3",
                 keyvalues={"table_name": table},
                 retcols=("forward_rowid", "backward_rowid"),
@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ class Porter(object):
                     )
                     backward_chunk = 0
                 else:
-                    yield self.postgres_store._simple_insert(
+                    yield self.postgres_store.simple_insert(
                         table="port_from_sqlite3",
                         values={
                             "table_name": table,
@@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ class Porter(object):
 
             yield self.postgres_store.execute(delete_all)
 
-            yield self.postgres_store._simple_insert(
+            yield self.postgres_store.simple_insert(
                 table="port_from_sqlite3",
                 values={"table_name": table, "forward_rowid": 1, "backward_rowid": 0},
             )
@@ -320,7 +320,7 @@ class Porter(object):
         if table == "user_directory_stream_pos":
             # We need to make sure there is a single row, `(X, null), as that is
             # what synapse expects to be there.
-            yield self.postgres_store._simple_insert(
+            yield self.postgres_store.simple_insert(
                 table=table, values={"stream_id": None}
             )
             self.progress.update(table, table_size)  # Mark table as done
@@ -375,7 +375,7 @@ class Porter(object):
                 def insert(txn):
                     self.postgres_store.insert_many_txn(txn, table, headers[1:], rows)
 
-                    self.postgres_store._simple_update_one_txn(
+                    self.postgres_store.simple_update_one_txn(
                         txn,
                         table="port_from_sqlite3",
                         keyvalues={"table_name": table},
@@ -452,7 +452,7 @@ class Porter(object):
                         ],
                     )
 
-                    self.postgres_store._simple_update_one_txn(
+                    self.postgres_store.simple_update_one_txn(
                         txn,
                         table="port_from_sqlite3",
                         keyvalues={"table_name": "event_search"},
@@ -591,11 +591,11 @@ class Porter(object):
 
             # Step 2. Get tables.
             self.progress.set_state("Fetching tables")
-            sqlite_tables = yield self.sqlite_store._simple_select_onecol(
+            sqlite_tables = yield self.sqlite_store.simple_select_onecol(
                 table="sqlite_master", keyvalues={"type": "table"}, retcol="name"
             )
 
-            postgres_tables = yield self.postgres_store._simple_select_onecol(
+            postgres_tables = yield self.postgres_store.simple_select_onecol(
                 table="information_schema.tables",
                 keyvalues={},
                 retcol="distinct table_name",
@@ -722,7 +722,7 @@ class Porter(object):
         next_chunk = yield self.sqlite_store.execute(get_start_id)
         next_chunk = max(max_inserted_rowid + 1, next_chunk)
 
-        yield self.postgres_store._simple_insert(
+        yield self.postgres_store.simple_insert(
             table="port_from_sqlite3",
             values={
                 "table_name": "sent_transactions",
diff --git a/synapse/app/user_dir.py b/synapse/app/user_dir.py
index 6cb100319f..0fa2b50999 100644
--- a/synapse/app/user_dir.py
+++ b/synapse/app/user_dir.py
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ class UserDirectorySlaveStore(
         super(UserDirectorySlaveStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
 
         events_max = self._stream_id_gen.get_current_token()
-        curr_state_delta_prefill, min_curr_state_delta_id = self._get_cache_dict(
+        curr_state_delta_prefill, min_curr_state_delta_id = self.get_cache_dict(
             db_conn,
             "current_state_delta_stream",
             entity_column="room_id",
diff --git a/synapse/storage/_base.py b/synapse/storage/_base.py
index 1ed89d9f2a..9205e550bb 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/_base.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/_base.py
@@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
 
         If the background updates have not completed, wait 15 sec and check again.
         """
-        updates = yield self._simple_select_list(
+        updates = yield self.simple_select_list(
             "background_updates",
             keyvalues=None,
             retcols=["update_name"],
@@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
 
         self._clock.looping_call(loop, 10000)
 
-    def _new_transaction(
+    def new_transaction(
         self, conn, desc, after_callbacks, exception_callbacks, func, *args, **kwargs
     ):
         start = monotonic_time()
@@ -444,7 +444,7 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
 
         try:
             result = yield self.runWithConnection(
-                self._new_transaction,
+                self.new_transaction,
                 desc,
                 after_callbacks,
                 exception_callbacks,
@@ -516,7 +516,7 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
         results = list(dict(zip(col_headers, row)) for row in cursor)
         return results
 
-    def _execute(self, desc, decoder, query, *args):
+    def execute(self, desc, decoder, query, *args):
         """Runs a single query for a result set.
 
         Args:
@@ -541,7 +541,7 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
     # no complex WHERE clauses, just a dict of values for columns.
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _simple_insert(self, table, values, or_ignore=False, desc="_simple_insert"):
+    def simple_insert(self, table, values, or_ignore=False, desc="simple_insert"):
         """Executes an INSERT query on the named table.
 
         Args:
@@ -557,7 +557,7 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
             `or_ignore` is True
         """
         try:
-            yield self.runInteraction(desc, self._simple_insert_txn, table, values)
+            yield self.runInteraction(desc, self.simple_insert_txn, table, values)
         except self.database_engine.module.IntegrityError:
             # We have to do or_ignore flag at this layer, since we can't reuse
             # a cursor after we receive an error from the db.
@@ -567,7 +567,7 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
         return True
 
     @staticmethod
-    def _simple_insert_txn(txn, table, values):
+    def simple_insert_txn(txn, table, values):
         keys, vals = zip(*values.items())
 
         sql = "INSERT INTO %s (%s) VALUES(%s)" % (
@@ -578,11 +578,11 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
 
         txn.execute(sql, vals)
 
-    def _simple_insert_many(self, table, values, desc):
-        return self.runInteraction(desc, self._simple_insert_many_txn, table, values)
+    def simple_insert_many(self, table, values, desc):
+        return self.runInteraction(desc, self.simple_insert_many_txn, table, values)
 
     @staticmethod
-    def _simple_insert_many_txn(txn, table, values):
+    def simple_insert_many_txn(txn, table, values):
         if not values:
             return
 
@@ -611,13 +611,13 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
         txn.executemany(sql, vals)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _simple_upsert(
+    def simple_upsert(
         self,
         table,
         keyvalues,
         values,
         insertion_values={},
-        desc="_simple_upsert",
+        desc="simple_upsert",
         lock=True,
     ):
         """
@@ -649,7 +649,7 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
             try:
                 result = yield self.runInteraction(
                     desc,
-                    self._simple_upsert_txn,
+                    self.simple_upsert_txn,
                     table,
                     keyvalues,
                     values,
@@ -669,7 +669,7 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
                     "IntegrityError when upserting into %s; retrying: %s", table, e
                 )
 
-    def _simple_upsert_txn(
+    def simple_upsert_txn(
         self, txn, table, keyvalues, values, insertion_values={}, lock=True
     ):
         """
@@ -693,11 +693,11 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
             self.database_engine.can_native_upsert
             and table not in self._unsafe_to_upsert_tables
         ):
-            return self._simple_upsert_txn_native_upsert(
+            return self.simple_upsert_txn_native_upsert(
                 txn, table, keyvalues, values, insertion_values=insertion_values
             )
         else:
-            return self._simple_upsert_txn_emulated(
+            return self.simple_upsert_txn_emulated(
                 txn,
                 table,
                 keyvalues,
@@ -706,7 +706,7 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
                 lock=lock,
             )
 
-    def _simple_upsert_txn_emulated(
+    def simple_upsert_txn_emulated(
         self, txn, table, keyvalues, values, insertion_values={}, lock=True
     ):
         """
@@ -775,7 +775,7 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
         # successfully inserted
         return True
 
-    def _simple_upsert_txn_native_upsert(
+    def simple_upsert_txn_native_upsert(
         self, txn, table, keyvalues, values, insertion_values={}
     ):
         """
@@ -809,7 +809,7 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
         )
         txn.execute(sql, list(allvalues.values()))
 
-    def _simple_upsert_many_txn(
+    def simple_upsert_many_txn(
         self, txn, table, key_names, key_values, value_names, value_values
     ):
         """
@@ -829,15 +829,15 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
             self.database_engine.can_native_upsert
             and table not in self._unsafe_to_upsert_tables
         ):
-            return self._simple_upsert_many_txn_native_upsert(
+            return self.simple_upsert_many_txn_native_upsert(
                 txn, table, key_names, key_values, value_names, value_values
             )
         else:
-            return self._simple_upsert_many_txn_emulated(
+            return self.simple_upsert_many_txn_emulated(
                 txn, table, key_names, key_values, value_names, value_values
             )
 
-    def _simple_upsert_many_txn_emulated(
+    def simple_upsert_many_txn_emulated(
         self, txn, table, key_names, key_values, value_names, value_values
     ):
         """
@@ -862,9 +862,9 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
             _keys = {x: y for x, y in zip(key_names, keyv)}
             _vals = {x: y for x, y in zip(value_names, valv)}
 
-            self._simple_upsert_txn_emulated(txn, table, _keys, _vals)
+            self.simple_upsert_txn_emulated(txn, table, _keys, _vals)
 
-    def _simple_upsert_many_txn_native_upsert(
+    def simple_upsert_many_txn_native_upsert(
         self, txn, table, key_names, key_values, value_names, value_values
     ):
         """
@@ -909,8 +909,8 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
 
         return txn.execute_batch(sql, args)
 
-    def _simple_select_one(
-        self, table, keyvalues, retcols, allow_none=False, desc="_simple_select_one"
+    def simple_select_one(
+        self, table, keyvalues, retcols, allow_none=False, desc="simple_select_one"
     ):
         """Executes a SELECT query on the named table, which is expected to
         return a single row, returning multiple columns from it.
@@ -924,16 +924,16 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
               statement returns no rows
         """
         return self.runInteraction(
-            desc, self._simple_select_one_txn, table, keyvalues, retcols, allow_none
+            desc, self.simple_select_one_txn, table, keyvalues, retcols, allow_none
         )
 
-    def _simple_select_one_onecol(
+    def simple_select_one_onecol(
         self,
         table,
         keyvalues,
         retcol,
         allow_none=False,
-        desc="_simple_select_one_onecol",
+        desc="simple_select_one_onecol",
     ):
         """Executes a SELECT query on the named table, which is expected to
         return a single row, returning a single column from it.
@@ -945,7 +945,7 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
         """
         return self.runInteraction(
             desc,
-            self._simple_select_one_onecol_txn,
+            self.simple_select_one_onecol_txn,
             table,
             keyvalues,
             retcol,
@@ -953,10 +953,10 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
         )
 
     @classmethod
-    def _simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
+    def simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
         cls, txn, table, keyvalues, retcol, allow_none=False
     ):
-        ret = cls._simple_select_onecol_txn(
+        ret = cls.simple_select_onecol_txn(
             txn, table=table, keyvalues=keyvalues, retcol=retcol
         )
 
@@ -969,7 +969,7 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
                 raise StoreError(404, "No row found")
 
     @staticmethod
-    def _simple_select_onecol_txn(txn, table, keyvalues, retcol):
+    def simple_select_onecol_txn(txn, table, keyvalues, retcol):
         sql = ("SELECT %(retcol)s FROM %(table)s") % {"retcol": retcol, "table": table}
 
         if keyvalues:
@@ -980,8 +980,8 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
 
         return [r[0] for r in txn]
 
-    def _simple_select_onecol(
-        self, table, keyvalues, retcol, desc="_simple_select_onecol"
+    def simple_select_onecol(
+        self, table, keyvalues, retcol, desc="simple_select_onecol"
     ):
         """Executes a SELECT query on the named table, which returns a list
         comprising of the values of the named column from the selected rows.
@@ -995,12 +995,10 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
             Deferred: Results in a list
         """
         return self.runInteraction(
-            desc, self._simple_select_onecol_txn, table, keyvalues, retcol
+            desc, self.simple_select_onecol_txn, table, keyvalues, retcol
         )
 
-    def _simple_select_list(
-        self, table, keyvalues, retcols, desc="_simple_select_list"
-    ):
+    def simple_select_list(self, table, keyvalues, retcols, desc="simple_select_list"):
         """Executes a SELECT query on the named table, which may return zero or
         more rows, returning the result as a list of dicts.
 
@@ -1014,11 +1012,11 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
             defer.Deferred: resolves to list[dict[str, Any]]
         """
         return self.runInteraction(
-            desc, self._simple_select_list_txn, table, keyvalues, retcols
+            desc, self.simple_select_list_txn, table, keyvalues, retcols
         )
 
     @classmethod
-    def _simple_select_list_txn(cls, txn, table, keyvalues, retcols):
+    def simple_select_list_txn(cls, txn, table, keyvalues, retcols):
         """Executes a SELECT query on the named table, which may return zero or
         more rows, returning the result as a list of dicts.
 
@@ -1044,14 +1042,14 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
         return cls.cursor_to_dict(txn)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _simple_select_many_batch(
+    def simple_select_many_batch(
         self,
         table,
         column,
         iterable,
         retcols,
         keyvalues={},
-        desc="_simple_select_many_batch",
+        desc="simple_select_many_batch",
         batch_size=100,
     ):
         """Executes a SELECT query on the named table, which may return zero or
@@ -1080,7 +1078,7 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
         for chunk in chunks:
             rows = yield self.runInteraction(
                 desc,
-                self._simple_select_many_txn,
+                self.simple_select_many_txn,
                 table,
                 column,
                 chunk,
@@ -1093,7 +1091,7 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
         return results
 
     @classmethod
-    def _simple_select_many_txn(cls, txn, table, column, iterable, keyvalues, retcols):
+    def simple_select_many_txn(cls, txn, table, column, iterable, keyvalues, retcols):
         """Executes a SELECT query on the named table, which may return zero or
         more rows, returning the result as a list of dicts.
 
@@ -1126,13 +1124,13 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
         txn.execute(sql, values)
         return cls.cursor_to_dict(txn)
 
-    def _simple_update(self, table, keyvalues, updatevalues, desc):
+    def simple_update(self, table, keyvalues, updatevalues, desc):
         return self.runInteraction(
-            desc, self._simple_update_txn, table, keyvalues, updatevalues
+            desc, self.simple_update_txn, table, keyvalues, updatevalues
         )
 
     @staticmethod
-    def _simple_update_txn(txn, table, keyvalues, updatevalues):
+    def simple_update_txn(txn, table, keyvalues, updatevalues):
         if keyvalues:
             where = "WHERE %s" % " AND ".join("%s = ?" % k for k in iterkeys(keyvalues))
         else:
@@ -1148,8 +1146,8 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
 
         return txn.rowcount
 
-    def _simple_update_one(
-        self, table, keyvalues, updatevalues, desc="_simple_update_one"
+    def simple_update_one(
+        self, table, keyvalues, updatevalues, desc="simple_update_one"
     ):
         """Executes an UPDATE query on the named table, setting new values for
         columns in a row matching the key values.
@@ -1169,12 +1167,12 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
         the update column in the 'keyvalues' dict as well.
         """
         return self.runInteraction(
-            desc, self._simple_update_one_txn, table, keyvalues, updatevalues
+            desc, self.simple_update_one_txn, table, keyvalues, updatevalues
         )
 
     @classmethod
-    def _simple_update_one_txn(cls, txn, table, keyvalues, updatevalues):
-        rowcount = cls._simple_update_txn(txn, table, keyvalues, updatevalues)
+    def simple_update_one_txn(cls, txn, table, keyvalues, updatevalues):
+        rowcount = cls.simple_update_txn(txn, table, keyvalues, updatevalues)
 
         if rowcount == 0:
             raise StoreError(404, "No row found (%s)" % (table,))
@@ -1182,7 +1180,7 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
             raise StoreError(500, "More than one row matched (%s)" % (table,))
 
     @staticmethod
-    def _simple_select_one_txn(txn, table, keyvalues, retcols, allow_none=False):
+    def simple_select_one_txn(txn, table, keyvalues, retcols, allow_none=False):
         select_sql = "SELECT %s FROM %s WHERE %s" % (
             ", ".join(retcols),
             table,
@@ -1201,7 +1199,7 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
 
         return dict(zip(retcols, row))
 
-    def _simple_delete_one(self, table, keyvalues, desc="_simple_delete_one"):
+    def simple_delete_one(self, table, keyvalues, desc="simple_delete_one"):
         """Executes a DELETE query on the named table, expecting to delete a
         single row.
 
@@ -1209,10 +1207,10 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
             table : string giving the table name
             keyvalues : dict of column names and values to select the row with
         """
-        return self.runInteraction(desc, self._simple_delete_one_txn, table, keyvalues)
+        return self.runInteraction(desc, self.simple_delete_one_txn, table, keyvalues)
 
     @staticmethod
-    def _simple_delete_one_txn(txn, table, keyvalues):
+    def simple_delete_one_txn(txn, table, keyvalues):
         """Executes a DELETE query on the named table, expecting to delete a
         single row.
 
@@ -1231,11 +1229,11 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
         if txn.rowcount > 1:
             raise StoreError(500, "More than one row matched (%s)" % (table,))
 
-    def _simple_delete(self, table, keyvalues, desc):
-        return self.runInteraction(desc, self._simple_delete_txn, table, keyvalues)
+    def simple_delete(self, table, keyvalues, desc):
+        return self.runInteraction(desc, self.simple_delete_txn, table, keyvalues)
 
     @staticmethod
-    def _simple_delete_txn(txn, table, keyvalues):
+    def simple_delete_txn(txn, table, keyvalues):
         sql = "DELETE FROM %s WHERE %s" % (
             table,
             " AND ".join("%s = ?" % (k,) for k in keyvalues),
@@ -1244,13 +1242,13 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
         txn.execute(sql, list(keyvalues.values()))
         return txn.rowcount
 
-    def _simple_delete_many(self, table, column, iterable, keyvalues, desc):
+    def simple_delete_many(self, table, column, iterable, keyvalues, desc):
         return self.runInteraction(
-            desc, self._simple_delete_many_txn, table, column, iterable, keyvalues
+            desc, self.simple_delete_many_txn, table, column, iterable, keyvalues
         )
 
     @staticmethod
-    def _simple_delete_many_txn(txn, table, column, iterable, keyvalues):
+    def simple_delete_many_txn(txn, table, column, iterable, keyvalues):
         """Executes a DELETE query on the named table.
 
         Filters rows by if value of `column` is in `iterable`.
@@ -1283,7 +1281,7 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
 
         return txn.rowcount
 
-    def _get_cache_dict(
+    def get_cache_dict(
         self, db_conn, table, entity_column, stream_column, max_value, limit=100000
     ):
         # Fetch a mapping of room_id -> max stream position for "recent" rooms.
@@ -1349,7 +1347,7 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
             # which is fine.
             pass
 
-    def _simple_select_list_paginate(
+    def simple_select_list_paginate(
         self,
         table,
         keyvalues,
@@ -1358,7 +1356,7 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
         limit,
         retcols,
         order_direction="ASC",
-        desc="_simple_select_list_paginate",
+        desc="simple_select_list_paginate",
     ):
         """
         Executes a SELECT query on the named table with start and limit,
@@ -1380,7 +1378,7 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
         """
         return self.runInteraction(
             desc,
-            self._simple_select_list_paginate_txn,
+            self.simple_select_list_paginate_txn,
             table,
             keyvalues,
             orderby,
@@ -1391,7 +1389,7 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
         )
 
     @classmethod
-    def _simple_select_list_paginate_txn(
+    def simple_select_list_paginate_txn(
         cls,
         txn,
         table,
@@ -1452,9 +1450,7 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
         txn.execute(sql_count)
         return txn.fetchone()[0]
 
-    def _simple_search_list(
-        self, table, term, col, retcols, desc="_simple_search_list"
-    ):
+    def simple_search_list(self, table, term, col, retcols, desc="simple_search_list"):
         """Executes a SELECT query on the named table, which may return zero or
         more rows, returning the result as a list of dicts.
 
@@ -1469,11 +1465,11 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
         """
 
         return self.runInteraction(
-            desc, self._simple_search_list_txn, table, term, col, retcols
+            desc, self.simple_search_list_txn, table, term, col, retcols
         )
 
     @classmethod
-    def _simple_search_list_txn(cls, txn, table, term, col, retcols):
+    def simple_search_list_txn(cls, txn, table, term, col, retcols):
         """Executes a SELECT query on the named table, which may return zero or
         more rows, returning the result as a list of dicts.
 
diff --git a/synapse/storage/background_updates.py b/synapse/storage/background_updates.py
index 37d469ffd7..06955a0537 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/background_updates.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/background_updates.py
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ class BackgroundUpdateStore(SQLBaseStore):
         # otherwise, check if there are updates to be run. This is important,
         # as we may be running on a worker which doesn't perform the bg updates
         # itself, but still wants to wait for them to happen.
-        updates = yield self._simple_select_onecol(
+        updates = yield self.simple_select_onecol(
             "background_updates",
             keyvalues=None,
             retcol="1",
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ class BackgroundUpdateStore(SQLBaseStore):
         if update_name in self._background_update_queue:
             return False
 
-        update_exists = await self._simple_select_one_onecol(
+        update_exists = await self.simple_select_one_onecol(
             "background_updates",
             keyvalues={"update_name": update_name},
             retcol="1",
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ class BackgroundUpdateStore(SQLBaseStore):
             no more work to do.
         """
         if not self._background_update_queue:
-            updates = yield self._simple_select_list(
+            updates = yield self.simple_select_list(
                 "background_updates",
                 keyvalues=None,
                 retcols=("update_name", "depends_on"),
@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ class BackgroundUpdateStore(SQLBaseStore):
         else:
             batch_size = self.DEFAULT_BACKGROUND_BATCH_SIZE
 
-        progress_json = yield self._simple_select_one_onecol(
+        progress_json = yield self.simple_select_one_onecol(
             "background_updates",
             keyvalues={"update_name": update_name},
             retcol="progress_json",
@@ -413,7 +413,7 @@ class BackgroundUpdateStore(SQLBaseStore):
         self._background_update_queue = []
         progress_json = json.dumps(progress)
 
-        return self._simple_insert(
+        return self.simple_insert(
             "background_updates",
             {"update_name": update_name, "progress_json": progress_json},
         )
@@ -429,7 +429,7 @@ class BackgroundUpdateStore(SQLBaseStore):
         self._background_update_queue = [
             name for name in self._background_update_queue if name != update_name
         ]
-        return self._simple_delete_one(
+        return self.simple_delete_one(
             "background_updates", keyvalues={"update_name": update_name}
         )
 
@@ -444,7 +444,7 @@ class BackgroundUpdateStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
         progress_json = json.dumps(progress)
 
-        self._simple_update_one_txn(
+        self.simple_update_one_txn(
             txn,
             "background_updates",
             keyvalues={"update_name": update_name},
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/__init__.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/__init__.py
index 474924c68f..2a5b33dda1 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/__init__.py
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ class DataStore(
 
         self._presence_on_startup = self._get_active_presence(db_conn)
 
-        presence_cache_prefill, min_presence_val = self._get_cache_dict(
+        presence_cache_prefill, min_presence_val = self.get_cache_dict(
             db_conn,
             "presence_stream",
             entity_column="user_id",
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ class DataStore(
         )
 
         max_device_inbox_id = self._device_inbox_id_gen.get_current_token()
-        device_inbox_prefill, min_device_inbox_id = self._get_cache_dict(
+        device_inbox_prefill, min_device_inbox_id = self.get_cache_dict(
             db_conn,
             "device_inbox",
             entity_column="user_id",
@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ class DataStore(
         )
         # The federation outbox and the local device inbox uses the same
         # stream_id generator.
-        device_outbox_prefill, min_device_outbox_id = self._get_cache_dict(
+        device_outbox_prefill, min_device_outbox_id = self.get_cache_dict(
             db_conn,
             "device_federation_outbox",
             entity_column="destination",
@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ class DataStore(
         )
 
         events_max = self._stream_id_gen.get_current_token()
-        curr_state_delta_prefill, min_curr_state_delta_id = self._get_cache_dict(
+        curr_state_delta_prefill, min_curr_state_delta_id = self.get_cache_dict(
             db_conn,
             "current_state_delta_stream",
             entity_column="room_id",
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ class DataStore(
             prefilled_cache=curr_state_delta_prefill,
         )
 
-        _group_updates_prefill, min_group_updates_id = self._get_cache_dict(
+        _group_updates_prefill, min_group_updates_id = self.get_cache_dict(
             db_conn,
             "local_group_updates",
             entity_column="user_id",
@@ -482,7 +482,7 @@ class DataStore(
         Returns:
             defer.Deferred: resolves to list[dict[str, Any]]
         """
-        return self._simple_select_list(
+        return self.simple_select_list(
             table="users",
             keyvalues={},
             retcols=["name", "password_hash", "is_guest", "admin", "user_type"],
@@ -504,7 +504,7 @@ class DataStore(
         """
         users = yield self.runInteraction(
             "get_users_paginate",
-            self._simple_select_list_paginate_txn,
+            self.simple_select_list_paginate_txn,
             table="users",
             keyvalues={"is_guest": False},
             orderby=order,
@@ -526,7 +526,7 @@ class DataStore(
         Returns:
             defer.Deferred: resolves to list[dict[str, Any]]
         """
-        return self._simple_search_list(
+        return self.simple_search_list(
             table="users",
             term=term,
             col="name",
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/account_data.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/account_data.py
index 22093484ed..b0d22faf3f 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/account_data.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/account_data.py
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ class AccountDataWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         """
 
         def get_account_data_for_user_txn(txn):
-            rows = self._simple_select_list_txn(
+            rows = self.simple_select_list_txn(
                 txn,
                 "account_data",
                 {"user_id": user_id},
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ class AccountDataWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 row["account_data_type"]: json.loads(row["content"]) for row in rows
             }
 
-            rows = self._simple_select_list_txn(
+            rows = self.simple_select_list_txn(
                 txn,
                 "room_account_data",
                 {"user_id": user_id},
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ class AccountDataWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         Returns:
             Deferred: A dict
         """
-        result = yield self._simple_select_one_onecol(
+        result = yield self.simple_select_one_onecol(
             table="account_data",
             keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "account_data_type": data_type},
             retcol="content",
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ class AccountDataWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         """
 
         def get_account_data_for_room_txn(txn):
-            rows = self._simple_select_list_txn(
+            rows = self.simple_select_list_txn(
                 txn,
                 "room_account_data",
                 {"user_id": user_id, "room_id": room_id},
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ class AccountDataWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         """
 
         def get_account_data_for_room_and_type_txn(txn):
-            content_json = self._simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
+            content_json = self.simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="room_account_data",
                 keyvalues={
@@ -300,9 +300,9 @@ class AccountDataStore(AccountDataWorkerStore):
 
         with self._account_data_id_gen.get_next() as next_id:
             # no need to lock here as room_account_data has a unique constraint
-            # on (user_id, room_id, account_data_type) so _simple_upsert will
+            # on (user_id, room_id, account_data_type) so simple_upsert will
             # retry if there is a conflict.
-            yield self._simple_upsert(
+            yield self.simple_upsert(
                 desc="add_room_account_data",
                 table="room_account_data",
                 keyvalues={
@@ -346,9 +346,9 @@ class AccountDataStore(AccountDataWorkerStore):
 
         with self._account_data_id_gen.get_next() as next_id:
             # no need to lock here as account_data has a unique constraint on
-            # (user_id, account_data_type) so _simple_upsert will retry if
+            # (user_id, account_data_type) so simple_upsert will retry if
             # there is a conflict.
-            yield self._simple_upsert(
+            yield self.simple_upsert(
                 desc="add_user_account_data",
                 table="account_data",
                 keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "account_data_type": account_data_type},
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/appservice.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/appservice.py
index 81babf2029..6b82fd392a 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/appservice.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/appservice.py
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ class ApplicationServiceTransactionWorkerStore(
             A Deferred which resolves to a list of ApplicationServices, which
             may be empty.
         """
-        results = yield self._simple_select_list(
+        results = yield self.simple_select_list(
             "application_services_state", dict(state=state), ["as_id"]
         )
         # NB: This assumes this class is linked with ApplicationServiceStore
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ class ApplicationServiceTransactionWorkerStore(
         Returns:
             A Deferred which resolves to ApplicationServiceState.
         """
-        result = yield self._simple_select_one(
+        result = yield self.simple_select_one(
             "application_services_state",
             dict(as_id=service.id),
             ["state"],
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ class ApplicationServiceTransactionWorkerStore(
         Returns:
             A Deferred which resolves when the state was set successfully.
         """
-        return self._simple_upsert(
+        return self.simple_upsert(
             "application_services_state", dict(as_id=service.id), dict(state=state)
         )
 
@@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ class ApplicationServiceTransactionWorkerStore(
                 )
 
             # Set current txn_id for AS to 'txn_id'
-            self._simple_upsert_txn(
+            self.simple_upsert_txn(
                 txn,
                 "application_services_state",
                 dict(as_id=service.id),
@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ class ApplicationServiceTransactionWorkerStore(
             )
 
             # Delete txn
-            self._simple_delete_txn(
+            self.simple_delete_txn(
                 txn, "application_services_txns", dict(txn_id=txn_id, as_id=service.id)
             )
 
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/cache.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/cache.py
index 258c08722a..de3256049d 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/cache.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/cache.py
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ class CacheInvalidationStore(SQLBaseStore):
             txn.call_after(ctx.__exit__, None, None, None)
             txn.call_after(self.hs.get_notifier().on_new_replication_data)
 
-            self._simple_insert_txn(
+            self.simple_insert_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="cache_invalidation_stream",
                 values={
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/client_ips.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/client_ips.py
index cae93b0e22..66522a04b7 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/client_ips.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/client_ips.py
@@ -431,7 +431,7 @@ class ClientIpStore(ClientIpBackgroundUpdateStore):
             (user_id, access_token, ip), (user_agent, device_id, last_seen) = entry
 
             try:
-                self._simple_upsert_txn(
+                self.simple_upsert_txn(
                     txn,
                     table="user_ips",
                     keyvalues={
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ class ClientIpStore(ClientIpBackgroundUpdateStore):
                 # Technically an access token might not be associated with
                 # a device so we need to check.
                 if device_id:
-                    self._simple_upsert_txn(
+                    self.simple_upsert_txn(
                         txn,
                         table="devices",
                         keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "device_id": device_id},
@@ -483,7 +483,7 @@ class ClientIpStore(ClientIpBackgroundUpdateStore):
         if device_id is not None:
             keyvalues["device_id"] = device_id
 
-        res = yield self._simple_select_list(
+        res = yield self.simple_select_list(
             table="devices",
             keyvalues=keyvalues,
             retcols=("user_id", "ip", "user_agent", "device_id", "last_seen"),
@@ -516,7 +516,7 @@ class ClientIpStore(ClientIpBackgroundUpdateStore):
                 user_agent, _, last_seen = self._batch_row_update[key]
                 results[(access_token, ip)] = (user_agent, last_seen)
 
-        rows = yield self._simple_select_list(
+        rows = yield self.simple_select_list(
             table="user_ips",
             keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
             retcols=["access_token", "ip", "user_agent", "last_seen"],
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/deviceinbox.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/deviceinbox.py
index a23744f11c..206d39134d 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/deviceinbox.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/deviceinbox.py
@@ -314,7 +314,7 @@ class DeviceInboxStore(DeviceInboxWorkerStore, DeviceInboxBackgroundUpdateStore)
             # Check if we've already inserted a matching message_id for that
             # origin. This can happen if the origin doesn't receive our
             # acknowledgement from the first time we received the message.
-            already_inserted = self._simple_select_one_txn(
+            already_inserted = self.simple_select_one_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="device_federation_inbox",
                 keyvalues={"origin": origin, "message_id": message_id},
@@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ class DeviceInboxStore(DeviceInboxWorkerStore, DeviceInboxBackgroundUpdateStore)
 
             # Add an entry for this message_id so that we know we've processed
             # it.
-            self._simple_insert_txn(
+            self.simple_insert_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="device_federation_inbox",
                 values={
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/devices.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/devices.py
index a3ad23e783..727c582121 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/devices.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/devices.py
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ class DeviceWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         Raises:
             StoreError: if the device is not found
         """
-        return self._simple_select_one(
+        return self.simple_select_one(
             table="devices",
             keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "device_id": device_id, "hidden": False},
             retcols=("user_id", "device_id", "display_name"),
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ class DeviceWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             containing "device_id", "user_id" and "display_name" for each
             device.
         """
-        devices = yield self._simple_select_list(
+        devices = yield self.simple_select_list(
             table="devices",
             keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "hidden": False},
             retcols=("user_id", "device_id", "display_name"),
@@ -414,7 +414,7 @@ class DeviceWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             from_user_id,
             stream_id,
         )
-        self._simple_insert_txn(
+        self.simple_insert_txn(
             txn,
             "user_signature_stream",
             values={
@@ -466,7 +466,7 @@ class DeviceWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
     @cachedInlineCallbacks(num_args=2, tree=True)
     def _get_cached_user_device(self, user_id, device_id):
-        content = yield self._simple_select_one_onecol(
+        content = yield self.simple_select_one_onecol(
             table="device_lists_remote_cache",
             keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "device_id": device_id},
             retcol="content",
@@ -476,7 +476,7 @@ class DeviceWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
     @cachedInlineCallbacks()
     def _get_cached_devices_for_user(self, user_id):
-        devices = yield self._simple_select_list(
+        devices = yield self.simple_select_list(
             table="device_lists_remote_cache",
             keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
             retcols=("device_id", "content"),
@@ -584,7 +584,7 @@ class DeviceWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 SELECT DISTINCT user_ids FROM user_signature_stream
                 WHERE from_user_id = ? AND stream_id > ?
             """
-            rows = yield self._execute(
+            rows = yield self.execute(
                 "get_users_whose_signatures_changed", None, sql, user_id, from_key
             )
             return set(user for row in rows for user in json.loads(row[0]))
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ class DeviceWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             WHERE ? < stream_id AND stream_id <= ?
             GROUP BY user_id, destination
         """
-        return self._execute(
+        return self.execute(
             "get_all_device_list_changes_for_remotes", None, sql, from_key, to_key
         )
 
@@ -614,7 +614,7 @@ class DeviceWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         """Get the last stream_id we got for a user. May be None if we haven't
         got any information for them.
         """
-        return self._simple_select_one_onecol(
+        return self.simple_select_one_onecol(
             table="device_lists_remote_extremeties",
             keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
             retcol="stream_id",
@@ -628,7 +628,7 @@ class DeviceWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         inlineCallbacks=True,
     )
     def get_device_list_last_stream_id_for_remotes(self, user_ids):
-        rows = yield self._simple_select_many_batch(
+        rows = yield self.simple_select_many_batch(
             table="device_lists_remote_extremeties",
             column="user_id",
             iterable=user_ids,
@@ -722,7 +722,7 @@ class DeviceStore(DeviceWorkerStore, DeviceBackgroundUpdateStore):
             return False
 
         try:
-            inserted = yield self._simple_insert(
+            inserted = yield self.simple_insert(
                 "devices",
                 values={
                     "user_id": user_id,
@@ -736,7 +736,7 @@ class DeviceStore(DeviceWorkerStore, DeviceBackgroundUpdateStore):
             if not inserted:
                 # if the device already exists, check if it's a real device, or
                 # if the device ID is reserved by something else
-                hidden = yield self._simple_select_one_onecol(
+                hidden = yield self.simple_select_one_onecol(
                     "devices",
                     keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "device_id": device_id},
                     retcol="hidden",
@@ -771,7 +771,7 @@ class DeviceStore(DeviceWorkerStore, DeviceBackgroundUpdateStore):
         Returns:
             defer.Deferred
         """
-        yield self._simple_delete_one(
+        yield self.simple_delete_one(
             table="devices",
             keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "device_id": device_id, "hidden": False},
             desc="delete_device",
@@ -789,7 +789,7 @@ class DeviceStore(DeviceWorkerStore, DeviceBackgroundUpdateStore):
         Returns:
             defer.Deferred
         """
-        yield self._simple_delete_many(
+        yield self.simple_delete_many(
             table="devices",
             column="device_id",
             iterable=device_ids,
@@ -818,7 +818,7 @@ class DeviceStore(DeviceWorkerStore, DeviceBackgroundUpdateStore):
             updates["display_name"] = new_display_name
         if not updates:
             return defer.succeed(None)
-        return self._simple_update_one(
+        return self.simple_update_one(
             table="devices",
             keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "device_id": device_id, "hidden": False},
             updatevalues=updates,
@@ -829,7 +829,7 @@ class DeviceStore(DeviceWorkerStore, DeviceBackgroundUpdateStore):
     def mark_remote_user_device_list_as_unsubscribed(self, user_id):
         """Mark that we no longer track device lists for remote user.
         """
-        yield self._simple_delete(
+        yield self.simple_delete(
             table="device_lists_remote_extremeties",
             keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
             desc="mark_remote_user_device_list_as_unsubscribed",
@@ -866,7 +866,7 @@ class DeviceStore(DeviceWorkerStore, DeviceBackgroundUpdateStore):
         self, txn, user_id, device_id, content, stream_id
     ):
         if content.get("deleted"):
-            self._simple_delete_txn(
+            self.simple_delete_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="device_lists_remote_cache",
                 keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "device_id": device_id},
@@ -874,7 +874,7 @@ class DeviceStore(DeviceWorkerStore, DeviceBackgroundUpdateStore):
 
             txn.call_after(self.device_id_exists_cache.invalidate, (user_id, device_id))
         else:
-            self._simple_upsert_txn(
+            self.simple_upsert_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="device_lists_remote_cache",
                 keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "device_id": device_id},
@@ -890,7 +890,7 @@ class DeviceStore(DeviceWorkerStore, DeviceBackgroundUpdateStore):
             self.get_device_list_last_stream_id_for_remote.invalidate, (user_id,)
         )
 
-        self._simple_upsert_txn(
+        self.simple_upsert_txn(
             txn,
             table="device_lists_remote_extremeties",
             keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
@@ -923,11 +923,11 @@ class DeviceStore(DeviceWorkerStore, DeviceBackgroundUpdateStore):
         )
 
     def _update_remote_device_list_cache_txn(self, txn, user_id, devices, stream_id):
-        self._simple_delete_txn(
+        self.simple_delete_txn(
             txn, table="device_lists_remote_cache", keyvalues={"user_id": user_id}
         )
 
-        self._simple_insert_many_txn(
+        self.simple_insert_many_txn(
             txn,
             table="device_lists_remote_cache",
             values=[
@@ -946,7 +946,7 @@ class DeviceStore(DeviceWorkerStore, DeviceBackgroundUpdateStore):
             self.get_device_list_last_stream_id_for_remote.invalidate, (user_id,)
         )
 
-        self._simple_upsert_txn(
+        self.simple_upsert_txn(
             txn,
             table="device_lists_remote_extremeties",
             keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
@@ -995,7 +995,7 @@ class DeviceStore(DeviceWorkerStore, DeviceBackgroundUpdateStore):
             [(user_id, device_id, stream_id) for device_id in device_ids],
         )
 
-        self._simple_insert_many_txn(
+        self.simple_insert_many_txn(
             txn,
             table="device_lists_stream",
             values=[
@@ -1006,7 +1006,7 @@ class DeviceStore(DeviceWorkerStore, DeviceBackgroundUpdateStore):
 
         context = get_active_span_text_map()
 
-        self._simple_insert_many_txn(
+        self.simple_insert_many_txn(
             txn,
             table="device_lists_outbound_pokes",
             values=[
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/directory.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/directory.py
index 297966d9f4..d332f8a409 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/directory.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/directory.py
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ class DirectoryWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             Deferred: results in namedtuple with keys "room_id" and
             "servers" or None if no association can be found
         """
-        room_id = yield self._simple_select_one_onecol(
+        room_id = yield self.simple_select_one_onecol(
             "room_aliases",
             {"room_alias": room_alias.to_string()},
             "room_id",
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ class DirectoryWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         if not room_id:
             return None
 
-        servers = yield self._simple_select_onecol(
+        servers = yield self.simple_select_onecol(
             "room_alias_servers",
             {"room_alias": room_alias.to_string()},
             "server",
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ class DirectoryWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         return RoomAliasMapping(room_id, room_alias.to_string(), servers)
 
     def get_room_alias_creator(self, room_alias):
-        return self._simple_select_one_onecol(
+        return self.simple_select_one_onecol(
             table="room_aliases",
             keyvalues={"room_alias": room_alias},
             retcol="creator",
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ class DirectoryWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
     @cached(max_entries=5000)
     def get_aliases_for_room(self, room_id):
-        return self._simple_select_onecol(
+        return self.simple_select_onecol(
             "room_aliases",
             {"room_id": room_id},
             "room_alias",
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ class DirectoryStore(DirectoryWorkerStore):
         """
 
         def alias_txn(txn):
-            self._simple_insert_txn(
+            self.simple_insert_txn(
                 txn,
                 "room_aliases",
                 {
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ class DirectoryStore(DirectoryWorkerStore):
                 },
             )
 
-            self._simple_insert_many_txn(
+            self.simple_insert_many_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="room_alias_servers",
                 values=[
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/e2e_room_keys.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/e2e_room_keys.py
index 113224fd7c..df89eda337 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/e2e_room_keys.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/e2e_room_keys.py
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ class EndToEndRoomKeyStore(SQLBaseStore):
             StoreError
         """
 
-        yield self._simple_update_one(
+        yield self.simple_update_one(
             table="e2e_room_keys",
             keyvalues={
                 "user_id": user_id,
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ class EndToEndRoomKeyStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 }
             )
 
-        yield self._simple_insert_many(
+        yield self.simple_insert_many(
             table="e2e_room_keys", values=values, desc="add_e2e_room_keys"
         )
 
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ class EndToEndRoomKeyStore(SQLBaseStore):
             if session_id:
                 keyvalues["session_id"] = session_id
 
-        rows = yield self._simple_select_list(
+        rows = yield self.simple_select_list(
             table="e2e_room_keys",
             keyvalues=keyvalues,
             retcols=(
@@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ class EndToEndRoomKeyStore(SQLBaseStore):
             version (str): the version ID of the backup we're querying about
         """
 
-        return self._simple_select_one_onecol(
+        return self.simple_select_one_onecol(
             table="e2e_room_keys",
             keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "version": version},
             retcol="COUNT(*)",
@@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ class EndToEndRoomKeyStore(SQLBaseStore):
             if session_id:
                 keyvalues["session_id"] = session_id
 
-        yield self._simple_delete(
+        yield self.simple_delete(
             table="e2e_room_keys", keyvalues=keyvalues, desc="delete_e2e_room_keys"
         )
 
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ class EndToEndRoomKeyStore(SQLBaseStore):
                     # it isn't there.
                     raise StoreError(404, "No row found")
 
-            result = self._simple_select_one_txn(
+            result = self.simple_select_one_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="e2e_room_keys_versions",
                 keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "version": this_version, "deleted": 0},
@@ -352,7 +352,7 @@ class EndToEndRoomKeyStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
             new_version = str(int(current_version) + 1)
 
-            self._simple_insert_txn(
+            self.simple_insert_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="e2e_room_keys_versions",
                 values={
@@ -391,7 +391,7 @@ class EndToEndRoomKeyStore(SQLBaseStore):
             updatevalues["etag"] = version_etag
 
         if updatevalues:
-            return self._simple_update(
+            return self.simple_update(
                 table="e2e_room_keys_versions",
                 keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "version": version},
                 updatevalues=updatevalues,
@@ -420,13 +420,13 @@ class EndToEndRoomKeyStore(SQLBaseStore):
             else:
                 this_version = version
 
-            self._simple_delete_txn(
+            self.simple_delete_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="e2e_room_keys",
                 keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "version": this_version},
             )
 
-            return self._simple_update_one_txn(
+            return self.simple_update_one_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="e2e_room_keys_versions",
                 keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "version": this_version},
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/end_to_end_keys.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/end_to_end_keys.py
index 643327b57b..08bcdc4725 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/end_to_end_keys.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/end_to_end_keys.py
@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ class EndToEndKeyWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             key_id) to json string for key
         """
 
-        rows = yield self._simple_select_many_batch(
+        rows = yield self.simple_select_many_batch(
             table="e2e_one_time_keys_json",
             column="key_id",
             iterable=key_ids,
@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ class EndToEndKeyWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             # a unique constraint. If there is a race of two calls to
             # `add_e2e_one_time_keys` then they'll conflict and we will only
             # insert one set.
-            self._simple_insert_many_txn(
+            self.simple_insert_many_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="e2e_one_time_keys_json",
                 values=[
@@ -350,7 +350,7 @@ class EndToEndKeyWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             WHERE ? < stream_id AND stream_id <= ?
             GROUP BY user_id
         """
-        return self._execute(
+        return self.execute(
             "get_all_user_signature_changes_for_remotes", None, sql, from_key, to_key
         )
 
@@ -367,7 +367,7 @@ class EndToEndKeyStore(EndToEndKeyWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
             set_tag("time_now", time_now)
             set_tag("device_keys", device_keys)
 
-            old_key_json = self._simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
+            old_key_json = self.simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="e2e_device_keys_json",
                 keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "device_id": device_id},
@@ -383,7 +383,7 @@ class EndToEndKeyStore(EndToEndKeyWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
                 log_kv({"Message": "Device key already stored."})
                 return False
 
-            self._simple_upsert_txn(
+            self.simple_upsert_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="e2e_device_keys_json",
                 keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "device_id": device_id},
@@ -442,12 +442,12 @@ class EndToEndKeyStore(EndToEndKeyWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
                     "user_id": user_id,
                 }
             )
-            self._simple_delete_txn(
+            self.simple_delete_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="e2e_device_keys_json",
                 keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "device_id": device_id},
             )
-            self._simple_delete_txn(
+            self.simple_delete_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="e2e_one_time_keys_json",
                 keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "device_id": device_id},
@@ -492,7 +492,7 @@ class EndToEndKeyStore(EndToEndKeyWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
         # The "keys" property must only have one entry, which will be the public
         # key, so we just grab the first value in there
         pubkey = next(iter(key["keys"].values()))
-        self._simple_insert_txn(
+        self.simple_insert_txn(
             txn,
             "devices",
             values={
@@ -505,7 +505,7 @@ class EndToEndKeyStore(EndToEndKeyWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
 
         # and finally, store the key itself
         with self._cross_signing_id_gen.get_next() as stream_id:
-            self._simple_insert_txn(
+            self.simple_insert_txn(
                 txn,
                 "e2e_cross_signing_keys",
                 values={
@@ -539,7 +539,7 @@ class EndToEndKeyStore(EndToEndKeyWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
             user_id (str): the user who made the signatures
             signatures (iterable[SignatureListItem]): signatures to add
         """
-        return self._simple_insert_many(
+        return self.simple_insert_many(
             "e2e_cross_signing_signatures",
             [
                 {
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/event_federation.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/event_federation.py
index 90bef0cd2c..051ac7a8cb 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/event_federation.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/event_federation.py
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ class EventFederationWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SignatureWorkerStore, SQLBas
         Returns
             Deferred[int]
         """
-        rows = yield self._simple_select_many_batch(
+        rows = yield self.simple_select_many_batch(
             table="events",
             column="event_id",
             iterable=event_ids,
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ class EventFederationWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SignatureWorkerStore, SQLBas
             return max(row["depth"] for row in rows)
 
     def _get_oldest_events_in_room_txn(self, txn, room_id):
-        return self._simple_select_onecol_txn(
+        return self.simple_select_onecol_txn(
             txn,
             table="event_backward_extremities",
             keyvalues={"room_id": room_id},
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ class EventFederationWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SignatureWorkerStore, SQLBas
 
     @cached(max_entries=5000, iterable=True)
     def get_latest_event_ids_in_room(self, room_id):
-        return self._simple_select_onecol(
+        return self.simple_select_onecol(
             table="event_forward_extremities",
             keyvalues={"room_id": room_id},
             retcol="event_id",
@@ -271,7 +271,7 @@ class EventFederationWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SignatureWorkerStore, SQLBas
         )
 
     def _get_min_depth_interaction(self, txn, room_id):
-        min_depth = self._simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
+        min_depth = self.simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
             txn,
             table="room_depth",
             keyvalues={"room_id": room_id},
@@ -383,7 +383,7 @@ class EventFederationWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SignatureWorkerStore, SQLBas
         queue = PriorityQueue()
 
         for event_id in event_list:
-            depth = self._simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
+            depth = self.simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="events",
                 keyvalues={"event_id": event_id, "room_id": room_id},
@@ -468,7 +468,7 @@ class EventFederationWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SignatureWorkerStore, SQLBas
         Returns:
             Deferred[list[str]]
         """
-        rows = yield self._simple_select_many_batch(
+        rows = yield self.simple_select_many_batch(
             table="event_edges",
             column="prev_event_id",
             iterable=event_ids,
@@ -508,7 +508,7 @@ class EventFederationStore(EventFederationWorkerStore):
         if min_depth and depth >= min_depth:
             return
 
-        self._simple_upsert_txn(
+        self.simple_upsert_txn(
             txn,
             table="room_depth",
             keyvalues={"room_id": room_id},
@@ -520,7 +520,7 @@ class EventFederationStore(EventFederationWorkerStore):
         For the given event, update the event edges table and forward and
         backward extremities tables.
         """
-        self._simple_insert_many_txn(
+        self.simple_insert_many_txn(
             txn,
             table="event_edges",
             values=[
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/event_push_actions.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/event_push_actions.py
index 04ce21ac66..0a37847cfd 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/event_push_actions.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/event_push_actions.py
@@ -441,7 +441,7 @@ class EventPushActionsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             )
 
         def _add_push_actions_to_staging_txn(txn):
-            # We don't use _simple_insert_many here to avoid the overhead
+            # We don't use simple_insert_many here to avoid the overhead
             # of generating lists of dicts.
 
             sql = """
@@ -472,7 +472,7 @@ class EventPushActionsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         """
 
         try:
-            res = yield self._simple_delete(
+            res = yield self.simple_delete(
                 table="event_push_actions_staging",
                 keyvalues={"event_id": event_id},
                 desc="remove_push_actions_from_staging",
@@ -677,7 +677,7 @@ class EventPushActionsStore(EventPushActionsWorkerStore):
             )
 
         for event, _ in events_and_contexts:
-            user_ids = self._simple_select_onecol_txn(
+            user_ids = self.simple_select_onecol_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="event_push_actions_staging",
                 keyvalues={"event_id": event.event_id},
@@ -844,7 +844,7 @@ class EventPushActionsStore(EventPushActionsWorkerStore):
         the archiving process has caught up or not.
         """
 
-        old_rotate_stream_ordering = self._simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
+        old_rotate_stream_ordering = self.simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
             txn,
             table="event_push_summary_stream_ordering",
             keyvalues={},
@@ -880,7 +880,7 @@ class EventPushActionsStore(EventPushActionsWorkerStore):
         return caught_up
 
     def _rotate_notifs_before_txn(self, txn, rotate_to_stream_ordering):
-        old_rotate_stream_ordering = self._simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
+        old_rotate_stream_ordering = self.simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
             txn,
             table="event_push_summary_stream_ordering",
             keyvalues={},
@@ -912,7 +912,7 @@ class EventPushActionsStore(EventPushActionsWorkerStore):
         # If the `old.user_id` above is NULL then we know there isn't already an
         # entry in the table, so we simply insert it. Otherwise we update the
         # existing table.
-        self._simple_insert_many_txn(
+        self.simple_insert_many_txn(
             txn,
             table="event_push_summary",
             values=[
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/events.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/events.py
index 79c91fe284..98ae69e996 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/events.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/events.py
@@ -432,7 +432,7 @@ class EventsStore(
         # event's auth chain, but its easier for now just to store them (and
         # it doesn't take much storage compared to storing the entire event
         # anyway).
-        self._simple_insert_many_txn(
+        self.simple_insert_many_txn(
             txn,
             table="event_auth",
             values=[
@@ -580,12 +580,12 @@ class EventsStore(
         self, txn, new_forward_extremities, max_stream_order
     ):
         for room_id, new_extrem in iteritems(new_forward_extremities):
-            self._simple_delete_txn(
+            self.simple_delete_txn(
                 txn, table="event_forward_extremities", keyvalues={"room_id": room_id}
             )
             txn.call_after(self.get_latest_event_ids_in_room.invalidate, (room_id,))
 
-        self._simple_insert_many_txn(
+        self.simple_insert_many_txn(
             txn,
             table="event_forward_extremities",
             values=[
@@ -598,7 +598,7 @@ class EventsStore(
         # new stream_ordering to new forward extremeties in the room.
         # This allows us to later efficiently look up the forward extremeties
         # for a room before a given stream_ordering
-        self._simple_insert_many_txn(
+        self.simple_insert_many_txn(
             txn,
             table="stream_ordering_to_exterm",
             values=[
@@ -722,7 +722,7 @@ class EventsStore(
                 # change in outlier status to our workers.
                 stream_order = event.internal_metadata.stream_ordering
                 state_group_id = context.state_group
-                self._simple_insert_txn(
+                self.simple_insert_txn(
                     txn,
                     table="ex_outlier_stream",
                     values={
@@ -794,7 +794,7 @@ class EventsStore(
             d.pop("redacted_because", None)
             return d
 
-        self._simple_insert_many_txn(
+        self.simple_insert_many_txn(
             txn,
             table="event_json",
             values=[
@@ -811,7 +811,7 @@ class EventsStore(
             ],
         )
 
-        self._simple_insert_many_txn(
+        self.simple_insert_many_txn(
             txn,
             table="events",
             values=[
@@ -841,7 +841,7 @@ class EventsStore(
                 # If we're persisting an unredacted event we go and ensure
                 # that we mark any redactions that reference this event as
                 # requiring censoring.
-                self._simple_update_txn(
+                self.simple_update_txn(
                     txn,
                     table="redactions",
                     keyvalues={"redacts": event.event_id},
@@ -983,7 +983,7 @@ class EventsStore(
 
             state_values.append(vals)
 
-        self._simple_insert_many_txn(txn, table="state_events", values=state_values)
+        self.simple_insert_many_txn(txn, table="state_events", values=state_values)
 
         # Prefill the event cache
         self._add_to_cache(txn, events_and_contexts)
@@ -1032,7 +1032,7 @@ class EventsStore(
         # invalidate the cache for the redacted event
         txn.call_after(self._invalidate_get_event_cache, event.redacts)
 
-        self._simple_insert_txn(
+        self.simple_insert_txn(
             txn,
             table="redactions",
             values={
@@ -1077,9 +1077,7 @@ class EventsStore(
             LIMIT ?
         """
 
-        rows = yield self._execute(
-            "_censor_redactions_fetch", None, sql, before_ts, 100
-        )
+        rows = yield self.execute("_censor_redactions_fetch", None, sql, before_ts, 100)
 
         updates = []
 
@@ -1111,7 +1109,7 @@ class EventsStore(
                 if pruned_json:
                     self._censor_event_txn(txn, event_id, pruned_json)
 
-                self._simple_update_one_txn(
+                self.simple_update_one_txn(
                     txn,
                     table="redactions",
                     keyvalues={"event_id": redaction_id},
@@ -1129,7 +1127,7 @@ class EventsStore(
             event_id (str): The ID of the event to censor.
             pruned_json (str): The pruned JSON
         """
-        self._simple_update_one_txn(
+        self.simple_update_one_txn(
             txn,
             table="event_json",
             keyvalues={"event_id": event_id},
@@ -1780,7 +1778,7 @@ class EventsStore(
             "[purge] found %i state groups to delete", len(state_groups_to_delete)
         )
 
-        rows = self._simple_select_many_txn(
+        rows = self.simple_select_many_txn(
             txn,
             table="state_group_edges",
             column="prev_state_group",
@@ -1807,15 +1805,15 @@ class EventsStore(
             curr_state = self._get_state_groups_from_groups_txn(txn, [sg])
             curr_state = curr_state[sg]
 
-            self._simple_delete_txn(
+            self.simple_delete_txn(
                 txn, table="state_groups_state", keyvalues={"state_group": sg}
             )
 
-            self._simple_delete_txn(
+            self.simple_delete_txn(
                 txn, table="state_group_edges", keyvalues={"state_group": sg}
             )
 
-            self._simple_insert_many_txn(
+            self.simple_insert_many_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="state_groups_state",
                 values=[
@@ -1852,7 +1850,7 @@ class EventsStore(
             state group.
         """
 
-        rows = yield self._simple_select_many_batch(
+        rows = yield self.simple_select_many_batch(
             table="state_group_edges",
             column="prev_state_group",
             iterable=state_groups,
@@ -1882,7 +1880,7 @@ class EventsStore(
         # first we have to delete the state groups states
         logger.info("[purge] removing %s from state_groups_state", room_id)
 
-        self._simple_delete_many_txn(
+        self.simple_delete_many_txn(
             txn,
             table="state_groups_state",
             column="state_group",
@@ -1893,7 +1891,7 @@ class EventsStore(
         # ... and the state group edges
         logger.info("[purge] removing %s from state_group_edges", room_id)
 
-        self._simple_delete_many_txn(
+        self.simple_delete_many_txn(
             txn,
             table="state_group_edges",
             column="state_group",
@@ -1904,7 +1902,7 @@ class EventsStore(
         # ... and the state groups
         logger.info("[purge] removing %s from state_groups", room_id)
 
-        self._simple_delete_many_txn(
+        self.simple_delete_many_txn(
             txn,
             table="state_groups",
             column="id",
@@ -1921,7 +1919,7 @@ class EventsStore(
 
     @cachedInlineCallbacks(max_entries=5000)
     def _get_event_ordering(self, event_id):
-        res = yield self._simple_select_one(
+        res = yield self.simple_select_one(
             table="events",
             retcols=["topological_ordering", "stream_ordering"],
             keyvalues={"event_id": event_id},
@@ -1962,7 +1960,7 @@ class EventsStore(
             room_id (str): The ID of the room the event was sent to.
             topological_ordering (int): The position of the event in the room's topology.
         """
-        return self._simple_insert_many_txn(
+        return self.simple_insert_many_txn(
             txn=txn,
             table="event_labels",
             values=[
@@ -1984,7 +1982,7 @@ class EventsStore(
             event_id (str): The event ID the expiry timestamp is associated with.
             expiry_ts (int): The timestamp at which to expire (delete) the event.
         """
-        return self._simple_insert_txn(
+        return self.simple_insert_txn(
             txn=txn,
             table="event_expiry",
             values={"event_id": event_id, "expiry_ts": expiry_ts},
@@ -2043,7 +2041,7 @@ class EventsStore(
             txn (LoggingTransaction): The transaction to use to perform the deletion.
             event_id (str): The event ID to delete the associated expiry timestamp of.
         """
-        return self._simple_delete_txn(
+        return self.simple_delete_txn(
             txn=txn, table="event_expiry", keyvalues={"event_id": event_id}
         )
 
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/events_bg_updates.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/events_bg_updates.py
index aa87f9abc5..37dfc8c871 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/events_bg_updates.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/events_bg_updates.py
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ class EventsBackgroundUpdatesStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
 
             chunks = [event_ids[i : i + 100] for i in range(0, len(event_ids), 100)]
             for chunk in chunks:
-                ev_rows = self._simple_select_many_txn(
+                ev_rows = self.simple_select_many_txn(
                     txn,
                     table="event_json",
                     column="event_id",
@@ -366,7 +366,7 @@ class EventsBackgroundUpdatesStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
 
             to_delete.intersection_update(original_set)
 
-            deleted = self._simple_delete_many_txn(
+            deleted = self.simple_delete_many_txn(
                 txn=txn,
                 table="event_forward_extremities",
                 column="event_id",
@@ -382,7 +382,7 @@ class EventsBackgroundUpdatesStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
 
             if deleted:
                 # We now need to invalidate the caches of these rooms
-                rows = self._simple_select_many_txn(
+                rows = self.simple_select_many_txn(
                     txn,
                     table="events",
                     column="event_id",
@@ -396,7 +396,7 @@ class EventsBackgroundUpdatesStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
                         self.get_latest_event_ids_in_room.invalidate, (room_id,)
                     )
 
-            self._simple_delete_many_txn(
+            self.simple_delete_many_txn(
                 txn=txn,
                 table="_extremities_to_check",
                 column="event_id",
@@ -533,7 +533,7 @@ class EventsBackgroundUpdatesStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
                 try:
                     event_json = json.loads(event_json_raw)
 
-                    self._simple_insert_many_txn(
+                    self.simple_insert_many_txn(
                         txn=txn,
                         table="event_labels",
                         values=[
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/events_worker.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/events_worker.py
index e782e8f481..ec4af29299 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/events_worker.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/events_worker.py
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ class EventsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             Deferred[int|None]: Timestamp in milliseconds, or None for events
             that were persisted before received_ts was implemented.
         """
-        return self._simple_select_one_onecol(
+        return self.simple_select_one_onecol(
             table="events",
             keyvalues={"event_id": event_id},
             retcol="received_ts",
@@ -452,7 +452,7 @@ class EventsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                     event_id for events, _ in event_list for event_id in events
                 )
 
-                row_dict = self._new_transaction(
+                row_dict = self.new_transaction(
                     conn, "do_fetch", [], [], self._fetch_event_rows, events_to_fetch
                 )
 
@@ -745,7 +745,7 @@ class EventsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         """Given a list of event ids, check if we have already processed and
         stored them as non outliers.
         """
-        rows = yield self._simple_select_many_batch(
+        rows = yield self.simple_select_many_batch(
             table="events",
             retcols=("event_id",),
             column="event_id",
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/filtering.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/filtering.py
index f05ace299a..17ef7b9354 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/filtering.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/filtering.py
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ class FilteringStore(SQLBaseStore):
         except ValueError:
             raise SynapseError(400, "Invalid filter ID", Codes.INVALID_PARAM)
 
-        def_json = yield self._simple_select_one_onecol(
+        def_json = yield self.simple_select_one_onecol(
             table="user_filters",
             keyvalues={"user_id": user_localpart, "filter_id": filter_id},
             retcol="filter_json",
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/group_server.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/group_server.py
index 5ded539af8..9e1d12bcb7 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/group_server.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/group_server.py
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
          * "invite"
          * "open"
         """
-        return self._simple_update_one(
+        return self.simple_update_one(
             table="groups",
             keyvalues={"group_id": group_id},
             updatevalues={"join_policy": join_policy},
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         )
 
     def get_group(self, group_id):
-        return self._simple_select_one(
+        return self.simple_select_one(
             table="groups",
             keyvalues={"group_id": group_id},
             retcols=(
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         if not include_private:
             keyvalues["is_public"] = True
 
-        return self._simple_select_list(
+        return self.simple_select_list(
             table="group_users",
             keyvalues=keyvalues,
             retcols=("user_id", "is_public", "is_admin"),
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
     def get_invited_users_in_group(self, group_id):
         # TODO: Pagination
 
-        return self._simple_select_onecol(
+        return self.simple_select_onecol(
             table="group_invites",
             keyvalues={"group_id": group_id},
             retcol="user_id",
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         if not include_private:
             keyvalues["is_public"] = True
 
-        return self._simple_select_list(
+        return self.simple_select_list(
             table="group_rooms",
             keyvalues=keyvalues,
             retcols=("room_id", "is_public"),
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 an order of 1 will put the room first. Otherwise, the room gets
                 added to the end.
         """
-        room_in_group = self._simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
+        room_in_group = self.simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
             txn,
             table="group_rooms",
             keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "room_id": room_id},
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         if category_id is None:
             category_id = _DEFAULT_CATEGORY_ID
         else:
-            cat_exists = self._simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
+            cat_exists = self.simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="group_room_categories",
                 keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "category_id": category_id},
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 raise SynapseError(400, "Category doesn't exist")
 
             # TODO: Check category is part of summary already
-            cat_exists = self._simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
+            cat_exists = self.simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="group_summary_room_categories",
                 keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "category_id": category_id},
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                     (group_id, category_id, group_id, category_id),
                 )
 
-        existing = self._simple_select_one_txn(
+        existing = self.simple_select_one_txn(
             txn,
             table="group_summary_rooms",
             keyvalues={
@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 to_update["room_order"] = order
             if is_public is not None:
                 to_update["is_public"] = is_public
-            self._simple_update_txn(
+            self.simple_update_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="group_summary_rooms",
                 keyvalues={
@@ -271,7 +271,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             if is_public is None:
                 is_public = True
 
-            self._simple_insert_txn(
+            self.simple_insert_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="group_summary_rooms",
                 values={
@@ -287,7 +287,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         if category_id is None:
             category_id = _DEFAULT_CATEGORY_ID
 
-        return self._simple_delete(
+        return self.simple_delete(
             table="group_summary_rooms",
             keyvalues={
                 "group_id": group_id,
@@ -299,7 +299,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_group_categories(self, group_id):
-        rows = yield self._simple_select_list(
+        rows = yield self.simple_select_list(
             table="group_room_categories",
             keyvalues={"group_id": group_id},
             retcols=("category_id", "is_public", "profile"),
@@ -316,7 +316,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_group_category(self, group_id, category_id):
-        category = yield self._simple_select_one(
+        category = yield self.simple_select_one(
             table="group_room_categories",
             keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "category_id": category_id},
             retcols=("is_public", "profile"),
@@ -343,7 +343,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         else:
             update_values["is_public"] = is_public
 
-        return self._simple_upsert(
+        return self.simple_upsert(
             table="group_room_categories",
             keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "category_id": category_id},
             values=update_values,
@@ -352,7 +352,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         )
 
     def remove_group_category(self, group_id, category_id):
-        return self._simple_delete(
+        return self.simple_delete(
             table="group_room_categories",
             keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "category_id": category_id},
             desc="remove_group_category",
@@ -360,7 +360,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_group_roles(self, group_id):
-        rows = yield self._simple_select_list(
+        rows = yield self.simple_select_list(
             table="group_roles",
             keyvalues={"group_id": group_id},
             retcols=("role_id", "is_public", "profile"),
@@ -377,7 +377,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_group_role(self, group_id, role_id):
-        role = yield self._simple_select_one(
+        role = yield self.simple_select_one(
             table="group_roles",
             keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "role_id": role_id},
             retcols=("is_public", "profile"),
@@ -404,7 +404,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         else:
             update_values["is_public"] = is_public
 
-        return self._simple_upsert(
+        return self.simple_upsert(
             table="group_roles",
             keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "role_id": role_id},
             values=update_values,
@@ -413,7 +413,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         )
 
     def remove_group_role(self, group_id, role_id):
-        return self._simple_delete(
+        return self.simple_delete(
             table="group_roles",
             keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "role_id": role_id},
             desc="remove_group_role",
@@ -444,7 +444,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 an order of 1 will put the user first. Otherwise, the user gets
                 added to the end.
         """
-        user_in_group = self._simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
+        user_in_group = self.simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
             txn,
             table="group_users",
             keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
@@ -457,7 +457,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         if role_id is None:
             role_id = _DEFAULT_ROLE_ID
         else:
-            role_exists = self._simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
+            role_exists = self.simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="group_roles",
                 keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "role_id": role_id},
@@ -468,7 +468,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 raise SynapseError(400, "Role doesn't exist")
 
             # TODO: Check role is part of the summary already
-            role_exists = self._simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
+            role_exists = self.simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="group_summary_roles",
                 keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "role_id": role_id},
@@ -488,7 +488,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                     (group_id, role_id, group_id, role_id),
                 )
 
-        existing = self._simple_select_one_txn(
+        existing = self.simple_select_one_txn(
             txn,
             table="group_summary_users",
             keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id, "role_id": role_id},
@@ -517,7 +517,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 to_update["user_order"] = order
             if is_public is not None:
                 to_update["is_public"] = is_public
-            self._simple_update_txn(
+            self.simple_update_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="group_summary_users",
                 keyvalues={
@@ -531,7 +531,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             if is_public is None:
                 is_public = True
 
-            self._simple_insert_txn(
+            self.simple_insert_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="group_summary_users",
                 values={
@@ -547,7 +547,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         if role_id is None:
             role_id = _DEFAULT_ROLE_ID
 
-        return self._simple_delete(
+        return self.simple_delete(
             table="group_summary_users",
             keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "role_id": role_id, "user_id": user_id},
             desc="remove_user_from_summary",
@@ -561,7 +561,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             Deferred[list[str]]: A twisted.Deferred containing a list of group ids
                 containing this room
         """
-        return self._simple_select_onecol(
+        return self.simple_select_onecol(
             table="group_rooms",
             keyvalues={"room_id": room_id},
             retcol="group_id",
@@ -630,7 +630,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         )
 
     def is_user_in_group(self, user_id, group_id):
-        return self._simple_select_one_onecol(
+        return self.simple_select_one_onecol(
             table="group_users",
             keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
             retcol="user_id",
@@ -639,7 +639,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         ).addCallback(lambda r: bool(r))
 
     def is_user_admin_in_group(self, group_id, user_id):
-        return self._simple_select_one_onecol(
+        return self.simple_select_one_onecol(
             table="group_users",
             keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
             retcol="is_admin",
@@ -650,7 +650,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
     def add_group_invite(self, group_id, user_id):
         """Record that the group server has invited a user
         """
-        return self._simple_insert(
+        return self.simple_insert(
             table="group_invites",
             values={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
             desc="add_group_invite",
@@ -659,7 +659,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
     def is_user_invited_to_local_group(self, group_id, user_id):
         """Has the group server invited a user?
         """
-        return self._simple_select_one_onecol(
+        return self.simple_select_one_onecol(
             table="group_invites",
             keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
             retcol="user_id",
@@ -682,7 +682,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         """
 
         def _get_users_membership_in_group_txn(txn):
-            row = self._simple_select_one_txn(
+            row = self.simple_select_one_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="group_users",
                 keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
@@ -697,7 +697,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                     "is_privileged": row["is_admin"],
                 }
 
-            row = self._simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
+            row = self.simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="group_invites",
                 keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
@@ -738,7 +738,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         """
 
         def _add_user_to_group_txn(txn):
-            self._simple_insert_txn(
+            self.simple_insert_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="group_users",
                 values={
@@ -749,14 +749,14 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 },
             )
 
-            self._simple_delete_txn(
+            self.simple_delete_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="group_invites",
                 keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
             )
 
             if local_attestation:
-                self._simple_insert_txn(
+                self.simple_insert_txn(
                     txn,
                     table="group_attestations_renewals",
                     values={
@@ -766,7 +766,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                     },
                 )
             if remote_attestation:
-                self._simple_insert_txn(
+                self.simple_insert_txn(
                     txn,
                     table="group_attestations_remote",
                     values={
@@ -781,27 +781,27 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
     def remove_user_from_group(self, group_id, user_id):
         def _remove_user_from_group_txn(txn):
-            self._simple_delete_txn(
+            self.simple_delete_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="group_users",
                 keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
             )
-            self._simple_delete_txn(
+            self.simple_delete_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="group_invites",
                 keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
             )
-            self._simple_delete_txn(
+            self.simple_delete_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="group_attestations_renewals",
                 keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
             )
-            self._simple_delete_txn(
+            self.simple_delete_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="group_attestations_remote",
                 keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
             )
-            self._simple_delete_txn(
+            self.simple_delete_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="group_summary_users",
                 keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
@@ -812,14 +812,14 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         )
 
     def add_room_to_group(self, group_id, room_id, is_public):
-        return self._simple_insert(
+        return self.simple_insert(
             table="group_rooms",
             values={"group_id": group_id, "room_id": room_id, "is_public": is_public},
             desc="add_room_to_group",
         )
 
     def update_room_in_group_visibility(self, group_id, room_id, is_public):
-        return self._simple_update(
+        return self.simple_update(
             table="group_rooms",
             keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "room_id": room_id},
             updatevalues={"is_public": is_public},
@@ -828,13 +828,13 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
     def remove_room_from_group(self, group_id, room_id):
         def _remove_room_from_group_txn(txn):
-            self._simple_delete_txn(
+            self.simple_delete_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="group_rooms",
                 keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "room_id": room_id},
             )
 
-            self._simple_delete_txn(
+            self.simple_delete_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="group_summary_rooms",
                 keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "room_id": room_id},
@@ -847,7 +847,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
     def get_publicised_groups_for_user(self, user_id):
         """Get all groups a user is publicising
         """
-        return self._simple_select_onecol(
+        return self.simple_select_onecol(
             table="local_group_membership",
             keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "membership": "join", "is_publicised": True},
             retcol="group_id",
@@ -857,7 +857,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
     def update_group_publicity(self, group_id, user_id, publicise):
         """Update whether the user is publicising their membership of the group
         """
-        return self._simple_update_one(
+        return self.simple_update_one(
             table="local_group_membership",
             keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
             updatevalues={"is_publicised": publicise},
@@ -893,12 +893,12 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
         def _register_user_group_membership_txn(txn, next_id):
             # TODO: Upsert?
-            self._simple_delete_txn(
+            self.simple_delete_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="local_group_membership",
                 keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
             )
-            self._simple_insert_txn(
+            self.simple_insert_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="local_group_membership",
                 values={
@@ -911,7 +911,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 },
             )
 
-            self._simple_insert_txn(
+            self.simple_insert_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="local_group_updates",
                 values={
@@ -930,7 +930,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
             if membership == "join":
                 if local_attestation:
-                    self._simple_insert_txn(
+                    self.simple_insert_txn(
                         txn,
                         table="group_attestations_renewals",
                         values={
@@ -940,7 +940,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                         },
                     )
                 if remote_attestation:
-                    self._simple_insert_txn(
+                    self.simple_insert_txn(
                         txn,
                         table="group_attestations_remote",
                         values={
@@ -951,12 +951,12 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                         },
                     )
             else:
-                self._simple_delete_txn(
+                self.simple_delete_txn(
                     txn,
                     table="group_attestations_renewals",
                     keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
                 )
-                self._simple_delete_txn(
+                self.simple_delete_txn(
                     txn,
                     table="group_attestations_remote",
                     keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
@@ -976,7 +976,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
     def create_group(
         self, group_id, user_id, name, avatar_url, short_description, long_description
     ):
-        yield self._simple_insert(
+        yield self.simple_insert(
             table="groups",
             values={
                 "group_id": group_id,
@@ -991,7 +991,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def update_group_profile(self, group_id, profile):
-        yield self._simple_update_one(
+        yield self.simple_update_one(
             table="groups",
             keyvalues={"group_id": group_id},
             updatevalues=profile,
@@ -1017,7 +1017,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
     def update_attestation_renewal(self, group_id, user_id, attestation):
         """Update an attestation that we have renewed
         """
-        return self._simple_update_one(
+        return self.simple_update_one(
             table="group_attestations_renewals",
             keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
             updatevalues={"valid_until_ms": attestation["valid_until_ms"]},
@@ -1027,7 +1027,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
     def update_remote_attestion(self, group_id, user_id, attestation):
         """Update an attestation that a remote has renewed
         """
-        return self._simple_update_one(
+        return self.simple_update_one(
             table="group_attestations_remote",
             keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
             updatevalues={
@@ -1046,7 +1046,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             group_id (str)
             user_id (str)
         """
-        return self._simple_delete(
+        return self.simple_delete(
             table="group_attestations_renewals",
             keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
             desc="remove_attestation_renewal",
@@ -1057,7 +1057,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         """Get the attestation that proves the remote agrees that the user is
         in the group.
         """
-        row = yield self._simple_select_one(
+        row = yield self.simple_select_one(
             table="group_attestations_remote",
             keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
             retcols=("valid_until_ms", "attestation_json"),
@@ -1072,7 +1072,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         return None
 
     def get_joined_groups(self, user_id):
-        return self._simple_select_onecol(
+        return self.simple_select_onecol(
             table="local_group_membership",
             keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "membership": "join"},
             retcol="group_id",
@@ -1188,7 +1188,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             ]
 
             for table in tables:
-                self._simple_delete_txn(
+                self.simple_delete_txn(
                     txn, table=table, keyvalues={"group_id": group_id}
                 )
 
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/keys.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/keys.py
index ebc7db3ed6..c7150432b3 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/keys.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/keys.py
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ class KeyStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
         return self.runInteraction(
             "store_server_verify_keys",
-            self._simple_upsert_many_txn,
+            self.simple_upsert_many_txn,
             table="server_signature_keys",
             key_names=("server_name", "key_id"),
             key_values=key_values,
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ class KeyStore(SQLBaseStore):
             ts_valid_until_ms (int): The time when this json stops being valid.
             key_json (bytes): The encoded JSON.
         """
-        return self._simple_upsert(
+        return self.simple_upsert(
             table="server_keys_json",
             keyvalues={
                 "server_name": server_name,
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ class KeyStore(SQLBaseStore):
                     keyvalues["key_id"] = key_id
                 if from_server is not None:
                     keyvalues["from_server"] = from_server
-                rows = self._simple_select_list_txn(
+                rows = self.simple_select_list_txn(
                     txn,
                     "server_keys_json",
                     keyvalues=keyvalues,
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/media_repository.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/media_repository.py
index 0f2887bdce..0cb9446f96 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/media_repository.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/media_repository.py
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ class MediaRepositoryStore(MediaRepositoryBackgroundUpdateStore):
         Returns:
             None if the media_id doesn't exist.
         """
-        return self._simple_select_one(
+        return self.simple_select_one(
             "local_media_repository",
             {"media_id": media_id},
             (
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ class MediaRepositoryStore(MediaRepositoryBackgroundUpdateStore):
         user_id,
         url_cache=None,
     ):
-        return self._simple_insert(
+        return self.simple_insert(
             "local_media_repository",
             {
                 "media_id": media_id,
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ class MediaRepositoryStore(MediaRepositoryBackgroundUpdateStore):
     def store_url_cache(
         self, url, response_code, etag, expires_ts, og, media_id, download_ts
     ):
-        return self._simple_insert(
+        return self.simple_insert(
             "local_media_repository_url_cache",
             {
                 "url": url,
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ class MediaRepositoryStore(MediaRepositoryBackgroundUpdateStore):
         )
 
     def get_local_media_thumbnails(self, media_id):
-        return self._simple_select_list(
+        return self.simple_select_list(
             "local_media_repository_thumbnails",
             {"media_id": media_id},
             (
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ class MediaRepositoryStore(MediaRepositoryBackgroundUpdateStore):
         thumbnail_method,
         thumbnail_length,
     ):
-        return self._simple_insert(
+        return self.simple_insert(
             "local_media_repository_thumbnails",
             {
                 "media_id": media_id,
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ class MediaRepositoryStore(MediaRepositoryBackgroundUpdateStore):
         )
 
     def get_cached_remote_media(self, origin, media_id):
-        return self._simple_select_one(
+        return self.simple_select_one(
             "remote_media_cache",
             {"media_origin": origin, "media_id": media_id},
             (
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ class MediaRepositoryStore(MediaRepositoryBackgroundUpdateStore):
         upload_name,
         filesystem_id,
     ):
-        return self._simple_insert(
+        return self.simple_insert(
             "remote_media_cache",
             {
                 "media_origin": origin,
@@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ class MediaRepositoryStore(MediaRepositoryBackgroundUpdateStore):
         return self.runInteraction("update_cached_last_access_time", update_cache_txn)
 
     def get_remote_media_thumbnails(self, origin, media_id):
-        return self._simple_select_list(
+        return self.simple_select_list(
             "remote_media_cache_thumbnails",
             {"media_origin": origin, "media_id": media_id},
             (
@@ -278,7 +278,7 @@ class MediaRepositoryStore(MediaRepositoryBackgroundUpdateStore):
         thumbnail_method,
         thumbnail_length,
     ):
-        return self._simple_insert(
+        return self.simple_insert(
             "remote_media_cache_thumbnails",
             {
                 "media_origin": origin,
@@ -300,18 +300,18 @@ class MediaRepositoryStore(MediaRepositoryBackgroundUpdateStore):
             " WHERE last_access_ts < ?"
         )
 
-        return self._execute(
+        return self.execute(
             "get_remote_media_before", self.cursor_to_dict, sql, before_ts
         )
 
     def delete_remote_media(self, media_origin, media_id):
         def delete_remote_media_txn(txn):
-            self._simple_delete_txn(
+            self.simple_delete_txn(
                 txn,
                 "remote_media_cache",
                 keyvalues={"media_origin": media_origin, "media_id": media_id},
             )
-            self._simple_delete_txn(
+            self.simple_delete_txn(
                 txn,
                 "remote_media_cache_thumbnails",
                 keyvalues={"media_origin": media_origin, "media_id": media_id},
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/monthly_active_users.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/monthly_active_users.py
index b41c3d317a..b8fc28f97b 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/monthly_active_users.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/monthly_active_users.py
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ class MonthlyActiveUsersStore(SQLBaseStore):
         self._clock = hs.get_clock()
         self.hs = hs
         # Do not add more reserved users than the total allowable number
-        self._new_transaction(
+        self.new_transaction(
             dbconn,
             "initialise_mau_threepids",
             [],
@@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ class MonthlyActiveUsersStore(SQLBaseStore):
         # never be a big table and alternative approaches (batching multiple
         # upserts into a single txn) introduced a lot of extra complexity.
         # See https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/3854 for more
-        is_insert = self._simple_upsert_txn(
+        is_insert = self.simple_upsert_txn(
             txn,
             table="monthly_active_users",
             keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
@@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ class MonthlyActiveUsersStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
         """
 
-        return self._simple_select_one_onecol(
+        return self.simple_select_one_onecol(
             table="monthly_active_users",
             keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
             retcol="timestamp",
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/openid.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/openid.py
index 79b40044d9..650e49750e 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/openid.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/openid.py
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ from synapse.storage._base import SQLBaseStore
 
 class OpenIdStore(SQLBaseStore):
     def insert_open_id_token(self, token, ts_valid_until_ms, user_id):
-        return self._simple_insert(
+        return self.simple_insert(
             table="open_id_tokens",
             values={
                 "token": token,
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/presence.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/presence.py
index 523ed6575e..a5e121efd1 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/presence.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/presence.py
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ class PresenceStore(SQLBaseStore):
             txn.call_after(self._get_presence_for_user.invalidate, (state.user_id,))
 
         # Actually insert new rows
-        self._simple_insert_many_txn(
+        self.simple_insert_many_txn(
             txn,
             table="presence_stream",
             values=[
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ class PresenceStore(SQLBaseStore):
         inlineCallbacks=True,
     )
     def get_presence_for_users(self, user_ids):
-        rows = yield self._simple_select_many_batch(
+        rows = yield self.simple_select_many_batch(
             table="presence_stream",
             column="user_id",
             iterable=user_ids,
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ class PresenceStore(SQLBaseStore):
         return self._presence_id_gen.get_current_token()
 
     def allow_presence_visible(self, observed_localpart, observer_userid):
-        return self._simple_insert(
+        return self.simple_insert(
             table="presence_allow_inbound",
             values={
                 "observed_user_id": observed_localpart,
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ class PresenceStore(SQLBaseStore):
         )
 
     def disallow_presence_visible(self, observed_localpart, observer_userid):
-        return self._simple_delete_one(
+        return self.simple_delete_one(
             table="presence_allow_inbound",
             keyvalues={
                 "observed_user_id": observed_localpart,
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/profile.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/profile.py
index e4e8a1c1d6..c8b5b60301 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/profile.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/profile.py
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ class ProfileWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_profileinfo(self, user_localpart):
         try:
-            profile = yield self._simple_select_one(
+            profile = yield self.simple_select_one(
                 table="profiles",
                 keyvalues={"user_id": user_localpart},
                 retcols=("displayname", "avatar_url"),
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ class ProfileWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         )
 
     def get_profile_displayname(self, user_localpart):
-        return self._simple_select_one_onecol(
+        return self.simple_select_one_onecol(
             table="profiles",
             keyvalues={"user_id": user_localpart},
             retcol="displayname",
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ class ProfileWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         )
 
     def get_profile_avatar_url(self, user_localpart):
-        return self._simple_select_one_onecol(
+        return self.simple_select_one_onecol(
             table="profiles",
             keyvalues={"user_id": user_localpart},
             retcol="avatar_url",
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ class ProfileWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         )
 
     def get_from_remote_profile_cache(self, user_id):
-        return self._simple_select_one(
+        return self.simple_select_one(
             table="remote_profile_cache",
             keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
             retcols=("displayname", "avatar_url"),
@@ -67,12 +67,12 @@ class ProfileWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         )
 
     def create_profile(self, user_localpart):
-        return self._simple_insert(
+        return self.simple_insert(
             table="profiles", values={"user_id": user_localpart}, desc="create_profile"
         )
 
     def set_profile_displayname(self, user_localpart, new_displayname):
-        return self._simple_update_one(
+        return self.simple_update_one(
             table="profiles",
             keyvalues={"user_id": user_localpart},
             updatevalues={"displayname": new_displayname},
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ class ProfileWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         )
 
     def set_profile_avatar_url(self, user_localpart, new_avatar_url):
-        return self._simple_update_one(
+        return self.simple_update_one(
             table="profiles",
             keyvalues={"user_id": user_localpart},
             updatevalues={"avatar_url": new_avatar_url},
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ class ProfileStore(ProfileWorkerStore):
         This should only be called when `is_subscribed_remote_profile_for_user`
         would return true for the user.
         """
-        return self._simple_upsert(
+        return self.simple_upsert(
             table="remote_profile_cache",
             keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
             values={
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ class ProfileStore(ProfileWorkerStore):
         )
 
     def update_remote_profile_cache(self, user_id, displayname, avatar_url):
-        return self._simple_update(
+        return self.simple_update(
             table="remote_profile_cache",
             keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
             values={
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ class ProfileStore(ProfileWorkerStore):
         """
         subscribed = yield self.is_subscribed_remote_profile_for_user(user_id)
         if not subscribed:
-            yield self._simple_delete(
+            yield self.simple_delete(
                 table="remote_profile_cache",
                 keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
                 desc="delete_remote_profile_cache",
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ class ProfileStore(ProfileWorkerStore):
     def is_subscribed_remote_profile_for_user(self, user_id):
         """Check whether we are interested in a remote user's profile.
         """
-        res = yield self._simple_select_one_onecol(
+        res = yield self.simple_select_one_onecol(
             table="group_users",
             keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
             retcol="user_id",
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ class ProfileStore(ProfileWorkerStore):
         if res:
             return True
 
-        res = yield self._simple_select_one_onecol(
+        res = yield self.simple_select_one_onecol(
             table="group_invites",
             keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
             retcol="user_id",
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/push_rule.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/push_rule.py
index b520062d84..75bd499bcd 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/push_rule.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/push_rule.py
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ class PushRulesWorkerStore(
     def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
         super(PushRulesWorkerStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
 
-        push_rules_prefill, push_rules_id = self._get_cache_dict(
+        push_rules_prefill, push_rules_id = self.get_cache_dict(
             db_conn,
             "push_rules_stream",
             entity_column="user_id",
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ class PushRulesWorkerStore(
 
     @cachedInlineCallbacks(max_entries=5000)
     def get_push_rules_for_user(self, user_id):
-        rows = yield self._simple_select_list(
+        rows = yield self.simple_select_list(
             table="push_rules",
             keyvalues={"user_name": user_id},
             retcols=(
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ class PushRulesWorkerStore(
 
     @cachedInlineCallbacks(max_entries=5000)
     def get_push_rules_enabled_for_user(self, user_id):
-        results = yield self._simple_select_list(
+        results = yield self.simple_select_list(
             table="push_rules_enable",
             keyvalues={"user_name": user_id},
             retcols=("user_name", "rule_id", "enabled"),
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ class PushRulesWorkerStore(
 
         results = {user_id: [] for user_id in user_ids}
 
-        rows = yield self._simple_select_many_batch(
+        rows = yield self.simple_select_many_batch(
             table="push_rules",
             column="user_name",
             iterable=user_ids,
@@ -320,7 +320,7 @@ class PushRulesWorkerStore(
 
         results = {user_id: {} for user_id in user_ids}
 
-        rows = yield self._simple_select_many_batch(
+        rows = yield self.simple_select_many_batch(
             table="push_rules_enable",
             column="user_name",
             iterable=user_ids,
@@ -395,7 +395,7 @@ class PushRuleStore(PushRulesWorkerStore):
 
         relative_to_rule = before or after
 
-        res = self._simple_select_one_txn(
+        res = self.simple_select_one_txn(
             txn,
             table="push_rules",
             keyvalues={"user_name": user_id, "rule_id": relative_to_rule},
@@ -499,7 +499,7 @@ class PushRuleStore(PushRulesWorkerStore):
         actions_json,
         update_stream=True,
     ):
-        """Specialised version of _simple_upsert_txn that picks a push_rule_id
+        """Specialised version of simple_upsert_txn that picks a push_rule_id
         using the _push_rule_id_gen if it needs to insert the rule. It assumes
         that the "push_rules" table is locked"""
 
@@ -518,7 +518,7 @@ class PushRuleStore(PushRulesWorkerStore):
             # We didn't update a row with the given rule_id so insert one
             push_rule_id = self._push_rule_id_gen.get_next()
 
-            self._simple_insert_txn(
+            self.simple_insert_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="push_rules",
                 values={
@@ -561,7 +561,7 @@ class PushRuleStore(PushRulesWorkerStore):
         """
 
         def delete_push_rule_txn(txn, stream_id, event_stream_ordering):
-            self._simple_delete_one_txn(
+            self.simple_delete_one_txn(
                 txn, "push_rules", {"user_name": user_id, "rule_id": rule_id}
             )
 
@@ -596,7 +596,7 @@ class PushRuleStore(PushRulesWorkerStore):
         self, txn, stream_id, event_stream_ordering, user_id, rule_id, enabled
     ):
         new_id = self._push_rules_enable_id_gen.get_next()
-        self._simple_upsert_txn(
+        self.simple_upsert_txn(
             txn,
             "push_rules_enable",
             {"user_name": user_id, "rule_id": rule_id},
@@ -636,7 +636,7 @@ class PushRuleStore(PushRulesWorkerStore):
                     update_stream=False,
                 )
             else:
-                self._simple_update_one_txn(
+                self.simple_update_one_txn(
                     txn,
                     "push_rules",
                     {"user_name": user_id, "rule_id": rule_id},
@@ -675,7 +675,7 @@ class PushRuleStore(PushRulesWorkerStore):
         if data is not None:
             values.update(data)
 
-        self._simple_insert_txn(txn, "push_rules_stream", values=values)
+        self.simple_insert_txn(txn, "push_rules_stream", values=values)
 
         txn.call_after(self.get_push_rules_for_user.invalidate, (user_id,))
         txn.call_after(self.get_push_rules_enabled_for_user.invalidate, (user_id,))
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/pusher.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/pusher.py
index d76861cdc0..d5a169872b 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/pusher.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/pusher.py
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ class PusherWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def user_has_pusher(self, user_id):
-        ret = yield self._simple_select_one_onecol(
+        ret = yield self.simple_select_one_onecol(
             "pushers", {"user_name": user_id}, "id", allow_none=True
         )
         return ret is not None
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ class PusherWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_pushers_by(self, keyvalues):
-        ret = yield self._simple_select_list(
+        ret = yield self.simple_select_list(
             "pushers",
             keyvalues,
             [
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ class PusherWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         inlineCallbacks=True,
     )
     def get_if_users_have_pushers(self, user_ids):
-        rows = yield self._simple_select_many_batch(
+        rows = yield self.simple_select_many_batch(
             table="pushers",
             column="user_name",
             iterable=user_ids,
@@ -229,8 +229,8 @@ class PusherStore(PusherWorkerStore):
     ):
         with self._pushers_id_gen.get_next() as stream_id:
             # no need to lock because `pushers` has a unique key on
-            # (app_id, pushkey, user_name) so _simple_upsert will retry
-            yield self._simple_upsert(
+            # (app_id, pushkey, user_name) so simple_upsert will retry
+            yield self.simple_upsert(
                 table="pushers",
                 keyvalues={"app_id": app_id, "pushkey": pushkey, "user_name": user_id},
                 values={
@@ -269,7 +269,7 @@ class PusherStore(PusherWorkerStore):
                 txn, self.get_if_user_has_pusher, (user_id,)
             )
 
-            self._simple_delete_one_txn(
+            self.simple_delete_one_txn(
                 txn,
                 "pushers",
                 {"app_id": app_id, "pushkey": pushkey, "user_name": user_id},
@@ -278,7 +278,7 @@ class PusherStore(PusherWorkerStore):
             # it's possible for us to end up with duplicate rows for
             # (app_id, pushkey, user_id) at different stream_ids, but that
             # doesn't really matter.
-            self._simple_insert_txn(
+            self.simple_insert_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="deleted_pushers",
                 values={
@@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ class PusherStore(PusherWorkerStore):
     def update_pusher_last_stream_ordering(
         self, app_id, pushkey, user_id, last_stream_ordering
     ):
-        yield self._simple_update_one(
+        yield self.simple_update_one(
             "pushers",
             {"app_id": app_id, "pushkey": pushkey, "user_name": user_id},
             {"last_stream_ordering": last_stream_ordering},
@@ -319,7 +319,7 @@ class PusherStore(PusherWorkerStore):
         Returns:
             Deferred[bool]: True if the pusher still exists; False if it has been deleted.
         """
-        updated = yield self._simple_update(
+        updated = yield self.simple_update(
             table="pushers",
             keyvalues={"app_id": app_id, "pushkey": pushkey, "user_name": user_id},
             updatevalues={
@@ -333,7 +333,7 @@ class PusherStore(PusherWorkerStore):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def update_pusher_failing_since(self, app_id, pushkey, user_id, failing_since):
-        yield self._simple_update(
+        yield self.simple_update(
             table="pushers",
             keyvalues={"app_id": app_id, "pushkey": pushkey, "user_name": user_id},
             updatevalues={"failing_since": failing_since},
@@ -342,7 +342,7 @@ class PusherStore(PusherWorkerStore):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_throttle_params_by_room(self, pusher_id):
-        res = yield self._simple_select_list(
+        res = yield self.simple_select_list(
             "pusher_throttle",
             {"pusher": pusher_id},
             ["room_id", "last_sent_ts", "throttle_ms"],
@@ -361,8 +361,8 @@ class PusherStore(PusherWorkerStore):
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def set_throttle_params(self, pusher_id, room_id, params):
         # no need to lock because `pusher_throttle` has a primary key on
-        # (pusher, room_id) so _simple_upsert will retry
-        yield self._simple_upsert(
+        # (pusher, room_id) so simple_upsert will retry
+        yield self.simple_upsert(
             "pusher_throttle",
             {"pusher": pusher_id, "room_id": room_id},
             params,
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/receipts.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/receipts.py
index 8b17334ff4..380f388e30 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/receipts.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/receipts.py
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ class ReceiptsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
     @cached(num_args=2)
     def get_receipts_for_room(self, room_id, receipt_type):
-        return self._simple_select_list(
+        return self.simple_select_list(
             table="receipts_linearized",
             keyvalues={"room_id": room_id, "receipt_type": receipt_type},
             retcols=("user_id", "event_id"),
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ class ReceiptsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
     @cached(num_args=3)
     def get_last_receipt_event_id_for_user(self, user_id, room_id, receipt_type):
-        return self._simple_select_one_onecol(
+        return self.simple_select_one_onecol(
             table="receipts_linearized",
             keyvalues={
                 "room_id": room_id,
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ class ReceiptsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
     @cachedInlineCallbacks(num_args=2)
     def get_receipts_for_user(self, user_id, receipt_type):
-        rows = yield self._simple_select_list(
+        rows = yield self.simple_select_list(
             table="receipts_linearized",
             keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "receipt_type": receipt_type},
             retcols=("room_id", "event_id"),
@@ -335,7 +335,7 @@ class ReceiptsStore(ReceiptsWorkerStore):
             otherwise, the rx timestamp of the event that the RR corresponds to
                 (or 0 if the event is unknown)
         """
-        res = self._simple_select_one_txn(
+        res = self.simple_select_one_txn(
             txn,
             table="events",
             retcols=["stream_ordering", "received_ts"],
@@ -388,7 +388,7 @@ class ReceiptsStore(ReceiptsWorkerStore):
             (user_id, room_id, receipt_type),
         )
 
-        self._simple_delete_txn(
+        self.simple_delete_txn(
             txn,
             table="receipts_linearized",
             keyvalues={
@@ -398,7 +398,7 @@ class ReceiptsStore(ReceiptsWorkerStore):
             },
         )
 
-        self._simple_insert_txn(
+        self.simple_insert_txn(
             txn,
             table="receipts_linearized",
             values={
@@ -514,7 +514,7 @@ class ReceiptsStore(ReceiptsWorkerStore):
             self._get_linearized_receipts_for_room.invalidate_many, (room_id,)
         )
 
-        self._simple_delete_txn(
+        self.simple_delete_txn(
             txn,
             table="receipts_graph",
             keyvalues={
@@ -523,7 +523,7 @@ class ReceiptsStore(ReceiptsWorkerStore):
                 "user_id": user_id,
             },
         )
-        self._simple_insert_txn(
+        self.simple_insert_txn(
             txn,
             table="receipts_graph",
             values={
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/registration.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/registration.py
index 653c9318cb..debc6706f5 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/registration.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/registration.py
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
     @cached()
     def get_user_by_id(self, user_id):
-        return self._simple_select_one(
+        return self.simple_select_one(
             table="users",
             keyvalues={"name": user_id},
             retcols=[
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 otherwise int representation of the timestamp (as a number of
                 milliseconds since epoch).
         """
-        res = yield self._simple_select_one_onecol(
+        res = yield self.simple_select_one_onecol(
             table="account_validity",
             keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
             retcol="expiration_ts_ms",
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         """
 
         def set_account_validity_for_user_txn(txn):
-            self._simple_update_txn(
+            self.simple_update_txn(
                 txn=txn,
                 table="account_validity",
                 keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         Raises:
             StoreError: The provided token is already set for another user.
         """
-        yield self._simple_update_one(
+        yield self.simple_update_one(
             table="account_validity",
             keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
             updatevalues={"renewal_token": renewal_token},
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         Returns:
             defer.Deferred[str]: The ID of the user to which the token belongs.
         """
-        res = yield self._simple_select_one_onecol(
+        res = yield self.simple_select_one_onecol(
             table="account_validity",
             keyvalues={"renewal_token": renewal_token},
             retcol="user_id",
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         Returns:
             defer.Deferred[str]: The renewal token associated with this user ID.
         """
-        res = yield self._simple_select_one_onecol(
+        res = yield self.simple_select_one_onecol(
             table="account_validity",
             keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
             retcol="renewal_token",
@@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             email_sent (bool): Flag which indicates whether a renewal email has been sent
                 to this user.
         """
-        yield self._simple_update_one(
+        yield self.simple_update_one(
             table="account_validity",
             keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
             updatevalues={"email_sent": email_sent},
@@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         Args:
             user_id (str): ID of the user to remove from the account validity table.
         """
-        yield self._simple_delete_one(
+        yield self.simple_delete_one(
             table="account_validity",
             keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
             desc="delete_account_validity_for_user",
@@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         Returns (bool):
             true iff the user is a server admin, false otherwise.
         """
-        res = yield self._simple_select_one_onecol(
+        res = yield self.simple_select_one_onecol(
             table="users",
             keyvalues={"name": user.to_string()},
             retcol="admin",
@@ -299,7 +299,7 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             admin (bool): true iff the user is to be a server admin,
                 false otherwise.
         """
-        return self._simple_update_one(
+        return self.simple_update_one(
             table="users",
             keyvalues={"name": user.to_string()},
             updatevalues={"admin": 1 if admin else 0},
@@ -351,7 +351,7 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         return res
 
     def is_real_user_txn(self, txn, user_id):
-        res = self._simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
+        res = self.simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
             txn=txn,
             table="users",
             keyvalues={"name": user_id},
@@ -361,7 +361,7 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         return res is None
 
     def is_support_user_txn(self, txn, user_id):
-        res = self._simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
+        res = self.simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
             txn=txn,
             table="users",
             keyvalues={"name": user_id},
@@ -394,7 +394,7 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         Returns:
             str|None: the mxid of the user, or None if they are not known
         """
-        return await self._simple_select_one_onecol(
+        return await self.simple_select_one_onecol(
             table="user_external_ids",
             keyvalues={"auth_provider": auth_provider, "external_id": external_id},
             retcol="user_id",
@@ -536,7 +536,7 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         Returns:
             str|None: user id or None if no user id/threepid mapping exists
         """
-        ret = self._simple_select_one_txn(
+        ret = self.simple_select_one_txn(
             txn,
             "user_threepids",
             {"medium": medium, "address": address},
@@ -549,7 +549,7 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def user_add_threepid(self, user_id, medium, address, validated_at, added_at):
-        yield self._simple_upsert(
+        yield self.simple_upsert(
             "user_threepids",
             {"medium": medium, "address": address},
             {"user_id": user_id, "validated_at": validated_at, "added_at": added_at},
@@ -557,7 +557,7 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def user_get_threepids(self, user_id):
-        ret = yield self._simple_select_list(
+        ret = yield self.simple_select_list(
             "user_threepids",
             {"user_id": user_id},
             ["medium", "address", "validated_at", "added_at"],
@@ -566,7 +566,7 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         return ret
 
     def user_delete_threepid(self, user_id, medium, address):
-        return self._simple_delete(
+        return self.simple_delete(
             "user_threepids",
             keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "medium": medium, "address": address},
             desc="user_delete_threepid",
@@ -579,7 +579,7 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
              user_id: The user id to delete all threepids of
 
         """
-        return self._simple_delete(
+        return self.simple_delete(
             "user_threepids",
             keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
             desc="user_delete_threepids",
@@ -601,7 +601,7 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         """
         # We need to use an upsert, in case they user had already bound the
         # threepid
-        return self._simple_upsert(
+        return self.simple_upsert(
             table="user_threepid_id_server",
             keyvalues={
                 "user_id": user_id,
@@ -627,7 +627,7 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 medium (str): The medium of the threepid (e.g "email")
                 address (str): The address of the threepid (e.g "bob@example.com")
         """
-        return self._simple_select_list(
+        return self.simple_select_list(
             table="user_threepid_id_server",
             keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
             retcols=["medium", "address"],
@@ -648,7 +648,7 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         Returns:
             Deferred
         """
-        return self._simple_delete(
+        return self.simple_delete(
             table="user_threepid_id_server",
             keyvalues={
                 "user_id": user_id,
@@ -671,7 +671,7 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         Returns:
             Deferred[list[str]]: Resolves to a list of identity servers
         """
-        return self._simple_select_onecol(
+        return self.simple_select_onecol(
             table="user_threepid_id_server",
             keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "medium": medium, "address": address},
             retcol="id_server",
@@ -689,7 +689,7 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             defer.Deferred(bool): The requested value.
         """
 
-        res = yield self._simple_select_one_onecol(
+        res = yield self.simple_select_one_onecol(
             table="users",
             keyvalues={"name": user_id},
             retcol="deactivated",
@@ -776,12 +776,12 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         """
 
         def delete_threepid_session_txn(txn):
-            self._simple_delete_txn(
+            self.simple_delete_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="threepid_validation_token",
                 keyvalues={"session_id": session_id},
             )
-            self._simple_delete_txn(
+            self.simple_delete_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="threepid_validation_session",
                 keyvalues={"session_id": session_id},
@@ -961,7 +961,7 @@ class RegistrationStore(RegistrationBackgroundUpdateStore):
         """
         next_id = self._access_tokens_id_gen.get_next()
 
-        yield self._simple_insert(
+        yield self.simple_insert(
             "access_tokens",
             {
                 "id": next_id,
@@ -1037,7 +1037,7 @@ class RegistrationStore(RegistrationBackgroundUpdateStore):
                 # Ensure that the guest user actually exists
                 # ``allow_none=False`` makes this raise an exception
                 # if the row isn't in the database.
-                self._simple_select_one_txn(
+                self.simple_select_one_txn(
                     txn,
                     "users",
                     keyvalues={"name": user_id, "is_guest": 1},
@@ -1045,7 +1045,7 @@ class RegistrationStore(RegistrationBackgroundUpdateStore):
                     allow_none=False,
                 )
 
-                self._simple_update_one_txn(
+                self.simple_update_one_txn(
                     txn,
                     "users",
                     keyvalues={"name": user_id, "is_guest": 1},
@@ -1059,7 +1059,7 @@ class RegistrationStore(RegistrationBackgroundUpdateStore):
                     },
                 )
             else:
-                self._simple_insert_txn(
+                self.simple_insert_txn(
                     txn,
                     "users",
                     values={
@@ -1114,7 +1114,7 @@ class RegistrationStore(RegistrationBackgroundUpdateStore):
             external_id: id on that system
             user_id: complete mxid that it is mapped to
         """
-        return self._simple_insert(
+        return self.simple_insert(
             table="user_external_ids",
             values={
                 "auth_provider": auth_provider,
@@ -1132,7 +1132,7 @@ class RegistrationStore(RegistrationBackgroundUpdateStore):
         """
 
         def user_set_password_hash_txn(txn):
-            self._simple_update_one_txn(
+            self.simple_update_one_txn(
                 txn, "users", {"name": user_id}, {"password_hash": password_hash}
             )
             self._invalidate_cache_and_stream(txn, self.get_user_by_id, (user_id,))
@@ -1152,7 +1152,7 @@ class RegistrationStore(RegistrationBackgroundUpdateStore):
         """
 
         def f(txn):
-            self._simple_update_one_txn(
+            self.simple_update_one_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="users",
                 keyvalues={"name": user_id},
@@ -1176,7 +1176,7 @@ class RegistrationStore(RegistrationBackgroundUpdateStore):
         """
 
         def f(txn):
-            self._simple_update_one_txn(
+            self.simple_update_one_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="users",
                 keyvalues={"name": user_id},
@@ -1234,7 +1234,7 @@ class RegistrationStore(RegistrationBackgroundUpdateStore):
 
     def delete_access_token(self, access_token):
         def f(txn):
-            self._simple_delete_one_txn(
+            self.simple_delete_one_txn(
                 txn, table="access_tokens", keyvalues={"token": access_token}
             )
 
@@ -1246,7 +1246,7 @@ class RegistrationStore(RegistrationBackgroundUpdateStore):
 
     @cachedInlineCallbacks()
     def is_guest(self, user_id):
-        res = yield self._simple_select_one_onecol(
+        res = yield self.simple_select_one_onecol(
             table="users",
             keyvalues={"name": user_id},
             retcol="is_guest",
@@ -1261,7 +1261,7 @@ class RegistrationStore(RegistrationBackgroundUpdateStore):
         Adds a user to the table of users who need to be parted from all the rooms they're
         in
         """
-        return self._simple_insert(
+        return self.simple_insert(
             "users_pending_deactivation",
             values={"user_id": user_id},
             desc="add_user_pending_deactivation",
@@ -1274,7 +1274,7 @@ class RegistrationStore(RegistrationBackgroundUpdateStore):
         """
         # XXX: This should be simple_delete_one but we failed to put a unique index on
         # the table, so somehow duplicate entries have ended up in it.
-        return self._simple_delete(
+        return self.simple_delete(
             "users_pending_deactivation",
             keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
             desc="del_user_pending_deactivation",
@@ -1285,7 +1285,7 @@ class RegistrationStore(RegistrationBackgroundUpdateStore):
         Gets one user from the table of users waiting to be parted from all the rooms
         they're in.
         """
-        return self._simple_select_one_onecol(
+        return self.simple_select_one_onecol(
             "users_pending_deactivation",
             keyvalues={},
             retcol="user_id",
@@ -1315,7 +1315,7 @@ class RegistrationStore(RegistrationBackgroundUpdateStore):
 
         # Insert everything into a transaction in order to run atomically
         def validate_threepid_session_txn(txn):
-            row = self._simple_select_one_txn(
+            row = self.simple_select_one_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="threepid_validation_session",
                 keyvalues={"session_id": session_id},
@@ -1333,7 +1333,7 @@ class RegistrationStore(RegistrationBackgroundUpdateStore):
                     400, "This client_secret does not match the provided session_id"
                 )
 
-            row = self._simple_select_one_txn(
+            row = self.simple_select_one_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="threepid_validation_token",
                 keyvalues={"session_id": session_id, "token": token},
@@ -1358,7 +1358,7 @@ class RegistrationStore(RegistrationBackgroundUpdateStore):
                 )
 
             # Looks good. Validate the session
-            self._simple_update_txn(
+            self.simple_update_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="threepid_validation_session",
                 keyvalues={"session_id": session_id},
@@ -1401,7 +1401,7 @@ class RegistrationStore(RegistrationBackgroundUpdateStore):
         if validated_at:
             insertion_values["validated_at"] = validated_at
 
-        return self._simple_upsert(
+        return self.simple_upsert(
             table="threepid_validation_session",
             keyvalues={"session_id": session_id},
             values={"last_send_attempt": send_attempt},
@@ -1439,7 +1439,7 @@ class RegistrationStore(RegistrationBackgroundUpdateStore):
 
         def start_or_continue_validation_session_txn(txn):
             # Create or update a validation session
-            self._simple_upsert_txn(
+            self.simple_upsert_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="threepid_validation_session",
                 keyvalues={"session_id": session_id},
@@ -1452,7 +1452,7 @@ class RegistrationStore(RegistrationBackgroundUpdateStore):
             )
 
             # Create a new validation token with this session ID
-            self._simple_insert_txn(
+            self.simple_insert_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="threepid_validation_token",
                 values={
@@ -1501,7 +1501,7 @@ class RegistrationStore(RegistrationBackgroundUpdateStore):
         )
 
     def set_user_deactivated_status_txn(self, txn, user_id, deactivated):
-        self._simple_update_one_txn(
+        self.simple_update_one_txn(
             txn=txn,
             table="users",
             keyvalues={"name": user_id},
@@ -1560,7 +1560,7 @@ class RegistrationStore(RegistrationBackgroundUpdateStore):
                 expiration_ts,
             )
 
-        self._simple_upsert_txn(
+        self.simple_upsert_txn(
             txn,
             "account_validity",
             keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/rejections.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/rejections.py
index 7d5de0ea2e..f81f9279a1 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/rejections.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/rejections.py
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 class RejectionsStore(SQLBaseStore):
     def _store_rejections_txn(self, txn, event_id, reason):
-        self._simple_insert_txn(
+        self.simple_insert_txn(
             txn,
             table="rejections",
             values={
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ class RejectionsStore(SQLBaseStore):
         )
 
     def get_rejection_reason(self, event_id):
-        return self._simple_select_one_onecol(
+        return self.simple_select_one_onecol(
             table="rejections",
             retcol="reason",
             keyvalues={"event_id": event_id},
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/relations.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/relations.py
index 858f65582b..aa5e10538b 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/relations.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/relations.py
@@ -352,7 +352,7 @@ class RelationsStore(RelationsWorkerStore):
 
         aggregation_key = relation.get("key")
 
-        self._simple_insert_txn(
+        self.simple_insert_txn(
             txn,
             table="event_relations",
             values={
@@ -380,6 +380,6 @@ class RelationsStore(RelationsWorkerStore):
             redacted_event_id (str): The event that was redacted.
         """
 
-        self._simple_delete_txn(
+        self.simple_delete_txn(
             txn, table="event_relations", keyvalues={"event_id": redacted_event_id}
         )
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/room.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/room.py
index b7f9024811..8f9b6365c1 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/room.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/room.py
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ class RoomWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         Returns:
             A dict containing the room information, or None if the room is unknown.
         """
-        return self._simple_select_one(
+        return self.simple_select_one(
             table="rooms",
             keyvalues={"room_id": room_id},
             retcols=("room_id", "is_public", "creator"),
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ class RoomWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         )
 
     def get_public_room_ids(self):
-        return self._simple_select_onecol(
+        return self.simple_select_onecol(
             table="rooms",
             keyvalues={"is_public": True},
             retcol="room_id",
@@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ class RoomWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
     @cached(max_entries=10000)
     def is_room_blocked(self, room_id):
-        return self._simple_select_one_onecol(
+        return self.simple_select_one_onecol(
             table="blocked_rooms",
             keyvalues={"room_id": room_id},
             retcol="1",
@@ -287,7 +287,7 @@ class RoomWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             of RatelimitOverride are None or 0 then ratelimitng has been
             disabled for that user entirely.
         """
-        row = yield self._simple_select_one(
+        row = yield self.simple_select_one(
             table="ratelimit_override",
             keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
             retcols=("messages_per_second", "burst_count"),
@@ -407,7 +407,7 @@ class RoomStore(RoomWorkerStore, SearchStore):
                     ev = json.loads(row["json"])
                     retention_policy = json.dumps(ev["content"])
 
-                self._simple_insert_txn(
+                self.simple_insert_txn(
                     txn=txn,
                     table="room_retention",
                     values={
@@ -453,7 +453,7 @@ class RoomStore(RoomWorkerStore, SearchStore):
         try:
 
             def store_room_txn(txn, next_id):
-                self._simple_insert_txn(
+                self.simple_insert_txn(
                     txn,
                     "rooms",
                     {
@@ -463,7 +463,7 @@ class RoomStore(RoomWorkerStore, SearchStore):
                     },
                 )
                 if is_public:
-                    self._simple_insert_txn(
+                    self.simple_insert_txn(
                         txn,
                         table="public_room_list_stream",
                         values={
@@ -482,14 +482,14 @@ class RoomStore(RoomWorkerStore, SearchStore):
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def set_room_is_public(self, room_id, is_public):
         def set_room_is_public_txn(txn, next_id):
-            self._simple_update_one_txn(
+            self.simple_update_one_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="rooms",
                 keyvalues={"room_id": room_id},
                 updatevalues={"is_public": is_public},
             )
 
-            entries = self._simple_select_list_txn(
+            entries = self.simple_select_list_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="public_room_list_stream",
                 keyvalues={
@@ -507,7 +507,7 @@ class RoomStore(RoomWorkerStore, SearchStore):
                 add_to_stream = bool(entries[-1]["visibility"]) != is_public
 
             if add_to_stream:
-                self._simple_insert_txn(
+                self.simple_insert_txn(
                     txn,
                     table="public_room_list_stream",
                     values={
@@ -547,7 +547,7 @@ class RoomStore(RoomWorkerStore, SearchStore):
         def set_room_is_public_appservice_txn(txn, next_id):
             if is_public:
                 try:
-                    self._simple_insert_txn(
+                    self.simple_insert_txn(
                         txn,
                         table="appservice_room_list",
                         values={
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@ class RoomStore(RoomWorkerStore, SearchStore):
                     # We've already inserted, nothing to do.
                     return
             else:
-                self._simple_delete_txn(
+                self.simple_delete_txn(
                     txn,
                     table="appservice_room_list",
                     keyvalues={
@@ -570,7 +570,7 @@ class RoomStore(RoomWorkerStore, SearchStore):
                     },
                 )
 
-            entries = self._simple_select_list_txn(
+            entries = self.simple_select_list_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="public_room_list_stream",
                 keyvalues={
@@ -588,7 +588,7 @@ class RoomStore(RoomWorkerStore, SearchStore):
                 add_to_stream = bool(entries[-1]["visibility"]) != is_public
 
             if add_to_stream:
-                self._simple_insert_txn(
+                self.simple_insert_txn(
                     txn,
                     table="public_room_list_stream",
                     values={
@@ -652,7 +652,7 @@ class RoomStore(RoomWorkerStore, SearchStore):
                 # Ignore the event if one of the value isn't an integer.
                 return
 
-            self._simple_insert_txn(
+            self.simple_insert_txn(
                 txn=txn,
                 table="room_retention",
                 values={
@@ -671,7 +671,7 @@ class RoomStore(RoomWorkerStore, SearchStore):
         self, room_id, event_id, user_id, reason, content, received_ts
     ):
         next_id = self._event_reports_id_gen.get_next()
-        return self._simple_insert(
+        return self.simple_insert(
             table="event_reports",
             values={
                 "id": next_id,
@@ -717,7 +717,7 @@ class RoomStore(RoomWorkerStore, SearchStore):
         Returns:
             Deferred
         """
-        yield self._simple_upsert(
+        yield self.simple_upsert(
             table="blocked_rooms",
             keyvalues={"room_id": room_id},
             values={},
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/roommember.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/roommember.py
index b314d75941..fe2428a281 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/roommember.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/roommember.py
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ class RoomMemberWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore):
         membership column is up to date
         """
 
-        pending_update = self._simple_select_one_txn(
+        pending_update = self.simple_select_one_txn(
             txn,
             table="background_updates",
             keyvalues={"update_name": _CURRENT_STATE_MEMBERSHIP_UPDATE_NAME},
@@ -603,7 +603,7 @@ class RoomMemberWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore):
             to `user_id` and ProfileInfo (or None if not join event).
         """
 
-        rows = yield self._simple_select_many_batch(
+        rows = yield self.simple_select_many_batch(
             table="room_memberships",
             column="event_id",
             iterable=event_ids,
@@ -643,7 +643,7 @@ class RoomMemberWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore):
         # the returned user actually has the correct domain.
         like_clause = "%:" + host
 
-        rows = yield self._execute("is_host_joined", None, sql, room_id, like_clause)
+        rows = yield self.execute("is_host_joined", None, sql, room_id, like_clause)
 
         if not rows:
             return False
@@ -683,7 +683,7 @@ class RoomMemberWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore):
         # the returned user actually has the correct domain.
         like_clause = "%:" + host
 
-        rows = yield self._execute("was_host_joined", None, sql, room_id, like_clause)
+        rows = yield self.execute("was_host_joined", None, sql, room_id, like_clause)
 
         if not rows:
             return False
@@ -805,7 +805,7 @@ class RoomMemberWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore):
             Deferred[set[str]]: Set of room IDs.
         """
 
-        room_ids = yield self._simple_select_onecol(
+        room_ids = yield self.simple_select_onecol(
             table="room_memberships",
             keyvalues={"membership": Membership.JOIN, "user_id": user_id},
             retcol="room_id",
@@ -820,7 +820,7 @@ class RoomMemberWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore):
         """Get user_id and membership of a set of event IDs.
         """
 
-        return self._simple_select_many_batch(
+        return self.simple_select_many_batch(
             table="room_memberships",
             column="event_id",
             iterable=member_event_ids,
@@ -990,7 +990,7 @@ class RoomMemberStore(RoomMemberWorkerStore, RoomMemberBackgroundUpdateStore):
     def _store_room_members_txn(self, txn, events, backfilled):
         """Store a room member in the database.
         """
-        self._simple_insert_many_txn(
+        self.simple_insert_many_txn(
             txn,
             table="room_memberships",
             values=[
@@ -1028,7 +1028,7 @@ class RoomMemberStore(RoomMemberWorkerStore, RoomMemberBackgroundUpdateStore):
             is_mine = self.hs.is_mine_id(event.state_key)
             if is_new_state and is_mine:
                 if event.membership == Membership.INVITE:
-                    self._simple_insert_txn(
+                    self.simple_insert_txn(
                         txn,
                         table="local_invites",
                         values={
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/search.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/search.py
index d1d7c6863d..f735cf095c 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/search.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/search.py
@@ -441,7 +441,7 @@ class SearchStore(SearchBackgroundUpdateStore):
         # entire table from the database.
         sql += " ORDER BY rank DESC LIMIT 500"
 
-        results = yield self._execute("search_msgs", self.cursor_to_dict, sql, *args)
+        results = yield self.execute("search_msgs", self.cursor_to_dict, sql, *args)
 
         results = list(filter(lambda row: row["room_id"] in room_ids, results))
 
@@ -455,7 +455,7 @@ class SearchStore(SearchBackgroundUpdateStore):
 
         count_sql += " GROUP BY room_id"
 
-        count_results = yield self._execute(
+        count_results = yield self.execute(
             "search_rooms_count", self.cursor_to_dict, count_sql, *count_args
         )
 
@@ -586,7 +586,7 @@ class SearchStore(SearchBackgroundUpdateStore):
 
         args.append(limit)
 
-        results = yield self._execute("search_rooms", self.cursor_to_dict, sql, *args)
+        results = yield self.execute("search_rooms", self.cursor_to_dict, sql, *args)
 
         results = list(filter(lambda row: row["room_id"] in room_ids, results))
 
@@ -600,7 +600,7 @@ class SearchStore(SearchBackgroundUpdateStore):
 
         count_sql += " GROUP BY room_id"
 
-        count_results = yield self._execute(
+        count_results = yield self.execute(
             "search_rooms_count", self.cursor_to_dict, count_sql, *count_args
         )
 
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/signatures.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/signatures.py
index 556191b76f..f3da29ce14 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/signatures.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/signatures.py
@@ -98,4 +98,4 @@ class SignatureStore(SignatureWorkerStore):
                 }
             )
 
-        self._simple_insert_many_txn(txn, table="event_reference_hashes", values=vals)
+        self.simple_insert_many_txn(txn, table="event_reference_hashes", values=vals)
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/state.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/state.py
index 6a90daea31..2b33ec1a35 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/state.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/state.py
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ class StateGroupBackgroundUpdateStore(SQLBaseStore):
             count = 0
 
             while next_group:
-                next_group = self._simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
+                next_group = self.simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
                     txn,
                     table="state_group_edges",
                     keyvalues={"state_group": next_group},
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ class StateGroupBackgroundUpdateStore(SQLBaseStore):
                     ):
                         break
 
-                    next_group = self._simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
+                    next_group = self.simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
                         txn,
                         table="state_group_edges",
                         keyvalues={"state_group": next_group},
@@ -431,7 +431,7 @@ class StateGroupWorkerStore(
         """
 
         def _get_state_group_delta_txn(txn):
-            prev_group = self._simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
+            prev_group = self.simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="state_group_edges",
                 keyvalues={"state_group": state_group},
@@ -442,7 +442,7 @@ class StateGroupWorkerStore(
             if not prev_group:
                 return _GetStateGroupDelta(None, None)
 
-            delta_ids = self._simple_select_list_txn(
+            delta_ids = self.simple_select_list_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="state_groups_state",
                 keyvalues={"state_group": state_group},
@@ -644,7 +644,7 @@ class StateGroupWorkerStore(
 
     @cached(max_entries=50000)
     def _get_state_group_for_event(self, event_id):
-        return self._simple_select_one_onecol(
+        return self.simple_select_one_onecol(
             table="event_to_state_groups",
             keyvalues={"event_id": event_id},
             retcol="state_group",
@@ -661,7 +661,7 @@ class StateGroupWorkerStore(
     def _get_state_group_for_events(self, event_ids):
         """Returns mapping event_id -> state_group
         """
-        rows = yield self._simple_select_many_batch(
+        rows = yield self.simple_select_many_batch(
             table="event_to_state_groups",
             column="event_id",
             iterable=event_ids,
@@ -902,7 +902,7 @@ class StateGroupWorkerStore(
 
             state_group = self.database_engine.get_next_state_group_id(txn)
 
-            self._simple_insert_txn(
+            self.simple_insert_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="state_groups",
                 values={"id": state_group, "room_id": room_id, "event_id": event_id},
@@ -911,7 +911,7 @@ class StateGroupWorkerStore(
             # We persist as a delta if we can, while also ensuring the chain
             # of deltas isn't tooo long, as otherwise read performance degrades.
             if prev_group:
-                is_in_db = self._simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
+                is_in_db = self.simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
                     txn,
                     table="state_groups",
                     keyvalues={"id": prev_group},
@@ -926,13 +926,13 @@ class StateGroupWorkerStore(
 
                 potential_hops = self._count_state_group_hops_txn(txn, prev_group)
             if prev_group and potential_hops < MAX_STATE_DELTA_HOPS:
-                self._simple_insert_txn(
+                self.simple_insert_txn(
                     txn,
                     table="state_group_edges",
                     values={"state_group": state_group, "prev_state_group": prev_group},
                 )
 
-                self._simple_insert_many_txn(
+                self.simple_insert_many_txn(
                     txn,
                     table="state_groups_state",
                     values=[
@@ -947,7 +947,7 @@ class StateGroupWorkerStore(
                     ],
                 )
             else:
-                self._simple_insert_many_txn(
+                self.simple_insert_many_txn(
                     txn,
                     table="state_groups_state",
                     values=[
@@ -1007,7 +1007,7 @@ class StateGroupWorkerStore(
             referenced.
         """
 
-        rows = yield self._simple_select_many_batch(
+        rows = yield self.simple_select_many_batch(
             table="event_to_state_groups",
             column="state_group",
             iterable=state_groups,
@@ -1065,7 +1065,7 @@ class StateBackgroundUpdateStore(
         batch_size = max(1, int(batch_size / BATCH_SIZE_SCALE_FACTOR))
 
         if max_group is None:
-            rows = yield self._execute(
+            rows = yield self.execute(
                 "_background_deduplicate_state",
                 None,
                 "SELECT coalesce(max(id), 0) FROM state_groups",
@@ -1135,13 +1135,13 @@ class StateBackgroundUpdateStore(
                             if prev_state.get(key, None) != value
                         }
 
-                        self._simple_delete_txn(
+                        self.simple_delete_txn(
                             txn,
                             table="state_group_edges",
                             keyvalues={"state_group": state_group},
                         )
 
-                        self._simple_insert_txn(
+                        self.simple_insert_txn(
                             txn,
                             table="state_group_edges",
                             values={
@@ -1150,13 +1150,13 @@ class StateBackgroundUpdateStore(
                             },
                         )
 
-                        self._simple_delete_txn(
+                        self.simple_delete_txn(
                             txn,
                             table="state_groups_state",
                             keyvalues={"state_group": state_group},
                         )
 
-                        self._simple_insert_many_txn(
+                        self.simple_insert_many_txn(
                             txn,
                             table="state_groups_state",
                             values=[
@@ -1263,7 +1263,7 @@ class StateStore(StateGroupWorkerStore, StateBackgroundUpdateStore):
 
             state_groups[event.event_id] = context.state_group
 
-        self._simple_insert_many_txn(
+        self.simple_insert_many_txn(
             txn,
             table="event_to_state_groups",
             values=[
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/state_deltas.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/state_deltas.py
index 28f33ec18f..03b908026b 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/state_deltas.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/state_deltas.py
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ class StateDeltasStore(SQLBaseStore):
         )
 
     def _get_max_stream_id_in_current_state_deltas_txn(self, txn):
-        return self._simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
+        return self.simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
             txn,
             table="current_state_delta_stream",
             keyvalues={},
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/stats.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/stats.py
index 45b3de7d56..3aeba859fd 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/stats.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/stats.py
@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ class StatsStore(StateDeltasStore):
         """
         Returns the stats processor positions.
         """
-        return self._simple_select_one_onecol(
+        return self.simple_select_one_onecol(
             table="stats_incremental_position",
             keyvalues={},
             retcol="stream_id",
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ class StatsStore(StateDeltasStore):
             if field and "\0" in field:
                 fields[col] = None
 
-        return self._simple_upsert(
+        return self.simple_upsert(
             table="room_stats_state",
             keyvalues={"room_id": room_id},
             values=fields,
@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ class StatsStore(StateDeltasStore):
             ABSOLUTE_STATS_FIELDS[stats_type] + PER_SLICE_FIELDS[stats_type]
         )
 
-        slice_list = self._simple_select_list_paginate_txn(
+        slice_list = self.simple_select_list_paginate_txn(
             txn,
             table + "_historical",
             {id_col: stats_id},
@@ -282,7 +282,7 @@ class StatsStore(StateDeltasStore):
                 "name", "topic", "canonical_alias", "avatar", "join_rules",
                 "history_visibility"
         """
-        return self._simple_select_one(
+        return self.simple_select_one(
             "room_stats_state",
             {"room_id": room_id},
             retcols=(
@@ -308,7 +308,7 @@ class StatsStore(StateDeltasStore):
         """
         table, id_col = TYPE_TO_TABLE[stats_type]
 
-        return self._simple_select_one_onecol(
+        return self.simple_select_one_onecol(
             "%s_current" % (table,),
             keyvalues={id_col: id},
             retcol="completed_delta_stream_id",
@@ -344,7 +344,7 @@ class StatsStore(StateDeltasStore):
                         complete_with_stream_id=stream_id,
                     )
 
-            self._simple_update_one_txn(
+            self.simple_update_one_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="stats_incremental_position",
                 keyvalues={},
@@ -517,17 +517,17 @@ class StatsStore(StateDeltasStore):
         else:
             self.database_engine.lock_table(txn, table)
             retcols = list(chain(absolutes.keys(), additive_relatives.keys()))
-            current_row = self._simple_select_one_txn(
+            current_row = self.simple_select_one_txn(
                 txn, table, keyvalues, retcols, allow_none=True
             )
             if current_row is None:
                 merged_dict = {**keyvalues, **absolutes, **additive_relatives}
-                self._simple_insert_txn(txn, table, merged_dict)
+                self.simple_insert_txn(txn, table, merged_dict)
             else:
                 for (key, val) in additive_relatives.items():
                     current_row[key] += val
                 current_row.update(absolutes)
-                self._simple_update_one_txn(txn, table, keyvalues, current_row)
+                self.simple_update_one_txn(txn, table, keyvalues, current_row)
 
     def _upsert_copy_from_table_with_additive_relatives_txn(
         self,
@@ -614,11 +614,11 @@ class StatsStore(StateDeltasStore):
             txn.execute(sql, qargs)
         else:
             self.database_engine.lock_table(txn, into_table)
-            src_row = self._simple_select_one_txn(
+            src_row = self.simple_select_one_txn(
                 txn, src_table, keyvalues, copy_columns
             )
             all_dest_keyvalues = {**keyvalues, **extra_dst_keyvalues}
-            dest_current_row = self._simple_select_one_txn(
+            dest_current_row = self.simple_select_one_txn(
                 txn,
                 into_table,
                 keyvalues=all_dest_keyvalues,
@@ -634,11 +634,11 @@ class StatsStore(StateDeltasStore):
                     **src_row,
                     **additive_relatives,
                 }
-                self._simple_insert_txn(txn, into_table, merged_dict)
+                self.simple_insert_txn(txn, into_table, merged_dict)
             else:
                 for (key, val) in additive_relatives.items():
                     src_row[key] = dest_current_row[key] + val
-                self._simple_update_txn(txn, into_table, all_dest_keyvalues, src_row)
+                self.simple_update_txn(txn, into_table, all_dest_keyvalues, src_row)
 
     def get_changes_room_total_events_and_bytes(self, min_pos, max_pos):
         """Fetches the counts of events in the given range of stream IDs.
@@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ class StatsStore(StateDeltasStore):
         def _fetch_current_state_stats(txn):
             pos = self.get_room_max_stream_ordering()
 
-            rows = self._simple_select_many_txn(
+            rows = self.simple_select_many_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="current_state_events",
                 column="type",
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/stream.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/stream.py
index 21a410afd0..60487c4559 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/stream.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/stream.py
@@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ class StreamWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
         super(StreamWorkerStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
 
         events_max = self.get_room_max_stream_ordering()
-        event_cache_prefill, min_event_val = self._get_cache_dict(
+        event_cache_prefill, min_event_val = self.get_cache_dict(
             db_conn,
             "events",
             entity_column="room_id",
@@ -576,7 +576,7 @@ class StreamWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
         Returns:
             A deferred "s%d" stream token.
         """
-        return self._simple_select_one_onecol(
+        return self.simple_select_one_onecol(
             table="events", keyvalues={"event_id": event_id}, retcol="stream_ordering"
         ).addCallback(lambda row: "s%d" % (row,))
 
@@ -589,7 +589,7 @@ class StreamWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
         Returns:
             A deferred "t%d-%d" topological token.
         """
-        return self._simple_select_one(
+        return self.simple_select_one(
             table="events",
             keyvalues={"event_id": event_id},
             retcols=("stream_ordering", "topological_ordering"),
@@ -613,7 +613,7 @@ class StreamWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
             "SELECT coalesce(max(topological_ordering), 0) FROM events"
             " WHERE room_id = ? AND stream_ordering < ?"
         )
-        return self._execute(
+        return self.execute(
             "get_max_topological_token", None, sql, room_id, stream_key
         ).addCallback(lambda r: r[0][0] if r else 0)
 
@@ -709,7 +709,7 @@ class StreamWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
             dict
         """
 
-        results = self._simple_select_one_txn(
+        results = self.simple_select_one_txn(
             txn,
             "events",
             keyvalues={"event_id": event_id, "room_id": room_id},
@@ -797,7 +797,7 @@ class StreamWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
         return upper_bound, events
 
     def get_federation_out_pos(self, typ):
-        return self._simple_select_one_onecol(
+        return self.simple_select_one_onecol(
             table="federation_stream_position",
             retcol="stream_id",
             keyvalues={"type": typ},
@@ -805,7 +805,7 @@ class StreamWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
         )
 
     def update_federation_out_pos(self, typ, stream_id):
-        return self._simple_update_one(
+        return self.simple_update_one(
             table="federation_stream_position",
             keyvalues={"type": typ},
             updatevalues={"stream_id": stream_id},
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/tags.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/tags.py
index aa24339717..85012403be 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/tags.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/tags.py
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ class TagsWorkerStore(AccountDataWorkerStore):
             tag strings to tag content.
         """
 
-        deferred = self._simple_select_list(
+        deferred = self.simple_select_list(
             "room_tags", {"user_id": user_id}, ["room_id", "tag", "content"]
         )
 
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ class TagsWorkerStore(AccountDataWorkerStore):
         Returns:
             A deferred list of string tags.
         """
-        return self._simple_select_list(
+        return self.simple_select_list(
             table="room_tags",
             keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "room_id": room_id},
             retcols=("tag", "content"),
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ class TagsStore(TagsWorkerStore):
         content_json = json.dumps(content)
 
         def add_tag_txn(txn, next_id):
-            self._simple_upsert_txn(
+            self.simple_upsert_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="room_tags",
                 keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "room_id": room_id, "tag": tag},
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/transactions.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/transactions.py
index 01b1be5e14..c162f3ea16 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/transactions.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/transactions.py
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ class TransactionStore(SQLBaseStore):
         )
 
     def _get_received_txn_response(self, txn, transaction_id, origin):
-        result = self._simple_select_one_txn(
+        result = self.simple_select_one_txn(
             txn,
             table="received_transactions",
             keyvalues={"transaction_id": transaction_id, "origin": origin},
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ class TransactionStore(SQLBaseStore):
             response_json (str)
         """
 
-        return self._simple_insert(
+        return self.simple_insert(
             table="received_transactions",
             values={
                 "transaction_id": transaction_id,
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ class TransactionStore(SQLBaseStore):
         return result
 
     def _get_destination_retry_timings(self, txn, destination):
-        result = self._simple_select_one_txn(
+        result = self.simple_select_one_txn(
             txn,
             table="destinations",
             keyvalues={"destination": destination},
@@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ class TransactionStore(SQLBaseStore):
         # We need to be careful here as the data may have changed from under us
         # due to a worker setting the timings.
 
-        prev_row = self._simple_select_one_txn(
+        prev_row = self.simple_select_one_txn(
             txn,
             table="destinations",
             keyvalues={"destination": destination},
@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ class TransactionStore(SQLBaseStore):
         )
 
         if not prev_row:
-            self._simple_insert_txn(
+            self.simple_insert_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="destinations",
                 values={
@@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ class TransactionStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 },
             )
         elif retry_interval == 0 or prev_row["retry_interval"] < retry_interval:
-            self._simple_update_one_txn(
+            self.simple_update_one_txn(
                 txn,
                 "destinations",
                 keyvalues={"destination": destination},
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/user_directory.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/user_directory.py
index 652abe0e6a..1a85aabbfb 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/user_directory.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/user_directory.py
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ class UserDirectoryBackgroundUpdateStore(StateDeltasStore, BackgroundUpdateStore
             """
             txn.execute(sql)
             rooms = [{"room_id": x[0], "events": x[1]} for x in txn.fetchall()]
-            self._simple_insert_many_txn(txn, TEMP_TABLE + "_rooms", rooms)
+            self.simple_insert_many_txn(txn, TEMP_TABLE + "_rooms", rooms)
             del rooms
 
             # If search all users is on, get all the users we want to add.
@@ -100,13 +100,13 @@ class UserDirectoryBackgroundUpdateStore(StateDeltasStore, BackgroundUpdateStore
                 txn.execute("SELECT name FROM users")
                 users = [{"user_id": x[0]} for x in txn.fetchall()]
 
-                self._simple_insert_many_txn(txn, TEMP_TABLE + "_users", users)
+                self.simple_insert_many_txn(txn, TEMP_TABLE + "_users", users)
 
         new_pos = yield self.get_max_stream_id_in_current_state_deltas()
         yield self.runInteraction(
             "populate_user_directory_temp_build", _make_staging_area
         )
-        yield self._simple_insert(TEMP_TABLE + "_position", {"position": new_pos})
+        yield self.simple_insert(TEMP_TABLE + "_position", {"position": new_pos})
 
         yield self._end_background_update("populate_user_directory_createtables")
         return 1
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ class UserDirectoryBackgroundUpdateStore(StateDeltasStore, BackgroundUpdateStore
         """
         Update the user directory stream position, then clean up the old tables.
         """
-        position = yield self._simple_select_one_onecol(
+        position = yield self.simple_select_one_onecol(
             TEMP_TABLE + "_position", None, "position"
         )
         yield self.update_user_directory_stream_pos(position)
@@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ class UserDirectoryBackgroundUpdateStore(StateDeltasStore, BackgroundUpdateStore
                         to_insert.clear()
 
             # We've finished a room. Delete it from the table.
-            yield self._simple_delete_one(TEMP_TABLE + "_rooms", {"room_id": room_id})
+            yield self.simple_delete_one(TEMP_TABLE + "_rooms", {"room_id": room_id})
             # Update the remaining counter.
             progress["remaining"] -= 1
             yield self.runInteraction(
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ class UserDirectoryBackgroundUpdateStore(StateDeltasStore, BackgroundUpdateStore
             )
 
             # We've finished processing a user. Delete it from the table.
-            yield self._simple_delete_one(TEMP_TABLE + "_users", {"user_id": user_id})
+            yield self.simple_delete_one(TEMP_TABLE + "_users", {"user_id": user_id})
             # Update the remaining counter.
             progress["remaining"] -= 1
             yield self.runInteraction(
@@ -361,7 +361,7 @@ class UserDirectoryBackgroundUpdateStore(StateDeltasStore, BackgroundUpdateStore
         """
 
         def _update_profile_in_user_dir_txn(txn):
-            new_entry = self._simple_upsert_txn(
+            new_entry = self.simple_upsert_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="user_directory",
                 keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
@@ -435,7 +435,7 @@ class UserDirectoryBackgroundUpdateStore(StateDeltasStore, BackgroundUpdateStore
                         )
             elif isinstance(self.database_engine, Sqlite3Engine):
                 value = "%s %s" % (user_id, display_name) if display_name else user_id
-                self._simple_upsert_txn(
+                self.simple_upsert_txn(
                     txn,
                     table="user_directory_search",
                     keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
@@ -462,7 +462,7 @@ class UserDirectoryBackgroundUpdateStore(StateDeltasStore, BackgroundUpdateStore
         """
 
         def _add_users_who_share_room_txn(txn):
-            self._simple_upsert_many_txn(
+            self.simple_upsert_many_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="users_who_share_private_rooms",
                 key_names=["user_id", "other_user_id", "room_id"],
@@ -489,7 +489,7 @@ class UserDirectoryBackgroundUpdateStore(StateDeltasStore, BackgroundUpdateStore
 
         def _add_users_in_public_rooms_txn(txn):
 
-            self._simple_upsert_many_txn(
+            self.simple_upsert_many_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="users_in_public_rooms",
                 key_names=["user_id", "room_id"],
@@ -519,7 +519,7 @@ class UserDirectoryBackgroundUpdateStore(StateDeltasStore, BackgroundUpdateStore
 
     @cached()
     def get_user_in_directory(self, user_id):
-        return self._simple_select_one(
+        return self.simple_select_one(
             table="user_directory",
             keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
             retcols=("display_name", "avatar_url"),
@@ -528,7 +528,7 @@ class UserDirectoryBackgroundUpdateStore(StateDeltasStore, BackgroundUpdateStore
         )
 
     def update_user_directory_stream_pos(self, stream_id):
-        return self._simple_update_one(
+        return self.simple_update_one(
             table="user_directory_stream_pos",
             keyvalues={},
             updatevalues={"stream_id": stream_id},
@@ -547,21 +547,21 @@ class UserDirectoryStore(UserDirectoryBackgroundUpdateStore):
 
     def remove_from_user_dir(self, user_id):
         def _remove_from_user_dir_txn(txn):
-            self._simple_delete_txn(
+            self.simple_delete_txn(
                 txn, table="user_directory", keyvalues={"user_id": user_id}
             )
-            self._simple_delete_txn(
+            self.simple_delete_txn(
                 txn, table="user_directory_search", keyvalues={"user_id": user_id}
             )
-            self._simple_delete_txn(
+            self.simple_delete_txn(
                 txn, table="users_in_public_rooms", keyvalues={"user_id": user_id}
             )
-            self._simple_delete_txn(
+            self.simple_delete_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="users_who_share_private_rooms",
                 keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
             )
-            self._simple_delete_txn(
+            self.simple_delete_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="users_who_share_private_rooms",
                 keyvalues={"other_user_id": user_id},
@@ -575,14 +575,14 @@ class UserDirectoryStore(UserDirectoryBackgroundUpdateStore):
         """Get all user_ids that are in the room directory because they're
         in the given room_id
         """
-        user_ids_share_pub = yield self._simple_select_onecol(
+        user_ids_share_pub = yield self.simple_select_onecol(
             table="users_in_public_rooms",
             keyvalues={"room_id": room_id},
             retcol="user_id",
             desc="get_users_in_dir_due_to_room",
         )
 
-        user_ids_share_priv = yield self._simple_select_onecol(
+        user_ids_share_priv = yield self.simple_select_onecol(
             table="users_who_share_private_rooms",
             keyvalues={"room_id": room_id},
             retcol="other_user_id",
@@ -605,17 +605,17 @@ class UserDirectoryStore(UserDirectoryBackgroundUpdateStore):
         """
 
         def _remove_user_who_share_room_txn(txn):
-            self._simple_delete_txn(
+            self.simple_delete_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="users_who_share_private_rooms",
                 keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "room_id": room_id},
             )
-            self._simple_delete_txn(
+            self.simple_delete_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="users_who_share_private_rooms",
                 keyvalues={"other_user_id": user_id, "room_id": room_id},
             )
-            self._simple_delete_txn(
+            self.simple_delete_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="users_in_public_rooms",
                 keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "room_id": room_id},
@@ -636,14 +636,14 @@ class UserDirectoryStore(UserDirectoryBackgroundUpdateStore):
         Returns:
             list: user_id
         """
-        rows = yield self._simple_select_onecol(
+        rows = yield self.simple_select_onecol(
             table="users_who_share_private_rooms",
             keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
             retcol="room_id",
             desc="get_rooms_user_is_in",
         )
 
-        pub_rows = yield self._simple_select_onecol(
+        pub_rows = yield self.simple_select_onecol(
             table="users_in_public_rooms",
             keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
             retcol="room_id",
@@ -674,14 +674,14 @@ class UserDirectoryStore(UserDirectoryBackgroundUpdateStore):
             ) f2 USING (room_id)
         """
 
-        rows = yield self._execute(
+        rows = yield self.execute(
             "get_rooms_in_common_for_users", None, sql, user_id, other_user_id
         )
 
         return [room_id for room_id, in rows]
 
     def get_user_directory_stream_pos(self):
-        return self._simple_select_one_onecol(
+        return self.simple_select_one_onecol(
             table="user_directory_stream_pos",
             keyvalues={},
             retcol="stream_id",
@@ -786,9 +786,7 @@ class UserDirectoryStore(UserDirectoryBackgroundUpdateStore):
             # This should be unreachable.
             raise Exception("Unrecognized database engine")
 
-        results = yield self._execute(
-            "search_user_dir", self.cursor_to_dict, sql, *args
-        )
+        results = yield self.execute("search_user_dir", self.cursor_to_dict, sql, *args)
 
         limited = len(results) > limit
 
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/user_erasure_store.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/user_erasure_store.py
index aa4f0da5f0..37860af070 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/user_erasure_store.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/user_erasure_store.py
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ class UserErasureWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         Returns:
             Deferred[bool]: True if the user has requested erasure
         """
-        return self._simple_select_onecol(
+        return self.simple_select_onecol(
             table="erased_users",
             keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
             retcol="1",
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ class UserErasureWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         # iterate it multiple times, and (b) avoiding duplicates.
         user_ids = tuple(set(user_ids))
 
-        rows = yield self._simple_select_many_batch(
+        rows = yield self.simple_select_many_batch(
             table="erased_users",
             column="user_id",
             iterable=user_ids,
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_stats.py b/tests/handlers/test_stats.py
index e0075ccd32..380fd0d107 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_stats.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_stats.py
@@ -45,13 +45,13 @@ class StatsRoomTests(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         self.store._all_done = False
 
         self.get_success(
-            self.store._simple_insert(
+            self.store.simple_insert(
                 "background_updates",
                 {"update_name": "populate_stats_prepare", "progress_json": "{}"},
             )
         )
         self.get_success(
-            self.store._simple_insert(
+            self.store.simple_insert(
                 "background_updates",
                 {
                     "update_name": "populate_stats_process_rooms",
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ class StatsRoomTests(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
             )
         )
         self.get_success(
-            self.store._simple_insert(
+            self.store.simple_insert(
                 "background_updates",
                 {
                     "update_name": "populate_stats_process_users",
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ class StatsRoomTests(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
             )
         )
         self.get_success(
-            self.store._simple_insert(
+            self.store.simple_insert(
                 "background_updates",
                 {
                     "update_name": "populate_stats_cleanup",
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ class StatsRoomTests(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         )
 
     def get_all_room_state(self):
-        return self.store._simple_select_list(
+        return self.store.simple_select_list(
             "room_stats_state", None, retcols=("name", "topic", "canonical_alias")
         )
 
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ class StatsRoomTests(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         end_ts = self.store.quantise_stats_time(self.reactor.seconds() * 1000)
 
         return self.get_success(
-            self.store._simple_select_one(
+            self.store.simple_select_one(
                 table + "_historical",
                 {id_col: stat_id, end_ts: end_ts},
                 cols,
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ class StatsRoomTests(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         self.handler.stats_enabled = True
         self.store._all_done = False
         self.get_success(
-            self.store._simple_update_one(
+            self.store.simple_update_one(
                 table="stats_incremental_position",
                 keyvalues={},
                 updatevalues={"stream_id": 0},
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ class StatsRoomTests(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         )
 
         self.get_success(
-            self.store._simple_insert(
+            self.store.simple_insert(
                 "background_updates",
                 {"update_name": "populate_stats_prepare", "progress_json": "{}"},
             )
@@ -205,13 +205,13 @@ class StatsRoomTests(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
         # Now do the initial ingestion.
         self.get_success(
-            self.store._simple_insert(
+            self.store.simple_insert(
                 "background_updates",
                 {"update_name": "populate_stats_process_rooms", "progress_json": "{}"},
             )
         )
         self.get_success(
-            self.store._simple_insert(
+            self.store.simple_insert(
                 "background_updates",
                 {
                     "update_name": "populate_stats_cleanup",
@@ -656,12 +656,12 @@ class StatsRoomTests(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         self.store._all_done = False
 
         self.get_success(
-            self.store._simple_delete(
+            self.store.simple_delete(
                 "room_stats_current", {"1": 1}, "test_delete_stats"
             )
         )
         self.get_success(
-            self.store._simple_delete(
+            self.store.simple_delete(
                 "user_stats_current", {"1": 1}, "test_delete_stats"
             )
         )
@@ -675,7 +675,7 @@ class StatsRoomTests(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
         self.store._all_done = False
         self.get_success(
-            self.store._simple_insert(
+            self.store.simple_insert(
                 "background_updates",
                 {
                     "update_name": "populate_stats_process_rooms",
@@ -685,7 +685,7 @@ class StatsRoomTests(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
             )
         )
         self.get_success(
-            self.store._simple_insert(
+            self.store.simple_insert(
                 "background_updates",
                 {
                     "update_name": "populate_stats_process_users",
@@ -695,7 +695,7 @@ class StatsRoomTests(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
             )
         )
         self.get_success(
-            self.store._simple_insert(
+            self.store.simple_insert(
                 "background_updates",
                 {
                     "update_name": "populate_stats_cleanup",
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_user_directory.py b/tests/handlers/test_user_directory.py
index c5e91a8c41..d5b1c5b4ac 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_user_directory.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_user_directory.py
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ class UserDirectoryTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
     def get_users_in_public_rooms(self):
         r = self.get_success(
-            self.store._simple_select_list(
+            self.store.simple_select_list(
                 "users_in_public_rooms", None, ("user_id", "room_id")
             )
         )
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ class UserDirectoryTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
     def get_users_who_share_private_rooms(self):
         return self.get_success(
-            self.store._simple_select_list(
+            self.store.simple_select_list(
                 "users_who_share_private_rooms",
                 None,
                 ["user_id", "other_user_id", "room_id"],
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ class UserDirectoryTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         self.store._all_done = False
 
         self.get_success(
-            self.store._simple_insert(
+            self.store.simple_insert(
                 "background_updates",
                 {
                     "update_name": "populate_user_directory_createtables",
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ class UserDirectoryTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
             )
         )
         self.get_success(
-            self.store._simple_insert(
+            self.store.simple_insert(
                 "background_updates",
                 {
                     "update_name": "populate_user_directory_process_rooms",
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ class UserDirectoryTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
             )
         )
         self.get_success(
-            self.store._simple_insert(
+            self.store.simple_insert(
                 "background_updates",
                 {
                     "update_name": "populate_user_directory_process_users",
@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ class UserDirectoryTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
             )
         )
         self.get_success(
-            self.store._simple_insert(
+            self.store.simple_insert(
                 "background_updates",
                 {
                     "update_name": "populate_user_directory_cleanup",
diff --git a/tests/rest/admin/test_admin.py b/tests/rest/admin/test_admin.py
index 9575058252..124ce0768a 100644
--- a/tests/rest/admin/test_admin.py
+++ b/tests/rest/admin/test_admin.py
@@ -632,7 +632,7 @@ class PurgeRoomTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
             "state_groups_state",
         ):
             count = self.get_success(
-                self.store._simple_select_one_onecol(
+                self.store.simple_select_one_onecol(
                     table=table,
                     keyvalues={"room_id": room_id},
                     retcol="COUNT(*)",
diff --git a/tests/storage/test__base.py b/tests/storage/test__base.py
index 9b81b536f5..7b7434a468 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test__base.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test__base.py
@@ -356,7 +356,7 @@ class UpsertManyTests(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         self.get_success(
             self.storage.runInteraction(
                 "test",
-                self.storage._simple_upsert_many_txn,
+                self.storage.simple_upsert_many_txn,
                 self.table_name,
                 key_names,
                 key_values,
@@ -367,7 +367,7 @@ class UpsertManyTests(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
         # Check results are what we expect
         res = self.get_success(
-            self.storage._simple_select_list(
+            self.storage.simple_select_list(
                 self.table_name, None, ["id, username, value"]
             )
         )
@@ -383,7 +383,7 @@ class UpsertManyTests(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         self.get_success(
             self.storage.runInteraction(
                 "test",
-                self.storage._simple_upsert_many_txn,
+                self.storage.simple_upsert_many_txn,
                 self.table_name,
                 key_names,
                 key_values,
@@ -394,7 +394,7 @@ class UpsertManyTests(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
         # Check results are what we expect
         res = self.get_success(
-            self.storage._simple_select_list(
+            self.storage.simple_select_list(
                 self.table_name, None, ["id, username, value"]
             )
         )
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_base.py b/tests/storage/test_base.py
index c778de1f0c..de5e4a5fce 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_base.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_base.py
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ class SQLBaseStoreTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_insert_1col(self):
         self.mock_txn.rowcount = 1
 
-        yield self.datastore._simple_insert(
+        yield self.datastore.simple_insert(
             table="tablename", values={"columname": "Value"}
         )
 
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ class SQLBaseStoreTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_insert_3cols(self):
         self.mock_txn.rowcount = 1
 
-        yield self.datastore._simple_insert(
+        yield self.datastore.simple_insert(
             table="tablename",
             # Use OrderedDict() so we can assert on the SQL generated
             values=OrderedDict([("colA", 1), ("colB", 2), ("colC", 3)]),
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ class SQLBaseStoreTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.mock_txn.rowcount = 1
         self.mock_txn.__iter__ = Mock(return_value=iter([("Value",)]))
 
-        value = yield self.datastore._simple_select_one_onecol(
+        value = yield self.datastore.simple_select_one_onecol(
             table="tablename", keyvalues={"keycol": "TheKey"}, retcol="retcol"
         )
 
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ class SQLBaseStoreTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.mock_txn.rowcount = 1
         self.mock_txn.fetchone.return_value = (1, 2, 3)
 
-        ret = yield self.datastore._simple_select_one(
+        ret = yield self.datastore.simple_select_one(
             table="tablename",
             keyvalues={"keycol": "TheKey"},
             retcols=["colA", "colB", "colC"],
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ class SQLBaseStoreTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.mock_txn.rowcount = 0
         self.mock_txn.fetchone.return_value = None
 
-        ret = yield self.datastore._simple_select_one(
+        ret = yield self.datastore.simple_select_one(
             table="tablename",
             keyvalues={"keycol": "Not here"},
             retcols=["colA"],
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ class SQLBaseStoreTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.mock_txn.__iter__ = Mock(return_value=iter([(1,), (2,), (3,)]))
         self.mock_txn.description = (("colA", None, None, None, None, None, None),)
 
-        ret = yield self.datastore._simple_select_list(
+        ret = yield self.datastore.simple_select_list(
             table="tablename", keyvalues={"keycol": "A set"}, retcols=["colA"]
         )
 
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ class SQLBaseStoreTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_update_one_1col(self):
         self.mock_txn.rowcount = 1
 
-        yield self.datastore._simple_update_one(
+        yield self.datastore.simple_update_one(
             table="tablename",
             keyvalues={"keycol": "TheKey"},
             updatevalues={"columnname": "New Value"},
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ class SQLBaseStoreTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_update_one_4cols(self):
         self.mock_txn.rowcount = 1
 
-        yield self.datastore._simple_update_one(
+        yield self.datastore.simple_update_one(
             table="tablename",
             keyvalues=OrderedDict([("colA", 1), ("colB", 2)]),
             updatevalues=OrderedDict([("colC", 3), ("colD", 4)]),
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ class SQLBaseStoreTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_delete_one(self):
         self.mock_txn.rowcount = 1
 
-        yield self.datastore._simple_delete_one(
+        yield self.datastore.simple_delete_one(
             table="tablename", keyvalues={"keycol": "Go away"}
         )
 
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_client_ips.py b/tests/storage/test_client_ips.py
index afac5dec7f..25bdd2c163 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_client_ips.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_client_ips.py
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ class ClientIpStoreTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         self.pump(0)
 
         result = self.get_success(
-            self.store._simple_select_list(
+            self.store.simple_select_list(
                 table="user_ips",
                 keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
                 retcols=["access_token", "ip", "user_agent", "device_id", "last_seen"],
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ class ClientIpStoreTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         self.pump(0)
 
         result = self.get_success(
-            self.store._simple_select_list(
+            self.store.simple_select_list(
                 table="user_ips",
                 keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
                 retcols=["access_token", "ip", "user_agent", "device_id", "last_seen"],
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ class ClientIpStoreTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
         # But clear the associated entry in devices table
         self.get_success(
-            self.store._simple_update(
+            self.store.simple_update(
                 table="devices",
                 keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "device_id": "device_id"},
                 updatevalues={"last_seen": None, "ip": None, "user_agent": None},
@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ class ClientIpStoreTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
         # Register the background update to run again.
         self.get_success(
-            self.store._simple_insert(
+            self.store.simple_insert(
                 table="background_updates",
                 values={
                     "update_name": "devices_last_seen",
@@ -297,7 +297,7 @@ class ClientIpStoreTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
         # We should see that in the DB
         result = self.get_success(
-            self.store._simple_select_list(
+            self.store.simple_select_list(
                 table="user_ips",
                 keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
                 retcols=["access_token", "ip", "user_agent", "device_id", "last_seen"],
@@ -323,7 +323,7 @@ class ClientIpStoreTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
         # We should get no results.
         result = self.get_success(
-            self.store._simple_select_list(
+            self.store.simple_select_list(
                 table="user_ips",
                 keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
                 retcols=["access_token", "ip", "user_agent", "device_id", "last_seen"],
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_event_push_actions.py b/tests/storage/test_event_push_actions.py
index b114c6fb1d..2337a1ae46 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_event_push_actions.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_event_push_actions.py
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ class EventPushActionsStoreTestCase(tests.unittest.TestCase):
         yield _inject_actions(6, PlAIN_NOTIF)
         yield _rotate(7)
 
-        yield self.store._simple_delete(
+        yield self.store.simple_delete(
             table="event_push_actions", keyvalues={"1": 1}, desc=""
         )
 
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ class EventPushActionsStoreTestCase(tests.unittest.TestCase):
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_find_first_stream_ordering_after_ts(self):
         def add_event(so, ts):
-            return self.store._simple_insert(
+            return self.store.simple_insert(
                 "events",
                 {
                     "stream_ordering": so,
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_redaction.py b/tests/storage/test_redaction.py
index 4561c3e383..4930b6777e 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_redaction.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_redaction.py
@@ -338,7 +338,7 @@ class RedactionTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         )
 
         event_json = self.get_success(
-            self.store._simple_select_one_onecol(
+            self.store.simple_select_one_onecol(
                 table="event_json",
                 keyvalues={"event_id": msg_event.event_id},
                 retcol="json",
@@ -356,7 +356,7 @@ class RedactionTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         self.reactor.advance(60 * 60 * 2)
 
         event_json = self.get_success(
-            self.store._simple_select_one_onecol(
+            self.store.simple_select_one_onecol(
                 table="event_json",
                 keyvalues={"event_id": msg_event.event_id},
                 retcol="json",
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_roommember.py b/tests/storage/test_roommember.py
index 105a0c2b02..d389cf578f 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_roommember.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_roommember.py
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ class CurrentStateMembershipUpdateTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
         # Register the background update to run again.
         self.get_success(
-            self.store._simple_insert(
+            self.store.simple_insert(
                 table="background_updates",
                 values={
                     "update_name": "current_state_events_membership",
diff --git a/tests/unittest.py b/tests/unittest.py
index 31997a0f31..295573bc46 100644
--- a/tests/unittest.py
+++ b/tests/unittest.py
@@ -544,7 +544,7 @@ class HomeserverTestCase(TestCase):
         Add the given event as an extremity to the room.
         """
         self.get_success(
-            self.hs.get_datastore()._simple_insert(
+            self.hs.get_datastore().simple_insert(
                 table="event_forward_extremities",
                 values={"room_id": room_id, "event_id": event_id},
                 desc="test_add_extremity",
-- 
cgit 1.5.1


From 756d4942f5707922f29fe1fdfd945d73a19d7ac3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Erik Johnston <erik@matrix.org>
Date: Wed, 4 Dec 2019 13:52:46 +0000
Subject: Move DB pool and helper functions into dedicated Database class

---
 scripts/synapse_port_db                            |   73 +-
 synapse/app/_base.py                               |    2 +-
 synapse/app/user_dir.py                            |    2 +-
 synapse/module_api/__init__.py                     |    2 +-
 synapse/storage/_base.py                           | 1468 +------------------
 synapse/storage/background_updates.py              |   16 +-
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/__init__.py       |   36 +-
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/account_data.py   |   26 +-
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/appservice.py     |   24 +-
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/cache.py          |    6 +-
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/client_ips.py     |   24 +-
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/deviceinbox.py    |   20 +-
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/devices.py        |   70 +-
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/directory.py      |   20 +-
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/e2e_room_keys.py  |   28 +-
 .../storage/data_stores/main/end_to_end_keys.py    |   44 +-
 .../storage/data_stores/main/event_federation.py   |   40 +-
 .../storage/data_stores/main/event_push_actions.py |   42 +-
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/events.py         |   90 +-
 .../storage/data_stores/main/events_bg_updates.py  |   24 +-
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/events_worker.py  |   18 +-
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/filtering.py      |    4 +-
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/group_server.py   |  160 +--
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/keys.py           |   12 +-
 .../storage/data_stores/main/media_repository.py   |   44 +-
 .../data_stores/main/monthly_active_users.py       |   12 +-
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/openid.py         |    6 +-
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/presence.py       |   12 +-
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/profile.py        |   28 +-
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/push_rule.py      |   36 +-
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/pusher.py         |   34 +-
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/receipts.py       |   36 +-
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/registration.py   |  164 +--
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/rejections.py     |    4 +-
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/relations.py      |   12 +-
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/room.py           |   74 +-
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/roommember.py     |   44 +-
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/search.py         |   30 +-
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/signatures.py     |    4 +-
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/state.py          |   54 +-
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/state_deltas.py   |    8 +-
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/stats.py          |   48 +-
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/stream.py         |   30 +-
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/tags.py           |   18 +-
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/transactions.py   |   22 +-
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/user_directory.py |   80 +-
 .../storage/data_stores/main/user_erasure_store.py |    6 +-
 synapse/storage/database.py                        | 1485 ++++++++++++++++++++
 tests/handlers/test_stats.py                       |   30 +-
 tests/handlers/test_user_directory.py              |   12 +-
 tests/rest/admin/test_admin.py                     |    2 +-
 tests/storage/test__base.py                        |   16 +-
 tests/storage/test_background_update.py            |    2 +-
 tests/storage/test_base.py                         |   18 +-
 tests/storage/test_cleanup_extrems.py              |    4 +-
 tests/storage/test_client_ips.py                   |   12 +-
 tests/storage/test_event_federation.py             |    8 +-
 tests/storage/test_event_push_actions.py           |   12 +-
 tests/storage/test_monthly_active_users.py         |    6 +-
 tests/storage/test_redaction.py                    |    4 +-
 tests/storage/test_roommember.py                   |    2 +-
 tests/unittest.py                                  |    2 +-
 62 files changed, 2377 insertions(+), 2295 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 synapse/storage/database.py

(limited to 'tests/handlers')

diff --git a/scripts/synapse_port_db b/scripts/synapse_port_db
index c4cf11d19a..7a2e177d3d 100755
--- a/scripts/synapse_port_db
+++ b/scripts/synapse_port_db
@@ -173,14 +173,14 @@ class Store(
             return (yield self.db_pool.runWithConnection(r))
 
     def execute(self, f, *args, **kwargs):
-        return self.runInteraction(f.__name__, f, *args, **kwargs)
+        return self.db.runInteraction(f.__name__, f, *args, **kwargs)
 
     def execute_sql(self, sql, *args):
         def r(txn):
             txn.execute(sql, args)
             return txn.fetchall()
 
-        return self.runInteraction("execute_sql", r)
+        return self.db.runInteraction("execute_sql", r)
 
     def insert_many_txn(self, txn, table, headers, rows):
         sql = "INSERT INTO %s (%s) VALUES (%s)" % (
@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ class Porter(object):
     def setup_table(self, table):
         if table in APPEND_ONLY_TABLES:
             # It's safe to just carry on inserting.
-            row = yield self.postgres_store.simple_select_one(
+            row = yield self.postgres_store.db.simple_select_one(
                 table="port_from_sqlite3",
                 keyvalues={"table_name": table},
                 retcols=("forward_rowid", "backward_rowid"),
@@ -233,12 +233,14 @@ class Porter(object):
             total_to_port = None
             if row is None:
                 if table == "sent_transactions":
-                    forward_chunk, already_ported, total_to_port = (
-                        yield self._setup_sent_transactions()
-                    )
+                    (
+                        forward_chunk,
+                        already_ported,
+                        total_to_port,
+                    ) = yield self._setup_sent_transactions()
                     backward_chunk = 0
                 else:
-                    yield self.postgres_store.simple_insert(
+                    yield self.postgres_store.db.simple_insert(
                         table="port_from_sqlite3",
                         values={
                             "table_name": table,
@@ -268,7 +270,7 @@ class Porter(object):
 
             yield self.postgres_store.execute(delete_all)
 
-            yield self.postgres_store.simple_insert(
+            yield self.postgres_store.db.simple_insert(
                 table="port_from_sqlite3",
                 values={"table_name": table, "forward_rowid": 1, "backward_rowid": 0},
             )
@@ -322,7 +324,7 @@ class Porter(object):
         if table == "user_directory_stream_pos":
             # We need to make sure there is a single row, `(X, null), as that is
             # what synapse expects to be there.
-            yield self.postgres_store.simple_insert(
+            yield self.postgres_store.db.simple_insert(
                 table=table, values={"stream_id": None}
             )
             self.progress.update(table, table_size)  # Mark table as done
@@ -363,7 +365,7 @@ class Porter(object):
 
                 return headers, forward_rows, backward_rows
 
-            headers, frows, brows = yield self.sqlite_store.runInteraction("select", r)
+            headers, frows, brows = yield self.sqlite_store.db.runInteraction("select", r)
 
             if frows or brows:
                 if frows:
@@ -377,7 +379,7 @@ class Porter(object):
                 def insert(txn):
                     self.postgres_store.insert_many_txn(txn, table, headers[1:], rows)
 
-                    self.postgres_store.simple_update_one_txn(
+                    self.postgres_store.db.simple_update_one_txn(
                         txn,
                         table="port_from_sqlite3",
                         keyvalues={"table_name": table},
@@ -416,7 +418,7 @@ class Porter(object):
 
                 return headers, rows
 
-            headers, rows = yield self.sqlite_store.runInteraction("select", r)
+            headers, rows = yield self.sqlite_store.db.runInteraction("select", r)
 
             if rows:
                 forward_chunk = rows[-1][0] + 1
@@ -433,8 +435,8 @@ class Porter(object):
                     rows_dict = []
                     for row in rows:
                         d = dict(zip(headers, row))
-                        if "\0" in d['value']:
-                            logger.warning('dropping search row %s', d)
+                        if "\0" in d["value"]:
+                            logger.warning("dropping search row %s", d)
                         else:
                             rows_dict.append(d)
 
@@ -454,7 +456,7 @@ class Porter(object):
                         ],
                     )
 
-                    self.postgres_store.simple_update_one_txn(
+                    self.postgres_store.db.simple_update_one_txn(
                         txn,
                         table="port_from_sqlite3",
                         keyvalues={"table_name": "event_search"},
@@ -504,17 +506,14 @@ class Porter(object):
         self.progress.set_state("Preparing %s" % config["name"])
         conn = self.setup_db(config, engine)
 
-        db_pool = adbapi.ConnectionPool(
-            config["name"], **config["args"]
-        )
+        db_pool = adbapi.ConnectionPool(config["name"], **config["args"])
 
         hs = MockHomeserver(self.hs_config, engine, conn, db_pool)
 
         store = Store(conn, hs)
 
-        yield store.runInteraction(
-            "%s_engine.check_database" % config["name"],
-            engine.check_database,
+        yield store.db.runInteraction(
+            "%s_engine.check_database" % config["name"], engine.check_database,
         )
 
         return store
@@ -541,7 +540,9 @@ class Porter(object):
             self.sqlite_store = yield self.build_db_store(self.sqlite_config)
 
             # Check if all background updates are done, abort if not.
-            updates_complete = yield self.sqlite_store.has_completed_background_updates()
+            updates_complete = (
+                yield self.sqlite_store.has_completed_background_updates()
+            )
             if not updates_complete:
                 sys.stderr.write(
                     "Pending background updates exist in the SQLite3 database."
@@ -582,22 +583,22 @@ class Porter(object):
                 )
 
             try:
-                yield self.postgres_store.runInteraction("alter_table", alter_table)
+                yield self.postgres_store.db.runInteraction("alter_table", alter_table)
             except Exception:
                 # On Error Resume Next
                 pass
 
-            yield self.postgres_store.runInteraction(
+            yield self.postgres_store.db.runInteraction(
                 "create_port_table", create_port_table
             )
 
             # Step 2. Get tables.
             self.progress.set_state("Fetching tables")
-            sqlite_tables = yield self.sqlite_store.simple_select_onecol(
+            sqlite_tables = yield self.sqlite_store.db.simple_select_onecol(
                 table="sqlite_master", keyvalues={"type": "table"}, retcol="name"
             )
 
-            postgres_tables = yield self.postgres_store.simple_select_onecol(
+            postgres_tables = yield self.postgres_store.db.simple_select_onecol(
                 table="information_schema.tables",
                 keyvalues={},
                 retcol="distinct table_name",
@@ -687,11 +688,11 @@ class Porter(object):
             rows = txn.fetchall()
             headers = [column[0] for column in txn.description]
 
-            ts_ind = headers.index('ts')
+            ts_ind = headers.index("ts")
 
             return headers, [r for r in rows if r[ts_ind] < yesterday]
 
-        headers, rows = yield self.sqlite_store.runInteraction("select", r)
+        headers, rows = yield self.sqlite_store.db.runInteraction("select", r)
 
         rows = self._convert_rows("sent_transactions", headers, rows)
 
@@ -724,7 +725,7 @@ class Porter(object):
         next_chunk = yield self.sqlite_store.execute(get_start_id)
         next_chunk = max(max_inserted_rowid + 1, next_chunk)
 
-        yield self.postgres_store.simple_insert(
+        yield self.postgres_store.db.simple_insert(
             table="port_from_sqlite3",
             values={
                 "table_name": "sent_transactions",
@@ -737,7 +738,7 @@ class Porter(object):
             txn.execute(
                 "SELECT count(*) FROM sent_transactions" " WHERE ts >= ?", (yesterday,)
             )
-            size, = txn.fetchone()
+            (size,) = txn.fetchone()
             return int(size)
 
         remaining_count = yield self.sqlite_store.execute(get_sent_table_size)
@@ -790,7 +791,7 @@ class Porter(object):
             next_id = curr_id + 1
             txn.execute("ALTER SEQUENCE state_group_id_seq RESTART WITH %s", (next_id,))
 
-        return self.postgres_store.runInteraction("setup_state_group_id_seq", r)
+        return self.postgres_store.db.runInteraction("setup_state_group_id_seq", r)
 
 
 ##############################################
@@ -871,7 +872,7 @@ class CursesProgress(Progress):
         duration = int(now) - int(self.start_time)
 
         minutes, seconds = divmod(duration, 60)
-        duration_str = '%02dm %02ds' % (minutes, seconds)
+        duration_str = "%02dm %02ds" % (minutes, seconds)
 
         if self.finished:
             status = "Time spent: %s (Done!)" % (duration_str,)
@@ -881,7 +882,7 @@ class CursesProgress(Progress):
                 left = float(self.total_remaining) / self.total_processed
 
                 est_remaining = (int(now) - self.start_time) * left
-                est_remaining_str = '%02dm %02ds remaining' % divmod(est_remaining, 60)
+                est_remaining_str = "%02dm %02ds remaining" % divmod(est_remaining, 60)
             else:
                 est_remaining_str = "Unknown"
             status = "Time spent: %s (est. remaining: %s)" % (
@@ -967,7 +968,7 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
         description="A script to port an existing synapse SQLite database to"
         " a new PostgreSQL database."
     )
-    parser.add_argument("-v", action='store_true')
+    parser.add_argument("-v", action="store_true")
     parser.add_argument(
         "--sqlite-database",
         required=True,
@@ -976,12 +977,12 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
     )
     parser.add_argument(
         "--postgres-config",
-        type=argparse.FileType('r'),
+        type=argparse.FileType("r"),
         required=True,
         help="The database config file for the PostgreSQL database",
     )
     parser.add_argument(
-        "--curses", action='store_true', help="display a curses based progress UI"
+        "--curses", action="store_true", help="display a curses based progress UI"
     )
 
     parser.add_argument(
diff --git a/synapse/app/_base.py b/synapse/app/_base.py
index 2ac7d5c064..9c96816096 100644
--- a/synapse/app/_base.py
+++ b/synapse/app/_base.py
@@ -269,7 +269,7 @@ def start(hs, listeners=None):
 
         # It is now safe to start your Synapse.
         hs.start_listening(listeners)
-        hs.get_datastore().start_profiling()
+        hs.get_datastore().db.start_profiling()
 
         setup_sentry(hs)
         setup_sdnotify(hs)
diff --git a/synapse/app/user_dir.py b/synapse/app/user_dir.py
index 0fa2b50999..b6d4481725 100644
--- a/synapse/app/user_dir.py
+++ b/synapse/app/user_dir.py
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ class UserDirectorySlaveStore(
         super(UserDirectorySlaveStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
 
         events_max = self._stream_id_gen.get_current_token()
-        curr_state_delta_prefill, min_curr_state_delta_id = self.get_cache_dict(
+        curr_state_delta_prefill, min_curr_state_delta_id = self.db.get_cache_dict(
             db_conn,
             "current_state_delta_stream",
             entity_column="room_id",
diff --git a/synapse/module_api/__init__.py b/synapse/module_api/__init__.py
index 735b882363..305b9b0178 100644
--- a/synapse/module_api/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/module_api/__init__.py
@@ -175,4 +175,4 @@ class ModuleApi(object):
         Returns:
             Deferred[object]: result of func
         """
-        return self._store.runInteraction(desc, func, *args, **kwargs)
+        return self._store.db.runInteraction(desc, func, *args, **kwargs)
diff --git a/synapse/storage/_base.py b/synapse/storage/_base.py
index 9205e550bb..fd5bb3e1de 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/_base.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/_base.py
@@ -16,1304 +16,28 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 import logging
 import random
-import sys
-import time
-from typing import Iterable, Tuple
 
-from six import PY2, iteritems, iterkeys, itervalues
-from six.moves import builtins, intern, range
+from six import PY2
+from six.moves import builtins
 
 from canonicaljson import json
-from prometheus_client import Histogram
 
-from twisted.internet import defer
-
-from synapse.api.errors import StoreError
-from synapse.logging.context import LoggingContext, make_deferred_yieldable
-from synapse.metrics.background_process_metrics import run_as_background_process
-from synapse.storage.engines import PostgresEngine, Sqlite3Engine
+from synapse.storage.database import LoggingTransaction  # noqa: F401
+from synapse.storage.database import make_in_list_sql_clause  # noqa: F401
+from synapse.storage.database import Database
 from synapse.types import get_domain_from_id
-from synapse.util.stringutils import exception_to_unicode
-
-# import a function which will return a monotonic time, in seconds
-try:
-    # on python 3, use time.monotonic, since time.clock can go backwards
-    from time import monotonic as monotonic_time
-except ImportError:
-    # ... but python 2 doesn't have it
-    from time import clock as monotonic_time
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
-try:
-    MAX_TXN_ID = sys.maxint - 1
-except AttributeError:
-    # python 3 does not have a maximum int value
-    MAX_TXN_ID = 2 ** 63 - 1
-
-sql_logger = logging.getLogger("synapse.storage.SQL")
-transaction_logger = logging.getLogger("synapse.storage.txn")
-perf_logger = logging.getLogger("synapse.storage.TIME")
-
-sql_scheduling_timer = Histogram("synapse_storage_schedule_time", "sec")
-
-sql_query_timer = Histogram("synapse_storage_query_time", "sec", ["verb"])
-sql_txn_timer = Histogram("synapse_storage_transaction_time", "sec", ["desc"])
-
-
-# Unique indexes which have been added in background updates. Maps from table name
-# to the name of the background update which added the unique index to that table.
-#
-# This is used by the upsert logic to figure out which tables are safe to do a proper
-# UPSERT on: until the relevant background update has completed, we
-# have to emulate an upsert by locking the table.
-#
-UNIQUE_INDEX_BACKGROUND_UPDATES = {
-    "user_ips": "user_ips_device_unique_index",
-    "device_lists_remote_extremeties": "device_lists_remote_extremeties_unique_idx",
-    "device_lists_remote_cache": "device_lists_remote_cache_unique_idx",
-    "event_search": "event_search_event_id_idx",
-}
-
-
-class LoggingTransaction(object):
-    """An object that almost-transparently proxies for the 'txn' object
-    passed to the constructor. Adds logging and metrics to the .execute()
-    method.
-
-    Args:
-        txn: The database transcation object to wrap.
-        name (str): The name of this transactions for logging.
-        database_engine (Sqlite3Engine|PostgresEngine)
-        after_callbacks(list|None): A list that callbacks will be appended to
-            that have been added by `call_after` which should be run on
-            successful completion of the transaction. None indicates that no
-            callbacks should be allowed to be scheduled to run.
-        exception_callbacks(list|None): A list that callbacks will be appended
-            to that have been added by `call_on_exception` which should be run
-            if transaction ends with an error. None indicates that no callbacks
-            should be allowed to be scheduled to run.
-    """
-
-    __slots__ = [
-        "txn",
-        "name",
-        "database_engine",
-        "after_callbacks",
-        "exception_callbacks",
-    ]
-
-    def __init__(
-        self, txn, name, database_engine, after_callbacks=None, exception_callbacks=None
-    ):
-        object.__setattr__(self, "txn", txn)
-        object.__setattr__(self, "name", name)
-        object.__setattr__(self, "database_engine", database_engine)
-        object.__setattr__(self, "after_callbacks", after_callbacks)
-        object.__setattr__(self, "exception_callbacks", exception_callbacks)
-
-    def call_after(self, callback, *args, **kwargs):
-        """Call the given callback on the main twisted thread after the
-        transaction has finished. Used to invalidate the caches on the
-        correct thread.
-        """
-        self.after_callbacks.append((callback, args, kwargs))
-
-    def call_on_exception(self, callback, *args, **kwargs):
-        self.exception_callbacks.append((callback, args, kwargs))
-
-    def __getattr__(self, name):
-        return getattr(self.txn, name)
-
-    def __setattr__(self, name, value):
-        setattr(self.txn, name, value)
-
-    def __iter__(self):
-        return self.txn.__iter__()
-
-    def execute_batch(self, sql, args):
-        if isinstance(self.database_engine, PostgresEngine):
-            from psycopg2.extras import execute_batch
-
-            self._do_execute(lambda *x: execute_batch(self.txn, *x), sql, args)
-        else:
-            for val in args:
-                self.execute(sql, val)
-
-    def execute(self, sql, *args):
-        self._do_execute(self.txn.execute, sql, *args)
-
-    def executemany(self, sql, *args):
-        self._do_execute(self.txn.executemany, sql, *args)
-
-    def _make_sql_one_line(self, sql):
-        "Strip newlines out of SQL so that the loggers in the DB are on one line"
-        return " ".join(l.strip() for l in sql.splitlines() if l.strip())
-
-    def _do_execute(self, func, sql, *args):
-        sql = self._make_sql_one_line(sql)
-
-        # TODO(paul): Maybe use 'info' and 'debug' for values?
-        sql_logger.debug("[SQL] {%s} %s", self.name, sql)
-
-        sql = self.database_engine.convert_param_style(sql)
-        if args:
-            try:
-                sql_logger.debug("[SQL values] {%s} %r", self.name, args[0])
-            except Exception:
-                # Don't let logging failures stop SQL from working
-                pass
-
-        start = time.time()
-
-        try:
-            return func(sql, *args)
-        except Exception as e:
-            logger.debug("[SQL FAIL] {%s} %s", self.name, e)
-            raise
-        finally:
-            secs = time.time() - start
-            sql_logger.debug("[SQL time] {%s} %f sec", self.name, secs)
-            sql_query_timer.labels(sql.split()[0]).observe(secs)
-
-
-class PerformanceCounters(object):
-    def __init__(self):
-        self.current_counters = {}
-        self.previous_counters = {}
-
-    def update(self, key, duration_secs):
-        count, cum_time = self.current_counters.get(key, (0, 0))
-        count += 1
-        cum_time += duration_secs
-        self.current_counters[key] = (count, cum_time)
-
-    def interval(self, interval_duration_secs, limit=3):
-        counters = []
-        for name, (count, cum_time) in iteritems(self.current_counters):
-            prev_count, prev_time = self.previous_counters.get(name, (0, 0))
-            counters.append(
-                (
-                    (cum_time - prev_time) / interval_duration_secs,
-                    count - prev_count,
-                    name,
-                )
-            )
-
-        self.previous_counters = dict(self.current_counters)
-
-        counters.sort(reverse=True)
-
-        top_n_counters = ", ".join(
-            "%s(%d): %.3f%%" % (name, count, 100 * ratio)
-            for ratio, count, name in counters[:limit]
-        )
-
-        return top_n_counters
-
 
 class SQLBaseStore(object):
-    _TXN_ID = 0
-
     def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
         self.hs = hs
         self._clock = hs.get_clock()
-        self._db_pool = hs.get_db_pool()
-
-        self._previous_txn_total_time = 0
-        self._current_txn_total_time = 0
-        self._previous_loop_ts = 0
-
-        # TODO(paul): These can eventually be removed once the metrics code
-        #   is running in mainline, and we have some nice monitoring frontends
-        #   to watch it
-        self._txn_perf_counters = PerformanceCounters()
-
         self.database_engine = hs.database_engine
-
-        # A set of tables that are not safe to use native upserts in.
-        self._unsafe_to_upsert_tables = set(UNIQUE_INDEX_BACKGROUND_UPDATES.keys())
-
-        # We add the user_directory_search table to the blacklist on SQLite
-        # because the existing search table does not have an index, making it
-        # unsafe to use native upserts.
-        if isinstance(self.database_engine, Sqlite3Engine):
-            self._unsafe_to_upsert_tables.add("user_directory_search")
-
-        if self.database_engine.can_native_upsert:
-            # Check ASAP (and then later, every 1s) to see if we have finished
-            # background updates of tables that aren't safe to update.
-            self._clock.call_later(
-                0.0,
-                run_as_background_process,
-                "upsert_safety_check",
-                self._check_safe_to_upsert,
-            )
-
+        self.db = Database(hs)
         self.rand = random.SystemRandom()
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _check_safe_to_upsert(self):
-        """
-        Is it safe to use native UPSERT?
-
-        If there are background updates, we will need to wait, as they may be
-        the addition of indexes that set the UNIQUE constraint that we require.
-
-        If the background updates have not completed, wait 15 sec and check again.
-        """
-        updates = yield self.simple_select_list(
-            "background_updates",
-            keyvalues=None,
-            retcols=["update_name"],
-            desc="check_background_updates",
-        )
-        updates = [x["update_name"] for x in updates]
-
-        for table, update_name in UNIQUE_INDEX_BACKGROUND_UPDATES.items():
-            if update_name not in updates:
-                logger.debug("Now safe to upsert in %s", table)
-                self._unsafe_to_upsert_tables.discard(table)
-
-        # If there's any updates still running, reschedule to run.
-        if updates:
-            self._clock.call_later(
-                15.0,
-                run_as_background_process,
-                "upsert_safety_check",
-                self._check_safe_to_upsert,
-            )
-
-    def start_profiling(self):
-        self._previous_loop_ts = monotonic_time()
-
-        def loop():
-            curr = self._current_txn_total_time
-            prev = self._previous_txn_total_time
-            self._previous_txn_total_time = curr
-
-            time_now = monotonic_time()
-            time_then = self._previous_loop_ts
-            self._previous_loop_ts = time_now
-
-            duration = time_now - time_then
-            ratio = (curr - prev) / duration
-
-            top_three_counters = self._txn_perf_counters.interval(duration, limit=3)
-
-            perf_logger.info(
-                "Total database time: %.3f%% {%s}", ratio * 100, top_three_counters
-            )
-
-        self._clock.looping_call(loop, 10000)
-
-    def new_transaction(
-        self, conn, desc, after_callbacks, exception_callbacks, func, *args, **kwargs
-    ):
-        start = monotonic_time()
-        txn_id = self._TXN_ID
-
-        # We don't really need these to be unique, so lets stop it from
-        # growing really large.
-        self._TXN_ID = (self._TXN_ID + 1) % (MAX_TXN_ID)
-
-        name = "%s-%x" % (desc, txn_id)
-
-        transaction_logger.debug("[TXN START] {%s}", name)
-
-        try:
-            i = 0
-            N = 5
-            while True:
-                cursor = LoggingTransaction(
-                    conn.cursor(),
-                    name,
-                    self.database_engine,
-                    after_callbacks,
-                    exception_callbacks,
-                )
-                try:
-                    r = func(cursor, *args, **kwargs)
-                    conn.commit()
-                    return r
-                except self.database_engine.module.OperationalError as e:
-                    # This can happen if the database disappears mid
-                    # transaction.
-                    logger.warning(
-                        "[TXN OPERROR] {%s} %s %d/%d",
-                        name,
-                        exception_to_unicode(e),
-                        i,
-                        N,
-                    )
-                    if i < N:
-                        i += 1
-                        try:
-                            conn.rollback()
-                        except self.database_engine.module.Error as e1:
-                            logger.warning(
-                                "[TXN EROLL] {%s} %s", name, exception_to_unicode(e1)
-                            )
-                        continue
-                    raise
-                except self.database_engine.module.DatabaseError as e:
-                    if self.database_engine.is_deadlock(e):
-                        logger.warning("[TXN DEADLOCK] {%s} %d/%d", name, i, N)
-                        if i < N:
-                            i += 1
-                            try:
-                                conn.rollback()
-                            except self.database_engine.module.Error as e1:
-                                logger.warning(
-                                    "[TXN EROLL] {%s} %s",
-                                    name,
-                                    exception_to_unicode(e1),
-                                )
-                            continue
-                    raise
-                finally:
-                    # we're either about to retry with a new cursor, or we're about to
-                    # release the connection. Once we release the connection, it could
-                    # get used for another query, which might do a conn.rollback().
-                    #
-                    # In the latter case, even though that probably wouldn't affect the
-                    # results of this transaction, python's sqlite will reset all
-                    # statements on the connection [1], which will make our cursor
-                    # invalid [2].
-                    #
-                    # In any case, continuing to read rows after commit()ing seems
-                    # dubious from the PoV of ACID transactional semantics
-                    # (sqlite explicitly says that once you commit, you may see rows
-                    # from subsequent updates.)
-                    #
-                    # In psycopg2, cursors are essentially a client-side fabrication -
-                    # all the data is transferred to the client side when the statement
-                    # finishes executing - so in theory we could go on streaming results
-                    # from the cursor, but attempting to do so would make us
-                    # incompatible with sqlite, so let's make sure we're not doing that
-                    # by closing the cursor.
-                    #
-                    # (*named* cursors in psycopg2 are different and are proper server-
-                    # side things, but (a) we don't use them and (b) they are implicitly
-                    # closed by ending the transaction anyway.)
-                    #
-                    # In short, if we haven't finished with the cursor yet, that's a
-                    # problem waiting to bite us.
-                    #
-                    # TL;DR: we're done with the cursor, so we can close it.
-                    #
-                    # [1]: https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/v3.8.0/Modules/_sqlite/connection.c#L465
-                    # [2]: https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/v3.8.0/Modules/_sqlite/cursor.c#L236
-                    cursor.close()
-        except Exception as e:
-            logger.debug("[TXN FAIL] {%s} %s", name, e)
-            raise
-        finally:
-            end = monotonic_time()
-            duration = end - start
-
-            LoggingContext.current_context().add_database_transaction(duration)
-
-            transaction_logger.debug("[TXN END] {%s} %f sec", name, duration)
-
-            self._current_txn_total_time += duration
-            self._txn_perf_counters.update(desc, duration)
-            sql_txn_timer.labels(desc).observe(duration)
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def runInteraction(self, desc, func, *args, **kwargs):
-        """Starts a transaction on the database and runs a given function
-
-        Arguments:
-            desc (str): description of the transaction, for logging and metrics
-            func (func): callback function, which will be called with a
-                database transaction (twisted.enterprise.adbapi.Transaction) as
-                its first argument, followed by `args` and `kwargs`.
-
-            args (list): positional args to pass to `func`
-            kwargs (dict): named args to pass to `func`
-
-        Returns:
-            Deferred: The result of func
-        """
-        after_callbacks = []
-        exception_callbacks = []
-
-        if LoggingContext.current_context() == LoggingContext.sentinel:
-            logger.warning("Starting db txn '%s' from sentinel context", desc)
-
-        try:
-            result = yield self.runWithConnection(
-                self.new_transaction,
-                desc,
-                after_callbacks,
-                exception_callbacks,
-                func,
-                *args,
-                **kwargs
-            )
-
-            for after_callback, after_args, after_kwargs in after_callbacks:
-                after_callback(*after_args, **after_kwargs)
-        except:  # noqa: E722, as we reraise the exception this is fine.
-            for after_callback, after_args, after_kwargs in exception_callbacks:
-                after_callback(*after_args, **after_kwargs)
-            raise
-
-        return result
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def runWithConnection(self, func, *args, **kwargs):
-        """Wraps the .runWithConnection() method on the underlying db_pool.
-
-        Arguments:
-            func (func): callback function, which will be called with a
-                database connection (twisted.enterprise.adbapi.Connection) as
-                its first argument, followed by `args` and `kwargs`.
-            args (list): positional args to pass to `func`
-            kwargs (dict): named args to pass to `func`
-
-        Returns:
-            Deferred: The result of func
-        """
-        parent_context = LoggingContext.current_context()
-        if parent_context == LoggingContext.sentinel:
-            logger.warning(
-                "Starting db connection from sentinel context: metrics will be lost"
-            )
-            parent_context = None
-
-        start_time = monotonic_time()
-
-        def inner_func(conn, *args, **kwargs):
-            with LoggingContext("runWithConnection", parent_context) as context:
-                sched_duration_sec = monotonic_time() - start_time
-                sql_scheduling_timer.observe(sched_duration_sec)
-                context.add_database_scheduled(sched_duration_sec)
-
-                if self.database_engine.is_connection_closed(conn):
-                    logger.debug("Reconnecting closed database connection")
-                    conn.reconnect()
-
-                return func(conn, *args, **kwargs)
-
-        result = yield make_deferred_yieldable(
-            self._db_pool.runWithConnection(inner_func, *args, **kwargs)
-        )
-
-        return result
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def cursor_to_dict(cursor):
-        """Converts a SQL cursor into an list of dicts.
-
-        Args:
-            cursor : The DBAPI cursor which has executed a query.
-        Returns:
-            A list of dicts where the key is the column header.
-        """
-        col_headers = list(intern(str(column[0])) for column in cursor.description)
-        results = list(dict(zip(col_headers, row)) for row in cursor)
-        return results
-
-    def execute(self, desc, decoder, query, *args):
-        """Runs a single query for a result set.
-
-        Args:
-            decoder - The function which can resolve the cursor results to
-                something meaningful.
-            query - The query string to execute
-            *args - Query args.
-        Returns:
-            The result of decoder(results)
-        """
-
-        def interaction(txn):
-            txn.execute(query, args)
-            if decoder:
-                return decoder(txn)
-            else:
-                return txn.fetchall()
-
-        return self.runInteraction(desc, interaction)
-
-    # "Simple" SQL API methods that operate on a single table with no JOINs,
-    # no complex WHERE clauses, just a dict of values for columns.
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def simple_insert(self, table, values, or_ignore=False, desc="simple_insert"):
-        """Executes an INSERT query on the named table.
-
-        Args:
-            table : string giving the table name
-            values : dict of new column names and values for them
-            or_ignore : bool stating whether an exception should be raised
-                when a conflicting row already exists. If True, False will be
-                returned by the function instead
-            desc : string giving a description of the transaction
-
-        Returns:
-            bool: Whether the row was inserted or not. Only useful when
-            `or_ignore` is True
-        """
-        try:
-            yield self.runInteraction(desc, self.simple_insert_txn, table, values)
-        except self.database_engine.module.IntegrityError:
-            # We have to do or_ignore flag at this layer, since we can't reuse
-            # a cursor after we receive an error from the db.
-            if not or_ignore:
-                raise
-            return False
-        return True
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def simple_insert_txn(txn, table, values):
-        keys, vals = zip(*values.items())
-
-        sql = "INSERT INTO %s (%s) VALUES(%s)" % (
-            table,
-            ", ".join(k for k in keys),
-            ", ".join("?" for _ in keys),
-        )
-
-        txn.execute(sql, vals)
-
-    def simple_insert_many(self, table, values, desc):
-        return self.runInteraction(desc, self.simple_insert_many_txn, table, values)
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def simple_insert_many_txn(txn, table, values):
-        if not values:
-            return
-
-        # This is a *slight* abomination to get a list of tuples of key names
-        # and a list of tuples of value names.
-        #
-        # i.e. [{"a": 1, "b": 2}, {"c": 3, "d": 4}]
-        #         => [("a", "b",), ("c", "d",)] and [(1, 2,), (3, 4,)]
-        #
-        # The sort is to ensure that we don't rely on dictionary iteration
-        # order.
-        keys, vals = zip(
-            *[zip(*(sorted(i.items(), key=lambda kv: kv[0]))) for i in values if i]
-        )
-
-        for k in keys:
-            if k != keys[0]:
-                raise RuntimeError("All items must have the same keys")
-
-        sql = "INSERT INTO %s (%s) VALUES(%s)" % (
-            table,
-            ", ".join(k for k in keys[0]),
-            ", ".join("?" for _ in keys[0]),
-        )
-
-        txn.executemany(sql, vals)
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def simple_upsert(
-        self,
-        table,
-        keyvalues,
-        values,
-        insertion_values={},
-        desc="simple_upsert",
-        lock=True,
-    ):
-        """
-
-        `lock` should generally be set to True (the default), but can be set
-        to False if either of the following are true:
-
-        * there is a UNIQUE INDEX on the key columns. In this case a conflict
-          will cause an IntegrityError in which case this function will retry
-          the update.
-
-        * we somehow know that we are the only thread which will be updating
-          this table.
-
-        Args:
-            table (str): The table to upsert into
-            keyvalues (dict): The unique key columns and their new values
-            values (dict): The nonunique columns and their new values
-            insertion_values (dict): additional key/values to use only when
-                inserting
-            lock (bool): True to lock the table when doing the upsert.
-        Returns:
-            Deferred(None or bool): Native upserts always return None. Emulated
-            upserts return True if a new entry was created, False if an existing
-            one was updated.
-        """
-        attempts = 0
-        while True:
-            try:
-                result = yield self.runInteraction(
-                    desc,
-                    self.simple_upsert_txn,
-                    table,
-                    keyvalues,
-                    values,
-                    insertion_values,
-                    lock=lock,
-                )
-                return result
-            except self.database_engine.module.IntegrityError as e:
-                attempts += 1
-                if attempts >= 5:
-                    # don't retry forever, because things other than races
-                    # can cause IntegrityErrors
-                    raise
-
-                # presumably we raced with another transaction: let's retry.
-                logger.warning(
-                    "IntegrityError when upserting into %s; retrying: %s", table, e
-                )
-
-    def simple_upsert_txn(
-        self, txn, table, keyvalues, values, insertion_values={}, lock=True
-    ):
-        """
-        Pick the UPSERT method which works best on the platform. Either the
-        native one (Pg9.5+, recent SQLites), or fall back to an emulated method.
-
-        Args:
-            txn: The transaction to use.
-            table (str): The table to upsert into
-            keyvalues (dict): The unique key tables and their new values
-            values (dict): The nonunique columns and their new values
-            insertion_values (dict): additional key/values to use only when
-                inserting
-            lock (bool): True to lock the table when doing the upsert.
-        Returns:
-            None or bool: Native upserts always return None. Emulated
-            upserts return True if a new entry was created, False if an existing
-            one was updated.
-        """
-        if (
-            self.database_engine.can_native_upsert
-            and table not in self._unsafe_to_upsert_tables
-        ):
-            return self.simple_upsert_txn_native_upsert(
-                txn, table, keyvalues, values, insertion_values=insertion_values
-            )
-        else:
-            return self.simple_upsert_txn_emulated(
-                txn,
-                table,
-                keyvalues,
-                values,
-                insertion_values=insertion_values,
-                lock=lock,
-            )
-
-    def simple_upsert_txn_emulated(
-        self, txn, table, keyvalues, values, insertion_values={}, lock=True
-    ):
-        """
-        Args:
-            table (str): The table to upsert into
-            keyvalues (dict): The unique key tables and their new values
-            values (dict): The nonunique columns and their new values
-            insertion_values (dict): additional key/values to use only when
-                inserting
-            lock (bool): True to lock the table when doing the upsert.
-        Returns:
-            bool: Return True if a new entry was created, False if an existing
-            one was updated.
-        """
-        # We need to lock the table :(, unless we're *really* careful
-        if lock:
-            self.database_engine.lock_table(txn, table)
-
-        def _getwhere(key):
-            # If the value we're passing in is None (aka NULL), we need to use
-            # IS, not =, as NULL = NULL equals NULL (False).
-            if keyvalues[key] is None:
-                return "%s IS ?" % (key,)
-            else:
-                return "%s = ?" % (key,)
-
-        if not values:
-            # If `values` is empty, then all of the values we care about are in
-            # the unique key, so there is nothing to UPDATE. We can just do a
-            # SELECT instead to see if it exists.
-            sql = "SELECT 1 FROM %s WHERE %s" % (
-                table,
-                " AND ".join(_getwhere(k) for k in keyvalues),
-            )
-            sqlargs = list(keyvalues.values())
-            txn.execute(sql, sqlargs)
-            if txn.fetchall():
-                # We have an existing record.
-                return False
-        else:
-            # First try to update.
-            sql = "UPDATE %s SET %s WHERE %s" % (
-                table,
-                ", ".join("%s = ?" % (k,) for k in values),
-                " AND ".join(_getwhere(k) for k in keyvalues),
-            )
-            sqlargs = list(values.values()) + list(keyvalues.values())
-
-            txn.execute(sql, sqlargs)
-            if txn.rowcount > 0:
-                # successfully updated at least one row.
-                return False
-
-        # We didn't find any existing rows, so insert a new one
-        allvalues = {}
-        allvalues.update(keyvalues)
-        allvalues.update(values)
-        allvalues.update(insertion_values)
-
-        sql = "INSERT INTO %s (%s) VALUES (%s)" % (
-            table,
-            ", ".join(k for k in allvalues),
-            ", ".join("?" for _ in allvalues),
-        )
-        txn.execute(sql, list(allvalues.values()))
-        # successfully inserted
-        return True
-
-    def simple_upsert_txn_native_upsert(
-        self, txn, table, keyvalues, values, insertion_values={}
-    ):
-        """
-        Use the native UPSERT functionality in recent PostgreSQL versions.
-
-        Args:
-            table (str): The table to upsert into
-            keyvalues (dict): The unique key tables and their new values
-            values (dict): The nonunique columns and their new values
-            insertion_values (dict): additional key/values to use only when
-                inserting
-        Returns:
-            None
-        """
-        allvalues = {}
-        allvalues.update(keyvalues)
-        allvalues.update(insertion_values)
-
-        if not values:
-            latter = "NOTHING"
-        else:
-            allvalues.update(values)
-            latter = "UPDATE SET " + ", ".join(k + "=EXCLUDED." + k for k in values)
-
-        sql = ("INSERT INTO %s (%s) VALUES (%s) ON CONFLICT (%s) DO %s") % (
-            table,
-            ", ".join(k for k in allvalues),
-            ", ".join("?" for _ in allvalues),
-            ", ".join(k for k in keyvalues),
-            latter,
-        )
-        txn.execute(sql, list(allvalues.values()))
-
-    def simple_upsert_many_txn(
-        self, txn, table, key_names, key_values, value_names, value_values
-    ):
-        """
-        Upsert, many times.
-
-        Args:
-            table (str): The table to upsert into
-            key_names (list[str]): The key column names.
-            key_values (list[list]): A list of each row's key column values.
-            value_names (list[str]): The value column names. If empty, no
-                values will be used, even if value_values is provided.
-            value_values (list[list]): A list of each row's value column values.
-        Returns:
-            None
-        """
-        if (
-            self.database_engine.can_native_upsert
-            and table not in self._unsafe_to_upsert_tables
-        ):
-            return self.simple_upsert_many_txn_native_upsert(
-                txn, table, key_names, key_values, value_names, value_values
-            )
-        else:
-            return self.simple_upsert_many_txn_emulated(
-                txn, table, key_names, key_values, value_names, value_values
-            )
-
-    def simple_upsert_many_txn_emulated(
-        self, txn, table, key_names, key_values, value_names, value_values
-    ):
-        """
-        Upsert, many times, but without native UPSERT support or batching.
-
-        Args:
-            table (str): The table to upsert into
-            key_names (list[str]): The key column names.
-            key_values (list[list]): A list of each row's key column values.
-            value_names (list[str]): The value column names. If empty, no
-                values will be used, even if value_values is provided.
-            value_values (list[list]): A list of each row's value column values.
-        Returns:
-            None
-        """
-        # No value columns, therefore make a blank list so that the following
-        # zip() works correctly.
-        if not value_names:
-            value_values = [() for x in range(len(key_values))]
-
-        for keyv, valv in zip(key_values, value_values):
-            _keys = {x: y for x, y in zip(key_names, keyv)}
-            _vals = {x: y for x, y in zip(value_names, valv)}
-
-            self.simple_upsert_txn_emulated(txn, table, _keys, _vals)
-
-    def simple_upsert_many_txn_native_upsert(
-        self, txn, table, key_names, key_values, value_names, value_values
-    ):
-        """
-        Upsert, many times, using batching where possible.
-
-        Args:
-            table (str): The table to upsert into
-            key_names (list[str]): The key column names.
-            key_values (list[list]): A list of each row's key column values.
-            value_names (list[str]): The value column names. If empty, no
-                values will be used, even if value_values is provided.
-            value_values (list[list]): A list of each row's value column values.
-        Returns:
-            None
-        """
-        allnames = []
-        allnames.extend(key_names)
-        allnames.extend(value_names)
-
-        if not value_names:
-            # No value columns, therefore make a blank list so that the
-            # following zip() works correctly.
-            latter = "NOTHING"
-            value_values = [() for x in range(len(key_values))]
-        else:
-            latter = "UPDATE SET " + ", ".join(
-                k + "=EXCLUDED." + k for k in value_names
-            )
-
-        sql = "INSERT INTO %s (%s) VALUES (%s) ON CONFLICT (%s) DO %s" % (
-            table,
-            ", ".join(k for k in allnames),
-            ", ".join("?" for _ in allnames),
-            ", ".join(key_names),
-            latter,
-        )
-
-        args = []
-
-        for x, y in zip(key_values, value_values):
-            args.append(tuple(x) + tuple(y))
-
-        return txn.execute_batch(sql, args)
-
-    def simple_select_one(
-        self, table, keyvalues, retcols, allow_none=False, desc="simple_select_one"
-    ):
-        """Executes a SELECT query on the named table, which is expected to
-        return a single row, returning multiple columns from it.
-
-        Args:
-            table : string giving the table name
-            keyvalues : dict of column names and values to select the row with
-            retcols : list of strings giving the names of the columns to return
-
-            allow_none : If true, return None instead of failing if the SELECT
-              statement returns no rows
-        """
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            desc, self.simple_select_one_txn, table, keyvalues, retcols, allow_none
-        )
-
-    def simple_select_one_onecol(
-        self,
-        table,
-        keyvalues,
-        retcol,
-        allow_none=False,
-        desc="simple_select_one_onecol",
-    ):
-        """Executes a SELECT query on the named table, which is expected to
-        return a single row, returning a single column from it.
-
-        Args:
-            table : string giving the table name
-            keyvalues : dict of column names and values to select the row with
-            retcol : string giving the name of the column to return
-        """
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            desc,
-            self.simple_select_one_onecol_txn,
-            table,
-            keyvalues,
-            retcol,
-            allow_none=allow_none,
-        )
-
-    @classmethod
-    def simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
-        cls, txn, table, keyvalues, retcol, allow_none=False
-    ):
-        ret = cls.simple_select_onecol_txn(
-            txn, table=table, keyvalues=keyvalues, retcol=retcol
-        )
-
-        if ret:
-            return ret[0]
-        else:
-            if allow_none:
-                return None
-            else:
-                raise StoreError(404, "No row found")
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def simple_select_onecol_txn(txn, table, keyvalues, retcol):
-        sql = ("SELECT %(retcol)s FROM %(table)s") % {"retcol": retcol, "table": table}
-
-        if keyvalues:
-            sql += " WHERE %s" % " AND ".join("%s = ?" % k for k in iterkeys(keyvalues))
-            txn.execute(sql, list(keyvalues.values()))
-        else:
-            txn.execute(sql)
-
-        return [r[0] for r in txn]
-
-    def simple_select_onecol(
-        self, table, keyvalues, retcol, desc="simple_select_onecol"
-    ):
-        """Executes a SELECT query on the named table, which returns a list
-        comprising of the values of the named column from the selected rows.
-
-        Args:
-            table (str): table name
-            keyvalues (dict|None): column names and values to select the rows with
-            retcol (str): column whos value we wish to retrieve.
-
-        Returns:
-            Deferred: Results in a list
-        """
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            desc, self.simple_select_onecol_txn, table, keyvalues, retcol
-        )
-
-    def simple_select_list(self, table, keyvalues, retcols, desc="simple_select_list"):
-        """Executes a SELECT query on the named table, which may return zero or
-        more rows, returning the result as a list of dicts.
-
-        Args:
-            table (str): the table name
-            keyvalues (dict[str, Any] | None):
-                column names and values to select the rows with, or None to not
-                apply a WHERE clause.
-            retcols (iterable[str]): the names of the columns to return
-        Returns:
-            defer.Deferred: resolves to list[dict[str, Any]]
-        """
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            desc, self.simple_select_list_txn, table, keyvalues, retcols
-        )
-
-    @classmethod
-    def simple_select_list_txn(cls, txn, table, keyvalues, retcols):
-        """Executes a SELECT query on the named table, which may return zero or
-        more rows, returning the result as a list of dicts.
-
-        Args:
-            txn : Transaction object
-            table (str): the table name
-            keyvalues (dict[str, T] | None):
-                column names and values to select the rows with, or None to not
-                apply a WHERE clause.
-            retcols (iterable[str]): the names of the columns to return
-        """
-        if keyvalues:
-            sql = "SELECT %s FROM %s WHERE %s" % (
-                ", ".join(retcols),
-                table,
-                " AND ".join("%s = ?" % (k,) for k in keyvalues),
-            )
-            txn.execute(sql, list(keyvalues.values()))
-        else:
-            sql = "SELECT %s FROM %s" % (", ".join(retcols), table)
-            txn.execute(sql)
-
-        return cls.cursor_to_dict(txn)
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def simple_select_many_batch(
-        self,
-        table,
-        column,
-        iterable,
-        retcols,
-        keyvalues={},
-        desc="simple_select_many_batch",
-        batch_size=100,
-    ):
-        """Executes a SELECT query on the named table, which may return zero or
-        more rows, returning the result as a list of dicts.
-
-        Filters rows by if value of `column` is in `iterable`.
-
-        Args:
-            table : string giving the table name
-            column : column name to test for inclusion against `iterable`
-            iterable : list
-            keyvalues : dict of column names and values to select the rows with
-            retcols : list of strings giving the names of the columns to return
-        """
-        results = []
-
-        if not iterable:
-            return results
-
-        # iterables can not be sliced, so convert it to a list first
-        it_list = list(iterable)
-
-        chunks = [
-            it_list[i : i + batch_size] for i in range(0, len(it_list), batch_size)
-        ]
-        for chunk in chunks:
-            rows = yield self.runInteraction(
-                desc,
-                self.simple_select_many_txn,
-                table,
-                column,
-                chunk,
-                keyvalues,
-                retcols,
-            )
-
-            results.extend(rows)
-
-        return results
-
-    @classmethod
-    def simple_select_many_txn(cls, txn, table, column, iterable, keyvalues, retcols):
-        """Executes a SELECT query on the named table, which may return zero or
-        more rows, returning the result as a list of dicts.
-
-        Filters rows by if value of `column` is in `iterable`.
-
-        Args:
-            txn : Transaction object
-            table : string giving the table name
-            column : column name to test for inclusion against `iterable`
-            iterable : list
-            keyvalues : dict of column names and values to select the rows with
-            retcols : list of strings giving the names of the columns to return
-        """
-        if not iterable:
-            return []
-
-        clause, values = make_in_list_sql_clause(txn.database_engine, column, iterable)
-        clauses = [clause]
-
-        for key, value in iteritems(keyvalues):
-            clauses.append("%s = ?" % (key,))
-            values.append(value)
-
-        sql = "SELECT %s FROM %s WHERE %s" % (
-            ", ".join(retcols),
-            table,
-            " AND ".join(clauses),
-        )
-
-        txn.execute(sql, values)
-        return cls.cursor_to_dict(txn)
-
-    def simple_update(self, table, keyvalues, updatevalues, desc):
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            desc, self.simple_update_txn, table, keyvalues, updatevalues
-        )
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def simple_update_txn(txn, table, keyvalues, updatevalues):
-        if keyvalues:
-            where = "WHERE %s" % " AND ".join("%s = ?" % k for k in iterkeys(keyvalues))
-        else:
-            where = ""
-
-        update_sql = "UPDATE %s SET %s %s" % (
-            table,
-            ", ".join("%s = ?" % (k,) for k in updatevalues),
-            where,
-        )
-
-        txn.execute(update_sql, list(updatevalues.values()) + list(keyvalues.values()))
-
-        return txn.rowcount
-
-    def simple_update_one(
-        self, table, keyvalues, updatevalues, desc="simple_update_one"
-    ):
-        """Executes an UPDATE query on the named table, setting new values for
-        columns in a row matching the key values.
-
-        Args:
-            table : string giving the table name
-            keyvalues : dict of column names and values to select the row with
-            updatevalues : dict giving column names and values to update
-            retcols : optional list of column names to return
-
-        If present, retcols gives a list of column names on which to perform
-        a SELECT statement *before* performing the UPDATE statement. The values
-        of these will be returned in a dict.
-
-        These are performed within the same transaction, allowing an atomic
-        get-and-set.  This can be used to implement compare-and-set by putting
-        the update column in the 'keyvalues' dict as well.
-        """
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            desc, self.simple_update_one_txn, table, keyvalues, updatevalues
-        )
-
-    @classmethod
-    def simple_update_one_txn(cls, txn, table, keyvalues, updatevalues):
-        rowcount = cls.simple_update_txn(txn, table, keyvalues, updatevalues)
-
-        if rowcount == 0:
-            raise StoreError(404, "No row found (%s)" % (table,))
-        if rowcount > 1:
-            raise StoreError(500, "More than one row matched (%s)" % (table,))
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def simple_select_one_txn(txn, table, keyvalues, retcols, allow_none=False):
-        select_sql = "SELECT %s FROM %s WHERE %s" % (
-            ", ".join(retcols),
-            table,
-            " AND ".join("%s = ?" % (k,) for k in keyvalues),
-        )
-
-        txn.execute(select_sql, list(keyvalues.values()))
-        row = txn.fetchone()
-
-        if not row:
-            if allow_none:
-                return None
-            raise StoreError(404, "No row found (%s)" % (table,))
-        if txn.rowcount > 1:
-            raise StoreError(500, "More than one row matched (%s)" % (table,))
-
-        return dict(zip(retcols, row))
-
-    def simple_delete_one(self, table, keyvalues, desc="simple_delete_one"):
-        """Executes a DELETE query on the named table, expecting to delete a
-        single row.
-
-        Args:
-            table : string giving the table name
-            keyvalues : dict of column names and values to select the row with
-        """
-        return self.runInteraction(desc, self.simple_delete_one_txn, table, keyvalues)
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def simple_delete_one_txn(txn, table, keyvalues):
-        """Executes a DELETE query on the named table, expecting to delete a
-        single row.
-
-        Args:
-            table : string giving the table name
-            keyvalues : dict of column names and values to select the row with
-        """
-        sql = "DELETE FROM %s WHERE %s" % (
-            table,
-            " AND ".join("%s = ?" % (k,) for k in keyvalues),
-        )
-
-        txn.execute(sql, list(keyvalues.values()))
-        if txn.rowcount == 0:
-            raise StoreError(404, "No row found (%s)" % (table,))
-        if txn.rowcount > 1:
-            raise StoreError(500, "More than one row matched (%s)" % (table,))
-
-    def simple_delete(self, table, keyvalues, desc):
-        return self.runInteraction(desc, self.simple_delete_txn, table, keyvalues)
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def simple_delete_txn(txn, table, keyvalues):
-        sql = "DELETE FROM %s WHERE %s" % (
-            table,
-            " AND ".join("%s = ?" % (k,) for k in keyvalues),
-        )
-
-        txn.execute(sql, list(keyvalues.values()))
-        return txn.rowcount
-
-    def simple_delete_many(self, table, column, iterable, keyvalues, desc):
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            desc, self.simple_delete_many_txn, table, column, iterable, keyvalues
-        )
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def simple_delete_many_txn(txn, table, column, iterable, keyvalues):
-        """Executes a DELETE query on the named table.
-
-        Filters rows by if value of `column` is in `iterable`.
-
-        Args:
-            txn : Transaction object
-            table : string giving the table name
-            column : column name to test for inclusion against `iterable`
-            iterable : list
-            keyvalues : dict of column names and values to select the rows with
-
-        Returns:
-            int: Number rows deleted
-        """
-        if not iterable:
-            return 0
-
-        sql = "DELETE FROM %s" % table
-
-        clause, values = make_in_list_sql_clause(txn.database_engine, column, iterable)
-        clauses = [clause]
-
-        for key, value in iteritems(keyvalues):
-            clauses.append("%s = ?" % (key,))
-            values.append(value)
-
-        if clauses:
-            sql = "%s WHERE %s" % (sql, " AND ".join(clauses))
-        txn.execute(sql, values)
-
-        return txn.rowcount
-
-    def get_cache_dict(
-        self, db_conn, table, entity_column, stream_column, max_value, limit=100000
-    ):
-        # Fetch a mapping of room_id -> max stream position for "recent" rooms.
-        # It doesn't really matter how many we get, the StreamChangeCache will
-        # do the right thing to ensure it respects the max size of cache.
-        sql = (
-            "SELECT %(entity)s, MAX(%(stream)s) FROM %(table)s"
-            " WHERE %(stream)s > ? - %(limit)s"
-            " GROUP BY %(entity)s"
-        ) % {
-            "table": table,
-            "entity": entity_column,
-            "stream": stream_column,
-            "limit": limit,
-        }
-
-        sql = self.database_engine.convert_param_style(sql)
-
-        txn = db_conn.cursor()
-        txn.execute(sql, (int(max_value),))
-
-        cache = {row[0]: int(row[1]) for row in txn}
-
-        txn.close()
-
-        if cache:
-            min_val = min(itervalues(cache))
-        else:
-            min_val = max_value
-
-        return cache, min_val
-
     def _invalidate_state_caches(self, room_id, members_changed):
         """Invalidates caches that are based on the current state, but does
         not stream invalidations down replication.
@@ -1347,159 +71,6 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
             # which is fine.
             pass
 
-    def simple_select_list_paginate(
-        self,
-        table,
-        keyvalues,
-        orderby,
-        start,
-        limit,
-        retcols,
-        order_direction="ASC",
-        desc="simple_select_list_paginate",
-    ):
-        """
-        Executes a SELECT query on the named table with start and limit,
-        of row numbers, which may return zero or number of rows from start to limit,
-        returning the result as a list of dicts.
-
-        Args:
-            table (str): the table name
-            keyvalues (dict[str, T] | None):
-                column names and values to select the rows with, or None to not
-                apply a WHERE clause.
-            orderby (str): Column to order the results by.
-            start (int): Index to begin the query at.
-            limit (int): Number of results to return.
-            retcols (iterable[str]): the names of the columns to return
-            order_direction (str): Whether the results should be ordered "ASC" or "DESC".
-        Returns:
-            defer.Deferred: resolves to list[dict[str, Any]]
-        """
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            desc,
-            self.simple_select_list_paginate_txn,
-            table,
-            keyvalues,
-            orderby,
-            start,
-            limit,
-            retcols,
-            order_direction=order_direction,
-        )
-
-    @classmethod
-    def simple_select_list_paginate_txn(
-        cls,
-        txn,
-        table,
-        keyvalues,
-        orderby,
-        start,
-        limit,
-        retcols,
-        order_direction="ASC",
-    ):
-        """
-        Executes a SELECT query on the named table with start and limit,
-        of row numbers, which may return zero or number of rows from start to limit,
-        returning the result as a list of dicts.
-
-        Args:
-            txn : Transaction object
-            table (str): the table name
-            keyvalues (dict[str, T] | None):
-                column names and values to select the rows with, or None to not
-                apply a WHERE clause.
-            orderby (str): Column to order the results by.
-            start (int): Index to begin the query at.
-            limit (int): Number of results to return.
-            retcols (iterable[str]): the names of the columns to return
-            order_direction (str): Whether the results should be ordered "ASC" or "DESC".
-        Returns:
-            defer.Deferred: resolves to list[dict[str, Any]]
-        """
-        if order_direction not in ["ASC", "DESC"]:
-            raise ValueError("order_direction must be one of 'ASC' or 'DESC'.")
-
-        if keyvalues:
-            where_clause = "WHERE " + " AND ".join("%s = ?" % (k,) for k in keyvalues)
-        else:
-            where_clause = ""
-
-        sql = "SELECT %s FROM %s %s ORDER BY %s %s LIMIT ? OFFSET ?" % (
-            ", ".join(retcols),
-            table,
-            where_clause,
-            orderby,
-            order_direction,
-        )
-        txn.execute(sql, list(keyvalues.values()) + [limit, start])
-
-        return cls.cursor_to_dict(txn)
-
-    def get_user_count_txn(self, txn):
-        """Get a total number of registered users in the users list.
-
-        Args:
-            txn : Transaction object
-        Returns:
-            int : number of users
-        """
-        sql_count = "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM users WHERE is_guest = 0;"
-        txn.execute(sql_count)
-        return txn.fetchone()[0]
-
-    def simple_search_list(self, table, term, col, retcols, desc="simple_search_list"):
-        """Executes a SELECT query on the named table, which may return zero or
-        more rows, returning the result as a list of dicts.
-
-        Args:
-            table (str): the table name
-            term (str | None):
-                term for searching the table matched to a column.
-            col (str): column to query term should be matched to
-            retcols (iterable[str]): the names of the columns to return
-        Returns:
-            defer.Deferred: resolves to list[dict[str, Any]] or None
-        """
-
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            desc, self.simple_search_list_txn, table, term, col, retcols
-        )
-
-    @classmethod
-    def simple_search_list_txn(cls, txn, table, term, col, retcols):
-        """Executes a SELECT query on the named table, which may return zero or
-        more rows, returning the result as a list of dicts.
-
-        Args:
-            txn : Transaction object
-            table (str): the table name
-            term (str | None):
-                term for searching the table matched to a column.
-            col (str): column to query term should be matched to
-            retcols (iterable[str]): the names of the columns to return
-        Returns:
-            defer.Deferred: resolves to list[dict[str, Any]] or None
-        """
-        if term:
-            sql = "SELECT %s FROM %s WHERE %s LIKE ?" % (", ".join(retcols), table, col)
-            termvalues = ["%%" + term + "%%"]
-            txn.execute(sql, termvalues)
-        else:
-            return 0
-
-        return cls.cursor_to_dict(txn)
-
-
-class _RollbackButIsFineException(Exception):
-    """ This exception is used to rollback a transaction without implying
-    something went wrong.
-    """
-
-    pass
-
 
 def db_to_json(db_content):
     """
@@ -1528,30 +99,3 @@ def db_to_json(db_content):
     except Exception:
         logging.warning("Tried to decode '%r' as JSON and failed", db_content)
         raise
-
-
-def make_in_list_sql_clause(
-    database_engine, column: str, iterable: Iterable
-) -> Tuple[str, Iterable]:
-    """Returns an SQL clause that checks the given column is in the iterable.
-
-    On SQLite this expands to `column IN (?, ?, ...)`, whereas on Postgres
-    it expands to `column = ANY(?)`. While both DBs support the `IN` form,
-    using the `ANY` form on postgres means that it views queries with
-    different length iterables as the same, helping the query stats.
-
-    Args:
-        database_engine
-        column: Name of the column
-        iterable: The values to check the column against.
-
-    Returns:
-        A tuple of SQL query and the args
-    """
-
-    if database_engine.supports_using_any_list:
-        # This should hopefully be faster, but also makes postgres query
-        # stats easier to understand.
-        return "%s = ANY(?)" % (column,), [list(iterable)]
-    else:
-        return "%s IN (%s)" % (column, ",".join("?" for _ in iterable)), list(iterable)
diff --git a/synapse/storage/background_updates.py b/synapse/storage/background_updates.py
index 06955a0537..dfca94b0e0 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/background_updates.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/background_updates.py
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ class BackgroundUpdateStore(SQLBaseStore):
         # otherwise, check if there are updates to be run. This is important,
         # as we may be running on a worker which doesn't perform the bg updates
         # itself, but still wants to wait for them to happen.
-        updates = yield self.simple_select_onecol(
+        updates = yield self.db.simple_select_onecol(
             "background_updates",
             keyvalues=None,
             retcol="1",
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ class BackgroundUpdateStore(SQLBaseStore):
         if update_name in self._background_update_queue:
             return False
 
-        update_exists = await self.simple_select_one_onecol(
+        update_exists = await self.db.simple_select_one_onecol(
             "background_updates",
             keyvalues={"update_name": update_name},
             retcol="1",
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ class BackgroundUpdateStore(SQLBaseStore):
             no more work to do.
         """
         if not self._background_update_queue:
-            updates = yield self.simple_select_list(
+            updates = yield self.db.simple_select_list(
                 "background_updates",
                 keyvalues=None,
                 retcols=("update_name", "depends_on"),
@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ class BackgroundUpdateStore(SQLBaseStore):
         else:
             batch_size = self.DEFAULT_BACKGROUND_BATCH_SIZE
 
-        progress_json = yield self.simple_select_one_onecol(
+        progress_json = yield self.db.simple_select_one_onecol(
             "background_updates",
             keyvalues={"update_name": update_name},
             retcol="progress_json",
@@ -391,7 +391,7 @@ class BackgroundUpdateStore(SQLBaseStore):
         def updater(progress, batch_size):
             if runner is not None:
                 logger.info("Adding index %s to %s", index_name, table)
-                yield self.runWithConnection(runner)
+                yield self.db.runWithConnection(runner)
             yield self._end_background_update(update_name)
             return 1
 
@@ -413,7 +413,7 @@ class BackgroundUpdateStore(SQLBaseStore):
         self._background_update_queue = []
         progress_json = json.dumps(progress)
 
-        return self.simple_insert(
+        return self.db.simple_insert(
             "background_updates",
             {"update_name": update_name, "progress_json": progress_json},
         )
@@ -429,7 +429,7 @@ class BackgroundUpdateStore(SQLBaseStore):
         self._background_update_queue = [
             name for name in self._background_update_queue if name != update_name
         ]
-        return self.simple_delete_one(
+        return self.db.simple_delete_one(
             "background_updates", keyvalues={"update_name": update_name}
         )
 
@@ -444,7 +444,7 @@ class BackgroundUpdateStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
         progress_json = json.dumps(progress)
 
-        self.simple_update_one_txn(
+        self.db.simple_update_one_txn(
             txn,
             "background_updates",
             keyvalues={"update_name": update_name},
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/__init__.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/__init__.py
index 2a5b33dda1..46f0f26af6 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/__init__.py
@@ -171,9 +171,11 @@ class DataStore(
         else:
             self._cache_id_gen = None
 
+        super(DataStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
+
         self._presence_on_startup = self._get_active_presence(db_conn)
 
-        presence_cache_prefill, min_presence_val = self.get_cache_dict(
+        presence_cache_prefill, min_presence_val = self.db.get_cache_dict(
             db_conn,
             "presence_stream",
             entity_column="user_id",
@@ -187,7 +189,7 @@ class DataStore(
         )
 
         max_device_inbox_id = self._device_inbox_id_gen.get_current_token()
-        device_inbox_prefill, min_device_inbox_id = self.get_cache_dict(
+        device_inbox_prefill, min_device_inbox_id = self.db.get_cache_dict(
             db_conn,
             "device_inbox",
             entity_column="user_id",
@@ -202,7 +204,7 @@ class DataStore(
         )
         # The federation outbox and the local device inbox uses the same
         # stream_id generator.
-        device_outbox_prefill, min_device_outbox_id = self.get_cache_dict(
+        device_outbox_prefill, min_device_outbox_id = self.db.get_cache_dict(
             db_conn,
             "device_federation_outbox",
             entity_column="destination",
@@ -228,7 +230,7 @@ class DataStore(
         )
 
         events_max = self._stream_id_gen.get_current_token()
-        curr_state_delta_prefill, min_curr_state_delta_id = self.get_cache_dict(
+        curr_state_delta_prefill, min_curr_state_delta_id = self.db.get_cache_dict(
             db_conn,
             "current_state_delta_stream",
             entity_column="room_id",
@@ -242,7 +244,7 @@ class DataStore(
             prefilled_cache=curr_state_delta_prefill,
         )
 
-        _group_updates_prefill, min_group_updates_id = self.get_cache_dict(
+        _group_updates_prefill, min_group_updates_id = self.db.get_cache_dict(
             db_conn,
             "local_group_updates",
             entity_column="user_id",
@@ -262,8 +264,6 @@ class DataStore(
         # Used in _generate_user_daily_visits to keep track of progress
         self._last_user_visit_update = self._get_start_of_day()
 
-        super(DataStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
-
     def take_presence_startup_info(self):
         active_on_startup = self._presence_on_startup
         self._presence_on_startup = None
@@ -283,7 +283,7 @@ class DataStore(
 
         txn = db_conn.cursor()
         txn.execute(sql, (PresenceState.OFFLINE,))
-        rows = self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
+        rows = self.db.cursor_to_dict(txn)
         txn.close()
 
         for row in rows:
@@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ class DataStore(
         Counts the number of users who used this homeserver in the last 24 hours.
         """
         yesterday = int(self._clock.time_msec()) - (1000 * 60 * 60 * 24)
-        return self.runInteraction("count_daily_users", self._count_users, yesterday)
+        return self.db.runInteraction("count_daily_users", self._count_users, yesterday)
 
     def count_monthly_users(self):
         """
@@ -306,7 +306,7 @@ class DataStore(
         amongst other things, includes a 3 day grace period before a user counts.
         """
         thirty_days_ago = int(self._clock.time_msec()) - (1000 * 60 * 60 * 24 * 30)
-        return self.runInteraction(
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
             "count_monthly_users", self._count_users, thirty_days_ago
         )
 
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ class DataStore(
 
             return results
 
-        return self.runInteraction("count_r30_users", _count_r30_users)
+        return self.db.runInteraction("count_r30_users", _count_r30_users)
 
     def _get_start_of_day(self):
         """
@@ -471,7 +471,7 @@ class DataStore(
             # frequently
             self._last_user_visit_update = now
 
-        return self.runInteraction(
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
             "generate_user_daily_visits", _generate_user_daily_visits
         )
 
@@ -482,7 +482,7 @@ class DataStore(
         Returns:
             defer.Deferred: resolves to list[dict[str, Any]]
         """
-        return self.simple_select_list(
+        return self.db.simple_select_list(
             table="users",
             keyvalues={},
             retcols=["name", "password_hash", "is_guest", "admin", "user_type"],
@@ -502,9 +502,9 @@ class DataStore(
         Returns:
             defer.Deferred: resolves to json object {list[dict[str, Any]], count}
         """
-        users = yield self.runInteraction(
+        users = yield self.db.runInteraction(
             "get_users_paginate",
-            self.simple_select_list_paginate_txn,
+            self.db.simple_select_list_paginate_txn,
             table="users",
             keyvalues={"is_guest": False},
             orderby=order,
@@ -512,7 +512,9 @@ class DataStore(
             limit=limit,
             retcols=["name", "password_hash", "is_guest", "admin", "user_type"],
         )
-        count = yield self.runInteraction("get_users_paginate", self.get_user_count_txn)
+        count = yield self.db.runInteraction(
+            "get_users_paginate", self.get_user_count_txn
+        )
         retval = {"users": users, "total": count}
         return retval
 
@@ -526,7 +528,7 @@ class DataStore(
         Returns:
             defer.Deferred: resolves to list[dict[str, Any]]
         """
-        return self.simple_search_list(
+        return self.db.simple_search_list(
             table="users",
             term=term,
             col="name",
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/account_data.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/account_data.py
index b0d22faf3f..a96fe9485c 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/account_data.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/account_data.py
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ class AccountDataWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         """
 
         def get_account_data_for_user_txn(txn):
-            rows = self.simple_select_list_txn(
+            rows = self.db.simple_select_list_txn(
                 txn,
                 "account_data",
                 {"user_id": user_id},
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ class AccountDataWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 row["account_data_type"]: json.loads(row["content"]) for row in rows
             }
 
-            rows = self.simple_select_list_txn(
+            rows = self.db.simple_select_list_txn(
                 txn,
                 "room_account_data",
                 {"user_id": user_id},
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ class AccountDataWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
             return global_account_data, by_room
 
-        return self.runInteraction(
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
             "get_account_data_for_user", get_account_data_for_user_txn
         )
 
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ class AccountDataWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         Returns:
             Deferred: A dict
         """
-        result = yield self.simple_select_one_onecol(
+        result = yield self.db.simple_select_one_onecol(
             table="account_data",
             keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "account_data_type": data_type},
             retcol="content",
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ class AccountDataWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         """
 
         def get_account_data_for_room_txn(txn):
-            rows = self.simple_select_list_txn(
+            rows = self.db.simple_select_list_txn(
                 txn,
                 "room_account_data",
                 {"user_id": user_id, "room_id": room_id},
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ class AccountDataWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 row["account_data_type"]: json.loads(row["content"]) for row in rows
             }
 
-        return self.runInteraction(
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
             "get_account_data_for_room", get_account_data_for_room_txn
         )
 
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ class AccountDataWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         """
 
         def get_account_data_for_room_and_type_txn(txn):
-            content_json = self.simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
+            content_json = self.db.simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="room_account_data",
                 keyvalues={
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ class AccountDataWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
             return json.loads(content_json) if content_json else None
 
-        return self.runInteraction(
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
             "get_account_data_for_room_and_type", get_account_data_for_room_and_type_txn
         )
 
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ class AccountDataWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             room_results = txn.fetchall()
             return global_results, room_results
 
-        return self.runInteraction(
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
             "get_all_updated_account_data_txn", get_updated_account_data_txn
         )
 
@@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ class AccountDataWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         if not changed:
             return {}, {}
 
-        return self.runInteraction(
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
             "get_updated_account_data_for_user", get_updated_account_data_for_user_txn
         )
 
@@ -302,7 +302,7 @@ class AccountDataStore(AccountDataWorkerStore):
             # no need to lock here as room_account_data has a unique constraint
             # on (user_id, room_id, account_data_type) so simple_upsert will
             # retry if there is a conflict.
-            yield self.simple_upsert(
+            yield self.db.simple_upsert(
                 desc="add_room_account_data",
                 table="room_account_data",
                 keyvalues={
@@ -348,7 +348,7 @@ class AccountDataStore(AccountDataWorkerStore):
             # no need to lock here as account_data has a unique constraint on
             # (user_id, account_data_type) so simple_upsert will retry if
             # there is a conflict.
-            yield self.simple_upsert(
+            yield self.db.simple_upsert(
                 desc="add_user_account_data",
                 table="account_data",
                 keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "account_data_type": account_data_type},
@@ -388,4 +388,4 @@ class AccountDataStore(AccountDataWorkerStore):
             )
             txn.execute(update_max_id_sql, (next_id, next_id))
 
-        return self.runInteraction("update_account_data_max_stream_id", _update)
+        return self.db.runInteraction("update_account_data_max_stream_id", _update)
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/appservice.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/appservice.py
index 6b82fd392a..6b2e12719c 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/appservice.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/appservice.py
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ class ApplicationServiceTransactionWorkerStore(
             A Deferred which resolves to a list of ApplicationServices, which
             may be empty.
         """
-        results = yield self.simple_select_list(
+        results = yield self.db.simple_select_list(
             "application_services_state", dict(state=state), ["as_id"]
         )
         # NB: This assumes this class is linked with ApplicationServiceStore
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ class ApplicationServiceTransactionWorkerStore(
         Returns:
             A Deferred which resolves to ApplicationServiceState.
         """
-        result = yield self.simple_select_one(
+        result = yield self.db.simple_select_one(
             "application_services_state",
             dict(as_id=service.id),
             ["state"],
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ class ApplicationServiceTransactionWorkerStore(
         Returns:
             A Deferred which resolves when the state was set successfully.
         """
-        return self.simple_upsert(
+        return self.db.simple_upsert(
             "application_services_state", dict(as_id=service.id), dict(state=state)
         )
 
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ class ApplicationServiceTransactionWorkerStore(
             )
             return AppServiceTransaction(service=service, id=new_txn_id, events=events)
 
-        return self.runInteraction("create_appservice_txn", _create_appservice_txn)
+        return self.db.runInteraction("create_appservice_txn", _create_appservice_txn)
 
     def complete_appservice_txn(self, txn_id, service):
         """Completes an application service transaction.
@@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ class ApplicationServiceTransactionWorkerStore(
                 )
 
             # Set current txn_id for AS to 'txn_id'
-            self.simple_upsert_txn(
+            self.db.simple_upsert_txn(
                 txn,
                 "application_services_state",
                 dict(as_id=service.id),
@@ -257,11 +257,13 @@ class ApplicationServiceTransactionWorkerStore(
             )
 
             # Delete txn
-            self.simple_delete_txn(
+            self.db.simple_delete_txn(
                 txn, "application_services_txns", dict(txn_id=txn_id, as_id=service.id)
             )
 
-        return self.runInteraction("complete_appservice_txn", _complete_appservice_txn)
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
+            "complete_appservice_txn", _complete_appservice_txn
+        )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_oldest_unsent_txn(self, service):
@@ -283,7 +285,7 @@ class ApplicationServiceTransactionWorkerStore(
                 " ORDER BY txn_id ASC LIMIT 1",
                 (service.id,),
             )
-            rows = self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
+            rows = self.db.cursor_to_dict(txn)
             if not rows:
                 return None
 
@@ -291,7 +293,7 @@ class ApplicationServiceTransactionWorkerStore(
 
             return entry
 
-        entry = yield self.runInteraction(
+        entry = yield self.db.runInteraction(
             "get_oldest_unsent_appservice_txn", _get_oldest_unsent_txn
         )
 
@@ -321,7 +323,7 @@ class ApplicationServiceTransactionWorkerStore(
                 "UPDATE appservice_stream_position SET stream_ordering = ?", (pos,)
             )
 
-        return self.runInteraction(
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
             "set_appservice_last_pos", set_appservice_last_pos_txn
         )
 
@@ -350,7 +352,7 @@ class ApplicationServiceTransactionWorkerStore(
 
             return upper_bound, [row[1] for row in rows]
 
-        upper_bound, event_ids = yield self.runInteraction(
+        upper_bound, event_ids = yield self.db.runInteraction(
             "get_new_events_for_appservice", get_new_events_for_appservice_txn
         )
 
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/cache.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/cache.py
index de3256049d..54ed8574c4 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/cache.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/cache.py
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ class CacheInvalidationStore(SQLBaseStore):
             txn.call_after(ctx.__exit__, None, None, None)
             txn.call_after(self.hs.get_notifier().on_new_replication_data)
 
-            self.simple_insert_txn(
+            self.db.simple_insert_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="cache_invalidation_stream",
                 values={
@@ -122,7 +122,9 @@ class CacheInvalidationStore(SQLBaseStore):
             txn.execute(sql, (last_id, limit))
             return txn.fetchall()
 
-        return self.runInteraction("get_all_updated_caches", get_all_updated_caches_txn)
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
+            "get_all_updated_caches", get_all_updated_caches_txn
+        )
 
     def get_cache_stream_token(self):
         if self._cache_id_gen:
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/client_ips.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/client_ips.py
index 66522a04b7..6f2a720b97 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/client_ips.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/client_ips.py
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ class ClientIpBackgroundUpdateStore(background_updates.BackgroundUpdateStore):
             txn.execute("DROP INDEX IF EXISTS user_ips_user_ip")
             txn.close()
 
-        yield self.runWithConnection(f)
+        yield self.db.runWithConnection(f)
         yield self._end_background_update("user_ips_drop_nonunique_index")
         return 1
 
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ class ClientIpBackgroundUpdateStore(background_updates.BackgroundUpdateStore):
         def user_ips_analyze(txn):
             txn.execute("ANALYZE user_ips")
 
-        yield self.runInteraction("user_ips_analyze", user_ips_analyze)
+        yield self.db.runInteraction("user_ips_analyze", user_ips_analyze)
 
         yield self._end_background_update("user_ips_analyze")
 
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ class ClientIpBackgroundUpdateStore(background_updates.BackgroundUpdateStore):
                 return None
 
         # Get a last seen that has roughly `batch_size` since `begin_last_seen`
-        end_last_seen = yield self.runInteraction(
+        end_last_seen = yield self.db.runInteraction(
             "user_ips_dups_get_last_seen", get_last_seen
         )
 
@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@ class ClientIpBackgroundUpdateStore(background_updates.BackgroundUpdateStore):
                 txn, "user_ips_remove_dupes", {"last_seen": end_last_seen}
             )
 
-        yield self.runInteraction("user_ips_dups_remove", remove)
+        yield self.db.runInteraction("user_ips_dups_remove", remove)
 
         if last:
             yield self._end_background_update("user_ips_remove_dupes")
@@ -352,7 +352,7 @@ class ClientIpBackgroundUpdateStore(background_updates.BackgroundUpdateStore):
 
             return len(rows)
 
-        updated = yield self.runInteraction(
+        updated = yield self.db.runInteraction(
             "_devices_last_seen_update", _devices_last_seen_update_txn
         )
 
@@ -417,12 +417,12 @@ class ClientIpStore(ClientIpBackgroundUpdateStore):
         to_update = self._batch_row_update
         self._batch_row_update = {}
 
-        return self.runInteraction(
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
             "_update_client_ips_batch", self._update_client_ips_batch_txn, to_update
         )
 
     def _update_client_ips_batch_txn(self, txn, to_update):
-        if "user_ips" in self._unsafe_to_upsert_tables or (
+        if "user_ips" in self.db._unsafe_to_upsert_tables or (
             not self.database_engine.can_native_upsert
         ):
             self.database_engine.lock_table(txn, "user_ips")
@@ -431,7 +431,7 @@ class ClientIpStore(ClientIpBackgroundUpdateStore):
             (user_id, access_token, ip), (user_agent, device_id, last_seen) = entry
 
             try:
-                self.simple_upsert_txn(
+                self.db.simple_upsert_txn(
                     txn,
                     table="user_ips",
                     keyvalues={
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ class ClientIpStore(ClientIpBackgroundUpdateStore):
                 # Technically an access token might not be associated with
                 # a device so we need to check.
                 if device_id:
-                    self.simple_upsert_txn(
+                    self.db.simple_upsert_txn(
                         txn,
                         table="devices",
                         keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "device_id": device_id},
@@ -483,7 +483,7 @@ class ClientIpStore(ClientIpBackgroundUpdateStore):
         if device_id is not None:
             keyvalues["device_id"] = device_id
 
-        res = yield self.simple_select_list(
+        res = yield self.db.simple_select_list(
             table="devices",
             keyvalues=keyvalues,
             retcols=("user_id", "ip", "user_agent", "device_id", "last_seen"),
@@ -516,7 +516,7 @@ class ClientIpStore(ClientIpBackgroundUpdateStore):
                 user_agent, _, last_seen = self._batch_row_update[key]
                 results[(access_token, ip)] = (user_agent, last_seen)
 
-        rows = yield self.simple_select_list(
+        rows = yield self.db.simple_select_list(
             table="user_ips",
             keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
             retcols=["access_token", "ip", "user_agent", "last_seen"],
@@ -577,4 +577,4 @@ class ClientIpStore(ClientIpBackgroundUpdateStore):
         def _prune_old_user_ips_txn(txn):
             txn.execute(sql, (timestamp,))
 
-        await self.runInteraction("_prune_old_user_ips", _prune_old_user_ips_txn)
+        await self.db.runInteraction("_prune_old_user_ips", _prune_old_user_ips_txn)
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/deviceinbox.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/deviceinbox.py
index 206d39134d..440793ad49 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/deviceinbox.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/deviceinbox.py
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ class DeviceInboxWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 stream_pos = current_stream_id
             return messages, stream_pos
 
-        return self.runInteraction(
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
             "get_new_messages_for_device", get_new_messages_for_device_txn
         )
 
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ class DeviceInboxWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             txn.execute(sql, (user_id, device_id, up_to_stream_id))
             return txn.rowcount
 
-        count = yield self.runInteraction(
+        count = yield self.db.runInteraction(
             "delete_messages_for_device", delete_messages_for_device_txn
         )
 
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ class DeviceInboxWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 stream_pos = current_stream_id
             return messages, stream_pos
 
-        return self.runInteraction(
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
             "get_new_device_msgs_for_remote",
             get_new_messages_for_remote_destination_txn,
         )
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ class DeviceInboxWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             )
             txn.execute(sql, (destination, up_to_stream_id))
 
-        return self.runInteraction(
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
             "delete_device_msgs_for_remote", delete_messages_for_remote_destination_txn
         )
 
@@ -232,7 +232,7 @@ class DeviceInboxBackgroundUpdateStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
             txn.execute("DROP INDEX IF EXISTS device_inbox_stream_id")
             txn.close()
 
-        yield self.runWithConnection(reindex_txn)
+        yield self.db.runWithConnection(reindex_txn)
 
         yield self._end_background_update(self.DEVICE_INBOX_STREAM_ID)
 
@@ -294,7 +294,7 @@ class DeviceInboxStore(DeviceInboxWorkerStore, DeviceInboxBackgroundUpdateStore)
 
         with self._device_inbox_id_gen.get_next() as stream_id:
             now_ms = self.clock.time_msec()
-            yield self.runInteraction(
+            yield self.db.runInteraction(
                 "add_messages_to_device_inbox", add_messages_txn, now_ms, stream_id
             )
             for user_id in local_messages_by_user_then_device.keys():
@@ -314,7 +314,7 @@ class DeviceInboxStore(DeviceInboxWorkerStore, DeviceInboxBackgroundUpdateStore)
             # Check if we've already inserted a matching message_id for that
             # origin. This can happen if the origin doesn't receive our
             # acknowledgement from the first time we received the message.
-            already_inserted = self.simple_select_one_txn(
+            already_inserted = self.db.simple_select_one_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="device_federation_inbox",
                 keyvalues={"origin": origin, "message_id": message_id},
@@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ class DeviceInboxStore(DeviceInboxWorkerStore, DeviceInboxBackgroundUpdateStore)
 
             # Add an entry for this message_id so that we know we've processed
             # it.
-            self.simple_insert_txn(
+            self.db.simple_insert_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="device_federation_inbox",
                 values={
@@ -344,7 +344,7 @@ class DeviceInboxStore(DeviceInboxWorkerStore, DeviceInboxBackgroundUpdateStore)
 
         with self._device_inbox_id_gen.get_next() as stream_id:
             now_ms = self.clock.time_msec()
-            yield self.runInteraction(
+            yield self.db.runInteraction(
                 "add_messages_from_remote_to_device_inbox",
                 add_messages_txn,
                 now_ms,
@@ -465,6 +465,6 @@ class DeviceInboxStore(DeviceInboxWorkerStore, DeviceInboxBackgroundUpdateStore)
 
             return rows
 
-        return self.runInteraction(
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
             "get_all_new_device_messages", get_all_new_device_messages_txn
         )
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/devices.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/devices.py
index 727c582121..d98511ddd4 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/devices.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/devices.py
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ class DeviceWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         Raises:
             StoreError: if the device is not found
         """
-        return self.simple_select_one(
+        return self.db.simple_select_one(
             table="devices",
             keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "device_id": device_id, "hidden": False},
             retcols=("user_id", "device_id", "display_name"),
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ class DeviceWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             containing "device_id", "user_id" and "display_name" for each
             device.
         """
-        devices = yield self.simple_select_list(
+        devices = yield self.db.simple_select_list(
             table="devices",
             keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "hidden": False},
             retcols=("user_id", "device_id", "display_name"),
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ class DeviceWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         # consider the device update to be too large, and simply skip the
         # stream_id; the rationale being that such a large device list update
         # is likely an error.
-        updates = yield self.runInteraction(
+        updates = yield self.db.runInteraction(
             "get_device_updates_by_remote",
             self._get_device_updates_by_remote_txn,
             destination,
@@ -283,7 +283,7 @@ class DeviceWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
         """
         devices = (
-            yield self.runInteraction(
+            yield self.db.runInteraction(
                 "_get_e2e_device_keys_txn",
                 self._get_e2e_device_keys_txn,
                 query_map.keys(),
@@ -340,12 +340,12 @@ class DeviceWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             rows = txn.fetchall()
             return rows[0][0]
 
-        return self.runInteraction("get_last_device_update_for_remote_user", f)
+        return self.db.runInteraction("get_last_device_update_for_remote_user", f)
 
     def mark_as_sent_devices_by_remote(self, destination, stream_id):
         """Mark that updates have successfully been sent to the destination.
         """
-        return self.runInteraction(
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
             "mark_as_sent_devices_by_remote",
             self._mark_as_sent_devices_by_remote_txn,
             destination,
@@ -399,7 +399,7 @@ class DeviceWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         """
 
         with self._device_list_id_gen.get_next() as stream_id:
-            yield self.runInteraction(
+            yield self.db.runInteraction(
                 "add_user_sig_change_to_streams",
                 self._add_user_signature_change_txn,
                 from_user_id,
@@ -414,7 +414,7 @@ class DeviceWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             from_user_id,
             stream_id,
         )
-        self.simple_insert_txn(
+        self.db.simple_insert_txn(
             txn,
             "user_signature_stream",
             values={
@@ -466,7 +466,7 @@ class DeviceWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
     @cachedInlineCallbacks(num_args=2, tree=True)
     def _get_cached_user_device(self, user_id, device_id):
-        content = yield self.simple_select_one_onecol(
+        content = yield self.db.simple_select_one_onecol(
             table="device_lists_remote_cache",
             keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "device_id": device_id},
             retcol="content",
@@ -476,7 +476,7 @@ class DeviceWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
     @cachedInlineCallbacks()
     def _get_cached_devices_for_user(self, user_id):
-        devices = yield self.simple_select_list(
+        devices = yield self.db.simple_select_list(
             table="device_lists_remote_cache",
             keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
             retcols=("device_id", "content"),
@@ -492,7 +492,7 @@ class DeviceWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         Returns:
             (stream_id, devices)
         """
-        return self.runInteraction(
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
             "get_devices_with_keys_by_user",
             self._get_devices_with_keys_by_user_txn,
             user_id,
@@ -565,7 +565,7 @@ class DeviceWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
             return changes
 
-        return self.runInteraction(
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
             "get_users_whose_devices_changed", _get_users_whose_devices_changed_txn
         )
 
@@ -584,7 +584,7 @@ class DeviceWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 SELECT DISTINCT user_ids FROM user_signature_stream
                 WHERE from_user_id = ? AND stream_id > ?
             """
-            rows = yield self.execute(
+            rows = yield self.db.execute(
                 "get_users_whose_signatures_changed", None, sql, user_id, from_key
             )
             return set(user for row in rows for user in json.loads(row[0]))
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ class DeviceWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             WHERE ? < stream_id AND stream_id <= ?
             GROUP BY user_id, destination
         """
-        return self.execute(
+        return self.db.execute(
             "get_all_device_list_changes_for_remotes", None, sql, from_key, to_key
         )
 
@@ -614,7 +614,7 @@ class DeviceWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         """Get the last stream_id we got for a user. May be None if we haven't
         got any information for them.
         """
-        return self.simple_select_one_onecol(
+        return self.db.simple_select_one_onecol(
             table="device_lists_remote_extremeties",
             keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
             retcol="stream_id",
@@ -628,7 +628,7 @@ class DeviceWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         inlineCallbacks=True,
     )
     def get_device_list_last_stream_id_for_remotes(self, user_ids):
-        rows = yield self.simple_select_many_batch(
+        rows = yield self.db.simple_select_many_batch(
             table="device_lists_remote_extremeties",
             column="user_id",
             iterable=user_ids,
@@ -685,7 +685,7 @@ class DeviceBackgroundUpdateStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
             txn.execute("DROP INDEX IF EXISTS device_lists_remote_extremeties_id")
             txn.close()
 
-        yield self.runWithConnection(f)
+        yield self.db.runWithConnection(f)
         yield self._end_background_update(DROP_DEVICE_LIST_STREAMS_NON_UNIQUE_INDEXES)
         return 1
 
@@ -722,7 +722,7 @@ class DeviceStore(DeviceWorkerStore, DeviceBackgroundUpdateStore):
             return False
 
         try:
-            inserted = yield self.simple_insert(
+            inserted = yield self.db.simple_insert(
                 "devices",
                 values={
                     "user_id": user_id,
@@ -736,7 +736,7 @@ class DeviceStore(DeviceWorkerStore, DeviceBackgroundUpdateStore):
             if not inserted:
                 # if the device already exists, check if it's a real device, or
                 # if the device ID is reserved by something else
-                hidden = yield self.simple_select_one_onecol(
+                hidden = yield self.db.simple_select_one_onecol(
                     "devices",
                     keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "device_id": device_id},
                     retcol="hidden",
@@ -771,7 +771,7 @@ class DeviceStore(DeviceWorkerStore, DeviceBackgroundUpdateStore):
         Returns:
             defer.Deferred
         """
-        yield self.simple_delete_one(
+        yield self.db.simple_delete_one(
             table="devices",
             keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "device_id": device_id, "hidden": False},
             desc="delete_device",
@@ -789,7 +789,7 @@ class DeviceStore(DeviceWorkerStore, DeviceBackgroundUpdateStore):
         Returns:
             defer.Deferred
         """
-        yield self.simple_delete_many(
+        yield self.db.simple_delete_many(
             table="devices",
             column="device_id",
             iterable=device_ids,
@@ -818,7 +818,7 @@ class DeviceStore(DeviceWorkerStore, DeviceBackgroundUpdateStore):
             updates["display_name"] = new_display_name
         if not updates:
             return defer.succeed(None)
-        return self.simple_update_one(
+        return self.db.simple_update_one(
             table="devices",
             keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "device_id": device_id, "hidden": False},
             updatevalues=updates,
@@ -829,7 +829,7 @@ class DeviceStore(DeviceWorkerStore, DeviceBackgroundUpdateStore):
     def mark_remote_user_device_list_as_unsubscribed(self, user_id):
         """Mark that we no longer track device lists for remote user.
         """
-        yield self.simple_delete(
+        yield self.db.simple_delete(
             table="device_lists_remote_extremeties",
             keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
             desc="mark_remote_user_device_list_as_unsubscribed",
@@ -853,7 +853,7 @@ class DeviceStore(DeviceWorkerStore, DeviceBackgroundUpdateStore):
         Returns:
             Deferred[None]
         """
-        return self.runInteraction(
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
             "update_remote_device_list_cache_entry",
             self._update_remote_device_list_cache_entry_txn,
             user_id,
@@ -866,7 +866,7 @@ class DeviceStore(DeviceWorkerStore, DeviceBackgroundUpdateStore):
         self, txn, user_id, device_id, content, stream_id
     ):
         if content.get("deleted"):
-            self.simple_delete_txn(
+            self.db.simple_delete_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="device_lists_remote_cache",
                 keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "device_id": device_id},
@@ -874,7 +874,7 @@ class DeviceStore(DeviceWorkerStore, DeviceBackgroundUpdateStore):
 
             txn.call_after(self.device_id_exists_cache.invalidate, (user_id, device_id))
         else:
-            self.simple_upsert_txn(
+            self.db.simple_upsert_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="device_lists_remote_cache",
                 keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "device_id": device_id},
@@ -890,7 +890,7 @@ class DeviceStore(DeviceWorkerStore, DeviceBackgroundUpdateStore):
             self.get_device_list_last_stream_id_for_remote.invalidate, (user_id,)
         )
 
-        self.simple_upsert_txn(
+        self.db.simple_upsert_txn(
             txn,
             table="device_lists_remote_extremeties",
             keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
@@ -914,7 +914,7 @@ class DeviceStore(DeviceWorkerStore, DeviceBackgroundUpdateStore):
         Returns:
             Deferred[None]
         """
-        return self.runInteraction(
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
             "update_remote_device_list_cache",
             self._update_remote_device_list_cache_txn,
             user_id,
@@ -923,11 +923,11 @@ class DeviceStore(DeviceWorkerStore, DeviceBackgroundUpdateStore):
         )
 
     def _update_remote_device_list_cache_txn(self, txn, user_id, devices, stream_id):
-        self.simple_delete_txn(
+        self.db.simple_delete_txn(
             txn, table="device_lists_remote_cache", keyvalues={"user_id": user_id}
         )
 
-        self.simple_insert_many_txn(
+        self.db.simple_insert_many_txn(
             txn,
             table="device_lists_remote_cache",
             values=[
@@ -946,7 +946,7 @@ class DeviceStore(DeviceWorkerStore, DeviceBackgroundUpdateStore):
             self.get_device_list_last_stream_id_for_remote.invalidate, (user_id,)
         )
 
-        self.simple_upsert_txn(
+        self.db.simple_upsert_txn(
             txn,
             table="device_lists_remote_extremeties",
             keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
@@ -962,7 +962,7 @@ class DeviceStore(DeviceWorkerStore, DeviceBackgroundUpdateStore):
         (if any) should be poked.
         """
         with self._device_list_id_gen.get_next() as stream_id:
-            yield self.runInteraction(
+            yield self.db.runInteraction(
                 "add_device_change_to_streams",
                 self._add_device_change_txn,
                 user_id,
@@ -995,7 +995,7 @@ class DeviceStore(DeviceWorkerStore, DeviceBackgroundUpdateStore):
             [(user_id, device_id, stream_id) for device_id in device_ids],
         )
 
-        self.simple_insert_many_txn(
+        self.db.simple_insert_many_txn(
             txn,
             table="device_lists_stream",
             values=[
@@ -1006,7 +1006,7 @@ class DeviceStore(DeviceWorkerStore, DeviceBackgroundUpdateStore):
 
         context = get_active_span_text_map()
 
-        self.simple_insert_many_txn(
+        self.db.simple_insert_many_txn(
             txn,
             table="device_lists_outbound_pokes",
             values=[
@@ -1069,7 +1069,7 @@ class DeviceStore(DeviceWorkerStore, DeviceBackgroundUpdateStore):
 
         return run_as_background_process(
             "prune_old_outbound_device_pokes",
-            self.runInteraction,
+            self.db.runInteraction,
             "_prune_old_outbound_device_pokes",
             _prune_txn,
         )
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/directory.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/directory.py
index d332f8a409..c9e7de7d12 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/directory.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/directory.py
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ class DirectoryWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             Deferred: results in namedtuple with keys "room_id" and
             "servers" or None if no association can be found
         """
-        room_id = yield self.simple_select_one_onecol(
+        room_id = yield self.db.simple_select_one_onecol(
             "room_aliases",
             {"room_alias": room_alias.to_string()},
             "room_id",
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ class DirectoryWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         if not room_id:
             return None
 
-        servers = yield self.simple_select_onecol(
+        servers = yield self.db.simple_select_onecol(
             "room_alias_servers",
             {"room_alias": room_alias.to_string()},
             "server",
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ class DirectoryWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         return RoomAliasMapping(room_id, room_alias.to_string(), servers)
 
     def get_room_alias_creator(self, room_alias):
-        return self.simple_select_one_onecol(
+        return self.db.simple_select_one_onecol(
             table="room_aliases",
             keyvalues={"room_alias": room_alias},
             retcol="creator",
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ class DirectoryWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
     @cached(max_entries=5000)
     def get_aliases_for_room(self, room_id):
-        return self.simple_select_onecol(
+        return self.db.simple_select_onecol(
             "room_aliases",
             {"room_id": room_id},
             "room_alias",
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ class DirectoryStore(DirectoryWorkerStore):
         """
 
         def alias_txn(txn):
-            self.simple_insert_txn(
+            self.db.simple_insert_txn(
                 txn,
                 "room_aliases",
                 {
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ class DirectoryStore(DirectoryWorkerStore):
                 },
             )
 
-            self.simple_insert_many_txn(
+            self.db.simple_insert_many_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="room_alias_servers",
                 values=[
@@ -117,7 +117,9 @@ class DirectoryStore(DirectoryWorkerStore):
             )
 
         try:
-            ret = yield self.runInteraction("create_room_alias_association", alias_txn)
+            ret = yield self.db.runInteraction(
+                "create_room_alias_association", alias_txn
+            )
         except self.database_engine.module.IntegrityError:
             raise SynapseError(
                 409, "Room alias %s already exists" % room_alias.to_string()
@@ -126,7 +128,7 @@ class DirectoryStore(DirectoryWorkerStore):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def delete_room_alias(self, room_alias):
-        room_id = yield self.runInteraction(
+        room_id = yield self.db.runInteraction(
             "delete_room_alias", self._delete_room_alias_txn, room_alias
         )
 
@@ -168,6 +170,6 @@ class DirectoryStore(DirectoryWorkerStore):
                 txn, self.get_aliases_for_room, (new_room_id,)
             )
 
-        return self.runInteraction(
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
             "_update_aliases_for_room_txn", _update_aliases_for_room_txn
         )
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/e2e_room_keys.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/e2e_room_keys.py
index df89eda337..84594cf0a9 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/e2e_room_keys.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/e2e_room_keys.py
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ class EndToEndRoomKeyStore(SQLBaseStore):
             StoreError
         """
 
-        yield self.simple_update_one(
+        yield self.db.simple_update_one(
             table="e2e_room_keys",
             keyvalues={
                 "user_id": user_id,
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ class EndToEndRoomKeyStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 }
             )
 
-        yield self.simple_insert_many(
+        yield self.db.simple_insert_many(
             table="e2e_room_keys", values=values, desc="add_e2e_room_keys"
         )
 
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ class EndToEndRoomKeyStore(SQLBaseStore):
             if session_id:
                 keyvalues["session_id"] = session_id
 
-        rows = yield self.simple_select_list(
+        rows = yield self.db.simple_select_list(
             table="e2e_room_keys",
             keyvalues=keyvalues,
             retcols=(
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ class EndToEndRoomKeyStore(SQLBaseStore):
            Deferred[dict[str, dict[str, dict]]]: a map of room IDs to session IDs to room key
         """
 
-        return self.runInteraction(
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
             "get_e2e_room_keys_multi",
             self._get_e2e_room_keys_multi_txn,
             user_id,
@@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ class EndToEndRoomKeyStore(SQLBaseStore):
             version (str): the version ID of the backup we're querying about
         """
 
-        return self.simple_select_one_onecol(
+        return self.db.simple_select_one_onecol(
             table="e2e_room_keys",
             keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "version": version},
             retcol="COUNT(*)",
@@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ class EndToEndRoomKeyStore(SQLBaseStore):
             if session_id:
                 keyvalues["session_id"] = session_id
 
-        yield self.simple_delete(
+        yield self.db.simple_delete(
             table="e2e_room_keys", keyvalues=keyvalues, desc="delete_e2e_room_keys"
         )
 
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ class EndToEndRoomKeyStore(SQLBaseStore):
                     # it isn't there.
                     raise StoreError(404, "No row found")
 
-            result = self.simple_select_one_txn(
+            result = self.db.simple_select_one_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="e2e_room_keys_versions",
                 keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "version": this_version, "deleted": 0},
@@ -324,7 +324,7 @@ class EndToEndRoomKeyStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 result["etag"] = 0
             return result
 
-        return self.runInteraction(
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
             "get_e2e_room_keys_version_info", _get_e2e_room_keys_version_info_txn
         )
 
@@ -352,7 +352,7 @@ class EndToEndRoomKeyStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
             new_version = str(int(current_version) + 1)
 
-            self.simple_insert_txn(
+            self.db.simple_insert_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="e2e_room_keys_versions",
                 values={
@@ -365,7 +365,7 @@ class EndToEndRoomKeyStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
             return new_version
 
-        return self.runInteraction(
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
             "create_e2e_room_keys_version_txn", _create_e2e_room_keys_version_txn
         )
 
@@ -391,7 +391,7 @@ class EndToEndRoomKeyStore(SQLBaseStore):
             updatevalues["etag"] = version_etag
 
         if updatevalues:
-            return self.simple_update(
+            return self.db.simple_update(
                 table="e2e_room_keys_versions",
                 keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "version": version},
                 updatevalues=updatevalues,
@@ -420,19 +420,19 @@ class EndToEndRoomKeyStore(SQLBaseStore):
             else:
                 this_version = version
 
-            self.simple_delete_txn(
+            self.db.simple_delete_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="e2e_room_keys",
                 keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "version": this_version},
             )
 
-            return self.simple_update_one_txn(
+            return self.db.simple_update_one_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="e2e_room_keys_versions",
                 keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "version": this_version},
                 updatevalues={"deleted": 1},
             )
 
-        return self.runInteraction(
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
             "delete_e2e_room_keys_version", _delete_e2e_room_keys_version_txn
         )
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/end_to_end_keys.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/end_to_end_keys.py
index 08bcdc4725..38cd0ca9b8 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/end_to_end_keys.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/end_to_end_keys.py
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ class EndToEndKeyWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         if not query_list:
             return {}
 
-        results = yield self.runInteraction(
+        results = yield self.db.runInteraction(
             "get_e2e_device_keys",
             self._get_e2e_device_keys_txn,
             query_list,
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ class EndToEndKeyWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         )
 
         txn.execute(sql, query_params)
-        rows = self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
+        rows = self.db.cursor_to_dict(txn)
 
         result = {}
         for row in rows:
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ class EndToEndKeyWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         )
 
         txn.execute(signature_sql, signature_query_params)
-        rows = self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
+        rows = self.db.cursor_to_dict(txn)
 
         # add each cross-signing signature to the correct device in the result dict.
         for row in rows:
@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ class EndToEndKeyWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             key_id) to json string for key
         """
 
-        rows = yield self.simple_select_many_batch(
+        rows = yield self.db.simple_select_many_batch(
             table="e2e_one_time_keys_json",
             column="key_id",
             iterable=key_ids,
@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ class EndToEndKeyWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             # a unique constraint. If there is a race of two calls to
             # `add_e2e_one_time_keys` then they'll conflict and we will only
             # insert one set.
-            self.simple_insert_many_txn(
+            self.db.simple_insert_many_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="e2e_one_time_keys_json",
                 values=[
@@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ class EndToEndKeyWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 txn, self.count_e2e_one_time_keys, (user_id, device_id)
             )
 
-        yield self.runInteraction(
+        yield self.db.runInteraction(
             "add_e2e_one_time_keys_insert", _add_e2e_one_time_keys
         )
 
@@ -261,7 +261,9 @@ class EndToEndKeyWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 result[algorithm] = key_count
             return result
 
-        return self.runInteraction("count_e2e_one_time_keys", _count_e2e_one_time_keys)
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
+            "count_e2e_one_time_keys", _count_e2e_one_time_keys
+        )
 
     def _get_e2e_cross_signing_key_txn(self, txn, user_id, key_type, from_user_id=None):
         """Returns a user's cross-signing key.
@@ -322,7 +324,7 @@ class EndToEndKeyWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         Returns:
             dict of the key data or None if not found
         """
-        return self.runInteraction(
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
             "get_e2e_cross_signing_key",
             self._get_e2e_cross_signing_key_txn,
             user_id,
@@ -350,7 +352,7 @@ class EndToEndKeyWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             WHERE ? < stream_id AND stream_id <= ?
             GROUP BY user_id
         """
-        return self.execute(
+        return self.db.execute(
             "get_all_user_signature_changes_for_remotes", None, sql, from_key, to_key
         )
 
@@ -367,7 +369,7 @@ class EndToEndKeyStore(EndToEndKeyWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
             set_tag("time_now", time_now)
             set_tag("device_keys", device_keys)
 
-            old_key_json = self.simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
+            old_key_json = self.db.simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="e2e_device_keys_json",
                 keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "device_id": device_id},
@@ -383,7 +385,7 @@ class EndToEndKeyStore(EndToEndKeyWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
                 log_kv({"Message": "Device key already stored."})
                 return False
 
-            self.simple_upsert_txn(
+            self.db.simple_upsert_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="e2e_device_keys_json",
                 keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "device_id": device_id},
@@ -392,7 +394,7 @@ class EndToEndKeyStore(EndToEndKeyWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
             log_kv({"message": "Device keys stored."})
             return True
 
-        return self.runInteraction("set_e2e_device_keys", _set_e2e_device_keys_txn)
+        return self.db.runInteraction("set_e2e_device_keys", _set_e2e_device_keys_txn)
 
     def claim_e2e_one_time_keys(self, query_list):
         """Take a list of one time keys out of the database"""
@@ -431,7 +433,9 @@ class EndToEndKeyStore(EndToEndKeyWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
                 )
             return result
 
-        return self.runInteraction("claim_e2e_one_time_keys", _claim_e2e_one_time_keys)
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
+            "claim_e2e_one_time_keys", _claim_e2e_one_time_keys
+        )
 
     def delete_e2e_keys_by_device(self, user_id, device_id):
         def delete_e2e_keys_by_device_txn(txn):
@@ -442,12 +446,12 @@ class EndToEndKeyStore(EndToEndKeyWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
                     "user_id": user_id,
                 }
             )
-            self.simple_delete_txn(
+            self.db.simple_delete_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="e2e_device_keys_json",
                 keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "device_id": device_id},
             )
-            self.simple_delete_txn(
+            self.db.simple_delete_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="e2e_one_time_keys_json",
                 keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "device_id": device_id},
@@ -456,7 +460,7 @@ class EndToEndKeyStore(EndToEndKeyWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
                 txn, self.count_e2e_one_time_keys, (user_id, device_id)
             )
 
-        return self.runInteraction(
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
             "delete_e2e_keys_by_device", delete_e2e_keys_by_device_txn
         )
 
@@ -492,7 +496,7 @@ class EndToEndKeyStore(EndToEndKeyWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
         # The "keys" property must only have one entry, which will be the public
         # key, so we just grab the first value in there
         pubkey = next(iter(key["keys"].values()))
-        self.simple_insert_txn(
+        self.db.simple_insert_txn(
             txn,
             "devices",
             values={
@@ -505,7 +509,7 @@ class EndToEndKeyStore(EndToEndKeyWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
 
         # and finally, store the key itself
         with self._cross_signing_id_gen.get_next() as stream_id:
-            self.simple_insert_txn(
+            self.db.simple_insert_txn(
                 txn,
                 "e2e_cross_signing_keys",
                 values={
@@ -524,7 +528,7 @@ class EndToEndKeyStore(EndToEndKeyWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
             key_type (str): the type of cross-signing key to set
             key (dict): the key data
         """
-        return self.runInteraction(
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
             "add_e2e_cross_signing_key",
             self._set_e2e_cross_signing_key_txn,
             user_id,
@@ -539,7 +543,7 @@ class EndToEndKeyStore(EndToEndKeyWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
             user_id (str): the user who made the signatures
             signatures (iterable[SignatureListItem]): signatures to add
         """
-        return self.simple_insert_many(
+        return self.db.simple_insert_many(
             "e2e_cross_signing_signatures",
             [
                 {
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/event_federation.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/event_federation.py
index 051ac7a8cb..77e4353b59 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/event_federation.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/event_federation.py
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ class EventFederationWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SignatureWorkerStore, SQLBas
         Returns:
             list of event_ids
         """
-        return self.runInteraction(
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
             "get_auth_chain_ids", self._get_auth_chain_ids_txn, event_ids, include_given
         )
 
@@ -90,12 +90,12 @@ class EventFederationWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SignatureWorkerStore, SQLBas
         return list(results)
 
     def get_oldest_events_in_room(self, room_id):
-        return self.runInteraction(
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
             "get_oldest_events_in_room", self._get_oldest_events_in_room_txn, room_id
         )
 
     def get_oldest_events_with_depth_in_room(self, room_id):
-        return self.runInteraction(
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
             "get_oldest_events_with_depth_in_room",
             self.get_oldest_events_with_depth_in_room_txn,
             room_id,
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ class EventFederationWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SignatureWorkerStore, SQLBas
         Returns
             Deferred[int]
         """
-        rows = yield self.simple_select_many_batch(
+        rows = yield self.db.simple_select_many_batch(
             table="events",
             column="event_id",
             iterable=event_ids,
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ class EventFederationWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SignatureWorkerStore, SQLBas
             return max(row["depth"] for row in rows)
 
     def _get_oldest_events_in_room_txn(self, txn, room_id):
-        return self.simple_select_onecol_txn(
+        return self.db.simple_select_onecol_txn(
             txn,
             table="event_backward_extremities",
             keyvalues={"room_id": room_id},
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ class EventFederationWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SignatureWorkerStore, SQLBas
                 where *hashes* is a map from algorithm to hash.
         """
 
-        return self.runInteraction(
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
             "get_latest_event_ids_and_hashes_in_room",
             self._get_latest_event_ids_and_hashes_in_room,
             room_id,
@@ -229,13 +229,13 @@ class EventFederationWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SignatureWorkerStore, SQLBas
             txn.execute(sql, query_args)
             return [room_id for room_id, in txn]
 
-        return self.runInteraction(
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
             "get_rooms_with_many_extremities", _get_rooms_with_many_extremities_txn
         )
 
     @cached(max_entries=5000, iterable=True)
     def get_latest_event_ids_in_room(self, room_id):
-        return self.simple_select_onecol(
+        return self.db.simple_select_onecol(
             table="event_forward_extremities",
             keyvalues={"room_id": room_id},
             retcol="event_id",
@@ -266,12 +266,12 @@ class EventFederationWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SignatureWorkerStore, SQLBas
     def get_min_depth(self, room_id):
         """ For hte given room, get the minimum depth we have seen for it.
         """
-        return self.runInteraction(
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
             "get_min_depth", self._get_min_depth_interaction, room_id
         )
 
     def _get_min_depth_interaction(self, txn, room_id):
-        min_depth = self.simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
+        min_depth = self.db.simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
             txn,
             table="room_depth",
             keyvalues={"room_id": room_id},
@@ -337,7 +337,7 @@ class EventFederationWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SignatureWorkerStore, SQLBas
             txn.execute(sql, (stream_ordering, room_id))
             return [event_id for event_id, in txn]
 
-        return self.runInteraction(
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
             "get_forward_extremeties_for_room", get_forward_extremeties_for_room_txn
         )
 
@@ -352,7 +352,7 @@ class EventFederationWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SignatureWorkerStore, SQLBas
             limit (int)
         """
         return (
-            self.runInteraction(
+            self.db.runInteraction(
                 "get_backfill_events",
                 self._get_backfill_events,
                 room_id,
@@ -383,7 +383,7 @@ class EventFederationWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SignatureWorkerStore, SQLBas
         queue = PriorityQueue()
 
         for event_id in event_list:
-            depth = self.simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
+            depth = self.db.simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="events",
                 keyvalues={"event_id": event_id, "room_id": room_id},
@@ -415,7 +415,7 @@ class EventFederationWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SignatureWorkerStore, SQLBas
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_missing_events(self, room_id, earliest_events, latest_events, limit):
-        ids = yield self.runInteraction(
+        ids = yield self.db.runInteraction(
             "get_missing_events",
             self._get_missing_events,
             room_id,
@@ -468,7 +468,7 @@ class EventFederationWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SignatureWorkerStore, SQLBas
         Returns:
             Deferred[list[str]]
         """
-        rows = yield self.simple_select_many_batch(
+        rows = yield self.db.simple_select_many_batch(
             table="event_edges",
             column="prev_event_id",
             iterable=event_ids,
@@ -508,7 +508,7 @@ class EventFederationStore(EventFederationWorkerStore):
         if min_depth and depth >= min_depth:
             return
 
-        self.simple_upsert_txn(
+        self.db.simple_upsert_txn(
             txn,
             table="room_depth",
             keyvalues={"room_id": room_id},
@@ -520,7 +520,7 @@ class EventFederationStore(EventFederationWorkerStore):
         For the given event, update the event edges table and forward and
         backward extremities tables.
         """
-        self.simple_insert_many_txn(
+        self.db.simple_insert_many_txn(
             txn,
             table="event_edges",
             values=[
@@ -604,13 +604,13 @@ class EventFederationStore(EventFederationWorkerStore):
 
         return run_as_background_process(
             "delete_old_forward_extrem_cache",
-            self.runInteraction,
+            self.db.runInteraction,
             "_delete_old_forward_extrem_cache",
             _delete_old_forward_extrem_cache_txn,
         )
 
     def clean_room_for_join(self, room_id):
-        return self.runInteraction(
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
             "clean_room_for_join", self._clean_room_for_join_txn, room_id
         )
 
@@ -660,7 +660,7 @@ class EventFederationStore(EventFederationWorkerStore):
 
             return min_stream_id >= target_min_stream_id
 
-        result = yield self.runInteraction(
+        result = yield self.db.runInteraction(
             self.EVENT_AUTH_STATE_ONLY, delete_event_auth
         )
 
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/event_push_actions.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/event_push_actions.py
index 0a37847cfd..725d0881dc 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/event_push_actions.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/event_push_actions.py
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ class EventPushActionsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
     def get_unread_event_push_actions_by_room_for_user(
         self, room_id, user_id, last_read_event_id
     ):
-        ret = yield self.runInteraction(
+        ret = yield self.db.runInteraction(
             "get_unread_event_push_actions_by_room",
             self._get_unread_counts_by_receipt_txn,
             room_id,
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ class EventPushActionsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             txn.execute(sql, (min_stream_ordering, max_stream_ordering))
             return [r[0] for r in txn]
 
-        ret = yield self.runInteraction("get_push_action_users_in_range", f)
+        ret = yield self.db.runInteraction("get_push_action_users_in_range", f)
         return ret
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ class EventPushActionsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             txn.execute(sql, args)
             return txn.fetchall()
 
-        after_read_receipt = yield self.runInteraction(
+        after_read_receipt = yield self.db.runInteraction(
             "get_unread_push_actions_for_user_in_range_http_arr", get_after_receipt
         )
 
@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ class EventPushActionsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             txn.execute(sql, args)
             return txn.fetchall()
 
-        no_read_receipt = yield self.runInteraction(
+        no_read_receipt = yield self.db.runInteraction(
             "get_unread_push_actions_for_user_in_range_http_nrr", get_no_receipt
         )
 
@@ -329,7 +329,7 @@ class EventPushActionsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             txn.execute(sql, args)
             return txn.fetchall()
 
-        after_read_receipt = yield self.runInteraction(
+        after_read_receipt = yield self.db.runInteraction(
             "get_unread_push_actions_for_user_in_range_email_arr", get_after_receipt
         )
 
@@ -357,7 +357,7 @@ class EventPushActionsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             txn.execute(sql, args)
             return txn.fetchall()
 
-        no_read_receipt = yield self.runInteraction(
+        no_read_receipt = yield self.db.runInteraction(
             "get_unread_push_actions_for_user_in_range_email_nrr", get_no_receipt
         )
 
@@ -407,7 +407,7 @@ class EventPushActionsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             txn.execute(sql, (user_id, min_stream_ordering))
             return bool(txn.fetchone())
 
-        return self.runInteraction(
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
             "get_if_maybe_push_in_range_for_user",
             _get_if_maybe_push_in_range_for_user_txn,
         )
@@ -458,7 +458,7 @@ class EventPushActionsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 ),
             )
 
-        return self.runInteraction(
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
             "add_push_actions_to_staging", _add_push_actions_to_staging_txn
         )
 
@@ -472,7 +472,7 @@ class EventPushActionsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         """
 
         try:
-            res = yield self.simple_delete(
+            res = yield self.db.simple_delete(
                 table="event_push_actions_staging",
                 keyvalues={"event_id": event_id},
                 desc="remove_push_actions_from_staging",
@@ -489,7 +489,7 @@ class EventPushActionsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
     def _find_stream_orderings_for_times(self):
         return run_as_background_process(
             "event_push_action_stream_orderings",
-            self.runInteraction,
+            self.db.runInteraction,
             "_find_stream_orderings_for_times",
             self._find_stream_orderings_for_times_txn,
         )
@@ -525,7 +525,7 @@ class EventPushActionsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             Deferred[int]: stream ordering of the first event received on/after
                 the timestamp
         """
-        return self.runInteraction(
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
             "_find_first_stream_ordering_after_ts_txn",
             self._find_first_stream_ordering_after_ts_txn,
             ts,
@@ -677,7 +677,7 @@ class EventPushActionsStore(EventPushActionsWorkerStore):
             )
 
         for event, _ in events_and_contexts:
-            user_ids = self.simple_select_onecol_txn(
+            user_ids = self.db.simple_select_onecol_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="event_push_actions_staging",
                 keyvalues={"event_id": event.event_id},
@@ -727,9 +727,9 @@ class EventPushActionsStore(EventPushActionsWorkerStore):
                 " LIMIT ?" % (before_clause,)
             )
             txn.execute(sql, args)
-            return self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
+            return self.db.cursor_to_dict(txn)
 
-        push_actions = yield self.runInteraction("get_push_actions_for_user", f)
+        push_actions = yield self.db.runInteraction("get_push_actions_for_user", f)
         for pa in push_actions:
             pa["actions"] = _deserialize_action(pa["actions"], pa["highlight"])
         return push_actions
@@ -748,7 +748,7 @@ class EventPushActionsStore(EventPushActionsWorkerStore):
             txn.execute(sql, (stream_ordering,))
             return txn.fetchone()
 
-        result = yield self.runInteraction("get_time_of_last_push_action_before", f)
+        result = yield self.db.runInteraction("get_time_of_last_push_action_before", f)
         return result[0] if result else None
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -757,7 +757,9 @@ class EventPushActionsStore(EventPushActionsWorkerStore):
             txn.execute("SELECT MAX(stream_ordering) FROM event_push_actions")
             return txn.fetchone()
 
-        result = yield self.runInteraction("get_latest_push_action_stream_ordering", f)
+        result = yield self.db.runInteraction(
+            "get_latest_push_action_stream_ordering", f
+        )
         return result[0] or 0
 
     def _remove_push_actions_for_event_id_txn(self, txn, room_id, event_id):
@@ -830,7 +832,7 @@ class EventPushActionsStore(EventPushActionsWorkerStore):
             while True:
                 logger.info("Rotating notifications")
 
-                caught_up = yield self.runInteraction(
+                caught_up = yield self.db.runInteraction(
                     "_rotate_notifs", self._rotate_notifs_txn
                 )
                 if caught_up:
@@ -844,7 +846,7 @@ class EventPushActionsStore(EventPushActionsWorkerStore):
         the archiving process has caught up or not.
         """
 
-        old_rotate_stream_ordering = self.simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
+        old_rotate_stream_ordering = self.db.simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
             txn,
             table="event_push_summary_stream_ordering",
             keyvalues={},
@@ -880,7 +882,7 @@ class EventPushActionsStore(EventPushActionsWorkerStore):
         return caught_up
 
     def _rotate_notifs_before_txn(self, txn, rotate_to_stream_ordering):
-        old_rotate_stream_ordering = self.simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
+        old_rotate_stream_ordering = self.db.simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
             txn,
             table="event_push_summary_stream_ordering",
             keyvalues={},
@@ -912,7 +914,7 @@ class EventPushActionsStore(EventPushActionsWorkerStore):
         # If the `old.user_id` above is NULL then we know there isn't already an
         # entry in the table, so we simply insert it. Otherwise we update the
         # existing table.
-        self.simple_insert_many_txn(
+        self.db.simple_insert_many_txn(
             txn,
             table="event_push_summary",
             values=[
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/events.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/events.py
index 98ae69e996..01ec9ec397 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/events.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/events.py
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ class EventsStore(
             )
             return txn.fetchall()
 
-        res = yield self.runInteraction("read_forward_extremities", fetch)
+        res = yield self.db.runInteraction("read_forward_extremities", fetch)
         self._current_forward_extremities_amount = c_counter(list(x[0] for x in res))
 
     @_retry_on_integrity_error
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ class EventsStore(
             for (event, context), stream in zip(events_and_contexts, stream_orderings):
                 event.internal_metadata.stream_ordering = stream
 
-            yield self.runInteraction(
+            yield self.db.runInteraction(
                 "persist_events",
                 self._persist_events_txn,
                 events_and_contexts=events_and_contexts,
@@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ class EventsStore(
             results.extend(r[0] for r in txn if not json.loads(r[1]).get("soft_failed"))
 
         for chunk in batch_iter(event_ids, 100):
-            yield self.runInteraction(
+            yield self.db.runInteraction(
                 "_get_events_which_are_prevs", _get_events_which_are_prevs_txn, chunk
             )
 
@@ -345,7 +345,7 @@ class EventsStore(
                         existing_prevs.add(prev_event_id)
 
         for chunk in batch_iter(event_ids, 100):
-            yield self.runInteraction(
+            yield self.db.runInteraction(
                 "_get_prevs_before_rejected", _get_prevs_before_rejected_txn, chunk
             )
 
@@ -432,7 +432,7 @@ class EventsStore(
         # event's auth chain, but its easier for now just to store them (and
         # it doesn't take much storage compared to storing the entire event
         # anyway).
-        self.simple_insert_many_txn(
+        self.db.simple_insert_many_txn(
             txn,
             table="event_auth",
             values=[
@@ -580,12 +580,12 @@ class EventsStore(
         self, txn, new_forward_extremities, max_stream_order
     ):
         for room_id, new_extrem in iteritems(new_forward_extremities):
-            self.simple_delete_txn(
+            self.db.simple_delete_txn(
                 txn, table="event_forward_extremities", keyvalues={"room_id": room_id}
             )
             txn.call_after(self.get_latest_event_ids_in_room.invalidate, (room_id,))
 
-        self.simple_insert_many_txn(
+        self.db.simple_insert_many_txn(
             txn,
             table="event_forward_extremities",
             values=[
@@ -598,7 +598,7 @@ class EventsStore(
         # new stream_ordering to new forward extremeties in the room.
         # This allows us to later efficiently look up the forward extremeties
         # for a room before a given stream_ordering
-        self.simple_insert_many_txn(
+        self.db.simple_insert_many_txn(
             txn,
             table="stream_ordering_to_exterm",
             values=[
@@ -722,7 +722,7 @@ class EventsStore(
                 # change in outlier status to our workers.
                 stream_order = event.internal_metadata.stream_ordering
                 state_group_id = context.state_group
-                self.simple_insert_txn(
+                self.db.simple_insert_txn(
                     txn,
                     table="ex_outlier_stream",
                     values={
@@ -794,7 +794,7 @@ class EventsStore(
             d.pop("redacted_because", None)
             return d
 
-        self.simple_insert_many_txn(
+        self.db.simple_insert_many_txn(
             txn,
             table="event_json",
             values=[
@@ -811,7 +811,7 @@ class EventsStore(
             ],
         )
 
-        self.simple_insert_many_txn(
+        self.db.simple_insert_many_txn(
             txn,
             table="events",
             values=[
@@ -841,7 +841,7 @@ class EventsStore(
                 # If we're persisting an unredacted event we go and ensure
                 # that we mark any redactions that reference this event as
                 # requiring censoring.
-                self.simple_update_txn(
+                self.db.simple_update_txn(
                     txn,
                     table="redactions",
                     keyvalues={"redacts": event.event_id},
@@ -983,7 +983,7 @@ class EventsStore(
 
             state_values.append(vals)
 
-        self.simple_insert_many_txn(txn, table="state_events", values=state_values)
+        self.db.simple_insert_many_txn(txn, table="state_events", values=state_values)
 
         # Prefill the event cache
         self._add_to_cache(txn, events_and_contexts)
@@ -1014,7 +1014,7 @@ class EventsStore(
             )
 
             txn.execute(sql + clause, args)
-            rows = self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
+            rows = self.db.cursor_to_dict(txn)
             for row in rows:
                 event = ev_map[row["event_id"]]
                 if not row["rejects"] and not row["redacts"]:
@@ -1032,7 +1032,7 @@ class EventsStore(
         # invalidate the cache for the redacted event
         txn.call_after(self._invalidate_get_event_cache, event.redacts)
 
-        self.simple_insert_txn(
+        self.db.simple_insert_txn(
             txn,
             table="redactions",
             values={
@@ -1077,7 +1077,9 @@ class EventsStore(
             LIMIT ?
         """
 
-        rows = yield self.execute("_censor_redactions_fetch", None, sql, before_ts, 100)
+        rows = yield self.db.execute(
+            "_censor_redactions_fetch", None, sql, before_ts, 100
+        )
 
         updates = []
 
@@ -1109,14 +1111,14 @@ class EventsStore(
                 if pruned_json:
                     self._censor_event_txn(txn, event_id, pruned_json)
 
-                self.simple_update_one_txn(
+                self.db.simple_update_one_txn(
                     txn,
                     table="redactions",
                     keyvalues={"event_id": redaction_id},
                     updatevalues={"have_censored": True},
                 )
 
-        yield self.runInteraction("_update_censor_txn", _update_censor_txn)
+        yield self.db.runInteraction("_update_censor_txn", _update_censor_txn)
 
     def _censor_event_txn(self, txn, event_id, pruned_json):
         """Censor an event by replacing its JSON in the event_json table with the
@@ -1127,7 +1129,7 @@ class EventsStore(
             event_id (str): The ID of the event to censor.
             pruned_json (str): The pruned JSON
         """
-        self.simple_update_one_txn(
+        self.db.simple_update_one_txn(
             txn,
             table="event_json",
             keyvalues={"event_id": event_id},
@@ -1153,7 +1155,7 @@ class EventsStore(
             (count,) = txn.fetchone()
             return count
 
-        ret = yield self.runInteraction("count_messages", _count_messages)
+        ret = yield self.db.runInteraction("count_messages", _count_messages)
         return ret
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -1174,7 +1176,7 @@ class EventsStore(
             (count,) = txn.fetchone()
             return count
 
-        ret = yield self.runInteraction("count_daily_sent_messages", _count_messages)
+        ret = yield self.db.runInteraction("count_daily_sent_messages", _count_messages)
         return ret
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -1189,7 +1191,7 @@ class EventsStore(
             (count,) = txn.fetchone()
             return count
 
-        ret = yield self.runInteraction("count_daily_active_rooms", _count)
+        ret = yield self.db.runInteraction("count_daily_active_rooms", _count)
         return ret
 
     def get_current_backfill_token(self):
@@ -1241,7 +1243,7 @@ class EventsStore(
 
             return new_event_updates
 
-        return self.runInteraction(
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
             "get_all_new_forward_event_rows", get_all_new_forward_event_rows
         )
 
@@ -1286,7 +1288,7 @@ class EventsStore(
 
             return new_event_updates
 
-        return self.runInteraction(
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
             "get_all_new_backfill_event_rows", get_all_new_backfill_event_rows
         )
 
@@ -1379,7 +1381,7 @@ class EventsStore(
                 backward_ex_outliers,
             )
 
-        return self.runInteraction("get_all_new_events", get_all_new_events_txn)
+        return self.db.runInteraction("get_all_new_events", get_all_new_events_txn)
 
     def purge_history(self, room_id, token, delete_local_events):
         """Deletes room history before a certain point
@@ -1399,7 +1401,7 @@ class EventsStore(
             deleted events.
         """
 
-        return self.runInteraction(
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
             "purge_history",
             self._purge_history_txn,
             room_id,
@@ -1647,7 +1649,7 @@ class EventsStore(
             Deferred[List[int]]: The list of state groups to delete.
         """
 
-        return self.runInteraction("purge_room", self._purge_room_txn, room_id)
+        return self.db.runInteraction("purge_room", self._purge_room_txn, room_id)
 
     def _purge_room_txn(self, txn, room_id):
         # First we fetch all the state groups that should be deleted, before
@@ -1766,7 +1768,7 @@ class EventsStore(
                 to delete.
         """
 
-        return self.runInteraction(
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
             "purge_unreferenced_state_groups",
             self._purge_unreferenced_state_groups,
             room_id,
@@ -1778,7 +1780,7 @@ class EventsStore(
             "[purge] found %i state groups to delete", len(state_groups_to_delete)
         )
 
-        rows = self.simple_select_many_txn(
+        rows = self.db.simple_select_many_txn(
             txn,
             table="state_group_edges",
             column="prev_state_group",
@@ -1805,15 +1807,15 @@ class EventsStore(
             curr_state = self._get_state_groups_from_groups_txn(txn, [sg])
             curr_state = curr_state[sg]
 
-            self.simple_delete_txn(
+            self.db.simple_delete_txn(
                 txn, table="state_groups_state", keyvalues={"state_group": sg}
             )
 
-            self.simple_delete_txn(
+            self.db.simple_delete_txn(
                 txn, table="state_group_edges", keyvalues={"state_group": sg}
             )
 
-            self.simple_insert_many_txn(
+            self.db.simple_insert_many_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="state_groups_state",
                 values=[
@@ -1850,7 +1852,7 @@ class EventsStore(
             state group.
         """
 
-        rows = yield self.simple_select_many_batch(
+        rows = yield self.db.simple_select_many_batch(
             table="state_group_edges",
             column="prev_state_group",
             iterable=state_groups,
@@ -1869,7 +1871,7 @@ class EventsStore(
             state_groups_to_delete (list[int]): State groups to delete
         """
 
-        return self.runInteraction(
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
             "purge_room_state",
             self._purge_room_state_txn,
             room_id,
@@ -1880,7 +1882,7 @@ class EventsStore(
         # first we have to delete the state groups states
         logger.info("[purge] removing %s from state_groups_state", room_id)
 
-        self.simple_delete_many_txn(
+        self.db.simple_delete_many_txn(
             txn,
             table="state_groups_state",
             column="state_group",
@@ -1891,7 +1893,7 @@ class EventsStore(
         # ... and the state group edges
         logger.info("[purge] removing %s from state_group_edges", room_id)
 
-        self.simple_delete_many_txn(
+        self.db.simple_delete_many_txn(
             txn,
             table="state_group_edges",
             column="state_group",
@@ -1902,7 +1904,7 @@ class EventsStore(
         # ... and the state groups
         logger.info("[purge] removing %s from state_groups", room_id)
 
-        self.simple_delete_many_txn(
+        self.db.simple_delete_many_txn(
             txn,
             table="state_groups",
             column="id",
@@ -1919,7 +1921,7 @@ class EventsStore(
 
     @cachedInlineCallbacks(max_entries=5000)
     def _get_event_ordering(self, event_id):
-        res = yield self.simple_select_one(
+        res = yield self.db.simple_select_one(
             table="events",
             retcols=["topological_ordering", "stream_ordering"],
             keyvalues={"event_id": event_id},
@@ -1942,7 +1944,7 @@ class EventsStore(
             txn.execute(sql, (from_token, to_token, limit))
             return txn.fetchall()
 
-        return self.runInteraction(
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
             "get_all_updated_current_state_deltas",
             get_all_updated_current_state_deltas_txn,
         )
@@ -1960,7 +1962,7 @@ class EventsStore(
             room_id (str): The ID of the room the event was sent to.
             topological_ordering (int): The position of the event in the room's topology.
         """
-        return self.simple_insert_many_txn(
+        return self.db.simple_insert_many_txn(
             txn=txn,
             table="event_labels",
             values=[
@@ -1982,7 +1984,7 @@ class EventsStore(
             event_id (str): The event ID the expiry timestamp is associated with.
             expiry_ts (int): The timestamp at which to expire (delete) the event.
         """
-        return self.simple_insert_txn(
+        return self.db.simple_insert_txn(
             txn=txn,
             table="event_expiry",
             values={"event_id": event_id, "expiry_ts": expiry_ts},
@@ -2031,7 +2033,7 @@ class EventsStore(
                 txn, "_get_event_cache", (event.event_id,)
             )
 
-        yield self.runInteraction("delete_expired_event", delete_expired_event_txn)
+        yield self.db.runInteraction("delete_expired_event", delete_expired_event_txn)
 
     def _delete_event_expiry_txn(self, txn, event_id):
         """Delete the expiry timestamp associated with an event ID without deleting the
@@ -2041,7 +2043,7 @@ class EventsStore(
             txn (LoggingTransaction): The transaction to use to perform the deletion.
             event_id (str): The event ID to delete the associated expiry timestamp of.
         """
-        return self.simple_delete_txn(
+        return self.db.simple_delete_txn(
             txn=txn, table="event_expiry", keyvalues={"event_id": event_id}
         )
 
@@ -2065,7 +2067,7 @@ class EventsStore(
 
             return txn.fetchone()
 
-        return self.runInteraction(
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
             desc="get_next_event_to_expire", func=get_next_event_to_expire_txn
         )
 
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/events_bg_updates.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/events_bg_updates.py
index 37dfc8c871..365e966956 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/events_bg_updates.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/events_bg_updates.py
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ class EventsBackgroundUpdatesStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
 
             return len(rows)
 
-        result = yield self.runInteraction(
+        result = yield self.db.runInteraction(
             self.EVENT_FIELDS_SENDER_URL_UPDATE_NAME, reindex_txn
         )
 
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ class EventsBackgroundUpdatesStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
 
             chunks = [event_ids[i : i + 100] for i in range(0, len(event_ids), 100)]
             for chunk in chunks:
-                ev_rows = self.simple_select_many_txn(
+                ev_rows = self.db.simple_select_many_txn(
                     txn,
                     table="event_json",
                     column="event_id",
@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ class EventsBackgroundUpdatesStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
 
             return len(rows_to_update)
 
-        result = yield self.runInteraction(
+        result = yield self.db.runInteraction(
             self.EVENT_ORIGIN_SERVER_TS_NAME, reindex_search_txn
         )
 
@@ -366,7 +366,7 @@ class EventsBackgroundUpdatesStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
 
             to_delete.intersection_update(original_set)
 
-            deleted = self.simple_delete_many_txn(
+            deleted = self.db.simple_delete_many_txn(
                 txn=txn,
                 table="event_forward_extremities",
                 column="event_id",
@@ -382,7 +382,7 @@ class EventsBackgroundUpdatesStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
 
             if deleted:
                 # We now need to invalidate the caches of these rooms
-                rows = self.simple_select_many_txn(
+                rows = self.db.simple_select_many_txn(
                     txn,
                     table="events",
                     column="event_id",
@@ -396,7 +396,7 @@ class EventsBackgroundUpdatesStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
                         self.get_latest_event_ids_in_room.invalidate, (room_id,)
                     )
 
-            self.simple_delete_many_txn(
+            self.db.simple_delete_many_txn(
                 txn=txn,
                 table="_extremities_to_check",
                 column="event_id",
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ class EventsBackgroundUpdatesStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
 
             return len(original_set)
 
-        num_handled = yield self.runInteraction(
+        num_handled = yield self.db.runInteraction(
             "_cleanup_extremities_bg_update", _cleanup_extremities_bg_update_txn
         )
 
@@ -416,7 +416,7 @@ class EventsBackgroundUpdatesStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
             def _drop_table_txn(txn):
                 txn.execute("DROP TABLE _extremities_to_check")
 
-            yield self.runInteraction(
+            yield self.db.runInteraction(
                 "_cleanup_extremities_bg_update_drop_table", _drop_table_txn
             )
 
@@ -470,7 +470,7 @@ class EventsBackgroundUpdatesStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
 
             return len(rows)
 
-        count = yield self.runInteraction(
+        count = yield self.db.runInteraction(
             "_redactions_received_ts", _redactions_received_ts_txn
         )
 
@@ -501,7 +501,7 @@ class EventsBackgroundUpdatesStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
 
             txn.execute("DROP INDEX redactions_censored_redacts")
 
-        yield self.runInteraction(
+        yield self.db.runInteraction(
             "_event_fix_redactions_bytes", _event_fix_redactions_bytes_txn
         )
 
@@ -533,7 +533,7 @@ class EventsBackgroundUpdatesStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
                 try:
                     event_json = json.loads(event_json_raw)
 
-                    self.simple_insert_many_txn(
+                    self.db.simple_insert_many_txn(
                         txn=txn,
                         table="event_labels",
                         values=[
@@ -565,7 +565,7 @@ class EventsBackgroundUpdatesStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
 
             return nbrows
 
-        num_rows = yield self.runInteraction(
+        num_rows = yield self.db.runInteraction(
             desc="event_store_labels", func=_event_store_labels_txn
         )
 
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/events_worker.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/events_worker.py
index 6a08a746b6..e041fc5eac 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/events_worker.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/events_worker.py
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ class EventsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             Deferred[int|None]: Timestamp in milliseconds, or None for events
             that were persisted before received_ts was implemented.
         """
-        return self.simple_select_one_onecol(
+        return self.db.simple_select_one_onecol(
             table="events",
             keyvalues={"event_id": event_id},
             retcol="received_ts",
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ class EventsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
             return ts
 
-        return self.runInteraction(
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
             "get_approximate_received_ts", _get_approximate_received_ts_txn
         )
 
@@ -452,7 +452,7 @@ class EventsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                     event_id for events, _ in event_list for event_id in events
                 )
 
-                row_dict = self.new_transaction(
+                row_dict = self.db.new_transaction(
                     conn, "do_fetch", [], [], self._fetch_event_rows, events_to_fetch
                 )
 
@@ -584,7 +584,7 @@ class EventsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
         if should_start:
             run_as_background_process(
-                "fetch_events", self.runWithConnection, self._do_fetch
+                "fetch_events", self.db.runWithConnection, self._do_fetch
             )
 
         logger.debug("Loading %d events: %s", len(events), events)
@@ -745,7 +745,7 @@ class EventsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         """Given a list of event ids, check if we have already processed and
         stored them as non outliers.
         """
-        rows = yield self.simple_select_many_batch(
+        rows = yield self.db.simple_select_many_batch(
             table="events",
             retcols=("event_id",),
             column="event_id",
@@ -780,7 +780,9 @@ class EventsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         # break the input up into chunks of 100
         input_iterator = iter(event_ids)
         for chunk in iter(lambda: list(itertools.islice(input_iterator, 100)), []):
-            yield self.runInteraction("have_seen_events", have_seen_events_txn, chunk)
+            yield self.db.runInteraction(
+                "have_seen_events", have_seen_events_txn, chunk
+            )
         return results
 
     def _get_total_state_event_counts_txn(self, txn, room_id):
@@ -807,7 +809,7 @@ class EventsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         Returns:
             Deferred[int]
         """
-        return self.runInteraction(
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
             "get_total_state_event_counts",
             self._get_total_state_event_counts_txn,
             room_id,
@@ -832,7 +834,7 @@ class EventsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         Returns:
             Deferred[int]
         """
-        return self.runInteraction(
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
             "get_current_state_event_counts",
             self._get_current_state_event_counts_txn,
             room_id,
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/filtering.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/filtering.py
index 17ef7b9354..342d6622a4 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/filtering.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/filtering.py
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ class FilteringStore(SQLBaseStore):
         except ValueError:
             raise SynapseError(400, "Invalid filter ID", Codes.INVALID_PARAM)
 
-        def_json = yield self.simple_select_one_onecol(
+        def_json = yield self.db.simple_select_one_onecol(
             table="user_filters",
             keyvalues={"user_id": user_localpart, "filter_id": filter_id},
             retcol="filter_json",
@@ -71,4 +71,4 @@ class FilteringStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
             return filter_id
 
-        return self.runInteraction("add_user_filter", _do_txn)
+        return self.db.runInteraction("add_user_filter", _do_txn)
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/group_server.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/group_server.py
index 9e1d12bcb7..7f5e8dce66 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/group_server.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/group_server.py
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
          * "invite"
          * "open"
         """
-        return self.simple_update_one(
+        return self.db.simple_update_one(
             table="groups",
             keyvalues={"group_id": group_id},
             updatevalues={"join_policy": join_policy},
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         )
 
     def get_group(self, group_id):
-        return self.simple_select_one(
+        return self.db.simple_select_one(
             table="groups",
             keyvalues={"group_id": group_id},
             retcols=(
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         if not include_private:
             keyvalues["is_public"] = True
 
-        return self.simple_select_list(
+        return self.db.simple_select_list(
             table="group_users",
             keyvalues=keyvalues,
             retcols=("user_id", "is_public", "is_admin"),
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
     def get_invited_users_in_group(self, group_id):
         # TODO: Pagination
 
-        return self.simple_select_onecol(
+        return self.db.simple_select_onecol(
             table="group_invites",
             keyvalues={"group_id": group_id},
             retcol="user_id",
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         if not include_private:
             keyvalues["is_public"] = True
 
-        return self.simple_select_list(
+        return self.db.simple_select_list(
             table="group_rooms",
             keyvalues=keyvalues,
             retcols=("room_id", "is_public"),
@@ -153,10 +153,12 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
             return rooms, categories
 
-        return self.runInteraction("get_rooms_for_summary", _get_rooms_for_summary_txn)
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
+            "get_rooms_for_summary", _get_rooms_for_summary_txn
+        )
 
     def add_room_to_summary(self, group_id, room_id, category_id, order, is_public):
-        return self.runInteraction(
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
             "add_room_to_summary",
             self._add_room_to_summary_txn,
             group_id,
@@ -180,7 +182,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 an order of 1 will put the room first. Otherwise, the room gets
                 added to the end.
         """
-        room_in_group = self.simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
+        room_in_group = self.db.simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
             txn,
             table="group_rooms",
             keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "room_id": room_id},
@@ -193,7 +195,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         if category_id is None:
             category_id = _DEFAULT_CATEGORY_ID
         else:
-            cat_exists = self.simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
+            cat_exists = self.db.simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="group_room_categories",
                 keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "category_id": category_id},
@@ -204,7 +206,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 raise SynapseError(400, "Category doesn't exist")
 
             # TODO: Check category is part of summary already
-            cat_exists = self.simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
+            cat_exists = self.db.simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="group_summary_room_categories",
                 keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "category_id": category_id},
@@ -224,7 +226,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                     (group_id, category_id, group_id, category_id),
                 )
 
-        existing = self.simple_select_one_txn(
+        existing = self.db.simple_select_one_txn(
             txn,
             table="group_summary_rooms",
             keyvalues={
@@ -257,7 +259,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 to_update["room_order"] = order
             if is_public is not None:
                 to_update["is_public"] = is_public
-            self.simple_update_txn(
+            self.db.simple_update_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="group_summary_rooms",
                 keyvalues={
@@ -271,7 +273,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             if is_public is None:
                 is_public = True
 
-            self.simple_insert_txn(
+            self.db.simple_insert_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="group_summary_rooms",
                 values={
@@ -287,7 +289,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         if category_id is None:
             category_id = _DEFAULT_CATEGORY_ID
 
-        return self.simple_delete(
+        return self.db.simple_delete(
             table="group_summary_rooms",
             keyvalues={
                 "group_id": group_id,
@@ -299,7 +301,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_group_categories(self, group_id):
-        rows = yield self.simple_select_list(
+        rows = yield self.db.simple_select_list(
             table="group_room_categories",
             keyvalues={"group_id": group_id},
             retcols=("category_id", "is_public", "profile"),
@@ -316,7 +318,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_group_category(self, group_id, category_id):
-        category = yield self.simple_select_one(
+        category = yield self.db.simple_select_one(
             table="group_room_categories",
             keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "category_id": category_id},
             retcols=("is_public", "profile"),
@@ -343,7 +345,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         else:
             update_values["is_public"] = is_public
 
-        return self.simple_upsert(
+        return self.db.simple_upsert(
             table="group_room_categories",
             keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "category_id": category_id},
             values=update_values,
@@ -352,7 +354,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         )
 
     def remove_group_category(self, group_id, category_id):
-        return self.simple_delete(
+        return self.db.simple_delete(
             table="group_room_categories",
             keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "category_id": category_id},
             desc="remove_group_category",
@@ -360,7 +362,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_group_roles(self, group_id):
-        rows = yield self.simple_select_list(
+        rows = yield self.db.simple_select_list(
             table="group_roles",
             keyvalues={"group_id": group_id},
             retcols=("role_id", "is_public", "profile"),
@@ -377,7 +379,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_group_role(self, group_id, role_id):
-        role = yield self.simple_select_one(
+        role = yield self.db.simple_select_one(
             table="group_roles",
             keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "role_id": role_id},
             retcols=("is_public", "profile"),
@@ -404,7 +406,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         else:
             update_values["is_public"] = is_public
 
-        return self.simple_upsert(
+        return self.db.simple_upsert(
             table="group_roles",
             keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "role_id": role_id},
             values=update_values,
@@ -413,14 +415,14 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         )
 
     def remove_group_role(self, group_id, role_id):
-        return self.simple_delete(
+        return self.db.simple_delete(
             table="group_roles",
             keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "role_id": role_id},
             desc="remove_group_role",
         )
 
     def add_user_to_summary(self, group_id, user_id, role_id, order, is_public):
-        return self.runInteraction(
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
             "add_user_to_summary",
             self._add_user_to_summary_txn,
             group_id,
@@ -444,7 +446,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 an order of 1 will put the user first. Otherwise, the user gets
                 added to the end.
         """
-        user_in_group = self.simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
+        user_in_group = self.db.simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
             txn,
             table="group_users",
             keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
@@ -457,7 +459,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         if role_id is None:
             role_id = _DEFAULT_ROLE_ID
         else:
-            role_exists = self.simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
+            role_exists = self.db.simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="group_roles",
                 keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "role_id": role_id},
@@ -468,7 +470,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 raise SynapseError(400, "Role doesn't exist")
 
             # TODO: Check role is part of the summary already
-            role_exists = self.simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
+            role_exists = self.db.simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="group_summary_roles",
                 keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "role_id": role_id},
@@ -488,7 +490,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                     (group_id, role_id, group_id, role_id),
                 )
 
-        existing = self.simple_select_one_txn(
+        existing = self.db.simple_select_one_txn(
             txn,
             table="group_summary_users",
             keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id, "role_id": role_id},
@@ -517,7 +519,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 to_update["user_order"] = order
             if is_public is not None:
                 to_update["is_public"] = is_public
-            self.simple_update_txn(
+            self.db.simple_update_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="group_summary_users",
                 keyvalues={
@@ -531,7 +533,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             if is_public is None:
                 is_public = True
 
-            self.simple_insert_txn(
+            self.db.simple_insert_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="group_summary_users",
                 values={
@@ -547,7 +549,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         if role_id is None:
             role_id = _DEFAULT_ROLE_ID
 
-        return self.simple_delete(
+        return self.db.simple_delete(
             table="group_summary_users",
             keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "role_id": role_id, "user_id": user_id},
             desc="remove_user_from_summary",
@@ -561,7 +563,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             Deferred[list[str]]: A twisted.Deferred containing a list of group ids
                 containing this room
         """
-        return self.simple_select_onecol(
+        return self.db.simple_select_onecol(
             table="group_rooms",
             keyvalues={"room_id": room_id},
             retcol="group_id",
@@ -625,12 +627,12 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
             return users, roles
 
-        return self.runInteraction(
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
             "get_users_for_summary_by_role", _get_users_for_summary_txn
         )
 
     def is_user_in_group(self, user_id, group_id):
-        return self.simple_select_one_onecol(
+        return self.db.simple_select_one_onecol(
             table="group_users",
             keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
             retcol="user_id",
@@ -639,7 +641,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         ).addCallback(lambda r: bool(r))
 
     def is_user_admin_in_group(self, group_id, user_id):
-        return self.simple_select_one_onecol(
+        return self.db.simple_select_one_onecol(
             table="group_users",
             keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
             retcol="is_admin",
@@ -650,7 +652,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
     def add_group_invite(self, group_id, user_id):
         """Record that the group server has invited a user
         """
-        return self.simple_insert(
+        return self.db.simple_insert(
             table="group_invites",
             values={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
             desc="add_group_invite",
@@ -659,7 +661,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
     def is_user_invited_to_local_group(self, group_id, user_id):
         """Has the group server invited a user?
         """
-        return self.simple_select_one_onecol(
+        return self.db.simple_select_one_onecol(
             table="group_invites",
             keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
             retcol="user_id",
@@ -682,7 +684,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         """
 
         def _get_users_membership_in_group_txn(txn):
-            row = self.simple_select_one_txn(
+            row = self.db.simple_select_one_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="group_users",
                 keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
@@ -697,7 +699,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                     "is_privileged": row["is_admin"],
                 }
 
-            row = self.simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
+            row = self.db.simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="group_invites",
                 keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
@@ -710,7 +712,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
             return {}
 
-        return self.runInteraction(
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
             "get_users_membership_info_in_group", _get_users_membership_in_group_txn
         )
 
@@ -738,7 +740,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         """
 
         def _add_user_to_group_txn(txn):
-            self.simple_insert_txn(
+            self.db.simple_insert_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="group_users",
                 values={
@@ -749,14 +751,14 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 },
             )
 
-            self.simple_delete_txn(
+            self.db.simple_delete_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="group_invites",
                 keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
             )
 
             if local_attestation:
-                self.simple_insert_txn(
+                self.db.simple_insert_txn(
                     txn,
                     table="group_attestations_renewals",
                     values={
@@ -766,7 +768,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                     },
                 )
             if remote_attestation:
-                self.simple_insert_txn(
+                self.db.simple_insert_txn(
                     txn,
                     table="group_attestations_remote",
                     values={
@@ -777,49 +779,49 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                     },
                 )
 
-        return self.runInteraction("add_user_to_group", _add_user_to_group_txn)
+        return self.db.runInteraction("add_user_to_group", _add_user_to_group_txn)
 
     def remove_user_from_group(self, group_id, user_id):
         def _remove_user_from_group_txn(txn):
-            self.simple_delete_txn(
+            self.db.simple_delete_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="group_users",
                 keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
             )
-            self.simple_delete_txn(
+            self.db.simple_delete_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="group_invites",
                 keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
             )
-            self.simple_delete_txn(
+            self.db.simple_delete_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="group_attestations_renewals",
                 keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
             )
-            self.simple_delete_txn(
+            self.db.simple_delete_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="group_attestations_remote",
                 keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
             )
-            self.simple_delete_txn(
+            self.db.simple_delete_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="group_summary_users",
                 keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
             )
 
-        return self.runInteraction(
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
             "remove_user_from_group", _remove_user_from_group_txn
         )
 
     def add_room_to_group(self, group_id, room_id, is_public):
-        return self.simple_insert(
+        return self.db.simple_insert(
             table="group_rooms",
             values={"group_id": group_id, "room_id": room_id, "is_public": is_public},
             desc="add_room_to_group",
         )
 
     def update_room_in_group_visibility(self, group_id, room_id, is_public):
-        return self.simple_update(
+        return self.db.simple_update(
             table="group_rooms",
             keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "room_id": room_id},
             updatevalues={"is_public": is_public},
@@ -828,26 +830,26 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
     def remove_room_from_group(self, group_id, room_id):
         def _remove_room_from_group_txn(txn):
-            self.simple_delete_txn(
+            self.db.simple_delete_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="group_rooms",
                 keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "room_id": room_id},
             )
 
-            self.simple_delete_txn(
+            self.db.simple_delete_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="group_summary_rooms",
                 keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "room_id": room_id},
             )
 
-        return self.runInteraction(
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
             "remove_room_from_group", _remove_room_from_group_txn
         )
 
     def get_publicised_groups_for_user(self, user_id):
         """Get all groups a user is publicising
         """
-        return self.simple_select_onecol(
+        return self.db.simple_select_onecol(
             table="local_group_membership",
             keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "membership": "join", "is_publicised": True},
             retcol="group_id",
@@ -857,7 +859,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
     def update_group_publicity(self, group_id, user_id, publicise):
         """Update whether the user is publicising their membership of the group
         """
-        return self.simple_update_one(
+        return self.db.simple_update_one(
             table="local_group_membership",
             keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
             updatevalues={"is_publicised": publicise},
@@ -893,12 +895,12 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
         def _register_user_group_membership_txn(txn, next_id):
             # TODO: Upsert?
-            self.simple_delete_txn(
+            self.db.simple_delete_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="local_group_membership",
                 keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
             )
-            self.simple_insert_txn(
+            self.db.simple_insert_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="local_group_membership",
                 values={
@@ -911,7 +913,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 },
             )
 
-            self.simple_insert_txn(
+            self.db.simple_insert_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="local_group_updates",
                 values={
@@ -930,7 +932,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
             if membership == "join":
                 if local_attestation:
-                    self.simple_insert_txn(
+                    self.db.simple_insert_txn(
                         txn,
                         table="group_attestations_renewals",
                         values={
@@ -940,7 +942,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                         },
                     )
                 if remote_attestation:
-                    self.simple_insert_txn(
+                    self.db.simple_insert_txn(
                         txn,
                         table="group_attestations_remote",
                         values={
@@ -951,12 +953,12 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                         },
                     )
             else:
-                self.simple_delete_txn(
+                self.db.simple_delete_txn(
                     txn,
                     table="group_attestations_renewals",
                     keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
                 )
-                self.simple_delete_txn(
+                self.db.simple_delete_txn(
                     txn,
                     table="group_attestations_remote",
                     keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
@@ -965,7 +967,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             return next_id
 
         with self._group_updates_id_gen.get_next() as next_id:
-            res = yield self.runInteraction(
+            res = yield self.db.runInteraction(
                 "register_user_group_membership",
                 _register_user_group_membership_txn,
                 next_id,
@@ -976,7 +978,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
     def create_group(
         self, group_id, user_id, name, avatar_url, short_description, long_description
     ):
-        yield self.simple_insert(
+        yield self.db.simple_insert(
             table="groups",
             values={
                 "group_id": group_id,
@@ -991,7 +993,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def update_group_profile(self, group_id, profile):
-        yield self.simple_update_one(
+        yield self.db.simple_update_one(
             table="groups",
             keyvalues={"group_id": group_id},
             updatevalues=profile,
@@ -1008,16 +1010,16 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 WHERE valid_until_ms <= ?
             """
             txn.execute(sql, (valid_until_ms,))
-            return self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
+            return self.db.cursor_to_dict(txn)
 
-        return self.runInteraction(
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
             "get_attestations_need_renewals", _get_attestations_need_renewals_txn
         )
 
     def update_attestation_renewal(self, group_id, user_id, attestation):
         """Update an attestation that we have renewed
         """
-        return self.simple_update_one(
+        return self.db.simple_update_one(
             table="group_attestations_renewals",
             keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
             updatevalues={"valid_until_ms": attestation["valid_until_ms"]},
@@ -1027,7 +1029,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
     def update_remote_attestion(self, group_id, user_id, attestation):
         """Update an attestation that a remote has renewed
         """
-        return self.simple_update_one(
+        return self.db.simple_update_one(
             table="group_attestations_remote",
             keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
             updatevalues={
@@ -1046,7 +1048,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             group_id (str)
             user_id (str)
         """
-        return self.simple_delete(
+        return self.db.simple_delete(
             table="group_attestations_renewals",
             keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
             desc="remove_attestation_renewal",
@@ -1057,7 +1059,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         """Get the attestation that proves the remote agrees that the user is
         in the group.
         """
-        row = yield self.simple_select_one(
+        row = yield self.db.simple_select_one(
             table="group_attestations_remote",
             keyvalues={"group_id": group_id, "user_id": user_id},
             retcols=("valid_until_ms", "attestation_json"),
@@ -1072,7 +1074,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         return None
 
     def get_joined_groups(self, user_id):
-        return self.simple_select_onecol(
+        return self.db.simple_select_onecol(
             table="local_group_membership",
             keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "membership": "join"},
             retcol="group_id",
@@ -1099,7 +1101,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 for row in txn
             ]
 
-        return self.runInteraction(
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
             "get_all_groups_for_user", _get_all_groups_for_user_txn
         )
 
@@ -1129,7 +1131,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 for group_id, membership, gtype, content_json in txn
             ]
 
-        return self.runInteraction(
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
             "get_groups_changes_for_user", _get_groups_changes_for_user_txn
         )
 
@@ -1154,7 +1156,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 for stream_id, group_id, user_id, gtype, content_json in txn
             ]
 
-        return self.runInteraction(
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
             "get_all_groups_changes", _get_all_groups_changes_txn
         )
 
@@ -1188,8 +1190,8 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             ]
 
             for table in tables:
-                self.simple_delete_txn(
+                self.db.simple_delete_txn(
                     txn, table=table, keyvalues={"group_id": group_id}
                 )
 
-        return self.runInteraction("delete_group", _delete_group_txn)
+        return self.db.runInteraction("delete_group", _delete_group_txn)
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/keys.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/keys.py
index c7150432b3..6b12f5a75f 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/keys.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/keys.py
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ class KeyStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 _get_keys(txn, batch)
             return keys
 
-        return self.runInteraction("get_server_verify_keys", _txn)
+        return self.db.runInteraction("get_server_verify_keys", _txn)
 
     def store_server_verify_keys(self, from_server, ts_added_ms, verify_keys):
         """Stores NACL verification keys for remote servers.
@@ -127,9 +127,9 @@ class KeyStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 f((i,))
             return res
 
-        return self.runInteraction(
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
             "store_server_verify_keys",
-            self.simple_upsert_many_txn,
+            self.db.simple_upsert_many_txn,
             table="server_signature_keys",
             key_names=("server_name", "key_id"),
             key_values=key_values,
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ class KeyStore(SQLBaseStore):
             ts_valid_until_ms (int): The time when this json stops being valid.
             key_json (bytes): The encoded JSON.
         """
-        return self.simple_upsert(
+        return self.db.simple_upsert(
             table="server_keys_json",
             keyvalues={
                 "server_name": server_name,
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ class KeyStore(SQLBaseStore):
                     keyvalues["key_id"] = key_id
                 if from_server is not None:
                     keyvalues["from_server"] = from_server
-                rows = self.simple_select_list_txn(
+                rows = self.db.simple_select_list_txn(
                     txn,
                     "server_keys_json",
                     keyvalues=keyvalues,
@@ -211,4 +211,4 @@ class KeyStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 results[(server_name, key_id, from_server)] = rows
             return results
 
-        return self.runInteraction("get_server_keys_json", _get_server_keys_json_txn)
+        return self.db.runInteraction("get_server_keys_json", _get_server_keys_json_txn)
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/media_repository.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/media_repository.py
index 0cb9446f96..ea02497784 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/media_repository.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/media_repository.py
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ class MediaRepositoryStore(MediaRepositoryBackgroundUpdateStore):
         Returns:
             None if the media_id doesn't exist.
         """
-        return self.simple_select_one(
+        return self.db.simple_select_one(
             "local_media_repository",
             {"media_id": media_id},
             (
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ class MediaRepositoryStore(MediaRepositoryBackgroundUpdateStore):
         user_id,
         url_cache=None,
     ):
-        return self.simple_insert(
+        return self.db.simple_insert(
             "local_media_repository",
             {
                 "media_id": media_id,
@@ -124,12 +124,12 @@ class MediaRepositoryStore(MediaRepositoryBackgroundUpdateStore):
                 )
             )
 
-        return self.runInteraction("get_url_cache", get_url_cache_txn)
+        return self.db.runInteraction("get_url_cache", get_url_cache_txn)
 
     def store_url_cache(
         self, url, response_code, etag, expires_ts, og, media_id, download_ts
     ):
-        return self.simple_insert(
+        return self.db.simple_insert(
             "local_media_repository_url_cache",
             {
                 "url": url,
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ class MediaRepositoryStore(MediaRepositoryBackgroundUpdateStore):
         )
 
     def get_local_media_thumbnails(self, media_id):
-        return self.simple_select_list(
+        return self.db.simple_select_list(
             "local_media_repository_thumbnails",
             {"media_id": media_id},
             (
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ class MediaRepositoryStore(MediaRepositoryBackgroundUpdateStore):
         thumbnail_method,
         thumbnail_length,
     ):
-        return self.simple_insert(
+        return self.db.simple_insert(
             "local_media_repository_thumbnails",
             {
                 "media_id": media_id,
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ class MediaRepositoryStore(MediaRepositoryBackgroundUpdateStore):
         )
 
     def get_cached_remote_media(self, origin, media_id):
-        return self.simple_select_one(
+        return self.db.simple_select_one(
             "remote_media_cache",
             {"media_origin": origin, "media_id": media_id},
             (
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ class MediaRepositoryStore(MediaRepositoryBackgroundUpdateStore):
         upload_name,
         filesystem_id,
     ):
-        return self.simple_insert(
+        return self.db.simple_insert(
             "remote_media_cache",
             {
                 "media_origin": origin,
@@ -250,10 +250,12 @@ class MediaRepositoryStore(MediaRepositoryBackgroundUpdateStore):
 
             txn.executemany(sql, ((time_ms, media_id) for media_id in local_media))
 
-        return self.runInteraction("update_cached_last_access_time", update_cache_txn)
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
+            "update_cached_last_access_time", update_cache_txn
+        )
 
     def get_remote_media_thumbnails(self, origin, media_id):
-        return self.simple_select_list(
+        return self.db.simple_select_list(
             "remote_media_cache_thumbnails",
             {"media_origin": origin, "media_id": media_id},
             (
@@ -278,7 +280,7 @@ class MediaRepositoryStore(MediaRepositoryBackgroundUpdateStore):
         thumbnail_method,
         thumbnail_length,
     ):
-        return self.simple_insert(
+        return self.db.simple_insert(
             "remote_media_cache_thumbnails",
             {
                 "media_origin": origin,
@@ -300,24 +302,24 @@ class MediaRepositoryStore(MediaRepositoryBackgroundUpdateStore):
             " WHERE last_access_ts < ?"
         )
 
-        return self.execute(
-            "get_remote_media_before", self.cursor_to_dict, sql, before_ts
+        return self.db.execute(
+            "get_remote_media_before", self.db.cursor_to_dict, sql, before_ts
         )
 
     def delete_remote_media(self, media_origin, media_id):
         def delete_remote_media_txn(txn):
-            self.simple_delete_txn(
+            self.db.simple_delete_txn(
                 txn,
                 "remote_media_cache",
                 keyvalues={"media_origin": media_origin, "media_id": media_id},
             )
-            self.simple_delete_txn(
+            self.db.simple_delete_txn(
                 txn,
                 "remote_media_cache_thumbnails",
                 keyvalues={"media_origin": media_origin, "media_id": media_id},
             )
 
-        return self.runInteraction("delete_remote_media", delete_remote_media_txn)
+        return self.db.runInteraction("delete_remote_media", delete_remote_media_txn)
 
     def get_expired_url_cache(self, now_ts):
         sql = (
@@ -331,7 +333,9 @@ class MediaRepositoryStore(MediaRepositoryBackgroundUpdateStore):
             txn.execute(sql, (now_ts,))
             return [row[0] for row in txn]
 
-        return self.runInteraction("get_expired_url_cache", _get_expired_url_cache_txn)
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
+            "get_expired_url_cache", _get_expired_url_cache_txn
+        )
 
     def delete_url_cache(self, media_ids):
         if len(media_ids) == 0:
@@ -342,7 +346,7 @@ class MediaRepositoryStore(MediaRepositoryBackgroundUpdateStore):
         def _delete_url_cache_txn(txn):
             txn.executemany(sql, [(media_id,) for media_id in media_ids])
 
-        return self.runInteraction("delete_url_cache", _delete_url_cache_txn)
+        return self.db.runInteraction("delete_url_cache", _delete_url_cache_txn)
 
     def get_url_cache_media_before(self, before_ts):
         sql = (
@@ -356,7 +360,7 @@ class MediaRepositoryStore(MediaRepositoryBackgroundUpdateStore):
             txn.execute(sql, (before_ts,))
             return [row[0] for row in txn]
 
-        return self.runInteraction(
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
             "get_url_cache_media_before", _get_url_cache_media_before_txn
         )
 
@@ -373,6 +377,6 @@ class MediaRepositoryStore(MediaRepositoryBackgroundUpdateStore):
 
             txn.executemany(sql, [(media_id,) for media_id in media_ids])
 
-        return self.runInteraction(
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
             "delete_url_cache_media", _delete_url_cache_media_txn
         )
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/monthly_active_users.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/monthly_active_users.py
index b8fc28f97b..34bf3a1880 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/monthly_active_users.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/monthly_active_users.py
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ class MonthlyActiveUsersStore(SQLBaseStore):
         self._clock = hs.get_clock()
         self.hs = hs
         # Do not add more reserved users than the total allowable number
-        self.new_transaction(
+        self.db.new_transaction(
             dbconn,
             "initialise_mau_threepids",
             [],
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ class MonthlyActiveUsersStore(SQLBaseStore):
                     txn.execute(sql, query_args)
 
         reserved_users = yield self.get_registered_reserved_users()
-        yield self.runInteraction(
+        yield self.db.runInteraction(
             "reap_monthly_active_users", _reap_users, reserved_users
         )
         # It seems poor to invalidate the whole cache, Postgres supports
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ class MonthlyActiveUsersStore(SQLBaseStore):
             (count,) = txn.fetchone()
             return count
 
-        return self.runInteraction("count_users", _count_users)
+        return self.db.runInteraction("count_users", _count_users)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_registered_reserved_users(self):
@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ class MonthlyActiveUsersStore(SQLBaseStore):
         if is_support:
             return
 
-        yield self.runInteraction(
+        yield self.db.runInteraction(
             "upsert_monthly_active_user", self.upsert_monthly_active_user_txn, user_id
         )
 
@@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ class MonthlyActiveUsersStore(SQLBaseStore):
         # never be a big table and alternative approaches (batching multiple
         # upserts into a single txn) introduced a lot of extra complexity.
         # See https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/3854 for more
-        is_insert = self.simple_upsert_txn(
+        is_insert = self.db.simple_upsert_txn(
             txn,
             table="monthly_active_users",
             keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
@@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ class MonthlyActiveUsersStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
         """
 
-        return self.simple_select_one_onecol(
+        return self.db.simple_select_one_onecol(
             table="monthly_active_users",
             keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
             retcol="timestamp",
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/openid.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/openid.py
index 650e49750e..cc21437e92 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/openid.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/openid.py
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ from synapse.storage._base import SQLBaseStore
 
 class OpenIdStore(SQLBaseStore):
     def insert_open_id_token(self, token, ts_valid_until_ms, user_id):
-        return self.simple_insert(
+        return self.db.simple_insert(
             table="open_id_tokens",
             values={
                 "token": token,
@@ -28,4 +28,6 @@ class OpenIdStore(SQLBaseStore):
             else:
                 return rows[0][0]
 
-        return self.runInteraction("get_user_id_for_token", get_user_id_for_token_txn)
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
+            "get_user_id_for_token", get_user_id_for_token_txn
+        )
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/presence.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/presence.py
index a5e121efd1..a2c83e0867 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/presence.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/presence.py
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ class PresenceStore(SQLBaseStore):
         )
 
         with stream_ordering_manager as stream_orderings:
-            yield self.runInteraction(
+            yield self.db.runInteraction(
                 "update_presence",
                 self._update_presence_txn,
                 stream_orderings,
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ class PresenceStore(SQLBaseStore):
             txn.call_after(self._get_presence_for_user.invalidate, (state.user_id,))
 
         # Actually insert new rows
-        self.simple_insert_many_txn(
+        self.db.simple_insert_many_txn(
             txn,
             table="presence_stream",
             values=[
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ class PresenceStore(SQLBaseStore):
             txn.execute(sql, (last_id, current_id))
             return txn.fetchall()
 
-        return self.runInteraction(
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
             "get_all_presence_updates", get_all_presence_updates_txn
         )
 
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ class PresenceStore(SQLBaseStore):
         inlineCallbacks=True,
     )
     def get_presence_for_users(self, user_ids):
-        rows = yield self.simple_select_many_batch(
+        rows = yield self.db.simple_select_many_batch(
             table="presence_stream",
             column="user_id",
             iterable=user_ids,
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ class PresenceStore(SQLBaseStore):
         return self._presence_id_gen.get_current_token()
 
     def allow_presence_visible(self, observed_localpart, observer_userid):
-        return self.simple_insert(
+        return self.db.simple_insert(
             table="presence_allow_inbound",
             values={
                 "observed_user_id": observed_localpart,
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ class PresenceStore(SQLBaseStore):
         )
 
     def disallow_presence_visible(self, observed_localpart, observer_userid):
-        return self.simple_delete_one(
+        return self.db.simple_delete_one(
             table="presence_allow_inbound",
             keyvalues={
                 "observed_user_id": observed_localpart,
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/profile.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/profile.py
index c8b5b60301..2b52cf9c1a 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/profile.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/profile.py
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ class ProfileWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_profileinfo(self, user_localpart):
         try:
-            profile = yield self.simple_select_one(
+            profile = yield self.db.simple_select_one(
                 table="profiles",
                 keyvalues={"user_id": user_localpart},
                 retcols=("displayname", "avatar_url"),
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ class ProfileWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         )
 
     def get_profile_displayname(self, user_localpart):
-        return self.simple_select_one_onecol(
+        return self.db.simple_select_one_onecol(
             table="profiles",
             keyvalues={"user_id": user_localpart},
             retcol="displayname",
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ class ProfileWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         )
 
     def get_profile_avatar_url(self, user_localpart):
-        return self.simple_select_one_onecol(
+        return self.db.simple_select_one_onecol(
             table="profiles",
             keyvalues={"user_id": user_localpart},
             retcol="avatar_url",
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ class ProfileWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         )
 
     def get_from_remote_profile_cache(self, user_id):
-        return self.simple_select_one(
+        return self.db.simple_select_one(
             table="remote_profile_cache",
             keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
             retcols=("displayname", "avatar_url"),
@@ -67,12 +67,12 @@ class ProfileWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         )
 
     def create_profile(self, user_localpart):
-        return self.simple_insert(
+        return self.db.simple_insert(
             table="profiles", values={"user_id": user_localpart}, desc="create_profile"
         )
 
     def set_profile_displayname(self, user_localpart, new_displayname):
-        return self.simple_update_one(
+        return self.db.simple_update_one(
             table="profiles",
             keyvalues={"user_id": user_localpart},
             updatevalues={"displayname": new_displayname},
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ class ProfileWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         )
 
     def set_profile_avatar_url(self, user_localpart, new_avatar_url):
-        return self.simple_update_one(
+        return self.db.simple_update_one(
             table="profiles",
             keyvalues={"user_id": user_localpart},
             updatevalues={"avatar_url": new_avatar_url},
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ class ProfileStore(ProfileWorkerStore):
         This should only be called when `is_subscribed_remote_profile_for_user`
         would return true for the user.
         """
-        return self.simple_upsert(
+        return self.db.simple_upsert(
             table="remote_profile_cache",
             keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
             values={
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ class ProfileStore(ProfileWorkerStore):
         )
 
     def update_remote_profile_cache(self, user_id, displayname, avatar_url):
-        return self.simple_update(
+        return self.db.simple_update(
             table="remote_profile_cache",
             keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
             values={
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ class ProfileStore(ProfileWorkerStore):
         """
         subscribed = yield self.is_subscribed_remote_profile_for_user(user_id)
         if not subscribed:
-            yield self.simple_delete(
+            yield self.db.simple_delete(
                 table="remote_profile_cache",
                 keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
                 desc="delete_remote_profile_cache",
@@ -144,9 +144,9 @@ class ProfileStore(ProfileWorkerStore):
 
             txn.execute(sql, (last_checked,))
 
-            return self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
+            return self.db.cursor_to_dict(txn)
 
-        return self.runInteraction(
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
             "get_remote_profile_cache_entries_that_expire",
             _get_remote_profile_cache_entries_that_expire_txn,
         )
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ class ProfileStore(ProfileWorkerStore):
     def is_subscribed_remote_profile_for_user(self, user_id):
         """Check whether we are interested in a remote user's profile.
         """
-        res = yield self.simple_select_one_onecol(
+        res = yield self.db.simple_select_one_onecol(
             table="group_users",
             keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
             retcol="user_id",
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ class ProfileStore(ProfileWorkerStore):
         if res:
             return True
 
-        res = yield self.simple_select_one_onecol(
+        res = yield self.db.simple_select_one_onecol(
             table="group_invites",
             keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
             retcol="user_id",
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/push_rule.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/push_rule.py
index 75bd499bcd..de682cc63a 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/push_rule.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/push_rule.py
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ class PushRulesWorkerStore(
     def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
         super(PushRulesWorkerStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
 
-        push_rules_prefill, push_rules_id = self.get_cache_dict(
+        push_rules_prefill, push_rules_id = self.db.get_cache_dict(
             db_conn,
             "push_rules_stream",
             entity_column="user_id",
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ class PushRulesWorkerStore(
 
     @cachedInlineCallbacks(max_entries=5000)
     def get_push_rules_for_user(self, user_id):
-        rows = yield self.simple_select_list(
+        rows = yield self.db.simple_select_list(
             table="push_rules",
             keyvalues={"user_name": user_id},
             retcols=(
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ class PushRulesWorkerStore(
 
     @cachedInlineCallbacks(max_entries=5000)
     def get_push_rules_enabled_for_user(self, user_id):
-        results = yield self.simple_select_list(
+        results = yield self.db.simple_select_list(
             table="push_rules_enable",
             keyvalues={"user_name": user_id},
             retcols=("user_name", "rule_id", "enabled"),
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ class PushRulesWorkerStore(
                 (count,) = txn.fetchone()
                 return bool(count)
 
-            return self.runInteraction(
+            return self.db.runInteraction(
                 "have_push_rules_changed", have_push_rules_changed_txn
             )
 
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ class PushRulesWorkerStore(
 
         results = {user_id: [] for user_id in user_ids}
 
-        rows = yield self.simple_select_many_batch(
+        rows = yield self.db.simple_select_many_batch(
             table="push_rules",
             column="user_name",
             iterable=user_ids,
@@ -320,7 +320,7 @@ class PushRulesWorkerStore(
 
         results = {user_id: {} for user_id in user_ids}
 
-        rows = yield self.simple_select_many_batch(
+        rows = yield self.db.simple_select_many_batch(
             table="push_rules_enable",
             column="user_name",
             iterable=user_ids,
@@ -350,7 +350,7 @@ class PushRuleStore(PushRulesWorkerStore):
         with self._push_rules_stream_id_gen.get_next() as ids:
             stream_id, event_stream_ordering = ids
             if before or after:
-                yield self.runInteraction(
+                yield self.db.runInteraction(
                     "_add_push_rule_relative_txn",
                     self._add_push_rule_relative_txn,
                     stream_id,
@@ -364,7 +364,7 @@ class PushRuleStore(PushRulesWorkerStore):
                     after,
                 )
             else:
-                yield self.runInteraction(
+                yield self.db.runInteraction(
                     "_add_push_rule_highest_priority_txn",
                     self._add_push_rule_highest_priority_txn,
                     stream_id,
@@ -395,7 +395,7 @@ class PushRuleStore(PushRulesWorkerStore):
 
         relative_to_rule = before or after
 
-        res = self.simple_select_one_txn(
+        res = self.db.simple_select_one_txn(
             txn,
             table="push_rules",
             keyvalues={"user_name": user_id, "rule_id": relative_to_rule},
@@ -518,7 +518,7 @@ class PushRuleStore(PushRulesWorkerStore):
             # We didn't update a row with the given rule_id so insert one
             push_rule_id = self._push_rule_id_gen.get_next()
 
-            self.simple_insert_txn(
+            self.db.simple_insert_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="push_rules",
                 values={
@@ -561,7 +561,7 @@ class PushRuleStore(PushRulesWorkerStore):
         """
 
         def delete_push_rule_txn(txn, stream_id, event_stream_ordering):
-            self.simple_delete_one_txn(
+            self.db.simple_delete_one_txn(
                 txn, "push_rules", {"user_name": user_id, "rule_id": rule_id}
             )
 
@@ -571,7 +571,7 @@ class PushRuleStore(PushRulesWorkerStore):
 
         with self._push_rules_stream_id_gen.get_next() as ids:
             stream_id, event_stream_ordering = ids
-            yield self.runInteraction(
+            yield self.db.runInteraction(
                 "delete_push_rule",
                 delete_push_rule_txn,
                 stream_id,
@@ -582,7 +582,7 @@ class PushRuleStore(PushRulesWorkerStore):
     def set_push_rule_enabled(self, user_id, rule_id, enabled):
         with self._push_rules_stream_id_gen.get_next() as ids:
             stream_id, event_stream_ordering = ids
-            yield self.runInteraction(
+            yield self.db.runInteraction(
                 "_set_push_rule_enabled_txn",
                 self._set_push_rule_enabled_txn,
                 stream_id,
@@ -596,7 +596,7 @@ class PushRuleStore(PushRulesWorkerStore):
         self, txn, stream_id, event_stream_ordering, user_id, rule_id, enabled
     ):
         new_id = self._push_rules_enable_id_gen.get_next()
-        self.simple_upsert_txn(
+        self.db.simple_upsert_txn(
             txn,
             "push_rules_enable",
             {"user_name": user_id, "rule_id": rule_id},
@@ -636,7 +636,7 @@ class PushRuleStore(PushRulesWorkerStore):
                     update_stream=False,
                 )
             else:
-                self.simple_update_one_txn(
+                self.db.simple_update_one_txn(
                     txn,
                     "push_rules",
                     {"user_name": user_id, "rule_id": rule_id},
@@ -655,7 +655,7 @@ class PushRuleStore(PushRulesWorkerStore):
 
         with self._push_rules_stream_id_gen.get_next() as ids:
             stream_id, event_stream_ordering = ids
-            yield self.runInteraction(
+            yield self.db.runInteraction(
                 "set_push_rule_actions",
                 set_push_rule_actions_txn,
                 stream_id,
@@ -675,7 +675,7 @@ class PushRuleStore(PushRulesWorkerStore):
         if data is not None:
             values.update(data)
 
-        self.simple_insert_txn(txn, "push_rules_stream", values=values)
+        self.db.simple_insert_txn(txn, "push_rules_stream", values=values)
 
         txn.call_after(self.get_push_rules_for_user.invalidate, (user_id,))
         txn.call_after(self.get_push_rules_enabled_for_user.invalidate, (user_id,))
@@ -699,7 +699,7 @@ class PushRuleStore(PushRulesWorkerStore):
             txn.execute(sql, (last_id, current_id, limit))
             return txn.fetchall()
 
-        return self.runInteraction(
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
             "get_all_push_rule_updates", get_all_push_rule_updates_txn
         )
 
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/pusher.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/pusher.py
index d5a169872b..f07309ef09 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/pusher.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/pusher.py
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ class PusherWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def user_has_pusher(self, user_id):
-        ret = yield self.simple_select_one_onecol(
+        ret = yield self.db.simple_select_one_onecol(
             "pushers", {"user_name": user_id}, "id", allow_none=True
         )
         return ret is not None
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ class PusherWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_pushers_by(self, keyvalues):
-        ret = yield self.simple_select_list(
+        ret = yield self.db.simple_select_list(
             "pushers",
             keyvalues,
             [
@@ -100,11 +100,11 @@ class PusherWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
     def get_all_pushers(self):
         def get_pushers(txn):
             txn.execute("SELECT * FROM pushers")
-            rows = self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
+            rows = self.db.cursor_to_dict(txn)
 
             return self._decode_pushers_rows(rows)
 
-        rows = yield self.runInteraction("get_all_pushers", get_pushers)
+        rows = yield self.db.runInteraction("get_all_pushers", get_pushers)
         return rows
 
     def get_all_updated_pushers(self, last_id, current_id, limit):
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ class PusherWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
             return updated, deleted
 
-        return self.runInteraction(
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
             "get_all_updated_pushers", get_all_updated_pushers_txn
         )
 
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ class PusherWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
             return results
 
-        return self.runInteraction(
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
             "get_all_updated_pushers_rows", get_all_updated_pushers_rows_txn
         )
 
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ class PusherWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         inlineCallbacks=True,
     )
     def get_if_users_have_pushers(self, user_ids):
-        rows = yield self.simple_select_many_batch(
+        rows = yield self.db.simple_select_many_batch(
             table="pushers",
             column="user_name",
             iterable=user_ids,
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ class PusherStore(PusherWorkerStore):
         with self._pushers_id_gen.get_next() as stream_id:
             # no need to lock because `pushers` has a unique key on
             # (app_id, pushkey, user_name) so simple_upsert will retry
-            yield self.simple_upsert(
+            yield self.db.simple_upsert(
                 table="pushers",
                 keyvalues={"app_id": app_id, "pushkey": pushkey, "user_name": user_id},
                 values={
@@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ class PusherStore(PusherWorkerStore):
 
             if user_has_pusher is not True:
                 # invalidate, since we the user might not have had a pusher before
-                yield self.runInteraction(
+                yield self.db.runInteraction(
                     "add_pusher",
                     self._invalidate_cache_and_stream,
                     self.get_if_user_has_pusher,
@@ -269,7 +269,7 @@ class PusherStore(PusherWorkerStore):
                 txn, self.get_if_user_has_pusher, (user_id,)
             )
 
-            self.simple_delete_one_txn(
+            self.db.simple_delete_one_txn(
                 txn,
                 "pushers",
                 {"app_id": app_id, "pushkey": pushkey, "user_name": user_id},
@@ -278,7 +278,7 @@ class PusherStore(PusherWorkerStore):
             # it's possible for us to end up with duplicate rows for
             # (app_id, pushkey, user_id) at different stream_ids, but that
             # doesn't really matter.
-            self.simple_insert_txn(
+            self.db.simple_insert_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="deleted_pushers",
                 values={
@@ -290,13 +290,13 @@ class PusherStore(PusherWorkerStore):
             )
 
         with self._pushers_id_gen.get_next() as stream_id:
-            yield self.runInteraction("delete_pusher", delete_pusher_txn, stream_id)
+            yield self.db.runInteraction("delete_pusher", delete_pusher_txn, stream_id)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def update_pusher_last_stream_ordering(
         self, app_id, pushkey, user_id, last_stream_ordering
     ):
-        yield self.simple_update_one(
+        yield self.db.simple_update_one(
             "pushers",
             {"app_id": app_id, "pushkey": pushkey, "user_name": user_id},
             {"last_stream_ordering": last_stream_ordering},
@@ -319,7 +319,7 @@ class PusherStore(PusherWorkerStore):
         Returns:
             Deferred[bool]: True if the pusher still exists; False if it has been deleted.
         """
-        updated = yield self.simple_update(
+        updated = yield self.db.simple_update(
             table="pushers",
             keyvalues={"app_id": app_id, "pushkey": pushkey, "user_name": user_id},
             updatevalues={
@@ -333,7 +333,7 @@ class PusherStore(PusherWorkerStore):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def update_pusher_failing_since(self, app_id, pushkey, user_id, failing_since):
-        yield self.simple_update(
+        yield self.db.simple_update(
             table="pushers",
             keyvalues={"app_id": app_id, "pushkey": pushkey, "user_name": user_id},
             updatevalues={"failing_since": failing_since},
@@ -342,7 +342,7 @@ class PusherStore(PusherWorkerStore):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_throttle_params_by_room(self, pusher_id):
-        res = yield self.simple_select_list(
+        res = yield self.db.simple_select_list(
             "pusher_throttle",
             {"pusher": pusher_id},
             ["room_id", "last_sent_ts", "throttle_ms"],
@@ -362,7 +362,7 @@ class PusherStore(PusherWorkerStore):
     def set_throttle_params(self, pusher_id, room_id, params):
         # no need to lock because `pusher_throttle` has a primary key on
         # (pusher, room_id) so simple_upsert will retry
-        yield self.simple_upsert(
+        yield self.db.simple_upsert(
             "pusher_throttle",
             {"pusher": pusher_id, "room_id": room_id},
             params,
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/receipts.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/receipts.py
index 380f388e30..ac2d45bd5c 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/receipts.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/receipts.py
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ class ReceiptsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
     @cached(num_args=2)
     def get_receipts_for_room(self, room_id, receipt_type):
-        return self.simple_select_list(
+        return self.db.simple_select_list(
             table="receipts_linearized",
             keyvalues={"room_id": room_id, "receipt_type": receipt_type},
             retcols=("user_id", "event_id"),
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ class ReceiptsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
     @cached(num_args=3)
     def get_last_receipt_event_id_for_user(self, user_id, room_id, receipt_type):
-        return self.simple_select_one_onecol(
+        return self.db.simple_select_one_onecol(
             table="receipts_linearized",
             keyvalues={
                 "room_id": room_id,
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ class ReceiptsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
     @cachedInlineCallbacks(num_args=2)
     def get_receipts_for_user(self, user_id, receipt_type):
-        rows = yield self.simple_select_list(
+        rows = yield self.db.simple_select_list(
             table="receipts_linearized",
             keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "receipt_type": receipt_type},
             retcols=("room_id", "event_id"),
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ class ReceiptsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             txn.execute(sql, (user_id,))
             return txn.fetchall()
 
-        rows = yield self.runInteraction("get_receipts_for_user_with_orderings", f)
+        rows = yield self.db.runInteraction("get_receipts_for_user_with_orderings", f)
         return {
             row[0]: {
                 "event_id": row[1],
@@ -187,11 +187,11 @@ class ReceiptsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
                 txn.execute(sql, (room_id, to_key))
 
-            rows = self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
+            rows = self.db.cursor_to_dict(txn)
 
             return rows
 
-        rows = yield self.runInteraction("get_linearized_receipts_for_room", f)
+        rows = yield self.db.runInteraction("get_linearized_receipts_for_room", f)
 
         if not rows:
             return []
@@ -237,9 +237,11 @@ class ReceiptsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
                 txn.execute(sql + clause, [to_key] + list(args))
 
-            return self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
+            return self.db.cursor_to_dict(txn)
 
-        txn_results = yield self.runInteraction("_get_linearized_receipts_for_rooms", f)
+        txn_results = yield self.db.runInteraction(
+            "_get_linearized_receipts_for_rooms", f
+        )
 
         results = {}
         for row in txn_results:
@@ -282,7 +284,7 @@ class ReceiptsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
             return list(r[0:5] + (json.loads(r[5]),) for r in txn)
 
-        return self.runInteraction(
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
             "get_all_updated_receipts", get_all_updated_receipts_txn
         )
 
@@ -335,7 +337,7 @@ class ReceiptsStore(ReceiptsWorkerStore):
             otherwise, the rx timestamp of the event that the RR corresponds to
                 (or 0 if the event is unknown)
         """
-        res = self.simple_select_one_txn(
+        res = self.db.simple_select_one_txn(
             txn,
             table="events",
             retcols=["stream_ordering", "received_ts"],
@@ -388,7 +390,7 @@ class ReceiptsStore(ReceiptsWorkerStore):
             (user_id, room_id, receipt_type),
         )
 
-        self.simple_delete_txn(
+        self.db.simple_delete_txn(
             txn,
             table="receipts_linearized",
             keyvalues={
@@ -398,7 +400,7 @@ class ReceiptsStore(ReceiptsWorkerStore):
             },
         )
 
-        self.simple_insert_txn(
+        self.db.simple_insert_txn(
             txn,
             table="receipts_linearized",
             values={
@@ -453,13 +455,13 @@ class ReceiptsStore(ReceiptsWorkerStore):
                 else:
                     raise RuntimeError("Unrecognized event_ids: %r" % (event_ids,))
 
-            linearized_event_id = yield self.runInteraction(
+            linearized_event_id = yield self.db.runInteraction(
                 "insert_receipt_conv", graph_to_linear
             )
 
         stream_id_manager = self._receipts_id_gen.get_next()
         with stream_id_manager as stream_id:
-            event_ts = yield self.runInteraction(
+            event_ts = yield self.db.runInteraction(
                 "insert_linearized_receipt",
                 self.insert_linearized_receipt_txn,
                 room_id,
@@ -488,7 +490,7 @@ class ReceiptsStore(ReceiptsWorkerStore):
         return stream_id, max_persisted_id
 
     def insert_graph_receipt(self, room_id, receipt_type, user_id, event_ids, data):
-        return self.runInteraction(
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
             "insert_graph_receipt",
             self.insert_graph_receipt_txn,
             room_id,
@@ -514,7 +516,7 @@ class ReceiptsStore(ReceiptsWorkerStore):
             self._get_linearized_receipts_for_room.invalidate_many, (room_id,)
         )
 
-        self.simple_delete_txn(
+        self.db.simple_delete_txn(
             txn,
             table="receipts_graph",
             keyvalues={
@@ -523,7 +525,7 @@ class ReceiptsStore(ReceiptsWorkerStore):
                 "user_id": user_id,
             },
         )
-        self.simple_insert_txn(
+        self.db.simple_insert_txn(
             txn,
             table="receipts_graph",
             values={
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/registration.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/registration.py
index debc6706f5..8f9aa87ceb 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/registration.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/registration.py
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
     @cached()
     def get_user_by_id(self, user_id):
-        return self.simple_select_one(
+        return self.db.simple_select_one(
             table="users",
             keyvalues={"name": user_id},
             retcols=[
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 including the keys `name`, `is_guest`, `device_id`, `token_id`,
                 `valid_until_ms`.
         """
-        return self.runInteraction(
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
             "get_user_by_access_token", self._query_for_auth, token
         )
 
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 otherwise int representation of the timestamp (as a number of
                 milliseconds since epoch).
         """
-        res = yield self.simple_select_one_onecol(
+        res = yield self.db.simple_select_one_onecol(
             table="account_validity",
             keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
             retcol="expiration_ts_ms",
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         """
 
         def set_account_validity_for_user_txn(txn):
-            self.simple_update_txn(
+            self.db.simple_update_txn(
                 txn=txn,
                 table="account_validity",
                 keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 txn, self.get_expiration_ts_for_user, (user_id,)
             )
 
-        yield self.runInteraction(
+        yield self.db.runInteraction(
             "set_account_validity_for_user", set_account_validity_for_user_txn
         )
 
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         Raises:
             StoreError: The provided token is already set for another user.
         """
-        yield self.simple_update_one(
+        yield self.db.simple_update_one(
             table="account_validity",
             keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
             updatevalues={"renewal_token": renewal_token},
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         Returns:
             defer.Deferred[str]: The ID of the user to which the token belongs.
         """
-        res = yield self.simple_select_one_onecol(
+        res = yield self.db.simple_select_one_onecol(
             table="account_validity",
             keyvalues={"renewal_token": renewal_token},
             retcol="user_id",
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         Returns:
             defer.Deferred[str]: The renewal token associated with this user ID.
         """
-        res = yield self.simple_select_one_onecol(
+        res = yield self.db.simple_select_one_onecol(
             table="account_validity",
             keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
             retcol="renewal_token",
@@ -229,9 +229,9 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             )
             values = [False, now_ms, renew_at]
             txn.execute(sql, values)
-            return self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
+            return self.db.cursor_to_dict(txn)
 
-        res = yield self.runInteraction(
+        res = yield self.db.runInteraction(
             "get_users_expiring_soon",
             select_users_txn,
             self.clock.time_msec(),
@@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             email_sent (bool): Flag which indicates whether a renewal email has been sent
                 to this user.
         """
-        yield self.simple_update_one(
+        yield self.db.simple_update_one(
             table="account_validity",
             keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
             updatevalues={"email_sent": email_sent},
@@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         Args:
             user_id (str): ID of the user to remove from the account validity table.
         """
-        yield self.simple_delete_one(
+        yield self.db.simple_delete_one(
             table="account_validity",
             keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
             desc="delete_account_validity_for_user",
@@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         Returns (bool):
             true iff the user is a server admin, false otherwise.
         """
-        res = yield self.simple_select_one_onecol(
+        res = yield self.db.simple_select_one_onecol(
             table="users",
             keyvalues={"name": user.to_string()},
             retcol="admin",
@@ -299,7 +299,7 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             admin (bool): true iff the user is to be a server admin,
                 false otherwise.
         """
-        return self.simple_update_one(
+        return self.db.simple_update_one(
             table="users",
             keyvalues={"name": user.to_string()},
             updatevalues={"admin": 1 if admin else 0},
@@ -316,7 +316,7 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         )
 
         txn.execute(sql, (token,))
-        rows = self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
+        rows = self.db.cursor_to_dict(txn)
         if rows:
             return rows[0]
 
@@ -332,7 +332,9 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         Returns:
             Deferred[bool]: True if user 'user_type' is null or empty string
         """
-        res = yield self.runInteraction("is_real_user", self.is_real_user_txn, user_id)
+        res = yield self.db.runInteraction(
+            "is_real_user", self.is_real_user_txn, user_id
+        )
         return res
 
     @cachedInlineCallbacks()
@@ -345,13 +347,13 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         Returns:
             Deferred[bool]: True if user is of type UserTypes.SUPPORT
         """
-        res = yield self.runInteraction(
+        res = yield self.db.runInteraction(
             "is_support_user", self.is_support_user_txn, user_id
         )
         return res
 
     def is_real_user_txn(self, txn, user_id):
-        res = self.simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
+        res = self.db.simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
             txn=txn,
             table="users",
             keyvalues={"name": user_id},
@@ -361,7 +363,7 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         return res is None
 
     def is_support_user_txn(self, txn, user_id):
-        res = self.simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
+        res = self.db.simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
             txn=txn,
             table="users",
             keyvalues={"name": user_id},
@@ -380,7 +382,7 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             txn.execute(sql, (user_id,))
             return dict(txn)
 
-        return self.runInteraction("get_users_by_id_case_insensitive", f)
+        return self.db.runInteraction("get_users_by_id_case_insensitive", f)
 
     async def get_user_by_external_id(
         self, auth_provider: str, external_id: str
@@ -394,7 +396,7 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         Returns:
             str|None: the mxid of the user, or None if they are not known
         """
-        return await self.simple_select_one_onecol(
+        return await self.db.simple_select_one_onecol(
             table="user_external_ids",
             keyvalues={"auth_provider": auth_provider, "external_id": external_id},
             retcol="user_id",
@@ -408,12 +410,12 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
         def _count_users(txn):
             txn.execute("SELECT COUNT(*) AS users FROM users")
-            rows = self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
+            rows = self.db.cursor_to_dict(txn)
             if rows:
                 return rows[0]["users"]
             return 0
 
-        ret = yield self.runInteraction("count_users", _count_users)
+        ret = yield self.db.runInteraction("count_users", _count_users)
         return ret
 
     def count_daily_user_type(self):
@@ -445,7 +447,7 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 results[row[0]] = row[1]
             return results
 
-        return self.runInteraction("count_daily_user_type", _count_daily_user_type)
+        return self.db.runInteraction("count_daily_user_type", _count_daily_user_type)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def count_nonbridged_users(self):
@@ -459,7 +461,7 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             (count,) = txn.fetchone()
             return count
 
-        ret = yield self.runInteraction("count_users", _count_users)
+        ret = yield self.db.runInteraction("count_users", _count_users)
         return ret
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -468,12 +470,12 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
         def _count_users(txn):
             txn.execute("SELECT COUNT(*) AS users FROM users where user_type is null")
-            rows = self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
+            rows = self.db.cursor_to_dict(txn)
             if rows:
                 return rows[0]["users"]
             return 0
 
-        ret = yield self.runInteraction("count_real_users", _count_users)
+        ret = yield self.db.runInteraction("count_real_users", _count_users)
         return ret
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -503,7 +505,7 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
         return (
             (
-                yield self.runInteraction(
+                yield self.db.runInteraction(
                     "find_next_generated_user_id", _find_next_generated_user_id
                 )
             )
@@ -520,7 +522,7 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         Returns:
             Deferred[str|None]: user id or None if no user id/threepid mapping exists
         """
-        user_id = yield self.runInteraction(
+        user_id = yield self.db.runInteraction(
             "get_user_id_by_threepid", self.get_user_id_by_threepid_txn, medium, address
         )
         return user_id
@@ -536,7 +538,7 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         Returns:
             str|None: user id or None if no user id/threepid mapping exists
         """
-        ret = self.simple_select_one_txn(
+        ret = self.db.simple_select_one_txn(
             txn,
             "user_threepids",
             {"medium": medium, "address": address},
@@ -549,7 +551,7 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def user_add_threepid(self, user_id, medium, address, validated_at, added_at):
-        yield self.simple_upsert(
+        yield self.db.simple_upsert(
             "user_threepids",
             {"medium": medium, "address": address},
             {"user_id": user_id, "validated_at": validated_at, "added_at": added_at},
@@ -557,7 +559,7 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def user_get_threepids(self, user_id):
-        ret = yield self.simple_select_list(
+        ret = yield self.db.simple_select_list(
             "user_threepids",
             {"user_id": user_id},
             ["medium", "address", "validated_at", "added_at"],
@@ -566,7 +568,7 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         return ret
 
     def user_delete_threepid(self, user_id, medium, address):
-        return self.simple_delete(
+        return self.db.simple_delete(
             "user_threepids",
             keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "medium": medium, "address": address},
             desc="user_delete_threepid",
@@ -579,7 +581,7 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
              user_id: The user id to delete all threepids of
 
         """
-        return self.simple_delete(
+        return self.db.simple_delete(
             "user_threepids",
             keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
             desc="user_delete_threepids",
@@ -601,7 +603,7 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         """
         # We need to use an upsert, in case they user had already bound the
         # threepid
-        return self.simple_upsert(
+        return self.db.simple_upsert(
             table="user_threepid_id_server",
             keyvalues={
                 "user_id": user_id,
@@ -627,7 +629,7 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 medium (str): The medium of the threepid (e.g "email")
                 address (str): The address of the threepid (e.g "bob@example.com")
         """
-        return self.simple_select_list(
+        return self.db.simple_select_list(
             table="user_threepid_id_server",
             keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
             retcols=["medium", "address"],
@@ -648,7 +650,7 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         Returns:
             Deferred
         """
-        return self.simple_delete(
+        return self.db.simple_delete(
             table="user_threepid_id_server",
             keyvalues={
                 "user_id": user_id,
@@ -671,7 +673,7 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         Returns:
             Deferred[list[str]]: Resolves to a list of identity servers
         """
-        return self.simple_select_onecol(
+        return self.db.simple_select_onecol(
             table="user_threepid_id_server",
             keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "medium": medium, "address": address},
             retcol="id_server",
@@ -689,7 +691,7 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             defer.Deferred(bool): The requested value.
         """
 
-        res = yield self.simple_select_one_onecol(
+        res = yield self.db.simple_select_one_onecol(
             table="users",
             keyvalues={"name": user_id},
             retcol="deactivated",
@@ -756,13 +758,13 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             sql += " LIMIT 1"
 
             txn.execute(sql, list(keyvalues.values()))
-            rows = self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
+            rows = self.db.cursor_to_dict(txn)
             if not rows:
                 return None
 
             return rows[0]
 
-        return self.runInteraction(
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
             "get_threepid_validation_session", get_threepid_validation_session_txn
         )
 
@@ -776,18 +778,18 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         """
 
         def delete_threepid_session_txn(txn):
-            self.simple_delete_txn(
+            self.db.simple_delete_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="threepid_validation_token",
                 keyvalues={"session_id": session_id},
             )
-            self.simple_delete_txn(
+            self.db.simple_delete_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="threepid_validation_session",
                 keyvalues={"session_id": session_id},
             )
 
-        return self.runInteraction(
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
             "delete_threepid_session", delete_threepid_session_txn
         )
 
@@ -857,7 +859,7 @@ class RegistrationBackgroundUpdateStore(
                 (last_user, batch_size),
             )
 
-            rows = self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
+            rows = self.db.cursor_to_dict(txn)
 
             if not rows:
                 return True, 0
@@ -880,7 +882,7 @@ class RegistrationBackgroundUpdateStore(
             else:
                 return False, len(rows)
 
-        end, nb_processed = yield self.runInteraction(
+        end, nb_processed = yield self.db.runInteraction(
             "users_set_deactivated_flag", _background_update_set_deactivated_flag_txn
         )
 
@@ -911,7 +913,7 @@ class RegistrationBackgroundUpdateStore(
             txn.executemany(sql, [(id_server,) for id_server in id_servers])
 
         if id_servers:
-            yield self.runInteraction(
+            yield self.db.runInteraction(
                 "_bg_user_threepids_grandfather", _bg_user_threepids_grandfather_txn
             )
 
@@ -961,7 +963,7 @@ class RegistrationStore(RegistrationBackgroundUpdateStore):
         """
         next_id = self._access_tokens_id_gen.get_next()
 
-        yield self.simple_insert(
+        yield self.db.simple_insert(
             "access_tokens",
             {
                 "id": next_id,
@@ -1003,7 +1005,7 @@ class RegistrationStore(RegistrationBackgroundUpdateStore):
         Raises:
             StoreError if the user_id could not be registered.
         """
-        return self.runInteraction(
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
             "register_user",
             self._register_user,
             user_id,
@@ -1037,7 +1039,7 @@ class RegistrationStore(RegistrationBackgroundUpdateStore):
                 # Ensure that the guest user actually exists
                 # ``allow_none=False`` makes this raise an exception
                 # if the row isn't in the database.
-                self.simple_select_one_txn(
+                self.db.simple_select_one_txn(
                     txn,
                     "users",
                     keyvalues={"name": user_id, "is_guest": 1},
@@ -1045,7 +1047,7 @@ class RegistrationStore(RegistrationBackgroundUpdateStore):
                     allow_none=False,
                 )
 
-                self.simple_update_one_txn(
+                self.db.simple_update_one_txn(
                     txn,
                     "users",
                     keyvalues={"name": user_id, "is_guest": 1},
@@ -1059,7 +1061,7 @@ class RegistrationStore(RegistrationBackgroundUpdateStore):
                     },
                 )
             else:
-                self.simple_insert_txn(
+                self.db.simple_insert_txn(
                     txn,
                     "users",
                     values={
@@ -1114,7 +1116,7 @@ class RegistrationStore(RegistrationBackgroundUpdateStore):
             external_id: id on that system
             user_id: complete mxid that it is mapped to
         """
-        return self.simple_insert(
+        return self.db.simple_insert(
             table="user_external_ids",
             values={
                 "auth_provider": auth_provider,
@@ -1132,12 +1134,14 @@ class RegistrationStore(RegistrationBackgroundUpdateStore):
         """
 
         def user_set_password_hash_txn(txn):
-            self.simple_update_one_txn(
+            self.db.simple_update_one_txn(
                 txn, "users", {"name": user_id}, {"password_hash": password_hash}
             )
             self._invalidate_cache_and_stream(txn, self.get_user_by_id, (user_id,))
 
-        return self.runInteraction("user_set_password_hash", user_set_password_hash_txn)
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
+            "user_set_password_hash", user_set_password_hash_txn
+        )
 
     def user_set_consent_version(self, user_id, consent_version):
         """Updates the user table to record privacy policy consent
@@ -1152,7 +1156,7 @@ class RegistrationStore(RegistrationBackgroundUpdateStore):
         """
 
         def f(txn):
-            self.simple_update_one_txn(
+            self.db.simple_update_one_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="users",
                 keyvalues={"name": user_id},
@@ -1160,7 +1164,7 @@ class RegistrationStore(RegistrationBackgroundUpdateStore):
             )
             self._invalidate_cache_and_stream(txn, self.get_user_by_id, (user_id,))
 
-        return self.runInteraction("user_set_consent_version", f)
+        return self.db.runInteraction("user_set_consent_version", f)
 
     def user_set_consent_server_notice_sent(self, user_id, consent_version):
         """Updates the user table to record that we have sent the user a server
@@ -1176,7 +1180,7 @@ class RegistrationStore(RegistrationBackgroundUpdateStore):
         """
 
         def f(txn):
-            self.simple_update_one_txn(
+            self.db.simple_update_one_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="users",
                 keyvalues={"name": user_id},
@@ -1184,7 +1188,7 @@ class RegistrationStore(RegistrationBackgroundUpdateStore):
             )
             self._invalidate_cache_and_stream(txn, self.get_user_by_id, (user_id,))
 
-        return self.runInteraction("user_set_consent_server_notice_sent", f)
+        return self.db.runInteraction("user_set_consent_server_notice_sent", f)
 
     def user_delete_access_tokens(self, user_id, except_token_id=None, device_id=None):
         """
@@ -1230,11 +1234,11 @@ class RegistrationStore(RegistrationBackgroundUpdateStore):
 
             return tokens_and_devices
 
-        return self.runInteraction("user_delete_access_tokens", f)
+        return self.db.runInteraction("user_delete_access_tokens", f)
 
     def delete_access_token(self, access_token):
         def f(txn):
-            self.simple_delete_one_txn(
+            self.db.simple_delete_one_txn(
                 txn, table="access_tokens", keyvalues={"token": access_token}
             )
 
@@ -1242,11 +1246,11 @@ class RegistrationStore(RegistrationBackgroundUpdateStore):
                 txn, self.get_user_by_access_token, (access_token,)
             )
 
-        return self.runInteraction("delete_access_token", f)
+        return self.db.runInteraction("delete_access_token", f)
 
     @cachedInlineCallbacks()
     def is_guest(self, user_id):
-        res = yield self.simple_select_one_onecol(
+        res = yield self.db.simple_select_one_onecol(
             table="users",
             keyvalues={"name": user_id},
             retcol="is_guest",
@@ -1261,7 +1265,7 @@ class RegistrationStore(RegistrationBackgroundUpdateStore):
         Adds a user to the table of users who need to be parted from all the rooms they're
         in
         """
-        return self.simple_insert(
+        return self.db.simple_insert(
             "users_pending_deactivation",
             values={"user_id": user_id},
             desc="add_user_pending_deactivation",
@@ -1274,7 +1278,7 @@ class RegistrationStore(RegistrationBackgroundUpdateStore):
         """
         # XXX: This should be simple_delete_one but we failed to put a unique index on
         # the table, so somehow duplicate entries have ended up in it.
-        return self.simple_delete(
+        return self.db.simple_delete(
             "users_pending_deactivation",
             keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
             desc="del_user_pending_deactivation",
@@ -1285,7 +1289,7 @@ class RegistrationStore(RegistrationBackgroundUpdateStore):
         Gets one user from the table of users waiting to be parted from all the rooms
         they're in.
         """
-        return self.simple_select_one_onecol(
+        return self.db.simple_select_one_onecol(
             "users_pending_deactivation",
             keyvalues={},
             retcol="user_id",
@@ -1315,7 +1319,7 @@ class RegistrationStore(RegistrationBackgroundUpdateStore):
 
         # Insert everything into a transaction in order to run atomically
         def validate_threepid_session_txn(txn):
-            row = self.simple_select_one_txn(
+            row = self.db.simple_select_one_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="threepid_validation_session",
                 keyvalues={"session_id": session_id},
@@ -1333,7 +1337,7 @@ class RegistrationStore(RegistrationBackgroundUpdateStore):
                     400, "This client_secret does not match the provided session_id"
                 )
 
-            row = self.simple_select_one_txn(
+            row = self.db.simple_select_one_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="threepid_validation_token",
                 keyvalues={"session_id": session_id, "token": token},
@@ -1358,7 +1362,7 @@ class RegistrationStore(RegistrationBackgroundUpdateStore):
                 )
 
             # Looks good. Validate the session
-            self.simple_update_txn(
+            self.db.simple_update_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="threepid_validation_session",
                 keyvalues={"session_id": session_id},
@@ -1368,7 +1372,7 @@ class RegistrationStore(RegistrationBackgroundUpdateStore):
             return next_link
 
         # Return next_link if it exists
-        return self.runInteraction(
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
             "validate_threepid_session_txn", validate_threepid_session_txn
         )
 
@@ -1401,7 +1405,7 @@ class RegistrationStore(RegistrationBackgroundUpdateStore):
         if validated_at:
             insertion_values["validated_at"] = validated_at
 
-        return self.simple_upsert(
+        return self.db.simple_upsert(
             table="threepid_validation_session",
             keyvalues={"session_id": session_id},
             values={"last_send_attempt": send_attempt},
@@ -1439,7 +1443,7 @@ class RegistrationStore(RegistrationBackgroundUpdateStore):
 
         def start_or_continue_validation_session_txn(txn):
             # Create or update a validation session
-            self.simple_upsert_txn(
+            self.db.simple_upsert_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="threepid_validation_session",
                 keyvalues={"session_id": session_id},
@@ -1452,7 +1456,7 @@ class RegistrationStore(RegistrationBackgroundUpdateStore):
             )
 
             # Create a new validation token with this session ID
-            self.simple_insert_txn(
+            self.db.simple_insert_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="threepid_validation_token",
                 values={
@@ -1463,7 +1467,7 @@ class RegistrationStore(RegistrationBackgroundUpdateStore):
                 },
             )
 
-        return self.runInteraction(
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
             "start_or_continue_validation_session",
             start_or_continue_validation_session_txn,
         )
@@ -1478,7 +1482,7 @@ class RegistrationStore(RegistrationBackgroundUpdateStore):
             """
             return txn.execute(sql, (ts,))
 
-        return self.runInteraction(
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
             "cull_expired_threepid_validation_tokens",
             cull_expired_threepid_validation_tokens_txn,
             self.clock.time_msec(),
@@ -1493,7 +1497,7 @@ class RegistrationStore(RegistrationBackgroundUpdateStore):
             deactivated (bool): The value to set for `deactivated`.
         """
 
-        yield self.runInteraction(
+        yield self.db.runInteraction(
             "set_user_deactivated_status",
             self.set_user_deactivated_status_txn,
             user_id,
@@ -1501,7 +1505,7 @@ class RegistrationStore(RegistrationBackgroundUpdateStore):
         )
 
     def set_user_deactivated_status_txn(self, txn, user_id, deactivated):
-        self.simple_update_one_txn(
+        self.db.simple_update_one_txn(
             txn=txn,
             table="users",
             keyvalues={"name": user_id},
@@ -1529,14 +1533,14 @@ class RegistrationStore(RegistrationBackgroundUpdateStore):
             )
             txn.execute(sql, [])
 
-            res = self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
+            res = self.db.cursor_to_dict(txn)
             if res:
                 for user in res:
                     self.set_expiration_date_for_user_txn(
                         txn, user["name"], use_delta=True
                     )
 
-        yield self.runInteraction(
+        yield self.db.runInteraction(
             "get_users_with_no_expiration_date",
             select_users_with_no_expiration_date_txn,
         )
@@ -1560,7 +1564,7 @@ class RegistrationStore(RegistrationBackgroundUpdateStore):
                 expiration_ts,
             )
 
-        self.simple_upsert_txn(
+        self.db.simple_upsert_txn(
             txn,
             "account_validity",
             keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/rejections.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/rejections.py
index f81f9279a1..1c07c7a425 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/rejections.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/rejections.py
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 class RejectionsStore(SQLBaseStore):
     def _store_rejections_txn(self, txn, event_id, reason):
-        self.simple_insert_txn(
+        self.db.simple_insert_txn(
             txn,
             table="rejections",
             values={
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ class RejectionsStore(SQLBaseStore):
         )
 
     def get_rejection_reason(self, event_id):
-        return self.simple_select_one_onecol(
+        return self.db.simple_select_one_onecol(
             table="rejections",
             retcol="reason",
             keyvalues={"event_id": event_id},
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/relations.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/relations.py
index aa5e10538b..046c2b4845 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/relations.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/relations.py
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ class RelationsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 chunk=list(events[:limit]), next_batch=next_batch, prev_batch=from_token
             )
 
-        return self.runInteraction(
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
             "get_recent_references_for_event", _get_recent_references_for_event_txn
         )
 
@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ class RelationsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 chunk=list(events[:limit]), next_batch=next_batch, prev_batch=from_token
             )
 
-        return self.runInteraction(
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
             "get_aggregation_groups_for_event", _get_aggregation_groups_for_event_txn
         )
 
@@ -268,7 +268,7 @@ class RelationsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             if row:
                 return row[0]
 
-        edit_id = yield self.runInteraction(
+        edit_id = yield self.db.runInteraction(
             "get_applicable_edit", _get_applicable_edit_txn
         )
 
@@ -318,7 +318,7 @@ class RelationsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
             return bool(txn.fetchone())
 
-        return self.runInteraction(
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
             "get_if_user_has_annotated_event", _get_if_user_has_annotated_event
         )
 
@@ -352,7 +352,7 @@ class RelationsStore(RelationsWorkerStore):
 
         aggregation_key = relation.get("key")
 
-        self.simple_insert_txn(
+        self.db.simple_insert_txn(
             txn,
             table="event_relations",
             values={
@@ -380,6 +380,6 @@ class RelationsStore(RelationsWorkerStore):
             redacted_event_id (str): The event that was redacted.
         """
 
-        self.simple_delete_txn(
+        self.db.simple_delete_txn(
             txn, table="event_relations", keyvalues={"event_id": redacted_event_id}
         )
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/room.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/room.py
index f309e3640c..a26ed47afc 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/room.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/room.py
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ class RoomWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         Returns:
             A dict containing the room information, or None if the room is unknown.
         """
-        return self.simple_select_one(
+        return self.db.simple_select_one(
             table="rooms",
             keyvalues={"room_id": room_id},
             retcols=("room_id", "is_public", "creator"),
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ class RoomWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         )
 
     def get_public_room_ids(self):
-        return self.simple_select_onecol(
+        return self.db.simple_select_onecol(
             table="rooms",
             keyvalues={"is_public": True},
             retcol="room_id",
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ class RoomWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             txn.execute(sql, query_args)
             return txn.fetchone()[0]
 
-        return self.runInteraction("count_public_rooms", _count_public_rooms_txn)
+        return self.db.runInteraction("count_public_rooms", _count_public_rooms_txn)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_largest_public_rooms(
@@ -253,21 +253,21 @@ class RoomWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         def _get_largest_public_rooms_txn(txn):
             txn.execute(sql, query_args)
 
-            results = self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
+            results = self.db.cursor_to_dict(txn)
 
             if not forwards:
                 results.reverse()
 
             return results
 
-        ret_val = yield self.runInteraction(
+        ret_val = yield self.db.runInteraction(
             "get_largest_public_rooms", _get_largest_public_rooms_txn
         )
         defer.returnValue(ret_val)
 
     @cached(max_entries=10000)
     def is_room_blocked(self, room_id):
-        return self.simple_select_one_onecol(
+        return self.db.simple_select_one_onecol(
             table="blocked_rooms",
             keyvalues={"room_id": room_id},
             retcol="1",
@@ -288,7 +288,7 @@ class RoomWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             of RatelimitOverride are None or 0 then ratelimitng has been
             disabled for that user entirely.
         """
-        row = yield self.simple_select_one(
+        row = yield self.db.simple_select_one(
             table="ratelimit_override",
             keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
             retcols=("messages_per_second", "burst_count"),
@@ -330,9 +330,9 @@ class RoomWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 (room_id,),
             )
 
-            return self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
+            return self.db.cursor_to_dict(txn)
 
-        ret = yield self.runInteraction(
+        ret = yield self.db.runInteraction(
             "get_retention_policy_for_room", get_retention_policy_for_room_txn,
         )
 
@@ -396,7 +396,7 @@ class RoomBackgroundUpdateStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
                 (last_room, batch_size),
             )
 
-            rows = self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
+            rows = self.db.cursor_to_dict(txn)
 
             if not rows:
                 return True
@@ -408,7 +408,7 @@ class RoomBackgroundUpdateStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
                     ev = json.loads(row["json"])
                     retention_policy = json.dumps(ev["content"])
 
-                self.simple_insert_txn(
+                self.db.simple_insert_txn(
                     txn=txn,
                     table="room_retention",
                     values={
@@ -430,7 +430,7 @@ class RoomBackgroundUpdateStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
             else:
                 return False
 
-        end = yield self.runInteraction(
+        end = yield self.db.runInteraction(
             "insert_room_retention", _background_insert_retention_txn,
         )
 
@@ -461,7 +461,7 @@ class RoomStore(RoomBackgroundUpdateStore, RoomWorkerStore, SearchStore):
         try:
 
             def store_room_txn(txn, next_id):
-                self.simple_insert_txn(
+                self.db.simple_insert_txn(
                     txn,
                     "rooms",
                     {
@@ -471,7 +471,7 @@ class RoomStore(RoomBackgroundUpdateStore, RoomWorkerStore, SearchStore):
                     },
                 )
                 if is_public:
-                    self.simple_insert_txn(
+                    self.db.simple_insert_txn(
                         txn,
                         table="public_room_list_stream",
                         values={
@@ -482,7 +482,7 @@ class RoomStore(RoomBackgroundUpdateStore, RoomWorkerStore, SearchStore):
                     )
 
             with self._public_room_id_gen.get_next() as next_id:
-                yield self.runInteraction("store_room_txn", store_room_txn, next_id)
+                yield self.db.runInteraction("store_room_txn", store_room_txn, next_id)
         except Exception as e:
             logger.error("store_room with room_id=%s failed: %s", room_id, e)
             raise StoreError(500, "Problem creating room.")
@@ -490,14 +490,14 @@ class RoomStore(RoomBackgroundUpdateStore, RoomWorkerStore, SearchStore):
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def set_room_is_public(self, room_id, is_public):
         def set_room_is_public_txn(txn, next_id):
-            self.simple_update_one_txn(
+            self.db.simple_update_one_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="rooms",
                 keyvalues={"room_id": room_id},
                 updatevalues={"is_public": is_public},
             )
 
-            entries = self.simple_select_list_txn(
+            entries = self.db.simple_select_list_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="public_room_list_stream",
                 keyvalues={
@@ -515,7 +515,7 @@ class RoomStore(RoomBackgroundUpdateStore, RoomWorkerStore, SearchStore):
                 add_to_stream = bool(entries[-1]["visibility"]) != is_public
 
             if add_to_stream:
-                self.simple_insert_txn(
+                self.db.simple_insert_txn(
                     txn,
                     table="public_room_list_stream",
                     values={
@@ -528,7 +528,7 @@ class RoomStore(RoomBackgroundUpdateStore, RoomWorkerStore, SearchStore):
                 )
 
         with self._public_room_id_gen.get_next() as next_id:
-            yield self.runInteraction(
+            yield self.db.runInteraction(
                 "set_room_is_public", set_room_is_public_txn, next_id
             )
         self.hs.get_notifier().on_new_replication_data()
@@ -555,7 +555,7 @@ class RoomStore(RoomBackgroundUpdateStore, RoomWorkerStore, SearchStore):
         def set_room_is_public_appservice_txn(txn, next_id):
             if is_public:
                 try:
-                    self.simple_insert_txn(
+                    self.db.simple_insert_txn(
                         txn,
                         table="appservice_room_list",
                         values={
@@ -568,7 +568,7 @@ class RoomStore(RoomBackgroundUpdateStore, RoomWorkerStore, SearchStore):
                     # We've already inserted, nothing to do.
                     return
             else:
-                self.simple_delete_txn(
+                self.db.simple_delete_txn(
                     txn,
                     table="appservice_room_list",
                     keyvalues={
@@ -578,7 +578,7 @@ class RoomStore(RoomBackgroundUpdateStore, RoomWorkerStore, SearchStore):
                     },
                 )
 
-            entries = self.simple_select_list_txn(
+            entries = self.db.simple_select_list_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="public_room_list_stream",
                 keyvalues={
@@ -596,7 +596,7 @@ class RoomStore(RoomBackgroundUpdateStore, RoomWorkerStore, SearchStore):
                 add_to_stream = bool(entries[-1]["visibility"]) != is_public
 
             if add_to_stream:
-                self.simple_insert_txn(
+                self.db.simple_insert_txn(
                     txn,
                     table="public_room_list_stream",
                     values={
@@ -609,7 +609,7 @@ class RoomStore(RoomBackgroundUpdateStore, RoomWorkerStore, SearchStore):
                 )
 
         with self._public_room_id_gen.get_next() as next_id:
-            yield self.runInteraction(
+            yield self.db.runInteraction(
                 "set_room_is_public_appservice",
                 set_room_is_public_appservice_txn,
                 next_id,
@@ -626,7 +626,7 @@ class RoomStore(RoomBackgroundUpdateStore, RoomWorkerStore, SearchStore):
             row = txn.fetchone()
             return row[0] or 0
 
-        return self.runInteraction("get_rooms", f)
+        return self.db.runInteraction("get_rooms", f)
 
     def _store_room_topic_txn(self, txn, event):
         if hasattr(event, "content") and "topic" in event.content:
@@ -660,7 +660,7 @@ class RoomStore(RoomBackgroundUpdateStore, RoomWorkerStore, SearchStore):
                 # Ignore the event if one of the value isn't an integer.
                 return
 
-            self.simple_insert_txn(
+            self.db.simple_insert_txn(
                 txn=txn,
                 table="room_retention",
                 values={
@@ -679,7 +679,7 @@ class RoomStore(RoomBackgroundUpdateStore, RoomWorkerStore, SearchStore):
         self, room_id, event_id, user_id, reason, content, received_ts
     ):
         next_id = self._event_reports_id_gen.get_next()
-        return self.simple_insert(
+        return self.db.simple_insert(
             table="event_reports",
             values={
                 "id": next_id,
@@ -712,7 +712,9 @@ class RoomStore(RoomBackgroundUpdateStore, RoomWorkerStore, SearchStore):
         if prev_id == current_id:
             return defer.succeed([])
 
-        return self.runInteraction("get_all_new_public_rooms", get_all_new_public_rooms)
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
+            "get_all_new_public_rooms", get_all_new_public_rooms
+        )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def block_room(self, room_id, user_id):
@@ -725,14 +727,14 @@ class RoomStore(RoomBackgroundUpdateStore, RoomWorkerStore, SearchStore):
         Returns:
             Deferred
         """
-        yield self.simple_upsert(
+        yield self.db.simple_upsert(
             table="blocked_rooms",
             keyvalues={"room_id": room_id},
             values={},
             insertion_values={"user_id": user_id},
             desc="block_room",
         )
-        yield self.runInteraction(
+        yield self.db.runInteraction(
             "block_room_invalidation",
             self._invalidate_cache_and_stream,
             self.is_room_blocked,
@@ -763,7 +765,9 @@ class RoomStore(RoomBackgroundUpdateStore, RoomWorkerStore, SearchStore):
 
             return local_media_mxcs, remote_media_mxcs
 
-        return self.runInteraction("get_media_ids_in_room", _get_media_mxcs_in_room_txn)
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
+            "get_media_ids_in_room", _get_media_mxcs_in_room_txn
+        )
 
     def quarantine_media_ids_in_room(self, room_id, quarantined_by):
         """For a room loops through all events with media and quarantines
@@ -802,7 +806,7 @@ class RoomStore(RoomBackgroundUpdateStore, RoomWorkerStore, SearchStore):
 
             return total_media_quarantined
 
-        return self.runInteraction(
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
             "quarantine_media_in_room", _quarantine_media_in_room_txn
         )
 
@@ -907,7 +911,7 @@ class RoomStore(RoomBackgroundUpdateStore, RoomWorkerStore, SearchStore):
 
             txn.execute(sql, args)
 
-            rows = self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
+            rows = self.db.cursor_to_dict(txn)
             rooms_dict = {}
 
             for row in rows:
@@ -923,7 +927,7 @@ class RoomStore(RoomBackgroundUpdateStore, RoomWorkerStore, SearchStore):
 
                 txn.execute(sql)
 
-                rows = self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
+                rows = self.db.cursor_to_dict(txn)
 
                 # If a room isn't already in the dict (i.e. it doesn't have a retention
                 # policy in its state), add it with a null policy.
@@ -936,7 +940,7 @@ class RoomStore(RoomBackgroundUpdateStore, RoomWorkerStore, SearchStore):
 
             return rooms_dict
 
-        rooms = yield self.runInteraction(
+        rooms = yield self.db.runInteraction(
             "get_rooms_for_retention_period_in_range",
             get_rooms_for_retention_period_in_range_txn,
         )
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/roommember.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/roommember.py
index fe2428a281..7f4d02b25b 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/roommember.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/roommember.py
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ class RoomMemberWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore):
             txn.execute(query)
             return list(txn)[0][0]
 
-        count = yield self.runInteraction("get_known_servers", _transact)
+        count = yield self.db.runInteraction("get_known_servers", _transact)
 
         # We always know about ourselves, even if we have nothing in
         # room_memberships (for example, the server is new).
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ class RoomMemberWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore):
         membership column is up to date
         """
 
-        pending_update = self.simple_select_one_txn(
+        pending_update = self.db.simple_select_one_txn(
             txn,
             table="background_updates",
             keyvalues={"update_name": _CURRENT_STATE_MEMBERSHIP_UPDATE_NAME},
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ class RoomMemberWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore):
                 15.0,
                 run_as_background_process,
                 "_check_safe_current_state_events_membership_updated",
-                self.runInteraction,
+                self.db.runInteraction,
                 "_check_safe_current_state_events_membership_updated",
                 self._check_safe_current_state_events_membership_updated_txn,
             )
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ class RoomMemberWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore):
 
     @cached(max_entries=100000, iterable=True)
     def get_users_in_room(self, room_id):
-        return self.runInteraction(
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
             "get_users_in_room", self.get_users_in_room_txn, room_id
         )
 
@@ -269,7 +269,7 @@ class RoomMemberWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore):
 
             return res
 
-        return self.runInteraction("get_room_summary", _get_room_summary_txn)
+        return self.db.runInteraction("get_room_summary", _get_room_summary_txn)
 
     def _get_user_counts_in_room_txn(self, txn, room_id):
         """
@@ -339,7 +339,7 @@ class RoomMemberWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore):
         if not membership_list:
             return defer.succeed(None)
 
-        rooms = yield self.runInteraction(
+        rooms = yield self.db.runInteraction(
             "get_rooms_for_user_where_membership_is",
             self._get_rooms_for_user_where_membership_is_txn,
             user_id,
@@ -392,7 +392,7 @@ class RoomMemberWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore):
                 )
 
             txn.execute(sql, (user_id, *args))
-            results = [RoomsForUser(**r) for r in self.cursor_to_dict(txn)]
+            results = [RoomsForUser(**r) for r in self.db.cursor_to_dict(txn)]
 
         if do_invite:
             sql = (
@@ -412,7 +412,7 @@ class RoomMemberWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore):
                     stream_ordering=r["stream_ordering"],
                     membership=Membership.INVITE,
                 )
-                for r in self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
+                for r in self.db.cursor_to_dict(txn)
             )
 
         return results
@@ -603,7 +603,7 @@ class RoomMemberWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore):
             to `user_id` and ProfileInfo (or None if not join event).
         """
 
-        rows = yield self.simple_select_many_batch(
+        rows = yield self.db.simple_select_many_batch(
             table="room_memberships",
             column="event_id",
             iterable=event_ids,
@@ -643,7 +643,7 @@ class RoomMemberWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore):
         # the returned user actually has the correct domain.
         like_clause = "%:" + host
 
-        rows = yield self.execute("is_host_joined", None, sql, room_id, like_clause)
+        rows = yield self.db.execute("is_host_joined", None, sql, room_id, like_clause)
 
         if not rows:
             return False
@@ -683,7 +683,7 @@ class RoomMemberWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore):
         # the returned user actually has the correct domain.
         like_clause = "%:" + host
 
-        rows = yield self.execute("was_host_joined", None, sql, room_id, like_clause)
+        rows = yield self.db.execute("was_host_joined", None, sql, room_id, like_clause)
 
         if not rows:
             return False
@@ -753,7 +753,7 @@ class RoomMemberWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore):
             rows = txn.fetchall()
             return rows[0][0]
 
-        count = yield self.runInteraction("did_forget_membership", f)
+        count = yield self.db.runInteraction("did_forget_membership", f)
         return count == 0
 
     @cached()
@@ -790,7 +790,7 @@ class RoomMemberWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore):
             txn.execute(sql, (user_id,))
             return set(row[0] for row in txn if row[1] == 0)
 
-        return self.runInteraction(
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
             "get_forgotten_rooms_for_user", _get_forgotten_rooms_for_user_txn
         )
 
@@ -805,7 +805,7 @@ class RoomMemberWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore):
             Deferred[set[str]]: Set of room IDs.
         """
 
-        room_ids = yield self.simple_select_onecol(
+        room_ids = yield self.db.simple_select_onecol(
             table="room_memberships",
             keyvalues={"membership": Membership.JOIN, "user_id": user_id},
             retcol="room_id",
@@ -820,7 +820,7 @@ class RoomMemberWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore):
         """Get user_id and membership of a set of event IDs.
         """
 
-        return self.simple_select_many_batch(
+        return self.db.simple_select_many_batch(
             table="room_memberships",
             column="event_id",
             iterable=member_event_ids,
@@ -874,7 +874,7 @@ class RoomMemberBackgroundUpdateStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
 
             txn.execute(sql, (target_min_stream_id, max_stream_id, batch_size))
 
-            rows = self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
+            rows = self.db.cursor_to_dict(txn)
             if not rows:
                 return 0
 
@@ -915,7 +915,7 @@ class RoomMemberBackgroundUpdateStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
 
             return len(rows)
 
-        result = yield self.runInteraction(
+        result = yield self.db.runInteraction(
             _MEMBERSHIP_PROFILE_UPDATE_NAME, add_membership_profile_txn
         )
 
@@ -971,7 +971,7 @@ class RoomMemberBackgroundUpdateStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
         # string, which will compare before all room IDs correctly.
         last_processed_room = progress.get("last_processed_room", "")
 
-        row_count, finished = yield self.runInteraction(
+        row_count, finished = yield self.db.runInteraction(
             "_background_current_state_membership_update",
             _background_current_state_membership_txn,
             last_processed_room,
@@ -990,7 +990,7 @@ class RoomMemberStore(RoomMemberWorkerStore, RoomMemberBackgroundUpdateStore):
     def _store_room_members_txn(self, txn, events, backfilled):
         """Store a room member in the database.
         """
-        self.simple_insert_many_txn(
+        self.db.simple_insert_many_txn(
             txn,
             table="room_memberships",
             values=[
@@ -1028,7 +1028,7 @@ class RoomMemberStore(RoomMemberWorkerStore, RoomMemberBackgroundUpdateStore):
             is_mine = self.hs.is_mine_id(event.state_key)
             if is_new_state and is_mine:
                 if event.membership == Membership.INVITE:
-                    self.simple_insert_txn(
+                    self.db.simple_insert_txn(
                         txn,
                         table="local_invites",
                         values={
@@ -1068,7 +1068,7 @@ class RoomMemberStore(RoomMemberWorkerStore, RoomMemberBackgroundUpdateStore):
             txn.execute(sql, (stream_ordering, True, room_id, user_id))
 
         with self._stream_id_gen.get_next() as stream_ordering:
-            yield self.runInteraction("locally_reject_invite", f, stream_ordering)
+            yield self.db.runInteraction("locally_reject_invite", f, stream_ordering)
 
     def forget(self, user_id, room_id):
         """Indicate that user_id wishes to discard history for room_id."""
@@ -1091,7 +1091,7 @@ class RoomMemberStore(RoomMemberWorkerStore, RoomMemberBackgroundUpdateStore):
                 txn, self.get_forgotten_rooms_for_user, (user_id,)
             )
 
-        return self.runInteraction("forget_membership", f)
+        return self.db.runInteraction("forget_membership", f)
 
 
 class _JoinedHostsCache(object):
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/search.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/search.py
index f735cf095c..55a604850e 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/search.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/search.py
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ class SearchBackgroundUpdateStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
             # store_search_entries_txn with a generator function, but that
             # would mean having two cursors open on the database at once.
             # Instead we just build a list of results.
-            rows = self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
+            rows = self.db.cursor_to_dict(txn)
             if not rows:
                 return 0
 
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ class SearchBackgroundUpdateStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
 
             return len(event_search_rows)
 
-        result = yield self.runInteraction(
+        result = yield self.db.runInteraction(
             self.EVENT_SEARCH_UPDATE_NAME, reindex_search_txn
         )
 
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ class SearchBackgroundUpdateStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
                 conn.set_session(autocommit=False)
 
         if isinstance(self.database_engine, PostgresEngine):
-            yield self.runWithConnection(create_index)
+            yield self.db.runWithConnection(create_index)
 
         yield self._end_background_update(self.EVENT_SEARCH_USE_GIN_POSTGRES_NAME)
         return 1
@@ -237,12 +237,12 @@ class SearchBackgroundUpdateStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
                 )
                 conn.set_session(autocommit=False)
 
-            yield self.runWithConnection(create_index)
+            yield self.db.runWithConnection(create_index)
 
             pg = dict(progress)
             pg["have_added_indexes"] = True
 
-            yield self.runInteraction(
+            yield self.db.runInteraction(
                 self.EVENT_SEARCH_ORDER_UPDATE_NAME,
                 self._background_update_progress_txn,
                 self.EVENT_SEARCH_ORDER_UPDATE_NAME,
@@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ class SearchBackgroundUpdateStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
 
             return len(rows), True
 
-        num_rows, finished = yield self.runInteraction(
+        num_rows, finished = yield self.db.runInteraction(
             self.EVENT_SEARCH_ORDER_UPDATE_NAME, reindex_search_txn
         )
 
@@ -441,7 +441,9 @@ class SearchStore(SearchBackgroundUpdateStore):
         # entire table from the database.
         sql += " ORDER BY rank DESC LIMIT 500"
 
-        results = yield self.execute("search_msgs", self.cursor_to_dict, sql, *args)
+        results = yield self.db.execute(
+            "search_msgs", self.db.cursor_to_dict, sql, *args
+        )
 
         results = list(filter(lambda row: row["room_id"] in room_ids, results))
 
@@ -455,8 +457,8 @@ class SearchStore(SearchBackgroundUpdateStore):
 
         count_sql += " GROUP BY room_id"
 
-        count_results = yield self.execute(
-            "search_rooms_count", self.cursor_to_dict, count_sql, *count_args
+        count_results = yield self.db.execute(
+            "search_rooms_count", self.db.cursor_to_dict, count_sql, *count_args
         )
 
         count = sum(row["count"] for row in count_results if row["room_id"] in room_ids)
@@ -586,7 +588,9 @@ class SearchStore(SearchBackgroundUpdateStore):
 
         args.append(limit)
 
-        results = yield self.execute("search_rooms", self.cursor_to_dict, sql, *args)
+        results = yield self.db.execute(
+            "search_rooms", self.db.cursor_to_dict, sql, *args
+        )
 
         results = list(filter(lambda row: row["room_id"] in room_ids, results))
 
@@ -600,8 +604,8 @@ class SearchStore(SearchBackgroundUpdateStore):
 
         count_sql += " GROUP BY room_id"
 
-        count_results = yield self.execute(
-            "search_rooms_count", self.cursor_to_dict, count_sql, *count_args
+        count_results = yield self.db.execute(
+            "search_rooms_count", self.db.cursor_to_dict, count_sql, *count_args
         )
 
         count = sum(row["count"] for row in count_results if row["room_id"] in room_ids)
@@ -686,7 +690,7 @@ class SearchStore(SearchBackgroundUpdateStore):
 
             return highlight_words
 
-        return self.runInteraction("_find_highlights", f)
+        return self.db.runInteraction("_find_highlights", f)
 
 
 def _to_postgres_options(options_dict):
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/signatures.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/signatures.py
index f3da29ce14..563216b63c 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/signatures.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/signatures.py
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ class SignatureWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 for event_id in event_ids
             }
 
-        return self.runInteraction("get_event_reference_hashes", f)
+        return self.db.runInteraction("get_event_reference_hashes", f)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def add_event_hashes(self, event_ids):
@@ -98,4 +98,4 @@ class SignatureStore(SignatureWorkerStore):
                 }
             )
 
-        self.simple_insert_many_txn(txn, table="event_reference_hashes", values=vals)
+        self.db.simple_insert_many_txn(txn, table="event_reference_hashes", values=vals)
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/state.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/state.py
index 2b33ec1a35..851e81d6b3 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/state.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/state.py
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ class StateGroupBackgroundUpdateStore(SQLBaseStore):
             count = 0
 
             while next_group:
-                next_group = self.simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
+                next_group = self.db.simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
                     txn,
                     table="state_group_edges",
                     keyvalues={"state_group": next_group},
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ class StateGroupBackgroundUpdateStore(SQLBaseStore):
                     ):
                         break
 
-                    next_group = self.simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
+                    next_group = self.db.simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
                         txn,
                         table="state_group_edges",
                         keyvalues={"state_group": next_group},
@@ -348,7 +348,9 @@ class StateGroupWorkerStore(
                 (intern_string(r[0]), intern_string(r[1])): to_ascii(r[2]) for r in txn
             }
 
-        return self.runInteraction("get_current_state_ids", _get_current_state_ids_txn)
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
+            "get_current_state_ids", _get_current_state_ids_txn
+        )
 
     # FIXME: how should this be cached?
     def get_filtered_current_state_ids(self, room_id, state_filter=StateFilter.all()):
@@ -392,7 +394,7 @@ class StateGroupWorkerStore(
 
             return results
 
-        return self.runInteraction(
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
             "get_filtered_current_state_ids", _get_filtered_current_state_ids_txn
         )
 
@@ -431,7 +433,7 @@ class StateGroupWorkerStore(
         """
 
         def _get_state_group_delta_txn(txn):
-            prev_group = self.simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
+            prev_group = self.db.simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="state_group_edges",
                 keyvalues={"state_group": state_group},
@@ -442,7 +444,7 @@ class StateGroupWorkerStore(
             if not prev_group:
                 return _GetStateGroupDelta(None, None)
 
-            delta_ids = self.simple_select_list_txn(
+            delta_ids = self.db.simple_select_list_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="state_groups_state",
                 keyvalues={"state_group": state_group},
@@ -454,7 +456,9 @@ class StateGroupWorkerStore(
                 {(row["type"], row["state_key"]): row["event_id"] for row in delta_ids},
             )
 
-        return self.runInteraction("get_state_group_delta", _get_state_group_delta_txn)
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
+            "get_state_group_delta", _get_state_group_delta_txn
+        )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_state_groups_ids(self, _room_id, event_ids):
@@ -540,7 +544,7 @@ class StateGroupWorkerStore(
 
         chunks = [groups[i : i + 100] for i in range(0, len(groups), 100)]
         for chunk in chunks:
-            res = yield self.runInteraction(
+            res = yield self.db.runInteraction(
                 "_get_state_groups_from_groups",
                 self._get_state_groups_from_groups_txn,
                 chunk,
@@ -644,7 +648,7 @@ class StateGroupWorkerStore(
 
     @cached(max_entries=50000)
     def _get_state_group_for_event(self, event_id):
-        return self.simple_select_one_onecol(
+        return self.db.simple_select_one_onecol(
             table="event_to_state_groups",
             keyvalues={"event_id": event_id},
             retcol="state_group",
@@ -661,7 +665,7 @@ class StateGroupWorkerStore(
     def _get_state_group_for_events(self, event_ids):
         """Returns mapping event_id -> state_group
         """
-        rows = yield self.simple_select_many_batch(
+        rows = yield self.db.simple_select_many_batch(
             table="event_to_state_groups",
             column="event_id",
             iterable=event_ids,
@@ -902,7 +906,7 @@ class StateGroupWorkerStore(
 
             state_group = self.database_engine.get_next_state_group_id(txn)
 
-            self.simple_insert_txn(
+            self.db.simple_insert_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="state_groups",
                 values={"id": state_group, "room_id": room_id, "event_id": event_id},
@@ -911,7 +915,7 @@ class StateGroupWorkerStore(
             # We persist as a delta if we can, while also ensuring the chain
             # of deltas isn't tooo long, as otherwise read performance degrades.
             if prev_group:
-                is_in_db = self.simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
+                is_in_db = self.db.simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
                     txn,
                     table="state_groups",
                     keyvalues={"id": prev_group},
@@ -926,13 +930,13 @@ class StateGroupWorkerStore(
 
                 potential_hops = self._count_state_group_hops_txn(txn, prev_group)
             if prev_group and potential_hops < MAX_STATE_DELTA_HOPS:
-                self.simple_insert_txn(
+                self.db.simple_insert_txn(
                     txn,
                     table="state_group_edges",
                     values={"state_group": state_group, "prev_state_group": prev_group},
                 )
 
-                self.simple_insert_many_txn(
+                self.db.simple_insert_many_txn(
                     txn,
                     table="state_groups_state",
                     values=[
@@ -947,7 +951,7 @@ class StateGroupWorkerStore(
                     ],
                 )
             else:
-                self.simple_insert_many_txn(
+                self.db.simple_insert_many_txn(
                     txn,
                     table="state_groups_state",
                     values=[
@@ -993,7 +997,7 @@ class StateGroupWorkerStore(
 
             return state_group
 
-        return self.runInteraction("store_state_group", _store_state_group_txn)
+        return self.db.runInteraction("store_state_group", _store_state_group_txn)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_referenced_state_groups(self, state_groups):
@@ -1007,7 +1011,7 @@ class StateGroupWorkerStore(
             referenced.
         """
 
-        rows = yield self.simple_select_many_batch(
+        rows = yield self.db.simple_select_many_batch(
             table="event_to_state_groups",
             column="state_group",
             iterable=state_groups,
@@ -1065,7 +1069,7 @@ class StateBackgroundUpdateStore(
         batch_size = max(1, int(batch_size / BATCH_SIZE_SCALE_FACTOR))
 
         if max_group is None:
-            rows = yield self.execute(
+            rows = yield self.db.execute(
                 "_background_deduplicate_state",
                 None,
                 "SELECT coalesce(max(id), 0) FROM state_groups",
@@ -1135,13 +1139,13 @@ class StateBackgroundUpdateStore(
                             if prev_state.get(key, None) != value
                         }
 
-                        self.simple_delete_txn(
+                        self.db.simple_delete_txn(
                             txn,
                             table="state_group_edges",
                             keyvalues={"state_group": state_group},
                         )
 
-                        self.simple_insert_txn(
+                        self.db.simple_insert_txn(
                             txn,
                             table="state_group_edges",
                             values={
@@ -1150,13 +1154,13 @@ class StateBackgroundUpdateStore(
                             },
                         )
 
-                        self.simple_delete_txn(
+                        self.db.simple_delete_txn(
                             txn,
                             table="state_groups_state",
                             keyvalues={"state_group": state_group},
                         )
 
-                        self.simple_insert_many_txn(
+                        self.db.simple_insert_many_txn(
                             txn,
                             table="state_groups_state",
                             values=[
@@ -1183,7 +1187,7 @@ class StateBackgroundUpdateStore(
 
             return False, batch_size
 
-        finished, result = yield self.runInteraction(
+        finished, result = yield self.db.runInteraction(
             self.STATE_GROUP_DEDUPLICATION_UPDATE_NAME, reindex_txn
         )
 
@@ -1218,7 +1222,7 @@ class StateBackgroundUpdateStore(
                 )
                 txn.execute("DROP INDEX IF EXISTS state_groups_state_id")
 
-        yield self.runWithConnection(reindex_txn)
+        yield self.db.runWithConnection(reindex_txn)
 
         yield self._end_background_update(self.STATE_GROUP_INDEX_UPDATE_NAME)
 
@@ -1263,7 +1267,7 @@ class StateStore(StateGroupWorkerStore, StateBackgroundUpdateStore):
 
             state_groups[event.event_id] = context.state_group
 
-        self.simple_insert_many_txn(
+        self.db.simple_insert_many_txn(
             txn,
             table="event_to_state_groups",
             values=[
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/state_deltas.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/state_deltas.py
index 03b908026b..12c982cb26 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/state_deltas.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/state_deltas.py
@@ -98,14 +98,14 @@ class StateDeltasStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 ORDER BY stream_id ASC
             """
             txn.execute(sql, (prev_stream_id, clipped_stream_id))
-            return clipped_stream_id, self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
+            return clipped_stream_id, self.db.cursor_to_dict(txn)
 
-        return self.runInteraction(
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
             "get_current_state_deltas", get_current_state_deltas_txn
         )
 
     def _get_max_stream_id_in_current_state_deltas_txn(self, txn):
-        return self.simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
+        return self.db.simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
             txn,
             table="current_state_delta_stream",
             keyvalues={},
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ class StateDeltasStore(SQLBaseStore):
         )
 
     def get_max_stream_id_in_current_state_deltas(self):
-        return self.runInteraction(
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
             "get_max_stream_id_in_current_state_deltas",
             self._get_max_stream_id_in_current_state_deltas_txn,
         )
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/stats.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/stats.py
index 3aeba859fd..974ffc15bd 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/stats.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/stats.py
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ class StatsStore(StateDeltasStore):
             txn.execute(sql, (last_user_id, batch_size))
             return [r for r, in txn]
 
-        users_to_work_on = yield self.runInteraction(
+        users_to_work_on = yield self.db.runInteraction(
             "_populate_stats_process_users", _get_next_batch
         )
 
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ class StatsStore(StateDeltasStore):
             yield self._calculate_and_set_initial_state_for_user(user_id)
             progress["last_user_id"] = user_id
 
-        yield self.runInteraction(
+        yield self.db.runInteraction(
             "populate_stats_process_users",
             self._background_update_progress_txn,
             "populate_stats_process_users",
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ class StatsStore(StateDeltasStore):
             txn.execute(sql, (last_room_id, batch_size))
             return [r for r, in txn]
 
-        rooms_to_work_on = yield self.runInteraction(
+        rooms_to_work_on = yield self.db.runInteraction(
             "populate_stats_rooms_get_batch", _get_next_batch
         )
 
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ class StatsStore(StateDeltasStore):
             yield self._calculate_and_set_initial_state_for_room(room_id)
             progress["last_room_id"] = room_id
 
-        yield self.runInteraction(
+        yield self.db.runInteraction(
             "_populate_stats_process_rooms",
             self._background_update_progress_txn,
             "populate_stats_process_rooms",
@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ class StatsStore(StateDeltasStore):
         """
         Returns the stats processor positions.
         """
-        return self.simple_select_one_onecol(
+        return self.db.simple_select_one_onecol(
             table="stats_incremental_position",
             keyvalues={},
             retcol="stream_id",
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ class StatsStore(StateDeltasStore):
             if field and "\0" in field:
                 fields[col] = None
 
-        return self.simple_upsert(
+        return self.db.simple_upsert(
             table="room_stats_state",
             keyvalues={"room_id": room_id},
             values=fields,
@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ class StatsStore(StateDeltasStore):
             Deferred[list[dict]], where the dict has the keys of
             ABSOLUTE_STATS_FIELDS[stats_type],  and "bucket_size" and "end_ts".
         """
-        return self.runInteraction(
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
             "get_statistics_for_subject",
             self._get_statistics_for_subject_txn,
             stats_type,
@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ class StatsStore(StateDeltasStore):
             ABSOLUTE_STATS_FIELDS[stats_type] + PER_SLICE_FIELDS[stats_type]
         )
 
-        slice_list = self.simple_select_list_paginate_txn(
+        slice_list = self.db.simple_select_list_paginate_txn(
             txn,
             table + "_historical",
             {id_col: stats_id},
@@ -282,7 +282,7 @@ class StatsStore(StateDeltasStore):
                 "name", "topic", "canonical_alias", "avatar", "join_rules",
                 "history_visibility"
         """
-        return self.simple_select_one(
+        return self.db.simple_select_one(
             "room_stats_state",
             {"room_id": room_id},
             retcols=(
@@ -308,7 +308,7 @@ class StatsStore(StateDeltasStore):
         """
         table, id_col = TYPE_TO_TABLE[stats_type]
 
-        return self.simple_select_one_onecol(
+        return self.db.simple_select_one_onecol(
             "%s_current" % (table,),
             keyvalues={id_col: id},
             retcol="completed_delta_stream_id",
@@ -344,14 +344,14 @@ class StatsStore(StateDeltasStore):
                         complete_with_stream_id=stream_id,
                     )
 
-            self.simple_update_one_txn(
+            self.db.simple_update_one_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="stats_incremental_position",
                 keyvalues={},
                 updatevalues={"stream_id": stream_id},
             )
 
-        return self.runInteraction(
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
             "bulk_update_stats_delta", _bulk_update_stats_delta_txn
         )
 
@@ -382,7 +382,7 @@ class StatsStore(StateDeltasStore):
                 Does not work with per-slice fields.
         """
 
-        return self.runInteraction(
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
             "update_stats_delta",
             self._update_stats_delta_txn,
             ts,
@@ -517,17 +517,17 @@ class StatsStore(StateDeltasStore):
         else:
             self.database_engine.lock_table(txn, table)
             retcols = list(chain(absolutes.keys(), additive_relatives.keys()))
-            current_row = self.simple_select_one_txn(
+            current_row = self.db.simple_select_one_txn(
                 txn, table, keyvalues, retcols, allow_none=True
             )
             if current_row is None:
                 merged_dict = {**keyvalues, **absolutes, **additive_relatives}
-                self.simple_insert_txn(txn, table, merged_dict)
+                self.db.simple_insert_txn(txn, table, merged_dict)
             else:
                 for (key, val) in additive_relatives.items():
                     current_row[key] += val
                 current_row.update(absolutes)
-                self.simple_update_one_txn(txn, table, keyvalues, current_row)
+                self.db.simple_update_one_txn(txn, table, keyvalues, current_row)
 
     def _upsert_copy_from_table_with_additive_relatives_txn(
         self,
@@ -614,11 +614,11 @@ class StatsStore(StateDeltasStore):
             txn.execute(sql, qargs)
         else:
             self.database_engine.lock_table(txn, into_table)
-            src_row = self.simple_select_one_txn(
+            src_row = self.db.simple_select_one_txn(
                 txn, src_table, keyvalues, copy_columns
             )
             all_dest_keyvalues = {**keyvalues, **extra_dst_keyvalues}
-            dest_current_row = self.simple_select_one_txn(
+            dest_current_row = self.db.simple_select_one_txn(
                 txn,
                 into_table,
                 keyvalues=all_dest_keyvalues,
@@ -634,11 +634,11 @@ class StatsStore(StateDeltasStore):
                     **src_row,
                     **additive_relatives,
                 }
-                self.simple_insert_txn(txn, into_table, merged_dict)
+                self.db.simple_insert_txn(txn, into_table, merged_dict)
             else:
                 for (key, val) in additive_relatives.items():
                     src_row[key] = dest_current_row[key] + val
-                self.simple_update_txn(txn, into_table, all_dest_keyvalues, src_row)
+                self.db.simple_update_txn(txn, into_table, all_dest_keyvalues, src_row)
 
     def get_changes_room_total_events_and_bytes(self, min_pos, max_pos):
         """Fetches the counts of events in the given range of stream IDs.
@@ -652,7 +652,7 @@ class StatsStore(StateDeltasStore):
             changes.
         """
 
-        return self.runInteraction(
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
             "stats_incremental_total_events_and_bytes",
             self.get_changes_room_total_events_and_bytes_txn,
             min_pos,
@@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ class StatsStore(StateDeltasStore):
         def _fetch_current_state_stats(txn):
             pos = self.get_room_max_stream_ordering()
 
-            rows = self.simple_select_many_txn(
+            rows = self.db.simple_select_many_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="current_state_events",
                 column="type",
@@ -791,7 +791,7 @@ class StatsStore(StateDeltasStore):
             current_state_events_count,
             users_in_room,
             pos,
-        ) = yield self.runInteraction(
+        ) = yield self.db.runInteraction(
             "get_initial_state_for_room", _fetch_current_state_stats
         )
 
@@ -866,7 +866,7 @@ class StatsStore(StateDeltasStore):
             (count,) = txn.fetchone()
             return count, pos
 
-        joined_rooms, pos = yield self.runInteraction(
+        joined_rooms, pos = yield self.db.runInteraction(
             "calculate_and_set_initial_state_for_user",
             _calculate_and_set_initial_state_for_user_txn,
         )
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/stream.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/stream.py
index 60487c4559..2ff8c57109 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/stream.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/stream.py
@@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ class StreamWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
         super(StreamWorkerStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
 
         events_max = self.get_room_max_stream_ordering()
-        event_cache_prefill, min_event_val = self.get_cache_dict(
+        event_cache_prefill, min_event_val = self.db.get_cache_dict(
             db_conn,
             "events",
             entity_column="room_id",
@@ -400,7 +400,7 @@ class StreamWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
             rows = [_EventDictReturn(row[0], None, row[1]) for row in txn]
             return rows
 
-        rows = yield self.runInteraction("get_room_events_stream_for_room", f)
+        rows = yield self.db.runInteraction("get_room_events_stream_for_room", f)
 
         ret = yield self.get_events_as_list(
             [r.event_id for r in rows], get_prev_content=True
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ class StreamWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
 
             return rows
 
-        rows = yield self.runInteraction("get_membership_changes_for_user", f)
+        rows = yield self.db.runInteraction("get_membership_changes_for_user", f)
 
         ret = yield self.get_events_as_list(
             [r.event_id for r in rows], get_prev_content=True
@@ -511,7 +511,7 @@ class StreamWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
 
         end_token = RoomStreamToken.parse(end_token)
 
-        rows, token = yield self.runInteraction(
+        rows, token = yield self.db.runInteraction(
             "get_recent_event_ids_for_room",
             self._paginate_room_events_txn,
             room_id,
@@ -548,7 +548,7 @@ class StreamWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
             txn.execute(sql, (room_id, stream_ordering))
             return txn.fetchone()
 
-        return self.runInteraction("get_room_event_after_stream_ordering", _f)
+        return self.db.runInteraction("get_room_event_after_stream_ordering", _f)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_room_events_max_id(self, room_id=None):
@@ -562,7 +562,7 @@ class StreamWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
         if room_id is None:
             return "s%d" % (token,)
         else:
-            topo = yield self.runInteraction(
+            topo = yield self.db.runInteraction(
                 "_get_max_topological_txn", self._get_max_topological_txn, room_id
             )
             return "t%d-%d" % (topo, token)
@@ -576,7 +576,7 @@ class StreamWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
         Returns:
             A deferred "s%d" stream token.
         """
-        return self.simple_select_one_onecol(
+        return self.db.simple_select_one_onecol(
             table="events", keyvalues={"event_id": event_id}, retcol="stream_ordering"
         ).addCallback(lambda row: "s%d" % (row,))
 
@@ -589,7 +589,7 @@ class StreamWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
         Returns:
             A deferred "t%d-%d" topological token.
         """
-        return self.simple_select_one(
+        return self.db.simple_select_one(
             table="events",
             keyvalues={"event_id": event_id},
             retcols=("stream_ordering", "topological_ordering"),
@@ -613,7 +613,7 @@ class StreamWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
             "SELECT coalesce(max(topological_ordering), 0) FROM events"
             " WHERE room_id = ? AND stream_ordering < ?"
         )
-        return self.execute(
+        return self.db.execute(
             "get_max_topological_token", None, sql, room_id, stream_key
         ).addCallback(lambda r: r[0][0] if r else 0)
 
@@ -667,7 +667,7 @@ class StreamWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
             dict
         """
 
-        results = yield self.runInteraction(
+        results = yield self.db.runInteraction(
             "get_events_around",
             self._get_events_around_txn,
             room_id,
@@ -709,7 +709,7 @@ class StreamWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
             dict
         """
 
-        results = self.simple_select_one_txn(
+        results = self.db.simple_select_one_txn(
             txn,
             "events",
             keyvalues={"event_id": event_id, "room_id": room_id},
@@ -788,7 +788,7 @@ class StreamWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
 
             return upper_bound, [row[1] for row in rows]
 
-        upper_bound, event_ids = yield self.runInteraction(
+        upper_bound, event_ids = yield self.db.runInteraction(
             "get_all_new_events_stream", get_all_new_events_stream_txn
         )
 
@@ -797,7 +797,7 @@ class StreamWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
         return upper_bound, events
 
     def get_federation_out_pos(self, typ):
-        return self.simple_select_one_onecol(
+        return self.db.simple_select_one_onecol(
             table="federation_stream_position",
             retcol="stream_id",
             keyvalues={"type": typ},
@@ -805,7 +805,7 @@ class StreamWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
         )
 
     def update_federation_out_pos(self, typ, stream_id):
-        return self.simple_update_one(
+        return self.db.simple_update_one(
             table="federation_stream_position",
             keyvalues={"type": typ},
             updatevalues={"stream_id": stream_id},
@@ -956,7 +956,7 @@ class StreamWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
         if to_key:
             to_key = RoomStreamToken.parse(to_key)
 
-        rows, token = yield self.runInteraction(
+        rows, token = yield self.db.runInteraction(
             "paginate_room_events",
             self._paginate_room_events_txn,
             room_id,
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/tags.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/tags.py
index 85012403be..2aa1bafd48 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/tags.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/tags.py
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ class TagsWorkerStore(AccountDataWorkerStore):
             tag strings to tag content.
         """
 
-        deferred = self.simple_select_list(
+        deferred = self.db.simple_select_list(
             "room_tags", {"user_id": user_id}, ["room_id", "tag", "content"]
         )
 
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ class TagsWorkerStore(AccountDataWorkerStore):
             txn.execute(sql, (last_id, current_id, limit))
             return txn.fetchall()
 
-        tag_ids = yield self.runInteraction(
+        tag_ids = yield self.db.runInteraction(
             "get_all_updated_tags", get_all_updated_tags_txn
         )
 
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ class TagsWorkerStore(AccountDataWorkerStore):
         batch_size = 50
         results = []
         for i in range(0, len(tag_ids), batch_size):
-            tags = yield self.runInteraction(
+            tags = yield self.db.runInteraction(
                 "get_all_updated_tag_content",
                 get_tag_content,
                 tag_ids[i : i + batch_size],
@@ -135,7 +135,9 @@ class TagsWorkerStore(AccountDataWorkerStore):
         if not changed:
             return {}
 
-        room_ids = yield self.runInteraction("get_updated_tags", get_updated_tags_txn)
+        room_ids = yield self.db.runInteraction(
+            "get_updated_tags", get_updated_tags_txn
+        )
 
         results = {}
         if room_ids:
@@ -153,7 +155,7 @@ class TagsWorkerStore(AccountDataWorkerStore):
         Returns:
             A deferred list of string tags.
         """
-        return self.simple_select_list(
+        return self.db.simple_select_list(
             table="room_tags",
             keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "room_id": room_id},
             retcols=("tag", "content"),
@@ -178,7 +180,7 @@ class TagsStore(TagsWorkerStore):
         content_json = json.dumps(content)
 
         def add_tag_txn(txn, next_id):
-            self.simple_upsert_txn(
+            self.db.simple_upsert_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="room_tags",
                 keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "room_id": room_id, "tag": tag},
@@ -187,7 +189,7 @@ class TagsStore(TagsWorkerStore):
             self._update_revision_txn(txn, user_id, room_id, next_id)
 
         with self._account_data_id_gen.get_next() as next_id:
-            yield self.runInteraction("add_tag", add_tag_txn, next_id)
+            yield self.db.runInteraction("add_tag", add_tag_txn, next_id)
 
         self.get_tags_for_user.invalidate((user_id,))
 
@@ -210,7 +212,7 @@ class TagsStore(TagsWorkerStore):
             self._update_revision_txn(txn, user_id, room_id, next_id)
 
         with self._account_data_id_gen.get_next() as next_id:
-            yield self.runInteraction("remove_tag", remove_tag_txn, next_id)
+            yield self.db.runInteraction("remove_tag", remove_tag_txn, next_id)
 
         self.get_tags_for_user.invalidate((user_id,))
 
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/transactions.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/transactions.py
index c162f3ea16..c0d155a43c 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/transactions.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/transactions.py
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ class TransactionStore(SQLBaseStore):
             this transaction or a 2-tuple of (int, dict)
         """
 
-        return self.runInteraction(
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
             "get_received_txn_response",
             self._get_received_txn_response,
             transaction_id,
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ class TransactionStore(SQLBaseStore):
         )
 
     def _get_received_txn_response(self, txn, transaction_id, origin):
-        result = self.simple_select_one_txn(
+        result = self.db.simple_select_one_txn(
             txn,
             table="received_transactions",
             keyvalues={"transaction_id": transaction_id, "origin": origin},
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ class TransactionStore(SQLBaseStore):
             response_json (str)
         """
 
-        return self.simple_insert(
+        return self.db.simple_insert(
             table="received_transactions",
             values={
                 "transaction_id": transaction_id,
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ class TransactionStore(SQLBaseStore):
         if result is not SENTINEL:
             return result
 
-        result = yield self.runInteraction(
+        result = yield self.db.runInteraction(
             "get_destination_retry_timings",
             self._get_destination_retry_timings,
             destination,
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ class TransactionStore(SQLBaseStore):
         return result
 
     def _get_destination_retry_timings(self, txn, destination):
-        result = self.simple_select_one_txn(
+        result = self.db.simple_select_one_txn(
             txn,
             table="destinations",
             keyvalues={"destination": destination},
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ class TransactionStore(SQLBaseStore):
         """
 
         self._destination_retry_cache.pop(destination, None)
-        return self.runInteraction(
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
             "set_destination_retry_timings",
             self._set_destination_retry_timings,
             destination,
@@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ class TransactionStore(SQLBaseStore):
         # We need to be careful here as the data may have changed from under us
         # due to a worker setting the timings.
 
-        prev_row = self.simple_select_one_txn(
+        prev_row = self.db.simple_select_one_txn(
             txn,
             table="destinations",
             keyvalues={"destination": destination},
@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ class TransactionStore(SQLBaseStore):
         )
 
         if not prev_row:
-            self.simple_insert_txn(
+            self.db.simple_insert_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="destinations",
                 values={
@@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ class TransactionStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 },
             )
         elif retry_interval == 0 or prev_row["retry_interval"] < retry_interval:
-            self.simple_update_one_txn(
+            self.db.simple_update_one_txn(
                 txn,
                 "destinations",
                 keyvalues={"destination": destination},
@@ -270,4 +270,6 @@ class TransactionStore(SQLBaseStore):
         def _cleanup_transactions_txn(txn):
             txn.execute("DELETE FROM received_transactions WHERE ts < ?", (month_ago,))
 
-        return self.runInteraction("_cleanup_transactions", _cleanup_transactions_txn)
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
+            "_cleanup_transactions", _cleanup_transactions_txn
+        )
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/user_directory.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/user_directory.py
index 1a85aabbfb..7118bd62f3 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/user_directory.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/user_directory.py
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ class UserDirectoryBackgroundUpdateStore(StateDeltasStore, BackgroundUpdateStore
             """
             txn.execute(sql)
             rooms = [{"room_id": x[0], "events": x[1]} for x in txn.fetchall()]
-            self.simple_insert_many_txn(txn, TEMP_TABLE + "_rooms", rooms)
+            self.db.simple_insert_many_txn(txn, TEMP_TABLE + "_rooms", rooms)
             del rooms
 
             # If search all users is on, get all the users we want to add.
@@ -100,13 +100,13 @@ class UserDirectoryBackgroundUpdateStore(StateDeltasStore, BackgroundUpdateStore
                 txn.execute("SELECT name FROM users")
                 users = [{"user_id": x[0]} for x in txn.fetchall()]
 
-                self.simple_insert_many_txn(txn, TEMP_TABLE + "_users", users)
+                self.db.simple_insert_many_txn(txn, TEMP_TABLE + "_users", users)
 
         new_pos = yield self.get_max_stream_id_in_current_state_deltas()
-        yield self.runInteraction(
+        yield self.db.runInteraction(
             "populate_user_directory_temp_build", _make_staging_area
         )
-        yield self.simple_insert(TEMP_TABLE + "_position", {"position": new_pos})
+        yield self.db.simple_insert(TEMP_TABLE + "_position", {"position": new_pos})
 
         yield self._end_background_update("populate_user_directory_createtables")
         return 1
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ class UserDirectoryBackgroundUpdateStore(StateDeltasStore, BackgroundUpdateStore
         """
         Update the user directory stream position, then clean up the old tables.
         """
-        position = yield self.simple_select_one_onecol(
+        position = yield self.db.simple_select_one_onecol(
             TEMP_TABLE + "_position", None, "position"
         )
         yield self.update_user_directory_stream_pos(position)
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ class UserDirectoryBackgroundUpdateStore(StateDeltasStore, BackgroundUpdateStore
             txn.execute("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS " + TEMP_TABLE + "_users")
             txn.execute("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS " + TEMP_TABLE + "_position")
 
-        yield self.runInteraction(
+        yield self.db.runInteraction(
             "populate_user_directory_cleanup", _delete_staging_area
         )
 
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ class UserDirectoryBackgroundUpdateStore(StateDeltasStore, BackgroundUpdateStore
 
             return rooms_to_work_on
 
-        rooms_to_work_on = yield self.runInteraction(
+        rooms_to_work_on = yield self.db.runInteraction(
             "populate_user_directory_temp_read", _get_next_batch
         )
 
@@ -243,10 +243,10 @@ class UserDirectoryBackgroundUpdateStore(StateDeltasStore, BackgroundUpdateStore
                         to_insert.clear()
 
             # We've finished a room. Delete it from the table.
-            yield self.simple_delete_one(TEMP_TABLE + "_rooms", {"room_id": room_id})
+            yield self.db.simple_delete_one(TEMP_TABLE + "_rooms", {"room_id": room_id})
             # Update the remaining counter.
             progress["remaining"] -= 1
-            yield self.runInteraction(
+            yield self.db.runInteraction(
                 "populate_user_directory",
                 self._background_update_progress_txn,
                 "populate_user_directory_process_rooms",
@@ -291,7 +291,7 @@ class UserDirectoryBackgroundUpdateStore(StateDeltasStore, BackgroundUpdateStore
 
             return users_to_work_on
 
-        users_to_work_on = yield self.runInteraction(
+        users_to_work_on = yield self.db.runInteraction(
             "populate_user_directory_temp_read", _get_next_batch
         )
 
@@ -312,10 +312,10 @@ class UserDirectoryBackgroundUpdateStore(StateDeltasStore, BackgroundUpdateStore
             )
 
             # We've finished processing a user. Delete it from the table.
-            yield self.simple_delete_one(TEMP_TABLE + "_users", {"user_id": user_id})
+            yield self.db.simple_delete_one(TEMP_TABLE + "_users", {"user_id": user_id})
             # Update the remaining counter.
             progress["remaining"] -= 1
-            yield self.runInteraction(
+            yield self.db.runInteraction(
                 "populate_user_directory",
                 self._background_update_progress_txn,
                 "populate_user_directory_process_users",
@@ -361,7 +361,7 @@ class UserDirectoryBackgroundUpdateStore(StateDeltasStore, BackgroundUpdateStore
         """
 
         def _update_profile_in_user_dir_txn(txn):
-            new_entry = self.simple_upsert_txn(
+            new_entry = self.db.simple_upsert_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="user_directory",
                 keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
@@ -435,7 +435,7 @@ class UserDirectoryBackgroundUpdateStore(StateDeltasStore, BackgroundUpdateStore
                         )
             elif isinstance(self.database_engine, Sqlite3Engine):
                 value = "%s %s" % (user_id, display_name) if display_name else user_id
-                self.simple_upsert_txn(
+                self.db.simple_upsert_txn(
                     txn,
                     table="user_directory_search",
                     keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
@@ -448,7 +448,7 @@ class UserDirectoryBackgroundUpdateStore(StateDeltasStore, BackgroundUpdateStore
 
             txn.call_after(self.get_user_in_directory.invalidate, (user_id,))
 
-        return self.runInteraction(
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
             "update_profile_in_user_dir", _update_profile_in_user_dir_txn
         )
 
@@ -462,7 +462,7 @@ class UserDirectoryBackgroundUpdateStore(StateDeltasStore, BackgroundUpdateStore
         """
 
         def _add_users_who_share_room_txn(txn):
-            self.simple_upsert_many_txn(
+            self.db.simple_upsert_many_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="users_who_share_private_rooms",
                 key_names=["user_id", "other_user_id", "room_id"],
@@ -474,7 +474,7 @@ class UserDirectoryBackgroundUpdateStore(StateDeltasStore, BackgroundUpdateStore
                 value_values=None,
             )
 
-        return self.runInteraction(
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
             "add_users_who_share_room", _add_users_who_share_room_txn
         )
 
@@ -489,7 +489,7 @@ class UserDirectoryBackgroundUpdateStore(StateDeltasStore, BackgroundUpdateStore
 
         def _add_users_in_public_rooms_txn(txn):
 
-            self.simple_upsert_many_txn(
+            self.db.simple_upsert_many_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="users_in_public_rooms",
                 key_names=["user_id", "room_id"],
@@ -498,7 +498,7 @@ class UserDirectoryBackgroundUpdateStore(StateDeltasStore, BackgroundUpdateStore
                 value_values=None,
             )
 
-        return self.runInteraction(
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
             "add_users_in_public_rooms", _add_users_in_public_rooms_txn
         )
 
@@ -513,13 +513,13 @@ class UserDirectoryBackgroundUpdateStore(StateDeltasStore, BackgroundUpdateStore
             txn.execute("DELETE FROM users_who_share_private_rooms")
             txn.call_after(self.get_user_in_directory.invalidate_all)
 
-        return self.runInteraction(
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
             "delete_all_from_user_dir", _delete_all_from_user_dir_txn
         )
 
     @cached()
     def get_user_in_directory(self, user_id):
-        return self.simple_select_one(
+        return self.db.simple_select_one(
             table="user_directory",
             keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
             retcols=("display_name", "avatar_url"),
@@ -528,7 +528,7 @@ class UserDirectoryBackgroundUpdateStore(StateDeltasStore, BackgroundUpdateStore
         )
 
     def update_user_directory_stream_pos(self, stream_id):
-        return self.simple_update_one(
+        return self.db.simple_update_one(
             table="user_directory_stream_pos",
             keyvalues={},
             updatevalues={"stream_id": stream_id},
@@ -547,42 +547,42 @@ class UserDirectoryStore(UserDirectoryBackgroundUpdateStore):
 
     def remove_from_user_dir(self, user_id):
         def _remove_from_user_dir_txn(txn):
-            self.simple_delete_txn(
+            self.db.simple_delete_txn(
                 txn, table="user_directory", keyvalues={"user_id": user_id}
             )
-            self.simple_delete_txn(
+            self.db.simple_delete_txn(
                 txn, table="user_directory_search", keyvalues={"user_id": user_id}
             )
-            self.simple_delete_txn(
+            self.db.simple_delete_txn(
                 txn, table="users_in_public_rooms", keyvalues={"user_id": user_id}
             )
-            self.simple_delete_txn(
+            self.db.simple_delete_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="users_who_share_private_rooms",
                 keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
             )
-            self.simple_delete_txn(
+            self.db.simple_delete_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="users_who_share_private_rooms",
                 keyvalues={"other_user_id": user_id},
             )
             txn.call_after(self.get_user_in_directory.invalidate, (user_id,))
 
-        return self.runInteraction("remove_from_user_dir", _remove_from_user_dir_txn)
+        return self.db.runInteraction("remove_from_user_dir", _remove_from_user_dir_txn)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_users_in_dir_due_to_room(self, room_id):
         """Get all user_ids that are in the room directory because they're
         in the given room_id
         """
-        user_ids_share_pub = yield self.simple_select_onecol(
+        user_ids_share_pub = yield self.db.simple_select_onecol(
             table="users_in_public_rooms",
             keyvalues={"room_id": room_id},
             retcol="user_id",
             desc="get_users_in_dir_due_to_room",
         )
 
-        user_ids_share_priv = yield self.simple_select_onecol(
+        user_ids_share_priv = yield self.db.simple_select_onecol(
             table="users_who_share_private_rooms",
             keyvalues={"room_id": room_id},
             retcol="other_user_id",
@@ -605,23 +605,23 @@ class UserDirectoryStore(UserDirectoryBackgroundUpdateStore):
         """
 
         def _remove_user_who_share_room_txn(txn):
-            self.simple_delete_txn(
+            self.db.simple_delete_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="users_who_share_private_rooms",
                 keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "room_id": room_id},
             )
-            self.simple_delete_txn(
+            self.db.simple_delete_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="users_who_share_private_rooms",
                 keyvalues={"other_user_id": user_id, "room_id": room_id},
             )
-            self.simple_delete_txn(
+            self.db.simple_delete_txn(
                 txn,
                 table="users_in_public_rooms",
                 keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "room_id": room_id},
             )
 
-        return self.runInteraction(
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
             "remove_user_who_share_room", _remove_user_who_share_room_txn
         )
 
@@ -636,14 +636,14 @@ class UserDirectoryStore(UserDirectoryBackgroundUpdateStore):
         Returns:
             list: user_id
         """
-        rows = yield self.simple_select_onecol(
+        rows = yield self.db.simple_select_onecol(
             table="users_who_share_private_rooms",
             keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
             retcol="room_id",
             desc="get_rooms_user_is_in",
         )
 
-        pub_rows = yield self.simple_select_onecol(
+        pub_rows = yield self.db.simple_select_onecol(
             table="users_in_public_rooms",
             keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
             retcol="room_id",
@@ -674,14 +674,14 @@ class UserDirectoryStore(UserDirectoryBackgroundUpdateStore):
             ) f2 USING (room_id)
         """
 
-        rows = yield self.execute(
+        rows = yield self.db.execute(
             "get_rooms_in_common_for_users", None, sql, user_id, other_user_id
         )
 
         return [room_id for room_id, in rows]
 
     def get_user_directory_stream_pos(self):
-        return self.simple_select_one_onecol(
+        return self.db.simple_select_one_onecol(
             table="user_directory_stream_pos",
             keyvalues={},
             retcol="stream_id",
@@ -786,7 +786,9 @@ class UserDirectoryStore(UserDirectoryBackgroundUpdateStore):
             # This should be unreachable.
             raise Exception("Unrecognized database engine")
 
-        results = yield self.execute("search_user_dir", self.cursor_to_dict, sql, *args)
+        results = yield self.db.execute(
+            "search_user_dir", self.db.cursor_to_dict, sql, *args
+        )
 
         limited = len(results) > limit
 
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/user_erasure_store.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/user_erasure_store.py
index 37860af070..af8025bc17 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/user_erasure_store.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/user_erasure_store.py
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ class UserErasureWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         Returns:
             Deferred[bool]: True if the user has requested erasure
         """
-        return self.simple_select_onecol(
+        return self.db.simple_select_onecol(
             table="erased_users",
             keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
             retcol="1",
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ class UserErasureWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         # iterate it multiple times, and (b) avoiding duplicates.
         user_ids = tuple(set(user_ids))
 
-        rows = yield self.simple_select_many_batch(
+        rows = yield self.db.simple_select_many_batch(
             table="erased_users",
             column="user_id",
             iterable=user_ids,
@@ -88,4 +88,4 @@ class UserErasureStore(UserErasureWorkerStore):
 
             self._invalidate_cache_and_stream(txn, self.is_user_erased, (user_id,))
 
-        return self.runInteraction("mark_user_erased", f)
+        return self.db.runInteraction("mark_user_erased", f)
diff --git a/synapse/storage/database.py b/synapse/storage/database.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c2e121a001
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/database.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1485 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+# Copyright 2017-2018 New Vector Ltd
+# Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+import logging
+import random
+import sys
+import time
+from typing import Iterable, Tuple
+
+from six import iteritems, iterkeys, itervalues
+from six.moves import intern, range
+
+from prometheus_client import Histogram
+
+from twisted.internet import defer
+
+from synapse.api.errors import StoreError
+from synapse.logging.context import LoggingContext, make_deferred_yieldable
+from synapse.metrics.background_process_metrics import run_as_background_process
+from synapse.storage.engines import PostgresEngine, Sqlite3Engine
+from synapse.util.stringutils import exception_to_unicode
+
+# import a function which will return a monotonic time, in seconds
+try:
+    # on python 3, use time.monotonic, since time.clock can go backwards
+    from time import monotonic as monotonic_time
+except ImportError:
+    # ... but python 2 doesn't have it
+    from time import clock as monotonic_time
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+try:
+    MAX_TXN_ID = sys.maxint - 1
+except AttributeError:
+    # python 3 does not have a maximum int value
+    MAX_TXN_ID = 2 ** 63 - 1
+
+sql_logger = logging.getLogger("synapse.storage.SQL")
+transaction_logger = logging.getLogger("synapse.storage.txn")
+perf_logger = logging.getLogger("synapse.storage.TIME")
+
+sql_scheduling_timer = Histogram("synapse_storage_schedule_time", "sec")
+
+sql_query_timer = Histogram("synapse_storage_query_time", "sec", ["verb"])
+sql_txn_timer = Histogram("synapse_storage_transaction_time", "sec", ["desc"])
+
+
+# Unique indexes which have been added in background updates. Maps from table name
+# to the name of the background update which added the unique index to that table.
+#
+# This is used by the upsert logic to figure out which tables are safe to do a proper
+# UPSERT on: until the relevant background update has completed, we
+# have to emulate an upsert by locking the table.
+#
+UNIQUE_INDEX_BACKGROUND_UPDATES = {
+    "user_ips": "user_ips_device_unique_index",
+    "device_lists_remote_extremeties": "device_lists_remote_extremeties_unique_idx",
+    "device_lists_remote_cache": "device_lists_remote_cache_unique_idx",
+    "event_search": "event_search_event_id_idx",
+}
+
+
+class LoggingTransaction(object):
+    """An object that almost-transparently proxies for the 'txn' object
+    passed to the constructor. Adds logging and metrics to the .execute()
+    method.
+
+    Args:
+        txn: The database transcation object to wrap.
+        name (str): The name of this transactions for logging.
+        database_engine (Sqlite3Engine|PostgresEngine)
+        after_callbacks(list|None): A list that callbacks will be appended to
+            that have been added by `call_after` which should be run on
+            successful completion of the transaction. None indicates that no
+            callbacks should be allowed to be scheduled to run.
+        exception_callbacks(list|None): A list that callbacks will be appended
+            to that have been added by `call_on_exception` which should be run
+            if transaction ends with an error. None indicates that no callbacks
+            should be allowed to be scheduled to run.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = [
+        "txn",
+        "name",
+        "database_engine",
+        "after_callbacks",
+        "exception_callbacks",
+    ]
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, txn, name, database_engine, after_callbacks=None, exception_callbacks=None
+    ):
+        object.__setattr__(self, "txn", txn)
+        object.__setattr__(self, "name", name)
+        object.__setattr__(self, "database_engine", database_engine)
+        object.__setattr__(self, "after_callbacks", after_callbacks)
+        object.__setattr__(self, "exception_callbacks", exception_callbacks)
+
+    def call_after(self, callback, *args, **kwargs):
+        """Call the given callback on the main twisted thread after the
+        transaction has finished. Used to invalidate the caches on the
+        correct thread.
+        """
+        self.after_callbacks.append((callback, args, kwargs))
+
+    def call_on_exception(self, callback, *args, **kwargs):
+        self.exception_callbacks.append((callback, args, kwargs))
+
+    def __getattr__(self, name):
+        return getattr(self.txn, name)
+
+    def __setattr__(self, name, value):
+        setattr(self.txn, name, value)
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        return self.txn.__iter__()
+
+    def execute_batch(self, sql, args):
+        if isinstance(self.database_engine, PostgresEngine):
+            from psycopg2.extras import execute_batch
+
+            self._do_execute(lambda *x: execute_batch(self.txn, *x), sql, args)
+        else:
+            for val in args:
+                self.execute(sql, val)
+
+    def execute(self, sql, *args):
+        self._do_execute(self.txn.execute, sql, *args)
+
+    def executemany(self, sql, *args):
+        self._do_execute(self.txn.executemany, sql, *args)
+
+    def _make_sql_one_line(self, sql):
+        "Strip newlines out of SQL so that the loggers in the DB are on one line"
+        return " ".join(l.strip() for l in sql.splitlines() if l.strip())
+
+    def _do_execute(self, func, sql, *args):
+        sql = self._make_sql_one_line(sql)
+
+        # TODO(paul): Maybe use 'info' and 'debug' for values?
+        sql_logger.debug("[SQL] {%s} %s", self.name, sql)
+
+        sql = self.database_engine.convert_param_style(sql)
+        if args:
+            try:
+                sql_logger.debug("[SQL values] {%s} %r", self.name, args[0])
+            except Exception:
+                # Don't let logging failures stop SQL from working
+                pass
+
+        start = time.time()
+
+        try:
+            return func(sql, *args)
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.debug("[SQL FAIL] {%s} %s", self.name, e)
+            raise
+        finally:
+            secs = time.time() - start
+            sql_logger.debug("[SQL time] {%s} %f sec", self.name, secs)
+            sql_query_timer.labels(sql.split()[0]).observe(secs)
+
+
+class PerformanceCounters(object):
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.current_counters = {}
+        self.previous_counters = {}
+
+    def update(self, key, duration_secs):
+        count, cum_time = self.current_counters.get(key, (0, 0))
+        count += 1
+        cum_time += duration_secs
+        self.current_counters[key] = (count, cum_time)
+
+    def interval(self, interval_duration_secs, limit=3):
+        counters = []
+        for name, (count, cum_time) in iteritems(self.current_counters):
+            prev_count, prev_time = self.previous_counters.get(name, (0, 0))
+            counters.append(
+                (
+                    (cum_time - prev_time) / interval_duration_secs,
+                    count - prev_count,
+                    name,
+                )
+            )
+
+        self.previous_counters = dict(self.current_counters)
+
+        counters.sort(reverse=True)
+
+        top_n_counters = ", ".join(
+            "%s(%d): %.3f%%" % (name, count, 100 * ratio)
+            for ratio, count, name in counters[:limit]
+        )
+
+        return top_n_counters
+
+
+class Database(object):
+    _TXN_ID = 0
+
+    def __init__(self, hs):
+        self.hs = hs
+        self._clock = hs.get_clock()
+        self._db_pool = hs.get_db_pool()
+
+        self._previous_txn_total_time = 0
+        self._current_txn_total_time = 0
+        self._previous_loop_ts = 0
+
+        # TODO(paul): These can eventually be removed once the metrics code
+        #   is running in mainline, and we have some nice monitoring frontends
+        #   to watch it
+        self._txn_perf_counters = PerformanceCounters()
+
+        self.database_engine = hs.database_engine
+
+        # A set of tables that are not safe to use native upserts in.
+        self._unsafe_to_upsert_tables = set(UNIQUE_INDEX_BACKGROUND_UPDATES.keys())
+
+        # We add the user_directory_search table to the blacklist on SQLite
+        # because the existing search table does not have an index, making it
+        # unsafe to use native upserts.
+        if isinstance(self.database_engine, Sqlite3Engine):
+            self._unsafe_to_upsert_tables.add("user_directory_search")
+
+        if self.database_engine.can_native_upsert:
+            # Check ASAP (and then later, every 1s) to see if we have finished
+            # background updates of tables that aren't safe to update.
+            self._clock.call_later(
+                0.0,
+                run_as_background_process,
+                "upsert_safety_check",
+                self._check_safe_to_upsert,
+            )
+
+        self.rand = random.SystemRandom()
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def _check_safe_to_upsert(self):
+        """
+        Is it safe to use native UPSERT?
+
+        If there are background updates, we will need to wait, as they may be
+        the addition of indexes that set the UNIQUE constraint that we require.
+
+        If the background updates have not completed, wait 15 sec and check again.
+        """
+        updates = yield self.simple_select_list(
+            "background_updates",
+            keyvalues=None,
+            retcols=["update_name"],
+            desc="check_background_updates",
+        )
+        updates = [x["update_name"] for x in updates]
+
+        for table, update_name in UNIQUE_INDEX_BACKGROUND_UPDATES.items():
+            if update_name not in updates:
+                logger.debug("Now safe to upsert in %s", table)
+                self._unsafe_to_upsert_tables.discard(table)
+
+        # If there's any updates still running, reschedule to run.
+        if updates:
+            self._clock.call_later(
+                15.0,
+                run_as_background_process,
+                "upsert_safety_check",
+                self._check_safe_to_upsert,
+            )
+
+    def start_profiling(self):
+        self._previous_loop_ts = monotonic_time()
+
+        def loop():
+            curr = self._current_txn_total_time
+            prev = self._previous_txn_total_time
+            self._previous_txn_total_time = curr
+
+            time_now = monotonic_time()
+            time_then = self._previous_loop_ts
+            self._previous_loop_ts = time_now
+
+            duration = time_now - time_then
+            ratio = (curr - prev) / duration
+
+            top_three_counters = self._txn_perf_counters.interval(duration, limit=3)
+
+            perf_logger.info(
+                "Total database time: %.3f%% {%s}", ratio * 100, top_three_counters
+            )
+
+        self._clock.looping_call(loop, 10000)
+
+    def new_transaction(
+        self, conn, desc, after_callbacks, exception_callbacks, func, *args, **kwargs
+    ):
+        start = monotonic_time()
+        txn_id = self._TXN_ID
+
+        # We don't really need these to be unique, so lets stop it from
+        # growing really large.
+        self._TXN_ID = (self._TXN_ID + 1) % (MAX_TXN_ID)
+
+        name = "%s-%x" % (desc, txn_id)
+
+        transaction_logger.debug("[TXN START] {%s}", name)
+
+        try:
+            i = 0
+            N = 5
+            while True:
+                cursor = LoggingTransaction(
+                    conn.cursor(),
+                    name,
+                    self.database_engine,
+                    after_callbacks,
+                    exception_callbacks,
+                )
+                try:
+                    r = func(cursor, *args, **kwargs)
+                    conn.commit()
+                    return r
+                except self.database_engine.module.OperationalError as e:
+                    # This can happen if the database disappears mid
+                    # transaction.
+                    logger.warning(
+                        "[TXN OPERROR] {%s} %s %d/%d",
+                        name,
+                        exception_to_unicode(e),
+                        i,
+                        N,
+                    )
+                    if i < N:
+                        i += 1
+                        try:
+                            conn.rollback()
+                        except self.database_engine.module.Error as e1:
+                            logger.warning(
+                                "[TXN EROLL] {%s} %s", name, exception_to_unicode(e1)
+                            )
+                        continue
+                    raise
+                except self.database_engine.module.DatabaseError as e:
+                    if self.database_engine.is_deadlock(e):
+                        logger.warning("[TXN DEADLOCK] {%s} %d/%d", name, i, N)
+                        if i < N:
+                            i += 1
+                            try:
+                                conn.rollback()
+                            except self.database_engine.module.Error as e1:
+                                logger.warning(
+                                    "[TXN EROLL] {%s} %s",
+                                    name,
+                                    exception_to_unicode(e1),
+                                )
+                            continue
+                    raise
+                finally:
+                    # we're either about to retry with a new cursor, or we're about to
+                    # release the connection. Once we release the connection, it could
+                    # get used for another query, which might do a conn.rollback().
+                    #
+                    # In the latter case, even though that probably wouldn't affect the
+                    # results of this transaction, python's sqlite will reset all
+                    # statements on the connection [1], which will make our cursor
+                    # invalid [2].
+                    #
+                    # In any case, continuing to read rows after commit()ing seems
+                    # dubious from the PoV of ACID transactional semantics
+                    # (sqlite explicitly says that once you commit, you may see rows
+                    # from subsequent updates.)
+                    #
+                    # In psycopg2, cursors are essentially a client-side fabrication -
+                    # all the data is transferred to the client side when the statement
+                    # finishes executing - so in theory we could go on streaming results
+                    # from the cursor, but attempting to do so would make us
+                    # incompatible with sqlite, so let's make sure we're not doing that
+                    # by closing the cursor.
+                    #
+                    # (*named* cursors in psycopg2 are different and are proper server-
+                    # side things, but (a) we don't use them and (b) they are implicitly
+                    # closed by ending the transaction anyway.)
+                    #
+                    # In short, if we haven't finished with the cursor yet, that's a
+                    # problem waiting to bite us.
+                    #
+                    # TL;DR: we're done with the cursor, so we can close it.
+                    #
+                    # [1]: https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/v3.8.0/Modules/_sqlite/connection.c#L465
+                    # [2]: https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/v3.8.0/Modules/_sqlite/cursor.c#L236
+                    cursor.close()
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.debug("[TXN FAIL] {%s} %s", name, e)
+            raise
+        finally:
+            end = monotonic_time()
+            duration = end - start
+
+            LoggingContext.current_context().add_database_transaction(duration)
+
+            transaction_logger.debug("[TXN END] {%s} %f sec", name, duration)
+
+            self._current_txn_total_time += duration
+            self._txn_perf_counters.update(desc, duration)
+            sql_txn_timer.labels(desc).observe(duration)
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def runInteraction(self, desc, func, *args, **kwargs):
+        """Starts a transaction on the database and runs a given function
+
+        Arguments:
+            desc (str): description of the transaction, for logging and metrics
+            func (func): callback function, which will be called with a
+                database transaction (twisted.enterprise.adbapi.Transaction) as
+                its first argument, followed by `args` and `kwargs`.
+
+            args (list): positional args to pass to `func`
+            kwargs (dict): named args to pass to `func`
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred: The result of func
+        """
+        after_callbacks = []
+        exception_callbacks = []
+
+        if LoggingContext.current_context() == LoggingContext.sentinel:
+            logger.warning("Starting db txn '%s' from sentinel context", desc)
+
+        try:
+            result = yield self.runWithConnection(
+                self.new_transaction,
+                desc,
+                after_callbacks,
+                exception_callbacks,
+                func,
+                *args,
+                **kwargs
+            )
+
+            for after_callback, after_args, after_kwargs in after_callbacks:
+                after_callback(*after_args, **after_kwargs)
+        except:  # noqa: E722, as we reraise the exception this is fine.
+            for after_callback, after_args, after_kwargs in exception_callbacks:
+                after_callback(*after_args, **after_kwargs)
+            raise
+
+        return result
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def runWithConnection(self, func, *args, **kwargs):
+        """Wraps the .runWithConnection() method on the underlying db_pool.
+
+        Arguments:
+            func (func): callback function, which will be called with a
+                database connection (twisted.enterprise.adbapi.Connection) as
+                its first argument, followed by `args` and `kwargs`.
+            args (list): positional args to pass to `func`
+            kwargs (dict): named args to pass to `func`
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred: The result of func
+        """
+        parent_context = LoggingContext.current_context()
+        if parent_context == LoggingContext.sentinel:
+            logger.warning(
+                "Starting db connection from sentinel context: metrics will be lost"
+            )
+            parent_context = None
+
+        start_time = monotonic_time()
+
+        def inner_func(conn, *args, **kwargs):
+            with LoggingContext("runWithConnection", parent_context) as context:
+                sched_duration_sec = monotonic_time() - start_time
+                sql_scheduling_timer.observe(sched_duration_sec)
+                context.add_database_scheduled(sched_duration_sec)
+
+                if self.database_engine.is_connection_closed(conn):
+                    logger.debug("Reconnecting closed database connection")
+                    conn.reconnect()
+
+                return func(conn, *args, **kwargs)
+
+        result = yield make_deferred_yieldable(
+            self._db_pool.runWithConnection(inner_func, *args, **kwargs)
+        )
+
+        return result
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def cursor_to_dict(cursor):
+        """Converts a SQL cursor into an list of dicts.
+
+        Args:
+            cursor : The DBAPI cursor which has executed a query.
+        Returns:
+            A list of dicts where the key is the column header.
+        """
+        col_headers = list(intern(str(column[0])) for column in cursor.description)
+        results = list(dict(zip(col_headers, row)) for row in cursor)
+        return results
+
+    def execute(self, desc, decoder, query, *args):
+        """Runs a single query for a result set.
+
+        Args:
+            decoder - The function which can resolve the cursor results to
+                something meaningful.
+            query - The query string to execute
+            *args - Query args.
+        Returns:
+            The result of decoder(results)
+        """
+
+        def interaction(txn):
+            txn.execute(query, args)
+            if decoder:
+                return decoder(txn)
+            else:
+                return txn.fetchall()
+
+        return self.runInteraction(desc, interaction)
+
+    # "Simple" SQL API methods that operate on a single table with no JOINs,
+    # no complex WHERE clauses, just a dict of values for columns.
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def simple_insert(self, table, values, or_ignore=False, desc="simple_insert"):
+        """Executes an INSERT query on the named table.
+
+        Args:
+            table : string giving the table name
+            values : dict of new column names and values for them
+            or_ignore : bool stating whether an exception should be raised
+                when a conflicting row already exists. If True, False will be
+                returned by the function instead
+            desc : string giving a description of the transaction
+
+        Returns:
+            bool: Whether the row was inserted or not. Only useful when
+            `or_ignore` is True
+        """
+        try:
+            yield self.runInteraction(desc, self.simple_insert_txn, table, values)
+        except self.database_engine.module.IntegrityError:
+            # We have to do or_ignore flag at this layer, since we can't reuse
+            # a cursor after we receive an error from the db.
+            if not or_ignore:
+                raise
+            return False
+        return True
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def simple_insert_txn(txn, table, values):
+        keys, vals = zip(*values.items())
+
+        sql = "INSERT INTO %s (%s) VALUES(%s)" % (
+            table,
+            ", ".join(k for k in keys),
+            ", ".join("?" for _ in keys),
+        )
+
+        txn.execute(sql, vals)
+
+    def simple_insert_many(self, table, values, desc):
+        return self.runInteraction(desc, self.simple_insert_many_txn, table, values)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def simple_insert_many_txn(txn, table, values):
+        if not values:
+            return
+
+        # This is a *slight* abomination to get a list of tuples of key names
+        # and a list of tuples of value names.
+        #
+        # i.e. [{"a": 1, "b": 2}, {"c": 3, "d": 4}]
+        #         => [("a", "b",), ("c", "d",)] and [(1, 2,), (3, 4,)]
+        #
+        # The sort is to ensure that we don't rely on dictionary iteration
+        # order.
+        keys, vals = zip(
+            *[zip(*(sorted(i.items(), key=lambda kv: kv[0]))) for i in values if i]
+        )
+
+        for k in keys:
+            if k != keys[0]:
+                raise RuntimeError("All items must have the same keys")
+
+        sql = "INSERT INTO %s (%s) VALUES(%s)" % (
+            table,
+            ", ".join(k for k in keys[0]),
+            ", ".join("?" for _ in keys[0]),
+        )
+
+        txn.executemany(sql, vals)
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def simple_upsert(
+        self,
+        table,
+        keyvalues,
+        values,
+        insertion_values={},
+        desc="simple_upsert",
+        lock=True,
+    ):
+        """
+
+        `lock` should generally be set to True (the default), but can be set
+        to False if either of the following are true:
+
+        * there is a UNIQUE INDEX on the key columns. In this case a conflict
+          will cause an IntegrityError in which case this function will retry
+          the update.
+
+        * we somehow know that we are the only thread which will be updating
+          this table.
+
+        Args:
+            table (str): The table to upsert into
+            keyvalues (dict): The unique key columns and their new values
+            values (dict): The nonunique columns and their new values
+            insertion_values (dict): additional key/values to use only when
+                inserting
+            lock (bool): True to lock the table when doing the upsert.
+        Returns:
+            Deferred(None or bool): Native upserts always return None. Emulated
+            upserts return True if a new entry was created, False if an existing
+            one was updated.
+        """
+        attempts = 0
+        while True:
+            try:
+                result = yield self.runInteraction(
+                    desc,
+                    self.simple_upsert_txn,
+                    table,
+                    keyvalues,
+                    values,
+                    insertion_values,
+                    lock=lock,
+                )
+                return result
+            except self.database_engine.module.IntegrityError as e:
+                attempts += 1
+                if attempts >= 5:
+                    # don't retry forever, because things other than races
+                    # can cause IntegrityErrors
+                    raise
+
+                # presumably we raced with another transaction: let's retry.
+                logger.warning(
+                    "IntegrityError when upserting into %s; retrying: %s", table, e
+                )
+
+    def simple_upsert_txn(
+        self, txn, table, keyvalues, values, insertion_values={}, lock=True
+    ):
+        """
+        Pick the UPSERT method which works best on the platform. Either the
+        native one (Pg9.5+, recent SQLites), or fall back to an emulated method.
+
+        Args:
+            txn: The transaction to use.
+            table (str): The table to upsert into
+            keyvalues (dict): The unique key tables and their new values
+            values (dict): The nonunique columns and their new values
+            insertion_values (dict): additional key/values to use only when
+                inserting
+            lock (bool): True to lock the table when doing the upsert.
+        Returns:
+            None or bool: Native upserts always return None. Emulated
+            upserts return True if a new entry was created, False if an existing
+            one was updated.
+        """
+        if (
+            self.database_engine.can_native_upsert
+            and table not in self._unsafe_to_upsert_tables
+        ):
+            return self.simple_upsert_txn_native_upsert(
+                txn, table, keyvalues, values, insertion_values=insertion_values
+            )
+        else:
+            return self.simple_upsert_txn_emulated(
+                txn,
+                table,
+                keyvalues,
+                values,
+                insertion_values=insertion_values,
+                lock=lock,
+            )
+
+    def simple_upsert_txn_emulated(
+        self, txn, table, keyvalues, values, insertion_values={}, lock=True
+    ):
+        """
+        Args:
+            table (str): The table to upsert into
+            keyvalues (dict): The unique key tables and their new values
+            values (dict): The nonunique columns and their new values
+            insertion_values (dict): additional key/values to use only when
+                inserting
+            lock (bool): True to lock the table when doing the upsert.
+        Returns:
+            bool: Return True if a new entry was created, False if an existing
+            one was updated.
+        """
+        # We need to lock the table :(, unless we're *really* careful
+        if lock:
+            self.database_engine.lock_table(txn, table)
+
+        def _getwhere(key):
+            # If the value we're passing in is None (aka NULL), we need to use
+            # IS, not =, as NULL = NULL equals NULL (False).
+            if keyvalues[key] is None:
+                return "%s IS ?" % (key,)
+            else:
+                return "%s = ?" % (key,)
+
+        if not values:
+            # If `values` is empty, then all of the values we care about are in
+            # the unique key, so there is nothing to UPDATE. We can just do a
+            # SELECT instead to see if it exists.
+            sql = "SELECT 1 FROM %s WHERE %s" % (
+                table,
+                " AND ".join(_getwhere(k) for k in keyvalues),
+            )
+            sqlargs = list(keyvalues.values())
+            txn.execute(sql, sqlargs)
+            if txn.fetchall():
+                # We have an existing record.
+                return False
+        else:
+            # First try to update.
+            sql = "UPDATE %s SET %s WHERE %s" % (
+                table,
+                ", ".join("%s = ?" % (k,) for k in values),
+                " AND ".join(_getwhere(k) for k in keyvalues),
+            )
+            sqlargs = list(values.values()) + list(keyvalues.values())
+
+            txn.execute(sql, sqlargs)
+            if txn.rowcount > 0:
+                # successfully updated at least one row.
+                return False
+
+        # We didn't find any existing rows, so insert a new one
+        allvalues = {}
+        allvalues.update(keyvalues)
+        allvalues.update(values)
+        allvalues.update(insertion_values)
+
+        sql = "INSERT INTO %s (%s) VALUES (%s)" % (
+            table,
+            ", ".join(k for k in allvalues),
+            ", ".join("?" for _ in allvalues),
+        )
+        txn.execute(sql, list(allvalues.values()))
+        # successfully inserted
+        return True
+
+    def simple_upsert_txn_native_upsert(
+        self, txn, table, keyvalues, values, insertion_values={}
+    ):
+        """
+        Use the native UPSERT functionality in recent PostgreSQL versions.
+
+        Args:
+            table (str): The table to upsert into
+            keyvalues (dict): The unique key tables and their new values
+            values (dict): The nonunique columns and their new values
+            insertion_values (dict): additional key/values to use only when
+                inserting
+        Returns:
+            None
+        """
+        allvalues = {}
+        allvalues.update(keyvalues)
+        allvalues.update(insertion_values)
+
+        if not values:
+            latter = "NOTHING"
+        else:
+            allvalues.update(values)
+            latter = "UPDATE SET " + ", ".join(k + "=EXCLUDED." + k for k in values)
+
+        sql = ("INSERT INTO %s (%s) VALUES (%s) ON CONFLICT (%s) DO %s") % (
+            table,
+            ", ".join(k for k in allvalues),
+            ", ".join("?" for _ in allvalues),
+            ", ".join(k for k in keyvalues),
+            latter,
+        )
+        txn.execute(sql, list(allvalues.values()))
+
+    def simple_upsert_many_txn(
+        self, txn, table, key_names, key_values, value_names, value_values
+    ):
+        """
+        Upsert, many times.
+
+        Args:
+            table (str): The table to upsert into
+            key_names (list[str]): The key column names.
+            key_values (list[list]): A list of each row's key column values.
+            value_names (list[str]): The value column names. If empty, no
+                values will be used, even if value_values is provided.
+            value_values (list[list]): A list of each row's value column values.
+        Returns:
+            None
+        """
+        if (
+            self.database_engine.can_native_upsert
+            and table not in self._unsafe_to_upsert_tables
+        ):
+            return self.simple_upsert_many_txn_native_upsert(
+                txn, table, key_names, key_values, value_names, value_values
+            )
+        else:
+            return self.simple_upsert_many_txn_emulated(
+                txn, table, key_names, key_values, value_names, value_values
+            )
+
+    def simple_upsert_many_txn_emulated(
+        self, txn, table, key_names, key_values, value_names, value_values
+    ):
+        """
+        Upsert, many times, but without native UPSERT support or batching.
+
+        Args:
+            table (str): The table to upsert into
+            key_names (list[str]): The key column names.
+            key_values (list[list]): A list of each row's key column values.
+            value_names (list[str]): The value column names. If empty, no
+                values will be used, even if value_values is provided.
+            value_values (list[list]): A list of each row's value column values.
+        Returns:
+            None
+        """
+        # No value columns, therefore make a blank list so that the following
+        # zip() works correctly.
+        if not value_names:
+            value_values = [() for x in range(len(key_values))]
+
+        for keyv, valv in zip(key_values, value_values):
+            _keys = {x: y for x, y in zip(key_names, keyv)}
+            _vals = {x: y for x, y in zip(value_names, valv)}
+
+            self.simple_upsert_txn_emulated(txn, table, _keys, _vals)
+
+    def simple_upsert_many_txn_native_upsert(
+        self, txn, table, key_names, key_values, value_names, value_values
+    ):
+        """
+        Upsert, many times, using batching where possible.
+
+        Args:
+            table (str): The table to upsert into
+            key_names (list[str]): The key column names.
+            key_values (list[list]): A list of each row's key column values.
+            value_names (list[str]): The value column names. If empty, no
+                values will be used, even if value_values is provided.
+            value_values (list[list]): A list of each row's value column values.
+        Returns:
+            None
+        """
+        allnames = []
+        allnames.extend(key_names)
+        allnames.extend(value_names)
+
+        if not value_names:
+            # No value columns, therefore make a blank list so that the
+            # following zip() works correctly.
+            latter = "NOTHING"
+            value_values = [() for x in range(len(key_values))]
+        else:
+            latter = "UPDATE SET " + ", ".join(
+                k + "=EXCLUDED." + k for k in value_names
+            )
+
+        sql = "INSERT INTO %s (%s) VALUES (%s) ON CONFLICT (%s) DO %s" % (
+            table,
+            ", ".join(k for k in allnames),
+            ", ".join("?" for _ in allnames),
+            ", ".join(key_names),
+            latter,
+        )
+
+        args = []
+
+        for x, y in zip(key_values, value_values):
+            args.append(tuple(x) + tuple(y))
+
+        return txn.execute_batch(sql, args)
+
+    def simple_select_one(
+        self, table, keyvalues, retcols, allow_none=False, desc="simple_select_one"
+    ):
+        """Executes a SELECT query on the named table, which is expected to
+        return a single row, returning multiple columns from it.
+
+        Args:
+            table : string giving the table name
+            keyvalues : dict of column names and values to select the row with
+            retcols : list of strings giving the names of the columns to return
+
+            allow_none : If true, return None instead of failing if the SELECT
+              statement returns no rows
+        """
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            desc, self.simple_select_one_txn, table, keyvalues, retcols, allow_none
+        )
+
+    def simple_select_one_onecol(
+        self,
+        table,
+        keyvalues,
+        retcol,
+        allow_none=False,
+        desc="simple_select_one_onecol",
+    ):
+        """Executes a SELECT query on the named table, which is expected to
+        return a single row, returning a single column from it.
+
+        Args:
+            table : string giving the table name
+            keyvalues : dict of column names and values to select the row with
+            retcol : string giving the name of the column to return
+        """
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            desc,
+            self.simple_select_one_onecol_txn,
+            table,
+            keyvalues,
+            retcol,
+            allow_none=allow_none,
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def simple_select_one_onecol_txn(
+        cls, txn, table, keyvalues, retcol, allow_none=False
+    ):
+        ret = cls.simple_select_onecol_txn(
+            txn, table=table, keyvalues=keyvalues, retcol=retcol
+        )
+
+        if ret:
+            return ret[0]
+        else:
+            if allow_none:
+                return None
+            else:
+                raise StoreError(404, "No row found")
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def simple_select_onecol_txn(txn, table, keyvalues, retcol):
+        sql = ("SELECT %(retcol)s FROM %(table)s") % {"retcol": retcol, "table": table}
+
+        if keyvalues:
+            sql += " WHERE %s" % " AND ".join("%s = ?" % k for k in iterkeys(keyvalues))
+            txn.execute(sql, list(keyvalues.values()))
+        else:
+            txn.execute(sql)
+
+        return [r[0] for r in txn]
+
+    def simple_select_onecol(
+        self, table, keyvalues, retcol, desc="simple_select_onecol"
+    ):
+        """Executes a SELECT query on the named table, which returns a list
+        comprising of the values of the named column from the selected rows.
+
+        Args:
+            table (str): table name
+            keyvalues (dict|None): column names and values to select the rows with
+            retcol (str): column whos value we wish to retrieve.
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred: Results in a list
+        """
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            desc, self.simple_select_onecol_txn, table, keyvalues, retcol
+        )
+
+    def simple_select_list(self, table, keyvalues, retcols, desc="simple_select_list"):
+        """Executes a SELECT query on the named table, which may return zero or
+        more rows, returning the result as a list of dicts.
+
+        Args:
+            table (str): the table name
+            keyvalues (dict[str, Any] | None):
+                column names and values to select the rows with, or None to not
+                apply a WHERE clause.
+            retcols (iterable[str]): the names of the columns to return
+        Returns:
+            defer.Deferred: resolves to list[dict[str, Any]]
+        """
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            desc, self.simple_select_list_txn, table, keyvalues, retcols
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def simple_select_list_txn(cls, txn, table, keyvalues, retcols):
+        """Executes a SELECT query on the named table, which may return zero or
+        more rows, returning the result as a list of dicts.
+
+        Args:
+            txn : Transaction object
+            table (str): the table name
+            keyvalues (dict[str, T] | None):
+                column names and values to select the rows with, or None to not
+                apply a WHERE clause.
+            retcols (iterable[str]): the names of the columns to return
+        """
+        if keyvalues:
+            sql = "SELECT %s FROM %s WHERE %s" % (
+                ", ".join(retcols),
+                table,
+                " AND ".join("%s = ?" % (k,) for k in keyvalues),
+            )
+            txn.execute(sql, list(keyvalues.values()))
+        else:
+            sql = "SELECT %s FROM %s" % (", ".join(retcols), table)
+            txn.execute(sql)
+
+        return cls.cursor_to_dict(txn)
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def simple_select_many_batch(
+        self,
+        table,
+        column,
+        iterable,
+        retcols,
+        keyvalues={},
+        desc="simple_select_many_batch",
+        batch_size=100,
+    ):
+        """Executes a SELECT query on the named table, which may return zero or
+        more rows, returning the result as a list of dicts.
+
+        Filters rows by if value of `column` is in `iterable`.
+
+        Args:
+            table : string giving the table name
+            column : column name to test for inclusion against `iterable`
+            iterable : list
+            keyvalues : dict of column names and values to select the rows with
+            retcols : list of strings giving the names of the columns to return
+        """
+        results = []
+
+        if not iterable:
+            return results
+
+        # iterables can not be sliced, so convert it to a list first
+        it_list = list(iterable)
+
+        chunks = [
+            it_list[i : i + batch_size] for i in range(0, len(it_list), batch_size)
+        ]
+        for chunk in chunks:
+            rows = yield self.runInteraction(
+                desc,
+                self.simple_select_many_txn,
+                table,
+                column,
+                chunk,
+                keyvalues,
+                retcols,
+            )
+
+            results.extend(rows)
+
+        return results
+
+    @classmethod
+    def simple_select_many_txn(cls, txn, table, column, iterable, keyvalues, retcols):
+        """Executes a SELECT query on the named table, which may return zero or
+        more rows, returning the result as a list of dicts.
+
+        Filters rows by if value of `column` is in `iterable`.
+
+        Args:
+            txn : Transaction object
+            table : string giving the table name
+            column : column name to test for inclusion against `iterable`
+            iterable : list
+            keyvalues : dict of column names and values to select the rows with
+            retcols : list of strings giving the names of the columns to return
+        """
+        if not iterable:
+            return []
+
+        clause, values = make_in_list_sql_clause(txn.database_engine, column, iterable)
+        clauses = [clause]
+
+        for key, value in iteritems(keyvalues):
+            clauses.append("%s = ?" % (key,))
+            values.append(value)
+
+        sql = "SELECT %s FROM %s WHERE %s" % (
+            ", ".join(retcols),
+            table,
+            " AND ".join(clauses),
+        )
+
+        txn.execute(sql, values)
+        return cls.cursor_to_dict(txn)
+
+    def simple_update(self, table, keyvalues, updatevalues, desc):
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            desc, self.simple_update_txn, table, keyvalues, updatevalues
+        )
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def simple_update_txn(txn, table, keyvalues, updatevalues):
+        if keyvalues:
+            where = "WHERE %s" % " AND ".join("%s = ?" % k for k in iterkeys(keyvalues))
+        else:
+            where = ""
+
+        update_sql = "UPDATE %s SET %s %s" % (
+            table,
+            ", ".join("%s = ?" % (k,) for k in updatevalues),
+            where,
+        )
+
+        txn.execute(update_sql, list(updatevalues.values()) + list(keyvalues.values()))
+
+        return txn.rowcount
+
+    def simple_update_one(
+        self, table, keyvalues, updatevalues, desc="simple_update_one"
+    ):
+        """Executes an UPDATE query on the named table, setting new values for
+        columns in a row matching the key values.
+
+        Args:
+            table : string giving the table name
+            keyvalues : dict of column names and values to select the row with
+            updatevalues : dict giving column names and values to update
+            retcols : optional list of column names to return
+
+        If present, retcols gives a list of column names on which to perform
+        a SELECT statement *before* performing the UPDATE statement. The values
+        of these will be returned in a dict.
+
+        These are performed within the same transaction, allowing an atomic
+        get-and-set.  This can be used to implement compare-and-set by putting
+        the update column in the 'keyvalues' dict as well.
+        """
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            desc, self.simple_update_one_txn, table, keyvalues, updatevalues
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def simple_update_one_txn(cls, txn, table, keyvalues, updatevalues):
+        rowcount = cls.simple_update_txn(txn, table, keyvalues, updatevalues)
+
+        if rowcount == 0:
+            raise StoreError(404, "No row found (%s)" % (table,))
+        if rowcount > 1:
+            raise StoreError(500, "More than one row matched (%s)" % (table,))
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def simple_select_one_txn(txn, table, keyvalues, retcols, allow_none=False):
+        select_sql = "SELECT %s FROM %s WHERE %s" % (
+            ", ".join(retcols),
+            table,
+            " AND ".join("%s = ?" % (k,) for k in keyvalues),
+        )
+
+        txn.execute(select_sql, list(keyvalues.values()))
+        row = txn.fetchone()
+
+        if not row:
+            if allow_none:
+                return None
+            raise StoreError(404, "No row found (%s)" % (table,))
+        if txn.rowcount > 1:
+            raise StoreError(500, "More than one row matched (%s)" % (table,))
+
+        return dict(zip(retcols, row))
+
+    def simple_delete_one(self, table, keyvalues, desc="simple_delete_one"):
+        """Executes a DELETE query on the named table, expecting to delete a
+        single row.
+
+        Args:
+            table : string giving the table name
+            keyvalues : dict of column names and values to select the row with
+        """
+        return self.runInteraction(desc, self.simple_delete_one_txn, table, keyvalues)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def simple_delete_one_txn(txn, table, keyvalues):
+        """Executes a DELETE query on the named table, expecting to delete a
+        single row.
+
+        Args:
+            table : string giving the table name
+            keyvalues : dict of column names and values to select the row with
+        """
+        sql = "DELETE FROM %s WHERE %s" % (
+            table,
+            " AND ".join("%s = ?" % (k,) for k in keyvalues),
+        )
+
+        txn.execute(sql, list(keyvalues.values()))
+        if txn.rowcount == 0:
+            raise StoreError(404, "No row found (%s)" % (table,))
+        if txn.rowcount > 1:
+            raise StoreError(500, "More than one row matched (%s)" % (table,))
+
+    def simple_delete(self, table, keyvalues, desc):
+        return self.runInteraction(desc, self.simple_delete_txn, table, keyvalues)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def simple_delete_txn(txn, table, keyvalues):
+        sql = "DELETE FROM %s WHERE %s" % (
+            table,
+            " AND ".join("%s = ?" % (k,) for k in keyvalues),
+        )
+
+        txn.execute(sql, list(keyvalues.values()))
+        return txn.rowcount
+
+    def simple_delete_many(self, table, column, iterable, keyvalues, desc):
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            desc, self.simple_delete_many_txn, table, column, iterable, keyvalues
+        )
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def simple_delete_many_txn(txn, table, column, iterable, keyvalues):
+        """Executes a DELETE query on the named table.
+
+        Filters rows by if value of `column` is in `iterable`.
+
+        Args:
+            txn : Transaction object
+            table : string giving the table name
+            column : column name to test for inclusion against `iterable`
+            iterable : list
+            keyvalues : dict of column names and values to select the rows with
+
+        Returns:
+            int: Number rows deleted
+        """
+        if not iterable:
+            return 0
+
+        sql = "DELETE FROM %s" % table
+
+        clause, values = make_in_list_sql_clause(txn.database_engine, column, iterable)
+        clauses = [clause]
+
+        for key, value in iteritems(keyvalues):
+            clauses.append("%s = ?" % (key,))
+            values.append(value)
+
+        if clauses:
+            sql = "%s WHERE %s" % (sql, " AND ".join(clauses))
+        txn.execute(sql, values)
+
+        return txn.rowcount
+
+    def get_cache_dict(
+        self, db_conn, table, entity_column, stream_column, max_value, limit=100000
+    ):
+        # Fetch a mapping of room_id -> max stream position for "recent" rooms.
+        # It doesn't really matter how many we get, the StreamChangeCache will
+        # do the right thing to ensure it respects the max size of cache.
+        sql = (
+            "SELECT %(entity)s, MAX(%(stream)s) FROM %(table)s"
+            " WHERE %(stream)s > ? - %(limit)s"
+            " GROUP BY %(entity)s"
+        ) % {
+            "table": table,
+            "entity": entity_column,
+            "stream": stream_column,
+            "limit": limit,
+        }
+
+        sql = self.database_engine.convert_param_style(sql)
+
+        txn = db_conn.cursor()
+        txn.execute(sql, (int(max_value),))
+
+        cache = {row[0]: int(row[1]) for row in txn}
+
+        txn.close()
+
+        if cache:
+            min_val = min(itervalues(cache))
+        else:
+            min_val = max_value
+
+        return cache, min_val
+
+    def simple_select_list_paginate(
+        self,
+        table,
+        keyvalues,
+        orderby,
+        start,
+        limit,
+        retcols,
+        order_direction="ASC",
+        desc="simple_select_list_paginate",
+    ):
+        """
+        Executes a SELECT query on the named table with start and limit,
+        of row numbers, which may return zero or number of rows from start to limit,
+        returning the result as a list of dicts.
+
+        Args:
+            table (str): the table name
+            keyvalues (dict[str, T] | None):
+                column names and values to select the rows with, or None to not
+                apply a WHERE clause.
+            orderby (str): Column to order the results by.
+            start (int): Index to begin the query at.
+            limit (int): Number of results to return.
+            retcols (iterable[str]): the names of the columns to return
+            order_direction (str): Whether the results should be ordered "ASC" or "DESC".
+        Returns:
+            defer.Deferred: resolves to list[dict[str, Any]]
+        """
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            desc,
+            self.simple_select_list_paginate_txn,
+            table,
+            keyvalues,
+            orderby,
+            start,
+            limit,
+            retcols,
+            order_direction=order_direction,
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def simple_select_list_paginate_txn(
+        cls,
+        txn,
+        table,
+        keyvalues,
+        orderby,
+        start,
+        limit,
+        retcols,
+        order_direction="ASC",
+    ):
+        """
+        Executes a SELECT query on the named table with start and limit,
+        of row numbers, which may return zero or number of rows from start to limit,
+        returning the result as a list of dicts.
+
+        Args:
+            txn : Transaction object
+            table (str): the table name
+            keyvalues (dict[str, T] | None):
+                column names and values to select the rows with, or None to not
+                apply a WHERE clause.
+            orderby (str): Column to order the results by.
+            start (int): Index to begin the query at.
+            limit (int): Number of results to return.
+            retcols (iterable[str]): the names of the columns to return
+            order_direction (str): Whether the results should be ordered "ASC" or "DESC".
+        Returns:
+            defer.Deferred: resolves to list[dict[str, Any]]
+        """
+        if order_direction not in ["ASC", "DESC"]:
+            raise ValueError("order_direction must be one of 'ASC' or 'DESC'.")
+
+        if keyvalues:
+            where_clause = "WHERE " + " AND ".join("%s = ?" % (k,) for k in keyvalues)
+        else:
+            where_clause = ""
+
+        sql = "SELECT %s FROM %s %s ORDER BY %s %s LIMIT ? OFFSET ?" % (
+            ", ".join(retcols),
+            table,
+            where_clause,
+            orderby,
+            order_direction,
+        )
+        txn.execute(sql, list(keyvalues.values()) + [limit, start])
+
+        return cls.cursor_to_dict(txn)
+
+    def get_user_count_txn(self, txn):
+        """Get a total number of registered users in the users list.
+
+        Args:
+            txn : Transaction object
+        Returns:
+            int : number of users
+        """
+        sql_count = "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM users WHERE is_guest = 0;"
+        txn.execute(sql_count)
+        return txn.fetchone()[0]
+
+    def simple_search_list(self, table, term, col, retcols, desc="simple_search_list"):
+        """Executes a SELECT query on the named table, which may return zero or
+        more rows, returning the result as a list of dicts.
+
+        Args:
+            table (str): the table name
+            term (str | None):
+                term for searching the table matched to a column.
+            col (str): column to query term should be matched to
+            retcols (iterable[str]): the names of the columns to return
+        Returns:
+            defer.Deferred: resolves to list[dict[str, Any]] or None
+        """
+
+        return self.runInteraction(
+            desc, self.simple_search_list_txn, table, term, col, retcols
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def simple_search_list_txn(cls, txn, table, term, col, retcols):
+        """Executes a SELECT query on the named table, which may return zero or
+        more rows, returning the result as a list of dicts.
+
+        Args:
+            txn : Transaction object
+            table (str): the table name
+            term (str | None):
+                term for searching the table matched to a column.
+            col (str): column to query term should be matched to
+            retcols (iterable[str]): the names of the columns to return
+        Returns:
+            defer.Deferred: resolves to list[dict[str, Any]] or None
+        """
+        if term:
+            sql = "SELECT %s FROM %s WHERE %s LIKE ?" % (", ".join(retcols), table, col)
+            termvalues = ["%%" + term + "%%"]
+            txn.execute(sql, termvalues)
+        else:
+            return 0
+
+        return cls.cursor_to_dict(txn)
+
+
+def make_in_list_sql_clause(
+    database_engine, column: str, iterable: Iterable
+) -> Tuple[str, Iterable]:
+    """Returns an SQL clause that checks the given column is in the iterable.
+
+    On SQLite this expands to `column IN (?, ?, ...)`, whereas on Postgres
+    it expands to `column = ANY(?)`. While both DBs support the `IN` form,
+    using the `ANY` form on postgres means that it views queries with
+    different length iterables as the same, helping the query stats.
+
+    Args:
+        database_engine
+        column: Name of the column
+        iterable: The values to check the column against.
+
+    Returns:
+        A tuple of SQL query and the args
+    """
+
+    if database_engine.supports_using_any_list:
+        # This should hopefully be faster, but also makes postgres query
+        # stats easier to understand.
+        return "%s = ANY(?)" % (column,), [list(iterable)]
+    else:
+        return "%s IN (%s)" % (column, ",".join("?" for _ in iterable)), list(iterable)
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_stats.py b/tests/handlers/test_stats.py
index 380fd0d107..7f7962c3dd 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_stats.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_stats.py
@@ -45,13 +45,13 @@ class StatsRoomTests(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         self.store._all_done = False
 
         self.get_success(
-            self.store.simple_insert(
+            self.store.db.simple_insert(
                 "background_updates",
                 {"update_name": "populate_stats_prepare", "progress_json": "{}"},
             )
         )
         self.get_success(
-            self.store.simple_insert(
+            self.store.db.simple_insert(
                 "background_updates",
                 {
                     "update_name": "populate_stats_process_rooms",
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ class StatsRoomTests(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
             )
         )
         self.get_success(
-            self.store.simple_insert(
+            self.store.db.simple_insert(
                 "background_updates",
                 {
                     "update_name": "populate_stats_process_users",
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ class StatsRoomTests(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
             )
         )
         self.get_success(
-            self.store.simple_insert(
+            self.store.db.simple_insert(
                 "background_updates",
                 {
                     "update_name": "populate_stats_cleanup",
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ class StatsRoomTests(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         )
 
     def get_all_room_state(self):
-        return self.store.simple_select_list(
+        return self.store.db.simple_select_list(
             "room_stats_state", None, retcols=("name", "topic", "canonical_alias")
         )
 
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ class StatsRoomTests(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         end_ts = self.store.quantise_stats_time(self.reactor.seconds() * 1000)
 
         return self.get_success(
-            self.store.simple_select_one(
+            self.store.db.simple_select_one(
                 table + "_historical",
                 {id_col: stat_id, end_ts: end_ts},
                 cols,
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ class StatsRoomTests(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         self.handler.stats_enabled = True
         self.store._all_done = False
         self.get_success(
-            self.store.simple_update_one(
+            self.store.db.simple_update_one(
                 table="stats_incremental_position",
                 keyvalues={},
                 updatevalues={"stream_id": 0},
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ class StatsRoomTests(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         )
 
         self.get_success(
-            self.store.simple_insert(
+            self.store.db.simple_insert(
                 "background_updates",
                 {"update_name": "populate_stats_prepare", "progress_json": "{}"},
             )
@@ -205,13 +205,13 @@ class StatsRoomTests(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
         # Now do the initial ingestion.
         self.get_success(
-            self.store.simple_insert(
+            self.store.db.simple_insert(
                 "background_updates",
                 {"update_name": "populate_stats_process_rooms", "progress_json": "{}"},
             )
         )
         self.get_success(
-            self.store.simple_insert(
+            self.store.db.simple_insert(
                 "background_updates",
                 {
                     "update_name": "populate_stats_cleanup",
@@ -656,12 +656,12 @@ class StatsRoomTests(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         self.store._all_done = False
 
         self.get_success(
-            self.store.simple_delete(
+            self.store.db.simple_delete(
                 "room_stats_current", {"1": 1}, "test_delete_stats"
             )
         )
         self.get_success(
-            self.store.simple_delete(
+            self.store.db.simple_delete(
                 "user_stats_current", {"1": 1}, "test_delete_stats"
             )
         )
@@ -675,7 +675,7 @@ class StatsRoomTests(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
         self.store._all_done = False
         self.get_success(
-            self.store.simple_insert(
+            self.store.db.simple_insert(
                 "background_updates",
                 {
                     "update_name": "populate_stats_process_rooms",
@@ -685,7 +685,7 @@ class StatsRoomTests(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
             )
         )
         self.get_success(
-            self.store.simple_insert(
+            self.store.db.simple_insert(
                 "background_updates",
                 {
                     "update_name": "populate_stats_process_users",
@@ -695,7 +695,7 @@ class StatsRoomTests(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
             )
         )
         self.get_success(
-            self.store.simple_insert(
+            self.store.db.simple_insert(
                 "background_updates",
                 {
                     "update_name": "populate_stats_cleanup",
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_user_directory.py b/tests/handlers/test_user_directory.py
index d5b1c5b4ac..bc9d441541 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_user_directory.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_user_directory.py
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ class UserDirectoryTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
     def get_users_in_public_rooms(self):
         r = self.get_success(
-            self.store.simple_select_list(
+            self.store.db.simple_select_list(
                 "users_in_public_rooms", None, ("user_id", "room_id")
             )
         )
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ class UserDirectoryTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
     def get_users_who_share_private_rooms(self):
         return self.get_success(
-            self.store.simple_select_list(
+            self.store.db.simple_select_list(
                 "users_who_share_private_rooms",
                 None,
                 ["user_id", "other_user_id", "room_id"],
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ class UserDirectoryTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         self.store._all_done = False
 
         self.get_success(
-            self.store.simple_insert(
+            self.store.db.simple_insert(
                 "background_updates",
                 {
                     "update_name": "populate_user_directory_createtables",
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ class UserDirectoryTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
             )
         )
         self.get_success(
-            self.store.simple_insert(
+            self.store.db.simple_insert(
                 "background_updates",
                 {
                     "update_name": "populate_user_directory_process_rooms",
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ class UserDirectoryTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
             )
         )
         self.get_success(
-            self.store.simple_insert(
+            self.store.db.simple_insert(
                 "background_updates",
                 {
                     "update_name": "populate_user_directory_process_users",
@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ class UserDirectoryTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
             )
         )
         self.get_success(
-            self.store.simple_insert(
+            self.store.db.simple_insert(
                 "background_updates",
                 {
                     "update_name": "populate_user_directory_cleanup",
diff --git a/tests/rest/admin/test_admin.py b/tests/rest/admin/test_admin.py
index 124ce0768a..0ed2594381 100644
--- a/tests/rest/admin/test_admin.py
+++ b/tests/rest/admin/test_admin.py
@@ -632,7 +632,7 @@ class PurgeRoomTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
             "state_groups_state",
         ):
             count = self.get_success(
-                self.store.simple_select_one_onecol(
+                self.store.db.simple_select_one_onecol(
                     table=table,
                     keyvalues={"room_id": room_id},
                     retcol="COUNT(*)",
diff --git a/tests/storage/test__base.py b/tests/storage/test__base.py
index 7b7434a468..d491ea2924 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test__base.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test__base.py
@@ -323,7 +323,7 @@ class UpsertManyTests(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
         self.table_name = "table_" + hs.get_secrets().token_hex(6)
         self.get_success(
-            self.storage.runInteraction(
+            self.storage.db.runInteraction(
                 "create",
                 lambda x, *a: x.execute(*a),
                 "CREATE TABLE %s (id INTEGER, username TEXT, value TEXT)"
@@ -331,7 +331,7 @@ class UpsertManyTests(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
             )
         )
         self.get_success(
-            self.storage.runInteraction(
+            self.storage.db.runInteraction(
                 "index",
                 lambda x, *a: x.execute(*a),
                 "CREATE UNIQUE INDEX %sindex ON %s(id, username)"
@@ -354,9 +354,9 @@ class UpsertManyTests(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         value_values = [["hello"], ["there"]]
 
         self.get_success(
-            self.storage.runInteraction(
+            self.storage.db.runInteraction(
                 "test",
-                self.storage.simple_upsert_many_txn,
+                self.storage.db.simple_upsert_many_txn,
                 self.table_name,
                 key_names,
                 key_values,
@@ -367,7 +367,7 @@ class UpsertManyTests(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
         # Check results are what we expect
         res = self.get_success(
-            self.storage.simple_select_list(
+            self.storage.db.simple_select_list(
                 self.table_name, None, ["id, username, value"]
             )
         )
@@ -381,9 +381,9 @@ class UpsertManyTests(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         value_values = [["bleb"]]
 
         self.get_success(
-            self.storage.runInteraction(
+            self.storage.db.runInteraction(
                 "test",
-                self.storage.simple_upsert_many_txn,
+                self.storage.db.simple_upsert_many_txn,
                 self.table_name,
                 key_names,
                 key_values,
@@ -394,7 +394,7 @@ class UpsertManyTests(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
         # Check results are what we expect
         res = self.get_success(
-            self.storage.simple_select_list(
+            self.storage.db.simple_select_list(
                 self.table_name, None, ["id, username, value"]
             )
         )
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_background_update.py b/tests/storage/test_background_update.py
index 9fabe3fbc0..e360297df9 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_background_update.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_background_update.py
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ class BackgroundUpdateTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         def update(progress, count):
             self.clock.advance_time_msec(count * duration_ms)
             progress = {"my_key": progress["my_key"] + 1}
-            yield self.store.runInteraction(
+            yield self.store.db.runInteraction(
                 "update_progress",
                 self.store._background_update_progress_txn,
                 "test_update",
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_base.py b/tests/storage/test_base.py
index de5e4a5fce..7915d48a9e 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_base.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_base.py
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ class SQLBaseStoreTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_insert_1col(self):
         self.mock_txn.rowcount = 1
 
-        yield self.datastore.simple_insert(
+        yield self.datastore.db.simple_insert(
             table="tablename", values={"columname": "Value"}
         )
 
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ class SQLBaseStoreTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_insert_3cols(self):
         self.mock_txn.rowcount = 1
 
-        yield self.datastore.simple_insert(
+        yield self.datastore.db.simple_insert(
             table="tablename",
             # Use OrderedDict() so we can assert on the SQL generated
             values=OrderedDict([("colA", 1), ("colB", 2), ("colC", 3)]),
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ class SQLBaseStoreTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.mock_txn.rowcount = 1
         self.mock_txn.__iter__ = Mock(return_value=iter([("Value",)]))
 
-        value = yield self.datastore.simple_select_one_onecol(
+        value = yield self.datastore.db.simple_select_one_onecol(
             table="tablename", keyvalues={"keycol": "TheKey"}, retcol="retcol"
         )
 
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ class SQLBaseStoreTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.mock_txn.rowcount = 1
         self.mock_txn.fetchone.return_value = (1, 2, 3)
 
-        ret = yield self.datastore.simple_select_one(
+        ret = yield self.datastore.db.simple_select_one(
             table="tablename",
             keyvalues={"keycol": "TheKey"},
             retcols=["colA", "colB", "colC"],
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ class SQLBaseStoreTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.mock_txn.rowcount = 0
         self.mock_txn.fetchone.return_value = None
 
-        ret = yield self.datastore.simple_select_one(
+        ret = yield self.datastore.db.simple_select_one(
             table="tablename",
             keyvalues={"keycol": "Not here"},
             retcols=["colA"],
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ class SQLBaseStoreTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.mock_txn.__iter__ = Mock(return_value=iter([(1,), (2,), (3,)]))
         self.mock_txn.description = (("colA", None, None, None, None, None, None),)
 
-        ret = yield self.datastore.simple_select_list(
+        ret = yield self.datastore.db.simple_select_list(
             table="tablename", keyvalues={"keycol": "A set"}, retcols=["colA"]
         )
 
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ class SQLBaseStoreTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_update_one_1col(self):
         self.mock_txn.rowcount = 1
 
-        yield self.datastore.simple_update_one(
+        yield self.datastore.db.simple_update_one(
             table="tablename",
             keyvalues={"keycol": "TheKey"},
             updatevalues={"columnname": "New Value"},
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ class SQLBaseStoreTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_update_one_4cols(self):
         self.mock_txn.rowcount = 1
 
-        yield self.datastore.simple_update_one(
+        yield self.datastore.db.simple_update_one(
             table="tablename",
             keyvalues=OrderedDict([("colA", 1), ("colB", 2)]),
             updatevalues=OrderedDict([("colC", 3), ("colD", 4)]),
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ class SQLBaseStoreTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_delete_one(self):
         self.mock_txn.rowcount = 1
 
-        yield self.datastore.simple_delete_one(
+        yield self.datastore.db.simple_delete_one(
             table="tablename", keyvalues={"keycol": "Go away"}
         )
 
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_cleanup_extrems.py b/tests/storage/test_cleanup_extrems.py
index 69dcaa63d5..e454bbff29 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_cleanup_extrems.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_cleanup_extrems.py
@@ -62,7 +62,9 @@ class CleanupExtremBackgroundUpdateStoreTestCase(HomeserverTestCase):
             prepare_database.executescript(txn, schema_path)
 
         self.get_success(
-            self.store.runInteraction("test_delete_forward_extremities", run_delta_file)
+            self.store.db.runInteraction(
+                "test_delete_forward_extremities", run_delta_file
+            )
         )
 
         # Ugh, have to reset this flag
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_client_ips.py b/tests/storage/test_client_ips.py
index 25bdd2c163..c4f838907c 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_client_ips.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_client_ips.py
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ class ClientIpStoreTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         self.pump(0)
 
         result = self.get_success(
-            self.store.simple_select_list(
+            self.store.db.simple_select_list(
                 table="user_ips",
                 keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
                 retcols=["access_token", "ip", "user_agent", "device_id", "last_seen"],
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ class ClientIpStoreTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         self.pump(0)
 
         result = self.get_success(
-            self.store.simple_select_list(
+            self.store.db.simple_select_list(
                 table="user_ips",
                 keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
                 retcols=["access_token", "ip", "user_agent", "device_id", "last_seen"],
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ class ClientIpStoreTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
         # But clear the associated entry in devices table
         self.get_success(
-            self.store.simple_update(
+            self.store.db.simple_update(
                 table="devices",
                 keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "device_id": "device_id"},
                 updatevalues={"last_seen": None, "ip": None, "user_agent": None},
@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ class ClientIpStoreTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
         # Register the background update to run again.
         self.get_success(
-            self.store.simple_insert(
+            self.store.db.simple_insert(
                 table="background_updates",
                 values={
                     "update_name": "devices_last_seen",
@@ -297,7 +297,7 @@ class ClientIpStoreTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
         # We should see that in the DB
         result = self.get_success(
-            self.store.simple_select_list(
+            self.store.db.simple_select_list(
                 table="user_ips",
                 keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
                 retcols=["access_token", "ip", "user_agent", "device_id", "last_seen"],
@@ -323,7 +323,7 @@ class ClientIpStoreTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
         # We should get no results.
         result = self.get_success(
-            self.store.simple_select_list(
+            self.store.db.simple_select_list(
                 table="user_ips",
                 keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
                 retcols=["access_token", "ip", "user_agent", "device_id", "last_seen"],
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_event_federation.py b/tests/storage/test_event_federation.py
index 2fe50377f8..eadfb90a22 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_event_federation.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_event_federation.py
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ class EventFederationWorkerStoreTestCase(tests.unittest.TestCase):
             )
 
         for i in range(0, 11):
-            yield self.store.runInteraction("insert", insert_event, i)
+            yield self.store.db.runInteraction("insert", insert_event, i)
 
         # this should get the last five and five others
         r = yield self.store.get_prev_events_for_room(room_id)
@@ -93,9 +93,9 @@ class EventFederationWorkerStoreTestCase(tests.unittest.TestCase):
             )
 
         for i in range(0, 20):
-            yield self.store.runInteraction("insert", insert_event, i, room1)
-            yield self.store.runInteraction("insert", insert_event, i, room2)
-            yield self.store.runInteraction("insert", insert_event, i, room3)
+            yield self.store.db.runInteraction("insert", insert_event, i, room1)
+            yield self.store.db.runInteraction("insert", insert_event, i, room2)
+            yield self.store.db.runInteraction("insert", insert_event, i, room3)
 
         # Test simple case
         r = yield self.store.get_rooms_with_many_extremities(5, 5, [])
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_event_push_actions.py b/tests/storage/test_event_push_actions.py
index 2337a1ae46..d4bcf1821e 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_event_push_actions.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_event_push_actions.py
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ class EventPushActionsStoreTestCase(tests.unittest.TestCase):
 
         @defer.inlineCallbacks
         def _assert_counts(noitf_count, highlight_count):
-            counts = yield self.store.runInteraction(
+            counts = yield self.store.db.runInteraction(
                 "", self.store._get_unread_counts_by_pos_txn, room_id, user_id, 0
             )
             self.assertEquals(
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ class EventPushActionsStoreTestCase(tests.unittest.TestCase):
             yield self.store.add_push_actions_to_staging(
                 event.event_id, {user_id: action}
             )
-            yield self.store.runInteraction(
+            yield self.store.db.runInteraction(
                 "",
                 self.store._set_push_actions_for_event_and_users_txn,
                 [(event, None)],
@@ -82,12 +82,12 @@ class EventPushActionsStoreTestCase(tests.unittest.TestCase):
             )
 
         def _rotate(stream):
-            return self.store.runInteraction(
+            return self.store.db.runInteraction(
                 "", self.store._rotate_notifs_before_txn, stream
             )
 
         def _mark_read(stream, depth):
-            return self.store.runInteraction(
+            return self.store.db.runInteraction(
                 "",
                 self.store._remove_old_push_actions_before_txn,
                 room_id,
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ class EventPushActionsStoreTestCase(tests.unittest.TestCase):
         yield _inject_actions(6, PlAIN_NOTIF)
         yield _rotate(7)
 
-        yield self.store.simple_delete(
+        yield self.store.db.simple_delete(
             table="event_push_actions", keyvalues={"1": 1}, desc=""
         )
 
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ class EventPushActionsStoreTestCase(tests.unittest.TestCase):
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_find_first_stream_ordering_after_ts(self):
         def add_event(so, ts):
-            return self.store.simple_insert(
+            return self.store.db.simple_insert(
                 "events",
                 {
                     "stream_ordering": so,
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_monthly_active_users.py b/tests/storage/test_monthly_active_users.py
index 90a63dc477..3c78faab45 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_monthly_active_users.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_monthly_active_users.py
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ class MonthlyActiveUsersTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         self.store.user_add_threepid(user1, "email", user1_email, now, now)
         self.store.user_add_threepid(user2, "email", user2_email, now, now)
 
-        self.store.runInteraction(
+        self.store.db.runInteraction(
             "initialise", self.store._initialise_reserved_users, threepids
         )
         self.pump()
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ class MonthlyActiveUsersTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
                 )
 
         self.hs.config.mau_limits_reserved_threepids = threepids
-        self.store.runInteraction(
+        self.store.db.runInteraction(
             "initialise", self.store._initialise_reserved_users, threepids
         )
         count = self.store.get_monthly_active_count()
@@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ class MonthlyActiveUsersTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
             {"medium": "email", "address": user2_email},
         ]
         self.hs.config.mau_limits_reserved_threepids = threepids
-        self.store.runInteraction(
+        self.store.db.runInteraction(
             "initialise", self.store._initialise_reserved_users, threepids
         )
 
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_redaction.py b/tests/storage/test_redaction.py
index 4930b6777e..dc45173355 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_redaction.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_redaction.py
@@ -338,7 +338,7 @@ class RedactionTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         )
 
         event_json = self.get_success(
-            self.store.simple_select_one_onecol(
+            self.store.db.simple_select_one_onecol(
                 table="event_json",
                 keyvalues={"event_id": msg_event.event_id},
                 retcol="json",
@@ -356,7 +356,7 @@ class RedactionTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         self.reactor.advance(60 * 60 * 2)
 
         event_json = self.get_success(
-            self.store.simple_select_one_onecol(
+            self.store.db.simple_select_one_onecol(
                 table="event_json",
                 keyvalues={"event_id": msg_event.event_id},
                 retcol="json",
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_roommember.py b/tests/storage/test_roommember.py
index d389cf578f..5f957680a2 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_roommember.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_roommember.py
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ class CurrentStateMembershipUpdateTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
         # Register the background update to run again.
         self.get_success(
-            self.store.simple_insert(
+            self.store.db.simple_insert(
                 table="background_updates",
                 values={
                     "update_name": "current_state_events_membership",
diff --git a/tests/unittest.py b/tests/unittest.py
index 295573bc46..fc856a574a 100644
--- a/tests/unittest.py
+++ b/tests/unittest.py
@@ -544,7 +544,7 @@ class HomeserverTestCase(TestCase):
         Add the given event as an extremity to the room.
         """
         self.get_success(
-            self.hs.get_datastore().simple_insert(
+            self.hs.get_datastore().db.simple_insert(
                 table="event_forward_extremities",
                 values={"room_id": room_id, "event_id": event_id},
                 desc="test_add_extremity",
-- 
cgit 1.5.1


From 4a33a6dd19590b8e6626a5af5a69507dc11236f8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Erik Johnston <erik@matrix.org>
Date: Wed, 4 Dec 2019 15:09:36 +0000
Subject: Move background update handling out of store

---
 synapse/app/homeserver.py                          |  2 +-
 synapse/rest/media/v1/preview_url_resource.py      |  2 +-
 synapse/storage/background_updates.py              | 15 +++----
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/client_ips.py     | 36 ++++++++--------
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/deviceinbox.py    |  9 ++--
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/devices.py        | 15 ++++---
 .../storage/data_stores/main/event_federation.py   |  6 +--
 .../storage/data_stores/main/event_push_actions.py |  4 +-
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/events.py         |  6 +--
 .../storage/data_stores/main/events_bg_updates.py  | 49 +++++++++++----------
 .../storage/data_stores/main/media_repository.py   |  6 +--
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/registration.py   | 21 ++++-----
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/room.py           |  9 ++--
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/roommember.py     | 27 +++++++-----
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/search.py         | 31 ++++++++------
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/state.py          | 19 ++++----
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/stats.py          | 20 ++++-----
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/user_directory.py | 33 ++++++++------
 synapse/storage/database.py                        |  3 ++
 synmark/__init__.py                                |  6 +--
 tests/handlers/test_stats.py                       | 50 +++++++++++++++-------
 tests/handlers/test_user_directory.py              | 18 +++++---
 tests/storage/test_background_update.py            | 26 +++++++----
 tests/storage/test_cleanup_extrems.py              | 14 ++++--
 tests/storage/test_client_ips.py                   | 26 ++++++++---
 tests/storage/test_roommember.py                   | 18 +++++---
 tests/unittest.py                                  | 10 +++--
 27 files changed, 281 insertions(+), 200 deletions(-)

(limited to 'tests/handlers')

diff --git a/synapse/app/homeserver.py b/synapse/app/homeserver.py
index 267aebaae9..9f81a857ab 100644
--- a/synapse/app/homeserver.py
+++ b/synapse/app/homeserver.py
@@ -436,7 +436,7 @@ def setup(config_options):
             _base.start(hs, config.listeners)
 
             hs.get_pusherpool().start()
-            hs.get_datastore().start_doing_background_updates()
+            hs.get_datastore().db.updates.start_doing_background_updates()
         except Exception:
             # Print the exception and bail out.
             print("Error during startup:", file=sys.stderr)
diff --git a/synapse/rest/media/v1/preview_url_resource.py b/synapse/rest/media/v1/preview_url_resource.py
index fb0d02aa83..6b978be876 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/media/v1/preview_url_resource.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/media/v1/preview_url_resource.py
@@ -402,7 +402,7 @@ class PreviewUrlResource(DirectServeResource):
 
         logger.info("Running url preview cache expiry")
 
-        if not (yield self.store.has_completed_background_updates()):
+        if not (yield self.store.db.updates.has_completed_background_updates()):
             logger.info("Still running DB updates; skipping expiry")
             return
 
diff --git a/synapse/storage/background_updates.py b/synapse/storage/background_updates.py
index dfca94b0e0..a9a13a2658 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/background_updates.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/background_updates.py
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@ from twisted.internet import defer
 from synapse.metrics.background_process_metrics import run_as_background_process
 
 from . import engines
-from ._base import SQLBaseStore
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -74,7 +73,7 @@ class BackgroundUpdatePerformance(object):
             return float(self.total_item_count) / float(self.total_duration_ms)
 
 
-class BackgroundUpdateStore(SQLBaseStore):
+class BackgroundUpdater(object):
     """ Background updates are updates to the database that run in the
     background. Each update processes a batch of data at once. We attempt to
     limit the impact of each update by monitoring how long each batch takes to
@@ -86,8 +85,10 @@ class BackgroundUpdateStore(SQLBaseStore):
     BACKGROUND_UPDATE_INTERVAL_MS = 1000
     BACKGROUND_UPDATE_DURATION_MS = 100
 
-    def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
-        super(BackgroundUpdateStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
+    def __init__(self, hs, database):
+        self._clock = hs.get_clock()
+        self.db = database
+
         self._background_update_performance = {}
         self._background_update_queue = []
         self._background_update_handlers = {}
@@ -101,9 +102,7 @@ class BackgroundUpdateStore(SQLBaseStore):
         logger.info("Starting background schema updates")
         while True:
             if sleep:
-                yield self.hs.get_clock().sleep(
-                    self.BACKGROUND_UPDATE_INTERVAL_MS / 1000.0
-                )
+                yield self._clock.sleep(self.BACKGROUND_UPDATE_INTERVAL_MS / 1000.0)
 
             try:
                 result = yield self.do_next_background_update(
@@ -380,7 +379,7 @@ class BackgroundUpdateStore(SQLBaseStore):
             logger.debug("[SQL] %s", sql)
             c.execute(sql)
 
-        if isinstance(self.database_engine, engines.PostgresEngine):
+        if isinstance(self.db.database_engine, engines.PostgresEngine):
             runner = create_index_psql
         elif psql_only:
             runner = None
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/client_ips.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/client_ips.py
index 6f2a720b97..7b470a58f1 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/client_ips.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/client_ips.py
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ from six import iteritems
 from twisted.internet import defer
 
 from synapse.metrics.background_process_metrics import wrap_as_background_process
-from synapse.storage import background_updates
+from synapse.storage._base import SQLBaseStore
 from synapse.util.caches import CACHE_SIZE_FACTOR
 from synapse.util.caches.descriptors import Cache
 
@@ -32,41 +32,41 @@ logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 LAST_SEEN_GRANULARITY = 120 * 1000
 
 
-class ClientIpBackgroundUpdateStore(background_updates.BackgroundUpdateStore):
+class ClientIpBackgroundUpdateStore(SQLBaseStore):
     def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
         super(ClientIpBackgroundUpdateStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
 
-        self.register_background_index_update(
+        self.db.updates.register_background_index_update(
             "user_ips_device_index",
             index_name="user_ips_device_id",
             table="user_ips",
             columns=["user_id", "device_id", "last_seen"],
         )
 
-        self.register_background_index_update(
+        self.db.updates.register_background_index_update(
             "user_ips_last_seen_index",
             index_name="user_ips_last_seen",
             table="user_ips",
             columns=["user_id", "last_seen"],
         )
 
-        self.register_background_index_update(
+        self.db.updates.register_background_index_update(
             "user_ips_last_seen_only_index",
             index_name="user_ips_last_seen_only",
             table="user_ips",
             columns=["last_seen"],
         )
 
-        self.register_background_update_handler(
+        self.db.updates.register_background_update_handler(
             "user_ips_analyze", self._analyze_user_ip
         )
 
-        self.register_background_update_handler(
+        self.db.updates.register_background_update_handler(
             "user_ips_remove_dupes", self._remove_user_ip_dupes
         )
 
         # Register a unique index
-        self.register_background_index_update(
+        self.db.updates.register_background_index_update(
             "user_ips_device_unique_index",
             index_name="user_ips_user_token_ip_unique_index",
             table="user_ips",
@@ -75,12 +75,12 @@ class ClientIpBackgroundUpdateStore(background_updates.BackgroundUpdateStore):
         )
 
         # Drop the old non-unique index
-        self.register_background_update_handler(
+        self.db.updates.register_background_update_handler(
             "user_ips_drop_nonunique_index", self._remove_user_ip_nonunique
         )
 
         # Update the last seen info in devices.
-        self.register_background_update_handler(
+        self.db.updates.register_background_update_handler(
             "devices_last_seen", self._devices_last_seen_update
         )
 
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ class ClientIpBackgroundUpdateStore(background_updates.BackgroundUpdateStore):
             txn.close()
 
         yield self.db.runWithConnection(f)
-        yield self._end_background_update("user_ips_drop_nonunique_index")
+        yield self.db.updates._end_background_update("user_ips_drop_nonunique_index")
         return 1
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ class ClientIpBackgroundUpdateStore(background_updates.BackgroundUpdateStore):
 
         yield self.db.runInteraction("user_ips_analyze", user_ips_analyze)
 
-        yield self._end_background_update("user_ips_analyze")
+        yield self.db.updates._end_background_update("user_ips_analyze")
 
         return 1
 
@@ -271,14 +271,14 @@ class ClientIpBackgroundUpdateStore(background_updates.BackgroundUpdateStore):
                     (user_id, access_token, ip, device_id, user_agent, last_seen),
                 )
 
-            self._background_update_progress_txn(
+            self.db.updates._background_update_progress_txn(
                 txn, "user_ips_remove_dupes", {"last_seen": end_last_seen}
             )
 
         yield self.db.runInteraction("user_ips_dups_remove", remove)
 
         if last:
-            yield self._end_background_update("user_ips_remove_dupes")
+            yield self.db.updates._end_background_update("user_ips_remove_dupes")
 
         return batch_size
 
@@ -344,7 +344,7 @@ class ClientIpBackgroundUpdateStore(background_updates.BackgroundUpdateStore):
             txn.execute_batch(sql, rows)
 
             _, _, _, user_id, device_id = rows[-1]
-            self._background_update_progress_txn(
+            self.db.updates._background_update_progress_txn(
                 txn,
                 "devices_last_seen",
                 {"last_user_id": user_id, "last_device_id": device_id},
@@ -357,7 +357,7 @@ class ClientIpBackgroundUpdateStore(background_updates.BackgroundUpdateStore):
         )
 
         if not updated:
-            yield self._end_background_update("devices_last_seen")
+            yield self.db.updates._end_background_update("devices_last_seen")
 
         return updated
 
@@ -546,7 +546,9 @@ class ClientIpStore(ClientIpBackgroundUpdateStore):
             # Nothing to do
             return
 
-        if not await self.has_completed_background_update("devices_last_seen"):
+        if not await self.db.updates.has_completed_background_update(
+            "devices_last_seen"
+        ):
             # Only start pruning if we have finished populating the devices
             # last seen info.
             return
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/deviceinbox.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/deviceinbox.py
index 440793ad49..3c9f09301a 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/deviceinbox.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/deviceinbox.py
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ from twisted.internet import defer
 
 from synapse.logging.opentracing import log_kv, set_tag, trace
 from synapse.storage._base import SQLBaseStore, make_in_list_sql_clause
-from synapse.storage.background_updates import BackgroundUpdateStore
 from synapse.util.caches.expiringcache import ExpiringCache
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
@@ -208,20 +207,20 @@ class DeviceInboxWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         )
 
 
-class DeviceInboxBackgroundUpdateStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
+class DeviceInboxBackgroundUpdateStore(SQLBaseStore):
     DEVICE_INBOX_STREAM_ID = "device_inbox_stream_drop"
 
     def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
         super(DeviceInboxBackgroundUpdateStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
 
-        self.register_background_index_update(
+        self.db.updates.register_background_index_update(
             "device_inbox_stream_index",
             index_name="device_inbox_stream_id_user_id",
             table="device_inbox",
             columns=["stream_id", "user_id"],
         )
 
-        self.register_background_update_handler(
+        self.db.updates.register_background_update_handler(
             self.DEVICE_INBOX_STREAM_ID, self._background_drop_index_device_inbox
         )
 
@@ -234,7 +233,7 @@ class DeviceInboxBackgroundUpdateStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
 
         yield self.db.runWithConnection(reindex_txn)
 
-        yield self._end_background_update(self.DEVICE_INBOX_STREAM_ID)
+        yield self.db.updates._end_background_update(self.DEVICE_INBOX_STREAM_ID)
 
         return 1
 
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/devices.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/devices.py
index d98511ddd4..91ddaf137e 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/devices.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/devices.py
@@ -31,7 +31,6 @@ from synapse.logging.opentracing import (
 )
 from synapse.metrics.background_process_metrics import run_as_background_process
 from synapse.storage._base import SQLBaseStore, db_to_json, make_in_list_sql_clause
-from synapse.storage.background_updates import BackgroundUpdateStore
 from synapse.types import get_verify_key_from_cross_signing_key
 from synapse.util import batch_iter
 from synapse.util.caches.descriptors import (
@@ -642,11 +641,11 @@ class DeviceWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         return results
 
 
-class DeviceBackgroundUpdateStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
+class DeviceBackgroundUpdateStore(SQLBaseStore):
     def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
         super(DeviceBackgroundUpdateStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
 
-        self.register_background_index_update(
+        self.db.updates.register_background_index_update(
             "device_lists_stream_idx",
             index_name="device_lists_stream_user_id",
             table="device_lists_stream",
@@ -654,7 +653,7 @@ class DeviceBackgroundUpdateStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
         )
 
         # create a unique index on device_lists_remote_cache
-        self.register_background_index_update(
+        self.db.updates.register_background_index_update(
             "device_lists_remote_cache_unique_idx",
             index_name="device_lists_remote_cache_unique_id",
             table="device_lists_remote_cache",
@@ -663,7 +662,7 @@ class DeviceBackgroundUpdateStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
         )
 
         # And one on device_lists_remote_extremeties
-        self.register_background_index_update(
+        self.db.updates.register_background_index_update(
             "device_lists_remote_extremeties_unique_idx",
             index_name="device_lists_remote_extremeties_unique_idx",
             table="device_lists_remote_extremeties",
@@ -672,7 +671,7 @@ class DeviceBackgroundUpdateStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
         )
 
         # once they complete, we can remove the old non-unique indexes.
-        self.register_background_update_handler(
+        self.db.updates.register_background_update_handler(
             DROP_DEVICE_LIST_STREAMS_NON_UNIQUE_INDEXES,
             self._drop_device_list_streams_non_unique_indexes,
         )
@@ -686,7 +685,9 @@ class DeviceBackgroundUpdateStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
             txn.close()
 
         yield self.db.runWithConnection(f)
-        yield self._end_background_update(DROP_DEVICE_LIST_STREAMS_NON_UNIQUE_INDEXES)
+        yield self.db.updates._end_background_update(
+            DROP_DEVICE_LIST_STREAMS_NON_UNIQUE_INDEXES
+        )
         return 1
 
 
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/event_federation.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/event_federation.py
index 77e4353b59..31d2e8eb28 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/event_federation.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/event_federation.py
@@ -494,7 +494,7 @@ class EventFederationStore(EventFederationWorkerStore):
     def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
         super(EventFederationStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
 
-        self.register_background_update_handler(
+        self.db.updates.register_background_update_handler(
             self.EVENT_AUTH_STATE_ONLY, self._background_delete_non_state_event_auth
         )
 
@@ -654,7 +654,7 @@ class EventFederationStore(EventFederationWorkerStore):
                 "max_stream_id_exclusive": min_stream_id,
             }
 
-            self._background_update_progress_txn(
+            self.db.updates._background_update_progress_txn(
                 txn, self.EVENT_AUTH_STATE_ONLY, new_progress
             )
 
@@ -665,6 +665,6 @@ class EventFederationStore(EventFederationWorkerStore):
         )
 
         if not result:
-            yield self._end_background_update(self.EVENT_AUTH_STATE_ONLY)
+            yield self.db.updates._end_background_update(self.EVENT_AUTH_STATE_ONLY)
 
         return batch_size
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/event_push_actions.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/event_push_actions.py
index 725d0881dc..eec054cd48 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/event_push_actions.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/event_push_actions.py
@@ -614,14 +614,14 @@ class EventPushActionsStore(EventPushActionsWorkerStore):
     def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
         super(EventPushActionsStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
 
-        self.register_background_index_update(
+        self.db.updates.register_background_index_update(
             self.EPA_HIGHLIGHT_INDEX,
             index_name="event_push_actions_u_highlight",
             table="event_push_actions",
             columns=["user_id", "stream_ordering"],
         )
 
-        self.register_background_index_update(
+        self.db.updates.register_background_index_update(
             "event_push_actions_highlights_index",
             index_name="event_push_actions_highlights_index",
             table="event_push_actions",
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/events.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/events.py
index 01ec9ec397..d644c82784 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/events.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/events.py
@@ -38,7 +38,6 @@ from synapse.logging.utils import log_function
 from synapse.metrics import BucketCollector
 from synapse.metrics.background_process_metrics import run_as_background_process
 from synapse.storage._base import make_in_list_sql_clause
-from synapse.storage.background_updates import BackgroundUpdateStore
 from synapse.storage.data_stores.main.event_federation import EventFederationStore
 from synapse.storage.data_stores.main.events_worker import EventsWorkerStore
 from synapse.storage.data_stores.main.state import StateGroupWorkerStore
@@ -94,10 +93,7 @@ def _retry_on_integrity_error(func):
 # inherits from EventFederationStore so that we can call _update_backward_extremities
 # and _handle_mult_prev_events (though arguably those could both be moved in here)
 class EventsStore(
-    StateGroupWorkerStore,
-    EventFederationStore,
-    EventsWorkerStore,
-    BackgroundUpdateStore,
+    StateGroupWorkerStore, EventFederationStore, EventsWorkerStore,
 ):
     def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
         super(EventsStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/events_bg_updates.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/events_bg_updates.py
index 365e966956..cb1fc30c31 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/events_bg_updates.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/events_bg_updates.py
@@ -22,13 +22,12 @@ from canonicaljson import json
 from twisted.internet import defer
 
 from synapse.api.constants import EventContentFields
-from synapse.storage._base import make_in_list_sql_clause
-from synapse.storage.background_updates import BackgroundUpdateStore
+from synapse.storage._base import SQLBaseStore, make_in_list_sql_clause
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
-class EventsBackgroundUpdatesStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
+class EventsBackgroundUpdatesStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
     EVENT_ORIGIN_SERVER_TS_NAME = "event_origin_server_ts"
     EVENT_FIELDS_SENDER_URL_UPDATE_NAME = "event_fields_sender_url"
@@ -37,15 +36,15 @@ class EventsBackgroundUpdatesStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
     def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
         super(EventsBackgroundUpdatesStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
 
-        self.register_background_update_handler(
+        self.db.updates.register_background_update_handler(
             self.EVENT_ORIGIN_SERVER_TS_NAME, self._background_reindex_origin_server_ts
         )
-        self.register_background_update_handler(
+        self.db.updates.register_background_update_handler(
             self.EVENT_FIELDS_SENDER_URL_UPDATE_NAME,
             self._background_reindex_fields_sender,
         )
 
-        self.register_background_index_update(
+        self.db.updates.register_background_index_update(
             "event_contains_url_index",
             index_name="event_contains_url_index",
             table="events",
@@ -56,7 +55,7 @@ class EventsBackgroundUpdatesStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
         # an event_id index on event_search is useful for the purge_history
         # api. Plus it means we get to enforce some integrity with a UNIQUE
         # clause
-        self.register_background_index_update(
+        self.db.updates.register_background_index_update(
             "event_search_event_id_idx",
             index_name="event_search_event_id_idx",
             table="event_search",
@@ -65,16 +64,16 @@ class EventsBackgroundUpdatesStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
             psql_only=True,
         )
 
-        self.register_background_update_handler(
+        self.db.updates.register_background_update_handler(
             self.DELETE_SOFT_FAILED_EXTREMITIES, self._cleanup_extremities_bg_update
         )
 
-        self.register_background_update_handler(
+        self.db.updates.register_background_update_handler(
             "redactions_received_ts", self._redactions_received_ts
         )
 
         # This index gets deleted in `event_fix_redactions_bytes` update
-        self.register_background_index_update(
+        self.db.updates.register_background_index_update(
             "event_fix_redactions_bytes_create_index",
             index_name="redactions_censored_redacts",
             table="redactions",
@@ -82,11 +81,11 @@ class EventsBackgroundUpdatesStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
             where_clause="have_censored",
         )
 
-        self.register_background_update_handler(
+        self.db.updates.register_background_update_handler(
             "event_fix_redactions_bytes", self._event_fix_redactions_bytes
         )
 
-        self.register_background_update_handler(
+        self.db.updates.register_background_update_handler(
             "event_store_labels", self._event_store_labels
         )
 
@@ -145,7 +144,7 @@ class EventsBackgroundUpdatesStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
                 "rows_inserted": rows_inserted + len(rows),
             }
 
-            self._background_update_progress_txn(
+            self.db.updates._background_update_progress_txn(
                 txn, self.EVENT_FIELDS_SENDER_URL_UPDATE_NAME, progress
             )
 
@@ -156,7 +155,9 @@ class EventsBackgroundUpdatesStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
         )
 
         if not result:
-            yield self._end_background_update(self.EVENT_FIELDS_SENDER_URL_UPDATE_NAME)
+            yield self.db.updates._end_background_update(
+                self.EVENT_FIELDS_SENDER_URL_UPDATE_NAME
+            )
 
         return result
 
@@ -222,7 +223,7 @@ class EventsBackgroundUpdatesStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
                 "rows_inserted": rows_inserted + len(rows_to_update),
             }
 
-            self._background_update_progress_txn(
+            self.db.updates._background_update_progress_txn(
                 txn, self.EVENT_ORIGIN_SERVER_TS_NAME, progress
             )
 
@@ -233,7 +234,9 @@ class EventsBackgroundUpdatesStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
         )
 
         if not result:
-            yield self._end_background_update(self.EVENT_ORIGIN_SERVER_TS_NAME)
+            yield self.db.updates._end_background_update(
+                self.EVENT_ORIGIN_SERVER_TS_NAME
+            )
 
         return result
 
@@ -411,7 +414,9 @@ class EventsBackgroundUpdatesStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
         )
 
         if not num_handled:
-            yield self._end_background_update(self.DELETE_SOFT_FAILED_EXTREMITIES)
+            yield self.db.updates._end_background_update(
+                self.DELETE_SOFT_FAILED_EXTREMITIES
+            )
 
             def _drop_table_txn(txn):
                 txn.execute("DROP TABLE _extremities_to_check")
@@ -464,7 +469,7 @@ class EventsBackgroundUpdatesStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
 
             txn.execute(sql, (self._clock.time_msec(), last_event_id, upper_event_id))
 
-            self._background_update_progress_txn(
+            self.db.updates._background_update_progress_txn(
                 txn, "redactions_received_ts", {"last_event_id": upper_event_id}
             )
 
@@ -475,7 +480,7 @@ class EventsBackgroundUpdatesStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
         )
 
         if not count:
-            yield self._end_background_update("redactions_received_ts")
+            yield self.db.updates._end_background_update("redactions_received_ts")
 
         return count
 
@@ -505,7 +510,7 @@ class EventsBackgroundUpdatesStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
             "_event_fix_redactions_bytes", _event_fix_redactions_bytes_txn
         )
 
-        yield self._end_background_update("event_fix_redactions_bytes")
+        yield self.db.updates._end_background_update("event_fix_redactions_bytes")
 
         return 1
 
@@ -559,7 +564,7 @@ class EventsBackgroundUpdatesStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
                 nbrows += 1
                 last_row_event_id = event_id
 
-            self._background_update_progress_txn(
+            self.db.updates._background_update_progress_txn(
                 txn, "event_store_labels", {"last_event_id": last_row_event_id}
             )
 
@@ -570,6 +575,6 @@ class EventsBackgroundUpdatesStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
         )
 
         if not num_rows:
-            yield self._end_background_update("event_store_labels")
+            yield self.db.updates._end_background_update("event_store_labels")
 
         return num_rows
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/media_repository.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/media_repository.py
index ea02497784..03c9c6f8ae 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/media_repository.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/media_repository.py
@@ -12,14 +12,14 @@
 # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
-from synapse.storage.background_updates import BackgroundUpdateStore
+from synapse.storage._base import SQLBaseStore
 
 
-class MediaRepositoryBackgroundUpdateStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
+class MediaRepositoryBackgroundUpdateStore(SQLBaseStore):
     def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
         super(MediaRepositoryBackgroundUpdateStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
 
-        self.register_background_index_update(
+        self.db.updates.register_background_index_update(
             update_name="local_media_repository_url_idx",
             index_name="local_media_repository_url_idx",
             table="local_media_repository",
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/registration.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/registration.py
index 8f9aa87ceb..1ef143c6d8 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/registration.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/registration.py
@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@ from twisted.internet.defer import Deferred
 from synapse.api.constants import UserTypes
 from synapse.api.errors import Codes, StoreError, SynapseError, ThreepidValidationError
 from synapse.metrics.background_process_metrics import run_as_background_process
-from synapse.storage import background_updates
 from synapse.storage._base import SQLBaseStore
 from synapse.types import UserID
 from synapse.util.caches.descriptors import cached, cachedInlineCallbacks
@@ -794,23 +793,21 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         )
 
 
-class RegistrationBackgroundUpdateStore(
-    RegistrationWorkerStore, background_updates.BackgroundUpdateStore
-):
+class RegistrationBackgroundUpdateStore(RegistrationWorkerStore):
     def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
         super(RegistrationBackgroundUpdateStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
 
         self.clock = hs.get_clock()
         self.config = hs.config
 
-        self.register_background_index_update(
+        self.db.updates.register_background_index_update(
             "access_tokens_device_index",
             index_name="access_tokens_device_id",
             table="access_tokens",
             columns=["user_id", "device_id"],
         )
 
-        self.register_background_index_update(
+        self.db.updates.register_background_index_update(
             "users_creation_ts",
             index_name="users_creation_ts",
             table="users",
@@ -820,13 +817,13 @@ class RegistrationBackgroundUpdateStore(
         # we no longer use refresh tokens, but it's possible that some people
         # might have a background update queued to build this index. Just
         # clear the background update.
-        self.register_noop_background_update("refresh_tokens_device_index")
+        self.db.updates.register_noop_background_update("refresh_tokens_device_index")
 
-        self.register_background_update_handler(
+        self.db.updates.register_background_update_handler(
             "user_threepids_grandfather", self._bg_user_threepids_grandfather
         )
 
-        self.register_background_update_handler(
+        self.db.updates.register_background_update_handler(
             "users_set_deactivated_flag", self._background_update_set_deactivated_flag
         )
 
@@ -873,7 +870,7 @@ class RegistrationBackgroundUpdateStore(
 
             logger.info("Marked %d rows as deactivated", rows_processed_nb)
 
-            self._background_update_progress_txn(
+            self.db.updates._background_update_progress_txn(
                 txn, "users_set_deactivated_flag", {"user_id": rows[-1]["name"]}
             )
 
@@ -887,7 +884,7 @@ class RegistrationBackgroundUpdateStore(
         )
 
         if end:
-            yield self._end_background_update("users_set_deactivated_flag")
+            yield self.db.updates._end_background_update("users_set_deactivated_flag")
 
         return nb_processed
 
@@ -917,7 +914,7 @@ class RegistrationBackgroundUpdateStore(
                 "_bg_user_threepids_grandfather", _bg_user_threepids_grandfather_txn
             )
 
-        yield self._end_background_update("user_threepids_grandfather")
+        yield self.db.updates._end_background_update("user_threepids_grandfather")
 
         return 1
 
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/room.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/room.py
index a26ed47afc..da42dae243 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/room.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/room.py
@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@ from twisted.internet import defer
 from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes
 from synapse.api.errors import StoreError
 from synapse.storage._base import SQLBaseStore
-from synapse.storage.background_updates import BackgroundUpdateStore
 from synapse.storage.data_stores.main.search import SearchStore
 from synapse.types import ThirdPartyInstanceID
 from synapse.util.caches.descriptors import cached, cachedInlineCallbacks
@@ -361,13 +360,13 @@ class RoomWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         defer.returnValue(row)
 
 
-class RoomBackgroundUpdateStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
+class RoomBackgroundUpdateStore(SQLBaseStore):
     def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
         super(RoomBackgroundUpdateStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
 
         self.config = hs.config
 
-        self.register_background_update_handler(
+        self.db.updates.register_background_update_handler(
             "insert_room_retention", self._background_insert_retention,
         )
 
@@ -421,7 +420,7 @@ class RoomBackgroundUpdateStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
 
             logger.info("Inserted %d rows into room_retention", len(rows))
 
-            self._background_update_progress_txn(
+            self.db.updates._background_update_progress_txn(
                 txn, "insert_room_retention", {"room_id": rows[-1]["room_id"]}
             )
 
@@ -435,7 +434,7 @@ class RoomBackgroundUpdateStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
         )
 
         if end:
-            yield self._end_background_update("insert_room_retention")
+            yield self.db.updates._end_background_update("insert_room_retention")
 
         defer.returnValue(batch_size)
 
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/roommember.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/roommember.py
index 7f4d02b25b..929f6b0d39 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/roommember.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/roommember.py
@@ -26,8 +26,11 @@ from twisted.internet import defer
 from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes, Membership
 from synapse.metrics import LaterGauge
 from synapse.metrics.background_process_metrics import run_as_background_process
-from synapse.storage._base import LoggingTransaction, make_in_list_sql_clause
-from synapse.storage.background_updates import BackgroundUpdateStore
+from synapse.storage._base import (
+    LoggingTransaction,
+    SQLBaseStore,
+    make_in_list_sql_clause,
+)
 from synapse.storage.data_stores.main.events_worker import EventsWorkerStore
 from synapse.storage.engines import Sqlite3Engine
 from synapse.storage.roommember import (
@@ -831,17 +834,17 @@ class RoomMemberWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore):
         )
 
 
-class RoomMemberBackgroundUpdateStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
+class RoomMemberBackgroundUpdateStore(SQLBaseStore):
     def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
         super(RoomMemberBackgroundUpdateStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
-        self.register_background_update_handler(
+        self.db.updates.register_background_update_handler(
             _MEMBERSHIP_PROFILE_UPDATE_NAME, self._background_add_membership_profile
         )
-        self.register_background_update_handler(
+        self.db.updates.register_background_update_handler(
             _CURRENT_STATE_MEMBERSHIP_UPDATE_NAME,
             self._background_current_state_membership,
         )
-        self.register_background_index_update(
+        self.db.updates.register_background_index_update(
             "room_membership_forgotten_idx",
             index_name="room_memberships_user_room_forgotten",
             table="room_memberships",
@@ -909,7 +912,7 @@ class RoomMemberBackgroundUpdateStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
                 "max_stream_id_exclusive": min_stream_id,
             }
 
-            self._background_update_progress_txn(
+            self.db.updates._background_update_progress_txn(
                 txn, _MEMBERSHIP_PROFILE_UPDATE_NAME, progress
             )
 
@@ -920,7 +923,9 @@ class RoomMemberBackgroundUpdateStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
         )
 
         if not result:
-            yield self._end_background_update(_MEMBERSHIP_PROFILE_UPDATE_NAME)
+            yield self.db.updates._end_background_update(
+                _MEMBERSHIP_PROFILE_UPDATE_NAME
+            )
 
         return result
 
@@ -959,7 +964,7 @@ class RoomMemberBackgroundUpdateStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
 
                 last_processed_room = next_room
 
-            self._background_update_progress_txn(
+            self.db.updates._background_update_progress_txn(
                 txn,
                 _CURRENT_STATE_MEMBERSHIP_UPDATE_NAME,
                 {"last_processed_room": last_processed_room},
@@ -978,7 +983,9 @@ class RoomMemberBackgroundUpdateStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
         )
 
         if finished:
-            yield self._end_background_update(_CURRENT_STATE_MEMBERSHIP_UPDATE_NAME)
+            yield self.db.updates._end_background_update(
+                _CURRENT_STATE_MEMBERSHIP_UPDATE_NAME
+            )
 
         return row_count
 
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/search.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/search.py
index 55a604850e..ffa1817e64 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/search.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/search.py
@@ -24,8 +24,7 @@ from canonicaljson import json
 from twisted.internet import defer
 
 from synapse.api.errors import SynapseError
-from synapse.storage._base import make_in_list_sql_clause
-from synapse.storage.background_updates import BackgroundUpdateStore
+from synapse.storage._base import SQLBaseStore, make_in_list_sql_clause
 from synapse.storage.engines import PostgresEngine, Sqlite3Engine
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
@@ -36,7 +35,7 @@ SearchEntry = namedtuple(
 )
 
 
-class SearchBackgroundUpdateStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
+class SearchBackgroundUpdateStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
     EVENT_SEARCH_UPDATE_NAME = "event_search"
     EVENT_SEARCH_ORDER_UPDATE_NAME = "event_search_order"
@@ -49,10 +48,10 @@ class SearchBackgroundUpdateStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
         if not hs.config.enable_search:
             return
 
-        self.register_background_update_handler(
+        self.db.updates.register_background_update_handler(
             self.EVENT_SEARCH_UPDATE_NAME, self._background_reindex_search
         )
-        self.register_background_update_handler(
+        self.db.updates.register_background_update_handler(
             self.EVENT_SEARCH_ORDER_UPDATE_NAME, self._background_reindex_search_order
         )
 
@@ -61,9 +60,11 @@ class SearchBackgroundUpdateStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
         # a GIN index. However, it's possible that some people might still have
         # the background update queued, so we register a handler to clear the
         # background update.
-        self.register_noop_background_update(self.EVENT_SEARCH_USE_GIST_POSTGRES_NAME)
+        self.db.updates.register_noop_background_update(
+            self.EVENT_SEARCH_USE_GIST_POSTGRES_NAME
+        )
 
-        self.register_background_update_handler(
+        self.db.updates.register_background_update_handler(
             self.EVENT_SEARCH_USE_GIN_POSTGRES_NAME, self._background_reindex_gin_search
         )
 
@@ -153,7 +154,7 @@ class SearchBackgroundUpdateStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
                 "rows_inserted": rows_inserted + len(event_search_rows),
             }
 
-            self._background_update_progress_txn(
+            self.db.updates._background_update_progress_txn(
                 txn, self.EVENT_SEARCH_UPDATE_NAME, progress
             )
 
@@ -164,7 +165,7 @@ class SearchBackgroundUpdateStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
         )
 
         if not result:
-            yield self._end_background_update(self.EVENT_SEARCH_UPDATE_NAME)
+            yield self.db.updates._end_background_update(self.EVENT_SEARCH_UPDATE_NAME)
 
         return result
 
@@ -208,7 +209,9 @@ class SearchBackgroundUpdateStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
         if isinstance(self.database_engine, PostgresEngine):
             yield self.db.runWithConnection(create_index)
 
-        yield self._end_background_update(self.EVENT_SEARCH_USE_GIN_POSTGRES_NAME)
+        yield self.db.updates._end_background_update(
+            self.EVENT_SEARCH_USE_GIN_POSTGRES_NAME
+        )
         return 1
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -244,7 +247,7 @@ class SearchBackgroundUpdateStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
 
             yield self.db.runInteraction(
                 self.EVENT_SEARCH_ORDER_UPDATE_NAME,
-                self._background_update_progress_txn,
+                self.db.updates._background_update_progress_txn,
                 self.EVENT_SEARCH_ORDER_UPDATE_NAME,
                 pg,
             )
@@ -274,7 +277,7 @@ class SearchBackgroundUpdateStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
                 "have_added_indexes": True,
             }
 
-            self._background_update_progress_txn(
+            self.db.updates._background_update_progress_txn(
                 txn, self.EVENT_SEARCH_ORDER_UPDATE_NAME, progress
             )
 
@@ -285,7 +288,9 @@ class SearchBackgroundUpdateStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
         )
 
         if not finished:
-            yield self._end_background_update(self.EVENT_SEARCH_ORDER_UPDATE_NAME)
+            yield self.db.updates._end_background_update(
+                self.EVENT_SEARCH_ORDER_UPDATE_NAME
+            )
 
         return num_rows
 
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/state.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/state.py
index 851e81d6b3..7d5a9f8128 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/state.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/state.py
@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@ from synapse.api.errors import NotFoundError
 from synapse.events import EventBase
 from synapse.events.snapshot import EventContext
 from synapse.storage._base import SQLBaseStore
-from synapse.storage.background_updates import BackgroundUpdateStore
 from synapse.storage.data_stores.main.events_worker import EventsWorkerStore
 from synapse.storage.engines import PostgresEngine
 from synapse.storage.state import StateFilter
@@ -1023,9 +1022,7 @@ class StateGroupWorkerStore(
         return set(row["state_group"] for row in rows)
 
 
-class StateBackgroundUpdateStore(
-    StateGroupBackgroundUpdateStore, BackgroundUpdateStore
-):
+class StateBackgroundUpdateStore(StateGroupBackgroundUpdateStore):
 
     STATE_GROUP_DEDUPLICATION_UPDATE_NAME = "state_group_state_deduplication"
     STATE_GROUP_INDEX_UPDATE_NAME = "state_group_state_type_index"
@@ -1034,21 +1031,21 @@ class StateBackgroundUpdateStore(
 
     def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
         super(StateBackgroundUpdateStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
-        self.register_background_update_handler(
+        self.db.updates.register_background_update_handler(
             self.STATE_GROUP_DEDUPLICATION_UPDATE_NAME,
             self._background_deduplicate_state,
         )
-        self.register_background_update_handler(
+        self.db.updates.register_background_update_handler(
             self.STATE_GROUP_INDEX_UPDATE_NAME, self._background_index_state
         )
-        self.register_background_index_update(
+        self.db.updates.register_background_index_update(
             self.CURRENT_STATE_INDEX_UPDATE_NAME,
             index_name="current_state_events_member_index",
             table="current_state_events",
             columns=["state_key"],
             where_clause="type='m.room.member'",
         )
-        self.register_background_index_update(
+        self.db.updates.register_background_index_update(
             self.EVENT_STATE_GROUP_INDEX_UPDATE_NAME,
             index_name="event_to_state_groups_sg_index",
             table="event_to_state_groups",
@@ -1181,7 +1178,7 @@ class StateBackgroundUpdateStore(
                 "max_group": max_group,
             }
 
-            self._background_update_progress_txn(
+            self.db.updates._background_update_progress_txn(
                 txn, self.STATE_GROUP_DEDUPLICATION_UPDATE_NAME, progress
             )
 
@@ -1192,7 +1189,7 @@ class StateBackgroundUpdateStore(
         )
 
         if finished:
-            yield self._end_background_update(
+            yield self.db.updates._end_background_update(
                 self.STATE_GROUP_DEDUPLICATION_UPDATE_NAME
             )
 
@@ -1224,7 +1221,7 @@ class StateBackgroundUpdateStore(
 
         yield self.db.runWithConnection(reindex_txn)
 
-        yield self._end_background_update(self.STATE_GROUP_INDEX_UPDATE_NAME)
+        yield self.db.updates._end_background_update(self.STATE_GROUP_INDEX_UPDATE_NAME)
 
         return 1
 
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/stats.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/stats.py
index 974ffc15bd..6b91988c2a 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/stats.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/stats.py
@@ -68,17 +68,17 @@ class StatsStore(StateDeltasStore):
 
         self.stats_delta_processing_lock = DeferredLock()
 
-        self.register_background_update_handler(
+        self.db.updates.register_background_update_handler(
             "populate_stats_process_rooms", self._populate_stats_process_rooms
         )
-        self.register_background_update_handler(
+        self.db.updates.register_background_update_handler(
             "populate_stats_process_users", self._populate_stats_process_users
         )
         # we no longer need to perform clean-up, but we will give ourselves
         # the potential to reintroduce it in the future – so documentation
         # will still encourage the use of this no-op handler.
-        self.register_noop_background_update("populate_stats_cleanup")
-        self.register_noop_background_update("populate_stats_prepare")
+        self.db.updates.register_noop_background_update("populate_stats_cleanup")
+        self.db.updates.register_noop_background_update("populate_stats_prepare")
 
     def quantise_stats_time(self, ts):
         """
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ class StatsStore(StateDeltasStore):
         This is a background update which regenerates statistics for users.
         """
         if not self.stats_enabled:
-            yield self._end_background_update("populate_stats_process_users")
+            yield self.db.updates._end_background_update("populate_stats_process_users")
             return 1
 
         last_user_id = progress.get("last_user_id", "")
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ class StatsStore(StateDeltasStore):
 
         # No more rooms -- complete the transaction.
         if not users_to_work_on:
-            yield self._end_background_update("populate_stats_process_users")
+            yield self.db.updates._end_background_update("populate_stats_process_users")
             return 1
 
         for user_id in users_to_work_on:
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ class StatsStore(StateDeltasStore):
 
         yield self.db.runInteraction(
             "populate_stats_process_users",
-            self._background_update_progress_txn,
+            self.db.updates._background_update_progress_txn,
             "populate_stats_process_users",
             progress,
         )
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ class StatsStore(StateDeltasStore):
         This is a background update which regenerates statistics for rooms.
         """
         if not self.stats_enabled:
-            yield self._end_background_update("populate_stats_process_rooms")
+            yield self.db.updates._end_background_update("populate_stats_process_rooms")
             return 1
 
         last_room_id = progress.get("last_room_id", "")
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ class StatsStore(StateDeltasStore):
 
         # No more rooms -- complete the transaction.
         if not rooms_to_work_on:
-            yield self._end_background_update("populate_stats_process_rooms")
+            yield self.db.updates._end_background_update("populate_stats_process_rooms")
             return 1
 
         for room_id in rooms_to_work_on:
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ class StatsStore(StateDeltasStore):
 
         yield self.db.runInteraction(
             "_populate_stats_process_rooms",
-            self._background_update_progress_txn,
+            self.db.updates._background_update_progress_txn,
             "populate_stats_process_rooms",
             progress,
         )
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/user_directory.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/user_directory.py
index 7118bd62f3..62ffb34b29 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/user_directory.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/user_directory.py
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ import re
 from twisted.internet import defer
 
 from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes, JoinRules
-from synapse.storage.background_updates import BackgroundUpdateStore
 from synapse.storage.data_stores.main.state import StateFilter
 from synapse.storage.data_stores.main.state_deltas import StateDeltasStore
 from synapse.storage.engines import PostgresEngine, Sqlite3Engine
@@ -32,7 +31,7 @@ logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 TEMP_TABLE = "_temp_populate_user_directory"
 
 
-class UserDirectoryBackgroundUpdateStore(StateDeltasStore, BackgroundUpdateStore):
+class UserDirectoryBackgroundUpdateStore(StateDeltasStore):
 
     # How many records do we calculate before sending it to
     # add_users_who_share_private_rooms?
@@ -43,19 +42,19 @@ class UserDirectoryBackgroundUpdateStore(StateDeltasStore, BackgroundUpdateStore
 
         self.server_name = hs.hostname
 
-        self.register_background_update_handler(
+        self.db.updates.register_background_update_handler(
             "populate_user_directory_createtables",
             self._populate_user_directory_createtables,
         )
-        self.register_background_update_handler(
+        self.db.updates.register_background_update_handler(
             "populate_user_directory_process_rooms",
             self._populate_user_directory_process_rooms,
         )
-        self.register_background_update_handler(
+        self.db.updates.register_background_update_handler(
             "populate_user_directory_process_users",
             self._populate_user_directory_process_users,
         )
-        self.register_background_update_handler(
+        self.db.updates.register_background_update_handler(
             "populate_user_directory_cleanup", self._populate_user_directory_cleanup
         )
 
@@ -108,7 +107,9 @@ class UserDirectoryBackgroundUpdateStore(StateDeltasStore, BackgroundUpdateStore
         )
         yield self.db.simple_insert(TEMP_TABLE + "_position", {"position": new_pos})
 
-        yield self._end_background_update("populate_user_directory_createtables")
+        yield self.db.updates._end_background_update(
+            "populate_user_directory_createtables"
+        )
         return 1
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -130,7 +131,7 @@ class UserDirectoryBackgroundUpdateStore(StateDeltasStore, BackgroundUpdateStore
             "populate_user_directory_cleanup", _delete_staging_area
         )
 
-        yield self._end_background_update("populate_user_directory_cleanup")
+        yield self.db.updates._end_background_update("populate_user_directory_cleanup")
         return 1
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -176,7 +177,9 @@ class UserDirectoryBackgroundUpdateStore(StateDeltasStore, BackgroundUpdateStore
 
         # No more rooms -- complete the transaction.
         if not rooms_to_work_on:
-            yield self._end_background_update("populate_user_directory_process_rooms")
+            yield self.db.updates._end_background_update(
+                "populate_user_directory_process_rooms"
+            )
             return 1
 
         logger.info(
@@ -248,7 +251,7 @@ class UserDirectoryBackgroundUpdateStore(StateDeltasStore, BackgroundUpdateStore
             progress["remaining"] -= 1
             yield self.db.runInteraction(
                 "populate_user_directory",
-                self._background_update_progress_txn,
+                self.db.updates._background_update_progress_txn,
                 "populate_user_directory_process_rooms",
                 progress,
             )
@@ -267,7 +270,9 @@ class UserDirectoryBackgroundUpdateStore(StateDeltasStore, BackgroundUpdateStore
         If search_all_users is enabled, add all of the users to the user directory.
         """
         if not self.hs.config.user_directory_search_all_users:
-            yield self._end_background_update("populate_user_directory_process_users")
+            yield self.db.updates._end_background_update(
+                "populate_user_directory_process_users"
+            )
             return 1
 
         def _get_next_batch(txn):
@@ -297,7 +302,9 @@ class UserDirectoryBackgroundUpdateStore(StateDeltasStore, BackgroundUpdateStore
 
         # No more users -- complete the transaction.
         if not users_to_work_on:
-            yield self._end_background_update("populate_user_directory_process_users")
+            yield self.db.updates._end_background_update(
+                "populate_user_directory_process_users"
+            )
             return 1
 
         logger.info(
@@ -317,7 +324,7 @@ class UserDirectoryBackgroundUpdateStore(StateDeltasStore, BackgroundUpdateStore
             progress["remaining"] -= 1
             yield self.db.runInteraction(
                 "populate_user_directory",
-                self._background_update_progress_txn,
+                self.db.updates._background_update_progress_txn,
                 "populate_user_directory_process_users",
                 progress,
             )
diff --git a/synapse/storage/database.py b/synapse/storage/database.py
index ac64d80806..be36c1b829 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/database.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/database.py
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ from twisted.internet import defer
 from synapse.api.errors import StoreError
 from synapse.logging.context import LoggingContext, make_deferred_yieldable
 from synapse.metrics.background_process_metrics import run_as_background_process
+from synapse.storage.background_updates import BackgroundUpdater
 from synapse.storage.engines import PostgresEngine, Sqlite3Engine
 from synapse.util.stringutils import exception_to_unicode
 
@@ -223,6 +224,8 @@ class Database(object):
         self._clock = hs.get_clock()
         self._db_pool = hs.get_db_pool()
 
+        self.updates = BackgroundUpdater(hs, self)
+
         self._previous_txn_total_time = 0
         self._current_txn_total_time = 0
         self._previous_loop_ts = 0
diff --git a/synmark/__init__.py b/synmark/__init__.py
index 570eb818d9..afe4fad8cb 100644
--- a/synmark/__init__.py
+++ b/synmark/__init__.py
@@ -47,9 +47,9 @@ async def make_homeserver(reactor, config=None):
     stor = hs.get_datastore()
 
     # Run the database background updates.
-    if hasattr(stor, "do_next_background_update"):
-        while not await stor.has_completed_background_updates():
-            await stor.do_next_background_update(1)
+    if hasattr(stor.db.updates, "do_next_background_update"):
+        while not await stor.db.updates.has_completed_background_updates():
+            await stor.db.updates.do_next_background_update(1)
 
     def cleanup():
         for i in cleanup_tasks:
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_stats.py b/tests/handlers/test_stats.py
index 7f7962c3dd..d9d312f0fb 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_stats.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_stats.py
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ class StatsRoomTests(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         Add the background updates we need to run.
         """
         # Ugh, have to reset this flag
-        self.store._all_done = False
+        self.store.db.updates._all_done = False
 
         self.get_success(
             self.store.db.simple_insert(
@@ -108,8 +108,12 @@ class StatsRoomTests(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         # Do the initial population of the stats via the background update
         self._add_background_updates()
 
-        while not self.get_success(self.store.has_completed_background_updates()):
-            self.get_success(self.store.do_next_background_update(100), by=0.1)
+        while not self.get_success(
+            self.store.db.updates.has_completed_background_updates()
+        ):
+            self.get_success(
+                self.store.db.updates.do_next_background_update(100), by=0.1
+            )
 
     def test_initial_room(self):
         """
@@ -141,8 +145,12 @@ class StatsRoomTests(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         # Do the initial population of the user directory via the background update
         self._add_background_updates()
 
-        while not self.get_success(self.store.has_completed_background_updates()):
-            self.get_success(self.store.do_next_background_update(100), by=0.1)
+        while not self.get_success(
+            self.store.db.updates.has_completed_background_updates()
+        ):
+            self.get_success(
+                self.store.db.updates.do_next_background_update(100), by=0.1
+            )
 
         r = self.get_success(self.get_all_room_state())
 
@@ -178,7 +186,7 @@ class StatsRoomTests(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         # the position that the deltas should begin at, once they take over.
         self.hs.config.stats_enabled = True
         self.handler.stats_enabled = True
-        self.store._all_done = False
+        self.store.db.updates._all_done = False
         self.get_success(
             self.store.db.simple_update_one(
                 table="stats_incremental_position",
@@ -194,8 +202,12 @@ class StatsRoomTests(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
             )
         )
 
-        while not self.get_success(self.store.has_completed_background_updates()):
-            self.get_success(self.store.do_next_background_update(100), by=0.1)
+        while not self.get_success(
+            self.store.db.updates.has_completed_background_updates()
+        ):
+            self.get_success(
+                self.store.db.updates.do_next_background_update(100), by=0.1
+            )
 
         # Now, before the table is actually ingested, add some more events.
         self.helper.invite(room=room_1, src=u1, targ=u2, tok=u1_token)
@@ -221,9 +233,13 @@ class StatsRoomTests(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
             )
         )
 
-        self.store._all_done = False
-        while not self.get_success(self.store.has_completed_background_updates()):
-            self.get_success(self.store.do_next_background_update(100), by=0.1)
+        self.store.db.updates._all_done = False
+        while not self.get_success(
+            self.store.db.updates.has_completed_background_updates()
+        ):
+            self.get_success(
+                self.store.db.updates.do_next_background_update(100), by=0.1
+            )
 
         self.reactor.advance(86401)
 
@@ -653,7 +669,7 @@ class StatsRoomTests(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
         # preparation stage of the initial background update
         # Ugh, have to reset this flag
-        self.store._all_done = False
+        self.store.db.updates._all_done = False
 
         self.get_success(
             self.store.db.simple_delete(
@@ -673,7 +689,7 @@ class StatsRoomTests(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
         # now do the background updates
 
-        self.store._all_done = False
+        self.store.db.updates._all_done = False
         self.get_success(
             self.store.db.simple_insert(
                 "background_updates",
@@ -705,8 +721,12 @@ class StatsRoomTests(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
             )
         )
 
-        while not self.get_success(self.store.has_completed_background_updates()):
-            self.get_success(self.store.do_next_background_update(100), by=0.1)
+        while not self.get_success(
+            self.store.db.updates.has_completed_background_updates()
+        ):
+            self.get_success(
+                self.store.db.updates.do_next_background_update(100), by=0.1
+            )
 
         r1stats_complete = self._get_current_stats("room", r1)
         u1stats_complete = self._get_current_stats("user", u1)
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_user_directory.py b/tests/handlers/test_user_directory.py
index bc9d441541..26071059d2 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_user_directory.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_user_directory.py
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ class UserDirectoryTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         Add the background updates we need to run.
         """
         # Ugh, have to reset this flag
-        self.store._all_done = False
+        self.store.db.updates._all_done = False
 
         self.get_success(
             self.store.db.simple_insert(
@@ -255,8 +255,12 @@ class UserDirectoryTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         # Do the initial population of the user directory via the background update
         self._add_background_updates()
 
-        while not self.get_success(self.store.has_completed_background_updates()):
-            self.get_success(self.store.do_next_background_update(100), by=0.1)
+        while not self.get_success(
+            self.store.db.updates.has_completed_background_updates()
+        ):
+            self.get_success(
+                self.store.db.updates.do_next_background_update(100), by=0.1
+            )
 
         shares_private = self.get_users_who_share_private_rooms()
         public_users = self.get_users_in_public_rooms()
@@ -290,8 +294,12 @@ class UserDirectoryTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         # Do the initial population of the user directory via the background update
         self._add_background_updates()
 
-        while not self.get_success(self.store.has_completed_background_updates()):
-            self.get_success(self.store.do_next_background_update(100), by=0.1)
+        while not self.get_success(
+            self.store.db.updates.has_completed_background_updates()
+        ):
+            self.get_success(
+                self.store.db.updates.do_next_background_update(100), by=0.1
+            )
 
         shares_private = self.get_users_who_share_private_rooms()
         public_users = self.get_users_in_public_rooms()
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_background_update.py b/tests/storage/test_background_update.py
index e360297df9..aec76f4ab1 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_background_update.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_background_update.py
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ class BackgroundUpdateTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
         self.update_handler = Mock()
 
-        yield self.store.register_background_update_handler(
+        yield self.store.db.updates.register_background_update_handler(
             "test_update", self.update_handler
         )
 
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ class BackgroundUpdateTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         # (perhaps we should run them as part of the test HS setup, since we
         # run all of the other schema setup stuff there?)
         while True:
-            res = yield self.store.do_next_background_update(1000)
+            res = yield self.store.db.updates.do_next_background_update(1000)
             if res is None:
                 break
 
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ class BackgroundUpdateTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             progress = {"my_key": progress["my_key"] + 1}
             yield self.store.db.runInteraction(
                 "update_progress",
-                self.store._background_update_progress_txn,
+                self.store.db.updates._background_update_progress_txn,
                 "test_update",
                 progress,
             )
@@ -47,29 +47,37 @@ class BackgroundUpdateTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
         self.update_handler.side_effect = update
 
-        yield self.store.start_background_update("test_update", {"my_key": 1})
+        yield self.store.db.updates.start_background_update(
+            "test_update", {"my_key": 1}
+        )
 
         self.update_handler.reset_mock()
-        result = yield self.store.do_next_background_update(duration_ms * desired_count)
+        result = yield self.store.db.updates.do_next_background_update(
+            duration_ms * desired_count
+        )
         self.assertIsNotNone(result)
         self.update_handler.assert_called_once_with(
-            {"my_key": 1}, self.store.DEFAULT_BACKGROUND_BATCH_SIZE
+            {"my_key": 1}, self.store.db.updates.DEFAULT_BACKGROUND_BATCH_SIZE
         )
 
         # second step: complete the update
         @defer.inlineCallbacks
         def update(progress, count):
-            yield self.store._end_background_update("test_update")
+            yield self.store.db.updates._end_background_update("test_update")
             return count
 
         self.update_handler.side_effect = update
         self.update_handler.reset_mock()
-        result = yield self.store.do_next_background_update(duration_ms * desired_count)
+        result = yield self.store.db.updates.do_next_background_update(
+            duration_ms * desired_count
+        )
         self.assertIsNotNone(result)
         self.update_handler.assert_called_once_with({"my_key": 2}, desired_count)
 
         # third step: we don't expect to be called any more
         self.update_handler.reset_mock()
-        result = yield self.store.do_next_background_update(duration_ms * desired_count)
+        result = yield self.store.db.updates.do_next_background_update(
+            duration_ms * desired_count
+        )
         self.assertIsNone(result)
         self.assertFalse(self.update_handler.called)
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_cleanup_extrems.py b/tests/storage/test_cleanup_extrems.py
index e454bbff29..029ac26454 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_cleanup_extrems.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_cleanup_extrems.py
@@ -46,7 +46,9 @@ class CleanupExtremBackgroundUpdateStoreTestCase(HomeserverTestCase):
         """Re run the background update to clean up the extremities.
         """
         # Make sure we don't clash with in progress updates.
-        self.assertTrue(self.store._all_done, "Background updates are still ongoing")
+        self.assertTrue(
+            self.store.db.updates._all_done, "Background updates are still ongoing"
+        )
 
         schema_path = os.path.join(
             prepare_database.dir_path,
@@ -68,10 +70,14 @@ class CleanupExtremBackgroundUpdateStoreTestCase(HomeserverTestCase):
         )
 
         # Ugh, have to reset this flag
-        self.store._all_done = False
+        self.store.db.updates._all_done = False
 
-        while not self.get_success(self.store.has_completed_background_updates()):
-            self.get_success(self.store.do_next_background_update(100), by=0.1)
+        while not self.get_success(
+            self.store.db.updates.has_completed_background_updates()
+        ):
+            self.get_success(
+                self.store.db.updates.do_next_background_update(100), by=0.1
+            )
 
     def test_soft_failed_extremities_handled_correctly(self):
         """Test that extremities are correctly calculated in the presence of
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_client_ips.py b/tests/storage/test_client_ips.py
index c4f838907c..fc279340d4 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_client_ips.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_client_ips.py
@@ -202,8 +202,12 @@ class ClientIpStoreTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
     def test_devices_last_seen_bg_update(self):
         # First make sure we have completed all updates.
-        while not self.get_success(self.store.has_completed_background_updates()):
-            self.get_success(self.store.do_next_background_update(100), by=0.1)
+        while not self.get_success(
+            self.store.db.updates.has_completed_background_updates()
+        ):
+            self.get_success(
+                self.store.db.updates.do_next_background_update(100), by=0.1
+            )
 
         # Insert a user IP
         user_id = "@user:id"
@@ -256,11 +260,15 @@ class ClientIpStoreTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         )
 
         # ... and tell the DataStore that it hasn't finished all updates yet
-        self.store._all_done = False
+        self.store.db.updates._all_done = False
 
         # Now let's actually drive the updates to completion
-        while not self.get_success(self.store.has_completed_background_updates()):
-            self.get_success(self.store.do_next_background_update(100), by=0.1)
+        while not self.get_success(
+            self.store.db.updates.has_completed_background_updates()
+        ):
+            self.get_success(
+                self.store.db.updates.do_next_background_update(100), by=0.1
+            )
 
         # We should now get the correct result again
         result = self.get_success(
@@ -281,8 +289,12 @@ class ClientIpStoreTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
     def test_old_user_ips_pruned(self):
         # First make sure we have completed all updates.
-        while not self.get_success(self.store.has_completed_background_updates()):
-            self.get_success(self.store.do_next_background_update(100), by=0.1)
+        while not self.get_success(
+            self.store.db.updates.has_completed_background_updates()
+        ):
+            self.get_success(
+                self.store.db.updates.do_next_background_update(100), by=0.1
+            )
 
         # Insert a user IP
         user_id = "@user:id"
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_roommember.py b/tests/storage/test_roommember.py
index 5f957680a2..7840f63fe3 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_roommember.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_roommember.py
@@ -122,8 +122,12 @@ class CurrentStateMembershipUpdateTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
     def test_can_rerun_update(self):
         # First make sure we have completed all updates.
-        while not self.get_success(self.store.has_completed_background_updates()):
-            self.get_success(self.store.do_next_background_update(100), by=0.1)
+        while not self.get_success(
+            self.store.db.updates.has_completed_background_updates()
+        ):
+            self.get_success(
+                self.store.db.updates.do_next_background_update(100), by=0.1
+            )
 
         # Now let's create a room, which will insert a membership
         user = UserID("alice", "test")
@@ -143,8 +147,12 @@ class CurrentStateMembershipUpdateTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         )
 
         # ... and tell the DataStore that it hasn't finished all updates yet
-        self.store._all_done = False
+        self.store.db.updates._all_done = False
 
         # Now let's actually drive the updates to completion
-        while not self.get_success(self.store.has_completed_background_updates()):
-            self.get_success(self.store.do_next_background_update(100), by=0.1)
+        while not self.get_success(
+            self.store.db.updates.has_completed_background_updates()
+        ):
+            self.get_success(
+                self.store.db.updates.do_next_background_update(100), by=0.1
+            )
diff --git a/tests/unittest.py b/tests/unittest.py
index fc856a574a..68d245ec9f 100644
--- a/tests/unittest.py
+++ b/tests/unittest.py
@@ -401,10 +401,12 @@ class HomeserverTestCase(TestCase):
         hs = setup_test_homeserver(self.addCleanup, *args, **kwargs)
         stor = hs.get_datastore()
 
-        # Run the database background updates.
-        if hasattr(stor, "do_next_background_update"):
-            while not self.get_success(stor.has_completed_background_updates()):
-                self.get_success(stor.do_next_background_update(1))
+        # Run the database background updates, when running against "master".
+        if hs.__class__.__name__ == "TestHomeServer":
+            while not self.get_success(
+                stor.db.updates.has_completed_background_updates()
+            ):
+                self.get_success(stor.db.updates.do_next_background_update(1))
 
         return hs
 
-- 
cgit 1.5.1


From 8437e2383ed2dffacca5395851023eeacb33d7ba Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Erik Johnston <erik@matrix.org>
Date: Thu, 5 Dec 2019 17:58:25 +0000
Subject: Port SyncHandler to async/await

---
 synapse/handlers/events.py  |  30 +++---
 synapse/handlers/sync.py    | 251 +++++++++++++++++++++-----------------------
 synapse/notifier.py         |  29 +++--
 synapse/util/metrics.py     |  23 ++--
 tests/handlers/test_sync.py |  33 +++---
 tests/unittest.py           |   7 +-
 6 files changed, 182 insertions(+), 191 deletions(-)

(limited to 'tests/handlers')

diff --git a/synapse/handlers/events.py b/synapse/handlers/events.py
index 45fe13c62f..ec18a42a68 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/events.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/events.py
@@ -16,8 +16,6 @@
 import logging
 import random
 
-from twisted.internet import defer
-
 from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes, Membership
 from synapse.api.errors import AuthError, SynapseError
 from synapse.events import EventBase
@@ -50,9 +48,8 @@ class EventStreamHandler(BaseHandler):
         self._server_notices_sender = hs.get_server_notices_sender()
         self._event_serializer = hs.get_event_client_serializer()
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
     @log_function
-    def get_stream(
+    async def get_stream(
         self,
         auth_user_id,
         pagin_config,
@@ -69,17 +66,17 @@ class EventStreamHandler(BaseHandler):
         """
 
         if room_id:
-            blocked = yield self.store.is_room_blocked(room_id)
+            blocked = await self.store.is_room_blocked(room_id)
             if blocked:
                 raise SynapseError(403, "This room has been blocked on this server")
 
         # send any outstanding server notices to the user.
-        yield self._server_notices_sender.on_user_syncing(auth_user_id)
+        await self._server_notices_sender.on_user_syncing(auth_user_id)
 
         auth_user = UserID.from_string(auth_user_id)
         presence_handler = self.hs.get_presence_handler()
 
-        context = yield presence_handler.user_syncing(
+        context = await presence_handler.user_syncing(
             auth_user_id, affect_presence=affect_presence
         )
         with context:
@@ -91,7 +88,7 @@ class EventStreamHandler(BaseHandler):
                 # thundering herds on restart.
                 timeout = random.randint(int(timeout * 0.9), int(timeout * 1.1))
 
-            events, tokens = yield self.notifier.get_events_for(
+            events, tokens = await self.notifier.get_events_for(
                 auth_user,
                 pagin_config,
                 timeout,
@@ -112,14 +109,14 @@ class EventStreamHandler(BaseHandler):
                     # Send down presence.
                     if event.state_key == auth_user_id:
                         # Send down presence for everyone in the room.
-                        users = yield self.state.get_current_users_in_room(
+                        users = await self.state.get_current_users_in_room(
                             event.room_id
                         )
-                        states = yield presence_handler.get_states(users, as_event=True)
+                        states = await presence_handler.get_states(users, as_event=True)
                         to_add.extend(states)
                     else:
 
-                        ev = yield presence_handler.get_state(
+                        ev = await presence_handler.get_state(
                             UserID.from_string(event.state_key), as_event=True
                         )
                         to_add.append(ev)
@@ -128,7 +125,7 @@ class EventStreamHandler(BaseHandler):
 
             time_now = self.clock.time_msec()
 
-            chunks = yield self._event_serializer.serialize_events(
+            chunks = await self._event_serializer.serialize_events(
                 events,
                 time_now,
                 as_client_event=as_client_event,
@@ -151,8 +148,7 @@ class EventHandler(BaseHandler):
         super(EventHandler, self).__init__(hs)
         self.storage = hs.get_storage()
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_event(self, user, room_id, event_id):
+    async def get_event(self, user, room_id, event_id):
         """Retrieve a single specified event.
 
         Args:
@@ -167,15 +163,15 @@ class EventHandler(BaseHandler):
             AuthError if the user does not have the rights to inspect this
             event.
         """
-        event = yield self.store.get_event(event_id, check_room_id=room_id)
+        event = await self.store.get_event(event_id, check_room_id=room_id)
 
         if not event:
             return None
 
-        users = yield self.store.get_users_in_room(event.room_id)
+        users = await self.store.get_users_in_room(event.room_id)
         is_peeking = user.to_string() not in users
 
-        filtered = yield filter_events_for_client(
+        filtered = await filter_events_for_client(
             self.storage, user.to_string(), [event], is_peeking=is_peeking
         )
 
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/sync.py b/synapse/handlers/sync.py
index b536d410e5..12751fd8c0 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/sync.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/sync.py
@@ -22,8 +22,6 @@ from six import iteritems, itervalues
 
 from prometheus_client import Counter
 
-from twisted.internet import defer
-
 from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes, Membership
 from synapse.logging.context import LoggingContext
 from synapse.push.clientformat import format_push_rules_for_user
@@ -241,8 +239,7 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
             expiry_ms=LAZY_LOADED_MEMBERS_CACHE_MAX_AGE,
         )
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def wait_for_sync_for_user(
+    async def wait_for_sync_for_user(
         self, sync_config, since_token=None, timeout=0, full_state=False
     ):
         """Get the sync for a client if we have new data for it now. Otherwise
@@ -255,9 +252,9 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
         # not been exceeded (if not part of the group by this point, almost certain
         # auth_blocking will occur)
         user_id = sync_config.user.to_string()
-        yield self.auth.check_auth_blocking(user_id)
+        await self.auth.check_auth_blocking(user_id)
 
-        res = yield self.response_cache.wrap(
+        res = await self.response_cache.wrap(
             sync_config.request_key,
             self._wait_for_sync_for_user,
             sync_config,
@@ -267,8 +264,9 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
         )
         return res
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _wait_for_sync_for_user(self, sync_config, since_token, timeout, full_state):
+    async def _wait_for_sync_for_user(
+        self, sync_config, since_token, timeout, full_state
+    ):
         if since_token is None:
             sync_type = "initial_sync"
         elif full_state:
@@ -283,7 +281,7 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
         if timeout == 0 or since_token is None or full_state:
             # we are going to return immediately, so don't bother calling
             # notifier.wait_for_events.
-            result = yield self.current_sync_for_user(
+            result = await self.current_sync_for_user(
                 sync_config, since_token, full_state=full_state
             )
         else:
@@ -291,7 +289,7 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
             def current_sync_callback(before_token, after_token):
                 return self.current_sync_for_user(sync_config, since_token)
 
-            result = yield self.notifier.wait_for_events(
+            result = await self.notifier.wait_for_events(
                 sync_config.user.to_string(),
                 timeout,
                 current_sync_callback,
@@ -314,15 +312,13 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
         """
         return self.generate_sync_result(sync_config, since_token, full_state)
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def push_rules_for_user(self, user):
+    async def push_rules_for_user(self, user):
         user_id = user.to_string()
-        rules = yield self.store.get_push_rules_for_user(user_id)
+        rules = await self.store.get_push_rules_for_user(user_id)
         rules = format_push_rules_for_user(user, rules)
         return rules
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def ephemeral_by_room(self, sync_result_builder, now_token, since_token=None):
+    async def ephemeral_by_room(self, sync_result_builder, now_token, since_token=None):
         """Get the ephemeral events for each room the user is in
         Args:
             sync_result_builder(SyncResultBuilder)
@@ -343,7 +339,7 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
             room_ids = sync_result_builder.joined_room_ids
 
             typing_source = self.event_sources.sources["typing"]
-            typing, typing_key = yield typing_source.get_new_events(
+            typing, typing_key = typing_source.get_new_events(
                 user=sync_config.user,
                 from_key=typing_key,
                 limit=sync_config.filter_collection.ephemeral_limit(),
@@ -365,7 +361,7 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
             receipt_key = since_token.receipt_key if since_token else "0"
 
             receipt_source = self.event_sources.sources["receipt"]
-            receipts, receipt_key = yield receipt_source.get_new_events(
+            receipts, receipt_key = await receipt_source.get_new_events(
                 user=sync_config.user,
                 from_key=receipt_key,
                 limit=sync_config.filter_collection.ephemeral_limit(),
@@ -382,8 +378,7 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
 
         return now_token, ephemeral_by_room
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _load_filtered_recents(
+    async def _load_filtered_recents(
         self,
         room_id,
         sync_config,
@@ -415,10 +410,10 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
                 # ensure that we always include current state in the timeline
                 current_state_ids = frozenset()
                 if any(e.is_state() for e in recents):
-                    current_state_ids = yield self.state.get_current_state_ids(room_id)
+                    current_state_ids = await self.state.get_current_state_ids(room_id)
                     current_state_ids = frozenset(itervalues(current_state_ids))
 
-                recents = yield filter_events_for_client(
+                recents = await filter_events_for_client(
                     self.storage,
                     sync_config.user.to_string(),
                     recents,
@@ -449,14 +444,14 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
                 # Otherwise, we want to return the last N events in the room
                 # in toplogical ordering.
                 if since_key:
-                    events, end_key = yield self.store.get_room_events_stream_for_room(
+                    events, end_key = await self.store.get_room_events_stream_for_room(
                         room_id,
                         limit=load_limit + 1,
                         from_key=since_key,
                         to_key=end_key,
                     )
                 else:
-                    events, end_key = yield self.store.get_recent_events_for_room(
+                    events, end_key = await self.store.get_recent_events_for_room(
                         room_id, limit=load_limit + 1, end_token=end_key
                     )
                 loaded_recents = sync_config.filter_collection.filter_room_timeline(
@@ -468,10 +463,10 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
                 # ensure that we always include current state in the timeline
                 current_state_ids = frozenset()
                 if any(e.is_state() for e in loaded_recents):
-                    current_state_ids = yield self.state.get_current_state_ids(room_id)
+                    current_state_ids = await self.state.get_current_state_ids(room_id)
                     current_state_ids = frozenset(itervalues(current_state_ids))
 
-                loaded_recents = yield filter_events_for_client(
+                loaded_recents = await filter_events_for_client(
                     self.storage,
                     sync_config.user.to_string(),
                     loaded_recents,
@@ -498,8 +493,7 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
             limited=limited or newly_joined_room,
         )
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_state_after_event(self, event, state_filter=StateFilter.all()):
+    async def get_state_after_event(self, event, state_filter=StateFilter.all()):
         """
         Get the room state after the given event
 
@@ -511,7 +505,7 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
         Returns:
             A Deferred map from ((type, state_key)->Event)
         """
-        state_ids = yield self.state_store.get_state_ids_for_event(
+        state_ids = await self.state_store.get_state_ids_for_event(
             event.event_id, state_filter=state_filter
         )
         if event.is_state():
@@ -519,8 +513,9 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
             state_ids[(event.type, event.state_key)] = event.event_id
         return state_ids
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_state_at(self, room_id, stream_position, state_filter=StateFilter.all()):
+    async def get_state_at(
+        self, room_id, stream_position, state_filter=StateFilter.all()
+    ):
         """ Get the room state at a particular stream position
 
         Args:
@@ -536,13 +531,13 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
         # get_recent_events_for_room operates by topo ordering. This therefore
         # does not reliably give you the state at the given stream position.
         # (https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/3305)
-        last_events, _ = yield self.store.get_recent_events_for_room(
+        last_events, _ = await self.store.get_recent_events_for_room(
             room_id, end_token=stream_position.room_key, limit=1
         )
 
         if last_events:
             last_event = last_events[-1]
-            state = yield self.get_state_after_event(
+            state = await self.get_state_after_event(
                 last_event, state_filter=state_filter
             )
 
@@ -551,8 +546,7 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
             state = {}
         return state
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def compute_summary(self, room_id, sync_config, batch, state, now_token):
+    async def compute_summary(self, room_id, sync_config, batch, state, now_token):
         """ Works out a room summary block for this room, summarising the number
         of joined members in the room, and providing the 'hero' members if the
         room has no name so clients can consistently name rooms.  Also adds
@@ -574,7 +568,7 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
         # FIXME: we could/should get this from room_stats when matthew/stats lands
 
         # FIXME: this promulgates https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/3305
-        last_events, _ = yield self.store.get_recent_event_ids_for_room(
+        last_events, _ = await self.store.get_recent_event_ids_for_room(
             room_id, end_token=now_token.room_key, limit=1
         )
 
@@ -582,7 +576,7 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
             return None
 
         last_event = last_events[-1]
-        state_ids = yield self.state_store.get_state_ids_for_event(
+        state_ids = await self.state_store.get_state_ids_for_event(
             last_event.event_id,
             state_filter=StateFilter.from_types(
                 [(EventTypes.Name, ""), (EventTypes.CanonicalAlias, "")]
@@ -590,7 +584,7 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
         )
 
         # this is heavily cached, thus: fast.
-        details = yield self.store.get_room_summary(room_id)
+        details = await self.store.get_room_summary(room_id)
 
         name_id = state_ids.get((EventTypes.Name, ""))
         canonical_alias_id = state_ids.get((EventTypes.CanonicalAlias, ""))
@@ -608,12 +602,12 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
         # calculating heroes. Empty strings are falsey, so we check
         # for the "name" value and default to an empty string.
         if name_id:
-            name = yield self.store.get_event(name_id, allow_none=True)
+            name = await self.store.get_event(name_id, allow_none=True)
             if name and name.content.get("name"):
                 return summary
 
         if canonical_alias_id:
-            canonical_alias = yield self.store.get_event(
+            canonical_alias = await self.store.get_event(
                 canonical_alias_id, allow_none=True
             )
             if canonical_alias and canonical_alias.content.get("alias"):
@@ -678,7 +672,7 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
             )
         ]
 
-        missing_hero_state = yield self.store.get_events(missing_hero_event_ids)
+        missing_hero_state = await self.store.get_events(missing_hero_event_ids)
         missing_hero_state = missing_hero_state.values()
 
         for s in missing_hero_state:
@@ -697,8 +691,7 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
             logger.debug("found LruCache for %r", cache_key)
         return cache
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def compute_state_delta(
+    async def compute_state_delta(
         self, room_id, batch, sync_config, since_token, now_token, full_state
     ):
         """ Works out the difference in state between the start of the timeline
@@ -759,16 +752,16 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
 
             if full_state:
                 if batch:
-                    current_state_ids = yield self.state_store.get_state_ids_for_event(
+                    current_state_ids = await self.state_store.get_state_ids_for_event(
                         batch.events[-1].event_id, state_filter=state_filter
                     )
 
-                    state_ids = yield self.state_store.get_state_ids_for_event(
+                    state_ids = await self.state_store.get_state_ids_for_event(
                         batch.events[0].event_id, state_filter=state_filter
                     )
 
                 else:
-                    current_state_ids = yield self.get_state_at(
+                    current_state_ids = await self.get_state_at(
                         room_id, stream_position=now_token, state_filter=state_filter
                     )
 
@@ -783,13 +776,13 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
                 )
             elif batch.limited:
                 if batch:
-                    state_at_timeline_start = yield self.state_store.get_state_ids_for_event(
+                    state_at_timeline_start = await self.state_store.get_state_ids_for_event(
                         batch.events[0].event_id, state_filter=state_filter
                     )
                 else:
                     # We can get here if the user has ignored the senders of all
                     # the recent events.
-                    state_at_timeline_start = yield self.get_state_at(
+                    state_at_timeline_start = await self.get_state_at(
                         room_id, stream_position=now_token, state_filter=state_filter
                     )
 
@@ -807,19 +800,19 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
                 # about them).
                 state_filter = StateFilter.all()
 
-                state_at_previous_sync = yield self.get_state_at(
+                state_at_previous_sync = await self.get_state_at(
                     room_id, stream_position=since_token, state_filter=state_filter
                 )
 
                 if batch:
-                    current_state_ids = yield self.state_store.get_state_ids_for_event(
+                    current_state_ids = await self.state_store.get_state_ids_for_event(
                         batch.events[-1].event_id, state_filter=state_filter
                     )
                 else:
                     # Its not clear how we get here, but empirically we do
                     # (#5407). Logging has been added elsewhere to try and
                     # figure out where this state comes from.
-                    current_state_ids = yield self.get_state_at(
+                    current_state_ids = await self.get_state_at(
                         room_id, stream_position=now_token, state_filter=state_filter
                     )
 
@@ -843,7 +836,7 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
                         # So we fish out all the member events corresponding to the
                         # timeline here, and then dedupe any redundant ones below.
 
-                        state_ids = yield self.state_store.get_state_ids_for_event(
+                        state_ids = await self.state_store.get_state_ids_for_event(
                             batch.events[0].event_id,
                             # we only want members!
                             state_filter=StateFilter.from_types(
@@ -883,7 +876,7 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
 
         state = {}
         if state_ids:
-            state = yield self.store.get_events(list(state_ids.values()))
+            state = await self.store.get_events(list(state_ids.values()))
 
         return {
             (e.type, e.state_key): e
@@ -892,10 +885,9 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
             )
         }
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def unread_notifs_for_room_id(self, room_id, sync_config):
+    async def unread_notifs_for_room_id(self, room_id, sync_config):
         with Measure(self.clock, "unread_notifs_for_room_id"):
-            last_unread_event_id = yield self.store.get_last_receipt_event_id_for_user(
+            last_unread_event_id = await self.store.get_last_receipt_event_id_for_user(
                 user_id=sync_config.user.to_string(),
                 room_id=room_id,
                 receipt_type="m.read",
@@ -903,7 +895,7 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
 
             notifs = []
             if last_unread_event_id:
-                notifs = yield self.store.get_unread_event_push_actions_by_room_for_user(
+                notifs = await self.store.get_unread_event_push_actions_by_room_for_user(
                     room_id, sync_config.user.to_string(), last_unread_event_id
                 )
                 return notifs
@@ -912,8 +904,9 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
         # count is whatever it was last time.
         return None
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def generate_sync_result(self, sync_config, since_token=None, full_state=False):
+    async def generate_sync_result(
+        self, sync_config, since_token=None, full_state=False
+    ):
         """Generates a sync result.
 
         Args:
@@ -928,7 +921,7 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
         # this is due to some of the underlying streams not supporting the ability
         # to query up to a given point.
         # Always use the `now_token` in `SyncResultBuilder`
-        now_token = yield self.event_sources.get_current_token()
+        now_token = await self.event_sources.get_current_token()
 
         logger.info(
             "Calculating sync response for %r between %s and %s",
@@ -944,10 +937,9 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
             # See https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-doc/issues/1144
             raise NotImplementedError()
         else:
-            joined_room_ids = yield self.get_rooms_for_user_at(
+            joined_room_ids = await self.get_rooms_for_user_at(
                 user_id, now_token.room_stream_id
             )
-
         sync_result_builder = SyncResultBuilder(
             sync_config,
             full_state,
@@ -956,11 +948,11 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
             joined_room_ids=joined_room_ids,
         )
 
-        account_data_by_room = yield self._generate_sync_entry_for_account_data(
+        account_data_by_room = await self._generate_sync_entry_for_account_data(
             sync_result_builder
         )
 
-        res = yield self._generate_sync_entry_for_rooms(
+        res = await self._generate_sync_entry_for_rooms(
             sync_result_builder, account_data_by_room
         )
         newly_joined_rooms, newly_joined_or_invited_users, _, _ = res
@@ -970,13 +962,13 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
             since_token is None and sync_config.filter_collection.blocks_all_presence()
         )
         if self.hs_config.use_presence and not block_all_presence_data:
-            yield self._generate_sync_entry_for_presence(
+            await self._generate_sync_entry_for_presence(
                 sync_result_builder, newly_joined_rooms, newly_joined_or_invited_users
             )
 
-        yield self._generate_sync_entry_for_to_device(sync_result_builder)
+        await self._generate_sync_entry_for_to_device(sync_result_builder)
 
-        device_lists = yield self._generate_sync_entry_for_device_list(
+        device_lists = await self._generate_sync_entry_for_device_list(
             sync_result_builder,
             newly_joined_rooms=newly_joined_rooms,
             newly_joined_or_invited_users=newly_joined_or_invited_users,
@@ -987,11 +979,11 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
         device_id = sync_config.device_id
         one_time_key_counts = {}
         if device_id:
-            one_time_key_counts = yield self.store.count_e2e_one_time_keys(
+            one_time_key_counts = await self.store.count_e2e_one_time_keys(
                 user_id, device_id
             )
 
-        yield self._generate_sync_entry_for_groups(sync_result_builder)
+        await self._generate_sync_entry_for_groups(sync_result_builder)
 
         # debug for https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/4422
         for joined_room in sync_result_builder.joined:
@@ -1015,18 +1007,17 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
         )
 
     @measure_func("_generate_sync_entry_for_groups")
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _generate_sync_entry_for_groups(self, sync_result_builder):
+    async def _generate_sync_entry_for_groups(self, sync_result_builder):
         user_id = sync_result_builder.sync_config.user.to_string()
         since_token = sync_result_builder.since_token
         now_token = sync_result_builder.now_token
 
         if since_token and since_token.groups_key:
-            results = yield self.store.get_groups_changes_for_user(
+            results = self.store.get_groups_changes_for_user(
                 user_id, since_token.groups_key, now_token.groups_key
             )
         else:
-            results = yield self.store.get_all_groups_for_user(
+            results = await self.store.get_all_groups_for_user(
                 user_id, now_token.groups_key
             )
 
@@ -1059,8 +1050,7 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
         )
 
     @measure_func("_generate_sync_entry_for_device_list")
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _generate_sync_entry_for_device_list(
+    async def _generate_sync_entry_for_device_list(
         self,
         sync_result_builder,
         newly_joined_rooms,
@@ -1108,32 +1098,32 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
             # room with by looking at all users that have left a room plus users
             # that were in a room we've left.
 
-            users_who_share_room = yield self.store.get_users_who_share_room_with_user(
+            users_who_share_room = await self.store.get_users_who_share_room_with_user(
                 user_id
             )
 
             # Step 1a, check for changes in devices of users we share a room with
-            users_that_have_changed = yield self.store.get_users_whose_devices_changed(
+            users_that_have_changed = await self.store.get_users_whose_devices_changed(
                 since_token.device_list_key, users_who_share_room
             )
 
             # Step 1b, check for newly joined rooms
             for room_id in newly_joined_rooms:
-                joined_users = yield self.state.get_current_users_in_room(room_id)
+                joined_users = await self.state.get_current_users_in_room(room_id)
                 newly_joined_or_invited_users.update(joined_users)
 
             # TODO: Check that these users are actually new, i.e. either they
             # weren't in the previous sync *or* they left and rejoined.
             users_that_have_changed.update(newly_joined_or_invited_users)
 
-            user_signatures_changed = yield self.store.get_users_whose_signatures_changed(
+            user_signatures_changed = await self.store.get_users_whose_signatures_changed(
                 user_id, since_token.device_list_key
             )
             users_that_have_changed.update(user_signatures_changed)
 
             # Now find users that we no longer track
             for room_id in newly_left_rooms:
-                left_users = yield self.state.get_current_users_in_room(room_id)
+                left_users = await self.state.get_current_users_in_room(room_id)
                 newly_left_users.update(left_users)
 
             # Remove any users that we still share a room with.
@@ -1143,8 +1133,7 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
         else:
             return DeviceLists(changed=[], left=[])
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _generate_sync_entry_for_to_device(self, sync_result_builder):
+    async def _generate_sync_entry_for_to_device(self, sync_result_builder):
         """Generates the portion of the sync response. Populates
         `sync_result_builder` with the result.
 
@@ -1165,14 +1154,14 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
             # We only delete messages when a new message comes in, but that's
             # fine so long as we delete them at some point.
 
-            deleted = yield self.store.delete_messages_for_device(
+            deleted = await self.store.delete_messages_for_device(
                 user_id, device_id, since_stream_id
             )
             logger.debug(
                 "Deleted %d to-device messages up to %d", deleted, since_stream_id
             )
 
-            messages, stream_id = yield self.store.get_new_messages_for_device(
+            messages, stream_id = await self.store.get_new_messages_for_device(
                 user_id, device_id, since_stream_id, now_token.to_device_key
             )
 
@@ -1190,8 +1179,7 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
         else:
             sync_result_builder.to_device = []
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _generate_sync_entry_for_account_data(self, sync_result_builder):
+    async def _generate_sync_entry_for_account_data(self, sync_result_builder):
         """Generates the account data portion of the sync response. Populates
         `sync_result_builder` with the result.
 
@@ -1209,25 +1197,25 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
             (
                 account_data,
                 account_data_by_room,
-            ) = yield self.store.get_updated_account_data_for_user(
+            ) = self.store.get_updated_account_data_for_user(
                 user_id, since_token.account_data_key
             )
 
-            push_rules_changed = yield self.store.have_push_rules_changed_for_user(
+            push_rules_changed = await self.store.have_push_rules_changed_for_user(
                 user_id, int(since_token.push_rules_key)
             )
 
             if push_rules_changed:
-                account_data["m.push_rules"] = yield self.push_rules_for_user(
+                account_data["m.push_rules"] = await self.push_rules_for_user(
                     sync_config.user
                 )
         else:
             (
                 account_data,
                 account_data_by_room,
-            ) = yield self.store.get_account_data_for_user(sync_config.user.to_string())
+            ) = await self.store.get_account_data_for_user(sync_config.user.to_string())
 
-            account_data["m.push_rules"] = yield self.push_rules_for_user(
+            account_data["m.push_rules"] = await self.push_rules_for_user(
                 sync_config.user
             )
 
@@ -1242,8 +1230,7 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
 
         return account_data_by_room
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _generate_sync_entry_for_presence(
+    async def _generate_sync_entry_for_presence(
         self, sync_result_builder, newly_joined_rooms, newly_joined_or_invited_users
     ):
         """Generates the presence portion of the sync response. Populates the
@@ -1271,7 +1258,7 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
             presence_key = None
             include_offline = False
 
-        presence, presence_key = yield presence_source.get_new_events(
+        presence, presence_key = await presence_source.get_new_events(
             user=user,
             from_key=presence_key,
             is_guest=sync_config.is_guest,
@@ -1283,12 +1270,12 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
 
         extra_users_ids = set(newly_joined_or_invited_users)
         for room_id in newly_joined_rooms:
-            users = yield self.state.get_current_users_in_room(room_id)
+            users = await self.state.get_current_users_in_room(room_id)
             extra_users_ids.update(users)
         extra_users_ids.discard(user.to_string())
 
         if extra_users_ids:
-            states = yield self.presence_handler.get_states(extra_users_ids)
+            states = await self.presence_handler.get_states(extra_users_ids)
             presence.extend(states)
 
             # Deduplicate the presence entries so that there's at most one per user
@@ -1298,8 +1285,9 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
 
         sync_result_builder.presence = presence
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _generate_sync_entry_for_rooms(self, sync_result_builder, account_data_by_room):
+    async def _generate_sync_entry_for_rooms(
+        self, sync_result_builder, account_data_by_room
+    ):
         """Generates the rooms portion of the sync response. Populates the
         `sync_result_builder` with the result.
 
@@ -1321,7 +1309,7 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
         if block_all_room_ephemeral:
             ephemeral_by_room = {}
         else:
-            now_token, ephemeral_by_room = yield self.ephemeral_by_room(
+            now_token, ephemeral_by_room = await self.ephemeral_by_room(
                 sync_result_builder,
                 now_token=sync_result_builder.now_token,
                 since_token=sync_result_builder.since_token,
@@ -1333,16 +1321,16 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
         since_token = sync_result_builder.since_token
         if not sync_result_builder.full_state:
             if since_token and not ephemeral_by_room and not account_data_by_room:
-                have_changed = yield self._have_rooms_changed(sync_result_builder)
+                have_changed = await self._have_rooms_changed(sync_result_builder)
                 if not have_changed:
-                    tags_by_room = yield self.store.get_updated_tags(
+                    tags_by_room = await self.store.get_updated_tags(
                         user_id, since_token.account_data_key
                     )
                     if not tags_by_room:
                         logger.debug("no-oping sync")
                         return [], [], [], []
 
-        ignored_account_data = yield self.store.get_global_account_data_by_type_for_user(
+        ignored_account_data = await self.store.get_global_account_data_by_type_for_user(
             "m.ignored_user_list", user_id=user_id
         )
 
@@ -1352,18 +1340,18 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
             ignored_users = frozenset()
 
         if since_token:
-            res = yield self._get_rooms_changed(sync_result_builder, ignored_users)
+            res = await self._get_rooms_changed(sync_result_builder, ignored_users)
             room_entries, invited, newly_joined_rooms, newly_left_rooms = res
 
-            tags_by_room = yield self.store.get_updated_tags(
+            tags_by_room = await self.store.get_updated_tags(
                 user_id, since_token.account_data_key
             )
         else:
-            res = yield self._get_all_rooms(sync_result_builder, ignored_users)
+            res = await self._get_all_rooms(sync_result_builder, ignored_users)
             room_entries, invited, newly_joined_rooms = res
             newly_left_rooms = []
 
-            tags_by_room = yield self.store.get_tags_for_user(user_id)
+            tags_by_room = await self.store.get_tags_for_user(user_id)
 
         def handle_room_entries(room_entry):
             return self._generate_room_entry(
@@ -1376,7 +1364,7 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
                 always_include=sync_result_builder.full_state,
             )
 
-        yield concurrently_execute(handle_room_entries, room_entries, 10)
+        await concurrently_execute(handle_room_entries, room_entries, 10)
 
         sync_result_builder.invited.extend(invited)
 
@@ -1410,8 +1398,7 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
             newly_left_users,
         )
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _have_rooms_changed(self, sync_result_builder):
+    async def _have_rooms_changed(self, sync_result_builder):
         """Returns whether there may be any new events that should be sent down
         the sync. Returns True if there are.
         """
@@ -1422,7 +1409,7 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
         assert since_token
 
         # Get a list of membership change events that have happened.
-        rooms_changed = yield self.store.get_membership_changes_for_user(
+        rooms_changed = await self.store.get_membership_changes_for_user(
             user_id, since_token.room_key, now_token.room_key
         )
 
@@ -1435,8 +1422,7 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
                 return True
         return False
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _get_rooms_changed(self, sync_result_builder, ignored_users):
+    async def _get_rooms_changed(self, sync_result_builder, ignored_users):
         """Gets the the changes that have happened since the last sync.
 
         Args:
@@ -1461,7 +1447,7 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
         assert since_token
 
         # Get a list of membership change events that have happened.
-        rooms_changed = yield self.store.get_membership_changes_for_user(
+        rooms_changed = await self.store.get_membership_changes_for_user(
             user_id, since_token.room_key, now_token.room_key
         )
 
@@ -1499,11 +1485,11 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
                 continue
 
             if room_id in sync_result_builder.joined_room_ids or has_join:
-                old_state_ids = yield self.get_state_at(room_id, since_token)
+                old_state_ids = await self.get_state_at(room_id, since_token)
                 old_mem_ev_id = old_state_ids.get((EventTypes.Member, user_id), None)
                 old_mem_ev = None
                 if old_mem_ev_id:
-                    old_mem_ev = yield self.store.get_event(
+                    old_mem_ev = await self.store.get_event(
                         old_mem_ev_id, allow_none=True
                     )
 
@@ -1536,13 +1522,13 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
                     newly_left_rooms.append(room_id)
                 else:
                     if not old_state_ids:
-                        old_state_ids = yield self.get_state_at(room_id, since_token)
+                        old_state_ids = await self.get_state_at(room_id, since_token)
                         old_mem_ev_id = old_state_ids.get(
                             (EventTypes.Member, user_id), None
                         )
                         old_mem_ev = None
                         if old_mem_ev_id:
-                            old_mem_ev = yield self.store.get_event(
+                            old_mem_ev = await self.store.get_event(
                                 old_mem_ev_id, allow_none=True
                             )
                     if old_mem_ev and old_mem_ev.membership == Membership.JOIN:
@@ -1566,7 +1552,7 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
 
             if leave_events:
                 leave_event = leave_events[-1]
-                leave_stream_token = yield self.store.get_stream_token_for_event(
+                leave_stream_token = await self.store.get_stream_token_for_event(
                     leave_event.event_id
                 )
                 leave_token = since_token.copy_and_replace(
@@ -1603,7 +1589,7 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
         timeline_limit = sync_config.filter_collection.timeline_limit()
 
         # Get all events for rooms we're currently joined to.
-        room_to_events = yield self.store.get_room_events_stream_for_rooms(
+        room_to_events = await self.store.get_room_events_stream_for_rooms(
             room_ids=sync_result_builder.joined_room_ids,
             from_key=since_token.room_key,
             to_key=now_token.room_key,
@@ -1652,8 +1638,7 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
 
         return room_entries, invited, newly_joined_rooms, newly_left_rooms
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _get_all_rooms(self, sync_result_builder, ignored_users):
+    async def _get_all_rooms(self, sync_result_builder, ignored_users):
         """Returns entries for all rooms for the user.
 
         Args:
@@ -1677,7 +1662,7 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
             Membership.BAN,
         )
 
-        room_list = yield self.store.get_rooms_for_user_where_membership_is(
+        room_list = await self.store.get_rooms_for_user_where_membership_is(
             user_id=user_id, membership_list=membership_list
         )
 
@@ -1700,7 +1685,7 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
             elif event.membership == Membership.INVITE:
                 if event.sender in ignored_users:
                     continue
-                invite = yield self.store.get_event(event.event_id)
+                invite = await self.store.get_event(event.event_id)
                 invited.append(InvitedSyncResult(room_id=event.room_id, invite=invite))
             elif event.membership in (Membership.LEAVE, Membership.BAN):
                 # Always send down rooms we were banned or kicked from.
@@ -1726,8 +1711,7 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
 
         return room_entries, invited, []
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _generate_room_entry(
+    async def _generate_room_entry(
         self,
         sync_result_builder,
         ignored_users,
@@ -1769,7 +1753,7 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
         since_token = room_builder.since_token
         upto_token = room_builder.upto_token
 
-        batch = yield self._load_filtered_recents(
+        batch = await self._load_filtered_recents(
             room_id,
             sync_config,
             now_token=upto_token,
@@ -1796,7 +1780,7 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
         # tag was added by synapse e.g. for server notice rooms.
         if full_state:
             user_id = sync_result_builder.sync_config.user.to_string()
-            tags = yield self.store.get_tags_for_room(user_id, room_id)
+            tags = await self.store.get_tags_for_room(user_id, room_id)
 
             # If there aren't any tags, don't send the empty tags list down
             # sync
@@ -1821,7 +1805,7 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
         ):
             return
 
-        state = yield self.compute_state_delta(
+        state = await self.compute_state_delta(
             room_id, batch, sync_config, since_token, now_token, full_state=full_state
         )
 
@@ -1844,7 +1828,7 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
             )
             or since_token is None
         ):
-            summary = yield self.compute_summary(
+            summary = await self.compute_summary(
                 room_id, sync_config, batch, state, now_token
             )
 
@@ -1861,7 +1845,7 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
             )
 
             if room_sync or always_include:
-                notifs = yield self.unread_notifs_for_room_id(room_id, sync_config)
+                notifs = await self.unread_notifs_for_room_id(room_id, sync_config)
 
                 if notifs is not None:
                     unread_notifications["notification_count"] = notifs["notify_count"]
@@ -1887,8 +1871,7 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
         else:
             raise Exception("Unrecognized rtype: %r", room_builder.rtype)
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_rooms_for_user_at(self, user_id, stream_ordering):
+    async def get_rooms_for_user_at(self, user_id, stream_ordering):
         """Get set of joined rooms for a user at the given stream ordering.
 
         The stream ordering *must* be recent, otherwise this may throw an
@@ -1903,7 +1886,7 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
             Deferred[frozenset[str]]: Set of room_ids the user is in at given
             stream_ordering.
         """
-        joined_rooms = yield self.store.get_rooms_for_user_with_stream_ordering(user_id)
+        joined_rooms = await self.store.get_rooms_for_user_with_stream_ordering(user_id)
 
         joined_room_ids = set()
 
@@ -1921,10 +1904,10 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
 
             logger.info("User joined room after current token: %s", room_id)
 
-            extrems = yield self.store.get_forward_extremeties_for_room(
+            extrems = await self.store.get_forward_extremeties_for_room(
                 room_id, stream_ordering
             )
-            users_in_room = yield self.state.get_current_users_in_room(room_id, extrems)
+            users_in_room = await self.state.get_current_users_in_room(room_id, extrems)
             if user_id in users_in_room:
                 joined_room_ids.add(room_id)
 
diff --git a/synapse/notifier.py b/synapse/notifier.py
index af161a81d7..5f5f765bea 100644
--- a/synapse/notifier.py
+++ b/synapse/notifier.py
@@ -304,8 +304,7 @@ class Notifier(object):
         without waking up any of the normal user event streams"""
         self.notify_replication()
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def wait_for_events(
+    async def wait_for_events(
         self, user_id, timeout, callback, room_ids=None, from_token=StreamToken.START
     ):
         """Wait until the callback returns a non empty response or the
@@ -313,9 +312,9 @@ class Notifier(object):
         """
         user_stream = self.user_to_user_stream.get(user_id)
         if user_stream is None:
-            current_token = yield self.event_sources.get_current_token()
+            current_token = await self.event_sources.get_current_token()
             if room_ids is None:
-                room_ids = yield self.store.get_rooms_for_user(user_id)
+                room_ids = await self.store.get_rooms_for_user(user_id)
             user_stream = _NotifierUserStream(
                 user_id=user_id,
                 rooms=room_ids,
@@ -344,11 +343,11 @@ class Notifier(object):
                         self.hs.get_reactor(),
                     )
                     with PreserveLoggingContext():
-                        yield listener.deferred
+                        await listener.deferred
 
                     current_token = user_stream.current_token
 
-                    result = yield callback(prev_token, current_token)
+                    result = await callback(prev_token, current_token)
                     if result:
                         break
 
@@ -364,12 +363,11 @@ class Notifier(object):
             # This happened if there was no timeout or if the timeout had
             # already expired.
             current_token = user_stream.current_token
-            result = yield callback(prev_token, current_token)
+            result = await callback(prev_token, current_token)
 
         return result
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_events_for(
+    async def get_events_for(
         self,
         user,
         pagination_config,
@@ -391,15 +389,14 @@ class Notifier(object):
         """
         from_token = pagination_config.from_token
         if not from_token:
-            from_token = yield self.event_sources.get_current_token()
+            from_token = await self.event_sources.get_current_token()
 
         limit = pagination_config.limit
 
-        room_ids, is_joined = yield self._get_room_ids(user, explicit_room_id)
+        room_ids, is_joined = await self._get_room_ids(user, explicit_room_id)
         is_peeking = not is_joined
 
-        @defer.inlineCallbacks
-        def check_for_updates(before_token, after_token):
+        async def check_for_updates(before_token, after_token):
             if not after_token.is_after(before_token):
                 return EventStreamResult([], (from_token, from_token))
 
@@ -415,7 +412,7 @@ class Notifier(object):
                 if only_keys and name not in only_keys:
                     continue
 
-                new_events, new_key = yield source.get_new_events(
+                new_events, new_key = await source.get_new_events(
                     user=user,
                     from_key=getattr(from_token, keyname),
                     limit=limit,
@@ -425,7 +422,7 @@ class Notifier(object):
                 )
 
                 if name == "room":
-                    new_events = yield filter_events_for_client(
+                    new_events = await filter_events_for_client(
                         self.storage,
                         user.to_string(),
                         new_events,
@@ -461,7 +458,7 @@ class Notifier(object):
                 user_id_for_stream,
             )
 
-        result = yield self.wait_for_events(
+        result = await self.wait_for_events(
             user_id_for_stream,
             timeout,
             check_for_updates,
diff --git a/synapse/util/metrics.py b/synapse/util/metrics.py
index 3286804322..63ddaaba87 100644
--- a/synapse/util/metrics.py
+++ b/synapse/util/metrics.py
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
+import inspect
 import logging
 from functools import wraps
 
@@ -64,12 +65,22 @@ def measure_func(name=None):
     def wrapper(func):
         block_name = func.__name__ if name is None else name
 
-        @wraps(func)
-        @defer.inlineCallbacks
-        def measured_func(self, *args, **kwargs):
-            with Measure(self.clock, block_name):
-                r = yield func(self, *args, **kwargs)
-            return r
+        if inspect.iscoroutinefunction(func):
+
+            @wraps(func)
+            async def measured_func(self, *args, **kwargs):
+                with Measure(self.clock, block_name):
+                    r = await func(self, *args, **kwargs)
+                return r
+
+        else:
+
+            @wraps(func)
+            @defer.inlineCallbacks
+            def measured_func(self, *args, **kwargs):
+                with Measure(self.clock, block_name):
+                    r = yield func(self, *args, **kwargs)
+                return r
 
         return measured_func
 
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_sync.py b/tests/handlers/test_sync.py
index 31f54bbd7d..758ee071a5 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_sync.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_sync.py
@@ -12,54 +12,53 @@
 # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
-from twisted.internet import defer
 
 from synapse.api.errors import Codes, ResourceLimitError
 from synapse.api.filtering import DEFAULT_FILTER_COLLECTION
-from synapse.handlers.sync import SyncConfig, SyncHandler
+from synapse.handlers.sync import SyncConfig
 from synapse.types import UserID
 
 import tests.unittest
 import tests.utils
-from tests.utils import setup_test_homeserver
 
 
-class SyncTestCase(tests.unittest.TestCase):
+class SyncTestCase(tests.unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
     """ Tests Sync Handler. """
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def setUp(self):
-        self.hs = yield setup_test_homeserver(self.addCleanup)
-        self.sync_handler = SyncHandler(self.hs)
+    def prepare(self, reactor, clock, hs):
+        self.hs = hs
+        self.sync_handler = self.hs.get_sync_handler()
         self.store = self.hs.get_datastore()
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_wait_for_sync_for_user_auth_blocking(self):
 
         user_id1 = "@user1:server"
         user_id2 = "@user2:server"
         sync_config = self._generate_sync_config(user_id1)
 
+        self.reactor.advance(100)  # So we get not 0 time
         self.hs.config.limit_usage_by_mau = True
         self.hs.config.max_mau_value = 1
 
         # Check that the happy case does not throw errors
-        yield self.store.upsert_monthly_active_user(user_id1)
-        yield self.sync_handler.wait_for_sync_for_user(sync_config)
+        self.get_success(self.store.upsert_monthly_active_user(user_id1))
+        self.get_success(self.sync_handler.wait_for_sync_for_user(sync_config))
 
         # Test that global lock works
         self.hs.config.hs_disabled = True
-        with self.assertRaises(ResourceLimitError) as e:
-            yield self.sync_handler.wait_for_sync_for_user(sync_config)
-        self.assertEquals(e.exception.errcode, Codes.RESOURCE_LIMIT_EXCEEDED)
+        e = self.get_failure(
+            self.sync_handler.wait_for_sync_for_user(sync_config), ResourceLimitError
+        )
+        self.assertEquals(e.value.errcode, Codes.RESOURCE_LIMIT_EXCEEDED)
 
         self.hs.config.hs_disabled = False
 
         sync_config = self._generate_sync_config(user_id2)
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ResourceLimitError) as e:
-            yield self.sync_handler.wait_for_sync_for_user(sync_config)
-        self.assertEquals(e.exception.errcode, Codes.RESOURCE_LIMIT_EXCEEDED)
+        e = self.get_failure(
+            self.sync_handler.wait_for_sync_for_user(sync_config), ResourceLimitError
+        )
+        self.assertEquals(e.value.errcode, Codes.RESOURCE_LIMIT_EXCEEDED)
 
     def _generate_sync_config(self, user_id):
         return SyncConfig(
diff --git a/tests/unittest.py b/tests/unittest.py
index 295573bc46..a1bdd963e6 100644
--- a/tests/unittest.py
+++ b/tests/unittest.py
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 import gc
 import hashlib
 import hmac
+import inspect
 import logging
 import time
 
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ from mock import Mock
 
 from canonicaljson import json
 
-from twisted.internet.defer import Deferred, succeed
+from twisted.internet.defer import Deferred, ensureDeferred, succeed
 from twisted.python.threadpool import ThreadPool
 from twisted.trial import unittest
 
@@ -415,6 +416,8 @@ class HomeserverTestCase(TestCase):
         self.reactor.pump([by] * 100)
 
     def get_success(self, d, by=0.0):
+        if inspect.isawaitable(d):
+            d = ensureDeferred(d)
         if not isinstance(d, Deferred):
             return d
         self.pump(by=by)
@@ -424,6 +427,8 @@ class HomeserverTestCase(TestCase):
         """
         Run a Deferred and get a Failure from it. The failure must be of the type `exc`.
         """
+        if inspect.isawaitable(d):
+            d = ensureDeferred(d)
         if not isinstance(d, Deferred):
             return d
         self.pump()
-- 
cgit 1.5.1


From b3a4e35ca84a29fe4ccdfb1125ed098c68405d6c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Erik Johnston <erik@matrix.org>
Date: Fri, 6 Dec 2019 10:14:59 +0000
Subject: Fixup functions to consistently return deferreds

---
 synapse/handlers/sync.py                         |  6 +++---
 synapse/handlers/typing.py                       |  2 +-
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/account_data.py |  2 +-
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/group_server.py |  4 ++--
 tests/handlers/test_typing.py                    | 24 ++++++++++++++++++------
 tests/rest/client/v1/test_typing.py              |  4 +++-
 6 files changed, 28 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)

(limited to 'tests/handlers')

diff --git a/synapse/handlers/sync.py b/synapse/handlers/sync.py
index 12751fd8c0..2d3b8ba73c 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/sync.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/sync.py
@@ -339,7 +339,7 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
             room_ids = sync_result_builder.joined_room_ids
 
             typing_source = self.event_sources.sources["typing"]
-            typing, typing_key = typing_source.get_new_events(
+            typing, typing_key = await typing_source.get_new_events(
                 user=sync_config.user,
                 from_key=typing_key,
                 limit=sync_config.filter_collection.ephemeral_limit(),
@@ -1013,7 +1013,7 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
         now_token = sync_result_builder.now_token
 
         if since_token and since_token.groups_key:
-            results = self.store.get_groups_changes_for_user(
+            results = await self.store.get_groups_changes_for_user(
                 user_id, since_token.groups_key, now_token.groups_key
             )
         else:
@@ -1197,7 +1197,7 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
             (
                 account_data,
                 account_data_by_room,
-            ) = self.store.get_updated_account_data_for_user(
+            ) = await self.store.get_updated_account_data_for_user(
                 user_id, since_token.account_data_key
             )
 
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/typing.py b/synapse/handlers/typing.py
index 856337b7e2..6f78454322 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/typing.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/typing.py
@@ -313,7 +313,7 @@ class TypingNotificationEventSource(object):
 
                 events.append(self._make_event_for(room_id))
 
-            return events, handler._latest_room_serial
+            return defer.succeed((events, handler._latest_room_serial))
 
     def get_current_key(self):
         return self.get_typing_handler()._latest_room_serial
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/account_data.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/account_data.py
index b0d22faf3f..ed97b3ffe5 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/account_data.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/account_data.py
@@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ class AccountDataWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             user_id, int(stream_id)
         )
         if not changed:
-            return {}, {}
+            return defer.succeed(({}, {}))
 
         return self.runInteraction(
             "get_updated_account_data_for_user", get_updated_account_data_for_user_txn
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/group_server.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/group_server.py
index 9e1d12bcb7..d29155a3b5 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/group_server.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/group_server.py
@@ -1109,7 +1109,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             user_id, from_token
         )
         if not has_changed:
-            return []
+            return defer.succeed([])
 
         def _get_groups_changes_for_user_txn(txn):
             sql = """
@@ -1139,7 +1139,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             from_token
         )
         if not has_changed:
-            return []
+            return defer.succeed([])
 
         def _get_all_groups_changes_txn(txn):
             sql = """
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_typing.py b/tests/handlers/test_typing.py
index f6d8660285..92b8726093 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_typing.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_typing.py
@@ -163,7 +163,9 @@ class TypingNotificationsTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         self.on_new_event.assert_has_calls([call("typing_key", 1, rooms=[ROOM_ID])])
 
         self.assertEquals(self.event_source.get_current_key(), 1)
-        events = self.event_source.get_new_events(room_ids=[ROOM_ID], from_key=0)
+        events = self.get_success(
+            self.event_source.get_new_events(room_ids=[ROOM_ID], from_key=0)
+        )
         self.assertEquals(
             events[0],
             [
@@ -227,7 +229,9 @@ class TypingNotificationsTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         self.on_new_event.assert_has_calls([call("typing_key", 1, rooms=[ROOM_ID])])
 
         self.assertEquals(self.event_source.get_current_key(), 1)
-        events = self.event_source.get_new_events(room_ids=[ROOM_ID], from_key=0)
+        events = self.get_success(
+            self.event_source.get_new_events(room_ids=[ROOM_ID], from_key=0)
+        )
         self.assertEquals(
             events[0],
             [
@@ -279,7 +283,9 @@ class TypingNotificationsTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         )
 
         self.assertEquals(self.event_source.get_current_key(), 1)
-        events = self.event_source.get_new_events(room_ids=[ROOM_ID], from_key=0)
+        events = self.get_success(
+            self.event_source.get_new_events(room_ids=[ROOM_ID], from_key=0)
+        )
         self.assertEquals(
             events[0],
             [{"type": "m.typing", "room_id": ROOM_ID, "content": {"user_ids": []}}],
@@ -300,7 +306,9 @@ class TypingNotificationsTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         self.on_new_event.reset_mock()
 
         self.assertEquals(self.event_source.get_current_key(), 1)
-        events = self.event_source.get_new_events(room_ids=[ROOM_ID], from_key=0)
+        events = self.get_success(
+            self.event_source.get_new_events(room_ids=[ROOM_ID], from_key=0)
+        )
         self.assertEquals(
             events[0],
             [
@@ -317,7 +325,9 @@ class TypingNotificationsTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         self.on_new_event.assert_has_calls([call("typing_key", 2, rooms=[ROOM_ID])])
 
         self.assertEquals(self.event_source.get_current_key(), 2)
-        events = self.event_source.get_new_events(room_ids=[ROOM_ID], from_key=1)
+        events = self.get_success(
+            self.event_source.get_new_events(room_ids=[ROOM_ID], from_key=1)
+        )
         self.assertEquals(
             events[0],
             [{"type": "m.typing", "room_id": ROOM_ID, "content": {"user_ids": []}}],
@@ -335,7 +345,9 @@ class TypingNotificationsTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         self.on_new_event.reset_mock()
 
         self.assertEquals(self.event_source.get_current_key(), 3)
-        events = self.event_source.get_new_events(room_ids=[ROOM_ID], from_key=0)
+        events = self.get_success(
+            self.event_source.get_new_events(room_ids=[ROOM_ID], from_key=0)
+        )
         self.assertEquals(
             events[0],
             [
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/v1/test_typing.py b/tests/rest/client/v1/test_typing.py
index 30fb77bac8..4bc3aaf02d 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/v1/test_typing.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/v1/test_typing.py
@@ -109,7 +109,9 @@ class RoomTypingTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         self.assertEquals(200, channel.code)
 
         self.assertEquals(self.event_source.get_current_key(), 1)
-        events = self.event_source.get_new_events(from_key=0, room_ids=[self.room_id])
+        events = self.get_success(
+            self.event_source.get_new_events(from_key=0, room_ids=[self.room_id])
+        )
         self.assertEquals(
             events[0],
             [
-- 
cgit 1.5.1


From adfdd82b21ae296ed77453b2f51d55414890f162 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Neil Johnson <neil@matrix.org>
Date: Mon, 9 Dec 2019 13:59:27 +0000
Subject: Back out perf regression from get_cross_signing_keys_from_cache.
 (#6494)

Back out cross-signing code added in Synapse 1.5.0, which caused a performance regression.
---
 changelog.d/6494.bugfix         |  1 +
 synapse/handlers/e2e_keys.py    | 38 ++++++++------------------------------
 sytest-blacklist                |  3 +++
 tests/handlers/test_e2e_keys.py |  8 ++++++++
 4 files changed, 20 insertions(+), 30 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 changelog.d/6494.bugfix

(limited to 'tests/handlers')

diff --git a/changelog.d/6494.bugfix b/changelog.d/6494.bugfix
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..78726d5d7f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/6494.bugfix
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Back out cross-signing code added in Synapse 1.5.0, which caused a performance regression.
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/e2e_keys.py b/synapse/handlers/e2e_keys.py
index 28c12753c1..57a10daefd 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/e2e_keys.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/e2e_keys.py
@@ -264,7 +264,6 @@ class E2eKeysHandler(object):
 
         return ret
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_cross_signing_keys_from_cache(self, query, from_user_id):
         """Get cross-signing keys for users from the database
 
@@ -284,35 +283,14 @@ class E2eKeysHandler(object):
         self_signing_keys = {}
         user_signing_keys = {}
 
-        for user_id in query:
-            # XXX: consider changing the store functions to allow querying
-            # multiple users simultaneously.
-            key = yield self.store.get_e2e_cross_signing_key(
-                user_id, "master", from_user_id
-            )
-            if key:
-                master_keys[user_id] = key
-
-            key = yield self.store.get_e2e_cross_signing_key(
-                user_id, "self_signing", from_user_id
-            )
-            if key:
-                self_signing_keys[user_id] = key
-
-            # users can see other users' master and self-signing keys, but can
-            # only see their own user-signing keys
-            if from_user_id == user_id:
-                key = yield self.store.get_e2e_cross_signing_key(
-                    user_id, "user_signing", from_user_id
-                )
-                if key:
-                    user_signing_keys[user_id] = key
-
-        return {
-            "master_keys": master_keys,
-            "self_signing_keys": self_signing_keys,
-            "user_signing_keys": user_signing_keys,
-        }
+        # Currently a stub, implementation coming in https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/pull/6486
+        return defer.succeed(
+            {
+                "master_keys": master_keys,
+                "self_signing_keys": self_signing_keys,
+                "user_signing_keys": user_signing_keys,
+            }
+        )
 
     @trace
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
diff --git a/sytest-blacklist b/sytest-blacklist
index 411cce0692..79b2d4402a 100644
--- a/sytest-blacklist
+++ b/sytest-blacklist
@@ -33,3 +33,6 @@ New federated private chats get full presence information (SYN-115)
 # Blacklisted due to https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-doc/pull/2314 removing
 # this requirement from the spec
 Inbound federation of state requires event_id as a mandatory paramater
+
+# Blacklisted until https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/pull/6486 lands
+Can upload self-signing keys
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_e2e_keys.py b/tests/handlers/test_e2e_keys.py
index 854eb6c024..fdfa2cbbc4 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_e2e_keys.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_e2e_keys.py
@@ -183,6 +183,10 @@ class E2eKeysHandlerTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         )
         self.assertDictEqual(devices["master_keys"], {local_user: keys2["master_key"]})
 
+    test_replace_master_key.skip = (
+        "Disabled waiting on #https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/pull/6486"
+    )
+
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_reupload_signatures(self):
         """re-uploading a signature should not fail"""
@@ -503,3 +507,7 @@ class E2eKeysHandlerTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             ],
             other_master_key["signatures"][local_user]["ed25519:" + usersigning_pubkey],
         )
+
+    test_upload_signatures.skip = (
+        "Disabled waiting on #https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/pull/6486"
+    )
-- 
cgit 1.5.1


From cb2db179945f567410b565f29725dff28449f013 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Hubert Chathi <hubert@uhoreg.ca>
Date: Thu, 12 Dec 2019 12:03:28 -0500
Subject: look up cross-signing keys from the DB in bulk (#6486)

---
 changelog.d/6486.bugfix                            |   1 +
 synapse/handlers/e2e_keys.py                       |  35 +++-
 .../storage/data_stores/main/end_to_end_keys.py    | 217 ++++++++++++++++++++-
 synapse/util/caches/descriptors.py                 |   2 +-
 tests/handlers/test_e2e_keys.py                    |   8 -
 5 files changed, 242 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 changelog.d/6486.bugfix

(limited to 'tests/handlers')

diff --git a/changelog.d/6486.bugfix b/changelog.d/6486.bugfix
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b98c5a9ae5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/6486.bugfix
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Improve performance of looking up cross-signing keys.
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/e2e_keys.py b/synapse/handlers/e2e_keys.py
index 57a10daefd..2d889364d4 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/e2e_keys.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/e2e_keys.py
@@ -264,6 +264,7 @@ class E2eKeysHandler(object):
 
         return ret
 
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_cross_signing_keys_from_cache(self, query, from_user_id):
         """Get cross-signing keys for users from the database
 
@@ -283,14 +284,32 @@ class E2eKeysHandler(object):
         self_signing_keys = {}
         user_signing_keys = {}
 
-        # Currently a stub, implementation coming in https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/pull/6486
-        return defer.succeed(
-            {
-                "master_keys": master_keys,
-                "self_signing_keys": self_signing_keys,
-                "user_signing_keys": user_signing_keys,
-            }
-        )
+        user_ids = list(query)
+
+        keys = yield self.store.get_e2e_cross_signing_keys_bulk(user_ids, from_user_id)
+
+        for user_id, user_info in keys.items():
+            if user_info is None:
+                continue
+            if "master" in user_info:
+                master_keys[user_id] = user_info["master"]
+            if "self_signing" in user_info:
+                self_signing_keys[user_id] = user_info["self_signing"]
+
+        if (
+            from_user_id in keys
+            and keys[from_user_id] is not None
+            and "user_signing" in keys[from_user_id]
+        ):
+            # users can see other users' master and self-signing keys, but can
+            # only see their own user-signing keys
+            user_signing_keys[from_user_id] = keys[from_user_id]["user_signing"]
+
+        return {
+            "master_keys": master_keys,
+            "self_signing_keys": self_signing_keys,
+            "user_signing_keys": user_signing_keys,
+        }
 
     @trace
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/end_to_end_keys.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/end_to_end_keys.py
index 38cd0ca9b8..e551606f9d 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/end_to_end_keys.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/end_to_end_keys.py
@@ -14,15 +14,18 @@
 # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
+from typing import Dict, List
+
 from six import iteritems
 
 from canonicaljson import encode_canonical_json, json
 
+from twisted.enterprise.adbapi import Connection
 from twisted.internet import defer
 
 from synapse.logging.opentracing import log_kv, set_tag, trace
 from synapse.storage._base import SQLBaseStore, db_to_json
-from synapse.util.caches.descriptors import cached
+from synapse.util.caches.descriptors import cached, cachedList
 
 
 class EndToEndKeyWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
@@ -271,7 +274,7 @@ class EndToEndKeyWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         Args:
             txn (twisted.enterprise.adbapi.Connection): db connection
             user_id (str): the user whose key is being requested
-            key_type (str): the type of key that is being set: either 'master'
+            key_type (str): the type of key that is being requested: either 'master'
                 for a master key, 'self_signing' for a self-signing key, or
                 'user_signing' for a user-signing key
             from_user_id (str): if specified, signatures made by this user on
@@ -316,8 +319,10 @@ class EndToEndKeyWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         """Returns a user's cross-signing key.
 
         Args:
-            user_id (str): the user whose self-signing key is being requested
-            key_type (str): the type of cross-signing key to get
+            user_id (str): the user whose key is being requested
+            key_type (str): the type of key that is being requested: either 'master'
+                for a master key, 'self_signing' for a self-signing key, or
+                'user_signing' for a user-signing key
             from_user_id (str): if specified, signatures made by this user on
                 the self-signing key will be included in the result
 
@@ -332,6 +337,206 @@ class EndToEndKeyWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             from_user_id,
         )
 
+    @cached(num_args=1)
+    def _get_bare_e2e_cross_signing_keys(self, user_id):
+        """Dummy function.  Only used to make a cache for
+        _get_bare_e2e_cross_signing_keys_bulk.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    @cachedList(
+        cached_method_name="_get_bare_e2e_cross_signing_keys",
+        list_name="user_ids",
+        num_args=1,
+    )
+    def _get_bare_e2e_cross_signing_keys_bulk(
+        self, user_ids: List[str]
+    ) -> Dict[str, Dict[str, dict]]:
+        """Returns the cross-signing keys for a set of users.  The output of this
+        function should be passed to _get_e2e_cross_signing_signatures_txn if
+        the signatures for the calling user need to be fetched.
+
+        Args:
+            user_ids (list[str]): the users whose keys are being requested
+
+        Returns:
+            dict[str, dict[str, dict]]: mapping from user ID to key type to key
+                data.  If a user's cross-signing keys were not found, either
+                their user ID will not be in the dict, or their user ID will map
+                to None.
+
+        """
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
+            "get_bare_e2e_cross_signing_keys_bulk",
+            self._get_bare_e2e_cross_signing_keys_bulk_txn,
+            user_ids,
+        )
+
+    def _get_bare_e2e_cross_signing_keys_bulk_txn(
+        self, txn: Connection, user_ids: List[str],
+    ) -> Dict[str, Dict[str, dict]]:
+        """Returns the cross-signing keys for a set of users.  The output of this
+        function should be passed to _get_e2e_cross_signing_signatures_txn if
+        the signatures for the calling user need to be fetched.
+
+        Args:
+            txn (twisted.enterprise.adbapi.Connection): db connection
+            user_ids (list[str]): the users whose keys are being requested
+
+        Returns:
+            dict[str, dict[str, dict]]: mapping from user ID to key type to key
+                data.  If a user's cross-signing keys were not found, their user
+                ID will not be in the dict.
+
+        """
+        result = {}
+
+        batch_size = 100
+        chunks = [
+            user_ids[i : i + batch_size] for i in range(0, len(user_ids), batch_size)
+        ]
+        for user_chunk in chunks:
+            sql = """
+                SELECT k.user_id, k.keytype, k.keydata, k.stream_id
+                  FROM e2e_cross_signing_keys k
+                  INNER JOIN (SELECT user_id, keytype, MAX(stream_id) AS stream_id
+                                FROM e2e_cross_signing_keys
+                               GROUP BY user_id, keytype) s
+                 USING (user_id, stream_id, keytype)
+                 WHERE k.user_id IN (%s)
+            """ % (
+                ",".join("?" for u in user_chunk),
+            )
+            query_params = []
+            query_params.extend(user_chunk)
+
+            txn.execute(sql, query_params)
+            rows = self.db.cursor_to_dict(txn)
+
+            for row in rows:
+                user_id = row["user_id"]
+                key_type = row["keytype"]
+                key = json.loads(row["keydata"])
+                user_info = result.setdefault(user_id, {})
+                user_info[key_type] = key
+
+        return result
+
+    def _get_e2e_cross_signing_signatures_txn(
+        self, txn: Connection, keys: Dict[str, Dict[str, dict]], from_user_id: str,
+    ) -> Dict[str, Dict[str, dict]]:
+        """Returns the cross-signing signatures made by a user on a set of keys.
+
+        Args:
+            txn (twisted.enterprise.adbapi.Connection): db connection
+            keys (dict[str, dict[str, dict]]): a map of user ID to key type to
+                key data.  This dict will be modified to add signatures.
+            from_user_id (str): fetch the signatures made by this user
+
+        Returns:
+            dict[str, dict[str, dict]]: mapping from user ID to key type to key
+                data.  The return value will be the same as the keys argument,
+                with the modifications included.
+        """
+
+        # find out what cross-signing keys (a.k.a. devices) we need to get
+        # signatures for.  This is a map of (user_id, device_id) to key type
+        # (device_id is the key's public part).
+        devices = {}
+
+        for user_id, user_info in keys.items():
+            if user_info is None:
+                continue
+            for key_type, key in user_info.items():
+                device_id = None
+                for k in key["keys"].values():
+                    device_id = k
+                devices[(user_id, device_id)] = key_type
+
+        device_list = list(devices)
+
+        # split into batches
+        batch_size = 100
+        chunks = [
+            device_list[i : i + batch_size]
+            for i in range(0, len(device_list), batch_size)
+        ]
+        for user_chunk in chunks:
+            sql = """
+                SELECT target_user_id, target_device_id, key_id, signature
+                  FROM e2e_cross_signing_signatures
+                 WHERE user_id = ?
+                   AND (%s)
+            """ % (
+                " OR ".join(
+                    "(target_user_id = ? AND target_device_id = ?)" for d in devices
+                )
+            )
+            query_params = [from_user_id]
+            for item in devices:
+                # item is a (user_id, device_id) tuple
+                query_params.extend(item)
+
+            txn.execute(sql, query_params)
+            rows = self.db.cursor_to_dict(txn)
+
+            # and add the signatures to the appropriate keys
+            for row in rows:
+                key_id = row["key_id"]
+                target_user_id = row["target_user_id"]
+                target_device_id = row["target_device_id"]
+                key_type = devices[(target_user_id, target_device_id)]
+                # We need to copy everything, because the result may have come
+                # from the cache.  dict.copy only does a shallow copy, so we
+                # need to recursively copy the dicts that will be modified.
+                user_info = keys[target_user_id] = keys[target_user_id].copy()
+                target_user_key = user_info[key_type] = user_info[key_type].copy()
+                if "signatures" in target_user_key:
+                    signatures = target_user_key["signatures"] = target_user_key[
+                        "signatures"
+                    ].copy()
+                    if from_user_id in signatures:
+                        user_sigs = signatures[from_user_id] = signatures[from_user_id]
+                        user_sigs[key_id] = row["signature"]
+                    else:
+                        signatures[from_user_id] = {key_id: row["signature"]}
+                else:
+                    target_user_key["signatures"] = {
+                        from_user_id: {key_id: row["signature"]}
+                    }
+
+        return keys
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def get_e2e_cross_signing_keys_bulk(
+        self, user_ids: List[str], from_user_id: str = None
+    ) -> defer.Deferred:
+        """Returns the cross-signing keys for a set of users.
+
+        Args:
+            user_ids (list[str]): the users whose keys are being requested
+            from_user_id (str): if specified, signatures made by this user on
+                the self-signing keys will be included in the result
+
+        Returns:
+            Deferred[dict[str, dict[str, dict]]]: map of user ID to key type to
+                key data.  If a user's cross-signing keys were not found, either
+                their user ID will not be in the dict, or their user ID will map
+                to None.
+        """
+
+        result = yield self._get_bare_e2e_cross_signing_keys_bulk(user_ids)
+
+        if from_user_id:
+            result = yield self.db.runInteraction(
+                "get_e2e_cross_signing_signatures",
+                self._get_e2e_cross_signing_signatures_txn,
+                result,
+                from_user_id,
+            )
+
+        return result
+
     def get_all_user_signature_changes_for_remotes(self, from_key, to_key):
         """Return a list of changes from the user signature stream to notify remotes.
         Note that the user signature stream represents when a user signs their
@@ -520,6 +725,10 @@ class EndToEndKeyStore(EndToEndKeyWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
                 },
             )
 
+        self._invalidate_cache_and_stream(
+            txn, self._get_bare_e2e_cross_signing_keys, (user_id,)
+        )
+
     def set_e2e_cross_signing_key(self, user_id, key_type, key):
         """Set a user's cross-signing key.
 
diff --git a/synapse/util/caches/descriptors.py b/synapse/util/caches/descriptors.py
index 84f5ae22c3..2e8f6543e5 100644
--- a/synapse/util/caches/descriptors.py
+++ b/synapse/util/caches/descriptors.py
@@ -271,7 +271,7 @@ class _CacheDescriptorBase(object):
         else:
             self.function_to_call = orig
 
-        arg_spec = inspect.getargspec(orig)
+        arg_spec = inspect.getfullargspec(orig)
         all_args = arg_spec.args
 
         if "cache_context" in all_args:
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_e2e_keys.py b/tests/handlers/test_e2e_keys.py
index fdfa2cbbc4..854eb6c024 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_e2e_keys.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_e2e_keys.py
@@ -183,10 +183,6 @@ class E2eKeysHandlerTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         )
         self.assertDictEqual(devices["master_keys"], {local_user: keys2["master_key"]})
 
-    test_replace_master_key.skip = (
-        "Disabled waiting on #https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/pull/6486"
-    )
-
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_reupload_signatures(self):
         """re-uploading a signature should not fail"""
@@ -507,7 +503,3 @@ class E2eKeysHandlerTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             ],
             other_master_key["signatures"][local_user]["ed25519:" + usersigning_pubkey],
         )
-
-    test_upload_signatures.skip = (
-        "Disabled waiting on #https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/pull/6486"
-    )
-- 
cgit 1.5.1


From 2284eb3a533a2df04784df08da28e67d6588a5ea Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Erik Johnston <erik@matrix.org>
Date: Wed, 18 Dec 2019 10:45:12 +0000
Subject: Add database config class (#6513)

This encapsulates config for a given database and is the way to get new
connections.
---
 changelog.d/6513.misc                          |  1 +
 scripts-dev/update_database                    |  9 +--
 scripts/synapse_port_db                        | 58 ++++++++-----------
 synapse/config/database.py                     | 78 ++++++++++++++++++++------
 synapse/handlers/presence.py                   |  2 +-
 synapse/server.py                              | 41 ++------------
 synapse/storage/_base.py                       |  2 +-
 synapse/storage/data_stores/__init__.py        | 40 ++++++++++---
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/client_ips.py |  2 +-
 synapse/storage/database.py                    | 45 ++++++++++++++-
 synapse/storage/engines/sqlite.py              | 16 +++++-
 synapse/storage/prepare_database.py            |  7 +--
 tests/handlers/test_typing.py                  | 39 ++++++-------
 tests/replication/slave/storage/_base.py       |  6 +-
 tests/server.py                                | 55 +++++++++---------
 tests/storage/test_appservice.py               | 37 ++++++++----
 tests/storage/test_base.py                     | 14 +++--
 tests/storage/test_registration.py             |  1 -
 tests/utils.py                                 | 43 +++++---------
 19 files changed, 287 insertions(+), 209 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 changelog.d/6513.misc

(limited to 'tests/handlers')

diff --git a/changelog.d/6513.misc b/changelog.d/6513.misc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..36700f5657
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/6513.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Remove all assumptions of there being a single phyiscal DB apart from the `synapse.config`.
diff --git a/scripts-dev/update_database b/scripts-dev/update_database
index 23017c21f8..1d62f0403a 100755
--- a/scripts-dev/update_database
+++ b/scripts-dev/update_database
@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@ from synapse.config.homeserver import HomeServerConfig
 from synapse.metrics.background_process_metrics import run_as_background_process
 from synapse.server import HomeServer
 from synapse.storage import DataStore
-from synapse.storage.prepare_database import prepare_database
 
 logger = logging.getLogger("update_database")
 
@@ -77,12 +76,8 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
     # Instantiate and initialise the homeserver object.
     hs = MockHomeserver(config)
 
-    db_conn = hs.get_db_conn()
-    # Update the database to the latest schema.
-    prepare_database(db_conn, hs.database_engine, config=config)
-    db_conn.commit()
-
-    # setup instantiates the store within the homeserver object.
+    # Setup instantiates the store within the homeserver object and updates the
+    # DB.
     hs.setup()
     store = hs.get_datastore()
 
diff --git a/scripts/synapse_port_db b/scripts/synapse_port_db
index e393a9b2f7..5b5368988c 100755
--- a/scripts/synapse_port_db
+++ b/scripts/synapse_port_db
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ import yaml
 from twisted.enterprise import adbapi
 from twisted.internet import defer, reactor
 
+from synapse.config.database import DatabaseConnectionConfig
 from synapse.config.homeserver import HomeServerConfig
 from synapse.logging.context import PreserveLoggingContext
 from synapse.storage._base import LoggingTransaction
@@ -55,7 +56,7 @@ from synapse.storage.data_stores.main.stats import StatsStore
 from synapse.storage.data_stores.main.user_directory import (
     UserDirectoryBackgroundUpdateStore,
 )
-from synapse.storage.database import Database
+from synapse.storage.database import Database, make_conn
 from synapse.storage.engines import create_engine
 from synapse.storage.prepare_database import prepare_database
 from synapse.util import Clock
@@ -165,23 +166,17 @@ class Store(
 
 
 class MockHomeserver:
-    def __init__(self, config, database_engine, db_conn, db_pool):
-        self.database_engine = database_engine
-        self.db_conn = db_conn
-        self.db_pool = db_pool
+    def __init__(self, config):
         self.clock = Clock(reactor)
         self.config = config
         self.hostname = config.server_name
 
-    def get_db_conn(self):
-        return self.db_conn
-
-    def get_db_pool(self):
-        return self.db_pool
-
     def get_clock(self):
         return self.clock
 
+    def get_reactor(self):
+        return reactor
+
 
 class Porter(object):
     def __init__(self, **kwargs):
@@ -445,45 +440,36 @@ class Porter(object):
             else:
                 return
 
-    def setup_db(self, db_config, database_engine):
-        db_conn = database_engine.module.connect(
-            **{
-                k: v
-                for k, v in db_config.get("args", {}).items()
-                if not k.startswith("cp_")
-            }
-        )
-
-        prepare_database(db_conn, database_engine, config=None)
+    def setup_db(self, db_config: DatabaseConnectionConfig, engine):
+        db_conn = make_conn(db_config, engine)
+        prepare_database(db_conn, engine, config=None)
 
         db_conn.commit()
 
         return db_conn
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def build_db_store(self, config):
+    def build_db_store(self, db_config: DatabaseConnectionConfig):
         """Builds and returns a database store using the provided configuration.
 
         Args:
-            config: The database configuration, i.e. a dict following the structure of
-                the "database" section of Synapse's configuration file.
+            config: The database configuration
 
         Returns:
             The built Store object.
         """
-        engine = create_engine(config)
-
-        self.progress.set_state("Preparing %s" % config["name"])
-        conn = self.setup_db(config, engine)
+        self.progress.set_state("Preparing %s" % db_config.config["name"])
 
-        db_pool = adbapi.ConnectionPool(config["name"], **config["args"])
+        engine = create_engine(db_config.config)
+        conn = self.setup_db(db_config, engine)
 
-        hs = MockHomeserver(self.hs_config, engine, conn, db_pool)
+        hs = MockHomeserver(self.hs_config)
 
-        store = Store(Database(hs), conn, hs)
+        store = Store(Database(hs, db_config, engine), conn, hs)
 
         yield store.db.runInteraction(
-            "%s_engine.check_database" % config["name"], engine.check_database,
+            "%s_engine.check_database" % db_config.config["name"],
+            engine.check_database,
         )
 
         return store
@@ -509,7 +495,11 @@ class Porter(object):
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def run(self):
         try:
-            self.sqlite_store = yield self.build_db_store(self.sqlite_config)
+            self.sqlite_store = yield self.build_db_store(
+                DatabaseConnectionConfig(
+                    "master", self.sqlite_config, data_stores=["main"]
+                )
+            )
 
             # Check if all background updates are done, abort if not.
             updates_complete = (
@@ -524,7 +514,7 @@ class Porter(object):
                 defer.returnValue(None)
 
             self.postgres_store = yield self.build_db_store(
-                self.hs_config.database_config
+                self.hs_config.get_single_database()
             )
 
             yield self.run_background_updates_on_postgres()
diff --git a/synapse/config/database.py b/synapse/config/database.py
index 0e2509f0b1..5f2f3c7cfd 100644
--- a/synapse/config/database.py
+++ b/synapse/config/database.py
@@ -12,12 +12,43 @@
 # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
+import logging
 import os
 from textwrap import indent
+from typing import List
 
 import yaml
 
-from ._base import Config
+from synapse.config._base import Config, ConfigError
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class DatabaseConnectionConfig:
+    """Contains the connection config for a particular database.
+
+    Args:
+        name: A label for the database, used for logging.
+        db_config: The config for a particular database, as per `database`
+            section of main config. Has two fields: `name` for database
+            module name, and `args` for the args to give to the database
+            connector.
+        data_stores: The list of data stores that should be provisioned on the
+            database.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, name: str, db_config: dict, data_stores: List[str]):
+        if db_config["name"] not in ("sqlite3", "psycopg2"):
+            raise ConfigError("Unsupported database type %r" % (db_config["name"],))
+
+        if db_config["name"] == "sqlite3":
+            db_config.setdefault("args", {}).update(
+                {"cp_min": 1, "cp_max": 1, "check_same_thread": False}
+            )
+
+        self.name = name
+        self.config = db_config
+        self.data_stores = data_stores
 
 
 class DatabaseConfig(Config):
@@ -26,20 +57,14 @@ class DatabaseConfig(Config):
     def read_config(self, config, **kwargs):
         self.event_cache_size = self.parse_size(config.get("event_cache_size", "10K"))
 
-        self.database_config = config.get("database")
+        database_config = config.get("database")
 
-        if self.database_config is None:
-            self.database_config = {"name": "sqlite3", "args": {}}
+        if database_config is None:
+            database_config = {"name": "sqlite3", "args": {}}
 
-        name = self.database_config.get("name", None)
-        if name == "psycopg2":
-            pass
-        elif name == "sqlite3":
-            self.database_config.setdefault("args", {}).update(
-                {"cp_min": 1, "cp_max": 1, "check_same_thread": False}
-            )
-        else:
-            raise RuntimeError("Unsupported database type '%s'" % (name,))
+        self.databases = [
+            DatabaseConnectionConfig("master", database_config, data_stores=["main"])
+        ]
 
         self.set_databasepath(config.get("database_path"))
 
@@ -76,11 +101,24 @@ class DatabaseConfig(Config):
         self.set_databasepath(args.database_path)
 
     def set_databasepath(self, database_path):
+        if database_path is None:
+            return
+
         if database_path != ":memory:":
             database_path = self.abspath(database_path)
-        if self.database_config.get("name", None) == "sqlite3":
-            if database_path is not None:
-                self.database_config["args"]["database"] = database_path
+
+        # We only support setting a database path if we have a single sqlite3
+        # database.
+        if len(self.databases) != 1:
+            raise ConfigError("Cannot specify 'database_path' with multiple databases")
+
+        database = self.get_single_database()
+        if database.config["name"] != "sqlite3":
+            # We don't raise here as we haven't done so before for this case.
+            logger.warn("Ignoring 'database_path' for non-sqlite3 database")
+            return
+
+        database.config["args"]["database"] = database_path
 
     @staticmethod
     def add_arguments(parser):
@@ -91,3 +129,11 @@ class DatabaseConfig(Config):
             metavar="SQLITE_DATABASE_PATH",
             help="The path to a sqlite database to use.",
         )
+
+    def get_single_database(self) -> DatabaseConnectionConfig:
+        """Returns the database if there is only one, useful for e.g. tests
+        """
+        if len(self.databases) != 1:
+            raise Exception("More than one database exists")
+
+        return self.databases[0]
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/presence.py b/synapse/handlers/presence.py
index eda15bc623..240c4add12 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/presence.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/presence.py
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ class PresenceHandler(object):
         is some spurious presence changes that will self-correct.
         """
         # If the DB pool has already terminated, don't try updating
-        if not self.hs.get_db_pool().running:
+        if not self.store.database.is_running():
             return
 
         logger.info(
diff --git a/synapse/server.py b/synapse/server.py
index 5021068ce0..7926867b77 100644
--- a/synapse/server.py
+++ b/synapse/server.py
@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@ import abc
 import logging
 import os
 
-from twisted.enterprise import adbapi
 from twisted.mail.smtp import sendmail
 from twisted.web.client import BrowserLikePolicyForHTTPS
 
@@ -98,7 +97,6 @@ from synapse.server_notices.worker_server_notices_sender import (
 )
 from synapse.state import StateHandler, StateResolutionHandler
 from synapse.storage import DataStores, Storage
-from synapse.storage.engines import create_engine
 from synapse.streams.events import EventSources
 from synapse.util import Clock
 from synapse.util.distributor import Distributor
@@ -134,7 +132,6 @@ class HomeServer(object):
 
     DEPENDENCIES = [
         "http_client",
-        "db_pool",
         "federation_client",
         "federation_server",
         "handlers",
@@ -233,12 +230,6 @@ class HomeServer(object):
         self.admin_redaction_ratelimiter = Ratelimiter()
         self.registration_ratelimiter = Ratelimiter()
 
-        self.database_engine = create_engine(config.database_config)
-        config.database_config.setdefault("args", {})[
-            "cp_openfun"
-        ] = self.database_engine.on_new_connection
-        self.db_config = config.database_config
-
         self.datastores = None
 
         # Other kwargs are explicit dependencies
@@ -247,10 +238,8 @@ class HomeServer(object):
 
     def setup(self):
         logger.info("Setting up.")
-        with self.get_db_conn() as conn:
-            self.datastores = DataStores(self.DATASTORE_CLASS, conn, self)
-            conn.commit()
         self.start_time = int(self.get_clock().time())
+        self.datastores = DataStores(self.DATASTORE_CLASS, self)
         logger.info("Finished setting up.")
 
     def setup_master(self):
@@ -284,6 +273,9 @@ class HomeServer(object):
     def get_datastore(self):
         return self.datastores.main
 
+    def get_datastores(self):
+        return self.datastores
+
     def get_config(self):
         return self.config
 
@@ -433,31 +425,6 @@ class HomeServer(object):
         )
         return MatrixFederationHttpClient(self, tls_client_options_factory)
 
-    def build_db_pool(self):
-        name = self.db_config["name"]
-
-        return adbapi.ConnectionPool(
-            name, cp_reactor=self.get_reactor(), **self.db_config.get("args", {})
-        )
-
-    def get_db_conn(self, run_new_connection=True):
-        """Makes a new connection to the database, skipping the db pool
-
-        Returns:
-            Connection: a connection object implementing the PEP-249 spec
-        """
-        # Any param beginning with cp_ is a parameter for adbapi, and should
-        # not be passed to the database engine.
-        db_params = {
-            k: v
-            for k, v in self.db_config.get("args", {}).items()
-            if not k.startswith("cp_")
-        }
-        db_conn = self.database_engine.module.connect(**db_params)
-        if run_new_connection:
-            self.database_engine.on_new_connection(db_conn)
-        return db_conn
-
     def build_media_repository_resource(self):
         # build the media repo resource. This indirects through the HomeServer
         # to ensure that we only have a single instance of
diff --git a/synapse/storage/_base.py b/synapse/storage/_base.py
index b7637b5dc0..88546ad614 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/_base.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/_base.py
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
     def __init__(self, database: Database, db_conn, hs):
         self.hs = hs
         self._clock = hs.get_clock()
-        self.database_engine = hs.database_engine
+        self.database_engine = database.engine
         self.db = database
         self.rand = random.SystemRandom()
 
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/__init__.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/__init__.py
index cafedd5c0d..0983e059c0 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/__init__.py
@@ -13,24 +13,50 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-from synapse.storage.database import Database
+import logging
+
+from synapse.storage.database import Database, make_conn
+from synapse.storage.engines import create_engine
 from synapse.storage.prepare_database import prepare_database
 
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
 
 class DataStores(object):
     """The various data stores.
 
     These are low level interfaces to physical databases.
+
+    Attributes:
+        main (DataStore)
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, main_store_class, db_conn, hs):
+    def __init__(self, main_store_class, hs):
         # Note we pass in the main store class here as workers use a different main
         # store.
-        database = Database(hs)
 
-        # Check that db is correctly configured.
-        database.engine.check_database(db_conn.cursor())
+        self.databases = []
+
+        for database_config in hs.config.database.databases:
+            db_name = database_config.name
+            engine = create_engine(database_config.config)
+
+            with make_conn(database_config, engine) as db_conn:
+                logger.info("Preparing database %r...", db_name)
+
+                engine.check_database(db_conn.cursor())
+                prepare_database(
+                    db_conn, engine, hs.config, data_stores=database_config.data_stores,
+                )
+
+                database = Database(hs, database_config, engine)
+
+                if "main" in database_config.data_stores:
+                    logger.info("Starting 'main' data store")
+                    self.main = main_store_class(database, db_conn, hs)
+
+                db_conn.commit()
 
-        prepare_database(db_conn, database.engine, config=hs.config)
+                self.databases.append(database)
 
-        self.main = main_store_class(database, db_conn, hs)
+                logger.info("Database %r prepared", db_name)
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/client_ips.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/client_ips.py
index add3037b69..13f4c9c72e 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/client_ips.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/client_ips.py
@@ -412,7 +412,7 @@ class ClientIpStore(ClientIpBackgroundUpdateStore):
     def _update_client_ips_batch(self):
 
         # If the DB pool has already terminated, don't try updating
-        if not self.hs.get_db_pool().running:
+        if not self.db.is_running():
             return
 
         to_update = self._batch_row_update
diff --git a/synapse/storage/database.py b/synapse/storage/database.py
index ec19ae1d9d..1003dd84a5 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/database.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/database.py
@@ -24,9 +24,11 @@ from six.moves import intern, range
 
 from prometheus_client import Histogram
 
+from twisted.enterprise import adbapi
 from twisted.internet import defer
 
 from synapse.api.errors import StoreError
+from synapse.config.database import DatabaseConnectionConfig
 from synapse.logging.context import LoggingContext, make_deferred_yieldable
 from synapse.metrics.background_process_metrics import run_as_background_process
 from synapse.storage.background_updates import BackgroundUpdater
@@ -74,6 +76,37 @@ UNIQUE_INDEX_BACKGROUND_UPDATES = {
 }
 
 
+def make_pool(
+    reactor, db_config: DatabaseConnectionConfig, engine
+) -> adbapi.ConnectionPool:
+    """Get the connection pool for the database.
+    """
+
+    return adbapi.ConnectionPool(
+        db_config.config["name"],
+        cp_reactor=reactor,
+        cp_openfun=engine.on_new_connection,
+        **db_config.config.get("args", {})
+    )
+
+
+def make_conn(db_config: DatabaseConnectionConfig, engine):
+    """Make a new connection to the database and return it.
+
+    Returns:
+        Connection
+    """
+
+    db_params = {
+        k: v
+        for k, v in db_config.config.get("args", {}).items()
+        if not k.startswith("cp_")
+    }
+    db_conn = engine.module.connect(**db_params)
+    engine.on_new_connection(db_conn)
+    return db_conn
+
+
 class LoggingTransaction(object):
     """An object that almost-transparently proxies for the 'txn' object
     passed to the constructor. Adds logging and metrics to the .execute()
@@ -218,10 +251,11 @@ class Database(object):
 
     _TXN_ID = 0
 
-    def __init__(self, hs):
+    def __init__(self, hs, database_config: DatabaseConnectionConfig, engine):
         self.hs = hs
         self._clock = hs.get_clock()
-        self._db_pool = hs.get_db_pool()
+        self._database_config = database_config
+        self._db_pool = make_pool(hs.get_reactor(), database_config, engine)
 
         self.updates = BackgroundUpdater(hs, self)
 
@@ -234,7 +268,7 @@ class Database(object):
         #   to watch it
         self._txn_perf_counters = PerformanceCounters()
 
-        self.engine = hs.database_engine
+        self.engine = engine
 
         # A set of tables that are not safe to use native upserts in.
         self._unsafe_to_upsert_tables = set(UNIQUE_INDEX_BACKGROUND_UPDATES.keys())
@@ -255,6 +289,11 @@ class Database(object):
                 self._check_safe_to_upsert,
             )
 
+    def is_running(self):
+        """Is the database pool currently running
+        """
+        return self._db_pool.running
+
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _check_safe_to_upsert(self):
         """
diff --git a/synapse/storage/engines/sqlite.py b/synapse/storage/engines/sqlite.py
index ddad17dc5a..df039a072d 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/engines/sqlite.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/engines/sqlite.py
@@ -16,8 +16,6 @@
 import struct
 import threading
 
-from synapse.storage.prepare_database import prepare_database
-
 
 class Sqlite3Engine(object):
     single_threaded = True
@@ -25,6 +23,9 @@ class Sqlite3Engine(object):
     def __init__(self, database_module, database_config):
         self.module = database_module
 
+        database = database_config.get("args", {}).get("database")
+        self._is_in_memory = database in (None, ":memory:",)
+
         # The current max state_group, or None if we haven't looked
         # in the DB yet.
         self._current_state_group_id = None
@@ -59,7 +60,16 @@ class Sqlite3Engine(object):
         return sql
 
     def on_new_connection(self, db_conn):
-        prepare_database(db_conn, self, config=None)
+
+        # We need to import here to avoid an import loop.
+        from synapse.storage.prepare_database import prepare_database
+
+        if self._is_in_memory:
+            # In memory databases need to be rebuilt each time. Ideally we'd
+            # reuse the same connection as we do when starting up, but that
+            # would involve using adbapi before we have started the reactor.
+            prepare_database(db_conn, self, config=None)
+
         db_conn.create_function("rank", 1, _rank)
 
     def is_deadlock(self, error):
diff --git a/synapse/storage/prepare_database.py b/synapse/storage/prepare_database.py
index 731e1c9d9c..b4194b44ee 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/prepare_database.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/prepare_database.py
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ class UpgradeDatabaseException(PrepareDatabaseException):
     pass
 
 
-def prepare_database(db_conn, database_engine, config):
+def prepare_database(db_conn, database_engine, config, data_stores=["main"]):
     """Prepares a database for usage. Will either create all necessary tables
     or upgrade from an older schema version.
 
@@ -54,11 +54,10 @@ def prepare_database(db_conn, database_engine, config):
         config (synapse.config.homeserver.HomeServerConfig|None):
             application config, or None if we are connecting to an existing
             database which we expect to be configured already
+        data_stores (list[str]): The name of the data stores that will be used
+            with this database. Defaults to all data stores.
     """
 
-    # For now we only have the one datastore.
-    data_stores = ["main"]
-
     try:
         cur = db_conn.cursor()
         version_info = _get_or_create_schema_state(cur, database_engine)
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_typing.py b/tests/handlers/test_typing.py
index 92b8726093..596ddc6970 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_typing.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_typing.py
@@ -64,28 +64,29 @@ class TypingNotificationsTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         mock_federation_client = Mock(spec=["put_json"])
         mock_federation_client.put_json.return_value = defer.succeed((200, "OK"))
 
+        datastores = Mock()
+        datastores.main = Mock(
+            spec=[
+                # Bits that Federation needs
+                "prep_send_transaction",
+                "delivered_txn",
+                "get_received_txn_response",
+                "set_received_txn_response",
+                "get_destination_retry_timings",
+                "get_devices_by_remote",
+                # Bits that user_directory needs
+                "get_user_directory_stream_pos",
+                "get_current_state_deltas",
+                "get_device_updates_by_remote",
+            ]
+        )
+
         hs = self.setup_test_homeserver(
-            datastore=(
-                Mock(
-                    spec=[
-                        # Bits that Federation needs
-                        "prep_send_transaction",
-                        "delivered_txn",
-                        "get_received_txn_response",
-                        "set_received_txn_response",
-                        "get_destination_retry_timings",
-                        "get_device_updates_by_remote",
-                        # Bits that user_directory needs
-                        "get_user_directory_stream_pos",
-                        "get_current_state_deltas",
-                    ]
-                )
-            ),
-            notifier=Mock(),
-            http_client=mock_federation_client,
-            keyring=mock_keyring,
+            notifier=Mock(), http_client=mock_federation_client, keyring=mock_keyring
         )
 
+        hs.datastores = datastores
+
         return hs
 
     def prepare(self, reactor, clock, hs):
diff --git a/tests/replication/slave/storage/_base.py b/tests/replication/slave/storage/_base.py
index 3dae83c543..2a1e7c7166 100644
--- a/tests/replication/slave/storage/_base.py
+++ b/tests/replication/slave/storage/_base.py
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ from synapse.replication.tcp.client import (
     ReplicationClientHandler,
 )
 from synapse.replication.tcp.resource import ReplicationStreamProtocolFactory
-from synapse.storage.database import Database
+from synapse.storage.database import make_conn
 
 from tests import unittest
 from tests.server import FakeTransport
@@ -41,10 +41,12 @@ class BaseSlavedStoreTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
     def prepare(self, reactor, clock, hs):
 
+        db_config = hs.config.database.get_single_database()
         self.master_store = self.hs.get_datastore()
         self.storage = hs.get_storage()
+        database = hs.get_datastores().databases[0]
         self.slaved_store = self.STORE_TYPE(
-            Database(hs), self.hs.get_db_conn(), self.hs
+            database, make_conn(db_config, database.engine), self.hs
         )
         self.event_id = 0
 
diff --git a/tests/server.py b/tests/server.py
index 2b7cf4242e..a554dfdd57 100644
--- a/tests/server.py
+++ b/tests/server.py
@@ -302,41 +302,42 @@ def setup_test_homeserver(cleanup_func, *args, **kwargs):
     Set up a synchronous test server, driven by the reactor used by
     the homeserver.
     """
-    d = _sth(cleanup_func, *args, **kwargs).result
+    server = _sth(cleanup_func, *args, **kwargs)
 
-    if isinstance(d, Failure):
-        d.raiseException()
+    database = server.config.database.get_single_database()
 
     # Make the thread pool synchronous.
-    clock = d.get_clock()
-    pool = d.get_db_pool()
-
-    def runWithConnection(func, *args, **kwargs):
-        return threads.deferToThreadPool(
-            pool._reactor,
-            pool.threadpool,
-            pool._runWithConnection,
-            func,
-            *args,
-            **kwargs
-        )
-
-    def runInteraction(interaction, *args, **kwargs):
-        return threads.deferToThreadPool(
-            pool._reactor,
-            pool.threadpool,
-            pool._runInteraction,
-            interaction,
-            *args,
-            **kwargs
-        )
+    clock = server.get_clock()
+
+    for database in server.get_datastores().databases:
+        pool = database._db_pool
+
+        def runWithConnection(func, *args, **kwargs):
+            return threads.deferToThreadPool(
+                pool._reactor,
+                pool.threadpool,
+                pool._runWithConnection,
+                func,
+                *args,
+                **kwargs
+            )
+
+        def runInteraction(interaction, *args, **kwargs):
+            return threads.deferToThreadPool(
+                pool._reactor,
+                pool.threadpool,
+                pool._runInteraction,
+                interaction,
+                *args,
+                **kwargs
+            )
 
-    if pool:
         pool.runWithConnection = runWithConnection
         pool.runInteraction = runInteraction
         pool.threadpool = ThreadPool(clock._reactor)
         pool.running = True
-    return d
+
+    return server
 
 
 def get_clock():
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_appservice.py b/tests/storage/test_appservice.py
index 2e521e9ab7..fd52512696 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_appservice.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_appservice.py
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ from synapse.storage.data_stores.main.appservice import (
     ApplicationServiceStore,
     ApplicationServiceTransactionStore,
 )
-from synapse.storage.database import Database
+from synapse.storage.database import Database, make_conn
 
 from tests import unittest
 from tests.utils import setup_test_homeserver
@@ -55,8 +55,10 @@ class ApplicationServiceStoreTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self._add_appservice("token2", "as2", "some_url", "some_hs_token", "bob")
         self._add_appservice("token3", "as3", "some_url", "some_hs_token", "bob")
         # must be done after inserts
-        database = Database(hs)
-        self.store = ApplicationServiceStore(database, hs.get_db_conn(), hs)
+        database = hs.get_datastores().databases[0]
+        self.store = ApplicationServiceStore(
+            database, make_conn(database._database_config, database.engine), hs
+        )
 
     def tearDown(self):
         # TODO: suboptimal that we need to create files for tests!
@@ -111,9 +113,6 @@ class ApplicationServiceTransactionStoreTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         hs.config.event_cache_size = 1
         hs.config.password_providers = []
 
-        self.db_pool = hs.get_db_pool()
-        self.engine = hs.database_engine
-
         self.as_list = [
             {"token": "token1", "url": "https://matrix-as.org", "id": "id_1"},
             {"token": "alpha_tok", "url": "https://alpha.com", "id": "id_alpha"},
@@ -125,8 +124,15 @@ class ApplicationServiceTransactionStoreTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
         self.as_yaml_files = []
 
-        database = Database(hs)
-        self.store = TestTransactionStore(database, hs.get_db_conn(), hs)
+        # We assume there is only one database in these tests
+        database = hs.get_datastores().databases[0]
+        self.db_pool = database._db_pool
+        self.engine = database.engine
+
+        db_config = hs.config.get_single_database()
+        self.store = TestTransactionStore(
+            database, make_conn(db_config, self.engine), hs
+        )
 
     def _add_service(self, url, as_token, id):
         as_yaml = dict(
@@ -419,7 +425,10 @@ class ApplicationServiceStoreConfigTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         hs.config.event_cache_size = 1
         hs.config.password_providers = []
 
-        ApplicationServiceStore(Database(hs), hs.get_db_conn(), hs)
+        database = hs.get_datastores().databases[0]
+        ApplicationServiceStore(
+            database, make_conn(database._database_config, database.engine), hs
+        )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_duplicate_ids(self):
@@ -435,7 +444,10 @@ class ApplicationServiceStoreConfigTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         hs.config.password_providers = []
 
         with self.assertRaises(ConfigError) as cm:
-            ApplicationServiceStore(Database(hs), hs.get_db_conn(), hs)
+            database = hs.get_datastores().databases[0]
+            ApplicationServiceStore(
+                database, make_conn(database._database_config, database.engine), hs
+            )
 
         e = cm.exception
         self.assertIn(f1, str(e))
@@ -456,7 +468,10 @@ class ApplicationServiceStoreConfigTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         hs.config.password_providers = []
 
         with self.assertRaises(ConfigError) as cm:
-            ApplicationServiceStore(Database(hs), hs.get_db_conn(), hs)
+            database = hs.get_datastores().databases[0]
+            ApplicationServiceStore(
+                database, make_conn(database._database_config, database.engine), hs
+            )
 
         e = cm.exception
         self.assertIn(f1, str(e))
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_base.py b/tests/storage/test_base.py
index 537cfe9f64..cdee0a9e60 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_base.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_base.py
@@ -52,15 +52,17 @@ class SQLBaseStoreTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         config = Mock()
         config._disable_native_upserts = True
         config.event_cache_size = 1
-        config.database_config = {"name": "sqlite3"}
-        engine = create_engine(config.database_config)
+        hs = TestHomeServer("test", config=config)
+
+        sqlite_config = {"name": "sqlite3"}
+        engine = create_engine(sqlite_config)
         fake_engine = Mock(wraps=engine)
         fake_engine.can_native_upsert = False
-        hs = TestHomeServer(
-            "test", db_pool=self.db_pool, config=config, database_engine=fake_engine
-        )
 
-        self.datastore = SQLBaseStore(Database(hs), None, hs)
+        db = Database(Mock(), Mock(config=sqlite_config), fake_engine)
+        db._db_pool = self.db_pool
+
+        self.datastore = SQLBaseStore(db, None, hs)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_insert_1col(self):
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_registration.py b/tests/storage/test_registration.py
index 4578cc3b60..ed5786865a 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_registration.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_registration.py
@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@ class RegistrationStoreTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def setUp(self):
         hs = yield setup_test_homeserver(self.addCleanup)
-        self.db_pool = hs.get_db_pool()
 
         self.store = hs.get_datastore()
 
diff --git a/tests/utils.py b/tests/utils.py
index 585f305b9a..9f5bf40b4b 100644
--- a/tests/utils.py
+++ b/tests/utils.py
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ from twisted.internet import defer, reactor
 from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes
 from synapse.api.errors import CodeMessageException, cs_error
 from synapse.api.room_versions import RoomVersions
+from synapse.config.database import DatabaseConnectionConfig
 from synapse.config.homeserver import HomeServerConfig
 from synapse.config.server import DEFAULT_ROOM_VERSION
 from synapse.federation.transport import server as federation_server
@@ -177,7 +178,6 @@ class TestHomeServer(HomeServer):
     DATASTORE_CLASS = DataStore
 
 
-@defer.inlineCallbacks
 def setup_test_homeserver(
     cleanup_func,
     name="test",
@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ def setup_test_homeserver(
     if USE_POSTGRES_FOR_TESTS:
         test_db = "synapse_test_%s" % uuid.uuid4().hex
 
-        config.database_config = {
+        database_config = {
             "name": "psycopg2",
             "args": {
                 "database": test_db,
@@ -226,12 +226,15 @@ def setup_test_homeserver(
             },
         }
     else:
-        config.database_config = {
+        database_config = {
             "name": "sqlite3",
             "args": {"database": ":memory:", "cp_min": 1, "cp_max": 1},
         }
 
-    db_engine = create_engine(config.database_config)
+    database = DatabaseConnectionConfig("master", database_config, ["main"])
+    config.database.databases = [database]
+
+    db_engine = create_engine(database.config)
 
     # Create the database before we actually try and connect to it, based off
     # the template database we generate in setupdb()
@@ -251,11 +254,6 @@ def setup_test_homeserver(
         cur.close()
         db_conn.close()
 
-    # we need to configure the connection pool to run the on_new_connection
-    # function, so that we can test code that uses custom sqlite functions
-    # (like rank).
-    config.database_config["args"]["cp_openfun"] = db_engine.on_new_connection
-
     if datastore is None:
         hs = homeserverToUse(
             name,
@@ -267,21 +265,19 @@ def setup_test_homeserver(
             **kargs
         )
 
-        # Prepare the DB on SQLite -- PostgreSQL is a copy of an already up to
-        # date db
-        if not isinstance(db_engine, PostgresEngine):
-            db_conn = hs.get_db_conn()
-            yield prepare_database(db_conn, db_engine, config)
-            db_conn.commit()
-            db_conn.close()
+        hs.setup()
+        if homeserverToUse.__name__ == "TestHomeServer":
+            hs.setup_master()
+
+        if isinstance(db_engine, PostgresEngine):
+            database = hs.get_datastores().databases[0]
 
-        else:
             # We need to do cleanup on PostgreSQL
             def cleanup():
                 import psycopg2
 
                 # Close all the db pools
-                hs.get_db_pool().close()
+                database._db_pool.close()
 
                 dropped = False
 
@@ -320,23 +316,12 @@ def setup_test_homeserver(
                 # Register the cleanup hook
                 cleanup_func(cleanup)
 
-        hs.setup()
-        if homeserverToUse.__name__ == "TestHomeServer":
-            hs.setup_master()
     else:
-        # If we have been given an explicit datastore we probably want to mock
-        # out the DataStores somehow too. This all feels a bit wrong, but then
-        # mocking the stores feels wrong too.
-        datastores = Mock(datastore=datastore)
-
         hs = homeserverToUse(
             name,
-            db_pool=None,
             datastore=datastore,
-            datastores=datastores,
             config=config,
             version_string="Synapse/tests",
-            database_engine=db_engine,
             tls_server_context_factory=Mock(),
             tls_client_options_factory=Mock(),
             reactor=reactor,
-- 
cgit 1.5.1


From 326c893d24e0f03b62bd9d1136a335f329bb8528 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Richard van der Hoff <1389908+richvdh@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 13 Jan 2020 12:48:22 +0000
Subject: Kill off RegistrationError (#6691)

This is pretty pointless. Let's just use SynapseError.
---
 changelog.d/6691.misc           |  1 +
 synapse/api/errors.py           |  6 ------
 synapse/handlers/register.py    | 12 +++---------
 tests/handlers/test_register.py |  2 --
 4 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 changelog.d/6691.misc

(limited to 'tests/handlers')

diff --git a/changelog.d/6691.misc b/changelog.d/6691.misc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..104e9ce648
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/6691.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Remove redundant RegistrationError class.
diff --git a/synapse/api/errors.py b/synapse/api/errors.py
index 5853a54c95..9e9844b47c 100644
--- a/synapse/api/errors.py
+++ b/synapse/api/errors.py
@@ -158,12 +158,6 @@ class UserDeactivatedError(SynapseError):
         )
 
 
-class RegistrationError(SynapseError):
-    """An error raised when a registration event fails."""
-
-    pass
-
-
 class FederationDeniedError(SynapseError):
     """An error raised when the server tries to federate with a server which
     is not on its federation whitelist.
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/register.py b/synapse/handlers/register.py
index 885da82985..7ffc194f0c 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/register.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/register.py
@@ -20,13 +20,7 @@ from twisted.internet import defer
 
 from synapse import types
 from synapse.api.constants import MAX_USERID_LENGTH, LoginType
-from synapse.api.errors import (
-    AuthError,
-    Codes,
-    ConsentNotGivenError,
-    RegistrationError,
-    SynapseError,
-)
+from synapse.api.errors import AuthError, Codes, ConsentNotGivenError, SynapseError
 from synapse.config.server import is_threepid_reserved
 from synapse.http.servlet import assert_params_in_dict
 from synapse.replication.http.login import RegisterDeviceReplicationServlet
@@ -165,7 +159,7 @@ class RegistrationHandler(BaseHandler):
         Returns:
             Deferred[str]: user_id
         Raises:
-            RegistrationError if there was a problem registering.
+            SynapseError if there was a problem registering.
         """
         yield self.check_registration_ratelimit(address)
 
@@ -182,7 +176,7 @@ class RegistrationHandler(BaseHandler):
             if not was_guest:
                 try:
                     int(localpart)
-                    raise RegistrationError(
+                    raise SynapseError(
                         400, "Numeric user IDs are reserved for guest users."
                     )
                 except ValueError:
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_register.py b/tests/handlers/test_register.py
index 1e9ba3a201..e2915eb7b1 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_register.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_register.py
@@ -269,8 +269,6 @@ class RegistrationTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
               one will be randomly generated.
         Returns:
             A tuple of (user_id, access_token).
-        Raises:
-            RegistrationError if there was a problem registering.
         """
         if localpart is None:
             raise SynapseError(400, "Request must include user id")
-- 
cgit 1.5.1


From 28c98e51ffa166bd717646b0b34228e59f253485 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Erik Johnston <erik@matrix.org>
Date: Wed, 15 Jan 2020 14:59:33 +0000
Subject: Add `local_current_membership` table (#6655)

Currently we rely on `current_state_events` to figure out what rooms a
user was in and their last membership event in there. However, if the
server leaves the room then the table may be cleaned up and that
information is lost. So lets add a table that separately holds that
information.
---
 changelog.d/6655.misc                              |   1 +
 scripts/synapse_port_db                            |   2 +-
 synapse/handlers/admin.py                          |   2 +-
 synapse/handlers/deactivate_account.py             |   2 +-
 synapse/handlers/initial_sync.py                   |   2 +-
 synapse/handlers/room_member.py                    |   2 +-
 synapse/handlers/search.py                         |   2 +-
 synapse/handlers/sync.py                           |   2 +-
 synapse/push/push_tools.py                         |   2 +-
 synapse/replication/slave/storage/events.py        |   2 +-
 synapse/server_notices/server_notices_manager.py   |   2 +-
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/events.py         |  30 ++++
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/roommember.py     | 189 ++++++++++++---------
 .../schema/delta/57/local_current_membership.py    |  97 +++++++++++
 synapse/storage/prepare_database.py                |   2 +-
 tests/handlers/test_sync.py                        |   4 +-
 tests/replication/slave/storage/test_events.py     |   4 +-
 tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_account.py         |  12 +-
 tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_sync.py            |   9 -
 tests/storage/test_roommember.py                   |   2 +-
 20 files changed, 263 insertions(+), 107 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 changelog.d/6655.misc
 create mode 100644 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/57/local_current_membership.py

(limited to 'tests/handlers')

diff --git a/changelog.d/6655.misc b/changelog.d/6655.misc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..01e78bc84e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/6655.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Add `local_current_membership` table for tracking local user membership state in rooms.
diff --git a/scripts/synapse_port_db b/scripts/synapse_port_db
index f135c8bc54..5e69104b97 100755
--- a/scripts/synapse_port_db
+++ b/scripts/synapse_port_db
@@ -470,7 +470,7 @@ class Porter(object):
             engine.check_database(
                 db_conn, allow_outdated_version=allow_outdated_version
             )
-            prepare_database(db_conn, engine, config=None)
+            prepare_database(db_conn, engine, config=self.hs_config)
             store = Store(Database(hs, db_config, engine), db_conn, hs)
             db_conn.commit()
 
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/admin.py b/synapse/handlers/admin.py
index 76d18a8ba8..a9407553b4 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/admin.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/admin.py
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ class AdminHandler(BaseHandler):
             The returned value is that returned by `writer.finished()`.
         """
         # Get all rooms the user is in or has been in
-        rooms = await self.store.get_rooms_for_user_where_membership_is(
+        rooms = await self.store.get_rooms_for_local_user_where_membership_is(
             user_id,
             membership_list=(
                 Membership.JOIN,
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/deactivate_account.py b/synapse/handlers/deactivate_account.py
index 4426967f88..2afb390a92 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/deactivate_account.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/deactivate_account.py
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ class DeactivateAccountHandler(BaseHandler):
             user_id (str): The user ID to reject pending invites for.
         """
         user = UserID.from_string(user_id)
-        pending_invites = await self.store.get_invited_rooms_for_user(user_id)
+        pending_invites = await self.store.get_invited_rooms_for_local_user(user_id)
 
         for room in pending_invites:
             try:
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/initial_sync.py b/synapse/handlers/initial_sync.py
index 44ec3e66ae..2e6755f19c 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/initial_sync.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/initial_sync.py
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ class InitialSyncHandler(BaseHandler):
         if include_archived:
             memberships.append(Membership.LEAVE)
 
-        room_list = await self.store.get_rooms_for_user_where_membership_is(
+        room_list = await self.store.get_rooms_for_local_user_where_membership_is(
             user_id=user_id, membership_list=memberships
         )
 
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/room_member.py b/synapse/handlers/room_member.py
index 03bb52ccfb..15e8aa5249 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/room_member.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/room_member.py
@@ -690,7 +690,7 @@ class RoomMemberHandler(object):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _get_inviter(self, user_id, room_id):
-        invite = yield self.store.get_invite_for_user_in_room(
+        invite = yield self.store.get_invite_for_local_user_in_room(
             user_id=user_id, room_id=room_id
         )
         if invite:
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/search.py b/synapse/handlers/search.py
index ef750d1497..110097eab9 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/search.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/search.py
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ class SearchHandler(BaseHandler):
         search_filter = Filter(filter_dict)
 
         # TODO: Search through left rooms too
-        rooms = yield self.store.get_rooms_for_user_where_membership_is(
+        rooms = yield self.store.get_rooms_for_local_user_where_membership_is(
             user.to_string(),
             membership_list=[Membership.JOIN],
             # membership_list=[Membership.JOIN, Membership.LEAVE, Membership.Ban],
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/sync.py b/synapse/handlers/sync.py
index 2d3b8ba73c..cd95f85e3f 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/sync.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/sync.py
@@ -1662,7 +1662,7 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
             Membership.BAN,
         )
 
-        room_list = await self.store.get_rooms_for_user_where_membership_is(
+        room_list = await self.store.get_rooms_for_local_user_where_membership_is(
             user_id=user_id, membership_list=membership_list
         )
 
diff --git a/synapse/push/push_tools.py b/synapse/push/push_tools.py
index de5c101a58..5dae4648c0 100644
--- a/synapse/push/push_tools.py
+++ b/synapse/push/push_tools.py
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ from synapse.storage import Storage
 
 @defer.inlineCallbacks
 def get_badge_count(store, user_id):
-    invites = yield store.get_invited_rooms_for_user(user_id)
+    invites = yield store.get_invited_rooms_for_local_user(user_id)
     joins = yield store.get_rooms_for_user(user_id)
 
     my_receipts_by_room = yield store.get_receipts_for_user(user_id, "m.read")
diff --git a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/events.py b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/events.py
index 29f35b9915..3aa6cb8b96 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/events.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/events.py
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ class SlavedEventStore(
 
         if etype == EventTypes.Member:
             self._membership_stream_cache.entity_has_changed(state_key, stream_ordering)
-            self.get_invited_rooms_for_user.invalidate((state_key,))
+            self.get_invited_rooms_for_local_user.invalidate((state_key,))
 
         if relates_to:
             self.get_relations_for_event.invalidate_many((relates_to,))
diff --git a/synapse/server_notices/server_notices_manager.py b/synapse/server_notices/server_notices_manager.py
index 2dac90578c..f7432c8d2f 100644
--- a/synapse/server_notices/server_notices_manager.py
+++ b/synapse/server_notices/server_notices_manager.py
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ class ServerNoticesManager(object):
 
         assert self._is_mine_id(user_id), "Cannot send server notices to remote users"
 
-        rooms = yield self._store.get_rooms_for_user_where_membership_is(
+        rooms = yield self._store.get_rooms_for_local_user_where_membership_is(
             user_id, [Membership.INVITE, Membership.JOIN]
         )
         system_mxid = self._config.server_notices_mxid
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/events.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/events.py
index 58f35d7f56..e9fe63037b 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/events.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/events.py
@@ -128,6 +128,7 @@ class EventsStore(
             hs.get_clock().looping_call(_censor_redactions, 5 * 60 * 1000)
 
         self._ephemeral_messages_enabled = hs.config.enable_ephemeral_messages
+        self.is_mine_id = hs.is_mine_id
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _read_forward_extremities(self):
@@ -547,6 +548,34 @@ class EventsStore(
                 ],
             )
 
+            # Note: Do we really want to delete rows here (that we do not
+            # subsequently reinsert below)? While technically correct it means
+            # we have no record of the fact the user *was* a member of the
+            # room but got, say, state reset out of it.
+            if to_delete or to_insert:
+                txn.executemany(
+                    "DELETE FROM local_current_membership"
+                    " WHERE room_id = ? AND user_id = ?",
+                    (
+                        (room_id, state_key)
+                        for etype, state_key in itertools.chain(to_delete, to_insert)
+                        if etype == EventTypes.Member and self.is_mine_id(state_key)
+                    ),
+                )
+
+            if to_insert:
+                txn.executemany(
+                    """INSERT INTO local_current_membership
+                        (room_id, user_id, event_id, membership)
+                    VALUES (?, ?, ?, (SELECT membership FROM room_memberships WHERE event_id = ?))
+                    """,
+                    [
+                        (room_id, key[1], ev_id, ev_id)
+                        for key, ev_id in to_insert.items()
+                        if key[0] == EventTypes.Member and self.is_mine_id(key[1])
+                    ],
+                )
+
             txn.call_after(
                 self._curr_state_delta_stream_cache.entity_has_changed,
                 room_id,
@@ -1724,6 +1753,7 @@ class EventsStore(
             "local_invites",
             "room_account_data",
             "room_tags",
+            "local_current_membership",
         ):
             logger.info("[purge] removing %s from %s", room_id, table)
             txn.execute("DELETE FROM %s WHERE room_id=?" % (table,), (room_id,))
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/roommember.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/roommember.py
index 70ff5751b6..9acef7c950 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/roommember.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/roommember.py
@@ -297,19 +297,22 @@ class RoomMemberWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore):
         return {row[0]: row[1] for row in txn}
 
     @cached()
-    def get_invited_rooms_for_user(self, user_id):
-        """ Get all the rooms the user is invited to
+    def get_invited_rooms_for_local_user(self, user_id):
+        """ Get all the rooms the *local* user is invited to
+
         Args:
             user_id (str): The user ID.
         Returns:
             A deferred list of RoomsForUser.
         """
 
-        return self.get_rooms_for_user_where_membership_is(user_id, [Membership.INVITE])
+        return self.get_rooms_for_local_user_where_membership_is(
+            user_id, [Membership.INVITE]
+        )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_invite_for_user_in_room(self, user_id, room_id):
-        """Gets the invite for the given user and room
+    def get_invite_for_local_user_in_room(self, user_id, room_id):
+        """Gets the invite for the given *local* user and room
 
         Args:
             user_id (str)
@@ -319,15 +322,15 @@ class RoomMemberWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore):
             Deferred: Resolves to either a RoomsForUser or None if no invite was
                 found.
         """
-        invites = yield self.get_invited_rooms_for_user(user_id)
+        invites = yield self.get_invited_rooms_for_local_user(user_id)
         for invite in invites:
             if invite.room_id == room_id:
                 return invite
         return None
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_rooms_for_user_where_membership_is(self, user_id, membership_list):
-        """ Get all the rooms for this user where the membership for this user
+    def get_rooms_for_local_user_where_membership_is(self, user_id, membership_list):
+        """ Get all the rooms for this *local* user where the membership for this user
         matches one in the membership list.
 
         Filters out forgotten rooms.
@@ -344,8 +347,8 @@ class RoomMemberWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore):
             return defer.succeed(None)
 
         rooms = yield self.db.runInteraction(
-            "get_rooms_for_user_where_membership_is",
-            self._get_rooms_for_user_where_membership_is_txn,
+            "get_rooms_for_local_user_where_membership_is",
+            self._get_rooms_for_local_user_where_membership_is_txn,
             user_id,
             membership_list,
         )
@@ -354,76 +357,42 @@ class RoomMemberWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore):
         forgotten_rooms = yield self.get_forgotten_rooms_for_user(user_id)
         return [room for room in rooms if room.room_id not in forgotten_rooms]
 
-    def _get_rooms_for_user_where_membership_is_txn(
+    def _get_rooms_for_local_user_where_membership_is_txn(
         self, txn, user_id, membership_list
     ):
+        # Paranoia check.
+        if not self.hs.is_mine_id(user_id):
+            raise Exception(
+                "Cannot call 'get_rooms_for_local_user_where_membership_is' on non-local user %r"
+                % (user_id,),
+            )
 
-        do_invite = Membership.INVITE in membership_list
-        membership_list = [m for m in membership_list if m != Membership.INVITE]
-
-        results = []
-        if membership_list:
-            if self._current_state_events_membership_up_to_date:
-                clause, args = make_in_list_sql_clause(
-                    self.database_engine, "c.membership", membership_list
-                )
-                sql = """
-                    SELECT room_id, e.sender, c.membership, event_id, e.stream_ordering
-                    FROM current_state_events AS c
-                    INNER JOIN events AS e USING (room_id, event_id)
-                    WHERE
-                        c.type = 'm.room.member'
-                        AND state_key = ?
-                        AND %s
-                """ % (
-                    clause,
-                )
-            else:
-                clause, args = make_in_list_sql_clause(
-                    self.database_engine, "m.membership", membership_list
-                )
-                sql = """
-                    SELECT room_id, e.sender, m.membership, event_id, e.stream_ordering
-                    FROM current_state_events AS c
-                    INNER JOIN room_memberships AS m USING (room_id, event_id)
-                    INNER JOIN events AS e USING (room_id, event_id)
-                    WHERE
-                        c.type = 'm.room.member'
-                        AND state_key = ?
-                        AND %s
-                """ % (
-                    clause,
-                )
-
-            txn.execute(sql, (user_id, *args))
-            results = [RoomsForUser(**r) for r in self.db.cursor_to_dict(txn)]
+        clause, args = make_in_list_sql_clause(
+            self.database_engine, "c.membership", membership_list
+        )
 
-        if do_invite:
-            sql = (
-                "SELECT i.room_id, inviter, i.event_id, e.stream_ordering"
-                " FROM local_invites as i"
-                " INNER JOIN events as e USING (event_id)"
-                " WHERE invitee = ? AND locally_rejected is NULL"
-                " AND replaced_by is NULL"
-            )
+        sql = """
+            SELECT room_id, e.sender, c.membership, event_id, e.stream_ordering
+            FROM local_current_membership AS c
+            INNER JOIN events AS e USING (room_id, event_id)
+            WHERE
+                user_id = ?
+                AND %s
+        """ % (
+            clause,
+        )
 
-            txn.execute(sql, (user_id,))
-            results.extend(
-                RoomsForUser(
-                    room_id=r["room_id"],
-                    sender=r["inviter"],
-                    event_id=r["event_id"],
-                    stream_ordering=r["stream_ordering"],
-                    membership=Membership.INVITE,
-                )
-                for r in self.db.cursor_to_dict(txn)
-            )
+        txn.execute(sql, (user_id, *args))
+        results = [RoomsForUser(**r) for r in self.db.cursor_to_dict(txn)]
 
         return results
 
-    @cachedInlineCallbacks(max_entries=500000, iterable=True)
+    @cached(max_entries=500000, iterable=True)
     def get_rooms_for_user_with_stream_ordering(self, user_id):
-        """Returns a set of room_ids the user is currently joined to
+        """Returns a set of room_ids the user is currently joined to.
+
+        If a remote user only returns rooms this server is currently
+        participating in.
 
         Args:
             user_id (str)
@@ -433,17 +402,49 @@ class RoomMemberWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore):
             the rooms the user is in currently, along with the stream ordering
             of the most recent join for that user and room.
         """
-        rooms = yield self.get_rooms_for_user_where_membership_is(
-            user_id, membership_list=[Membership.JOIN]
-        )
-        return frozenset(
-            GetRoomsForUserWithStreamOrdering(r.room_id, r.stream_ordering)
-            for r in rooms
+        return self.db.runInteraction(
+            "get_rooms_for_user_with_stream_ordering",
+            self._get_rooms_for_user_with_stream_ordering_txn,
+            user_id,
         )
 
+    def _get_rooms_for_user_with_stream_ordering_txn(self, txn, user_id):
+        # We use `current_state_events` here and not `local_current_membership`
+        # as a) this gets called with remote users and b) this only gets called
+        # for rooms the server is participating in.
+        if self._current_state_events_membership_up_to_date:
+            sql = """
+                SELECT room_id, e.stream_ordering
+                FROM current_state_events AS c
+                INNER JOIN events AS e USING (room_id, event_id)
+                WHERE
+                    c.type = 'm.room.member'
+                    AND state_key = ?
+                    AND c.membership = ?
+            """
+        else:
+            sql = """
+                SELECT room_id, e.stream_ordering
+                FROM current_state_events AS c
+                INNER JOIN room_memberships AS m USING (room_id, event_id)
+                INNER JOIN events AS e USING (room_id, event_id)
+                WHERE
+                    c.type = 'm.room.member'
+                    AND state_key = ?
+                    AND m.membership = ?
+            """
+
+        txn.execute(sql, (user_id, Membership.JOIN))
+        results = frozenset(GetRoomsForUserWithStreamOrdering(*row) for row in txn)
+
+        return results
+
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_rooms_for_user(self, user_id, on_invalidate=None):
-        """Returns a set of room_ids the user is currently joined to
+        """Returns a set of room_ids the user is currently joined to.
+
+        If a remote user only returns rooms this server is currently
+        participating in.
         """
         rooms = yield self.get_rooms_for_user_with_stream_ordering(
             user_id, on_invalidate=on_invalidate
@@ -1022,7 +1023,7 @@ class RoomMemberStore(RoomMemberWorkerStore, RoomMemberBackgroundUpdateStore):
                 event.internal_metadata.stream_ordering,
             )
             txn.call_after(
-                self.get_invited_rooms_for_user.invalidate, (event.state_key,)
+                self.get_invited_rooms_for_local_user.invalidate, (event.state_key,)
             )
 
             # We update the local_invites table only if the event is "current",
@@ -1064,6 +1065,27 @@ class RoomMemberStore(RoomMemberWorkerStore, RoomMemberBackgroundUpdateStore):
                         ),
                     )
 
+                # We also update the `local_current_membership` table with
+                # latest invite info. This will usually get updated by the
+                # `current_state_events` handling, unless its an outlier.
+                if event.internal_metadata.is_outlier():
+                    # This should only happen for out of band memberships, so
+                    # we add a paranoia check.
+                    assert event.internal_metadata.is_out_of_band_membership()
+
+                    self.db.simple_upsert_txn(
+                        txn,
+                        table="local_current_membership",
+                        keyvalues={
+                            "room_id": event.room_id,
+                            "user_id": event.state_key,
+                        },
+                        values={
+                            "event_id": event.event_id,
+                            "membership": event.membership,
+                        },
+                    )
+
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def locally_reject_invite(self, user_id, room_id):
         sql = (
@@ -1075,6 +1097,15 @@ class RoomMemberStore(RoomMemberWorkerStore, RoomMemberBackgroundUpdateStore):
         def f(txn, stream_ordering):
             txn.execute(sql, (stream_ordering, True, room_id, user_id))
 
+            # We also clear this entry from `local_current_membership`.
+            # Ideally we'd point to a leave event, but we don't have one, so
+            # nevermind.
+            self.db.simple_delete_txn(
+                txn,
+                table="local_current_membership",
+                keyvalues={"room_id": room_id, "user_id": user_id},
+            )
+
         with self._stream_id_gen.get_next() as stream_ordering:
             yield self.db.runInteraction("locally_reject_invite", f, stream_ordering)
 
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/57/local_current_membership.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/57/local_current_membership.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..601c236c4a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/schema/delta/57/local_current_membership.py
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2020 New Vector Ltd
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+
+# We create a new table called `local_current_membership` that stores the latest
+# membership state of local users in rooms, which helps track leaves/bans/etc
+# even if the server has left the room (and so has deleted the room from
+# `current_state_events`). This will also include outstanding invites for local
+# users for rooms the server isn't in.
+#
+# If the server isn't and hasn't been in the room then it will only include
+# outsstanding invites, and not e.g. pre-emptive bans of local users.
+#
+# If the server later rejoins a room `local_current_membership` can simply be
+# replaced with the new current state of the room (which results in the
+# equivalent behaviour as if the server had remained in the room).
+
+
+def run_upgrade(cur, database_engine, config, *args, **kwargs):
+    # We need to do the insert in `run_upgrade` section as we don't have access
+    # to `config` in `run_create`.
+
+    # This upgrade may take a bit of time for large servers (e.g. one minute for
+    # matrix.org) but means we avoid a lots of book keeping required to do it as
+    # a background update.
+
+    # We check if the `current_state_events.membership` is up to date by
+    # checking if the relevant background update has finished. If it has
+    # finished we can avoid doing a join against `room_memberships`, which
+    # speesd things up.
+    cur.execute(
+        """SELECT 1 FROM background_updates
+            WHERE update_name = 'current_state_events_membership'
+        """
+    )
+    current_state_membership_up_to_date = not bool(cur.fetchone())
+
+    # Cheekily drop and recreate indices, as that is faster.
+    cur.execute("DROP INDEX local_current_membership_idx")
+    cur.execute("DROP INDEX local_current_membership_room_idx")
+
+    if current_state_membership_up_to_date:
+        sql = """
+            INSERT INTO local_current_membership (room_id, user_id, event_id, membership)
+                SELECT c.room_id, state_key AS user_id, event_id, c.membership
+                FROM current_state_events AS c
+                WHERE type = 'm.room.member' AND c.membership IS NOT NULL AND state_key like '%' || ?
+        """
+    else:
+        # We can't rely on the membership column, so we need to join against
+        # `room_memberships`.
+        sql = """
+            INSERT INTO local_current_membership (room_id, user_id, event_id, membership)
+                SELECT c.room_id, state_key AS user_id, event_id, r.membership
+                FROM current_state_events AS c
+                INNER JOIN room_memberships AS r USING (event_id)
+                WHERE type = 'm.room.member' and state_key like '%' || ?
+        """
+    cur.execute(sql, (config.server_name,))
+
+    cur.execute(
+        "CREATE UNIQUE INDEX local_current_membership_idx ON local_current_membership(user_id, room_id)"
+    )
+    cur.execute(
+        "CREATE INDEX local_current_membership_room_idx ON local_current_membership(room_id)"
+    )
+
+
+def run_create(cur, database_engine, *args, **kwargs):
+    cur.execute(
+        """
+        CREATE TABLE local_current_membership (
+            room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+            user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+            event_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+            membership TEXT NOT NULL
+        )"""
+    )
+
+    cur.execute(
+        "CREATE UNIQUE INDEX local_current_membership_idx ON local_current_membership(user_id, room_id)"
+    )
+    cur.execute(
+        "CREATE INDEX local_current_membership_room_idx ON local_current_membership(room_id)"
+    )
diff --git a/synapse/storage/prepare_database.py b/synapse/storage/prepare_database.py
index e70026b80a..e86984cd50 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/prepare_database.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/prepare_database.py
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 # Remember to update this number every time a change is made to database
 # schema files, so the users will be informed on server restarts.
-SCHEMA_VERSION = 56
+SCHEMA_VERSION = 57
 
 dir_path = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__))
 
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_sync.py b/tests/handlers/test_sync.py
index 758ee071a5..4cbe9784ed 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_sync.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_sync.py
@@ -32,8 +32,8 @@ class SyncTestCase(tests.unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
     def test_wait_for_sync_for_user_auth_blocking(self):
 
-        user_id1 = "@user1:server"
-        user_id2 = "@user2:server"
+        user_id1 = "@user1:test"
+        user_id2 = "@user2:test"
         sync_config = self._generate_sync_config(user_id1)
 
         self.reactor.advance(100)  # So we get not 0 time
diff --git a/tests/replication/slave/storage/test_events.py b/tests/replication/slave/storage/test_events.py
index b68e9fe082..b1b037006d 100644
--- a/tests/replication/slave/storage/test_events.py
+++ b/tests/replication/slave/storage/test_events.py
@@ -115,13 +115,13 @@ class SlavedEventStoreTestCase(BaseSlavedStoreTestCase):
 
     def test_invites(self):
         self.persist(type="m.room.create", key="", creator=USER_ID)
-        self.check("get_invited_rooms_for_user", [USER_ID_2], [])
+        self.check("get_invited_rooms_for_local_user", [USER_ID_2], [])
         event = self.persist(type="m.room.member", key=USER_ID_2, membership="invite")
 
         self.replicate()
 
         self.check(
-            "get_invited_rooms_for_user",
+            "get_invited_rooms_for_local_user",
             [USER_ID_2],
             [
                 RoomsForUser(
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_account.py b/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_account.py
index 0f51895b81..c3facc00eb 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_account.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_account.py
@@ -285,7 +285,9 @@ class DeactivateTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         )
 
         # Make sure the invite is here.
-        pending_invites = self.get_success(store.get_invited_rooms_for_user(invitee_id))
+        pending_invites = self.get_success(
+            store.get_invited_rooms_for_local_user(invitee_id)
+        )
         self.assertEqual(len(pending_invites), 1, pending_invites)
         self.assertEqual(pending_invites[0].room_id, room_id, pending_invites)
 
@@ -293,12 +295,16 @@ class DeactivateTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         self.deactivate(invitee_id, invitee_tok)
 
         # Check that the invite isn't there anymore.
-        pending_invites = self.get_success(store.get_invited_rooms_for_user(invitee_id))
+        pending_invites = self.get_success(
+            store.get_invited_rooms_for_local_user(invitee_id)
+        )
         self.assertEqual(len(pending_invites), 0, pending_invites)
 
         # Check that the membership of @invitee:test in the room is now "leave".
         memberships = self.get_success(
-            store.get_rooms_for_user_where_membership_is(invitee_id, [Membership.LEAVE])
+            store.get_rooms_for_local_user_where_membership_is(
+                invitee_id, [Membership.LEAVE]
+            )
         )
         self.assertEqual(len(memberships), 1, memberships)
         self.assertEqual(memberships[0].room_id, room_id, memberships)
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_sync.py b/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_sync.py
index 661c1f88b9..9c13a13786 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_sync.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_sync.py
@@ -15,8 +15,6 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 import json
 
-from mock import Mock
-
 import synapse.rest.admin
 from synapse.api.constants import EventContentFields, EventTypes
 from synapse.rest.client.v1 import login, room
@@ -36,13 +34,6 @@ class FilterTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         sync.register_servlets,
     ]
 
-    def make_homeserver(self, reactor, clock):
-
-        hs = self.setup_test_homeserver(
-            "red", http_client=None, federation_client=Mock()
-        )
-        return hs
-
     def test_sync_argless(self):
         request, channel = self.make_request("GET", "/sync")
         self.render(request)
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_roommember.py b/tests/storage/test_roommember.py
index 7840f63fe3..00df0ea68e 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_roommember.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_roommember.py
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ class RoomMemberStoreTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         self.room = self.helper.create_room_as(self.u_alice, tok=self.t_alice)
 
         rooms_for_user = self.get_success(
-            self.store.get_rooms_for_user_where_membership_is(
+            self.store.get_rooms_for_local_user_where_membership_is(
                 self.u_alice, [Membership.JOIN]
             )
         )
-- 
cgit 1.5.1


From b660327056cdced860d532ab2404a26946da7ef5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Erik Johnston <erik@matrix.org>
Date: Thu, 30 Jan 2020 17:06:38 +0000
Subject: Resync remote device list when detected as stale. (#6786)

---
 changelog.d/6786.misc             |  1 +
 synapse/handlers/devicemessage.py | 10 ++++++++--
 synapse/handlers/federation.py    | 18 ++++++++++++++++--
 tests/handlers/test_typing.py     |  6 +++---
 4 files changed, 28 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 changelog.d/6786.misc

(limited to 'tests/handlers')

diff --git a/changelog.d/6786.misc b/changelog.d/6786.misc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..94c692e53a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/6786.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Attempt to resync remote users' devices when detected as stale.
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/devicemessage.py b/synapse/handlers/devicemessage.py
index 5c5fe77be2..05c4b3eec0 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/devicemessage.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/devicemessage.py
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ from canonicaljson import json
 from twisted.internet import defer
 
 from synapse.api.errors import SynapseError
+from synapse.logging.context import run_in_background
 from synapse.logging.opentracing import (
     get_active_span_text_map,
     log_kv,
@@ -48,6 +49,8 @@ class DeviceMessageHandler(object):
             "m.direct_to_device", self.on_direct_to_device_edu
         )
 
+        self._device_list_updater = hs.get_device_handler().device_list_updater
+
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_direct_to_device_edu(self, origin, content):
         local_messages = {}
@@ -134,8 +137,11 @@ class DeviceMessageHandler(object):
                 unknown_devices,
             )
             yield self.store.mark_remote_user_device_cache_as_stale(sender_user_id)
-            # TODO: Poke something to start trying to refetch user's
-            # keys.
+
+            # Immediately attempt a resync in the background
+            run_in_background(
+                self._device_list_updater.user_device_resync, sender_user_id
+            )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def send_device_message(self, sender_user_id, message_type, messages):
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/federation.py b/synapse/handlers/federation.py
index a67020a259..ca484e5458 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/federation.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/federation.py
@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@ from synapse.logging.context import (
     run_in_background,
 )
 from synapse.logging.utils import log_function
+from synapse.replication.http.devices import ReplicationUserDevicesResyncRestServlet
 from synapse.replication.http.federation import (
     ReplicationCleanRoomRestServlet,
     ReplicationFederationSendEventsRestServlet,
@@ -156,6 +157,13 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
             hs
         )
 
+        if hs.config.worker_app:
+            self._user_device_resync = ReplicationUserDevicesResyncRestServlet.make_client(
+                hs
+            )
+        else:
+            self._device_list_updater = hs.get_device_handler().device_list_updater
+
         # When joining a room we need to queue any events for that room up
         self.room_queues = {}
         self._room_pdu_linearizer = Linearizer("fed_room_pdu")
@@ -759,8 +767,14 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
                     await self.store.mark_remote_user_device_cache_as_stale(
                         event.sender
                     )
-                    # TODO: Poke something to start trying to refetch user's
-                    # keys.
+
+                    # Immediately attempt a resync in the background
+                    if self.config.worker_app:
+                        return run_in_background(self._user_device_resync, event.sender)
+                    else:
+                        return run_in_background(
+                            self._device_list_updater.user_device_resync, event.sender
+                        )
 
     @log_function
     async def backfill(self, dest, room_id, limit, extremities):
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_typing.py b/tests/handlers/test_typing.py
index 596ddc6970..68b9847bd2 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_typing.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_typing.py
@@ -81,6 +81,9 @@ class TypingNotificationsTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
             ]
         )
 
+        # the tests assume that we are starting at unix time 1000
+        reactor.pump((1000,))
+
         hs = self.setup_test_homeserver(
             notifier=Mock(), http_client=mock_federation_client, keyring=mock_keyring
         )
@@ -90,9 +93,6 @@ class TypingNotificationsTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         return hs
 
     def prepare(self, reactor, clock, hs):
-        # the tests assume that we are starting at unix time 1000
-        reactor.pump((1000,))
-
         mock_notifier = hs.get_notifier()
         self.on_new_event = mock_notifier.on_new_event
 
-- 
cgit 1.5.1


From ef6bdafb29abe14cb40f6b83a46e70d82cd3e041 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Richard van der Hoff <richard@matrix.org>
Date: Wed, 29 Jan 2020 17:55:48 +0000
Subject: Store the room version in EventBuilder

---
 synapse/events/builder.py       | 12 +++++++-----
 tests/handlers/test_presence.py |  4 ++--
 2 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

(limited to 'tests/handlers')

diff --git a/synapse/events/builder.py b/synapse/events/builder.py
index 3997751337..291fb38a26 100644
--- a/synapse/events/builder.py
+++ b/synapse/events/builder.py
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ from synapse.api.room_versions import (
     KNOWN_EVENT_FORMAT_VERSIONS,
     KNOWN_ROOM_VERSIONS,
     EventFormatVersions,
+    RoomVersion,
 )
 from synapse.crypto.event_signing import add_hashes_and_signatures
 from synapse.types import EventID
@@ -40,7 +41,7 @@ class EventBuilder(object):
     content/unsigned/internal_metadata fields are still mutable)
 
     Attributes:
-        format_version (int): Event format version
+        room_version: Version of the target room
         room_id (str)
         type (str)
         sender (str)
@@ -63,7 +64,7 @@ class EventBuilder(object):
     _hostname = attr.ib()
     _signing_key = attr.ib()
 
-    format_version = attr.ib()
+    room_version = attr.ib(type=RoomVersion)
 
     room_id = attr.ib()
     type = attr.ib()
@@ -108,7 +109,8 @@ class EventBuilder(object):
         )
         auth_ids = yield self._auth.compute_auth_events(self, state_ids)
 
-        if self.format_version == EventFormatVersions.V1:
+        format_version = self.room_version.event_format
+        if format_version == EventFormatVersions.V1:
             auth_events = yield self._store.add_event_hashes(auth_ids)
             prev_events = yield self._store.add_event_hashes(prev_event_ids)
         else:
@@ -148,7 +150,7 @@ class EventBuilder(object):
             clock=self._clock,
             hostname=self._hostname,
             signing_key=self._signing_key,
-            format_version=self.format_version,
+            format_version=format_version,
             event_dict=event_dict,
             internal_metadata_dict=self.internal_metadata.get_dict(),
         )
@@ -201,7 +203,7 @@ class EventBuilderFactory(object):
             clock=self.clock,
             hostname=self.hostname,
             signing_key=self.signing_key,
-            format_version=room_version.event_format,
+            room_version=room_version,
             type=key_values["type"],
             state_key=key_values.get("state_key"),
             room_id=key_values["room_id"],
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_presence.py b/tests/handlers/test_presence.py
index d4293b4312..69914428e2 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_presence.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_presence.py
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ from mock import Mock, call
 from signedjson.key import generate_signing_key
 
 from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes, Membership, PresenceState
-from synapse.events import room_version_to_event_format
+from synapse.api.room_versions import KNOWN_ROOM_VERSIONS
 from synapse.events.builder import EventBuilder
 from synapse.handlers.presence import (
     EXTERNAL_PROCESS_EXPIRY,
@@ -597,7 +597,7 @@ class PresenceJoinTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
             clock=self.clock,
             hostname=hostname,
             signing_key=self.random_signing_key,
-            format_version=room_version_to_event_format(room_version),
+            room_version=KNOWN_ROOM_VERSIONS[room_version],
             room_id=room_id,
             type=EventTypes.Member,
             sender=user_id,
-- 
cgit 1.5.1


From d7bf793cc1e3f5268285286341835ac54753eff6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Richard van der Hoff <richard@matrix.org>
Date: Fri, 31 Jan 2020 10:06:21 +0000
Subject: s/get_room_version/get_room_version_id/

... to make way for a forthcoming get_room_version which returns a RoomVersion
object.
---
 synapse/federation/federation_client.py   | 10 +++++-----
 synapse/federation/federation_server.py   | 16 ++++++++--------
 synapse/handlers/federation.py            | 18 +++++++++---------
 synapse/handlers/message.py               |  8 +++++---
 synapse/handlers/pagination.py            |  2 +-
 synapse/handlers/room.py                  |  2 +-
 synapse/state/__init__.py                 |  2 +-
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/state.py |  2 +-
 synapse/storage/persist_events.py         |  2 +-
 tests/handlers/test_presence.py           |  2 +-
 tests/test_state.py                       |  2 +-
 tests/unittest.py                         |  4 +++-
 12 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 33 deletions(-)

(limited to 'tests/handlers')

diff --git a/synapse/federation/federation_client.py b/synapse/federation/federation_client.py
index d57e8ca7a2..4ac3d81cba 100644
--- a/synapse/federation/federation_client.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/federation_client.py
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
 
         logger.debug("backfill transaction_data=%r", transaction_data)
 
-        room_version = yield self.store.get_room_version(room_id)
+        room_version = yield self.store.get_room_version_id(room_id)
         format_ver = room_version_to_event_format(room_version)
 
         pdus = [
@@ -336,7 +336,7 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
     def get_event_auth(self, destination, room_id, event_id):
         res = yield self.transport_layer.get_event_auth(destination, room_id, event_id)
 
-        room_version = yield self.store.get_room_version(room_id)
+        room_version = yield self.store.get_room_version_id(room_id)
         format_ver = room_version_to_event_format(room_version)
 
         auth_chain = [
@@ -649,7 +649,7 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def send_invite(self, destination, room_id, event_id, pdu):
-        room_version = yield self.store.get_room_version(room_id)
+        room_version = yield self.store.get_room_version_id(room_id)
 
         content = yield self._do_send_invite(destination, pdu, room_version)
 
@@ -657,7 +657,7 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
 
         logger.debug("Got response to send_invite: %s", pdu_dict)
 
-        room_version = yield self.store.get_room_version(room_id)
+        room_version = yield self.store.get_room_version_id(room_id)
         format_ver = room_version_to_event_format(room_version)
 
         pdu = event_from_pdu_json(pdu_dict, format_ver)
@@ -859,7 +859,7 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
                 timeout=timeout,
             )
 
-            room_version = yield self.store.get_room_version(room_id)
+            room_version = yield self.store.get_room_version_id(room_id)
             format_ver = room_version_to_event_format(room_version)
 
             events = [
diff --git a/synapse/federation/federation_server.py b/synapse/federation/federation_server.py
index 9562faa3ee..a4c97ed458 100644
--- a/synapse/federation/federation_server.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/federation_server.py
@@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
                 continue
 
             try:
-                room_version = await self.store.get_room_version(room_id)
+                room_version = await self.store.get_room_version_id(room_id)
             except NotFoundError:
                 logger.info("Ignoring PDU for unknown room_id: %s", room_id)
                 continue
@@ -334,7 +334,7 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
                 )
             )
 
-        room_version = await self.store.get_room_version(room_id)
+        room_version = await self.store.get_room_version_id(room_id)
         resp["room_version"] = room_version
 
         return 200, resp
@@ -385,7 +385,7 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
         origin_host, _ = parse_server_name(origin)
         await self.check_server_matches_acl(origin_host, room_id)
 
-        room_version = await self.store.get_room_version(room_id)
+        room_version = await self.store.get_room_version_id(room_id)
         if room_version not in supported_versions:
             logger.warning(
                 "Room version %s not in %s", room_version, supported_versions
@@ -417,7 +417,7 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
     async def on_send_join_request(self, origin, content, room_id):
         logger.debug("on_send_join_request: content: %s", content)
 
-        room_version = await self.store.get_room_version(room_id)
+        room_version = await self.store.get_room_version_id(room_id)
         format_ver = room_version_to_event_format(room_version)
         pdu = event_from_pdu_json(content, format_ver)
 
@@ -440,7 +440,7 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
         await self.check_server_matches_acl(origin_host, room_id)
         pdu = await self.handler.on_make_leave_request(origin, room_id, user_id)
 
-        room_version = await self.store.get_room_version(room_id)
+        room_version = await self.store.get_room_version_id(room_id)
 
         time_now = self._clock.time_msec()
         return {"event": pdu.get_pdu_json(time_now), "room_version": room_version}
@@ -448,7 +448,7 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
     async def on_send_leave_request(self, origin, content, room_id):
         logger.debug("on_send_leave_request: content: %s", content)
 
-        room_version = await self.store.get_room_version(room_id)
+        room_version = await self.store.get_room_version_id(room_id)
         format_ver = room_version_to_event_format(room_version)
         pdu = event_from_pdu_json(content, format_ver)
 
@@ -495,7 +495,7 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
             origin_host, _ = parse_server_name(origin)
             await self.check_server_matches_acl(origin_host, room_id)
 
-            room_version = await self.store.get_room_version(room_id)
+            room_version = await self.store.get_room_version_id(room_id)
             format_ver = room_version_to_event_format(room_version)
 
             auth_chain = [
@@ -664,7 +664,7 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
                 logger.info("Accepting join PDU %s from %s", pdu.event_id, origin)
 
         # We've already checked that we know the room version by this point
-        room_version = await self.store.get_room_version(pdu.room_id)
+        room_version = await self.store.get_room_version_id(pdu.room_id)
 
         # Check signature.
         try:
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/federation.py b/synapse/handlers/federation.py
index 01372f6d47..30c720f093 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/federation.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/federation.py
@@ -388,7 +388,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
                             for x in remote_state:
                                 event_map[x.event_id] = x
 
-                    room_version = await self.store.get_room_version(room_id)
+                    room_version = await self.store.get_room_version_id(room_id)
                     state_map = await resolve_events_with_store(
                         room_id,
                         room_version,
@@ -1110,7 +1110,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
         Logs a warning if we can't find the given event.
         """
 
-        room_version = await self.store.get_room_version(room_id)
+        room_version = await self.store.get_room_version_id(room_id)
 
         event_infos = []
 
@@ -1373,7 +1373,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
 
         event_content = {"membership": Membership.JOIN}
 
-        room_version = yield self.store.get_room_version(room_id)
+        room_version = yield self.store.get_room_version_id(room_id)
 
         builder = self.event_builder_factory.new(
             room_version,
@@ -1607,7 +1607,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
             )
             raise SynapseError(403, "User not from origin", Codes.FORBIDDEN)
 
-        room_version = yield self.store.get_room_version(room_id)
+        room_version = yield self.store.get_room_version_id(room_id)
         builder = self.event_builder_factory.new(
             room_version,
             {
@@ -2055,7 +2055,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
                 do_soft_fail_check = False
 
         if do_soft_fail_check:
-            room_version = yield self.store.get_room_version(event.room_id)
+            room_version = yield self.store.get_room_version_id(event.room_id)
             room_version_obj = KNOWN_ROOM_VERSIONS[room_version]
 
             # Calculate the "current state".
@@ -2191,7 +2191,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
         Returns:
             defer.Deferred[EventContext]: updated context object
         """
-        room_version = yield self.store.get_room_version(event.room_id)
+        room_version = yield self.store.get_room_version_id(event.room_id)
         room_version_obj = KNOWN_ROOM_VERSIONS[room_version]
 
         try:
@@ -2363,7 +2363,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
         remote_auth_events.update({(d.type, d.state_key): d for d in different_events})
         remote_state = remote_auth_events.values()
 
-        room_version = yield self.store.get_room_version(event.room_id)
+        room_version = yield self.store.get_room_version_id(event.room_id)
         new_state = yield self.state_handler.resolve_events(
             room_version, (local_state, remote_state), event
         )
@@ -2587,7 +2587,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
         }
 
         if (yield self.auth.check_host_in_room(room_id, self.hs.hostname)):
-            room_version = yield self.store.get_room_version(room_id)
+            room_version = yield self.store.get_room_version_id(room_id)
             builder = self.event_builder_factory.new(room_version, event_dict)
 
             EventValidator().validate_builder(builder)
@@ -2650,7 +2650,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
         Returns:
             Deferred: resolves (to None)
         """
-        room_version = yield self.store.get_room_version(room_id)
+        room_version = yield self.store.get_room_version_id(room_id)
 
         # NB: event_dict has a particular specced format we might need to fudge
         # if we change event formats too much.
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/message.py b/synapse/handlers/message.py
index 9a0f661b9b..bdf16c84d3 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/message.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/message.py
@@ -459,7 +459,9 @@ class EventCreationHandler(object):
             room_version = event_dict["content"]["room_version"]
         else:
             try:
-                room_version = yield self.store.get_room_version(event_dict["room_id"])
+                room_version = yield self.store.get_room_version_id(
+                    event_dict["room_id"]
+                )
             except NotFoundError:
                 raise AuthError(403, "Unknown room")
 
@@ -788,7 +790,7 @@ class EventCreationHandler(object):
         ):
             room_version = event.content.get("room_version", RoomVersions.V1.identifier)
         else:
-            room_version = yield self.store.get_room_version(event.room_id)
+            room_version = yield self.store.get_room_version_id(event.room_id)
 
         event_allowed = yield self.third_party_event_rules.check_event_allowed(
             event, context
@@ -963,7 +965,7 @@ class EventCreationHandler(object):
             auth_events = yield self.store.get_events(auth_events_ids)
             auth_events = {(e.type, e.state_key): e for e in auth_events.values()}
 
-            room_version = yield self.store.get_room_version(event.room_id)
+            room_version = yield self.store.get_room_version_id(event.room_id)
             room_version_obj = KNOWN_ROOM_VERSIONS[room_version]
 
             if event_auth.check_redaction(
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/pagination.py b/synapse/handlers/pagination.py
index 71d76202c9..caf841a643 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/pagination.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/pagination.py
@@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ class PaginationHandler(object):
         """Purge the given room from the database"""
         with (await self.pagination_lock.write(room_id)):
             # check we know about the room
-            await self.store.get_room_version(room_id)
+            await self.store.get_room_version_id(room_id)
 
             # first check that we have no users in this room
             joined = await defer.maybeDeferred(
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/room.py b/synapse/handlers/room.py
index a95b45d791..1382399557 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/room.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/room.py
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ class RoomCreationHandler(BaseHandler):
             },
             token_id=requester.access_token_id,
         )
-        old_room_version = yield self.store.get_room_version(old_room_id)
+        old_room_version = yield self.store.get_room_version_id(old_room_id)
         yield self.auth.check_from_context(
             old_room_version, tombstone_event, tombstone_context
         )
diff --git a/synapse/state/__init__.py b/synapse/state/__init__.py
index cacd0c0c2b..fdd6bef6b4 100644
--- a/synapse/state/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/state/__init__.py
@@ -394,7 +394,7 @@ class StateHandler(object):
                 delta_ids=delta_ids,
             )
 
-        room_version = yield self.store.get_room_version(room_id)
+        room_version = yield self.store.get_room_version_id(room_id)
 
         result = yield self._state_resolution_handler.resolve_state_groups(
             room_id,
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/state.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/state.py
index 4167f83c9b..6700942523 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/state.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/state.py
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ class StateGroupWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
         super(StateGroupWorkerStore, self).__init__(database, db_conn, hs)
 
     @cached(max_entries=10000)
-    async def get_room_version(self, room_id: str) -> str:
+    async def get_room_version_id(self, room_id: str) -> str:
         """Get the room_version of a given room
 
         Raises:
diff --git a/synapse/storage/persist_events.py b/synapse/storage/persist_events.py
index 86166fd4c1..af3fd67ab9 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/persist_events.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/persist_events.py
@@ -661,7 +661,7 @@ class EventsPersistenceStorage(object):
                 break
 
         if not room_version:
-            room_version = await self.main_store.get_room_version(room_id)
+            room_version = await self.main_store.get_room_version_id(room_id)
 
         logger.debug("calling resolve_state_groups from preserve_events")
         res = await self._state_resolution_handler.resolve_state_groups(
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_presence.py b/tests/handlers/test_presence.py
index d4293b4312..e92e090c3c 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_presence.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_presence.py
@@ -588,7 +588,7 @@ class PresenceJoinTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
         hostname = get_domain_from_id(user_id)
 
-        room_version = self.get_success(self.store.get_room_version(room_id))
+        room_version = self.get_success(self.store.get_room_version_id(room_id))
 
         builder = EventBuilder(
             state=self.state,
diff --git a/tests/test_state.py b/tests/test_state.py
index e0aae06be4..1e4449fa1c 100644
--- a/tests/test_state.py
+++ b/tests/test_state.py
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ class StateGroupStore(object):
     def register_event_id_state_group(self, event_id, state_group):
         self._event_to_state_group[event_id] = state_group
 
-    def get_room_version(self, room_id):
+    def get_room_version_id(self, room_id):
         return RoomVersions.V1.identifier
 
 
diff --git a/tests/unittest.py b/tests/unittest.py
index b56e249386..98bf27d39c 100644
--- a/tests/unittest.py
+++ b/tests/unittest.py
@@ -589,7 +589,9 @@ class HomeserverTestCase(TestCase):
         event_builder_factory = self.hs.get_event_builder_factory()
         event_creation_handler = self.hs.get_event_creation_handler()
 
-        room_version = self.get_success(self.hs.get_datastore().get_room_version(room))
+        room_version = self.get_success(
+            self.hs.get_datastore().get_room_version_id(room)
+        )
 
         builder = event_builder_factory.for_room_version(
             KNOWN_ROOM_VERSIONS[room_version],
-- 
cgit 1.5.1


From 928edef9793bf10fa6156a42c4babbfaaaa17f88 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Richard van der Hoff <richard@matrix.org>
Date: Fri, 31 Jan 2020 16:50:13 +0000
Subject: Pass room_version into `event_from_pdu_json`

It's called from all over the shop, so this one's a bit messy.
---
 changelog.d/6856.misc                   |  1 +
 synapse/federation/federation_base.py   | 28 ++++++++++++----------
 synapse/federation/federation_client.py | 35 +++++++++++++---------------
 synapse/federation/federation_server.py | 41 +++++++++++----------------------
 tests/handlers/test_federation.py       |  6 +++--
 5 files changed, 51 insertions(+), 60 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 changelog.d/6856.misc

(limited to 'tests/handlers')

diff --git a/changelog.d/6856.misc b/changelog.d/6856.misc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..08aa80bcd9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/6856.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Refactoring work in preparation for changing the event redaction algorithm.
diff --git a/synapse/federation/federation_base.py b/synapse/federation/federation_base.py
index 0e22183280..ebe8b8e9fe 100644
--- a/synapse/federation/federation_base.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/federation_base.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright 2015, 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
+# Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -22,9 +23,13 @@ from twisted.internet.defer import DeferredList
 
 from synapse.api.constants import MAX_DEPTH, EventTypes, Membership
 from synapse.api.errors import Codes, SynapseError
-from synapse.api.room_versions import KNOWN_ROOM_VERSIONS, EventFormatVersions
+from synapse.api.room_versions import (
+    KNOWN_ROOM_VERSIONS,
+    EventFormatVersions,
+    RoomVersion,
+)
 from synapse.crypto.event_signing import check_event_content_hash
-from synapse.events import event_type_from_format_version
+from synapse.events import EventBase, event_type_from_format_version
 from synapse.events.utils import prune_event
 from synapse.http.servlet import assert_params_in_dict
 from synapse.logging.context import (
@@ -33,7 +38,7 @@ from synapse.logging.context import (
     make_deferred_yieldable,
     preserve_fn,
 )
-from synapse.types import get_domain_from_id
+from synapse.types import JsonDict, get_domain_from_id
 from synapse.util import unwrapFirstError
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
@@ -342,16 +347,15 @@ def _is_invite_via_3pid(event):
     )
 
 
-def event_from_pdu_json(pdu_json, event_format_version, outlier=False):
-    """Construct a FrozenEvent from an event json received over federation
+def event_from_pdu_json(
+    pdu_json: JsonDict, room_version: RoomVersion, outlier: bool = False
+) -> EventBase:
+    """Construct an EventBase from an event json received over federation
 
     Args:
-        pdu_json (object): pdu as received over federation
-        event_format_version (int): The event format version
-        outlier (bool): True to mark this event as an outlier
-
-    Returns:
-        FrozenEvent
+        pdu_json: pdu as received over federation
+        room_version: The version of the room this event belongs to
+        outlier: True to mark this event as an outlier
 
     Raises:
         SynapseError: if the pdu is missing required fields or is otherwise
@@ -370,7 +374,7 @@ def event_from_pdu_json(pdu_json, event_format_version, outlier=False):
     elif depth > MAX_DEPTH:
         raise SynapseError(400, "Depth too large", Codes.BAD_JSON)
 
-    event = event_type_from_format_version(event_format_version)(pdu_json)
+    event = event_type_from_format_version(room_version.event_format)(pdu_json)
 
     event.internal_metadata.outlier = outlier
 
diff --git a/synapse/federation/federation_client.py b/synapse/federation/federation_client.py
index 5fb4bd414c..4870e39652 100644
--- a/synapse/federation/federation_client.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/federation_client.py
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ from synapse.api.room_versions import (
     RoomVersion,
     RoomVersions,
 )
-from synapse.events import EventBase, builder, room_version_to_event_format
+from synapse.events import EventBase, builder
 from synapse.federation.federation_base import FederationBase, event_from_pdu_json
 from synapse.logging.context import make_deferred_yieldable
 from synapse.logging.utils import log_function
@@ -209,18 +209,18 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
 
         logger.debug("backfill transaction_data=%r", transaction_data)
 
-        room_version = await self.store.get_room_version_id(room_id)
-        format_ver = room_version_to_event_format(room_version)
+        room_version = await self.store.get_room_version(room_id)
 
         pdus = [
-            event_from_pdu_json(p, format_ver, outlier=False)
+            event_from_pdu_json(p, room_version, outlier=False)
             for p in transaction_data["pdus"]
         ]
 
         # FIXME: We should handle signature failures more gracefully.
         pdus[:] = await make_deferred_yieldable(
             defer.gatherResults(
-                self._check_sigs_and_hashes(room_version, pdus), consumeErrors=True
+                self._check_sigs_and_hashes(room_version.identifier, pdus),
+                consumeErrors=True,
             ).addErrback(unwrapFirstError)
         )
 
@@ -262,8 +262,6 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
 
         pdu_attempts = self.pdu_destination_tried.setdefault(event_id, {})
 
-        format_ver = room_version.event_format
-
         signed_pdu = None
         for destination in destinations:
             now = self._clock.time_msec()
@@ -284,7 +282,7 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
                 )
 
                 pdu_list = [
-                    event_from_pdu_json(p, format_ver, outlier=outlier)
+                    event_from_pdu_json(p, room_version, outlier=outlier)
                     for p in transaction_data["pdus"]
                 ]
 
@@ -350,15 +348,15 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
     async def get_event_auth(self, destination, room_id, event_id):
         res = await self.transport_layer.get_event_auth(destination, room_id, event_id)
 
-        room_version = await self.store.get_room_version_id(room_id)
-        format_ver = room_version_to_event_format(room_version)
+        room_version = await self.store.get_room_version(room_id)
 
         auth_chain = [
-            event_from_pdu_json(p, format_ver, outlier=True) for p in res["auth_chain"]
+            event_from_pdu_json(p, room_version, outlier=True)
+            for p in res["auth_chain"]
         ]
 
         signed_auth = await self._check_sigs_and_hash_and_fetch(
-            destination, auth_chain, outlier=True, room_version=room_version
+            destination, auth_chain, outlier=True, room_version=room_version.identifier
         )
 
         signed_auth.sort(key=lambda e: e.depth)
@@ -547,12 +545,12 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
             logger.debug("Got content: %s", content)
 
             state = [
-                event_from_pdu_json(p, room_version.event_format, outlier=True)
+                event_from_pdu_json(p, room_version, outlier=True)
                 for p in content.get("state", [])
             ]
 
             auth_chain = [
-                event_from_pdu_json(p, room_version.event_format, outlier=True)
+                event_from_pdu_json(p, room_version, outlier=True)
                 for p in content.get("auth_chain", [])
             ]
 
@@ -677,7 +675,7 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
 
         logger.debug("Got response to send_invite: %s", pdu_dict)
 
-        pdu = event_from_pdu_json(pdu_dict, room_version.event_format)
+        pdu = event_from_pdu_json(pdu_dict, room_version)
 
         # Check signatures are correct.
         pdu = await self._check_sigs_and_hash(room_version.identifier, pdu)
@@ -865,15 +863,14 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
                 timeout=timeout,
             )
 
-            room_version = await self.store.get_room_version_id(room_id)
-            format_ver = room_version_to_event_format(room_version)
+            room_version = await self.store.get_room_version(room_id)
 
             events = [
-                event_from_pdu_json(e, format_ver) for e in content.get("events", [])
+                event_from_pdu_json(e, room_version) for e in content.get("events", [])
             ]
 
             signed_events = await self._check_sigs_and_hash_and_fetch(
-                destination, events, outlier=False, room_version=room_version
+                destination, events, outlier=False, room_version=room_version.identifier
             )
         except HttpResponseException as e:
             if not e.code == 400:
diff --git a/synapse/federation/federation_server.py b/synapse/federation/federation_server.py
index 8e3933b6c5..2489832a11 100644
--- a/synapse/federation/federation_server.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/federation_server.py
@@ -38,7 +38,6 @@ from synapse.api.errors import (
     UnsupportedRoomVersionError,
 )
 from synapse.api.room_versions import KNOWN_ROOM_VERSIONS
-from synapse.events import room_version_to_event_format
 from synapse.federation.federation_base import FederationBase, event_from_pdu_json
 from synapse.federation.persistence import TransactionActions
 from synapse.federation.units import Edu, Transaction
@@ -234,24 +233,17 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
                 continue
 
             try:
-                room_version = await self.store.get_room_version_id(room_id)
+                room_version = await self.store.get_room_version(room_id)
             except NotFoundError:
                 logger.info("Ignoring PDU for unknown room_id: %s", room_id)
                 continue
-
-            try:
-                format_ver = room_version_to_event_format(room_version)
-            except UnsupportedRoomVersionError:
+            except UnsupportedRoomVersionError as e:
                 # this can happen if support for a given room version is withdrawn,
                 # so that we still get events for said room.
-                logger.info(
-                    "Ignoring PDU for room %s with unknown version %s",
-                    room_id,
-                    room_version,
-                )
+                logger.info("Ignoring PDU: %s", e)
                 continue
 
-            event = event_from_pdu_json(p, format_ver)
+            event = event_from_pdu_json(p, room_version)
             pdus_by_room.setdefault(room_id, []).append(event)
 
         pdu_results = {}
@@ -407,9 +399,7 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
                 Codes.UNSUPPORTED_ROOM_VERSION,
             )
 
-        format_ver = room_version.event_format
-
-        pdu = event_from_pdu_json(content, format_ver)
+        pdu = event_from_pdu_json(content, room_version)
         origin_host, _ = parse_server_name(origin)
         await self.check_server_matches_acl(origin_host, pdu.room_id)
         pdu = await self._check_sigs_and_hash(room_version.identifier, pdu)
@@ -420,16 +410,15 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
     async def on_send_join_request(self, origin, content, room_id):
         logger.debug("on_send_join_request: content: %s", content)
 
-        room_version = await self.store.get_room_version_id(room_id)
-        format_ver = room_version_to_event_format(room_version)
-        pdu = event_from_pdu_json(content, format_ver)
+        room_version = await self.store.get_room_version(room_id)
+        pdu = event_from_pdu_json(content, room_version)
 
         origin_host, _ = parse_server_name(origin)
         await self.check_server_matches_acl(origin_host, pdu.room_id)
 
         logger.debug("on_send_join_request: pdu sigs: %s", pdu.signatures)
 
-        pdu = await self._check_sigs_and_hash(room_version, pdu)
+        pdu = await self._check_sigs_and_hash(room_version.identifier, pdu)
 
         res_pdus = await self.handler.on_send_join_request(origin, pdu)
         time_now = self._clock.time_msec()
@@ -451,16 +440,15 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
     async def on_send_leave_request(self, origin, content, room_id):
         logger.debug("on_send_leave_request: content: %s", content)
 
-        room_version = await self.store.get_room_version_id(room_id)
-        format_ver = room_version_to_event_format(room_version)
-        pdu = event_from_pdu_json(content, format_ver)
+        room_version = await self.store.get_room_version(room_id)
+        pdu = event_from_pdu_json(content, room_version)
 
         origin_host, _ = parse_server_name(origin)
         await self.check_server_matches_acl(origin_host, pdu.room_id)
 
         logger.debug("on_send_leave_request: pdu sigs: %s", pdu.signatures)
 
-        pdu = await self._check_sigs_and_hash(room_version, pdu)
+        pdu = await self._check_sigs_and_hash(room_version.identifier, pdu)
 
         await self.handler.on_send_leave_request(origin, pdu)
         return {}
@@ -498,15 +486,14 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
             origin_host, _ = parse_server_name(origin)
             await self.check_server_matches_acl(origin_host, room_id)
 
-            room_version = await self.store.get_room_version_id(room_id)
-            format_ver = room_version_to_event_format(room_version)
+            room_version = await self.store.get_room_version(room_id)
 
             auth_chain = [
-                event_from_pdu_json(e, format_ver) for e in content["auth_chain"]
+                event_from_pdu_json(e, room_version) for e in content["auth_chain"]
             ]
 
             signed_auth = await self._check_sigs_and_hash_and_fetch(
-                origin, auth_chain, outlier=True, room_version=room_version
+                origin, auth_chain, outlier=True, room_version=room_version.identifier
             )
 
             ret = await self.handler.on_query_auth(
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_federation.py b/tests/handlers/test_federation.py
index b4d92cf732..132e35651d 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_federation.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_federation.py
@@ -99,6 +99,7 @@ class FederationTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         user_id = self.register_user("kermit", "test")
         tok = self.login("kermit", "test")
         room_id = self.helper.create_room_as(room_creator=user_id, tok=tok)
+        room_version = self.get_success(self.store.get_room_version(room_id))
 
         # pretend that another server has joined
         join_event = self._build_and_send_join_event(OTHER_SERVER, OTHER_USER, room_id)
@@ -120,7 +121,7 @@ class FederationTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
                 "auth_events": [],
                 "origin_server_ts": self.clock.time_msec(),
             },
-            join_event.format_version,
+            room_version,
         )
 
         with LoggingContext(request="send_rejected"):
@@ -149,6 +150,7 @@ class FederationTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         user_id = self.register_user("kermit", "test")
         tok = self.login("kermit", "test")
         room_id = self.helper.create_room_as(room_creator=user_id, tok=tok)
+        room_version = self.get_success(self.store.get_room_version(room_id))
 
         # pretend that another server has joined
         join_event = self._build_and_send_join_event(OTHER_SERVER, OTHER_USER, room_id)
@@ -171,7 +173,7 @@ class FederationTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
                 "auth_events": [],
                 "origin_server_ts": self.clock.time_msec(),
             },
-            join_event.format_version,
+            room_version,
         )
 
         with LoggingContext(request="send_rejected"):
-- 
cgit 1.5.1


From b08b0a22d505b1555f511e3f38935a62930ea25d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Erik Johnston <erik@matrix.org>
Date: Fri, 7 Feb 2020 13:56:38 +0000
Subject: Add typing to synapse.federation.sender (#6871)

---
 changelog.d/6871.misc                              |  1 +
 synapse/federation/federation_server.py            |  7 +-
 synapse/federation/sender/__init__.py              | 99 +++++++++++-----------
 synapse/federation/sender/per_destination_queue.py | 88 +++++++++----------
 synapse/federation/sender/transaction_manager.py   | 16 ++--
 synapse/federation/units.py                        | 23 ++++-
 synapse/server.pyi                                 |  2 +
 tests/handlers/test_typing.py                      |  8 +-
 tox.ini                                            |  1 +
 9 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 107 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 changelog.d/6871.misc

(limited to 'tests/handlers')

diff --git a/changelog.d/6871.misc b/changelog.d/6871.misc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5161af9983
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/6871.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Add typing to `synapse.federation.sender` and port to async/await.
diff --git a/synapse/federation/federation_server.py b/synapse/federation/federation_server.py
index 2489832a11..a6c966a393 100644
--- a/synapse/federation/federation_server.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/federation_server.py
@@ -294,7 +294,12 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
         async def _process_edu(edu_dict):
             received_edus_counter.inc()
 
-            edu = Edu(**edu_dict)
+            edu = Edu(
+                origin=origin,
+                destination=self.server_name,
+                edu_type=edu_dict["edu_type"],
+                content=edu_dict["content"],
+            )
             await self.registry.on_edu(edu.edu_type, origin, edu.content)
 
         await concurrently_execute(
diff --git a/synapse/federation/sender/__init__.py b/synapse/federation/sender/__init__.py
index 36c83c3027..233cb33daf 100644
--- a/synapse/federation/sender/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/sender/__init__.py
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 
 import logging
+from typing import Dict, Hashable, Iterable, List, Optional, Set
 
 from six import itervalues
 
@@ -23,6 +24,7 @@ from twisted.internet import defer
 
 import synapse
 import synapse.metrics
+from synapse.events import EventBase
 from synapse.federation.sender.per_destination_queue import PerDestinationQueue
 from synapse.federation.sender.transaction_manager import TransactionManager
 from synapse.federation.units import Edu
@@ -39,6 +41,8 @@ from synapse.metrics import (
     events_processed_counter,
 )
 from synapse.metrics.background_process_metrics import run_as_background_process
+from synapse.storage.presence import UserPresenceState
+from synapse.types import ReadReceipt
 from synapse.util.metrics import Measure, measure_func
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
@@ -68,7 +72,7 @@ class FederationSender(object):
         self._transaction_manager = TransactionManager(hs)
 
         # map from destination to PerDestinationQueue
-        self._per_destination_queues = {}  # type: dict[str, PerDestinationQueue]
+        self._per_destination_queues = {}  # type: Dict[str, PerDestinationQueue]
 
         LaterGauge(
             "synapse_federation_transaction_queue_pending_destinations",
@@ -84,7 +88,7 @@ class FederationSender(object):
         # Map of user_id -> UserPresenceState for all the pending presence
         # to be sent out by user_id. Entries here get processed and put in
         # pending_presence_by_dest
-        self.pending_presence = {}
+        self.pending_presence = {}  # type: Dict[str, UserPresenceState]
 
         LaterGauge(
             "synapse_federation_transaction_queue_pending_pdus",
@@ -116,20 +120,17 @@ class FederationSender(object):
         # and that there is a pending call to _flush_rrs_for_room in the system.
         self._queues_awaiting_rr_flush_by_room = (
             {}
-        )  # type: dict[str, set[PerDestinationQueue]]
+        )  # type: Dict[str, Set[PerDestinationQueue]]
 
         self._rr_txn_interval_per_room_ms = (
-            1000.0 / hs.get_config().federation_rr_transactions_per_room_per_second
+            1000.0 / hs.config.federation_rr_transactions_per_room_per_second
         )
 
-    def _get_per_destination_queue(self, destination):
+    def _get_per_destination_queue(self, destination: str) -> PerDestinationQueue:
         """Get or create a PerDestinationQueue for the given destination
 
         Args:
-            destination (str): server_name of remote server
-
-        Returns:
-            PerDestinationQueue
+            destination: server_name of remote server
         """
         queue = self._per_destination_queues.get(destination)
         if not queue:
@@ -137,7 +138,7 @@ class FederationSender(object):
             self._per_destination_queues[destination] = queue
         return queue
 
-    def notify_new_events(self, current_id):
+    def notify_new_events(self, current_id: int) -> None:
         """This gets called when we have some new events we might want to
         send out to other servers.
         """
@@ -151,13 +152,12 @@ class FederationSender(object):
             "process_event_queue_for_federation", self._process_event_queue_loop
         )
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _process_event_queue_loop(self):
+    async def _process_event_queue_loop(self) -> None:
         try:
             self._is_processing = True
             while True:
-                last_token = yield self.store.get_federation_out_pos("events")
-                next_token, events = yield self.store.get_all_new_events_stream(
+                last_token = await self.store.get_federation_out_pos("events")
+                next_token, events = await self.store.get_all_new_events_stream(
                     last_token, self._last_poked_id, limit=100
                 )
 
@@ -166,8 +166,7 @@ class FederationSender(object):
                 if not events and next_token >= self._last_poked_id:
                     break
 
-                @defer.inlineCallbacks
-                def handle_event(event):
+                async def handle_event(event: EventBase) -> None:
                     # Only send events for this server.
                     send_on_behalf_of = event.internal_metadata.get_send_on_behalf_of()
                     is_mine = self.is_mine_id(event.sender)
@@ -184,7 +183,7 @@ class FederationSender(object):
                         # Otherwise if the last member on a server in a room is
                         # banned then it won't receive the event because it won't
                         # be in the room after the ban.
-                        destinations = yield self.state.get_hosts_in_room_at_events(
+                        destinations = await self.state.get_hosts_in_room_at_events(
                             event.room_id, event_ids=event.prev_event_ids()
                         )
                     except Exception:
@@ -206,17 +205,16 @@ class FederationSender(object):
 
                     self._send_pdu(event, destinations)
 
-                @defer.inlineCallbacks
-                def handle_room_events(events):
+                async def handle_room_events(events: Iterable[EventBase]) -> None:
                     with Measure(self.clock, "handle_room_events"):
                         for event in events:
-                            yield handle_event(event)
+                            await handle_event(event)
 
-                events_by_room = {}
+                events_by_room = {}  # type: Dict[str, List[EventBase]]
                 for event in events:
                     events_by_room.setdefault(event.room_id, []).append(event)
 
-                yield make_deferred_yieldable(
+                await make_deferred_yieldable(
                     defer.gatherResults(
                         [
                             run_in_background(handle_room_events, evs)
@@ -226,11 +224,11 @@ class FederationSender(object):
                     )
                 )
 
-                yield self.store.update_federation_out_pos("events", next_token)
+                await self.store.update_federation_out_pos("events", next_token)
 
                 if events:
                     now = self.clock.time_msec()
-                    ts = yield self.store.get_received_ts(events[-1].event_id)
+                    ts = await self.store.get_received_ts(events[-1].event_id)
 
                     synapse.metrics.event_processing_lag.labels(
                         "federation_sender"
@@ -254,7 +252,7 @@ class FederationSender(object):
         finally:
             self._is_processing = False
 
-    def _send_pdu(self, pdu, destinations):
+    def _send_pdu(self, pdu: EventBase, destinations: Iterable[str]) -> None:
         # We loop through all destinations to see whether we already have
         # a transaction in progress. If we do, stick it in the pending_pdus
         # table and we'll get back to it later.
@@ -276,11 +274,11 @@ class FederationSender(object):
             self._get_per_destination_queue(destination).send_pdu(pdu, order)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def send_read_receipt(self, receipt):
+    def send_read_receipt(self, receipt: ReadReceipt):
         """Send a RR to any other servers in the room
 
         Args:
-            receipt (synapse.types.ReadReceipt): receipt to be sent
+            receipt: receipt to be sent
         """
 
         # Some background on the rate-limiting going on here.
@@ -343,7 +341,7 @@ class FederationSender(object):
             else:
                 queue.flush_read_receipts_for_room(room_id)
 
-    def _schedule_rr_flush_for_room(self, room_id, n_domains):
+    def _schedule_rr_flush_for_room(self, room_id: str, n_domains: int) -> None:
         # that is going to cause approximately len(domains) transactions, so now back
         # off for that multiplied by RR_TXN_INTERVAL_PER_ROOM
         backoff_ms = self._rr_txn_interval_per_room_ms * n_domains
@@ -352,7 +350,7 @@ class FederationSender(object):
         self.clock.call_later(backoff_ms, self._flush_rrs_for_room, room_id)
         self._queues_awaiting_rr_flush_by_room[room_id] = set()
 
-    def _flush_rrs_for_room(self, room_id):
+    def _flush_rrs_for_room(self, room_id: str) -> None:
         queues = self._queues_awaiting_rr_flush_by_room.pop(room_id)
         logger.debug("Flushing RRs in %s to %s", room_id, queues)
 
@@ -368,14 +366,11 @@ class FederationSender(object):
 
     @preserve_fn  # the caller should not yield on this
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def send_presence(self, states):
+    def send_presence(self, states: List[UserPresenceState]):
         """Send the new presence states to the appropriate destinations.
 
         This actually queues up the presence states ready for sending and
         triggers a background task to process them and send out the transactions.
-
-        Args:
-            states (list(UserPresenceState))
         """
         if not self.hs.config.use_presence:
             # No-op if presence is disabled.
@@ -412,11 +407,10 @@ class FederationSender(object):
         finally:
             self._processing_pending_presence = False
 
-    def send_presence_to_destinations(self, states, destinations):
+    def send_presence_to_destinations(
+        self, states: List[UserPresenceState], destinations: List[str]
+    ) -> None:
         """Send the given presence states to the given destinations.
-
-        Args:
-            states (list[UserPresenceState])
             destinations (list[str])
         """
 
@@ -431,12 +425,9 @@ class FederationSender(object):
 
     @measure_func("txnqueue._process_presence")
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _process_presence_inner(self, states):
+    def _process_presence_inner(self, states: List[UserPresenceState]):
         """Given a list of states populate self.pending_presence_by_dest and
         poke to send a new transaction to each destination
-
-        Args:
-            states (list(UserPresenceState))
         """
         hosts_and_states = yield get_interested_remotes(self.store, states, self.state)
 
@@ -446,14 +437,20 @@ class FederationSender(object):
                     continue
                 self._get_per_destination_queue(destination).send_presence(states)
 
-    def build_and_send_edu(self, destination, edu_type, content, key=None):
+    def build_and_send_edu(
+        self,
+        destination: str,
+        edu_type: str,
+        content: dict,
+        key: Optional[Hashable] = None,
+    ):
         """Construct an Edu object, and queue it for sending
 
         Args:
-            destination (str): name of server to send to
-            edu_type (str): type of EDU to send
-            content (dict): content of EDU
-            key (Any|None): clobbering key for this edu
+            destination: name of server to send to
+            edu_type: type of EDU to send
+            content: content of EDU
+            key: clobbering key for this edu
         """
         if destination == self.server_name:
             logger.info("Not sending EDU to ourselves")
@@ -468,12 +465,12 @@ class FederationSender(object):
 
         self.send_edu(edu, key)
 
-    def send_edu(self, edu, key):
+    def send_edu(self, edu: Edu, key: Optional[Hashable]):
         """Queue an EDU for sending
 
         Args:
-            edu (Edu): edu to send
-            key (Any|None): clobbering key for this edu
+            edu: edu to send
+            key: clobbering key for this edu
         """
         queue = self._get_per_destination_queue(edu.destination)
         if key:
@@ -481,7 +478,7 @@ class FederationSender(object):
         else:
             queue.send_edu(edu)
 
-    def send_device_messages(self, destination):
+    def send_device_messages(self, destination: str):
         if destination == self.server_name:
             logger.warning("Not sending device update to ourselves")
             return
@@ -501,5 +498,5 @@ class FederationSender(object):
 
         self._get_per_destination_queue(destination).attempt_new_transaction()
 
-    def get_current_token(self):
+    def get_current_token(self) -> int:
         return 0
diff --git a/synapse/federation/sender/per_destination_queue.py b/synapse/federation/sender/per_destination_queue.py
index 5012aaea35..e13cd20ffa 100644
--- a/synapse/federation/sender/per_destination_queue.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/sender/per_destination_queue.py
@@ -15,11 +15,11 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 import datetime
 import logging
+from typing import Dict, Hashable, Iterable, List, Tuple
 
 from prometheus_client import Counter
 
-from twisted.internet import defer
-
+import synapse.server
 from synapse.api.errors import (
     FederationDeniedError,
     HttpResponseException,
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ from synapse.handlers.presence import format_user_presence_state
 from synapse.metrics import sent_transactions_counter
 from synapse.metrics.background_process_metrics import run_as_background_process
 from synapse.storage.presence import UserPresenceState
-from synapse.types import StateMap
+from synapse.types import ReadReceipt
 from synapse.util.retryutils import NotRetryingDestination, get_retry_limiter
 
 # This is defined in the Matrix spec and enforced by the receiver.
@@ -56,13 +56,18 @@ class PerDestinationQueue(object):
     Manages the per-destination transmission queues.
 
     Args:
-        hs (synapse.HomeServer):
-        transaction_sender (TransactionManager):
-        destination (str): the server_name of the destination that we are managing
+        hs
+        transaction_sender
+        destination: the server_name of the destination that we are managing
             transmission for.
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, hs, transaction_manager, destination):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        hs: "synapse.server.HomeServer",
+        transaction_manager: "synapse.federation.sender.TransactionManager",
+        destination: str,
+    ):
         self._server_name = hs.hostname
         self._clock = hs.get_clock()
         self._store = hs.get_datastore()
@@ -72,20 +77,20 @@ class PerDestinationQueue(object):
         self.transmission_loop_running = False
 
         # a list of tuples of (pending pdu, order)
-        self._pending_pdus = []  # type: list[tuple[EventBase, int]]
-        self._pending_edus = []  # type: list[Edu]
+        self._pending_pdus = []  # type: List[Tuple[EventBase, int]]
+        self._pending_edus = []  # type: List[Edu]
 
         # Pending EDUs by their "key". Keyed EDUs are EDUs that get clobbered
         # based on their key (e.g. typing events by room_id)
         # Map of (edu_type, key) -> Edu
-        self._pending_edus_keyed = {}  # type: StateMap[Edu]
+        self._pending_edus_keyed = {}  # type: Dict[Tuple[str, Hashable], Edu]
 
         # Map of user_id -> UserPresenceState of pending presence to be sent to this
         # destination
-        self._pending_presence = {}  # type: dict[str, UserPresenceState]
+        self._pending_presence = {}  # type: Dict[str, UserPresenceState]
 
         # room_id -> receipt_type -> user_id -> receipt_dict
-        self._pending_rrs = {}
+        self._pending_rrs = {}  # type: Dict[str, Dict[str, Dict[str, dict]]]
         self._rrs_pending_flush = False
 
         # stream_id of last successfully sent to-device message.
@@ -95,50 +100,50 @@ class PerDestinationQueue(object):
         # stream_id of last successfully sent device list update.
         self._last_device_list_stream_id = 0
 
-    def __str__(self):
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
         return "PerDestinationQueue[%s]" % self._destination
 
-    def pending_pdu_count(self):
+    def pending_pdu_count(self) -> int:
         return len(self._pending_pdus)
 
-    def pending_edu_count(self):
+    def pending_edu_count(self) -> int:
         return (
             len(self._pending_edus)
             + len(self._pending_presence)
             + len(self._pending_edus_keyed)
         )
 
-    def send_pdu(self, pdu, order):
+    def send_pdu(self, pdu: EventBase, order: int) -> None:
         """Add a PDU to the queue, and start the transmission loop if neccessary
 
         Args:
-            pdu (EventBase): pdu to send
-            order (int):
+            pdu: pdu to send
+            order
         """
         self._pending_pdus.append((pdu, order))
         self.attempt_new_transaction()
 
-    def send_presence(self, states):
+    def send_presence(self, states: Iterable[UserPresenceState]) -> None:
         """Add presence updates to the queue. Start the transmission loop if neccessary.
 
         Args:
-            states (iterable[UserPresenceState]): presence to send
+            states: presence to send
         """
         self._pending_presence.update({state.user_id: state for state in states})
         self.attempt_new_transaction()
 
-    def queue_read_receipt(self, receipt):
+    def queue_read_receipt(self, receipt: ReadReceipt) -> None:
         """Add a RR to the list to be sent. Doesn't start the transmission loop yet
         (see flush_read_receipts_for_room)
 
         Args:
-            receipt (synapse.api.receipt_info.ReceiptInfo): receipt to be queued
+            receipt: receipt to be queued
         """
         self._pending_rrs.setdefault(receipt.room_id, {}).setdefault(
             receipt.receipt_type, {}
         )[receipt.user_id] = {"event_ids": receipt.event_ids, "data": receipt.data}
 
-    def flush_read_receipts_for_room(self, room_id):
+    def flush_read_receipts_for_room(self, room_id: str) -> None:
         # if we don't have any read-receipts for this room, it may be that we've already
         # sent them out, so we don't need to flush.
         if room_id not in self._pending_rrs:
@@ -146,15 +151,15 @@ class PerDestinationQueue(object):
         self._rrs_pending_flush = True
         self.attempt_new_transaction()
 
-    def send_keyed_edu(self, edu, key):
+    def send_keyed_edu(self, edu: Edu, key: Hashable) -> None:
         self._pending_edus_keyed[(edu.edu_type, key)] = edu
         self.attempt_new_transaction()
 
-    def send_edu(self, edu):
+    def send_edu(self, edu) -> None:
         self._pending_edus.append(edu)
         self.attempt_new_transaction()
 
-    def attempt_new_transaction(self):
+    def attempt_new_transaction(self) -> None:
         """Try to start a new transaction to this destination
 
         If there is already a transaction in progress to this destination,
@@ -177,23 +182,22 @@ class PerDestinationQueue(object):
             self._transaction_transmission_loop,
         )
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _transaction_transmission_loop(self):
-        pending_pdus = []
+    async def _transaction_transmission_loop(self) -> None:
+        pending_pdus = []  # type: List[Tuple[EventBase, int]]
         try:
             self.transmission_loop_running = True
 
             # This will throw if we wouldn't retry. We do this here so we fail
             # quickly, but we will later check this again in the http client,
             # hence why we throw the result away.
-            yield get_retry_limiter(self._destination, self._clock, self._store)
+            await get_retry_limiter(self._destination, self._clock, self._store)
 
             pending_pdus = []
             while True:
                 # We have to keep 2 free slots for presence and rr_edus
                 limit = MAX_EDUS_PER_TRANSACTION - 2
 
-                device_update_edus, dev_list_id = yield self._get_device_update_edus(
+                device_update_edus, dev_list_id = await self._get_device_update_edus(
                     limit
                 )
 
@@ -202,7 +206,7 @@ class PerDestinationQueue(object):
                 (
                     to_device_edus,
                     device_stream_id,
-                ) = yield self._get_to_device_message_edus(limit)
+                ) = await self._get_to_device_message_edus(limit)
 
                 pending_edus = device_update_edus + to_device_edus
 
@@ -269,7 +273,7 @@ class PerDestinationQueue(object):
 
                 # END CRITICAL SECTION
 
-                success = yield self._transaction_manager.send_new_transaction(
+                success = await self._transaction_manager.send_new_transaction(
                     self._destination, pending_pdus, pending_edus
                 )
                 if success:
@@ -280,7 +284,7 @@ class PerDestinationQueue(object):
                     # Remove the acknowledged device messages from the database
                     # Only bother if we actually sent some device messages
                     if to_device_edus:
-                        yield self._store.delete_device_msgs_for_remote(
+                        await self._store.delete_device_msgs_for_remote(
                             self._destination, device_stream_id
                         )
 
@@ -289,7 +293,7 @@ class PerDestinationQueue(object):
                         logger.info(
                             "Marking as sent %r %r", self._destination, dev_list_id
                         )
-                        yield self._store.mark_as_sent_devices_by_remote(
+                        await self._store.mark_as_sent_devices_by_remote(
                             self._destination, dev_list_id
                         )
 
@@ -334,7 +338,7 @@ class PerDestinationQueue(object):
             # We want to be *very* sure we clear this after we stop processing
             self.transmission_loop_running = False
 
-    def _get_rr_edus(self, force_flush):
+    def _get_rr_edus(self, force_flush: bool) -> Iterable[Edu]:
         if not self._pending_rrs:
             return
         if not force_flush and not self._rrs_pending_flush:
@@ -351,17 +355,16 @@ class PerDestinationQueue(object):
         self._rrs_pending_flush = False
         yield edu
 
-    def _pop_pending_edus(self, limit):
+    def _pop_pending_edus(self, limit: int) -> List[Edu]:
         pending_edus = self._pending_edus
         pending_edus, self._pending_edus = pending_edus[:limit], pending_edus[limit:]
         return pending_edus
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _get_device_update_edus(self, limit):
+    async def _get_device_update_edus(self, limit: int) -> Tuple[List[Edu], int]:
         last_device_list = self._last_device_list_stream_id
 
         # Retrieve list of new device updates to send to the destination
-        now_stream_id, results = yield self._store.get_device_updates_by_remote(
+        now_stream_id, results = await self._store.get_device_updates_by_remote(
             self._destination, last_device_list, limit=limit
         )
         edus = [
@@ -378,11 +381,10 @@ class PerDestinationQueue(object):
 
         return (edus, now_stream_id)
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _get_to_device_message_edus(self, limit):
+    async def _get_to_device_message_edus(self, limit: int) -> Tuple[List[Edu], int]:
         last_device_stream_id = self._last_device_stream_id
         to_device_stream_id = self._store.get_to_device_stream_token()
-        contents, stream_id = yield self._store.get_new_device_msgs_for_remote(
+        contents, stream_id = await self._store.get_new_device_msgs_for_remote(
             self._destination, last_device_stream_id, to_device_stream_id, limit
         )
         edus = [
diff --git a/synapse/federation/sender/transaction_manager.py b/synapse/federation/sender/transaction_manager.py
index 5fed626d5b..3c2a02a3b3 100644
--- a/synapse/federation/sender/transaction_manager.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/sender/transaction_manager.py
@@ -13,14 +13,15 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 import logging
+from typing import List
 
 from canonicaljson import json
 
-from twisted.internet import defer
-
+import synapse.server
 from synapse.api.errors import HttpResponseException
+from synapse.events import EventBase
 from synapse.federation.persistence import TransactionActions
-from synapse.federation.units import Transaction
+from synapse.federation.units import Edu, Transaction
 from synapse.logging.opentracing import (
     extract_text_map,
     set_tag,
@@ -39,7 +40,7 @@ class TransactionManager(object):
     shared between PerDestinationQueue objects
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, hs):
+    def __init__(self, hs: "synapse.server.HomeServer"):
         self._server_name = hs.hostname
         self.clock = hs.get_clock()  # nb must be called this for @measure_func
         self._store = hs.get_datastore()
@@ -50,8 +51,9 @@ class TransactionManager(object):
         self._next_txn_id = int(self.clock.time_msec())
 
     @measure_func("_send_new_transaction")
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def send_new_transaction(self, destination, pending_pdus, pending_edus):
+    async def send_new_transaction(
+        self, destination: str, pending_pdus: List[EventBase], pending_edus: List[Edu]
+    ):
 
         # Make a transaction-sending opentracing span. This span follows on from
         # all the edus in that transaction. This needs to be done since there is
@@ -127,7 +129,7 @@ class TransactionManager(object):
                 return data
 
             try:
-                response = yield self._transport_layer.send_transaction(
+                response = await self._transport_layer.send_transaction(
                     transaction, json_data_cb
                 )
                 code = 200
diff --git a/synapse/federation/units.py b/synapse/federation/units.py
index b4d743cde7..6b32e0dcbf 100644
--- a/synapse/federation/units.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/units.py
@@ -19,11 +19,15 @@ server protocol.
 
 import logging
 
+import attr
+
+from synapse.types import JsonDict
 from synapse.util.jsonobject import JsonEncodedObject
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
+@attr.s(slots=True)
 class Edu(JsonEncodedObject):
     """ An Edu represents a piece of data sent from one homeserver to another.
 
@@ -32,11 +36,24 @@ class Edu(JsonEncodedObject):
     internal ID or previous references graph.
     """
 
-    valid_keys = ["origin", "destination", "edu_type", "content"]
+    edu_type = attr.ib(type=str)
+    content = attr.ib(type=dict)
+    origin = attr.ib(type=str)
+    destination = attr.ib(type=str)
 
-    required_keys = ["edu_type"]
+    def get_dict(self) -> JsonDict:
+        return {
+            "edu_type": self.edu_type,
+            "content": self.content,
+        }
 
-    internal_keys = ["origin", "destination"]
+    def get_internal_dict(self) -> JsonDict:
+        return {
+            "edu_type": self.edu_type,
+            "content": self.content,
+            "origin": self.origin,
+            "destination": self.destination,
+        }
 
     def get_context(self):
         return getattr(self, "content", {}).get("org.matrix.opentracing_context", "{}")
diff --git a/synapse/server.pyi b/synapse/server.pyi
index 90347ac23e..40eabfe5d9 100644
--- a/synapse/server.pyi
+++ b/synapse/server.pyi
@@ -107,3 +107,5 @@ class HomeServer(object):
         self,
     ) -> synapse.replication.tcp.client.ReplicationClientHandler:
         pass
+    def is_mine_id(self, domain_id: str) -> bool:
+        pass
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_typing.py b/tests/handlers/test_typing.py
index 68b9847bd2..2767b0497a 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_typing.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_typing.py
@@ -111,7 +111,9 @@ class TypingNotificationsTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
             retry_timings_res
         )
 
-        self.datastore.get_device_updates_by_remote.return_value = (0, [])
+        self.datastore.get_device_updates_by_remote.return_value = defer.succeed(
+            (0, [])
+        )
 
         def get_received_txn_response(*args):
             return defer.succeed(None)
@@ -144,7 +146,9 @@ class TypingNotificationsTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         self.datastore.get_current_state_deltas.return_value = (0, None)
 
         self.datastore.get_to_device_stream_token = lambda: 0
-        self.datastore.get_new_device_msgs_for_remote = lambda *args, **kargs: ([], 0)
+        self.datastore.get_new_device_msgs_for_remote = lambda *args, **kargs: defer.succeed(
+            ([], 0)
+        )
         self.datastore.delete_device_msgs_for_remote = lambda *args, **kargs: None
         self.datastore.set_received_txn_response = lambda *args, **kwargs: defer.succeed(
             None
diff --git a/tox.ini b/tox.ini
index ef22368cf1..f8229eba88 100644
--- a/tox.ini
+++ b/tox.ini
@@ -179,6 +179,7 @@ extras = all
 commands = mypy \
             synapse/api \
             synapse/config/ \
+            synapse/federation/sender \
             synapse/federation/transport \
             synapse/handlers/sync.py \
             synapse/handlers/ui_auth \
-- 
cgit 1.5.1


From a92e703ab9d78aecc062e797f941bb7e206650a5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Patrick Cloke <clokep@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 10 Feb 2020 16:35:26 -0500
Subject: Reject device display names that are too long (#6882)

* Reject device display names that are too long.

Too long is currently defined as 100 characters in length.

* Add a regression test for rejecting a too long device display name.
---
 changelog.d/6882.misc         |  1 +
 synapse/handlers/device.py    | 14 +++++++++++++-
 tests/handlers/test_device.py | 18 ++++++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 32 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
 create mode 100644 changelog.d/6882.misc

(limited to 'tests/handlers')

diff --git a/changelog.d/6882.misc b/changelog.d/6882.misc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e8382e36ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/6882.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Reject device display names over 100 characters in length.
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/device.py b/synapse/handlers/device.py
index 6d8e48ed39..50cea3f378 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/device.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/device.py
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ from synapse.api.errors import (
     FederationDeniedError,
     HttpResponseException,
     RequestSendFailed,
+    SynapseError,
 )
 from synapse.logging.opentracing import log_kv, set_tag, trace
 from synapse.types import RoomStreamToken, get_domain_from_id
@@ -39,6 +40,8 @@ from ._base import BaseHandler
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
+MAX_DEVICE_DISPLAY_NAME_LEN = 100
+
 
 class DeviceWorkerHandler(BaseHandler):
     def __init__(self, hs):
@@ -404,9 +407,18 @@ class DeviceHandler(DeviceWorkerHandler):
             defer.Deferred:
         """
 
+        # Reject a new displayname which is too long.
+        new_display_name = content.get("display_name")
+        if new_display_name and len(new_display_name) > MAX_DEVICE_DISPLAY_NAME_LEN:
+            raise SynapseError(
+                400,
+                "Device display name is too long (max %i)"
+                % (MAX_DEVICE_DISPLAY_NAME_LEN,),
+            )
+
         try:
             yield self.store.update_device(
-                user_id, device_id, new_display_name=content.get("display_name")
+                user_id, device_id, new_display_name=new_display_name
             )
             yield self.notify_device_update(user_id, [device_id])
         except errors.StoreError as e:
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_device.py b/tests/handlers/test_device.py
index a3aa0a1cf2..62b47f6574 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_device.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_device.py
@@ -160,6 +160,24 @@ class DeviceTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         res = self.get_success(self.handler.get_device(user1, "abc"))
         self.assertEqual(res["display_name"], "new display")
 
+    def test_update_device_too_long_display_name(self):
+        """Update a device with a display name that is invalid (too long)."""
+        self._record_users()
+
+        # Request to update a device display name with a new value that is longer than allowed.
+        update = {
+            "display_name": "a"
+            * (synapse.handlers.device.MAX_DEVICE_DISPLAY_NAME_LEN + 1)
+        }
+        self.get_failure(
+            self.handler.update_device(user1, "abc", update),
+            synapse.api.errors.SynapseError,
+        )
+
+        # Ensure the display name was not updated.
+        res = self.get_success(self.handler.get_device(user1, "abc"))
+        self.assertEqual(res["display_name"], "display 2")
+
     def test_update_unknown_device(self):
         update = {"display_name": "new_display"}
         res = self.handler.update_device("user_id", "unknown_device_id", update)
-- 
cgit 1.5.1


From 0295abdcf70548a7ba9d685598233f34c50127b5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Andrew Morgan <andrew@amorgan.xyz>
Date: Tue, 11 Feb 2020 16:18:29 +0000
Subject: Dinsic Blacking with black==18.6b2

---
 synapse/__init__.py                                |   1 +
 synapse/_scripts/register_new_matrix_user.py       |  24 +-
 synapse/api/auth.py                                | 158 ++--
 synapse/api/constants.py                           |   6 +-
 synapse/api/errors.py                              | 118 ++-
 synapse/api/filtering.py                           | 189 ++---
 synapse/api/ratelimiting.py                        |  16 +-
 synapse/api/room_versions.py                       |  25 +-
 synapse/api/urls.py                                |  17 +-
 synapse/app/__init__.py                            |   4 +-
 synapse/app/_base.py                               |  77 +-
 synapse/app/appservice.py                          |  29 +-
 synapse/app/client_reader.py                       |  29 +-
 synapse/app/event_creator.py                       |  39 +-
 synapse/app/federation_reader.py                   |  38 +-
 synapse/app/federation_sender.py                   |  46 +-
 synapse/app/frontend_proxy.py                      |  69 +-
 synapse/app/homeserver.py                          | 160 ++--
 synapse/app/media_repository.py                    |  37 +-
 synapse/app/pusher.py                              |  60 +-
 synapse/app/synchrotron.py                         |  90 ++-
 synapse/app/user_dir.py                            |  45 +-
 synapse/appservice/__init__.py                     |  39 +-
 synapse/appservice/api.py                          |  66 +-
 synapse/appservice/scheduler.py                    |  50 +-
 synapse/config/_base.py                            |  12 +-
 synapse/config/api.py                              |  22 +-
 synapse/config/appservice.py                       |  54 +-
 synapse/config/captcha.py                          |   1 -
 synapse/config/consent_config.py                   |  27 +-
 synapse/config/database.py                         |  31 +-
 synapse/config/emailconfig.py                      |  71 +-
 synapse/config/jwt_config.py                       |   5 +-
 synapse/config/key.py                              |   5 +-
 synapse/config/logger.py                           |  70 +-
 synapse/config/metrics.py                          |   8 +-
 synapse/config/password_auth_providers.py          |  16 +-
 synapse/config/registration.py                     |  47 +-
 synapse/config/repository.py                       |  74 +-
 synapse/config/room_directory.py                   |  19 +-
 synapse/config/saml2_config.py                     |  18 +-
 synapse/config/server.py                           | 263 +++---
 synapse/config/server_notices_config.py            |  17 +-
 synapse/config/tls.py                              |  50 +-
 synapse/config/user_directory.py                   |  12 +-
 synapse/config/voip.py                             |   3 +-
 synapse/config/workers.py                          |  16 +-
 synapse/crypto/event_signing.py                    |  17 +-
 synapse/crypto/keyring.py                          |  19 +-
 synapse/event_auth.py                              | 177 ++--
 synapse/events/__init__.py                         |  30 +-
 synapse/events/builder.py                          |  37 +-
 synapse/events/snapshot.py                         |  49 +-
 synapse/events/spamcheck.py                        |  24 +-
 synapse/events/third_party_rules.py                |   5 +-
 synapse/events/utils.py                            |  58 +-
 synapse/events/validator.py                        |  21 +-
 synapse/federation/federation_base.py              |  78 +-
 synapse/federation/federation_client.py            | 217 +++--
 synapse/federation/federation_server.py            | 234 +++---
 synapse/federation/persistence.py                  |  15 +-
 synapse/federation/send_queue.py                   | 145 ++--
 synapse/federation/sender/__init__.py              |  65 +-
 synapse/federation/sender/per_destination_queue.py |   7 +-
 synapse/federation/sender/transaction_manager.py   |  38 +-
 synapse/federation/transport/client.py             | 294 ++++---
 synapse/federation/transport/server.py             | 237 +++---
 synapse/federation/units.py                        |  33 +-
 synapse/groups/attestations.py                     |  35 +-
 synapse/groups/groups_server.py                    | 317 +++-----
 synapse/handlers/_base.py                          |  10 +-
 synapse/handlers/account_data.py                   |  23 +-
 synapse/handlers/account_validity.py               |  75 +-
 synapse/handlers/acme.py                           |  14 +-
 synapse/handlers/admin.py                          |  23 +-
 synapse/handlers/appservice.py                     |  74 +-
 synapse/handlers/auth.py                           | 266 +++---
 synapse/handlers/deactivate_account.py             |  12 +-
 synapse/handlers/device.py                         | 116 ++-
 synapse/handlers/devicemessage.py                  |   7 +-
 synapse/handlers/directory.py                      | 136 ++--
 synapse/handlers/e2e_keys.py                       | 119 ++-
 synapse/handlers/e2e_room_keys.py                  |  38 +-
 synapse/handlers/events.py                         |  49 +-
 synapse/handlers/federation.py                     | 887 +++++++++------------
 synapse/handlers/groups_local.py                   |  95 +--
 synapse/handlers/identity.py                       | 165 ++--
 synapse/handlers/initial_sync.py                   | 170 ++--
 synapse/handlers/message.py                        | 256 +++---
 synapse/handlers/pagination.py                     |  81 +-
 synapse/handlers/password_policy.py                |  16 +-
 synapse/handlers/presence.py                       | 311 ++++----
 synapse/handlers/profile.py                        | 112 ++-
 synapse/handlers/read_marker.py                    |   9 +-
 synapse/handlers/receipts.py                       |  26 +-
 synapse/handlers/register.py                       | 267 +++----
 synapse/handlers/room.py                           | 310 +++----
 synapse/handlers/room_list.py                      | 254 +++---
 synapse/handlers/room_member.py                    | 329 +++-----
 synapse/handlers/room_member_worker.py             |   8 +-
 synapse/handlers/search.py                         | 129 ++-
 synapse/handlers/set_password.py                   |   5 +-
 synapse/handlers/state_deltas.py                   |   1 -
 synapse/handlers/stats.py                          |   2 +-
 synapse/handlers/sync.py                           | 694 ++++++++--------
 synapse/handlers/typing.py                         |  74 +-
 synapse/http/__init__.py                           |   9 +-
 synapse/http/additional_resource.py                |   1 +
 synapse/http/client.py                             |  28 +-
 synapse/http/endpoint.py                           |  20 +-
 synapse/http/federation/matrix_federation_agent.py |  98 ++-
 synapse/http/federation/srv_resolver.py            |  37 +-
 synapse/http/matrixfederationclient.py             | 242 +++---
 synapse/http/server.py                             |  80 +-
 synapse/http/servlet.py                            |  45 +-
 synapse/http/site.py                               |  48 +-
 synapse/metrics/__init__.py                        |   7 +-
 synapse/metrics/background_process_metrics.py      |  33 +-
 synapse/module_api/__init__.py                     |   6 +-
 synapse/notifier.py                                |  68 +-
 synapse/push/action_generator.py                   |   4 +-
 synapse/push/baserules.py                          | 404 ++++------
 synapse/push/bulk_push_rule_evaluator.py           |  63 +-
 synapse/push/clientformat.py                       |  38 +-
 synapse/push/emailpusher.py                        |  63 +-
 synapse/push/httppusher.py                         | 226 +++---
 synapse/push/mailer.py                             | 343 ++++----
 synapse/push/presentable_names.py                  |  45 +-
 synapse/push/push_rule_evaluator.py                |  57 +-
 synapse/push/push_tools.py                         |   8 +-
 synapse/push/pusher.py                             |  10 +-
 synapse/push/pusherpool.py                         |  97 ++-
 synapse/push/rulekinds.py                          |  10 +-
 synapse/python_dependencies.py                     |  24 +-
 synapse/replication/http/_base.py                  |  22 +-
 synapse/replication/http/federation.py             |  51 +-
 synapse/replication/http/login.py                  |   7 +-
 synapse/replication/http/membership.py             |  34 +-
 synapse/replication/http/register.py               |  17 +-
 synapse/replication/http/send_event.py             |  13 +-
 synapse/replication/slave/storage/_base.py         |   2 +-
 synapse/replication/slave/storage/account_data.py  |  17 +-
 synapse/replication/slave/storage/appservice.py    |   5 +-
 synapse/replication/slave/storage/client_ips.py    |   4 +-
 synapse/replication/slave/storage/deviceinbox.py   |   6 +-
 synapse/replication/slave/storage/devices.py       |  14 +-
 synapse/replication/slave/storage/events.py        |  77 +-
 synapse/replication/slave/storage/groups.py        |   9 +-
 synapse/replication/slave/storage/presence.py      |   8 +-
 synapse/replication/slave/storage/push_rule.py     |   6 +-
 synapse/replication/slave/storage/pushers.py       |   4 +-
 synapse/replication/slave/storage/receipts.py      |   1 -
 synapse/replication/slave/storage/room.py          |   4 +-
 synapse/replication/tcp/client.py                  |   6 +-
 synapse/replication/tcp/commands.py                |  71 +-
 synapse/replication/tcp/protocol.py                |  76 +-
 synapse/replication/tcp/resource.py                |  54 +-
 synapse/replication/tcp/streams/_base.py           | 160 ++--
 synapse/replication/tcp/streams/events.py          |  32 +-
 synapse/replication/tcp/streams/federation.py      |  12 +-
 synapse/rest/__init__.py                           |   1 +
 synapse/rest/admin/__init__.py                     | 153 ++--
 synapse/rest/admin/server_notice_servlet.py        |  13 +-
 synapse/rest/client/transactions.py                |   3 +-
 synapse/rest/client/v1/directory.py                |  31 +-
 synapse/rest/client/v1/events.py                   |   7 +-
 synapse/rest/client/v1/login.py                    | 121 ++-
 synapse/rest/client/v1/logout.py                   |   3 +-
 synapse/rest/client/v1/presence.py                 |   2 +-
 synapse/rest/client/v1/profile.py                  |  25 +-
 synapse/rest/client/v1/push_rule.py                | 119 ++-
 synapse/rest/client/v1/pusher.py                   |  70 +-
 synapse/rest/client/v1/room.py                     | 183 ++---
 synapse/rest/client/v1/voip.py                     |  24 +-
 synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/_base.py              |  12 +-
 synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/account.py            | 213 ++---
 synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/account_data.py       |  18 +-
 synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/account_validity.py   |   8 +-
 synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/auth.py               |  62 +-
 synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/devices.py            |  19 +-
 synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/filter.py             |  11 +-
 synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/groups.py             | 157 ++--
 synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/keys.py               |  27 +-
 synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/notifications.py      |  28 +-
 synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/openid.py             |  22 +-
 synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/read_marker.py        |   4 +-
 synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/receipts.py           |   5 +-
 synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/register.py           | 181 ++---
 synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/relations.py          |   5 +-
 synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/report_event.py       |   4 +-
 synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/room_keys.py          |  54 +-
 .../client/v2_alpha/room_upgrade_rest_servlet.py   |   9 +-
 synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/sendtodevice.py       |   2 +-
 synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/sync.py               | 129 +--
 synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/tags.py               |  14 +-
 synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/thirdparty.py         |   2 +-
 synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/tokenrefresh.py       |   1 +
 synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/user_directory.py     |  27 +-
 synapse/rest/client/versions.py                    |  43 +-
 synapse/rest/consent/consent_resource.py           |  28 +-
 synapse/rest/key/v2/local_key_resource.py          |  14 +-
 synapse/rest/key/v2/remote_key_resource.py         |  56 +-
 synapse/rest/media/v0/content_repository.py        |  15 +-
 synapse/rest/media/v1/_base.py                     |  57 +-
 synapse/rest/media/v1/config_resource.py           |   4 +-
 synapse/rest/media/v1/download_resource.py         |   8 +-
 synapse/rest/media/v1/filepath.py                  | 131 ++-
 synapse/rest/media/v1/media_repository.py          | 215 ++---
 synapse/rest/media/v1/media_storage.py             |  17 +-
 synapse/rest/media/v1/preview_url_resource.py      | 213 +++--
 synapse/rest/media/v1/storage_provider.py          |   6 +-
 synapse/rest/media/v1/thumbnail_resource.py        | 120 ++-
 synapse/rest/media/v1/thumbnailer.py               |  15 +-
 synapse/rest/media/v1/upload_resource.py           |  30 +-
 synapse/rest/saml2/metadata_resource.py            |   2 +-
 synapse/rest/saml2/response_resource.py            |  13 +-
 synapse/rest/well_known.py                         |  11 +-
 synapse/rulecheck/domain_rule_checker.py           |  33 +-
 synapse/secrets.py                                 |   3 +-
 synapse/server.py                                  | 158 ++--
 synapse/server.pyi                                 |  50 +-
 synapse/server_notices/consent_server_notices.py   |  24 +-
 .../resource_limits_server_notices.py              |  33 +-
 synapse/server_notices/server_notices_manager.py   |  30 +-
 synapse/server_notices/server_notices_sender.py    |  13 +-
 .../server_notices/worker_server_notices_sender.py |   1 +
 synapse/state/__init__.py                          | 110 +--
 synapse/state/v1.py                                |  56 +-
 synapse/state/v2.py                                |  92 +--
 synapse/storage/__init__.py                        |  10 +-
 synapse/storage/_base.py                           |  10 +-
 synapse/storage/background_updates.py              |   2 +-
 synapse/storage/devices.py                         |  12 +-
 synapse/storage/e2e_room_keys.py                   |  28 +-
 synapse/storage/engines/sqlite.py                  |   2 +-
 synapse/storage/event_federation.py                |   3 +-
 synapse/storage/event_push_actions.py              |   4 +-
 synapse/storage/events.py                          |  12 +-
 synapse/storage/events_bg_updates.py               |  16 +-
 synapse/storage/events_worker.py                   |  14 +-
 synapse/storage/group_server.py                    |   8 +-
 synapse/storage/keys.py                            |   2 +-
 synapse/storage/media_repository.py                |  22 +-
 synapse/storage/monthly_active_users.py            |   6 +-
 synapse/storage/prepare_database.py                |  13 +-
 synapse/storage/profile.py                         |  46 +-
 synapse/storage/push_rule.py                       |  30 +-
 synapse/storage/pusher.py                          |  36 +-
 synapse/storage/receipts.py                        |   2 +-
 synapse/storage/registration.py                    | 112 ++-
 synapse/storage/relations.py                       |   6 +-
 synapse/storage/room.py                            |  56 +-
 synapse/storage/roommember.py                      |   8 +-
 synapse/storage/schema/delta/20/pushers.py         |  22 +-
 synapse/storage/schema/delta/30/as_users.py        |  17 +-
 synapse/storage/schema/delta/31/pushers.py         |  24 +-
 synapse/storage/schema/delta/33/remote_media_ts.py |   2 +-
 synapse/storage/schema/delta/47/state_group_seq.py |   5 +-
 .../schema/delta/48/group_unique_indexes.py        |  14 +-
 .../schema/delta/50/make_event_content_nullable.py |  12 +-
 synapse/storage/search.py                          |   6 +-
 synapse/storage/stats.py                           |  34 +-
 synapse/storage/stream.py                          |  32 +-
 synapse/streams/config.py                          |  27 +-
 synapse/streams/events.py                          |  43 +-
 synapse/third_party_rules/access_rules.py          |  53 +-
 synapse/types.py                                   | 108 +--
 synapse/util/__init__.py                           |  23 +-
 synapse/util/async_helpers.py                      |  41 +-
 synapse/util/caches/__init__.py                    |   6 +-
 synapse/util/caches/descriptors.py                 | 100 +--
 synapse/util/caches/dictionary_cache.py            |  15 +-
 synapse/util/caches/expiringcache.py               |  18 +-
 synapse/util/caches/lrucache.py                    |  14 +-
 synapse/util/caches/response_cache.py              |  20 +-
 synapse/util/caches/stream_change_cache.py         |  13 +-
 synapse/util/caches/treecache.py                   |   1 +
 synapse/util/caches/ttlcache.py                    |   1 +
 synapse/util/distributor.py                        |  29 +-
 synapse/util/frozenutils.py                        |   9 +-
 synapse/util/httpresourcetree.py                   |   8 +-
 synapse/util/jsonobject.py                         |   6 +-
 synapse/util/logcontext.py                         |  79 +-
 synapse/util/logformatter.py                       |   3 +-
 synapse/util/logutils.py                           |  51 +-
 synapse/util/manhole.py                            |  18 +-
 synapse/util/metrics.py                            |  32 +-
 synapse/util/module_loader.py                      |   6 +-
 synapse/util/msisdn.py                             |   6 +-
 synapse/util/ratelimitutils.py                     |  35 +-
 synapse/util/stringutils.py                        |  14 +-
 synapse/util/threepids.py                          |  25 +-
 synapse/util/versionstring.py                      |  61 +-
 synapse/util/wheel_timer.py                        |   4 +-
 synapse/visibility.py                              |  75 +-
 tests/api/test_auth.py                             |  12 +-
 tests/config/test_server.py                        |   8 +-
 tests/config/test_tls.py                           |   2 +-
 tests/crypto/test_event_signing.py                 |  46 +-
 tests/events/test_utils.py                         |  94 +--
 tests/federation/test_complexity.py                |   2 +-
 tests/federation/test_federation_sender.py         |  48 +-
 tests/handlers/test_auth.py                        |  10 +-
 tests/handlers/test_directory.py                   |   8 +-
 tests/handlers/test_e2e_room_keys.py               |  18 +-
 tests/handlers/test_identity.py                    |  57 +-
 tests/handlers/test_profile.py                     |   6 +-
 tests/handlers/test_register.py                    |  44 +-
 tests/handlers/test_stats.py                       |   5 +-
 tests/handlers/test_typing.py                      |  16 +-
 tests/handlers/test_user_directory.py              |   8 +-
 .../federation/test_matrix_federation_agent.py     | 216 ++---
 tests/http/federation/test_srv_resolver.py         |   2 +-
 tests/http/test_endpoint.py                        |  12 +-
 tests/http/test_fedclient.py                       |  19 +-
 tests/push/test_email.py                           |   6 +-
 tests/rest/admin/test_admin.py                     |  92 +--
 tests/rest/client/test_consent.py                  |  10 +-
 tests/rest/client/test_identity.py                 |  93 +--
 tests/rest/client/test_retention.py                |  89 +--
 tests/rest/client/test_room_access_rules.py        | 206 ++---
 tests/rest/client/v1/test_profile.py               |   7 +-
 tests/rest/client/v1/test_rooms.py                 |  46 +-
 tests/rest/client/v1/utils.py                      |   6 +-
 tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_account.py         |  31 +-
 tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_capabilities.py    |  14 +-
 tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_password_policy.py |  62 +-
 tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_register.py        |  52 +-
 tests/rest/media/v1/test_base.py                   |   4 +-
 tests/rest/media/v1/test_media_storage.py          |   6 +-
 tests/rest/media/v1/test_url_preview.py            |  50 +-
 tests/rulecheck/test_domainrulecheck.py            |  22 +-
 tests/server.py                                    |  16 +-
 .../test_resource_limits_server_notices.py         |   6 +-
 tests/state/test_v2.py                             |  20 +-
 tests/storage/test_appservice.py                   |   4 +-
 tests/storage/test_client_ips.py                   |  20 +-
 tests/storage/test_devices.py                      |  16 +-
 tests/storage/test_end_to_end_keys.py              |   8 +-
 tests/storage/test_event_federation.py             |  14 +-
 tests/storage/test_event_metrics.py                |  36 +-
 tests/storage/test_monthly_active_users.py         |  22 +-
 tests/storage/test_profile.py                      |   9 +-
 tests/storage/test_state.py                        |  16 +-
 tests/test_server.py                               |  12 +-
 tests/test_state.py                                |   6 +-
 tests/test_types.py                                |   4 +-
 tests/test_utils/logging_setup.py                  |   2 +-
 tests/test_visibility.py                           |   2 +-
 tests/unittest.py                                  |  16 +-
 tests/util/caches/test_descriptors.py              |  60 +-
 tests/util/caches/test_ttlcache.py                 |  46 +-
 tests/utils.py                                     |  18 +-
 353 files changed, 8823 insertions(+), 10315 deletions(-)

(limited to 'tests/handlers')

diff --git a/synapse/__init__.py b/synapse/__init__.py
index 0c01546789..119359be68 100644
--- a/synapse/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/__init__.py
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ try:
     from twisted.internet import protocol
     from twisted.internet.protocol import Factory
     from twisted.names.dns import DNSDatagramProtocol
+
     protocol.Factory.noisy = False
     Factory.noisy = False
     DNSDatagramProtocol.noisy = False
diff --git a/synapse/_scripts/register_new_matrix_user.py b/synapse/_scripts/register_new_matrix_user.py
index 6e93f5a0c6..bdcd915bbe 100644
--- a/synapse/_scripts/register_new_matrix_user.py
+++ b/synapse/_scripts/register_new_matrix_user.py
@@ -57,18 +57,18 @@ def request_registration(
 
     nonce = r.json()["nonce"]
 
-    mac = hmac.new(key=shared_secret.encode('utf8'), digestmod=hashlib.sha1)
+    mac = hmac.new(key=shared_secret.encode("utf8"), digestmod=hashlib.sha1)
 
-    mac.update(nonce.encode('utf8'))
+    mac.update(nonce.encode("utf8"))
     mac.update(b"\x00")
-    mac.update(user.encode('utf8'))
+    mac.update(user.encode("utf8"))
     mac.update(b"\x00")
-    mac.update(password.encode('utf8'))
+    mac.update(password.encode("utf8"))
     mac.update(b"\x00")
     mac.update(b"admin" if admin else b"notadmin")
     if user_type:
         mac.update(b"\x00")
-        mac.update(user_type.encode('utf8'))
+        mac.update(user_type.encode("utf8"))
 
     mac = mac.hexdigest()
 
@@ -134,8 +134,9 @@ def register_new_user(user, password, server_location, shared_secret, admin, use
         else:
             admin = False
 
-    request_registration(user, password, server_location, shared_secret,
-                         bool(admin), user_type)
+    request_registration(
+        user, password, server_location, shared_secret, bool(admin), user_type
+    )
 
 
 def main():
@@ -189,7 +190,7 @@ def main():
     group.add_argument(
         "-c",
         "--config",
-        type=argparse.FileType('r'),
+        type=argparse.FileType("r"),
         help="Path to server config file. Used to read in shared secret.",
     )
 
@@ -200,7 +201,7 @@ def main():
     parser.add_argument(
         "server_url",
         default="https://localhost:8448",
-        nargs='?',
+        nargs="?",
         help="URL to use to talk to the home server. Defaults to "
         " 'https://localhost:8448'.",
     )
@@ -220,8 +221,9 @@ def main():
     if args.admin or args.no_admin:
         admin = args.admin
 
-    register_new_user(args.user, args.password, args.server_url, secret,
-                      admin, args.user_type)
+    register_new_user(
+        args.user, args.password, args.server_url, secret, admin, args.user_type
+    )
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
diff --git a/synapse/api/auth.py b/synapse/api/auth.py
index f505f1ac63..bd0c1a1275 100644
--- a/synapse/api/auth.py
+++ b/synapse/api/auth.py
@@ -36,8 +36,11 @@ logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
 AuthEventTypes = (
-    EventTypes.Create, EventTypes.Member, EventTypes.PowerLevels,
-    EventTypes.JoinRules, EventTypes.RoomHistoryVisibility,
+    EventTypes.Create,
+    EventTypes.Member,
+    EventTypes.PowerLevels,
+    EventTypes.JoinRules,
+    EventTypes.RoomHistoryVisibility,
     EventTypes.ThirdPartyInvite,
 )
 
@@ -54,6 +57,7 @@ class Auth(object):
     FIXME: This class contains a mix of functions for authenticating users
     of our client-server API and authenticating events added to room graphs.
     """
+
     def __init__(self, hs):
         self.hs = hs
         self.clock = hs.get_clock()
@@ -70,15 +74,12 @@ class Auth(object):
     def check_from_context(self, room_version, event, context, do_sig_check=True):
         prev_state_ids = yield context.get_prev_state_ids(self.store)
         auth_events_ids = yield self.compute_auth_events(
-            event, prev_state_ids, for_verification=True,
+            event, prev_state_ids, for_verification=True
         )
         auth_events = yield self.store.get_events(auth_events_ids)
-        auth_events = {
-            (e.type, e.state_key): e for e in itervalues(auth_events)
-        }
+        auth_events = {(e.type, e.state_key): e for e in itervalues(auth_events)}
         self.check(
-            room_version, event,
-            auth_events=auth_events, do_sig_check=do_sig_check,
+            room_version, event, auth_events=auth_events, do_sig_check=do_sig_check
         )
 
     def check(self, room_version, event, auth_events, do_sig_check=True):
@@ -115,15 +116,10 @@ class Auth(object):
             the room.
         """
         if current_state:
-            member = current_state.get(
-                (EventTypes.Member, user_id),
-                None
-            )
+            member = current_state.get((EventTypes.Member, user_id), None)
         else:
             member = yield self.state.get_current_state(
-                room_id=room_id,
-                event_type=EventTypes.Member,
-                state_key=user_id
+                room_id=room_id, event_type=EventTypes.Member, state_key=user_id
             )
 
         self._check_joined_room(member, user_id, room_id)
@@ -143,23 +139,17 @@ class Auth(object):
             the room. This will be the leave event if they have left the room.
         """
         member = yield self.state.get_current_state(
-            room_id=room_id,
-            event_type=EventTypes.Member,
-            state_key=user_id
+            room_id=room_id, event_type=EventTypes.Member, state_key=user_id
         )
         membership = member.membership if member else None
 
         if membership not in (Membership.JOIN, Membership.LEAVE):
-            raise AuthError(403, "User %s not in room %s" % (
-                user_id, room_id
-            ))
+            raise AuthError(403, "User %s not in room %s" % (user_id, room_id))
 
         if membership == Membership.LEAVE:
             forgot = yield self.store.did_forget(user_id, room_id)
             if forgot:
-                raise AuthError(403, "User %s not in room %s" % (
-                    user_id, room_id
-                ))
+                raise AuthError(403, "User %s not in room %s" % (user_id, room_id))
 
         defer.returnValue(member)
 
@@ -171,9 +161,9 @@ class Auth(object):
 
     def _check_joined_room(self, member, user_id, room_id):
         if not member or member.membership != Membership.JOIN:
-            raise AuthError(403, "User %s not in room %s (%s)" % (
-                user_id, room_id, repr(member)
-            ))
+            raise AuthError(
+                403, "User %s not in room %s (%s)" % (user_id, room_id, repr(member))
+            )
 
     def can_federate(self, event, auth_events):
         creation_event = auth_events.get((EventTypes.Create, ""))
@@ -185,11 +175,7 @@ class Auth(object):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_user_by_req(
-        self,
-        request,
-        allow_guest=False,
-        rights="access",
-        allow_expired=False,
+        self, request, allow_guest=False, rights="access", allow_expired=False
     ):
         """ Get a registered user's ID.
 
@@ -209,9 +195,8 @@ class Auth(object):
         try:
             ip_addr = self.hs.get_ip_from_request(request)
             user_agent = request.requestHeaders.getRawHeaders(
-                b"User-Agent",
-                default=[b""]
-            )[0].decode('ascii', 'surrogateescape')
+                b"User-Agent", default=[b""]
+            )[0].decode("ascii", "surrogateescape")
 
             access_token = self.get_access_token_from_request(
                 request, self.TOKEN_NOT_FOUND_HTTP_STATUS
@@ -244,11 +229,12 @@ class Auth(object):
             if self._account_validity.enabled and not allow_expired:
                 user_id = user.to_string()
                 expiration_ts = yield self.store.get_expiration_ts_for_user(user_id)
-                if expiration_ts is not None and self.clock.time_msec() >= expiration_ts:
+                if (
+                    expiration_ts is not None
+                    and self.clock.time_msec() >= expiration_ts
+                ):
                     raise AuthError(
-                        403,
-                        "User account has expired",
-                        errcode=Codes.EXPIRED_ACCOUNT,
+                        403, "User account has expired", errcode=Codes.EXPIRED_ACCOUNT
                     )
 
             # device_id may not be present if get_user_by_access_token has been
@@ -266,18 +252,23 @@ class Auth(object):
 
             if is_guest and not allow_guest:
                 raise AuthError(
-                    403, "Guest access not allowed", errcode=Codes.GUEST_ACCESS_FORBIDDEN
+                    403,
+                    "Guest access not allowed",
+                    errcode=Codes.GUEST_ACCESS_FORBIDDEN,
                 )
 
             request.authenticated_entity = user.to_string()
 
-            defer.returnValue(synapse.types.create_requester(
-                user, token_id, is_guest, device_id, app_service=app_service)
+            defer.returnValue(
+                synapse.types.create_requester(
+                    user, token_id, is_guest, device_id, app_service=app_service
+                )
             )
         except KeyError:
             raise AuthError(
-                self.TOKEN_NOT_FOUND_HTTP_STATUS, "Missing access token.",
-                errcode=Codes.MISSING_TOKEN
+                self.TOKEN_NOT_FOUND_HTTP_STATUS,
+                "Missing access token.",
+                errcode=Codes.MISSING_TOKEN,
             )
 
     def _get_appservice_user_id(self, request):
@@ -288,32 +279,29 @@ class Auth(object):
         )
 
         if app_service is None:
-            return(None, None)
+            return (None, None)
 
         if app_service.ip_range_whitelist:
             ip_address = IPAddress(self.hs.get_ip_from_request(request))
             if ip_address not in app_service.ip_range_whitelist:
-                return(None, None)
+                return (None, None)
 
         if b"user_id" not in request.args:
-            return(app_service.sender, app_service)
+            return (app_service.sender, app_service)
 
-        user_id = request.args[b"user_id"][0].decode('utf8')
+        user_id = request.args[b"user_id"][0].decode("utf8")
         if app_service.sender == user_id:
-            return(app_service.sender, app_service)
+            return (app_service.sender, app_service)
 
         if not app_service.is_interested_in_user(user_id):
-            raise AuthError(
-                403,
-                "Application service cannot masquerade as this user."
-            )
+            raise AuthError(403, "Application service cannot masquerade as this user.")
         # Let ASes manipulate nonexistent users (e.g. to shadow-register them)
         # if not (yield self.store.get_user_by_id(user_id)):
         #     raise AuthError(
         #         403,
         #         "Application service has not registered this user"
         #     )
-        return(user_id, app_service)
+        return (user_id, app_service)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_user_by_access_token(self, token, rights="access"):
@@ -370,13 +358,13 @@ class Auth(object):
                     raise AuthError(
                         self.TOKEN_NOT_FOUND_HTTP_STATUS,
                         "Unknown user_id %s" % user_id,
-                        errcode=Codes.UNKNOWN_TOKEN
+                        errcode=Codes.UNKNOWN_TOKEN,
                     )
                 if not stored_user["is_guest"]:
                     raise AuthError(
                         self.TOKEN_NOT_FOUND_HTTP_STATUS,
                         "Guest access token used for regular user",
-                        errcode=Codes.UNKNOWN_TOKEN
+                        errcode=Codes.UNKNOWN_TOKEN,
                     )
                 ret = {
                     "user": user,
@@ -404,8 +392,9 @@ class Auth(object):
         ) as e:
             logger.warning("Invalid macaroon in auth: %s %s", type(e), e)
             raise AuthError(
-                self.TOKEN_NOT_FOUND_HTTP_STATUS, "Invalid macaroon passed.",
-                errcode=Codes.UNKNOWN_TOKEN
+                self.TOKEN_NOT_FOUND_HTTP_STATUS,
+                "Invalid macaroon passed.",
+                errcode=Codes.UNKNOWN_TOKEN,
             )
 
     def _parse_and_validate_macaroon(self, token, rights="access"):
@@ -443,13 +432,13 @@ class Auth(object):
                     guest = True
 
             self.validate_macaroon(
-                macaroon, rights, self.hs.config.expire_access_token,
-                user_id=user_id,
+                macaroon, rights, self.hs.config.expire_access_token, user_id=user_id
             )
         except (pymacaroons.exceptions.MacaroonException, TypeError, ValueError):
             raise AuthError(
-                self.TOKEN_NOT_FOUND_HTTP_STATUS, "Invalid macaroon passed.",
-                errcode=Codes.UNKNOWN_TOKEN
+                self.TOKEN_NOT_FOUND_HTTP_STATUS,
+                "Invalid macaroon passed.",
+                errcode=Codes.UNKNOWN_TOKEN,
             )
 
         if not has_expiry and rights == "access":
@@ -474,10 +463,11 @@ class Auth(object):
         user_prefix = "user_id = "
         for caveat in macaroon.caveats:
             if caveat.caveat_id.startswith(user_prefix):
-                return caveat.caveat_id[len(user_prefix):]
+                return caveat.caveat_id[len(user_prefix) :]
         raise AuthError(
-            self.TOKEN_NOT_FOUND_HTTP_STATUS, "No user caveat in macaroon",
-            errcode=Codes.UNKNOWN_TOKEN
+            self.TOKEN_NOT_FOUND_HTTP_STATUS,
+            "No user caveat in macaroon",
+            errcode=Codes.UNKNOWN_TOKEN,
         )
 
     def validate_macaroon(self, macaroon, type_string, verify_expiry, user_id):
@@ -524,7 +514,7 @@ class Auth(object):
         prefix = "time < "
         if not caveat.startswith(prefix):
             return False
-        expiry = int(caveat[len(prefix):])
+        expiry = int(caveat[len(prefix) :])
         now = self.hs.get_clock().time_msec()
         return now < expiry
 
@@ -574,19 +564,19 @@ class Auth(object):
 
         auth_ids = []
 
-        key = (EventTypes.PowerLevels, "", )
+        key = (EventTypes.PowerLevels, "")
         power_level_event_id = current_state_ids.get(key)
 
         if power_level_event_id:
             auth_ids.append(power_level_event_id)
 
-        key = (EventTypes.JoinRules, "", )
+        key = (EventTypes.JoinRules, "")
         join_rule_event_id = current_state_ids.get(key)
 
-        key = (EventTypes.Member, event.sender, )
+        key = (EventTypes.Member, event.sender)
         member_event_id = current_state_ids.get(key)
 
-        key = (EventTypes.Create, "", )
+        key = (EventTypes.Create, "")
         create_event_id = current_state_ids.get(key)
         if create_event_id:
             auth_ids.append(create_event_id)
@@ -612,7 +602,7 @@ class Auth(object):
                     auth_ids.append(member_event_id)
 
                 if for_verification:
-                    key = (EventTypes.Member, event.state_key, )
+                    key = (EventTypes.Member, event.state_key)
                     existing_event_id = current_state_ids.get(key)
                     if existing_event_id:
                         auth_ids.append(existing_event_id)
@@ -621,7 +611,7 @@ class Auth(object):
                 if "third_party_invite" in event.content:
                     key = (
                         EventTypes.ThirdPartyInvite,
-                        event.content["third_party_invite"]["signed"]["token"]
+                        event.content["third_party_invite"]["signed"]["token"],
                     )
                     third_party_invite_id = current_state_ids.get(key)
                     if third_party_invite_id:
@@ -677,7 +667,7 @@ class Auth(object):
             auth_events[(EventTypes.PowerLevels, "")] = power_level_event
 
         send_level = event_auth.get_send_level(
-            EventTypes.Aliases, "", power_level_event,
+            EventTypes.Aliases, "", power_level_event
         )
         user_level = event_auth.get_user_power_level(user_id, auth_events)
 
@@ -685,7 +675,7 @@ class Auth(object):
             raise AuthError(
                 403,
                 "This server requires you to be a moderator in the room to"
-                " edit its room list entry"
+                " edit its room list entry",
             )
 
     @staticmethod
@@ -735,7 +725,7 @@ class Auth(object):
                 )
             parts = auth_headers[0].split(b" ")
             if parts[0] == b"Bearer" and len(parts) == 2:
-                return parts[1].decode('ascii')
+                return parts[1].decode("ascii")
             else:
                 raise AuthError(
                     token_not_found_http_status,
@@ -748,10 +738,10 @@ class Auth(object):
                 raise AuthError(
                     token_not_found_http_status,
                     "Missing access token.",
-                    errcode=Codes.MISSING_TOKEN
+                    errcode=Codes.MISSING_TOKEN,
                 )
 
-            return query_params[0].decode('ascii')
+            return query_params[0].decode("ascii")
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def check_in_room_or_world_readable(self, room_id, user_id):
@@ -778,8 +768,8 @@ class Auth(object):
                 room_id, EventTypes.RoomHistoryVisibility, ""
             )
             if (
-                visibility and
-                visibility.content["history_visibility"] == "world_readable"
+                visibility
+                and visibility.content["history_visibility"] == "world_readable"
             ):
                 defer.returnValue((Membership.JOIN, None))
                 return
@@ -813,10 +803,11 @@ class Auth(object):
 
         if self.hs.config.hs_disabled:
             raise ResourceLimitError(
-                403, self.hs.config.hs_disabled_message,
+                403,
+                self.hs.config.hs_disabled_message,
                 errcode=Codes.RESOURCE_LIMIT_EXCEEDED,
                 admin_contact=self.hs.config.admin_contact,
-                limit_type=self.hs.config.hs_disabled_limit_type
+                limit_type=self.hs.config.hs_disabled_limit_type,
             )
         if self.hs.config.limit_usage_by_mau is True:
             assert not (user_id and threepid)
@@ -841,8 +832,9 @@ class Auth(object):
             current_mau = yield self.store.get_monthly_active_count()
             if current_mau >= self.hs.config.max_mau_value:
                 raise ResourceLimitError(
-                    403, "Monthly Active User Limit Exceeded",
+                    403,
+                    "Monthly Active User Limit Exceeded",
                     admin_contact=self.hs.config.admin_contact,
                     errcode=Codes.RESOURCE_LIMIT_EXCEEDED,
-                    limit_type="monthly_active_user"
+                    limit_type="monthly_active_user",
                 )
diff --git a/synapse/api/constants.py b/synapse/api/constants.py
index 731c200c8d..74c2087abc 100644
--- a/synapse/api/constants.py
+++ b/synapse/api/constants.py
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 """Contains constants from the specification."""
 
 # the "depth" field on events is limited to 2**63 - 1
-MAX_DEPTH = 2**63 - 1
+MAX_DEPTH = 2 ** 63 - 1
 
 # the maximum length for a room alias is 255 characters
 MAX_ALIAS_LENGTH = 255
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ MAX_USERID_LENGTH = 255
 class Membership(object):
 
     """Represents the membership states of a user in a room."""
+
     INVITE = u"invite"
     JOIN = u"join"
     KNOCK = u"knock"
@@ -40,6 +41,7 @@ class Membership(object):
 
 class PresenceState(object):
     """Represents the presence state of a user."""
+
     OFFLINE = u"offline"
     UNAVAILABLE = u"unavailable"
     ONLINE = u"online"
@@ -121,6 +123,7 @@ class UserTypes(object):
     """Allows for user type specific behaviour. With the benefit of hindsight
     'admin' and 'guest' users should also be UserTypes. Normal users are type None
     """
+
     SUPPORT = "support"
     ALL_USER_TYPES = (SUPPORT,)
 
@@ -128,6 +131,7 @@ class UserTypes(object):
 class RelationTypes(object):
     """The types of relations known to this server.
     """
+
     ANNOTATION = "m.annotation"
     REPLACE = "m.replace"
     REFERENCE = "m.reference"
diff --git a/synapse/api/errors.py b/synapse/api/errors.py
index e46bfdfcb9..214a45636c 100644
--- a/synapse/api/errors.py
+++ b/synapse/api/errors.py
@@ -78,6 +78,7 @@ class CodeMessageException(RuntimeError):
         code (int): HTTP error code
         msg (str): string describing the error
     """
+
     def __init__(self, code, msg):
         super(CodeMessageException, self).__init__("%d: %s" % (code, msg))
         self.code = code
@@ -91,6 +92,7 @@ class SynapseError(CodeMessageException):
     Attributes:
         errcode (str): Matrix error code e.g 'M_FORBIDDEN'
     """
+
     def __init__(self, code, msg, errcode=Codes.UNKNOWN):
         """Constructs a synapse error.
 
@@ -103,10 +105,7 @@ class SynapseError(CodeMessageException):
         self.errcode = errcode
 
     def error_dict(self):
-        return cs_error(
-            self.msg,
-            self.errcode,
-        )
+        return cs_error(self.msg, self.errcode)
 
 
 class ProxiedRequestError(SynapseError):
@@ -115,27 +114,23 @@ class ProxiedRequestError(SynapseError):
     Attributes:
         errcode (str): Matrix error code e.g 'M_FORBIDDEN'
     """
+
     def __init__(self, code, msg, errcode=Codes.UNKNOWN, additional_fields=None):
-        super(ProxiedRequestError, self).__init__(
-            code, msg, errcode
-        )
+        super(ProxiedRequestError, self).__init__(code, msg, errcode)
         if additional_fields is None:
             self._additional_fields = {}
         else:
             self._additional_fields = dict(additional_fields)
 
     def error_dict(self):
-        return cs_error(
-            self.msg,
-            self.errcode,
-            **self._additional_fields
-        )
+        return cs_error(self.msg, self.errcode, **self._additional_fields)
 
 
 class ConsentNotGivenError(SynapseError):
     """The error returned to the client when the user has not consented to the
     privacy policy.
     """
+
     def __init__(self, msg, consent_uri):
         """Constructs a ConsentNotGivenError
 
@@ -144,22 +139,17 @@ class ConsentNotGivenError(SynapseError):
             consent_url (str): The URL where the user can give their consent
         """
         super(ConsentNotGivenError, self).__init__(
-            code=http_client.FORBIDDEN,
-            msg=msg,
-            errcode=Codes.CONSENT_NOT_GIVEN
+            code=http_client.FORBIDDEN, msg=msg, errcode=Codes.CONSENT_NOT_GIVEN
         )
         self._consent_uri = consent_uri
 
     def error_dict(self):
-        return cs_error(
-            self.msg,
-            self.errcode,
-            consent_uri=self._consent_uri
-        )
+        return cs_error(self.msg, self.errcode, consent_uri=self._consent_uri)
 
 
 class RegistrationError(SynapseError):
     """An error raised when a registration event fails."""
+
     pass
 
 
@@ -198,15 +188,17 @@ class InteractiveAuthIncompleteError(Exception):
         result (dict): the server response to the request, which should be
             passed back to the client
     """
+
     def __init__(self, result):
         super(InteractiveAuthIncompleteError, self).__init__(
-            "Interactive auth not yet complete",
+            "Interactive auth not yet complete"
         )
         self.result = result
 
 
 class UnrecognizedRequestError(SynapseError):
     """An error indicating we don't understand the request you're trying to make"""
+
     def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
         if "errcode" not in kwargs:
             kwargs["errcode"] = Codes.UNRECOGNIZED
@@ -215,21 +207,14 @@ class UnrecognizedRequestError(SynapseError):
             message = "Unrecognized request"
         else:
             message = args[0]
-        super(UnrecognizedRequestError, self).__init__(
-            400,
-            message,
-            **kwargs
-        )
+        super(UnrecognizedRequestError, self).__init__(400, message, **kwargs)
 
 
 class NotFoundError(SynapseError):
     """An error indicating we can't find the thing you asked for"""
+
     def __init__(self, msg="Not found", errcode=Codes.NOT_FOUND):
-        super(NotFoundError, self).__init__(
-            404,
-            msg,
-            errcode=errcode
-        )
+        super(NotFoundError, self).__init__(404, msg, errcode=errcode)
 
 
 class AuthError(SynapseError):
@@ -246,8 +231,11 @@ class ResourceLimitError(SynapseError):
     Any error raised when there is a problem with resource usage.
     For instance, the monthly active user limit for the server has been exceeded
     """
+
     def __init__(
-        self, code, msg,
+        self,
+        code,
+        msg,
         errcode=Codes.RESOURCE_LIMIT_EXCEEDED,
         admin_contact=None,
         limit_type=None,
@@ -261,7 +249,7 @@ class ResourceLimitError(SynapseError):
             self.msg,
             self.errcode,
             admin_contact=self.admin_contact,
-            limit_type=self.limit_type
+            limit_type=self.limit_type,
         )
 
 
@@ -276,6 +264,7 @@ class EventSizeError(SynapseError):
 
 class EventStreamError(SynapseError):
     """An error raised when there a problem with the event stream."""
+
     def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
         if "errcode" not in kwargs:
             kwargs["errcode"] = Codes.BAD_PAGINATION
@@ -284,47 +273,53 @@ class EventStreamError(SynapseError):
 
 class LoginError(SynapseError):
     """An error raised when there was a problem logging in."""
+
     pass
 
 
 class StoreError(SynapseError):
     """An error raised when there was a problem storing some data."""
+
     pass
 
 
 class InvalidCaptchaError(SynapseError):
-    def __init__(self, code=400, msg="Invalid captcha.", error_url=None,
-                 errcode=Codes.CAPTCHA_INVALID):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        code=400,
+        msg="Invalid captcha.",
+        error_url=None,
+        errcode=Codes.CAPTCHA_INVALID,
+    ):
         super(InvalidCaptchaError, self).__init__(code, msg, errcode)
         self.error_url = error_url
 
     def error_dict(self):
-        return cs_error(
-            self.msg,
-            self.errcode,
-            error_url=self.error_url,
-        )
+        return cs_error(self.msg, self.errcode, error_url=self.error_url)
 
 
 class LimitExceededError(SynapseError):
     """A client has sent too many requests and is being throttled.
     """
-    def __init__(self, code=429, msg="Too Many Requests", retry_after_ms=None,
-                 errcode=Codes.LIMIT_EXCEEDED):
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        code=429,
+        msg="Too Many Requests",
+        retry_after_ms=None,
+        errcode=Codes.LIMIT_EXCEEDED,
+    ):
         super(LimitExceededError, self).__init__(code, msg, errcode)
         self.retry_after_ms = retry_after_ms
 
     def error_dict(self):
-        return cs_error(
-            self.msg,
-            self.errcode,
-            retry_after_ms=self.retry_after_ms,
-        )
+        return cs_error(self.msg, self.errcode, retry_after_ms=self.retry_after_ms)
 
 
 class RoomKeysVersionError(SynapseError):
     """A client has tried to upload to a non-current version of the room_keys store
     """
+
     def __init__(self, current_version):
         """
         Args:
@@ -339,6 +334,7 @@ class RoomKeysVersionError(SynapseError):
 class UnsupportedRoomVersionError(SynapseError):
     """The client's request to create a room used a room version that the server does
     not support."""
+
     def __init__(self):
         super(UnsupportedRoomVersionError, self).__init__(
             code=400,
@@ -362,22 +358,19 @@ class IncompatibleRoomVersionError(SynapseError):
     Unlike UnsupportedRoomVersionError, it is specific to the case of the make_join
     failing.
     """
+
     def __init__(self, room_version):
         super(IncompatibleRoomVersionError, self).__init__(
             code=400,
             msg="Your homeserver does not support the features required to "
-                "join this room",
+            "join this room",
             errcode=Codes.INCOMPATIBLE_ROOM_VERSION,
         )
 
         self._room_version = room_version
 
     def error_dict(self):
-        return cs_error(
-            self.msg,
-            self.errcode,
-            room_version=self._room_version,
-        )
+        return cs_error(self.msg, self.errcode, room_version=self._room_version)
 
 
 class PasswordRefusedError(SynapseError):
@@ -389,11 +382,7 @@ class PasswordRefusedError(SynapseError):
         msg="This password doesn't comply with the server's policy",
         errcode=Codes.WEAK_PASSWORD,
     ):
-        super(PasswordRefusedError, self).__init__(
-            code=400,
-            msg=msg,
-            errcode=errcode,
-        )
+        super(PasswordRefusedError, self).__init__(code=400, msg=msg, errcode=errcode)
 
 
 class RequestSendFailed(RuntimeError):
@@ -404,11 +393,11 @@ class RequestSendFailed(RuntimeError):
     networking (e.g. DNS failures, connection timeouts etc), versus unexpected
     errors (like programming errors).
     """
+
     def __init__(self, inner_exception, can_retry):
         super(RequestSendFailed, self).__init__(
-            "Failed to send request: %s: %s" % (
-                type(inner_exception).__name__, inner_exception,
-            )
+            "Failed to send request: %s: %s"
+            % (type(inner_exception).__name__, inner_exception)
         )
         self.inner_exception = inner_exception
         self.can_retry = can_retry
@@ -452,7 +441,7 @@ class FederationError(RuntimeError):
         self.affected = affected
         self.source = source
 
-        msg = "%s %s: %s" % (level, code, reason,)
+        msg = "%s %s: %s" % (level, code, reason)
         super(FederationError, self).__init__(msg)
 
     def get_dict(self):
@@ -472,6 +461,7 @@ class HttpResponseException(CodeMessageException):
     Attributes:
         response (bytes): body of response
     """
+
     def __init__(self, code, msg, response):
         """
 
@@ -510,7 +500,7 @@ class HttpResponseException(CodeMessageException):
         if not isinstance(j, dict):
             j = {}
 
-        errcode = j.pop('errcode', Codes.UNKNOWN)
-        errmsg = j.pop('error', self.msg)
+        errcode = j.pop("errcode", Codes.UNKNOWN)
+        errmsg = j.pop("error", self.msg)
 
         return ProxiedRequestError(self.code, errmsg, errcode, j)
diff --git a/synapse/api/filtering.py b/synapse/api/filtering.py
index 3906475403..9b3daca29b 100644
--- a/synapse/api/filtering.py
+++ b/synapse/api/filtering.py
@@ -28,117 +28,55 @@ FILTER_SCHEMA = {
     "additionalProperties": False,
     "type": "object",
     "properties": {
-        "limit": {
-            "type": "number"
-        },
-        "senders": {
-            "$ref": "#/definitions/user_id_array"
-        },
-        "not_senders": {
-            "$ref": "#/definitions/user_id_array"
-        },
+        "limit": {"type": "number"},
+        "senders": {"$ref": "#/definitions/user_id_array"},
+        "not_senders": {"$ref": "#/definitions/user_id_array"},
         # TODO: We don't limit event type values but we probably should...
         # check types are valid event types
-        "types": {
-            "type": "array",
-            "items": {
-                "type": "string"
-            }
-        },
-        "not_types": {
-            "type": "array",
-            "items": {
-                "type": "string"
-            }
-        }
-    }
+        "types": {"type": "array", "items": {"type": "string"}},
+        "not_types": {"type": "array", "items": {"type": "string"}},
+    },
 }
 
 ROOM_FILTER_SCHEMA = {
     "additionalProperties": False,
     "type": "object",
     "properties": {
-        "not_rooms": {
-            "$ref": "#/definitions/room_id_array"
-        },
-        "rooms": {
-            "$ref": "#/definitions/room_id_array"
-        },
-        "ephemeral": {
-            "$ref": "#/definitions/room_event_filter"
-        },
-        "include_leave": {
-            "type": "boolean"
-        },
-        "state": {
-            "$ref": "#/definitions/room_event_filter"
-        },
-        "timeline": {
-            "$ref": "#/definitions/room_event_filter"
-        },
-        "account_data": {
-            "$ref": "#/definitions/room_event_filter"
-        },
-    }
+        "not_rooms": {"$ref": "#/definitions/room_id_array"},
+        "rooms": {"$ref": "#/definitions/room_id_array"},
+        "ephemeral": {"$ref": "#/definitions/room_event_filter"},
+        "include_leave": {"type": "boolean"},
+        "state": {"$ref": "#/definitions/room_event_filter"},
+        "timeline": {"$ref": "#/definitions/room_event_filter"},
+        "account_data": {"$ref": "#/definitions/room_event_filter"},
+    },
 }
 
 ROOM_EVENT_FILTER_SCHEMA = {
     "additionalProperties": False,
     "type": "object",
     "properties": {
-        "limit": {
-            "type": "number"
-        },
-        "senders": {
-            "$ref": "#/definitions/user_id_array"
-        },
-        "not_senders": {
-            "$ref": "#/definitions/user_id_array"
-        },
-        "types": {
-            "type": "array",
-            "items": {
-                "type": "string"
-            }
-        },
-        "not_types": {
-            "type": "array",
-            "items": {
-                "type": "string"
-            }
-        },
-        "rooms": {
-            "$ref": "#/definitions/room_id_array"
-        },
-        "not_rooms": {
-            "$ref": "#/definitions/room_id_array"
-        },
-        "contains_url": {
-            "type": "boolean"
-        },
-        "lazy_load_members": {
-            "type": "boolean"
-        },
-        "include_redundant_members": {
-            "type": "boolean"
-        },
-    }
+        "limit": {"type": "number"},
+        "senders": {"$ref": "#/definitions/user_id_array"},
+        "not_senders": {"$ref": "#/definitions/user_id_array"},
+        "types": {"type": "array", "items": {"type": "string"}},
+        "not_types": {"type": "array", "items": {"type": "string"}},
+        "rooms": {"$ref": "#/definitions/room_id_array"},
+        "not_rooms": {"$ref": "#/definitions/room_id_array"},
+        "contains_url": {"type": "boolean"},
+        "lazy_load_members": {"type": "boolean"},
+        "include_redundant_members": {"type": "boolean"},
+    },
 }
 
 USER_ID_ARRAY_SCHEMA = {
     "type": "array",
-    "items": {
-        "type": "string",
-        "format": "matrix_user_id"
-    }
+    "items": {"type": "string", "format": "matrix_user_id"},
 }
 
 ROOM_ID_ARRAY_SCHEMA = {
     "type": "array",
-    "items": {
-        "type": "string",
-        "format": "matrix_room_id"
-    }
+    "items": {"type": "string", "format": "matrix_room_id"},
 }
 
 USER_FILTER_SCHEMA = {
@@ -150,22 +88,13 @@ USER_FILTER_SCHEMA = {
         "user_id_array": USER_ID_ARRAY_SCHEMA,
         "filter": FILTER_SCHEMA,
         "room_filter": ROOM_FILTER_SCHEMA,
-        "room_event_filter": ROOM_EVENT_FILTER_SCHEMA
+        "room_event_filter": ROOM_EVENT_FILTER_SCHEMA,
     },
     "properties": {
-        "presence": {
-            "$ref": "#/definitions/filter"
-        },
-        "account_data": {
-            "$ref": "#/definitions/filter"
-        },
-        "room": {
-            "$ref": "#/definitions/room_filter"
-        },
-        "event_format": {
-            "type": "string",
-            "enum": ["client", "federation"]
-        },
+        "presence": {"$ref": "#/definitions/filter"},
+        "account_data": {"$ref": "#/definitions/filter"},
+        "room": {"$ref": "#/definitions/room_filter"},
+        "event_format": {"type": "string", "enum": ["client", "federation"]},
         "event_fields": {
             "type": "array",
             "items": {
@@ -177,26 +106,25 @@ USER_FILTER_SCHEMA = {
                 #
                 # Note that because this is a regular expression, we have to escape
                 # each backslash in the pattern.
-                "pattern": r"^((?!\\\\).)*$"
-            }
-        }
+                "pattern": r"^((?!\\\\).)*$",
+            },
+        },
     },
-    "additionalProperties": False
+    "additionalProperties": False,
 }
 
 
-@FormatChecker.cls_checks('matrix_room_id')
+@FormatChecker.cls_checks("matrix_room_id")
 def matrix_room_id_validator(room_id_str):
     return RoomID.from_string(room_id_str)
 
 
-@FormatChecker.cls_checks('matrix_user_id')
+@FormatChecker.cls_checks("matrix_user_id")
 def matrix_user_id_validator(user_id_str):
     return UserID.from_string(user_id_str)
 
 
 class Filtering(object):
-
     def __init__(self, hs):
         super(Filtering, self).__init__()
         self.store = hs.get_datastore()
@@ -228,8 +156,9 @@ class Filtering(object):
         # individual top-level key e.g. public_user_data. Filters are made of
         # many definitions.
         try:
-            jsonschema.validate(user_filter_json, USER_FILTER_SCHEMA,
-                                format_checker=FormatChecker())
+            jsonschema.validate(
+                user_filter_json, USER_FILTER_SCHEMA, format_checker=FormatChecker()
+            )
         except jsonschema.ValidationError as e:
             raise SynapseError(400, str(e))
 
@@ -240,10 +169,9 @@ class FilterCollection(object):
 
         room_filter_json = self._filter_json.get("room", {})
 
-        self._room_filter = Filter({
-            k: v for k, v in room_filter_json.items()
-            if k in ("rooms", "not_rooms")
-        })
+        self._room_filter = Filter(
+            {k: v for k, v in room_filter_json.items() if k in ("rooms", "not_rooms")}
+        )
 
         self._room_timeline_filter = Filter(room_filter_json.get("timeline", {}))
         self._room_state_filter = Filter(room_filter_json.get("state", {}))
@@ -252,9 +180,7 @@ class FilterCollection(object):
         self._presence_filter = Filter(filter_json.get("presence", {}))
         self._account_data = Filter(filter_json.get("account_data", {}))
 
-        self.include_leave = filter_json.get("room", {}).get(
-            "include_leave", False
-        )
+        self.include_leave = filter_json.get("room", {}).get("include_leave", False)
         self.event_fields = filter_json.get("event_fields", [])
         self.event_format = filter_json.get("event_format", "client")
 
@@ -299,22 +225,22 @@ class FilterCollection(object):
 
     def blocks_all_presence(self):
         return (
-            self._presence_filter.filters_all_types() or
-            self._presence_filter.filters_all_senders()
+            self._presence_filter.filters_all_types()
+            or self._presence_filter.filters_all_senders()
         )
 
     def blocks_all_room_ephemeral(self):
         return (
-            self._room_ephemeral_filter.filters_all_types() or
-            self._room_ephemeral_filter.filters_all_senders() or
-            self._room_ephemeral_filter.filters_all_rooms()
+            self._room_ephemeral_filter.filters_all_types()
+            or self._room_ephemeral_filter.filters_all_senders()
+            or self._room_ephemeral_filter.filters_all_rooms()
         )
 
     def blocks_all_room_timeline(self):
         return (
-            self._room_timeline_filter.filters_all_types() or
-            self._room_timeline_filter.filters_all_senders() or
-            self._room_timeline_filter.filters_all_rooms()
+            self._room_timeline_filter.filters_all_types()
+            or self._room_timeline_filter.filters_all_senders()
+            or self._room_timeline_filter.filters_all_rooms()
         )
 
 
@@ -375,12 +301,7 @@ class Filter(object):
             # check if there is a string url field in the content for filtering purposes
             contains_url = isinstance(content.get("url"), text_type)
 
-        return self.check_fields(
-            room_id,
-            sender,
-            ev_type,
-            contains_url,
-        )
+        return self.check_fields(room_id, sender, ev_type, contains_url)
 
     def check_fields(self, room_id, sender, event_type, contains_url):
         """Checks whether the filter matches the given event fields.
@@ -391,7 +312,7 @@ class Filter(object):
         literal_keys = {
             "rooms": lambda v: room_id == v,
             "senders": lambda v: sender == v,
-            "types": lambda v: _matches_wildcard(event_type, v)
+            "types": lambda v: _matches_wildcard(event_type, v),
         }
 
         for name, match_func in literal_keys.items():
diff --git a/synapse/api/ratelimiting.py b/synapse/api/ratelimiting.py
index 296c4a1c17..09caaa35bd 100644
--- a/synapse/api/ratelimiting.py
+++ b/synapse/api/ratelimiting.py
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ class Ratelimiter(object):
         """
         self.prune_message_counts(time_now_s)
         message_count, time_start, _ignored = self.message_counts.get(
-            key, (0., time_now_s, None),
+            key, (0., time_now_s, None)
         )
         time_delta = time_now_s - time_start
         sent_count = message_count - time_delta * rate_hz
@@ -59,14 +59,10 @@ class Ratelimiter(object):
             message_count += 1
 
         if update:
-            self.message_counts[key] = (
-                message_count, time_start, rate_hz
-            )
+            self.message_counts[key] = (message_count, time_start, rate_hz)
 
         if rate_hz > 0:
-            time_allowed = (
-                time_start + (message_count - burst_count + 1) / rate_hz
-            )
+            time_allowed = time_start + (message_count - burst_count + 1) / rate_hz
             if time_allowed < time_now_s:
                 time_allowed = time_now_s
         else:
@@ -76,9 +72,7 @@ class Ratelimiter(object):
 
     def prune_message_counts(self, time_now_s):
         for key in list(self.message_counts.keys()):
-            message_count, time_start, rate_hz = (
-                self.message_counts[key]
-            )
+            message_count, time_start, rate_hz = self.message_counts[key]
             time_delta = time_now_s - time_start
             if message_count - time_delta * rate_hz > 0:
                 break
@@ -92,5 +86,5 @@ class Ratelimiter(object):
 
         if not allowed:
             raise LimitExceededError(
-                retry_after_ms=int(1000 * (time_allowed - time_now_s)),
+                retry_after_ms=int(1000 * (time_allowed - time_now_s))
             )
diff --git a/synapse/api/room_versions.py b/synapse/api/room_versions.py
index d644803d38..95292b7dec 100644
--- a/synapse/api/room_versions.py
+++ b/synapse/api/room_versions.py
@@ -19,9 +19,10 @@ class EventFormatVersions(object):
     """This is an internal enum for tracking the version of the event format,
     independently from the room version.
     """
-    V1 = 1   # $id:server event id format
-    V2 = 2   # MSC1659-style $hash event id format: introduced for room v3
-    V3 = 3   # MSC1884-style $hash format: introduced for room v4
+
+    V1 = 1  # $id:server event id format
+    V2 = 2  # MSC1659-style $hash event id format: introduced for room v3
+    V3 = 3  # MSC1884-style $hash format: introduced for room v4
 
 
 KNOWN_EVENT_FORMAT_VERSIONS = {
@@ -33,8 +34,9 @@ KNOWN_EVENT_FORMAT_VERSIONS = {
 
 class StateResolutionVersions(object):
     """Enum to identify the state resolution algorithms"""
-    V1 = 1   # room v1 state res
-    V2 = 2   # MSC1442 state res: room v2 and later
+
+    V1 = 1  # room v1 state res
+    V2 = 2  # MSC1442 state res: room v2 and later
 
 
 class RoomDisposition(object):
@@ -46,10 +48,10 @@ class RoomDisposition(object):
 class RoomVersion(object):
     """An object which describes the unique attributes of a room version."""
 
-    identifier = attr.ib()      # str; the identifier for this version
-    disposition = attr.ib()     # str; one of the RoomDispositions
-    event_format = attr.ib()    # int; one of the EventFormatVersions
-    state_res = attr.ib()       # int; one of the StateResolutionVersions
+    identifier = attr.ib()  # str; the identifier for this version
+    disposition = attr.ib()  # str; one of the RoomDispositions
+    event_format = attr.ib()  # int; one of the EventFormatVersions
+    state_res = attr.ib()  # int; one of the StateResolutionVersions
     enforce_key_validity = attr.ib()  # bool
 
 
@@ -92,11 +94,12 @@ class RoomVersions(object):
 
 
 KNOWN_ROOM_VERSIONS = {
-    v.identifier: v for v in (
+    v.identifier: v
+    for v in (
         RoomVersions.V1,
         RoomVersions.V2,
         RoomVersions.V3,
         RoomVersions.V4,
         RoomVersions.V5,
     )
-}   # type: dict[str, RoomVersion]
+}  # type: dict[str, RoomVersion]
diff --git a/synapse/api/urls.py b/synapse/api/urls.py
index e16c386a14..ff1f39e86c 100644
--- a/synapse/api/urls.py
+++ b/synapse/api/urls.py
@@ -42,13 +42,9 @@ class ConsentURIBuilder(object):
             hs_config (synapse.config.homeserver.HomeServerConfig):
         """
         if hs_config.form_secret is None:
-            raise ConfigError(
-                "form_secret not set in config",
-            )
+            raise ConfigError("form_secret not set in config")
         if hs_config.public_baseurl is None:
-            raise ConfigError(
-                "public_baseurl not set in config",
-            )
+            raise ConfigError("public_baseurl not set in config")
 
         self._hmac_secret = hs_config.form_secret.encode("utf-8")
         self._public_baseurl = hs_config.public_baseurl
@@ -64,15 +60,10 @@ class ConsentURIBuilder(object):
             (str) the URI where the user can do consent
         """
         mac = hmac.new(
-            key=self._hmac_secret,
-            msg=user_id.encode('ascii'),
-            digestmod=sha256,
+            key=self._hmac_secret, msg=user_id.encode("ascii"), digestmod=sha256
         ).hexdigest()
         consent_uri = "%s_matrix/consent?%s" % (
             self._public_baseurl,
-            urlencode({
-                "u": user_id,
-                "h": mac
-            }),
+            urlencode({"u": user_id, "h": mac}),
         )
         return consent_uri
diff --git a/synapse/app/__init__.py b/synapse/app/__init__.py
index f56f5fcc13..d877c77834 100644
--- a/synapse/app/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/app/__init__.py
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ def check_bind_error(e, address, bind_addresses):
         address (str): Address on which binding was attempted.
         bind_addresses (list): Addresses on which the service listens.
     """
-    if address == '0.0.0.0' and '::' in bind_addresses:
-        logger.warn('Failed to listen on 0.0.0.0, continuing because listening on [::]')
+    if address == "0.0.0.0" and "::" in bind_addresses:
+        logger.warn("Failed to listen on 0.0.0.0, continuing because listening on [::]")
     else:
         raise e
diff --git a/synapse/app/_base.py b/synapse/app/_base.py
index 8cc990399f..df4c2d4c97 100644
--- a/synapse/app/_base.py
+++ b/synapse/app/_base.py
@@ -75,14 +75,14 @@ def start_worker_reactor(appname, config):
 
 
 def start_reactor(
-        appname,
-        soft_file_limit,
-        gc_thresholds,
-        pid_file,
-        daemonize,
-        cpu_affinity,
-        print_pidfile,
-        logger,
+    appname,
+    soft_file_limit,
+    gc_thresholds,
+    pid_file,
+    daemonize,
+    cpu_affinity,
+    print_pidfile,
+    logger,
 ):
     """ Run the reactor in the main process
 
@@ -149,10 +149,10 @@ def start_reactor(
 def quit_with_error(error_string):
     message_lines = error_string.split("\n")
     line_length = max([len(l) for l in message_lines if len(l) < 80]) + 2
-    sys.stderr.write("*" * line_length + '\n')
+    sys.stderr.write("*" * line_length + "\n")
     for line in message_lines:
         sys.stderr.write(" %s\n" % (line.rstrip(),))
-    sys.stderr.write("*" * line_length + '\n')
+    sys.stderr.write("*" * line_length + "\n")
     sys.exit(1)
 
 
@@ -178,14 +178,7 @@ def listen_tcp(bind_addresses, port, factory, reactor=reactor, backlog=50):
     r = []
     for address in bind_addresses:
         try:
-            r.append(
-                reactor.listenTCP(
-                    port,
-                    factory,
-                    backlog,
-                    address
-                )
-            )
+            r.append(reactor.listenTCP(port, factory, backlog, address))
         except error.CannotListenError as e:
             check_bind_error(e, address, bind_addresses)
 
@@ -205,13 +198,7 @@ def listen_ssl(
     for address in bind_addresses:
         try:
             r.append(
-                reactor.listenSSL(
-                    port,
-                    factory,
-                    context_factory,
-                    backlog,
-                    address
-                )
+                reactor.listenSSL(port, factory, context_factory, backlog, address)
             )
         except error.CannotListenError as e:
             check_bind_error(e, address, bind_addresses)
@@ -243,15 +230,13 @@ def refresh_certificate(hs):
             if isinstance(i.factory, TLSMemoryBIOFactory):
                 addr = i.getHost()
                 logger.info(
-                    "Replacing TLS context factory on [%s]:%i", addr.host, addr.port,
+                    "Replacing TLS context factory on [%s]:%i", addr.host, addr.port
                 )
                 # We want to replace TLS factories with a new one, with the new
                 # TLS configuration. We do this by reaching in and pulling out
                 # the wrappedFactory, and then re-wrapping it.
                 i.factory = TLSMemoryBIOFactory(
-                    hs.tls_server_context_factory,
-                    False,
-                    i.factory.wrappedFactory
+                    hs.tls_server_context_factory, False, i.factory.wrappedFactory
                 )
         logger.info("Context factories updated.")
 
@@ -267,6 +252,7 @@ def start(hs, listeners=None):
     try:
         # Set up the SIGHUP machinery.
         if hasattr(signal, "SIGHUP"):
+
             def handle_sighup(*args, **kwargs):
                 for i in _sighup_callbacks:
                     i(hs)
@@ -302,10 +288,8 @@ def setup_sentry(hs):
         return
 
     import sentry_sdk
-    sentry_sdk.init(
-        dsn=hs.config.sentry_dsn,
-        release=get_version_string(synapse),
-    )
+
+    sentry_sdk.init(dsn=hs.config.sentry_dsn, release=get_version_string(synapse))
 
     # We set some default tags that give some context to this instance
     with sentry_sdk.configure_scope() as scope:
@@ -326,7 +310,7 @@ def install_dns_limiter(reactor, max_dns_requests_in_flight=100):
     many DNS queries at once
     """
     new_resolver = _LimitedHostnameResolver(
-        reactor.nameResolver, max_dns_requests_in_flight,
+        reactor.nameResolver, max_dns_requests_in_flight
     )
 
     reactor.installNameResolver(new_resolver)
@@ -339,11 +323,17 @@ class _LimitedHostnameResolver(object):
     def __init__(self, resolver, max_dns_requests_in_flight):
         self._resolver = resolver
         self._limiter = Linearizer(
-            name="dns_client_limiter", max_count=max_dns_requests_in_flight,
+            name="dns_client_limiter", max_count=max_dns_requests_in_flight
         )
 
-    def resolveHostName(self, resolutionReceiver, hostName, portNumber=0,
-                        addressTypes=None, transportSemantics='TCP'):
+    def resolveHostName(
+        self,
+        resolutionReceiver,
+        hostName,
+        portNumber=0,
+        addressTypes=None,
+        transportSemantics="TCP",
+    ):
         # We need this function to return `resolutionReceiver` so we do all the
         # actual logic involving deferreds in a separate function.
 
@@ -363,8 +353,14 @@ class _LimitedHostnameResolver(object):
         return resolutionReceiver
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _resolve(self, resolutionReceiver, hostName, portNumber=0,
-                 addressTypes=None, transportSemantics='TCP'):
+    def _resolve(
+        self,
+        resolutionReceiver,
+        hostName,
+        portNumber=0,
+        addressTypes=None,
+        transportSemantics="TCP",
+    ):
 
         with (yield self._limiter.queue(())):
             # resolveHostName doesn't return a Deferred, so we need to hook into
@@ -374,8 +370,7 @@ class _LimitedHostnameResolver(object):
             receiver = _DeferredResolutionReceiver(resolutionReceiver, deferred)
 
             self._resolver.resolveHostName(
-                receiver, hostName, portNumber,
-                addressTypes, transportSemantics,
+                receiver, hostName, portNumber, addressTypes, transportSemantics
             )
 
             yield deferred
diff --git a/synapse/app/appservice.py b/synapse/app/appservice.py
index 33107f56d1..9120bdb143 100644
--- a/synapse/app/appservice.py
+++ b/synapse/app/appservice.py
@@ -44,7 +44,9 @@ logger = logging.getLogger("synapse.app.appservice")
 
 
 class AppserviceSlaveStore(
-    DirectoryStore, SlavedEventStore, SlavedApplicationServiceStore,
+    DirectoryStore,
+    SlavedEventStore,
+    SlavedApplicationServiceStore,
     SlavedRegistrationStore,
 ):
     pass
@@ -74,7 +76,7 @@ class AppserviceServer(HomeServer):
                 listener_config,
                 root_resource,
                 self.version_string,
-            )
+            ),
         )
 
         logger.info("Synapse appservice now listening on port %d", port)
@@ -88,18 +90,19 @@ class AppserviceServer(HomeServer):
                     listener["bind_addresses"],
                     listener["port"],
                     manhole(
-                        username="matrix",
-                        password="rabbithole",
-                        globals={"hs": self},
-                    )
+                        username="matrix", password="rabbithole", globals={"hs": self}
+                    ),
                 )
             elif listener["type"] == "metrics":
                 if not self.get_config().enable_metrics:
-                    logger.warn(("Metrics listener configured, but "
-                                 "enable_metrics is not True!"))
+                    logger.warn(
+                        (
+                            "Metrics listener configured, but "
+                            "enable_metrics is not True!"
+                        )
+                    )
                 else:
-                    _base.listen_metrics(listener["bind_addresses"],
-                                         listener["port"])
+                    _base.listen_metrics(listener["bind_addresses"], listener["port"])
             else:
                 logger.warn("Unrecognized listener type: %s", listener["type"])
 
@@ -132,9 +135,7 @@ class ASReplicationHandler(ReplicationClientHandler):
 
 def start(config_options):
     try:
-        config = HomeServerConfig.load_config(
-            "Synapse appservice", config_options
-        )
+        config = HomeServerConfig.load_config("Synapse appservice", config_options)
     except ConfigError as e:
         sys.stderr.write("\n" + str(e) + "\n")
         sys.exit(1)
@@ -173,6 +174,6 @@ def start(config_options):
     _base.start_worker_reactor("synapse-appservice", config)
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     with LoggingContext("main"):
         start(sys.argv[1:])
diff --git a/synapse/app/client_reader.py b/synapse/app/client_reader.py
index a16e037f32..310cdab2e4 100644
--- a/synapse/app/client_reader.py
+++ b/synapse/app/client_reader.py
@@ -118,9 +118,7 @@ class ClientReaderServer(HomeServer):
                     PushRuleRestServlet(self).register(resource)
                     VersionsRestServlet().register(resource)
 
-                    resources.update({
-                        "/_matrix/client": resource,
-                    })
+                    resources.update({"/_matrix/client": resource})
 
         root_resource = create_resource_tree(resources, NoResource())
 
@@ -133,7 +131,7 @@ class ClientReaderServer(HomeServer):
                 listener_config,
                 root_resource,
                 self.version_string,
-            )
+            ),
         )
 
         logger.info("Synapse client reader now listening on port %d", port)
@@ -147,18 +145,19 @@ class ClientReaderServer(HomeServer):
                     listener["bind_addresses"],
                     listener["port"],
                     manhole(
-                        username="matrix",
-                        password="rabbithole",
-                        globals={"hs": self},
-                    )
+                        username="matrix", password="rabbithole", globals={"hs": self}
+                    ),
                 )
             elif listener["type"] == "metrics":
                 if not self.get_config().enable_metrics:
-                    logger.warn(("Metrics listener configured, but "
-                                 "enable_metrics is not True!"))
+                    logger.warn(
+                        (
+                            "Metrics listener configured, but "
+                            "enable_metrics is not True!"
+                        )
+                    )
                 else:
-                    _base.listen_metrics(listener["bind_addresses"],
-                                         listener["port"])
+                    _base.listen_metrics(listener["bind_addresses"], listener["port"])
             else:
                 logger.warn("Unrecognized listener type: %s", listener["type"])
 
@@ -170,9 +169,7 @@ class ClientReaderServer(HomeServer):
 
 def start(config_options):
     try:
-        config = HomeServerConfig.load_config(
-            "Synapse client reader", config_options
-        )
+        config = HomeServerConfig.load_config("Synapse client reader", config_options)
     except ConfigError as e:
         sys.stderr.write("\n" + str(e) + "\n")
         sys.exit(1)
@@ -199,6 +196,6 @@ def start(config_options):
     _base.start_worker_reactor("synapse-client-reader", config)
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     with LoggingContext("main"):
         start(sys.argv[1:])
diff --git a/synapse/app/event_creator.py b/synapse/app/event_creator.py
index b8e5196152..ff522e4499 100644
--- a/synapse/app/event_creator.py
+++ b/synapse/app/event_creator.py
@@ -109,12 +109,14 @@ class EventCreatorServer(HomeServer):
                     ProfileAvatarURLRestServlet(self).register(resource)
                     ProfileDisplaynameRestServlet(self).register(resource)
                     ProfileRestServlet(self).register(resource)
-                    resources.update({
-                        "/_matrix/client/r0": resource,
-                        "/_matrix/client/unstable": resource,
-                        "/_matrix/client/v2_alpha": resource,
-                        "/_matrix/client/api/v1": resource,
-                    })
+                    resources.update(
+                        {
+                            "/_matrix/client/r0": resource,
+                            "/_matrix/client/unstable": resource,
+                            "/_matrix/client/v2_alpha": resource,
+                            "/_matrix/client/api/v1": resource,
+                        }
+                    )
 
         root_resource = create_resource_tree(resources, NoResource())
 
@@ -127,7 +129,7 @@ class EventCreatorServer(HomeServer):
                 listener_config,
                 root_resource,
                 self.version_string,
-            )
+            ),
         )
 
         logger.info("Synapse event creator now listening on port %d", port)
@@ -141,18 +143,19 @@ class EventCreatorServer(HomeServer):
                     listener["bind_addresses"],
                     listener["port"],
                     manhole(
-                        username="matrix",
-                        password="rabbithole",
-                        globals={"hs": self},
-                    )
+                        username="matrix", password="rabbithole", globals={"hs": self}
+                    ),
                 )
             elif listener["type"] == "metrics":
                 if not self.get_config().enable_metrics:
-                    logger.warn(("Metrics listener configured, but "
-                                 "enable_metrics is not True!"))
+                    logger.warn(
+                        (
+                            "Metrics listener configured, but "
+                            "enable_metrics is not True!"
+                        )
+                    )
                 else:
-                    _base.listen_metrics(listener["bind_addresses"],
-                                         listener["port"])
+                    _base.listen_metrics(listener["bind_addresses"], listener["port"])
             else:
                 logger.warn("Unrecognized listener type: %s", listener["type"])
 
@@ -164,9 +167,7 @@ class EventCreatorServer(HomeServer):
 
 def start(config_options):
     try:
-        config = HomeServerConfig.load_config(
-            "Synapse event creator", config_options
-        )
+        config = HomeServerConfig.load_config("Synapse event creator", config_options)
     except ConfigError as e:
         sys.stderr.write("\n" + str(e) + "\n")
         sys.exit(1)
@@ -198,6 +199,6 @@ def start(config_options):
     _base.start_worker_reactor("synapse-event-creator", config)
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     with LoggingContext("main"):
         start(sys.argv[1:])
diff --git a/synapse/app/federation_reader.py b/synapse/app/federation_reader.py
index 7da79dc827..9421420930 100644
--- a/synapse/app/federation_reader.py
+++ b/synapse/app/federation_reader.py
@@ -86,19 +86,18 @@ class FederationReaderServer(HomeServer):
                 if name == "metrics":
                     resources[METRICS_PREFIX] = MetricsResource(RegistryProxy)
                 elif name == "federation":
-                    resources.update({
-                        FEDERATION_PREFIX: TransportLayerServer(self),
-                    })
+                    resources.update({FEDERATION_PREFIX: TransportLayerServer(self)})
                 if name == "openid" and "federation" not in res["names"]:
                     # Only load the openid resource separately if federation resource
                     # is not specified since federation resource includes openid
                     # resource.
-                    resources.update({
-                        FEDERATION_PREFIX: TransportLayerServer(
-                            self,
-                            servlet_groups=["openid"],
-                        ),
-                    })
+                    resources.update(
+                        {
+                            FEDERATION_PREFIX: TransportLayerServer(
+                                self, servlet_groups=["openid"]
+                            )
+                        }
+                    )
 
                 if name in ["keys", "federation"]:
                     resources[SERVER_KEY_V2_PREFIX] = KeyApiV2Resource(self)
@@ -115,7 +114,7 @@ class FederationReaderServer(HomeServer):
                 root_resource,
                 self.version_string,
             ),
-            reactor=self.get_reactor()
+            reactor=self.get_reactor(),
         )
 
         logger.info("Synapse federation reader now listening on port %d", port)
@@ -129,18 +128,19 @@ class FederationReaderServer(HomeServer):
                     listener["bind_addresses"],
                     listener["port"],
                     manhole(
-                        username="matrix",
-                        password="rabbithole",
-                        globals={"hs": self},
-                    )
+                        username="matrix", password="rabbithole", globals={"hs": self}
+                    ),
                 )
             elif listener["type"] == "metrics":
                 if not self.get_config().enable_metrics:
-                    logger.warn(("Metrics listener configured, but "
-                                 "enable_metrics is not True!"))
+                    logger.warn(
+                        (
+                            "Metrics listener configured, but "
+                            "enable_metrics is not True!"
+                        )
+                    )
                 else:
-                    _base.listen_metrics(listener["bind_addresses"],
-                                         listener["port"])
+                    _base.listen_metrics(listener["bind_addresses"], listener["port"])
             else:
                 logger.warn("Unrecognized listener type: %s", listener["type"])
 
@@ -181,6 +181,6 @@ def start(config_options):
     _base.start_worker_reactor("synapse-federation-reader", config)
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     with LoggingContext("main"):
         start(sys.argv[1:])
diff --git a/synapse/app/federation_sender.py b/synapse/app/federation_sender.py
index 1d43f2b075..969be58d0b 100644
--- a/synapse/app/federation_sender.py
+++ b/synapse/app/federation_sender.py
@@ -52,8 +52,13 @@ logger = logging.getLogger("synapse.app.federation_sender")
 
 
 class FederationSenderSlaveStore(
-    SlavedDeviceInboxStore, SlavedTransactionStore, SlavedReceiptsStore, SlavedEventStore,
-    SlavedRegistrationStore, SlavedDeviceStore, SlavedPresenceStore,
+    SlavedDeviceInboxStore,
+    SlavedTransactionStore,
+    SlavedReceiptsStore,
+    SlavedEventStore,
+    SlavedRegistrationStore,
+    SlavedDeviceStore,
+    SlavedPresenceStore,
 ):
     def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
         super(FederationSenderSlaveStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
@@ -65,10 +70,7 @@ class FederationSenderSlaveStore(
         self.federation_out_pos_startup = self._get_federation_out_pos(db_conn)
 
     def _get_federation_out_pos(self, db_conn):
-        sql = (
-            "SELECT stream_id FROM federation_stream_position"
-            " WHERE type = ?"
-        )
+        sql = "SELECT stream_id FROM federation_stream_position" " WHERE type = ?"
         sql = self.database_engine.convert_param_style(sql)
 
         txn = db_conn.cursor()
@@ -103,7 +105,7 @@ class FederationSenderServer(HomeServer):
                 listener_config,
                 root_resource,
                 self.version_string,
-            )
+            ),
         )
 
         logger.info("Synapse federation_sender now listening on port %d", port)
@@ -117,18 +119,19 @@ class FederationSenderServer(HomeServer):
                     listener["bind_addresses"],
                     listener["port"],
                     manhole(
-                        username="matrix",
-                        password="rabbithole",
-                        globals={"hs": self},
-                    )
+                        username="matrix", password="rabbithole", globals={"hs": self}
+                    ),
                 )
             elif listener["type"] == "metrics":
                 if not self.get_config().enable_metrics:
-                    logger.warn(("Metrics listener configured, but "
-                                 "enable_metrics is not True!"))
+                    logger.warn(
+                        (
+                            "Metrics listener configured, but "
+                            "enable_metrics is not True!"
+                        )
+                    )
                 else:
-                    _base.listen_metrics(listener["bind_addresses"],
-                                         listener["port"])
+                    _base.listen_metrics(listener["bind_addresses"], listener["port"])
             else:
                 logger.warn("Unrecognized listener type: %s", listener["type"])
 
@@ -151,7 +154,9 @@ class FederationSenderReplicationHandler(ReplicationClientHandler):
         self.send_handler.process_replication_rows(stream_name, token, rows)
 
     def get_streams_to_replicate(self):
-        args = super(FederationSenderReplicationHandler, self).get_streams_to_replicate()
+        args = super(
+            FederationSenderReplicationHandler, self
+        ).get_streams_to_replicate()
         args.update(self.send_handler.stream_positions())
         return args
 
@@ -203,6 +208,7 @@ class FederationSenderHandler(object):
     """Processes the replication stream and forwards the appropriate entries
     to the federation sender.
     """
+
     def __init__(self, hs, replication_client):
         self.store = hs.get_datastore()
         self._is_mine_id = hs.is_mine_id
@@ -241,7 +247,7 @@ class FederationSenderHandler(object):
         # ... and when new receipts happen
         elif stream_name == ReceiptsStream.NAME:
             run_as_background_process(
-                "process_receipts_for_federation", self._on_new_receipts, rows,
+                "process_receipts_for_federation", self._on_new_receipts, rows
             )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -278,12 +284,14 @@ class FederationSenderHandler(object):
 
                     # We ACK this token over replication so that the master can drop
                     # its in memory queues
-                    self.replication_client.send_federation_ack(self.federation_position)
+                    self.replication_client.send_federation_ack(
+                        self.federation_position
+                    )
                     self._last_ack = self.federation_position
         except Exception:
             logger.exception("Error updating federation stream position")
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     with LoggingContext("main"):
         start(sys.argv[1:])
diff --git a/synapse/app/frontend_proxy.py b/synapse/app/frontend_proxy.py
index 6504da5278..2fd7d57ebf 100644
--- a/synapse/app/frontend_proxy.py
+++ b/synapse/app/frontend_proxy.py
@@ -62,14 +62,11 @@ class PresenceStatusStubServlet(RestServlet):
         # Pass through the auth headers, if any, in case the access token
         # is there.
         auth_headers = request.requestHeaders.getRawHeaders("Authorization", [])
-        headers = {
-            "Authorization": auth_headers,
-        }
+        headers = {"Authorization": auth_headers}
 
         try:
             result = yield self.http_client.get_json(
-                self.main_uri + request.uri.decode('ascii'),
-                headers=headers,
+                self.main_uri + request.uri.decode("ascii"), headers=headers
             )
         except HttpResponseException as e:
             raise e.to_synapse_error()
@@ -105,18 +102,19 @@ class KeyUploadServlet(RestServlet):
         if device_id is not None:
             # passing the device_id here is deprecated; however, we allow it
             # for now for compatibility with older clients.
-            if (requester.device_id is not None and
-                    device_id != requester.device_id):
-                logger.warning("Client uploading keys for a different device "
-                               "(logged in as %s, uploading for %s)",
-                               requester.device_id, device_id)
+            if requester.device_id is not None and device_id != requester.device_id:
+                logger.warning(
+                    "Client uploading keys for a different device "
+                    "(logged in as %s, uploading for %s)",
+                    requester.device_id,
+                    device_id,
+                )
         else:
             device_id = requester.device_id
 
         if device_id is None:
             raise SynapseError(
-                400,
-                "To upload keys, you must pass device_id when authenticating"
+                400, "To upload keys, you must pass device_id when authenticating"
             )
 
         if body:
@@ -124,13 +122,9 @@ class KeyUploadServlet(RestServlet):
             # Pass through the auth headers, if any, in case the access token
             # is there.
             auth_headers = request.requestHeaders.getRawHeaders(b"Authorization", [])
-            headers = {
-                "Authorization": auth_headers,
-            }
+            headers = {"Authorization": auth_headers}
             result = yield self.http_client.post_json_get_json(
-                self.main_uri + request.uri.decode('ascii'),
-                body,
-                headers=headers,
+                self.main_uri + request.uri.decode("ascii"), body, headers=headers
             )
 
             defer.returnValue((200, result))
@@ -171,12 +165,14 @@ class FrontendProxyServer(HomeServer):
                     if not self.config.use_presence:
                         PresenceStatusStubServlet(self).register(resource)
 
-                    resources.update({
-                        "/_matrix/client/r0": resource,
-                        "/_matrix/client/unstable": resource,
-                        "/_matrix/client/v2_alpha": resource,
-                        "/_matrix/client/api/v1": resource,
-                    })
+                    resources.update(
+                        {
+                            "/_matrix/client/r0": resource,
+                            "/_matrix/client/unstable": resource,
+                            "/_matrix/client/v2_alpha": resource,
+                            "/_matrix/client/api/v1": resource,
+                        }
+                    )
 
         root_resource = create_resource_tree(resources, NoResource())
 
@@ -190,7 +186,7 @@ class FrontendProxyServer(HomeServer):
                 root_resource,
                 self.version_string,
             ),
-            reactor=self.get_reactor()
+            reactor=self.get_reactor(),
         )
 
         logger.info("Synapse client reader now listening on port %d", port)
@@ -204,18 +200,19 @@ class FrontendProxyServer(HomeServer):
                     listener["bind_addresses"],
                     listener["port"],
                     manhole(
-                        username="matrix",
-                        password="rabbithole",
-                        globals={"hs": self},
-                    )
+                        username="matrix", password="rabbithole", globals={"hs": self}
+                    ),
                 )
             elif listener["type"] == "metrics":
                 if not self.get_config().enable_metrics:
-                    logger.warn(("Metrics listener configured, but "
-                                 "enable_metrics is not True!"))
+                    logger.warn(
+                        (
+                            "Metrics listener configured, but "
+                            "enable_metrics is not True!"
+                        )
+                    )
                 else:
-                    _base.listen_metrics(listener["bind_addresses"],
-                                         listener["port"])
+                    _base.listen_metrics(listener["bind_addresses"], listener["port"])
             else:
                 logger.warn("Unrecognized listener type: %s", listener["type"])
 
@@ -227,9 +224,7 @@ class FrontendProxyServer(HomeServer):
 
 def start(config_options):
     try:
-        config = HomeServerConfig.load_config(
-            "Synapse frontend proxy", config_options
-        )
+        config = HomeServerConfig.load_config("Synapse frontend proxy", config_options)
     except ConfigError as e:
         sys.stderr.write("\n" + str(e) + "\n")
         sys.exit(1)
@@ -258,6 +253,6 @@ def start(config_options):
     _base.start_worker_reactor("synapse-frontend-proxy", config)
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     with LoggingContext("main"):
         start(sys.argv[1:])
diff --git a/synapse/app/homeserver.py b/synapse/app/homeserver.py
index eaf7234ee3..9113d8729c 100755
--- a/synapse/app/homeserver.py
+++ b/synapse/app/homeserver.py
@@ -101,13 +101,12 @@ class SynapseHomeServer(HomeServer):
                     # Skip loading openid resource if federation is defined
                     # since federation resource will include openid
                     continue
-                resources.update(self._configure_named_resource(
-                    name, res.get("compress", False),
-                ))
+                resources.update(
+                    self._configure_named_resource(name, res.get("compress", False))
+                )
 
         additional_resources = listener_config.get("additional_resources", {})
-        logger.debug("Configuring additional resources: %r",
-                     additional_resources)
+        logger.debug("Configuring additional resources: %r", additional_resources)
         module_api = ModuleApi(self, self.get_auth_handler())
         for path, resmodule in additional_resources.items():
             handler_cls, config = load_module(resmodule)
@@ -174,59 +173,67 @@ class SynapseHomeServer(HomeServer):
             if compress:
                 client_resource = gz_wrap(client_resource)
 
-            resources.update({
-                "/_matrix/client/api/v1": client_resource,
-                "/_matrix/client/r0": client_resource,
-                "/_matrix/client/unstable": client_resource,
-                "/_matrix/client/v2_alpha": client_resource,
-                "/_matrix/client/versions": client_resource,
-                "/.well-known/matrix/client": WellKnownResource(self),
-                "/_synapse/admin": AdminRestResource(self),
-            })
+            resources.update(
+                {
+                    "/_matrix/client/api/v1": client_resource,
+                    "/_matrix/client/r0": client_resource,
+                    "/_matrix/client/unstable": client_resource,
+                    "/_matrix/client/v2_alpha": client_resource,
+                    "/_matrix/client/versions": client_resource,
+                    "/.well-known/matrix/client": WellKnownResource(self),
+                    "/_synapse/admin": AdminRestResource(self),
+                }
+            )
 
             if self.get_config().saml2_enabled:
                 from synapse.rest.saml2 import SAML2Resource
+
                 resources["/_matrix/saml2"] = SAML2Resource(self)
 
         if name == "consent":
             from synapse.rest.consent.consent_resource import ConsentResource
+
             consent_resource = ConsentResource(self)
             if compress:
                 consent_resource = gz_wrap(consent_resource)
-            resources.update({
-                "/_matrix/consent": consent_resource,
-            })
+            resources.update({"/_matrix/consent": consent_resource})
 
         if name == "federation":
-            resources.update({
-                FEDERATION_PREFIX: TransportLayerServer(self),
-            })
+            resources.update({FEDERATION_PREFIX: TransportLayerServer(self)})
 
         if name == "openid":
-            resources.update({
-                FEDERATION_PREFIX: TransportLayerServer(self, servlet_groups=["openid"]),
-            })
+            resources.update(
+                {
+                    FEDERATION_PREFIX: TransportLayerServer(
+                        self, servlet_groups=["openid"]
+                    )
+                }
+            )
 
         if name in ["static", "client"]:
-            resources.update({
-                STATIC_PREFIX: File(
-                    os.path.join(os.path.dirname(synapse.__file__), "static")
-                ),
-            })
+            resources.update(
+                {
+                    STATIC_PREFIX: File(
+                        os.path.join(os.path.dirname(synapse.__file__), "static")
+                    )
+                }
+            )
 
         if name in ["media", "federation", "client"]:
             if self.get_config().enable_media_repo:
                 media_repo = self.get_media_repository_resource()
-                resources.update({
-                    MEDIA_PREFIX: media_repo,
-                    LEGACY_MEDIA_PREFIX: media_repo,
-                    CONTENT_REPO_PREFIX: ContentRepoResource(
-                        self, self.config.uploads_path
-                    ),
-                })
+                resources.update(
+                    {
+                        MEDIA_PREFIX: media_repo,
+                        LEGACY_MEDIA_PREFIX: media_repo,
+                        CONTENT_REPO_PREFIX: ContentRepoResource(
+                            self, self.config.uploads_path
+                        ),
+                    }
+                )
             elif name == "media":
                 raise ConfigError(
-                    "'media' resource conflicts with enable_media_repo=False",
+                    "'media' resource conflicts with enable_media_repo=False"
                 )
 
         if name in ["keys", "federation"]:
@@ -257,18 +264,14 @@ class SynapseHomeServer(HomeServer):
 
         for listener in listeners:
             if listener["type"] == "http":
-                self._listening_services.extend(
-                    self._listener_http(config, listener)
-                )
+                self._listening_services.extend(self._listener_http(config, listener))
             elif listener["type"] == "manhole":
                 listen_tcp(
                     listener["bind_addresses"],
                     listener["port"],
                     manhole(
-                        username="matrix",
-                        password="rabbithole",
-                        globals={"hs": self},
-                    )
+                        username="matrix", password="rabbithole", globals={"hs": self}
+                    ),
                 )
             elif listener["type"] == "replication":
                 services = listen_tcp(
@@ -277,16 +280,17 @@ class SynapseHomeServer(HomeServer):
                     ReplicationStreamProtocolFactory(self),
                 )
                 for s in services:
-                    reactor.addSystemEventTrigger(
-                        "before", "shutdown", s.stopListening,
-                    )
+                    reactor.addSystemEventTrigger("before", "shutdown", s.stopListening)
             elif listener["type"] == "metrics":
                 if not self.get_config().enable_metrics:
-                    logger.warn(("Metrics listener configured, but "
-                                 "enable_metrics is not True!"))
+                    logger.warn(
+                        (
+                            "Metrics listener configured, but "
+                            "enable_metrics is not True!"
+                        )
+                    )
                 else:
-                    _base.listen_metrics(listener["bind_addresses"],
-                                         listener["port"])
+                    _base.listen_metrics(listener["bind_addresses"], listener["port"])
             else:
                 logger.warn("Unrecognized listener type: %s", listener["type"])
 
@@ -312,7 +316,7 @@ current_mau_gauge = Gauge("synapse_admin_mau:current", "Current MAU")
 max_mau_gauge = Gauge("synapse_admin_mau:max", "MAU Limit")
 registered_reserved_users_mau_gauge = Gauge(
     "synapse_admin_mau:registered_reserved_users",
-    "Registered users with reserved threepids"
+    "Registered users with reserved threepids",
 )
 
 
@@ -327,8 +331,7 @@ def setup(config_options):
     """
     try:
         config = HomeServerConfig.load_or_generate_config(
-            "Synapse Homeserver",
-            config_options,
+            "Synapse Homeserver", config_options
         )
     except ConfigError as e:
         sys.stderr.write("\n" + str(e) + "\n")
@@ -339,10 +342,7 @@ def setup(config_options):
         # generating config files and shouldn't try to continue.
         sys.exit(0)
 
-    synapse.config.logger.setup_logging(
-        config,
-        use_worker_options=False
-    )
+    synapse.config.logger.setup_logging(config, use_worker_options=False)
 
     events.USE_FROZEN_DICTS = config.use_frozen_dicts
 
@@ -357,7 +357,7 @@ def setup(config_options):
         database_engine=database_engine,
     )
 
-    logger.info("Preparing database: %s...", config.database_config['name'])
+    logger.info("Preparing database: %s...", config.database_config["name"])
 
     try:
         with hs.get_db_conn(run_new_connection=False) as db_conn:
@@ -375,7 +375,7 @@ def setup(config_options):
         )
         sys.exit(1)
 
-    logger.info("Database prepared in %s.", config.database_config['name'])
+    logger.info("Database prepared in %s.", config.database_config["name"])
 
     hs.setup()
     hs.setup_master()
@@ -391,9 +391,7 @@ def setup(config_options):
         acme = hs.get_acme_handler()
 
         # Check how long the certificate is active for.
-        cert_days_remaining = hs.config.is_disk_cert_valid(
-            allow_self_signed=False
-        )
+        cert_days_remaining = hs.config.is_disk_cert_valid(allow_self_signed=False)
 
         # We want to reprovision if cert_days_remaining is None (meaning no
         # certificate exists), or the days remaining number it returns
@@ -401,8 +399,8 @@ def setup(config_options):
         provision = False
 
         if (
-            cert_days_remaining is None or
-            cert_days_remaining < hs.config.acme_reprovision_threshold
+            cert_days_remaining is None
+            or cert_days_remaining < hs.config.acme_reprovision_threshold
         ):
             provision = True
 
@@ -433,10 +431,7 @@ def setup(config_options):
                 yield do_acme()
 
                 # Check if it needs to be reprovisioned every day.
-                hs.get_clock().looping_call(
-                    reprovision_acme,
-                    24 * 60 * 60 * 1000
-                )
+                hs.get_clock().looping_call(reprovision_acme, 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000)
 
             _base.start(hs, config.listeners)
 
@@ -463,6 +458,7 @@ class SynapseService(service.Service):
     A twisted Service class that will start synapse. Used to run synapse
     via twistd and a .tac.
     """
+
     def __init__(self, config):
         self.config = config
 
@@ -479,6 +475,7 @@ class SynapseService(service.Service):
 def run(hs):
     PROFILE_SYNAPSE = False
     if PROFILE_SYNAPSE:
+
         def profile(func):
             from cProfile import Profile
             from threading import current_thread
@@ -489,13 +486,14 @@ def run(hs):
                 func(*args, **kargs)
                 profile.disable()
                 ident = current_thread().ident
-                profile.dump_stats("/tmp/%s.%s.%i.pstat" % (
-                    hs.hostname, func.__name__, ident
-                ))
+                profile.dump_stats(
+                    "/tmp/%s.%s.%i.pstat" % (hs.hostname, func.__name__, ident)
+                )
 
             return profiled
 
         from twisted.python.threadpool import ThreadPool
+
         ThreadPool._worker = profile(ThreadPool._worker)
         reactor.run = profile(reactor.run)
 
@@ -541,7 +539,9 @@ def run(hs):
 
         stats["daily_active_users"] = yield hs.get_datastore().count_daily_users()
         stats["monthly_active_users"] = yield hs.get_datastore().count_monthly_users()
-        stats["daily_active_rooms"] = yield hs.get_datastore().count_daily_active_rooms()
+        stats[
+            "daily_active_rooms"
+        ] = yield hs.get_datastore().count_daily_active_rooms()
         stats["daily_messages"] = yield hs.get_datastore().count_daily_messages()
 
         r30_results = yield hs.get_datastore().count_r30_users()
@@ -580,14 +580,11 @@ def run(hs):
             logger.info("report_stats can use psutil")
             stats_process.append(process)
         except (AttributeError):
-            logger.warning(
-                "Unable to read memory/cpu stats. Disabling reporting."
-            )
+            logger.warning("Unable to read memory/cpu stats. Disabling reporting.")
 
     def generate_user_daily_visit_stats():
         return run_as_background_process(
-            "generate_user_daily_visits",
-            hs.get_datastore().generate_user_daily_visits,
+            "generate_user_daily_visits", hs.get_datastore().generate_user_daily_visits
         )
 
     # Rather than update on per session basis, batch up the requests.
@@ -598,9 +595,9 @@ def run(hs):
     # monthly active user limiting functionality
     def reap_monthly_active_users():
         return run_as_background_process(
-            "reap_monthly_active_users",
-            hs.get_datastore().reap_monthly_active_users,
+            "reap_monthly_active_users", hs.get_datastore().reap_monthly_active_users
         )
+
     clock.looping_call(reap_monthly_active_users, 1000 * 60 * 60)
     reap_monthly_active_users()
 
@@ -618,8 +615,7 @@ def run(hs):
 
     def start_generate_monthly_active_users():
         return run_as_background_process(
-            "generate_monthly_active_users",
-            generate_monthly_active_users,
+            "generate_monthly_active_users", generate_monthly_active_users
         )
 
     start_generate_monthly_active_users()
@@ -659,5 +655,5 @@ def main():
         run(hs)
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     main()
diff --git a/synapse/app/media_repository.py b/synapse/app/media_repository.py
index d4cc4e9443..cf0e2036c3 100644
--- a/synapse/app/media_repository.py
+++ b/synapse/app/media_repository.py
@@ -72,13 +72,15 @@ class MediaRepositoryServer(HomeServer):
                     resources[METRICS_PREFIX] = MetricsResource(RegistryProxy)
                 elif name == "media":
                     media_repo = self.get_media_repository_resource()
-                    resources.update({
-                        MEDIA_PREFIX: media_repo,
-                        LEGACY_MEDIA_PREFIX: media_repo,
-                        CONTENT_REPO_PREFIX: ContentRepoResource(
-                            self, self.config.uploads_path
-                        ),
-                    })
+                    resources.update(
+                        {
+                            MEDIA_PREFIX: media_repo,
+                            LEGACY_MEDIA_PREFIX: media_repo,
+                            CONTENT_REPO_PREFIX: ContentRepoResource(
+                                self, self.config.uploads_path
+                            ),
+                        }
+                    )
 
         root_resource = create_resource_tree(resources, NoResource())
 
@@ -91,7 +93,7 @@ class MediaRepositoryServer(HomeServer):
                 listener_config,
                 root_resource,
                 self.version_string,
-            )
+            ),
         )
 
         logger.info("Synapse media repository now listening on port %d", port)
@@ -105,18 +107,19 @@ class MediaRepositoryServer(HomeServer):
                     listener["bind_addresses"],
                     listener["port"],
                     manhole(
-                        username="matrix",
-                        password="rabbithole",
-                        globals={"hs": self},
-                    )
+                        username="matrix", password="rabbithole", globals={"hs": self}
+                    ),
                 )
             elif listener["type"] == "metrics":
                 if not self.get_config().enable_metrics:
-                    logger.warn(("Metrics listener configured, but "
-                                 "enable_metrics is not True!"))
+                    logger.warn(
+                        (
+                            "Metrics listener configured, but "
+                            "enable_metrics is not True!"
+                        )
+                    )
                 else:
-                    _base.listen_metrics(listener["bind_addresses"],
-                                         listener["port"])
+                    _base.listen_metrics(listener["bind_addresses"], listener["port"])
             else:
                 logger.warn("Unrecognized listener type: %s", listener["type"])
 
@@ -164,6 +167,6 @@ def start(config_options):
     _base.start_worker_reactor("synapse-media-repository", config)
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     with LoggingContext("main"):
         start(sys.argv[1:])
diff --git a/synapse/app/pusher.py b/synapse/app/pusher.py
index cbf0d67f51..df29ea5ecb 100644
--- a/synapse/app/pusher.py
+++ b/synapse/app/pusher.py
@@ -46,36 +46,27 @@ logger = logging.getLogger("synapse.app.pusher")
 
 
 class PusherSlaveStore(
-    SlavedEventStore, SlavedPusherStore, SlavedReceiptsStore,
-    SlavedAccountDataStore
+    SlavedEventStore, SlavedPusherStore, SlavedReceiptsStore, SlavedAccountDataStore
 ):
-    update_pusher_last_stream_ordering_and_success = (
-        __func__(DataStore.update_pusher_last_stream_ordering_and_success)
+    update_pusher_last_stream_ordering_and_success = __func__(
+        DataStore.update_pusher_last_stream_ordering_and_success
     )
 
-    update_pusher_failing_since = (
-        __func__(DataStore.update_pusher_failing_since)
-    )
+    update_pusher_failing_since = __func__(DataStore.update_pusher_failing_since)
 
-    update_pusher_last_stream_ordering = (
-        __func__(DataStore.update_pusher_last_stream_ordering)
+    update_pusher_last_stream_ordering = __func__(
+        DataStore.update_pusher_last_stream_ordering
     )
 
-    get_throttle_params_by_room = (
-        __func__(DataStore.get_throttle_params_by_room)
-    )
+    get_throttle_params_by_room = __func__(DataStore.get_throttle_params_by_room)
 
-    set_throttle_params = (
-        __func__(DataStore.set_throttle_params)
-    )
+    set_throttle_params = __func__(DataStore.set_throttle_params)
 
-    get_time_of_last_push_action_before = (
-        __func__(DataStore.get_time_of_last_push_action_before)
+    get_time_of_last_push_action_before = __func__(
+        DataStore.get_time_of_last_push_action_before
     )
 
-    get_profile_displayname = (
-        __func__(DataStore.get_profile_displayname)
-    )
+    get_profile_displayname = __func__(DataStore.get_profile_displayname)
 
 
 class PusherServer(HomeServer):
@@ -105,7 +96,7 @@ class PusherServer(HomeServer):
                 listener_config,
                 root_resource,
                 self.version_string,
-            )
+            ),
         )
 
         logger.info("Synapse pusher now listening on port %d", port)
@@ -119,18 +110,19 @@ class PusherServer(HomeServer):
                     listener["bind_addresses"],
                     listener["port"],
                     manhole(
-                        username="matrix",
-                        password="rabbithole",
-                        globals={"hs": self},
-                    )
+                        username="matrix", password="rabbithole", globals={"hs": self}
+                    ),
                 )
             elif listener["type"] == "metrics":
                 if not self.get_config().enable_metrics:
-                    logger.warn(("Metrics listener configured, but "
-                                 "enable_metrics is not True!"))
+                    logger.warn(
+                        (
+                            "Metrics listener configured, but "
+                            "enable_metrics is not True!"
+                        )
+                    )
                 else:
-                    _base.listen_metrics(listener["bind_addresses"],
-                                         listener["port"])
+                    _base.listen_metrics(listener["bind_addresses"], listener["port"])
             else:
                 logger.warn("Unrecognized listener type: %s", listener["type"])
 
@@ -161,9 +153,7 @@ class PusherReplicationHandler(ReplicationClientHandler):
                     else:
                         yield self.start_pusher(row.user_id, row.app_id, row.pushkey)
             elif stream_name == "events":
-                yield self.pusher_pool.on_new_notifications(
-                    token, token,
-                )
+                yield self.pusher_pool.on_new_notifications(token, token)
             elif stream_name == "receipts":
                 yield self.pusher_pool.on_new_receipts(
                     token, token, set(row.room_id for row in rows)
@@ -188,9 +178,7 @@ class PusherReplicationHandler(ReplicationClientHandler):
 
 def start(config_options):
     try:
-        config = HomeServerConfig.load_config(
-            "Synapse pusher", config_options
-        )
+        config = HomeServerConfig.load_config("Synapse pusher", config_options)
     except ConfigError as e:
         sys.stderr.write("\n" + str(e) + "\n")
         sys.exit(1)
@@ -234,6 +222,6 @@ def start(config_options):
     _base.start_worker_reactor("synapse-pusher", config)
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     with LoggingContext("main"):
         ps = start(sys.argv[1:])
diff --git a/synapse/app/synchrotron.py b/synapse/app/synchrotron.py
index 5388def28a..858949910d 100644
--- a/synapse/app/synchrotron.py
+++ b/synapse/app/synchrotron.py
@@ -98,10 +98,7 @@ class SynchrotronPresence(object):
         self.notifier = hs.get_notifier()
 
         active_presence = self.store.take_presence_startup_info()
-        self.user_to_current_state = {
-            state.user_id: state
-            for state in active_presence
-        }
+        self.user_to_current_state = {state.user_id: state for state in active_presence}
 
         # user_id -> last_sync_ms. Lists the users that have stopped syncing
         # but we haven't notified the master of that yet
@@ -196,17 +193,26 @@ class SynchrotronPresence(object):
         room_ids_to_states, users_to_states = parties
 
         self.notifier.on_new_event(
-            "presence_key", stream_id, rooms=room_ids_to_states.keys(),
-            users=users_to_states.keys()
+            "presence_key",
+            stream_id,
+            rooms=room_ids_to_states.keys(),
+            users=users_to_states.keys(),
         )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def process_replication_rows(self, token, rows):
-        states = [UserPresenceState(
-            row.user_id, row.state, row.last_active_ts,
-            row.last_federation_update_ts, row.last_user_sync_ts, row.status_msg,
-            row.currently_active
-        ) for row in rows]
+        states = [
+            UserPresenceState(
+                row.user_id,
+                row.state,
+                row.last_active_ts,
+                row.last_federation_update_ts,
+                row.last_user_sync_ts,
+                row.status_msg,
+                row.currently_active,
+            )
+            for row in rows
+        ]
 
         for state in states:
             self.user_to_current_state[state.user_id] = state
@@ -217,7 +223,8 @@ class SynchrotronPresence(object):
     def get_currently_syncing_users(self):
         if self.hs.config.use_presence:
             return [
-                user_id for user_id, count in iteritems(self.user_to_num_current_syncs)
+                user_id
+                for user_id, count in iteritems(self.user_to_num_current_syncs)
                 if count > 0
             ]
         else:
@@ -281,12 +288,14 @@ class SynchrotronServer(HomeServer):
                     events.register_servlets(self, resource)
                     InitialSyncRestServlet(self).register(resource)
                     RoomInitialSyncRestServlet(self).register(resource)
-                    resources.update({
-                        "/_matrix/client/r0": resource,
-                        "/_matrix/client/unstable": resource,
-                        "/_matrix/client/v2_alpha": resource,
-                        "/_matrix/client/api/v1": resource,
-                    })
+                    resources.update(
+                        {
+                            "/_matrix/client/r0": resource,
+                            "/_matrix/client/unstable": resource,
+                            "/_matrix/client/v2_alpha": resource,
+                            "/_matrix/client/api/v1": resource,
+                        }
+                    )
 
         root_resource = create_resource_tree(resources, NoResource())
 
@@ -299,7 +308,7 @@ class SynchrotronServer(HomeServer):
                 listener_config,
                 root_resource,
                 self.version_string,
-            )
+            ),
         )
 
         logger.info("Synapse synchrotron now listening on port %d", port)
@@ -313,18 +322,19 @@ class SynchrotronServer(HomeServer):
                     listener["bind_addresses"],
                     listener["port"],
                     manhole(
-                        username="matrix",
-                        password="rabbithole",
-                        globals={"hs": self},
-                    )
+                        username="matrix", password="rabbithole", globals={"hs": self}
+                    ),
                 )
             elif listener["type"] == "metrics":
                 if not self.get_config().enable_metrics:
-                    logger.warn(("Metrics listener configured, but "
-                                 "enable_metrics is not True!"))
+                    logger.warn(
+                        (
+                            "Metrics listener configured, but "
+                            "enable_metrics is not True!"
+                        )
+                    )
                 else:
-                    _base.listen_metrics(listener["bind_addresses"],
-                                         listener["port"])
+                    _base.listen_metrics(listener["bind_addresses"], listener["port"])
             else:
                 logger.warn("Unrecognized listener type: %s", listener["type"])
 
@@ -382,40 +392,36 @@ class SyncReplicationHandler(ReplicationClientHandler):
                     )
             elif stream_name == "push_rules":
                 self.notifier.on_new_event(
-                    "push_rules_key", token, users=[row.user_id for row in rows],
+                    "push_rules_key", token, users=[row.user_id for row in rows]
                 )
-            elif stream_name in ("account_data", "tag_account_data",):
+            elif stream_name in ("account_data", "tag_account_data"):
                 self.notifier.on_new_event(
-                    "account_data_key", token, users=[row.user_id for row in rows],
+                    "account_data_key", token, users=[row.user_id for row in rows]
                 )
             elif stream_name == "receipts":
                 self.notifier.on_new_event(
-                    "receipt_key", token, rooms=[row.room_id for row in rows],
+                    "receipt_key", token, rooms=[row.room_id for row in rows]
                 )
             elif stream_name == "typing":
                 self.typing_handler.process_replication_rows(token, rows)
                 self.notifier.on_new_event(
-                    "typing_key", token, rooms=[row.room_id for row in rows],
+                    "typing_key", token, rooms=[row.room_id for row in rows]
                 )
             elif stream_name == "to_device":
                 entities = [row.entity for row in rows if row.entity.startswith("@")]
                 if entities:
-                    self.notifier.on_new_event(
-                        "to_device_key", token, users=entities,
-                    )
+                    self.notifier.on_new_event("to_device_key", token, users=entities)
             elif stream_name == "device_lists":
                 all_room_ids = set()
                 for row in rows:
                     room_ids = yield self.store.get_rooms_for_user(row.user_id)
                     all_room_ids.update(room_ids)
-                self.notifier.on_new_event(
-                    "device_list_key", token, rooms=all_room_ids,
-                )
+                self.notifier.on_new_event("device_list_key", token, rooms=all_room_ids)
             elif stream_name == "presence":
                 yield self.presence_handler.process_replication_rows(token, rows)
             elif stream_name == "receipts":
                 self.notifier.on_new_event(
-                    "groups_key", token, users=[row.user_id for row in rows],
+                    "groups_key", token, users=[row.user_id for row in rows]
                 )
         except Exception:
             logger.exception("Error processing replication")
@@ -423,9 +429,7 @@ class SyncReplicationHandler(ReplicationClientHandler):
 
 def start(config_options):
     try:
-        config = HomeServerConfig.load_config(
-            "Synapse synchrotron", config_options
-        )
+        config = HomeServerConfig.load_config("Synapse synchrotron", config_options)
     except ConfigError as e:
         sys.stderr.write("\n" + str(e) + "\n")
         sys.exit(1)
@@ -453,6 +457,6 @@ def start(config_options):
     _base.start_worker_reactor("synapse-synchrotron", config)
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     with LoggingContext("main"):
         start(sys.argv[1:])
diff --git a/synapse/app/user_dir.py b/synapse/app/user_dir.py
index 355f5aa71d..2d9d2e1bbc 100644
--- a/synapse/app/user_dir.py
+++ b/synapse/app/user_dir.py
@@ -66,14 +66,16 @@ class UserDirectorySlaveStore(
 
         events_max = self._stream_id_gen.get_current_token()
         curr_state_delta_prefill, min_curr_state_delta_id = self._get_cache_dict(
-            db_conn, "current_state_delta_stream",
+            db_conn,
+            "current_state_delta_stream",
             entity_column="room_id",
             stream_column="stream_id",
             max_value=events_max,  # As we share the stream id with events token
             limit=1000,
         )
         self._curr_state_delta_stream_cache = StreamChangeCache(
-            "_curr_state_delta_stream_cache", min_curr_state_delta_id,
+            "_curr_state_delta_stream_cache",
+            min_curr_state_delta_id,
             prefilled_cache=curr_state_delta_prefill,
         )
 
@@ -110,12 +112,14 @@ class UserDirectoryServer(HomeServer):
                 elif name == "client":
                     resource = JsonResource(self, canonical_json=False)
                     user_directory.register_servlets(self, resource)
-                    resources.update({
-                        "/_matrix/client/r0": resource,
-                        "/_matrix/client/unstable": resource,
-                        "/_matrix/client/v2_alpha": resource,
-                        "/_matrix/client/api/v1": resource,
-                    })
+                    resources.update(
+                        {
+                            "/_matrix/client/r0": resource,
+                            "/_matrix/client/unstable": resource,
+                            "/_matrix/client/v2_alpha": resource,
+                            "/_matrix/client/api/v1": resource,
+                        }
+                    )
 
         root_resource = create_resource_tree(resources, NoResource())
 
@@ -128,7 +132,7 @@ class UserDirectoryServer(HomeServer):
                 listener_config,
                 root_resource,
                 self.version_string,
-            )
+            ),
         )
 
         logger.info("Synapse user_dir now listening on port %d", port)
@@ -142,18 +146,19 @@ class UserDirectoryServer(HomeServer):
                     listener["bind_addresses"],
                     listener["port"],
                     manhole(
-                        username="matrix",
-                        password="rabbithole",
-                        globals={"hs": self},
-                    )
+                        username="matrix", password="rabbithole", globals={"hs": self}
+                    ),
                 )
             elif listener["type"] == "metrics":
                 if not self.get_config().enable_metrics:
-                    logger.warn(("Metrics listener configured, but "
-                                 "enable_metrics is not True!"))
+                    logger.warn(
+                        (
+                            "Metrics listener configured, but "
+                            "enable_metrics is not True!"
+                        )
+                    )
                 else:
-                    _base.listen_metrics(listener["bind_addresses"],
-                                         listener["port"])
+                    _base.listen_metrics(listener["bind_addresses"], listener["port"])
             else:
                 logger.warn("Unrecognized listener type: %s", listener["type"])
 
@@ -186,9 +191,7 @@ class UserDirectoryReplicationHandler(ReplicationClientHandler):
 
 def start(config_options):
     try:
-        config = HomeServerConfig.load_config(
-            "Synapse user directory", config_options
-        )
+        config = HomeServerConfig.load_config("Synapse user directory", config_options)
     except ConfigError as e:
         sys.stderr.write("\n" + str(e) + "\n")
         sys.exit(1)
@@ -227,6 +230,6 @@ def start(config_options):
     _base.start_worker_reactor("synapse-user-dir", config)
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     with LoggingContext("main"):
         start(sys.argv[1:])
diff --git a/synapse/appservice/__init__.py b/synapse/appservice/__init__.py
index c58f83d268..8885d1f131 100644
--- a/synapse/appservice/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/appservice/__init__.py
@@ -48,9 +48,7 @@ class AppServiceTransaction(object):
             A Deferred which resolves to True if the transaction was sent.
         """
         return as_api.push_bulk(
-            service=self.service,
-            events=self.events,
-            txn_id=self.id
+            service=self.service, events=self.events, txn_id=self.id
         )
 
     def complete(self, store):
@@ -64,10 +62,7 @@ class AppServiceTransaction(object):
         Returns:
             A Deferred which resolves to True if the transaction was completed.
         """
-        return store.complete_appservice_txn(
-            service=self.service,
-            txn_id=self.id
-        )
+        return store.complete_appservice_txn(service=self.service, txn_id=self.id)
 
 
 class ApplicationService(object):
@@ -76,6 +71,7 @@ class ApplicationService(object):
 
     Provides methods to check if this service is "interested" in events.
     """
+
     NS_USERS = "users"
     NS_ALIASES = "aliases"
     NS_ROOMS = "rooms"
@@ -84,9 +80,19 @@ class ApplicationService(object):
     # values.
     NS_LIST = [NS_USERS, NS_ALIASES, NS_ROOMS]
 
-    def __init__(self, token, hostname, url=None, namespaces=None, hs_token=None,
-                 sender=None, id=None, protocols=None, rate_limited=True,
-                 ip_range_whitelist=None):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        token,
+        hostname,
+        url=None,
+        namespaces=None,
+        hs_token=None,
+        sender=None,
+        id=None,
+        protocols=None,
+        rate_limited=True,
+        ip_range_whitelist=None,
+    ):
         self.token = token
         self.url = url
         self.hs_token = hs_token
@@ -128,9 +134,7 @@ class ApplicationService(object):
                 if not isinstance(regex_obj, dict):
                     raise ValueError("Expected dict regex for ns '%s'" % ns)
                 if not isinstance(regex_obj.get("exclusive"), bool):
-                    raise ValueError(
-                        "Expected bool for 'exclusive' in ns '%s'" % ns
-                    )
+                    raise ValueError("Expected bool for 'exclusive' in ns '%s'" % ns)
                 group_id = regex_obj.get("group_id")
                 if group_id:
                     if not isinstance(group_id, str):
@@ -153,9 +157,7 @@ class ApplicationService(object):
                 if isinstance(regex, string_types):
                     regex_obj["regex"] = re.compile(regex)  # Pre-compile regex
                 else:
-                    raise ValueError(
-                        "Expected string for 'regex' in ns '%s'" % ns
-                    )
+                    raise ValueError("Expected string for 'regex' in ns '%s'" % ns)
         return namespaces
 
     def _matches_regex(self, test_string, namespace_key):
@@ -178,8 +180,9 @@ class ApplicationService(object):
         if self.is_interested_in_user(event.sender):
             defer.returnValue(True)
         # also check m.room.member state key
-        if (event.type == EventTypes.Member and
-                self.is_interested_in_user(event.state_key)):
+        if event.type == EventTypes.Member and self.is_interested_in_user(
+            event.state_key
+        ):
             defer.returnValue(True)
 
         if not store:
diff --git a/synapse/appservice/api.py b/synapse/appservice/api.py
index 9ccc5a80fc..571881775b 100644
--- a/synapse/appservice/api.py
+++ b/synapse/appservice/api.py
@@ -32,19 +32,17 @@ logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 sent_transactions_counter = Counter(
     "synapse_appservice_api_sent_transactions",
     "Number of /transactions/ requests sent",
-    ["service"]
+    ["service"],
 )
 
 failed_transactions_counter = Counter(
     "synapse_appservice_api_failed_transactions",
     "Number of /transactions/ requests that failed to send",
-    ["service"]
+    ["service"],
 )
 
 sent_events_counter = Counter(
-    "synapse_appservice_api_sent_events",
-    "Number of events sent to the AS",
-    ["service"]
+    "synapse_appservice_api_sent_events", "Number of events sent to the AS", ["service"]
 )
 
 HOUR_IN_MS = 60 * 60 * 1000
@@ -92,8 +90,9 @@ class ApplicationServiceApi(SimpleHttpClient):
         super(ApplicationServiceApi, self).__init__(hs)
         self.clock = hs.get_clock()
 
-        self.protocol_meta_cache = ResponseCache(hs, "as_protocol_meta",
-                                                 timeout_ms=HOUR_IN_MS)
+        self.protocol_meta_cache = ResponseCache(
+            hs, "as_protocol_meta", timeout_ms=HOUR_IN_MS
+        )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def query_user(self, service, user_id):
@@ -102,9 +101,7 @@ class ApplicationServiceApi(SimpleHttpClient):
         uri = service.url + ("/users/%s" % urllib.parse.quote(user_id))
         response = None
         try:
-            response = yield self.get_json(uri, {
-                "access_token": service.hs_token
-            })
+            response = yield self.get_json(uri, {"access_token": service.hs_token})
             if response is not None:  # just an empty json object
                 defer.returnValue(True)
         except CodeMessageException as e:
@@ -123,9 +120,7 @@ class ApplicationServiceApi(SimpleHttpClient):
         uri = service.url + ("/rooms/%s" % urllib.parse.quote(alias))
         response = None
         try:
-            response = yield self.get_json(uri, {
-                "access_token": service.hs_token
-            })
+            response = yield self.get_json(uri, {"access_token": service.hs_token})
             if response is not None:  # just an empty json object
                 defer.returnValue(True)
         except CodeMessageException as e:
@@ -144,9 +139,7 @@ class ApplicationServiceApi(SimpleHttpClient):
         elif kind == ThirdPartyEntityKind.LOCATION:
             required_field = "alias"
         else:
-            raise ValueError(
-                "Unrecognised 'kind' argument %r to query_3pe()", kind
-            )
+            raise ValueError("Unrecognised 'kind' argument %r to query_3pe()", kind)
         if service.url is None:
             defer.returnValue([])
 
@@ -154,14 +147,13 @@ class ApplicationServiceApi(SimpleHttpClient):
             service.url,
             APP_SERVICE_PREFIX,
             kind,
-            urllib.parse.quote(protocol)
+            urllib.parse.quote(protocol),
         )
         try:
             response = yield self.get_json(uri, fields)
             if not isinstance(response, list):
                 logger.warning(
-                    "query_3pe to %s returned an invalid response %r",
-                    uri, response
+                    "query_3pe to %s returned an invalid response %r", uri, response
                 )
                 defer.returnValue([])
 
@@ -171,8 +163,7 @@ class ApplicationServiceApi(SimpleHttpClient):
                     ret.append(r)
                 else:
                     logger.warning(
-                        "query_3pe to %s returned an invalid result %r",
-                        uri, r
+                        "query_3pe to %s returned an invalid result %r", uri, r
                     )
 
             defer.returnValue(ret)
@@ -189,27 +180,27 @@ class ApplicationServiceApi(SimpleHttpClient):
             uri = "%s%s/thirdparty/protocol/%s" % (
                 service.url,
                 APP_SERVICE_PREFIX,
-                urllib.parse.quote(protocol)
+                urllib.parse.quote(protocol),
             )
             try:
                 info = yield self.get_json(uri, {})
 
                 if not _is_valid_3pe_metadata(info):
-                    logger.warning("query_3pe_protocol to %s did not return a"
-                                   " valid result", uri)
+                    logger.warning(
+                        "query_3pe_protocol to %s did not return a" " valid result", uri
+                    )
                     defer.returnValue(None)
 
                 for instance in info.get("instances", []):
                     network_id = instance.get("network_id", None)
                     if network_id is not None:
                         instance["instance_id"] = ThirdPartyInstanceID(
-                            service.id, network_id,
+                            service.id, network_id
                         ).to_string()
 
                 defer.returnValue(info)
             except Exception as ex:
-                logger.warning("query_3pe_protocol to %s threw exception %s",
-                               uri, ex)
+                logger.warning("query_3pe_protocol to %s threw exception %s", uri, ex)
                 defer.returnValue(None)
 
         key = (service.id, protocol)
@@ -223,22 +214,19 @@ class ApplicationServiceApi(SimpleHttpClient):
         events = self._serialize(events)
 
         if txn_id is None:
-            logger.warning("push_bulk: Missing txn ID sending events to %s",
-                           service.url)
+            logger.warning(
+                "push_bulk: Missing txn ID sending events to %s", service.url
+            )
             txn_id = str(0)
         txn_id = str(txn_id)
 
-        uri = service.url + ("/transactions/%s" %
-                             urllib.parse.quote(txn_id))
+        uri = service.url + ("/transactions/%s" % urllib.parse.quote(txn_id))
         try:
             yield self.put_json(
                 uri=uri,
-                json_body={
-                    "events": events
-                },
-                args={
-                    "access_token": service.hs_token
-                })
+                json_body={"events": events},
+                args={"access_token": service.hs_token},
+            )
             sent_transactions_counter.labels(service.id).inc()
             sent_events_counter.labels(service.id).inc(len(events))
             defer.returnValue(True)
@@ -252,6 +240,4 @@ class ApplicationServiceApi(SimpleHttpClient):
 
     def _serialize(self, events):
         time_now = self.clock.time_msec()
-        return [
-            serialize_event(e, time_now, as_client_event=True) for e in events
-        ]
+        return [serialize_event(e, time_now, as_client_event=True) for e in events]
diff --git a/synapse/appservice/scheduler.py b/synapse/appservice/scheduler.py
index 685f15c061..b54bf5411f 100644
--- a/synapse/appservice/scheduler.py
+++ b/synapse/appservice/scheduler.py
@@ -112,15 +112,14 @@ class _ServiceQueuer(object):
             return
 
         run_as_background_process(
-            "as-sender-%s" % (service.id, ),
-            self._send_request, service,
+            "as-sender-%s" % (service.id,), self._send_request, service
         )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _send_request(self, service):
         # sanity-check: we shouldn't get here if this service already has a sender
         # running.
-        assert(service.id not in self.requests_in_flight)
+        assert service.id not in self.requests_in_flight
 
         self.requests_in_flight.add(service.id)
         try:
@@ -137,7 +136,6 @@ class _ServiceQueuer(object):
 
 
 class _TransactionController(object):
-
     def __init__(self, clock, store, as_api, recoverer_fn):
         self.clock = clock
         self.store = store
@@ -149,10 +147,7 @@ class _TransactionController(object):
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def send(self, service, events):
         try:
-            txn = yield self.store.create_appservice_txn(
-                service=service,
-                events=events
-            )
+            txn = yield self.store.create_appservice_txn(service=service, events=events)
             service_is_up = yield self._is_service_up(service)
             if service_is_up:
                 sent = yield txn.send(self.as_api)
@@ -167,12 +162,12 @@ class _TransactionController(object):
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_recovered(self, recoverer):
         self.recoverers.remove(recoverer)
-        logger.info("Successfully recovered application service AS ID %s",
-                    recoverer.service.id)
+        logger.info(
+            "Successfully recovered application service AS ID %s", recoverer.service.id
+        )
         logger.info("Remaining active recoverers: %s", len(self.recoverers))
         yield self.store.set_appservice_state(
-            recoverer.service,
-            ApplicationServiceState.UP
+            recoverer.service, ApplicationServiceState.UP
         )
 
     def add_recoverers(self, recoverers):
@@ -184,13 +179,10 @@ class _TransactionController(object):
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _start_recoverer(self, service):
         try:
-            yield self.store.set_appservice_state(
-                service,
-                ApplicationServiceState.DOWN
-            )
+            yield self.store.set_appservice_state(service, ApplicationServiceState.DOWN)
             logger.info(
                 "Application service falling behind. Starting recoverer. AS ID %s",
-                service.id
+                service.id,
             )
             recoverer = self.recoverer_fn(service, self.on_recovered)
             self.add_recoverers([recoverer])
@@ -205,19 +197,16 @@ class _TransactionController(object):
 
 
 class _Recoverer(object):
-
     @staticmethod
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def start(clock, store, as_api, callback):
-        services = yield store.get_appservices_by_state(
-            ApplicationServiceState.DOWN
-        )
-        recoverers = [
-            _Recoverer(clock, store, as_api, s, callback) for s in services
-        ]
+        services = yield store.get_appservices_by_state(ApplicationServiceState.DOWN)
+        recoverers = [_Recoverer(clock, store, as_api, s, callback) for s in services]
         for r in recoverers:
-            logger.info("Starting recoverer for AS ID %s which was marked as "
-                        "DOWN", r.service.id)
+            logger.info(
+                "Starting recoverer for AS ID %s which was marked as " "DOWN",
+                r.service.id,
+            )
             r.recover()
         defer.returnValue(recoverers)
 
@@ -232,9 +221,9 @@ class _Recoverer(object):
     def recover(self):
         def _retry():
             run_as_background_process(
-                "as-recoverer-%s" % (self.service.id,),
-                self.retry,
+                "as-recoverer-%s" % (self.service.id,), self.retry
             )
+
         self.clock.call_later((2 ** self.backoff_counter), _retry)
 
     def _backoff(self):
@@ -248,8 +237,9 @@ class _Recoverer(object):
         try:
             txn = yield self.store.get_oldest_unsent_txn(self.service)
             if txn:
-                logger.info("Retrying transaction %s for AS ID %s",
-                            txn.id, txn.service.id)
+                logger.info(
+                    "Retrying transaction %s for AS ID %s", txn.id, txn.service.id
+                )
                 sent = yield txn.send(self.as_api)
                 if sent:
                     yield txn.complete(self.store)
diff --git a/synapse/config/_base.py b/synapse/config/_base.py
index bf039e5823..d3396922ae 100644
--- a/synapse/config/_base.py
+++ b/synapse/config/_base.py
@@ -285,8 +285,8 @@ class Config(object):
             if not config_files:
                 config_parser.error(
                     "Must supply a config file.\nA config file can be automatically"
-                    " generated using \"--generate-config -H SERVER_NAME"
-                    " -c CONFIG-FILE\""
+                    ' generated using "--generate-config -H SERVER_NAME'
+                    ' -c CONFIG-FILE"'
                 )
             (config_path,) = config_files
             if not cls.path_exists(config_path):
@@ -314,9 +314,7 @@ class Config(object):
                 if not cls.path_exists(config_dir_path):
                     os.makedirs(config_dir_path)
                 with open(config_path, "w") as config_file:
-                    config_file.write(
-                        "# vim:ft=yaml\n\n"
-                    )
+                    config_file.write("# vim:ft=yaml\n\n")
                     config_file.write(config_str)
 
                 config = yaml.safe_load(config_str)
@@ -353,8 +351,8 @@ class Config(object):
         if not config_files:
             config_parser.error(
                 "Must supply a config file.\nA config file can be automatically"
-                " generated using \"--generate-config -H SERVER_NAME"
-                " -c CONFIG-FILE\""
+                ' generated using "--generate-config -H SERVER_NAME'
+                ' -c CONFIG-FILE"'
             )
 
         obj.read_config_files(
diff --git a/synapse/config/api.py b/synapse/config/api.py
index 5eb4f86fa2..23b0ea6962 100644
--- a/synapse/config/api.py
+++ b/synapse/config/api.py
@@ -18,15 +18,17 @@ from ._base import Config
 
 
 class ApiConfig(Config):
-
     def read_config(self, config):
-        self.room_invite_state_types = config.get("room_invite_state_types", [
-            EventTypes.JoinRules,
-            EventTypes.CanonicalAlias,
-            EventTypes.RoomAvatar,
-            EventTypes.RoomEncryption,
-            EventTypes.Name,
-        ])
+        self.room_invite_state_types = config.get(
+            "room_invite_state_types",
+            [
+                EventTypes.JoinRules,
+                EventTypes.CanonicalAlias,
+                EventTypes.RoomAvatar,
+                EventTypes.RoomEncryption,
+                EventTypes.Name,
+            ],
+        )
 
     def default_config(cls, **kwargs):
         return """\
@@ -40,4 +42,6 @@ class ApiConfig(Config):
         #  - "{RoomAvatar}"
         #  - "{RoomEncryption}"
         #  - "{Name}"
-        """.format(**vars(EventTypes))
+        """.format(
+            **vars(EventTypes)
+        )
diff --git a/synapse/config/appservice.py b/synapse/config/appservice.py
index 7e89d345d8..679ee62480 100644
--- a/synapse/config/appservice.py
+++ b/synapse/config/appservice.py
@@ -29,7 +29,6 @@ logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
 class AppServiceConfig(Config):
-
     def read_config(self, config):
         self.app_service_config_files = config.get("app_service_config_files", [])
         self.notify_appservices = config.get("notify_appservices", True)
@@ -53,9 +52,7 @@ class AppServiceConfig(Config):
 def load_appservices(hostname, config_files):
     """Returns a list of Application Services from the config files."""
     if not isinstance(config_files, list):
-        logger.warning(
-            "Expected %s to be a list of AS config files.", config_files
-        )
+        logger.warning("Expected %s to be a list of AS config files.", config_files)
         return []
 
     # Dicts of value -> filename
@@ -66,22 +63,20 @@ def load_appservices(hostname, config_files):
 
     for config_file in config_files:
         try:
-            with open(config_file, 'r') as f:
-                appservice = _load_appservice(
-                    hostname, yaml.safe_load(f), config_file
-                )
+            with open(config_file, "r") as f:
+                appservice = _load_appservice(hostname, yaml.safe_load(f), config_file)
                 if appservice.id in seen_ids:
                     raise ConfigError(
                         "Cannot reuse ID across application services: "
-                        "%s (files: %s, %s)" % (
-                            appservice.id, config_file, seen_ids[appservice.id],
-                        )
+                        "%s (files: %s, %s)"
+                        % (appservice.id, config_file, seen_ids[appservice.id])
                     )
                 seen_ids[appservice.id] = config_file
                 if appservice.token in seen_as_tokens:
                     raise ConfigError(
                         "Cannot reuse as_token across application services: "
-                        "%s (files: %s, %s)" % (
+                        "%s (files: %s, %s)"
+                        % (
                             appservice.token,
                             config_file,
                             seen_as_tokens[appservice.token],
@@ -98,28 +93,26 @@ def load_appservices(hostname, config_files):
 
 
 def _load_appservice(hostname, as_info, config_filename):
-    required_string_fields = [
-        "id", "as_token", "hs_token", "sender_localpart"
-    ]
+    required_string_fields = ["id", "as_token", "hs_token", "sender_localpart"]
     for field in required_string_fields:
         if not isinstance(as_info.get(field), string_types):
-            raise KeyError("Required string field: '%s' (%s)" % (
-                field, config_filename,
-            ))
+            raise KeyError(
+                "Required string field: '%s' (%s)" % (field, config_filename)
+            )
 
     # 'url' must either be a string or explicitly null, not missing
     # to avoid accidentally turning off push for ASes.
-    if (not isinstance(as_info.get("url"), string_types) and
-            as_info.get("url", "") is not None):
+    if (
+        not isinstance(as_info.get("url"), string_types)
+        and as_info.get("url", "") is not None
+    ):
         raise KeyError(
             "Required string field or explicit null: 'url' (%s)" % (config_filename,)
         )
 
     localpart = as_info["sender_localpart"]
     if urlparse.quote(localpart) != localpart:
-        raise ValueError(
-            "sender_localpart needs characters which are not URL encoded."
-        )
+        raise ValueError("sender_localpart needs characters which are not URL encoded.")
     user = UserID(localpart, hostname)
     user_id = user.to_string()
 
@@ -138,13 +131,12 @@ def _load_appservice(hostname, as_info, config_filename):
             for regex_obj in as_info["namespaces"][ns]:
                 if not isinstance(regex_obj, dict):
                     raise ValueError(
-                        "Expected namespace entry in %s to be an object,"
-                        " but got %s", ns, regex_obj
+                        "Expected namespace entry in %s to be an object," " but got %s",
+                        ns,
+                        regex_obj,
                     )
                 if not isinstance(regex_obj.get("regex"), string_types):
-                    raise ValueError(
-                        "Missing/bad type 'regex' key in %s", regex_obj
-                    )
+                    raise ValueError("Missing/bad type 'regex' key in %s", regex_obj)
                 if not isinstance(regex_obj.get("exclusive"), bool):
                     raise ValueError(
                         "Missing/bad type 'exclusive' key in %s", regex_obj
@@ -167,10 +159,8 @@ def _load_appservice(hostname, as_info, config_filename):
         )
 
     ip_range_whitelist = None
-    if as_info.get('ip_range_whitelist'):
-        ip_range_whitelist = IPSet(
-            as_info.get('ip_range_whitelist')
-        )
+    if as_info.get("ip_range_whitelist"):
+        ip_range_whitelist = IPSet(as_info.get("ip_range_whitelist"))
 
     return ApplicationService(
         token=as_info["as_token"],
diff --git a/synapse/config/captcha.py b/synapse/config/captcha.py
index f7eebf26d2..e2eb473a92 100644
--- a/synapse/config/captcha.py
+++ b/synapse/config/captcha.py
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ from ._base import Config
 
 
 class CaptchaConfig(Config):
-
     def read_config(self, config):
         self.recaptcha_private_key = config.get("recaptcha_private_key")
         self.recaptcha_public_key = config.get("recaptcha_public_key")
diff --git a/synapse/config/consent_config.py b/synapse/config/consent_config.py
index abeb0180d3..5b0bf919c7 100644
--- a/synapse/config/consent_config.py
+++ b/synapse/config/consent_config.py
@@ -89,29 +89,26 @@ class ConsentConfig(Config):
         if consent_config is None:
             return
         self.user_consent_version = str(consent_config["version"])
-        self.user_consent_template_dir = self.abspath(
-            consent_config["template_dir"]
-        )
+        self.user_consent_template_dir = self.abspath(consent_config["template_dir"])
         if not path.isdir(self.user_consent_template_dir):
             raise ConfigError(
-                "Could not find template directory '%s'" % (
-                    self.user_consent_template_dir,
-                ),
+                "Could not find template directory '%s'"
+                % (self.user_consent_template_dir,)
             )
         self.user_consent_server_notice_content = consent_config.get(
-            "server_notice_content",
+            "server_notice_content"
         )
         self.block_events_without_consent_error = consent_config.get(
-            "block_events_error",
+            "block_events_error"
+        )
+        self.user_consent_server_notice_to_guests = bool(
+            consent_config.get("send_server_notice_to_guests", False)
+        )
+        self.user_consent_at_registration = bool(
+            consent_config.get("require_at_registration", False)
         )
-        self.user_consent_server_notice_to_guests = bool(consent_config.get(
-            "send_server_notice_to_guests", False,
-        ))
-        self.user_consent_at_registration = bool(consent_config.get(
-            "require_at_registration", False,
-        ))
         self.user_consent_policy_name = consent_config.get(
-            "policy_name", "Privacy Policy",
+            "policy_name", "Privacy Policy"
         )
 
     def default_config(self, **kwargs):
diff --git a/synapse/config/database.py b/synapse/config/database.py
index 3c27ed6b4a..adc0a47ddf 100644
--- a/synapse/config/database.py
+++ b/synapse/config/database.py
@@ -18,29 +18,21 @@ from ._base import Config
 
 
 class DatabaseConfig(Config):
-
     def read_config(self, config):
-        self.event_cache_size = self.parse_size(
-            config.get("event_cache_size", "10K")
-        )
+        self.event_cache_size = self.parse_size(config.get("event_cache_size", "10K"))
 
         self.database_config = config.get("database")
 
         if self.database_config is None:
-            self.database_config = {
-                "name": "sqlite3",
-                "args": {},
-            }
+            self.database_config = {"name": "sqlite3", "args": {}}
 
         name = self.database_config.get("name", None)
         if name == "psycopg2":
             pass
         elif name == "sqlite3":
-            self.database_config.setdefault("args", {}).update({
-                "cp_min": 1,
-                "cp_max": 1,
-                "check_same_thread": False,
-            })
+            self.database_config.setdefault("args", {}).update(
+                {"cp_min": 1, "cp_max": 1, "check_same_thread": False}
+            )
         else:
             raise RuntimeError("Unsupported database type '%s'" % (name,))
 
@@ -48,7 +40,8 @@ class DatabaseConfig(Config):
 
     def default_config(self, data_dir_path, **kwargs):
         database_path = os.path.join(data_dir_path, "homeserver.db")
-        return """\
+        return (
+            """\
         ## Database ##
 
         database:
@@ -62,7 +55,9 @@ class DatabaseConfig(Config):
         # Number of events to cache in memory.
         #
         #event_cache_size: 10K
-        """ % locals()
+        """
+            % locals()
+        )
 
     def read_arguments(self, args):
         self.set_databasepath(args.database_path)
@@ -77,6 +72,8 @@ class DatabaseConfig(Config):
     def add_arguments(self, parser):
         db_group = parser.add_argument_group("database")
         db_group.add_argument(
-            "-d", "--database-path", metavar="SQLITE_DATABASE_PATH",
-            help="The path to a sqlite database to use."
+            "-d",
+            "--database-path",
+            metavar="SQLITE_DATABASE_PATH",
+            help="The path to a sqlite database to use.",
         )
diff --git a/synapse/config/emailconfig.py b/synapse/config/emailconfig.py
index 86018dfcce..3a6cb07206 100644
--- a/synapse/config/emailconfig.py
+++ b/synapse/config/emailconfig.py
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ class EmailConfig(Config):
         if self.email_notif_from is not None:
             # make sure it's valid
             parsed = email.utils.parseaddr(self.email_notif_from)
-            if parsed[1] == '':
+            if parsed[1] == "":
                 raise RuntimeError("Invalid notif_from address")
 
         template_dir = email_config.get("template_dir")
@@ -65,19 +65,17 @@ class EmailConfig(Config):
         # (Note that loading as package_resources with jinja.PackageLoader doesn't
         # work for the same reason.)
         if not template_dir:
-            template_dir = pkg_resources.resource_filename(
-                'synapse', 'res/templates'
-            )
+            template_dir = pkg_resources.resource_filename("synapse", "res/templates")
 
         self.email_template_dir = os.path.abspath(template_dir)
 
         self.email_enable_notifs = email_config.get("enable_notifs", False)
-        account_validity_renewal_enabled = config.get(
-            "account_validity", {},
-        ).get("renew_at")
+        account_validity_renewal_enabled = config.get("account_validity", {}).get(
+            "renew_at"
+        )
 
         email_trust_identity_server_for_password_resets = email_config.get(
-            "trust_identity_server_for_password_resets", False,
+            "trust_identity_server_for_password_resets", False
         )
         self.email_password_reset_behaviour = (
             "remote" if email_trust_identity_server_for_password_resets else "local"
@@ -103,62 +101,59 @@ class EmailConfig(Config):
             # make sure we can import the required deps
             import jinja2
             import bleach
+
             # prevent unused warnings
             jinja2
             bleach
 
         if self.email_password_reset_behaviour == "local":
-            required = [
-                "smtp_host",
-                "smtp_port",
-                "notif_from",
-            ]
+            required = ["smtp_host", "smtp_port", "notif_from"]
 
             missing = []
             for k in required:
                 if k not in email_config:
                     missing.append(k)
 
-            if (len(missing) > 0):
+            if len(missing) > 0:
                 raise RuntimeError(
                     "email.password_reset_behaviour is set to 'local' "
-                    "but required keys are missing: %s" %
-                    (", ".join(["email." + k for k in missing]),)
+                    "but required keys are missing: %s"
+                    % (", ".join(["email." + k for k in missing]),)
                 )
 
             # Templates for password reset emails
             self.email_password_reset_template_html = email_config.get(
-                "password_reset_template_html", "password_reset.html",
+                "password_reset_template_html", "password_reset.html"
             )
             self.email_password_reset_template_text = email_config.get(
-                "password_reset_template_text", "password_reset.txt",
+                "password_reset_template_text", "password_reset.txt"
             )
             self.email_password_reset_failure_template = email_config.get(
-                "password_reset_failure_template", "password_reset_failure.html",
+                "password_reset_failure_template", "password_reset_failure.html"
             )
             # This template does not support any replaceable variables, so we will
             # read it from the disk once during setup
             email_password_reset_success_template = email_config.get(
-                "password_reset_success_template", "password_reset_success.html",
+                "password_reset_success_template", "password_reset_success.html"
             )
 
             # Check templates exist
-            for f in [self.email_password_reset_template_html,
-                      self.email_password_reset_template_text,
-                      self.email_password_reset_failure_template,
-                      email_password_reset_success_template]:
+            for f in [
+                self.email_password_reset_template_html,
+                self.email_password_reset_template_text,
+                self.email_password_reset_failure_template,
+                email_password_reset_success_template,
+            ]:
                 p = os.path.join(self.email_template_dir, f)
                 if not os.path.isfile(p):
-                    raise ConfigError("Unable to find template file %s" % (p, ))
+                    raise ConfigError("Unable to find template file %s" % (p,))
 
             # Retrieve content of web templates
             filepath = os.path.join(
-                self.email_template_dir,
-                email_password_reset_success_template,
+                self.email_template_dir, email_password_reset_success_template
             )
             self.email_password_reset_success_html_content = self.read_file(
-                filepath,
-                "email.password_reset_template_success_html",
+                filepath, "email.password_reset_template_success_html"
             )
 
             if config.get("public_baseurl") is None:
@@ -182,10 +177,10 @@ class EmailConfig(Config):
                 if k not in email_config:
                     missing.append(k)
 
-            if (len(missing) > 0):
+            if len(missing) > 0:
                 raise RuntimeError(
-                    "email.enable_notifs is True but required keys are missing: %s" %
-                    (", ".join(["email." + k for k in missing]),)
+                    "email.enable_notifs is True but required keys are missing: %s"
+                    % (", ".join(["email." + k for k in missing]),)
                 )
 
             if config.get("public_baseurl") is None:
@@ -199,27 +194,25 @@ class EmailConfig(Config):
             for f in self.email_notif_template_text, self.email_notif_template_html:
                 p = os.path.join(self.email_template_dir, f)
                 if not os.path.isfile(p):
-                    raise ConfigError("Unable to find email template file %s" % (p, ))
+                    raise ConfigError("Unable to find email template file %s" % (p,))
 
             self.email_notif_for_new_users = email_config.get(
                 "notif_for_new_users", True
             )
-            self.email_riot_base_url = email_config.get(
-                "riot_base_url", None
-            )
+            self.email_riot_base_url = email_config.get("riot_base_url", None)
 
         if account_validity_renewal_enabled:
             self.email_expiry_template_html = email_config.get(
-                "expiry_template_html", "notice_expiry.html",
+                "expiry_template_html", "notice_expiry.html"
             )
             self.email_expiry_template_text = email_config.get(
-                "expiry_template_text", "notice_expiry.txt",
+                "expiry_template_text", "notice_expiry.txt"
             )
 
             for f in self.email_expiry_template_text, self.email_expiry_template_html:
                 p = os.path.join(self.email_template_dir, f)
                 if not os.path.isfile(p):
-                    raise ConfigError("Unable to find email template file %s" % (p, ))
+                    raise ConfigError("Unable to find email template file %s" % (p,))
 
     def default_config(self, config_dir_path, server_name, **kwargs):
         return """
diff --git a/synapse/config/jwt_config.py b/synapse/config/jwt_config.py
index ecb4124096..b190dcbe38 100644
--- a/synapse/config/jwt_config.py
+++ b/synapse/config/jwt_config.py
@@ -15,13 +15,11 @@
 
 from ._base import Config, ConfigError
 
-MISSING_JWT = (
-    """Missing jwt library. This is required for jwt login.
+MISSING_JWT = """Missing jwt library. This is required for jwt login.
 
     Install by running:
         pip install pyjwt
     """
-)
 
 
 class JWTConfig(Config):
@@ -34,6 +32,7 @@ class JWTConfig(Config):
 
             try:
                 import jwt
+
                 jwt  # To stop unused lint.
             except ImportError:
                 raise ConfigError(MISSING_JWT)
diff --git a/synapse/config/key.py b/synapse/config/key.py
index 424875feae..94a0f47ea4 100644
--- a/synapse/config/key.py
+++ b/synapse/config/key.py
@@ -348,9 +348,8 @@ def _parse_key_servers(key_servers, federation_verify_certificates):
 
                 result.verify_keys[key_id] = verify_key
 
-        if (
-            not federation_verify_certificates and
-            not server.get("accept_keys_insecurely")
+        if not federation_verify_certificates and not server.get(
+            "accept_keys_insecurely"
         ):
             _assert_keyserver_has_verify_keys(result)
 
diff --git a/synapse/config/logger.py b/synapse/config/logger.py
index c1febbe9d3..a22655b125 100644
--- a/synapse/config/logger.py
+++ b/synapse/config/logger.py
@@ -29,7 +29,8 @@ from synapse.util.versionstring import get_version_string
 
 from ._base import Config
 
-DEFAULT_LOG_CONFIG = Template("""
+DEFAULT_LOG_CONFIG = Template(
+    """
 version: 1
 
 formatters:
@@ -68,11 +69,11 @@ loggers:
 root:
     level: INFO
     handlers: [file, console]
-""")
+"""
+)
 
 
 class LoggingConfig(Config):
-
     def read_config(self, config):
         self.verbosity = config.get("verbose", 0)
         self.no_redirect_stdio = config.get("no_redirect_stdio", False)
@@ -81,13 +82,16 @@ class LoggingConfig(Config):
 
     def default_config(self, config_dir_path, server_name, **kwargs):
         log_config = os.path.join(config_dir_path, server_name + ".log.config")
-        return """\
+        return (
+            """\
         ## Logging ##
 
         # A yaml python logging config file
         #
         log_config: "%(log_config)s"
-        """ % locals()
+        """
+            % locals()
+        )
 
     def read_arguments(self, args):
         if args.verbose is not None:
@@ -102,22 +106,31 @@ class LoggingConfig(Config):
     def add_arguments(cls, parser):
         logging_group = parser.add_argument_group("logging")
         logging_group.add_argument(
-            '-v', '--verbose', dest="verbose", action='count',
+            "-v",
+            "--verbose",
+            dest="verbose",
+            action="count",
             help="The verbosity level. Specify multiple times to increase "
-            "verbosity. (Ignored if --log-config is specified.)"
+            "verbosity. (Ignored if --log-config is specified.)",
         )
         logging_group.add_argument(
-            '-f', '--log-file', dest="log_file",
-            help="File to log to. (Ignored if --log-config is specified.)"
+            "-f",
+            "--log-file",
+            dest="log_file",
+            help="File to log to. (Ignored if --log-config is specified.)",
         )
         logging_group.add_argument(
-            '--log-config', dest="log_config", default=None,
-            help="Python logging config file"
+            "--log-config",
+            dest="log_config",
+            default=None,
+            help="Python logging config file",
         )
         logging_group.add_argument(
-            '-n', '--no-redirect-stdio',
-            action='store_true', default=None,
-            help="Do not redirect stdout/stderr to the log"
+            "-n",
+            "--no-redirect-stdio",
+            action="store_true",
+            default=None,
+            help="Do not redirect stdout/stderr to the log",
         )
 
     def generate_files(self, config):
@@ -125,9 +138,7 @@ class LoggingConfig(Config):
         if log_config and not os.path.exists(log_config):
             log_file = self.abspath("homeserver.log")
             with open(log_config, "w") as log_config_file:
-                log_config_file.write(
-                    DEFAULT_LOG_CONFIG.substitute(log_file=log_file)
-                )
+                log_config_file.write(DEFAULT_LOG_CONFIG.substitute(log_file=log_file))
 
 
 def setup_logging(config, use_worker_options=False):
@@ -143,10 +154,8 @@ def setup_logging(config, use_worker_options=False):
         register_sighup (func | None): Function to call to register a
             sighup handler.
     """
-    log_config = (config.worker_log_config if use_worker_options
-                  else config.log_config)
-    log_file = (config.worker_log_file if use_worker_options
-                else config.log_file)
+    log_config = config.worker_log_config if use_worker_options else config.log_config
+    log_file = config.worker_log_file if use_worker_options else config.log_file
 
     log_format = (
         "%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(lineno)d - %(levelname)s - %(request)s"
@@ -164,23 +173,23 @@ def setup_logging(config, use_worker_options=False):
             if config.verbosity > 1:
                 level_for_storage = logging.DEBUG
 
-        logger = logging.getLogger('')
+        logger = logging.getLogger("")
         logger.setLevel(level)
 
-        logging.getLogger('synapse.storage.SQL').setLevel(level_for_storage)
+        logging.getLogger("synapse.storage.SQL").setLevel(level_for_storage)
 
         formatter = logging.Formatter(log_format)
         if log_file:
             # TODO: Customisable file size / backup count
             handler = logging.handlers.RotatingFileHandler(
-                log_file, maxBytes=(1000 * 1000 * 100), backupCount=3,
-                encoding='utf8'
+                log_file, maxBytes=(1000 * 1000 * 100), backupCount=3, encoding="utf8"
             )
 
             def sighup(signum, stack):
                 logger.info("Closing log file due to SIGHUP")
                 handler.doRollover()
                 logger.info("Opened new log file due to SIGHUP")
+
         else:
             handler = logging.StreamHandler()
 
@@ -193,8 +202,9 @@ def setup_logging(config, use_worker_options=False):
 
         logger.addHandler(handler)
     else:
+
         def load_log_config():
-            with open(log_config, 'r') as f:
+            with open(log_config, "r") as f:
                 logging.config.dictConfig(yaml.safe_load(f))
 
         def sighup(*args):
@@ -209,10 +219,7 @@ def setup_logging(config, use_worker_options=False):
     # make sure that the first thing we log is a thing we can grep backwards
     # for
     logging.warn("***** STARTING SERVER *****")
-    logging.warn(
-        "Server %s version %s",
-        sys.argv[0], get_version_string(synapse),
-    )
+    logging.warn("Server %s version %s", sys.argv[0], get_version_string(synapse))
     logging.info("Server hostname: %s", config.server_name)
 
     # It's critical to point twisted's internal logging somewhere, otherwise it
@@ -242,8 +249,7 @@ def setup_logging(config, use_worker_options=False):
         return observer(event)
 
     globalLogBeginner.beginLoggingTo(
-        [_log],
-        redirectStandardIO=not config.no_redirect_stdio,
+        [_log], redirectStandardIO=not config.no_redirect_stdio
     )
     if not config.no_redirect_stdio:
         print("Redirected stdout/stderr to logs")
diff --git a/synapse/config/metrics.py b/synapse/config/metrics.py
index 2de51979d8..c85e234d22 100644
--- a/synapse/config/metrics.py
+++ b/synapse/config/metrics.py
@@ -15,11 +15,9 @@
 
 from ._base import Config, ConfigError
 
-MISSING_SENTRY = (
-    """Missing sentry-sdk library. This is required to enable sentry
+MISSING_SENTRY = """Missing sentry-sdk library. This is required to enable sentry
     integration.
     """
-)
 
 
 class MetricsConfig(Config):
@@ -39,7 +37,7 @@ class MetricsConfig(Config):
             self.sentry_dsn = config["sentry"].get("dsn")
             if not self.sentry_dsn:
                 raise ConfigError(
-                    "sentry.dsn field is required when sentry integration is enabled",
+                    "sentry.dsn field is required when sentry integration is enabled"
                 )
 
     def default_config(self, report_stats=None, **kwargs):
@@ -66,6 +64,6 @@ class MetricsConfig(Config):
         if report_stats is None:
             res += "# report_stats: true|false\n"
         else:
-            res += "report_stats: %s\n" % ('true' if report_stats else 'false')
+            res += "report_stats: %s\n" % ("true" if report_stats else "false")
 
         return res
diff --git a/synapse/config/password_auth_providers.py b/synapse/config/password_auth_providers.py
index f0a6be0679..fcf279e8e1 100644
--- a/synapse/config/password_auth_providers.py
+++ b/synapse/config/password_auth_providers.py
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ from synapse.util.module_loader import load_module
 
 from ._base import Config
 
-LDAP_PROVIDER = 'ldap_auth_provider.LdapAuthProvider'
+LDAP_PROVIDER = "ldap_auth_provider.LdapAuthProvider"
 
 
 class PasswordAuthProviderConfig(Config):
@@ -29,24 +29,20 @@ class PasswordAuthProviderConfig(Config):
         # param.
         ldap_config = config.get("ldap_config", {})
         if ldap_config.get("enabled", False):
-            providers.append({
-                'module': LDAP_PROVIDER,
-                'config': ldap_config,
-            })
+            providers.append({"module": LDAP_PROVIDER, "config": ldap_config})
 
         providers.extend(config.get("password_providers", []))
         for provider in providers:
-            mod_name = provider['module']
+            mod_name = provider["module"]
 
             # This is for backwards compat when the ldap auth provider resided
             # in this package.
             if mod_name == "synapse.util.ldap_auth_provider.LdapAuthProvider":
                 mod_name = LDAP_PROVIDER
 
-            (provider_class, provider_config) = load_module({
-                "module": mod_name,
-                "config": provider['config'],
-            })
+            (provider_class, provider_config) = load_module(
+                {"module": mod_name, "config": provider["config"]}
+            )
 
             self.password_providers.append((provider_class, provider_config))
 
diff --git a/synapse/config/registration.py b/synapse/config/registration.py
index 14752298e9..c845862bd9 100644
--- a/synapse/config/registration.py
+++ b/synapse/config/registration.py
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ from synapse.util.stringutils import random_string_with_symbols
 class AccountValidityConfig(Config):
     def __init__(self, config, synapse_config):
         self.enabled = config.get("enabled", False)
-        self.renew_by_email_enabled = ("renew_at" in config)
+        self.renew_by_email_enabled = "renew_at" in config
 
         if self.enabled:
             if "period" in config:
@@ -77,7 +77,6 @@ class AccountValidityConfig(Config):
 
 
 class RegistrationConfig(Config):
-
     def read_config(self, config):
         self.enable_registration = bool(
             strtobool(str(config.get("enable_registration", False)))
@@ -88,7 +87,7 @@ class RegistrationConfig(Config):
             )
 
         self.account_validity = AccountValidityConfig(
-            config.get("account_validity", {}), config,
+            config.get("account_validity", {}), config
         )
 
         self.registrations_require_3pid = config.get("registrations_require_3pid", [])
@@ -104,25 +103,24 @@ class RegistrationConfig(Config):
         self.registration_shared_secret = config.get("registration_shared_secret")
         self.register_mxid_from_3pid = config.get("register_mxid_from_3pid")
         self.register_just_use_email_for_display_name = config.get(
-            "register_just_use_email_for_display_name", False,
+            "register_just_use_email_for_display_name", False
         )
 
         self.bcrypt_rounds = config.get("bcrypt_rounds", 12)
         self.trusted_third_party_id_servers = config.get(
-            "trusted_third_party_id_servers",
-            ["matrix.org", "vector.im"],
+            "trusted_third_party_id_servers", ["matrix.org", "vector.im"]
         )
         self.default_identity_server = config.get("default_identity_server")
         self.allow_guest_access = config.get("allow_guest_access", False)
 
-        self.invite_3pid_guest = (
-            self.allow_guest_access and config.get("invite_3pid_guest", False)
+        self.invite_3pid_guest = self.allow_guest_access and config.get(
+            "invite_3pid_guest", False
         )
 
         self.auto_join_rooms = config.get("auto_join_rooms", [])
         for room_alias in self.auto_join_rooms:
             if not RoomAlias.is_valid(room_alias):
-                raise ConfigError('Invalid auto_join_rooms entry %s' % (room_alias,))
+                raise ConfigError("Invalid auto_join_rooms entry %s" % (room_alias,))
         self.autocreate_auto_join_rooms = config.get("autocreate_auto_join_rooms", True)
 
         self.disable_set_displayname = config.get("disable_set_displayname", False)
@@ -130,13 +128,15 @@ class RegistrationConfig(Config):
 
         self.replicate_user_profiles_to = config.get("replicate_user_profiles_to", [])
         if not isinstance(self.replicate_user_profiles_to, list):
-            self.replicate_user_profiles_to = [self.replicate_user_profiles_to, ]
+            self.replicate_user_profiles_to = [self.replicate_user_profiles_to]
 
         self.shadow_server = config.get("shadow_server", None)
-        self.rewrite_identity_server_urls = config.get("rewrite_identity_server_urls", {})
+        self.rewrite_identity_server_urls = config.get(
+            "rewrite_identity_server_urls", {}
+        )
 
-        self.disable_msisdn_registration = (
-            config.get("disable_msisdn_registration", False)
+        self.disable_msisdn_registration = config.get(
+            "disable_msisdn_registration", False
         )
 
     def default_config(self, generate_secrets=False, **kwargs):
@@ -145,9 +145,12 @@ class RegistrationConfig(Config):
                 random_string_with_symbols(50),
             )
         else:
-            registration_shared_secret = '# registration_shared_secret: <PRIVATE STRING>'
+            registration_shared_secret = (
+                "# registration_shared_secret: <PRIVATE STRING>"
+            )
 
-        return """\
+        return (
+            """\
         ## Registration ##
         #
         # Registration can be rate-limited using the parameters in the "Ratelimiting"
@@ -331,17 +334,19 @@ class RegistrationConfig(Config):
         # users cannot be auto-joined since they do not exist.
         #
         #autocreate_auto_join_rooms: true
-        """ % locals()
+        """
+            % locals()
+        )
 
     def add_arguments(self, parser):
         reg_group = parser.add_argument_group("registration")
         reg_group.add_argument(
-            "--enable-registration", action="store_true", default=None,
-            help="Enable registration for new users."
+            "--enable-registration",
+            action="store_true",
+            default=None,
+            help="Enable registration for new users.",
         )
 
     def read_arguments(self, args):
         if args.enable_registration is not None:
-            self.enable_registration = bool(
-                strtobool(str(args.enable_registration))
-            )
+            self.enable_registration = bool(strtobool(str(args.enable_registration)))
diff --git a/synapse/config/repository.py b/synapse/config/repository.py
index 2abede409a..ed2b060b31 100644
--- a/synapse/config/repository.py
+++ b/synapse/config/repository.py
@@ -20,27 +20,11 @@ from synapse.util.module_loader import load_module
 from ._base import Config, ConfigError
 
 DEFAULT_THUMBNAIL_SIZES = [
-    {
-        "width": 32,
-        "height": 32,
-        "method": "crop",
-    }, {
-        "width": 96,
-        "height": 96,
-        "method": "crop",
-    }, {
-        "width": 320,
-        "height": 240,
-        "method": "scale",
-    }, {
-        "width": 640,
-        "height": 480,
-        "method": "scale",
-    }, {
-        "width": 800,
-        "height": 600,
-        "method": "scale"
-    },
+    {"width": 32, "height": 32, "method": "crop"},
+    {"width": 96, "height": 96, "method": "crop"},
+    {"width": 320, "height": 240, "method": "scale"},
+    {"width": 640, "height": 480, "method": "scale"},
+    {"width": 800, "height": 600, "method": "scale"},
 ]
 
 THUMBNAIL_SIZE_YAML = """\
@@ -49,19 +33,15 @@ THUMBNAIL_SIZE_YAML = """\
         #    method: %(method)s
 """
 
-MISSING_NETADDR = (
-    "Missing netaddr library. This is required for URL preview API."
-)
+MISSING_NETADDR = "Missing netaddr library. This is required for URL preview API."
 
-MISSING_LXML = (
-    """Missing lxml library. This is required for URL preview API.
+MISSING_LXML = """Missing lxml library. This is required for URL preview API.
 
     Install by running:
         pip install lxml
 
     Requires libxslt1-dev system package.
     """
-)
 
 
 ThumbnailRequirement = namedtuple(
@@ -69,7 +49,8 @@ ThumbnailRequirement = namedtuple(
 )
 
 MediaStorageProviderConfig = namedtuple(
-    "MediaStorageProviderConfig", (
+    "MediaStorageProviderConfig",
+    (
         "store_local",  # Whether to store newly uploaded local files
         "store_remote",  # Whether to store newly downloaded remote files
         "store_synchronous",  # Whether to wait for successful storage for local uploads
@@ -100,8 +81,7 @@ def parse_thumbnail_requirements(thumbnail_sizes):
         requirements.setdefault("image/gif", []).append(png_thumbnail)
         requirements.setdefault("image/png", []).append(png_thumbnail)
     return {
-        media_type: tuple(thumbnails)
-        for media_type, thumbnails in requirements.items()
+        media_type: tuple(thumbnails) for media_type, thumbnails in requirements.items()
     }
 
 
@@ -133,15 +113,15 @@ class ContentRepositoryConfig(Config):
                     "Cannot use both 'backup_media_store_path' and 'storage_providers'"
                 )
 
-            storage_providers = [{
-                "module": "file_system",
-                "store_local": True,
-                "store_synchronous": synchronous_backup_media_store,
-                "store_remote": True,
-                "config": {
-                    "directory": backup_media_store_path,
+            storage_providers = [
+                {
+                    "module": "file_system",
+                    "store_local": True,
+                    "store_synchronous": synchronous_backup_media_store,
+                    "store_remote": True,
+                    "config": {"directory": backup_media_store_path},
                 }
-            }]
+            ]
 
         # This is a list of config that can be used to create the storage
         # providers. The entries are tuples of (Class, class_config,
@@ -171,18 +151,19 @@ class ContentRepositoryConfig(Config):
             )
 
             self.media_storage_providers.append(
-                (provider_class, parsed_config, wrapper_config,)
+                (provider_class, parsed_config, wrapper_config)
             )
 
         self.uploads_path = self.ensure_directory(config["uploads_path"])
         self.dynamic_thumbnails = config.get("dynamic_thumbnails", False)
         self.thumbnail_requirements = parse_thumbnail_requirements(
-            config.get("thumbnail_sizes", DEFAULT_THUMBNAIL_SIZES),
+            config.get("thumbnail_sizes", DEFAULT_THUMBNAIL_SIZES)
         )
         self.url_preview_enabled = config.get("url_preview_enabled", False)
         if self.url_preview_enabled:
             try:
                 import lxml
+
                 lxml  # To stop unused lint.
             except ImportError:
                 raise ConfigError(MISSING_LXML)
@@ -205,15 +186,13 @@ class ContentRepositoryConfig(Config):
 
             # we always blacklist '0.0.0.0' and '::', which are supposed to be
             # unroutable addresses.
-            self.url_preview_ip_range_blacklist.update(['0.0.0.0', '::'])
+            self.url_preview_ip_range_blacklist.update(["0.0.0.0", "::"])
 
             self.url_preview_ip_range_whitelist = IPSet(
                 config.get("url_preview_ip_range_whitelist", ())
             )
 
-            self.url_preview_url_blacklist = config.get(
-                "url_preview_url_blacklist", ()
-            )
+            self.url_preview_url_blacklist = config.get("url_preview_url_blacklist", ())
 
     def default_config(self, data_dir_path, **kwargs):
         media_store = os.path.join(data_dir_path, "media_store")
@@ -225,7 +204,8 @@ class ContentRepositoryConfig(Config):
         # strip final NL
         formatted_thumbnail_sizes = formatted_thumbnail_sizes[:-1]
 
-        return r"""
+        return (
+            r"""
         # Directory where uploaded images and attachments are stored.
         #
         media_store_path: "%(media_store)s"
@@ -372,4 +352,6 @@ class ContentRepositoryConfig(Config):
         # The largest allowed URL preview spidering size in bytes
         #
         #max_spider_size: 10M
-        """ % locals()
+        """
+            % locals()
+        )
diff --git a/synapse/config/room_directory.py b/synapse/config/room_directory.py
index 8a9fded4c5..c1da0e20e0 100644
--- a/synapse/config/room_directory.py
+++ b/synapse/config/room_directory.py
@@ -20,9 +20,7 @@ from ._base import Config, ConfigError
 
 class RoomDirectoryConfig(Config):
     def read_config(self, config):
-        self.enable_room_list_search = config.get(
-            "enable_room_list_search", True,
-        )
+        self.enable_room_list_search = config.get("enable_room_list_search", True)
 
         alias_creation_rules = config.get("alias_creation_rules")
 
@@ -33,11 +31,7 @@ class RoomDirectoryConfig(Config):
             ]
         else:
             self._alias_creation_rules = [
-                _RoomDirectoryRule(
-                    "alias_creation_rules", {
-                        "action": "allow",
-                    }
-                )
+                _RoomDirectoryRule("alias_creation_rules", {"action": "allow"})
             ]
 
         room_list_publication_rules = config.get("room_list_publication_rules")
@@ -49,11 +43,7 @@ class RoomDirectoryConfig(Config):
             ]
         else:
             self._room_list_publication_rules = [
-                _RoomDirectoryRule(
-                    "room_list_publication_rules", {
-                        "action": "allow",
-                    }
-                )
+                _RoomDirectoryRule("room_list_publication_rules", {"action": "allow"})
             ]
 
     def default_config(self, config_dir_path, server_name, **kwargs):
@@ -178,8 +168,7 @@ class _RoomDirectoryRule(object):
             self.action = action
         else:
             raise ConfigError(
-                "%s rules can only have action of 'allow'"
-                " or 'deny'" % (option_name,)
+                "%s rules can only have action of 'allow'" " or 'deny'" % (option_name,)
             )
 
         self._alias_matches_all = alias == "*"
diff --git a/synapse/config/saml2_config.py b/synapse/config/saml2_config.py
index aa6eac271f..2ec38e48e9 100644
--- a/synapse/config/saml2_config.py
+++ b/synapse/config/saml2_config.py
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ class SAML2Config(Config):
         self.saml2_enabled = True
 
         import saml2.config
+
         self.saml2_sp_config = saml2.config.SPConfig()
         self.saml2_sp_config.load(self._default_saml_config_dict())
         self.saml2_sp_config.load(saml2_config.get("sp_config", {}))
@@ -41,26 +42,23 @@ class SAML2Config(Config):
 
         public_baseurl = self.public_baseurl
         if public_baseurl is None:
-            raise ConfigError(
-                "saml2_config requires a public_baseurl to be set"
-            )
+            raise ConfigError("saml2_config requires a public_baseurl to be set")
 
         metadata_url = public_baseurl + "_matrix/saml2/metadata.xml"
         response_url = public_baseurl + "_matrix/saml2/authn_response"
         return {
             "entityid": metadata_url,
-
             "service": {
                 "sp": {
                     "endpoints": {
                         "assertion_consumer_service": [
-                            (response_url, saml2.BINDING_HTTP_POST),
-                        ],
+                            (response_url, saml2.BINDING_HTTP_POST)
+                        ]
                     },
                     "required_attributes": ["uid"],
                     "optional_attributes": ["mail", "surname", "givenname"],
-                },
-            }
+                }
+            },
         }
 
     def default_config(self, config_dir_path, server_name, **kwargs):
@@ -106,4 +104,6 @@ class SAML2Config(Config):
         #  # separate pysaml2 configuration file:
         #  #
         #  config_path: "%(config_dir_path)s/sp_conf.py"
-        """ % {"config_dir_path": config_dir_path}
+        """ % {
+            "config_dir_path": config_dir_path
+        }
diff --git a/synapse/config/server.py b/synapse/config/server.py
index 4f3b033121..be65268363 100644
--- a/synapse/config/server.py
+++ b/synapse/config/server.py
@@ -34,13 +34,12 @@ logger = logging.Logger(__name__)
 #
 # We later check for errors when binding to 0.0.0.0 and ignore them if :: is also in
 # in the list.
-DEFAULT_BIND_ADDRESSES = ['::', '0.0.0.0']
+DEFAULT_BIND_ADDRESSES = ["::", "0.0.0.0"]
 
 DEFAULT_ROOM_VERSION = "4"
 
 
 class ServerConfig(Config):
-
     def read_config(self, config):
         self.server_name = config["server_name"]
         self.server_context = config.get("server_context", None)
@@ -81,13 +80,13 @@ class ServerConfig(Config):
         # Whether to require authentication to retrieve profile data (avatars,
         # display names) of other users through the client API.
         self.require_auth_for_profile_requests = config.get(
-            "require_auth_for_profile_requests", False,
+            "require_auth_for_profile_requests", False
         )
 
         # Whether to require sharing a room with a user to retrieve their
         # profile data
         self.limit_profile_requests_to_known_users = config.get(
-            "limit_profile_requests_to_known_users", False,
+            "limit_profile_requests_to_known_users", False
         )
 
         if "restrict_public_rooms_to_local_users" in config and (
@@ -117,17 +116,15 @@ class ServerConfig(Config):
                 "allow_public_rooms_over_federation", True
             )
 
-        default_room_version = config.get(
-            "default_room_version", DEFAULT_ROOM_VERSION,
-        )
+        default_room_version = config.get("default_room_version", DEFAULT_ROOM_VERSION)
 
         # Ensure room version is a str
         default_room_version = str(default_room_version)
 
         if default_room_version not in KNOWN_ROOM_VERSIONS:
             raise ConfigError(
-                "Unknown default_room_version: %s, known room versions: %s" %
-                (default_room_version, list(KNOWN_ROOM_VERSIONS.keys()))
+                "Unknown default_room_version: %s, known room versions: %s"
+                % (default_room_version, list(KNOWN_ROOM_VERSIONS.keys()))
             )
 
         # Get the actual room version object rather than just the identifier
@@ -142,31 +139,25 @@ class ServerConfig(Config):
 
         # Whether we should block invites sent to users on this server
         # (other than those sent by local server admins)
-        self.block_non_admin_invites = config.get(
-            "block_non_admin_invites", False,
-        )
+        self.block_non_admin_invites = config.get("block_non_admin_invites", False)
 
         # Whether to enable experimental MSC1849 (aka relations) support
         self.experimental_msc1849_support_enabled = config.get(
-            "experimental_msc1849_support_enabled", False,
+            "experimental_msc1849_support_enabled", False
         )
 
         # Options to control access by tracking MAU
         self.limit_usage_by_mau = config.get("limit_usage_by_mau", False)
         self.max_mau_value = 0
         if self.limit_usage_by_mau:
-            self.max_mau_value = config.get(
-                "max_mau_value", 0,
-            )
+            self.max_mau_value = config.get("max_mau_value", 0)
         self.mau_stats_only = config.get("mau_stats_only", False)
 
         self.mau_limits_reserved_threepids = config.get(
             "mau_limit_reserved_threepids", []
         )
 
-        self.mau_trial_days = config.get(
-            "mau_trial_days", 0,
-        )
+        self.mau_trial_days = config.get("mau_trial_days", 0)
 
         # Options to disable HS
         self.hs_disabled = config.get("hs_disabled", False)
@@ -179,9 +170,7 @@ class ServerConfig(Config):
 
         # FIXME: federation_domain_whitelist needs sytests
         self.federation_domain_whitelist = None
-        federation_domain_whitelist = config.get(
-            "federation_domain_whitelist", None,
-        )
+        federation_domain_whitelist = config.get("federation_domain_whitelist", None)
 
         if federation_domain_whitelist is not None:
             # turn the whitelist into a hash for speed of lookup
@@ -191,7 +180,7 @@ class ServerConfig(Config):
                 self.federation_domain_whitelist[domain] = True
 
         self.federation_ip_range_blacklist = config.get(
-            "federation_ip_range_blacklist", [],
+            "federation_ip_range_blacklist", []
         )
 
         # Attempt to create an IPSet from the given ranges
@@ -204,13 +193,12 @@ class ServerConfig(Config):
             self.federation_ip_range_blacklist.update(["0.0.0.0", "::"])
         except Exception as e:
             raise ConfigError(
-                "Invalid range(s) provided in "
-                "federation_ip_range_blacklist: %s" % e
+                "Invalid range(s) provided in " "federation_ip_range_blacklist: %s" % e
             )
 
         if self.public_baseurl is not None:
-            if self.public_baseurl[-1] != '/':
-                self.public_baseurl += '/'
+            if self.public_baseurl[-1] != "/":
+                self.public_baseurl += "/"
         self.start_pushers = config.get("start_pushers", True)
 
         # (undocumented) option for torturing the worker-mode replication a bit,
@@ -221,7 +209,7 @@ class ServerConfig(Config):
         # Whether to require a user to be in the room to add an alias to it.
         # Defaults to True.
         self.require_membership_for_aliases = config.get(
-            "require_membership_for_aliases", True,
+            "require_membership_for_aliases", True
         )
 
         # Whether to allow per-room membership profiles through the send of membership
@@ -231,7 +219,7 @@ class ServerConfig(Config):
         # Whether to show the users on this homeserver in the user directory. Defaults to
         # True.
         self.show_users_in_user_directory = config.get(
-            "show_users_in_user_directory", True,
+            "show_users_in_user_directory", True
         )
 
         retention_config = config.get("retention")
@@ -275,13 +263,17 @@ class ServerConfig(Config):
             self.retention_default_min_lifetime = None
             self.retention_default_max_lifetime = None
 
-        self.retention_allowed_lifetime_min = retention_config.get("allowed_lifetime_min")
+        self.retention_allowed_lifetime_min = retention_config.get(
+            "allowed_lifetime_min"
+        )
         if self.retention_allowed_lifetime_min is not None:
             self.retention_allowed_lifetime_min = self.parse_duration(
                 self.retention_allowed_lifetime_min
             )
 
-        self.retention_allowed_lifetime_max = retention_config.get("allowed_lifetime_max")
+        self.retention_allowed_lifetime_max = retention_config.get(
+            "allowed_lifetime_max"
+        )
         if self.retention_allowed_lifetime_max is not None:
             self.retention_allowed_lifetime_max = self.parse_duration(
                 self.retention_allowed_lifetime_max
@@ -290,7 +282,8 @@ class ServerConfig(Config):
         if (
             self.retention_allowed_lifetime_min is not None
             and self.retention_allowed_lifetime_max is not None
-            and self.retention_allowed_lifetime_min > self.retention_allowed_lifetime_max
+            and self.retention_allowed_lifetime_min
+            > self.retention_allowed_lifetime_max
         ):
             raise ConfigError(
                 "Invalid retention policy limits: 'allowed_lifetime_min' can not be"
@@ -330,18 +323,22 @@ class ServerConfig(Config):
                     " 'longest_max_lifetime' value."
                 )
 
-            self.retention_purge_jobs.append({
-                "interval": interval,
-                "shortest_max_lifetime": shortest_max_lifetime,
-                "longest_max_lifetime": longest_max_lifetime,
-            })
+            self.retention_purge_jobs.append(
+                {
+                    "interval": interval,
+                    "shortest_max_lifetime": shortest_max_lifetime,
+                    "longest_max_lifetime": longest_max_lifetime,
+                }
+            )
 
         if not self.retention_purge_jobs:
-            self.retention_purge_jobs = [{
-                "interval": self.parse_duration("1d"),
-                "shortest_max_lifetime": None,
-                "longest_max_lifetime": None,
-            }]
+            self.retention_purge_jobs = [
+                {
+                    "interval": self.parse_duration("1d"),
+                    "shortest_max_lifetime": None,
+                    "longest_max_lifetime": None,
+                }
+            ]
 
         self.listeners = []
         for listener in config.get("listeners", []):
@@ -368,9 +365,9 @@ class ServerConfig(Config):
 
             # if we still have an empty list of addresses, use the default list
             if not bind_addresses:
-                if listener['type'] == 'metrics':
+                if listener["type"] == "metrics":
                     # the metrics listener doesn't support IPv6
-                    bind_addresses.append('0.0.0.0')
+                    bind_addresses.append("0.0.0.0")
                 else:
                     bind_addresses.extend(DEFAULT_BIND_ADDRESSES)
 
@@ -390,78 +387,72 @@ class ServerConfig(Config):
             bind_host = config.get("bind_host", "")
             gzip_responses = config.get("gzip_responses", True)
 
-            self.listeners.append({
-                "port": bind_port,
-                "bind_addresses": [bind_host],
-                "tls": True,
-                "type": "http",
-                "resources": [
-                    {
-                        "names": ["client"],
-                        "compress": gzip_responses,
-                    },
-                    {
-                        "names": ["federation"],
-                        "compress": False,
-                    }
-                ]
-            })
-
-            unsecure_port = config.get("unsecure_port", bind_port - 400)
-            if unsecure_port:
-                self.listeners.append({
-                    "port": unsecure_port,
+            self.listeners.append(
+                {
+                    "port": bind_port,
                     "bind_addresses": [bind_host],
-                    "tls": False,
+                    "tls": True,
                     "type": "http",
                     "resources": [
-                        {
-                            "names": ["client"],
-                            "compress": gzip_responses,
-                        },
-                        {
-                            "names": ["federation"],
-                            "compress": False,
-                        }
-                    ]
-                })
+                        {"names": ["client"], "compress": gzip_responses},
+                        {"names": ["federation"], "compress": False},
+                    ],
+                }
+            )
+
+            unsecure_port = config.get("unsecure_port", bind_port - 400)
+            if unsecure_port:
+                self.listeners.append(
+                    {
+                        "port": unsecure_port,
+                        "bind_addresses": [bind_host],
+                        "tls": False,
+                        "type": "http",
+                        "resources": [
+                            {"names": ["client"], "compress": gzip_responses},
+                            {"names": ["federation"], "compress": False},
+                        ],
+                    }
+                )
 
         manhole = config.get("manhole")
         if manhole:
-            self.listeners.append({
-                "port": manhole,
-                "bind_addresses": ["127.0.0.1"],
-                "type": "manhole",
-                "tls": False,
-            })
+            self.listeners.append(
+                {
+                    "port": manhole,
+                    "bind_addresses": ["127.0.0.1"],
+                    "type": "manhole",
+                    "tls": False,
+                }
+            )
 
         metrics_port = config.get("metrics_port")
         if metrics_port:
             logger.warn(
-                ("The metrics_port configuration option is deprecated in Synapse 0.31 "
-                 "in favour of a listener. Please see "
-                 "http://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/blob/master/docs/metrics-howto.rst"
-                 " on how to configure the new listener."))
-
-            self.listeners.append({
-                "port": metrics_port,
-                "bind_addresses": [config.get("metrics_bind_host", "127.0.0.1")],
-                "tls": False,
-                "type": "http",
-                "resources": [
-                    {
-                        "names": ["metrics"],
-                        "compress": False,
-                    },
-                ]
-            })
+                (
+                    "The metrics_port configuration option is deprecated in Synapse 0.31 "
+                    "in favour of a listener. Please see "
+                    "http://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/blob/master/docs/metrics-howto.rst"
+                    " on how to configure the new listener."
+                )
+            )
+
+            self.listeners.append(
+                {
+                    "port": metrics_port,
+                    "bind_addresses": [config.get("metrics_bind_host", "127.0.0.1")],
+                    "tls": False,
+                    "type": "http",
+                    "resources": [{"names": ["metrics"], "compress": False}],
+                }
+            )
 
         _check_resource_config(self.listeners)
 
         # An experimental option to try and periodically clean up extremities
         # by sending dummy events.
         self.cleanup_extremities_with_dummy_events = config.get(
-            "cleanup_extremities_with_dummy_events", False,
+            "cleanup_extremities_with_dummy_events", False
         )
 
     def has_tls_listener(self):
@@ -480,7 +471,8 @@ class ServerConfig(Config):
         # Bring DEFAULT_ROOM_VERSION into the local-scope for use in the
         # default config string
         default_room_version = DEFAULT_ROOM_VERSION
-        return """\
+        return (
+            """\
         ## Server ##
 
         # The domain name of the server, with optional explicit port.
@@ -857,7 +849,9 @@ class ServerConfig(Config):
           #  - shortest_max_lifetime: 3d
           #    longest_max_lifetime: 1y
           #    interval: 24h
-        """ % locals()
+        """
+            % locals()
+        )
 
     def read_arguments(self, args):
         if args.manhole is not None:
@@ -869,17 +863,26 @@ class ServerConfig(Config):
 
     def add_arguments(self, parser):
         server_group = parser.add_argument_group("server")
-        server_group.add_argument("-D", "--daemonize", action='store_true',
-                                  default=None,
-                                  help="Daemonize the home server")
-        server_group.add_argument("--print-pidfile", action='store_true',
-                                  default=None,
-                                  help="Print the path to the pidfile just"
-                                  " before daemonizing")
-        server_group.add_argument("--manhole", metavar="PORT", dest="manhole",
-                                  type=int,
-                                  help="Turn on the twisted telnet manhole"
-                                  " service on the given port.")
+        server_group.add_argument(
+            "-D",
+            "--daemonize",
+            action="store_true",
+            default=None,
+            help="Daemonize the home server",
+        )
+        server_group.add_argument(
+            "--print-pidfile",
+            action="store_true",
+            default=None,
+            help="Print the path to the pidfile just" " before daemonizing",
+        )
+        server_group.add_argument(
+            "--manhole",
+            metavar="PORT",
+            dest="manhole",
+            type=int,
+            help="Turn on the twisted telnet manhole" " service on the given port.",
+        )
 
 
 def is_threepid_reserved(reserved_threepids, threepid):
@@ -893,7 +896,7 @@ def is_threepid_reserved(reserved_threepids, threepid):
     """
 
     for tp in reserved_threepids:
-        if (threepid['medium'] == tp['medium'] and threepid['address'] == tp['address']):
+        if threepid["medium"] == tp["medium"] and threepid["address"] == tp["address"]:
             return True
     return False
 
@@ -906,9 +909,7 @@ def read_gc_thresholds(thresholds):
         return None
     try:
         assert len(thresholds) == 3
-        return (
-            int(thresholds[0]), int(thresholds[1]), int(thresholds[2]),
-        )
+        return (int(thresholds[0]), int(thresholds[1]), int(thresholds[2]))
     except Exception:
         raise ConfigError(
             "Value of `gc_threshold` must be a list of three integers if set"
@@ -926,22 +927,22 @@ def _warn_if_webclient_configured(listeners):
     for listener in listeners:
         for res in listener.get("resources", []):
             for name in res.get("names", []):
-                if name == 'webclient':
+                if name == "webclient":
                     logger.warning(NO_MORE_WEB_CLIENT_WARNING)
                     return
 
 
 KNOWN_RESOURCES = (
-    'client',
-    'consent',
-    'federation',
-    'keys',
-    'media',
-    'metrics',
-    'openid',
-    'replication',
-    'static',
-    'webclient',
+    "client",
+    "consent",
+    "federation",
+    "keys",
+    "media",
+    "metrics",
+    "openid",
+    "replication",
+    "static",
+    "webclient",
 )
 
 
@@ -955,11 +956,9 @@ def _check_resource_config(listeners):
 
     for resource in resource_names:
         if resource not in KNOWN_RESOURCES:
-            raise ConfigError(
-                "Unknown listener resource '%s'" % (resource, )
-            )
+            raise ConfigError("Unknown listener resource '%s'" % (resource,))
         if resource == "consent":
             try:
-                check_requirements('resources.consent')
+                check_requirements("resources.consent")
             except DependencyException as e:
                 raise ConfigError(e.message)
diff --git a/synapse/config/server_notices_config.py b/synapse/config/server_notices_config.py
index 529dc0a617..d930eb33b5 100644
--- a/synapse/config/server_notices_config.py
+++ b/synapse/config/server_notices_config.py
@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@ class ServerNoticesConfig(Config):
             The name to use for the server notices room.
             None if server notices are not enabled.
     """
+
     def __init__(self):
         super(ServerNoticesConfig, self).__init__()
         self.server_notices_mxid = None
@@ -70,18 +71,12 @@ class ServerNoticesConfig(Config):
         if c is None:
             return
 
-        mxid_localpart = c['system_mxid_localpart']
-        self.server_notices_mxid = UserID(
-            mxid_localpart, self.server_name,
-        ).to_string()
-        self.server_notices_mxid_display_name = c.get(
-            'system_mxid_display_name', None,
-        )
-        self.server_notices_mxid_avatar_url = c.get(
-            'system_mxid_avatar_url', None,
-        )
+        mxid_localpart = c["system_mxid_localpart"]
+        self.server_notices_mxid = UserID(mxid_localpart, self.server_name).to_string()
+        self.server_notices_mxid_display_name = c.get("system_mxid_display_name", None)
+        self.server_notices_mxid_avatar_url = c.get("system_mxid_avatar_url", None)
         # todo: i18n
-        self.server_notices_room_name = c.get('room_name', "Server Notices")
+        self.server_notices_room_name = c.get("room_name", "Server Notices")
 
     def default_config(self, **kwargs):
         return DEFAULT_CONFIG
diff --git a/synapse/config/tls.py b/synapse/config/tls.py
index 658f9dd361..eb44df17b5 100644
--- a/synapse/config/tls.py
+++ b/synapse/config/tls.py
@@ -42,11 +42,11 @@ class TlsConfig(Config):
         self.acme_enabled = acme_config.get("enabled", False)
 
         # hyperlink complains on py2 if this is not a Unicode
-        self.acme_url = six.text_type(acme_config.get(
-            "url", u"https://acme-v01.api.letsencrypt.org/directory"
-        ))
+        self.acme_url = six.text_type(
+            acme_config.get("url", u"https://acme-v01.api.letsencrypt.org/directory")
+        )
         self.acme_port = acme_config.get("port", 80)
-        self.acme_bind_addresses = acme_config.get("bind_addresses", ['::', '0.0.0.0'])
+        self.acme_bind_addresses = acme_config.get("bind_addresses", ["::", "0.0.0.0"])
         self.acme_reprovision_threshold = acme_config.get("reprovision_threshold", 30)
         self.acme_domain = acme_config.get("domain", config.get("server_name"))
 
@@ -74,12 +74,12 @@ class TlsConfig(Config):
 
         # Whether to verify certificates on outbound federation traffic
         self.federation_verify_certificates = config.get(
-            "federation_verify_certificates", True,
+            "federation_verify_certificates", True
         )
 
         # Whitelist of domains to not verify certificates for
         fed_whitelist_entries = config.get(
-            "federation_certificate_verification_whitelist", [],
+            "federation_certificate_verification_whitelist", []
         )
 
         # Support globs (*) in whitelist values
@@ -90,9 +90,7 @@ class TlsConfig(Config):
             self.federation_certificate_verification_whitelist.append(entry_regex)
 
         # List of custom certificate authorities for federation traffic validation
-        custom_ca_list = config.get(
-            "federation_custom_ca_list", None,
-        )
+        custom_ca_list = config.get("federation_custom_ca_list", None)
 
         # Read in and parse custom CA certificates
         self.federation_ca_trust_root = None
@@ -101,8 +99,10 @@ class TlsConfig(Config):
                 # A trustroot cannot be generated without any CA certificates.
                 # Raise an error if this option has been specified without any
                 # corresponding certificates.
-                raise ConfigError("federation_custom_ca_list specified without "
-                                  "any certificate files")
+                raise ConfigError(
+                    "federation_custom_ca_list specified without "
+                    "any certificate files"
+                )
 
             certs = []
             for ca_file in custom_ca_list:
@@ -114,8 +114,9 @@ class TlsConfig(Config):
                     cert_base = Certificate.loadPEM(content)
                     certs.append(cert_base)
                 except Exception as e:
-                    raise ConfigError("Error parsing custom CA certificate file %s: %s"
-                                      % (ca_file, e))
+                    raise ConfigError(
+                        "Error parsing custom CA certificate file %s: %s" % (ca_file, e)
+                    )
 
             self.federation_ca_trust_root = trustRootFromCertificates(certs)
 
@@ -146,17 +147,21 @@ class TlsConfig(Config):
             return None
 
         try:
-            with open(self.tls_certificate_file, 'rb') as f:
+            with open(self.tls_certificate_file, "rb") as f:
                 cert_pem = f.read()
         except Exception as e:
-            raise ConfigError("Failed to read existing certificate file %s: %s"
-                              % (self.tls_certificate_file, e))
+            raise ConfigError(
+                "Failed to read existing certificate file %s: %s"
+                % (self.tls_certificate_file, e)
+            )
 
         try:
             tls_certificate = crypto.load_certificate(crypto.FILETYPE_PEM, cert_pem)
         except Exception as e:
-            raise ConfigError("Failed to parse existing certificate file %s: %s"
-                              % (self.tls_certificate_file, e))
+            raise ConfigError(
+                "Failed to parse existing certificate file %s: %s"
+                % (self.tls_certificate_file, e)
+            )
 
         if not allow_self_signed:
             if tls_certificate.get_subject() == tls_certificate.get_issuer():
@@ -166,7 +171,7 @@ class TlsConfig(Config):
 
         # YYYYMMDDhhmmssZ -- in UTC
         expires_on = datetime.strptime(
-            tls_certificate.get_notAfter().decode('ascii'), "%Y%m%d%H%M%SZ"
+            tls_certificate.get_notAfter().decode("ascii"), "%Y%m%d%H%M%SZ"
         )
         now = datetime.utcnow()
         days_remaining = (expires_on - now).days
@@ -191,7 +196,8 @@ class TlsConfig(Config):
             except Exception as e:
                 logger.info(
                     "Unable to read TLS certificate (%s). Ignoring as no "
-                    "tls listeners enabled.", e,
+                    "tls listeners enabled.",
+                    e,
                 )
 
         self.tls_fingerprints = list(self._original_tls_fingerprints)
@@ -215,8 +221,8 @@ class TlsConfig(Config):
 
         # this is to avoid the max line length. Sorrynotsorry
         proxypassline = (
-            'ProxyPass /.well-known/acme-challenge '
-            'http://localhost:8009/.well-known/acme-challenge'
+            "ProxyPass /.well-known/acme-challenge "
+            "http://localhost:8009/.well-known/acme-challenge"
         )
 
         return (
diff --git a/synapse/config/user_directory.py b/synapse/config/user_directory.py
index 4376a23636..3484785746 100644
--- a/synapse/config/user_directory.py
+++ b/synapse/config/user_directory.py
@@ -27,14 +27,14 @@ class UserDirectoryConfig(Config):
         self.user_directory_defer_to_id_server = None
         user_directory_config = config.get("user_directory", None)
         if user_directory_config:
-            self.user_directory_search_enabled = (
-                user_directory_config.get("enabled", True)
+            self.user_directory_search_enabled = user_directory_config.get(
+                "enabled", True
             )
-            self.user_directory_search_all_users = (
-                user_directory_config.get("search_all_users", False)
+            self.user_directory_search_all_users = user_directory_config.get(
+                "search_all_users", False
             )
-            self.user_directory_defer_to_id_server = (
-                user_directory_config.get("defer_to_id_server", None)
+            self.user_directory_defer_to_id_server = user_directory_config.get(
+                "defer_to_id_server", None
             )
 
     def default_config(self, config_dir_path, server_name, **kwargs):
diff --git a/synapse/config/voip.py b/synapse/config/voip.py
index 2a1f005a37..82cf8c53a8 100644
--- a/synapse/config/voip.py
+++ b/synapse/config/voip.py
@@ -16,14 +16,13 @@ from ._base import Config
 
 
 class VoipConfig(Config):
-
     def read_config(self, config):
         self.turn_uris = config.get("turn_uris", [])
         self.turn_shared_secret = config.get("turn_shared_secret")
         self.turn_username = config.get("turn_username")
         self.turn_password = config.get("turn_password")
         self.turn_user_lifetime = self.parse_duration(
-            config.get("turn_user_lifetime", "1h"),
+            config.get("turn_user_lifetime", "1h")
         )
         self.turn_allow_guests = config.get("turn_allow_guests", True)
 
diff --git a/synapse/config/workers.py b/synapse/config/workers.py
index bfbd8b6c91..75993abf35 100644
--- a/synapse/config/workers.py
+++ b/synapse/config/workers.py
@@ -52,12 +52,14 @@ class WorkerConfig(Config):
         # argument.
         manhole = config.get("worker_manhole")
         if manhole:
-            self.worker_listeners.append({
-                "port": manhole,
-                "bind_addresses": ["127.0.0.1"],
-                "type": "manhole",
-                "tls": False,
-            })
+            self.worker_listeners.append(
+                {
+                    "port": manhole,
+                    "bind_addresses": ["127.0.0.1"],
+                    "type": "manhole",
+                    "tls": False,
+                }
+            )
 
         if self.worker_listeners:
             for listener in self.worker_listeners:
@@ -67,7 +69,7 @@ class WorkerConfig(Config):
                 if bind_address:
                     bind_addresses.append(bind_address)
                 elif not bind_addresses:
-                    bind_addresses.append('')
+                    bind_addresses.append("")
 
     def read_arguments(self, args):
         # We support a bunch of command line arguments that override options in
diff --git a/synapse/crypto/event_signing.py b/synapse/crypto/event_signing.py
index 99a586655b..41eabbe717 100644
--- a/synapse/crypto/event_signing.py
+++ b/synapse/crypto/event_signing.py
@@ -46,9 +46,7 @@ def check_event_content_hash(event, hash_algorithm=hashlib.sha256):
     if name not in hashes:
         raise SynapseError(
             400,
-            "Algorithm %s not in hashes %s" % (
-                name, list(hashes),
-            ),
+            "Algorithm %s not in hashes %s" % (name, list(hashes)),
             Codes.UNAUTHORIZED,
         )
     message_hash_base64 = hashes[name]
@@ -56,9 +54,7 @@ def check_event_content_hash(event, hash_algorithm=hashlib.sha256):
         message_hash_bytes = decode_base64(message_hash_base64)
     except Exception:
         raise SynapseError(
-            400,
-            "Invalid base64: %s" % (message_hash_base64,),
-            Codes.UNAUTHORIZED,
+            400, "Invalid base64: %s" % (message_hash_base64,), Codes.UNAUTHORIZED
         )
     return message_hash_bytes == expected_hash
 
@@ -135,8 +131,9 @@ def compute_event_signature(event_dict, signature_name, signing_key):
     return redact_json["signatures"]
 
 
-def add_hashes_and_signatures(event_dict, signature_name, signing_key,
-                              hash_algorithm=hashlib.sha256):
+def add_hashes_and_signatures(
+    event_dict, signature_name, signing_key, hash_algorithm=hashlib.sha256
+):
     """Add content hash and sign the event
 
     Args:
@@ -153,7 +150,5 @@ def add_hashes_and_signatures(event_dict, signature_name, signing_key,
     event_dict.setdefault("hashes", {})[name] = encode_base64(digest)
 
     event_dict["signatures"] = compute_event_signature(
-        event_dict,
-        signature_name=signature_name,
-        signing_key=signing_key,
+        event_dict, signature_name=signature_name, signing_key=signing_key
     )
diff --git a/synapse/crypto/keyring.py b/synapse/crypto/keyring.py
index 6f603f1961..6f52440150 100644
--- a/synapse/crypto/keyring.py
+++ b/synapse/crypto/keyring.py
@@ -614,10 +614,7 @@ class PerspectivesKeyFetcher(BaseV2KeyFetcher):
 
         results = yield logcontext.make_deferred_yieldable(
             defer.gatherResults(
-                [
-                    run_in_background(get_key, server)
-                    for server in self.key_servers
-                ],
+                [run_in_background(get_key, server) for server in self.key_servers],
                 consumeErrors=True,
             ).addErrback(unwrapFirstError)
         )
@@ -630,9 +627,7 @@ class PerspectivesKeyFetcher(BaseV2KeyFetcher):
         defer.returnValue(union_of_keys)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_server_verify_key_v2_indirect(
-        self, keys_to_fetch, key_server
-    ):
+    def get_server_verify_key_v2_indirect(self, keys_to_fetch, key_server):
         """
         Args:
             keys_to_fetch (dict[str, dict[str, int]]):
@@ -690,10 +685,7 @@ class PerspectivesKeyFetcher(BaseV2KeyFetcher):
                 )
 
             try:
-                self._validate_perspectives_response(
-                    key_server,
-                    response,
-                )
+                self._validate_perspectives_response(key_server, response)
 
                 processed_response = yield self.process_v2_response(
                     perspective_name, response, time_added_ms=time_now_ms
@@ -720,9 +712,7 @@ class PerspectivesKeyFetcher(BaseV2KeyFetcher):
 
         defer.returnValue(keys)
 
-    def _validate_perspectives_response(
-        self, key_server, response,
-    ):
+    def _validate_perspectives_response(self, key_server, response):
         """Optionally check the signature on the result of a /key/query request
 
         Args:
@@ -826,7 +816,6 @@ class ServerKeyFetcher(BaseV2KeyFetcher):
                     path="/_matrix/key/v2/server/"
                     + urllib.parse.quote(requested_key_id),
                     ignore_backoff=True,
-
                     # we only give the remote server 10s to respond. It should be an
                     # easy request to handle, so if it doesn't reply within 10s, it's
                     # probably not going to.
diff --git a/synapse/event_auth.py b/synapse/event_auth.py
index 203490fc36..cd52e3f867 100644
--- a/synapse/event_auth.py
+++ b/synapse/event_auth.py
@@ -85,17 +85,14 @@ def check(room_version, event, auth_events, do_sig_check=True, do_size_check=Tru
         room_id_domain = get_domain_from_id(event.room_id)
         if room_id_domain != sender_domain:
             raise AuthError(
-                403,
-                "Creation event's room_id domain does not match sender's"
+                403, "Creation event's room_id domain does not match sender's"
             )
 
         room_version = event.content.get("room_version", "1")
         if room_version not in KNOWN_ROOM_VERSIONS:
             raise AuthError(
-                403,
-                "room appears to have unsupported version %s" % (
-                    room_version,
-                ))
+                403, "room appears to have unsupported version %s" % (room_version,)
+            )
         # FIXME
         logger.debug("Allowing! %s", event)
         return
@@ -103,46 +100,30 @@ def check(room_version, event, auth_events, do_sig_check=True, do_size_check=Tru
     creation_event = auth_events.get((EventTypes.Create, ""), None)
 
     if not creation_event:
-        raise AuthError(
-            403,
-            "No create event in auth events",
-        )
+        raise AuthError(403, "No create event in auth events")
 
     creating_domain = get_domain_from_id(event.room_id)
     originating_domain = get_domain_from_id(event.sender)
     if creating_domain != originating_domain:
         if not _can_federate(event, auth_events):
-            raise AuthError(
-                403,
-                "This room has been marked as unfederatable."
-            )
+            raise AuthError(403, "This room has been marked as unfederatable.")
 
     # FIXME: Temp hack
     if event.type == EventTypes.Aliases:
         if not event.is_state():
-            raise AuthError(
-                403,
-                "Alias event must be a state event",
-            )
+            raise AuthError(403, "Alias event must be a state event")
         if not event.state_key:
-            raise AuthError(
-                403,
-                "Alias event must have non-empty state_key"
-            )
+            raise AuthError(403, "Alias event must have non-empty state_key")
         sender_domain = get_domain_from_id(event.sender)
         if event.state_key != sender_domain:
             raise AuthError(
-                403,
-                "Alias event's state_key does not match sender's domain"
+                403, "Alias event's state_key does not match sender's domain"
             )
         logger.debug("Allowing! %s", event)
         return
 
     if logger.isEnabledFor(logging.DEBUG):
-        logger.debug(
-            "Auth events: %s",
-            [a.event_id for a in auth_events.values()]
-        )
+        logger.debug("Auth events: %s", [a.event_id for a in auth_events.values()])
 
     if event.type == EventTypes.Member:
         _is_membership_change_allowed(event, auth_events)
@@ -159,9 +140,7 @@ def check(room_version, event, auth_events, do_sig_check=True, do_size_check=Tru
         invite_level = _get_named_level(auth_events, "invite", 0)
 
         if user_level < invite_level:
-            raise AuthError(
-                403, "You don't have permission to invite users",
-            )
+            raise AuthError(403, "You don't have permission to invite users")
         else:
             logger.debug("Allowing! %s", event)
             return
@@ -207,7 +186,7 @@ def _is_membership_change_allowed(event, auth_events):
     # Check if this is the room creator joining:
     if len(event.prev_event_ids()) == 1 and Membership.JOIN == membership:
         # Get room creation event:
-        key = (EventTypes.Create, "", )
+        key = (EventTypes.Create, "")
         create = auth_events.get(key)
         if create and event.prev_event_ids()[0] == create.event_id:
             if create.content["creator"] == event.state_key:
@@ -219,38 +198,31 @@ def _is_membership_change_allowed(event, auth_events):
     target_domain = get_domain_from_id(target_user_id)
     if creating_domain != target_domain:
         if not _can_federate(event, auth_events):
-            raise AuthError(
-                403,
-                "This room has been marked as unfederatable."
-            )
+            raise AuthError(403, "This room has been marked as unfederatable.")
 
     # get info about the caller
-    key = (EventTypes.Member, event.user_id, )
+    key = (EventTypes.Member, event.user_id)
     caller = auth_events.get(key)
 
     caller_in_room = caller and caller.membership == Membership.JOIN
     caller_invited = caller and caller.membership == Membership.INVITE
 
     # get info about the target
-    key = (EventTypes.Member, target_user_id, )
+    key = (EventTypes.Member, target_user_id)
     target = auth_events.get(key)
 
     target_in_room = target and target.membership == Membership.JOIN
     target_banned = target and target.membership == Membership.BAN
 
-    key = (EventTypes.JoinRules, "", )
+    key = (EventTypes.JoinRules, "")
     join_rule_event = auth_events.get(key)
     if join_rule_event:
-        join_rule = join_rule_event.content.get(
-            "join_rule", JoinRules.INVITE
-        )
+        join_rule = join_rule_event.content.get("join_rule", JoinRules.INVITE)
     else:
         join_rule = JoinRules.INVITE
 
     user_level = get_user_power_level(event.user_id, auth_events)
-    target_level = get_user_power_level(
-        target_user_id, auth_events
-    )
+    target_level = get_user_power_level(target_user_id, auth_events)
 
     # FIXME (erikj): What should we do here as the default?
     ban_level = _get_named_level(auth_events, "ban", 50)
@@ -266,29 +238,26 @@ def _is_membership_change_allowed(event, auth_events):
             "join_rule": join_rule,
             "target_user_id": target_user_id,
             "event.user_id": event.user_id,
-        }
+        },
     )
 
     if Membership.INVITE == membership and "third_party_invite" in event.content:
         if not _verify_third_party_invite(event, auth_events):
             raise AuthError(403, "You are not invited to this room.")
         if target_banned:
-            raise AuthError(
-                403, "%s is banned from the room" % (target_user_id,)
-            )
+            raise AuthError(403, "%s is banned from the room" % (target_user_id,))
         return
 
     if Membership.JOIN != membership:
-        if (caller_invited
-                and Membership.LEAVE == membership
-                and target_user_id == event.user_id):
+        if (
+            caller_invited
+            and Membership.LEAVE == membership
+            and target_user_id == event.user_id
+        ):
             return
 
         if not caller_in_room:  # caller isn't joined
-            raise AuthError(
-                403,
-                "%s not in room %s." % (event.user_id, event.room_id,)
-            )
+            raise AuthError(403, "%s not in room %s." % (event.user_id, event.room_id))
 
     if Membership.INVITE == membership:
         # TODO (erikj): We should probably handle this more intelligently
@@ -296,19 +265,14 @@ def _is_membership_change_allowed(event, auth_events):
 
         # Invites are valid iff caller is in the room and target isn't.
         if target_banned:
-            raise AuthError(
-                403, "%s is banned from the room" % (target_user_id,)
-            )
+            raise AuthError(403, "%s is banned from the room" % (target_user_id,))
         elif target_in_room:  # the target is already in the room.
-            raise AuthError(403, "%s is already in the room." %
-                                 target_user_id)
+            raise AuthError(403, "%s is already in the room." % target_user_id)
         else:
             invite_level = _get_named_level(auth_events, "invite", 0)
 
             if user_level < invite_level:
-                raise AuthError(
-                    403, "You don't have permission to invite users",
-                )
+                raise AuthError(403, "You don't have permission to invite users")
     elif Membership.JOIN == membership:
         # Joins are valid iff caller == target and they were:
         # invited: They are accepting the invitation
@@ -329,16 +293,12 @@ def _is_membership_change_allowed(event, auth_events):
     elif Membership.LEAVE == membership:
         # TODO (erikj): Implement kicks.
         if target_banned and user_level < ban_level:
-            raise AuthError(
-                403, "You cannot unban user %s." % (target_user_id,)
-            )
+            raise AuthError(403, "You cannot unban user %s." % (target_user_id,))
         elif target_user_id != event.user_id:
             kick_level = _get_named_level(auth_events, "kick", 50)
 
             if user_level < kick_level or user_level <= target_level:
-                raise AuthError(
-                    403, "You cannot kick user %s." % target_user_id
-                )
+                raise AuthError(403, "You cannot kick user %s." % target_user_id)
     elif Membership.BAN == membership:
         if user_level < ban_level or user_level <= target_level:
             raise AuthError(403, "You don't have permission to ban")
@@ -347,21 +307,17 @@ def _is_membership_change_allowed(event, auth_events):
 
 
 def _check_event_sender_in_room(event, auth_events):
-    key = (EventTypes.Member, event.user_id, )
+    key = (EventTypes.Member, event.user_id)
     member_event = auth_events.get(key)
 
-    return _check_joined_room(
-        member_event,
-        event.user_id,
-        event.room_id
-    )
+    return _check_joined_room(member_event, event.user_id, event.room_id)
 
 
 def _check_joined_room(member, user_id, room_id):
     if not member or member.membership != Membership.JOIN:
-        raise AuthError(403, "User %s not in room %s (%s)" % (
-            user_id, room_id, repr(member)
-        ))
+        raise AuthError(
+            403, "User %s not in room %s (%s)" % (user_id, room_id, repr(member))
+        )
 
 
 def get_send_level(etype, state_key, power_levels_event):
@@ -402,26 +358,21 @@ def get_send_level(etype, state_key, power_levels_event):
 def _can_send_event(event, auth_events):
     power_levels_event = _get_power_level_event(auth_events)
 
-    send_level = get_send_level(
-        event.type, event.get("state_key"), power_levels_event,
-    )
+    send_level = get_send_level(event.type, event.get("state_key"), power_levels_event)
     user_level = get_user_power_level(event.user_id, auth_events)
 
     if user_level < send_level:
         raise AuthError(
             403,
-            "You don't have permission to post that to the room. " +
-            "user_level (%d) < send_level (%d)" % (user_level, send_level)
+            "You don't have permission to post that to the room. "
+            + "user_level (%d) < send_level (%d)" % (user_level, send_level),
         )
 
     # Check state_key
     if hasattr(event, "state_key"):
         if event.state_key.startswith("@"):
             if event.state_key != event.user_id:
-                raise AuthError(
-                    403,
-                    "You are not allowed to set others state"
-                )
+                raise AuthError(403, "You are not allowed to set others state")
 
     return True
 
@@ -459,10 +410,7 @@ def check_redaction(room_version, event, auth_events):
         event.internal_metadata.recheck_redaction = True
         return True
 
-    raise AuthError(
-        403,
-        "You don't have permission to redact events"
-    )
+    raise AuthError(403, "You don't have permission to redact events")
 
 
 def _check_power_levels(event, auth_events):
@@ -479,7 +427,7 @@ def _check_power_levels(event, auth_events):
         except Exception:
             raise SynapseError(400, "Not a valid power level: %s" % (v,))
 
-    key = (event.type, event.state_key, )
+    key = (event.type, event.state_key)
     current_state = auth_events.get(key)
 
     if not current_state:
@@ -500,16 +448,12 @@ def _check_power_levels(event, auth_events):
 
     old_list = current_state.content.get("users", {})
     for user in set(list(old_list) + list(user_list)):
-        levels_to_check.append(
-            (user, "users")
-        )
+        levels_to_check.append((user, "users"))
 
     old_list = current_state.content.get("events", {})
     new_list = event.content.get("events", {})
     for ev_id in set(list(old_list) + list(new_list)):
-        levels_to_check.append(
-            (ev_id, "events")
-        )
+        levels_to_check.append((ev_id, "events"))
 
     old_state = current_state.content
     new_state = event.content
@@ -540,7 +484,7 @@ def _check_power_levels(event, auth_events):
                 raise AuthError(
                     403,
                     "You don't have permission to remove ops level equal "
-                    "to your own"
+                    "to your own",
                 )
 
         # Check if the old and new levels are greater than the user level
@@ -550,8 +494,7 @@ def _check_power_levels(event, auth_events):
         if old_level_too_big or new_level_too_big:
             raise AuthError(
                 403,
-                "You don't have permission to add ops level greater "
-                "than your own"
+                "You don't have permission to add ops level greater " "than your own",
             )
 
 
@@ -587,10 +530,9 @@ def get_user_power_level(user_id, auth_events):
 
         # some things which call this don't pass the create event: hack around
         # that.
-        key = (EventTypes.Create, "", )
+        key = (EventTypes.Create, "")
         create_event = auth_events.get(key)
-        if (create_event is not None and
-                create_event.content["creator"] == user_id):
+        if create_event is not None and create_event.content["creator"] == user_id:
             return 100
         else:
             return 0
@@ -636,9 +578,7 @@ def _verify_third_party_invite(event, auth_events):
 
     token = signed["token"]
 
-    invite_event = auth_events.get(
-        (EventTypes.ThirdPartyInvite, token,)
-    )
+    invite_event = auth_events.get((EventTypes.ThirdPartyInvite, token))
     if not invite_event:
         return False
 
@@ -661,8 +601,7 @@ def _verify_third_party_invite(event, auth_events):
                     if not key_name.startswith("ed25519:"):
                         continue
                     verify_key = decode_verify_key_bytes(
-                        key_name,
-                        decode_base64(public_key)
+                        key_name, decode_base64(public_key)
                     )
                     verify_signed_json(signed, server, verify_key)
 
@@ -671,7 +610,7 @@ def _verify_third_party_invite(event, auth_events):
                     # The caller is responsible for checking that the signing
                     # server has not revoked that public key.
                     return True
-        except (KeyError, SignatureVerifyException,):
+        except (KeyError, SignatureVerifyException):
             continue
     return False
 
@@ -679,9 +618,7 @@ def _verify_third_party_invite(event, auth_events):
 def get_public_keys(invite_event):
     public_keys = []
     if "public_key" in invite_event.content:
-        o = {
-            "public_key": invite_event.content["public_key"],
-        }
+        o = {"public_key": invite_event.content["public_key"]}
         if "key_validity_url" in invite_event.content:
             o["key_validity_url"] = invite_event.content["key_validity_url"]
         public_keys.append(o)
@@ -702,22 +639,22 @@ def auth_types_for_event(event):
 
     auth_types = []
 
-    auth_types.append((EventTypes.PowerLevels, "", ))
-    auth_types.append((EventTypes.Member, event.sender, ))
-    auth_types.append((EventTypes.Create, "", ))
+    auth_types.append((EventTypes.PowerLevels, ""))
+    auth_types.append((EventTypes.Member, event.sender))
+    auth_types.append((EventTypes.Create, ""))
 
     if event.type == EventTypes.Member:
         membership = event.content["membership"]
         if membership in [Membership.JOIN, Membership.INVITE]:
-            auth_types.append((EventTypes.JoinRules, "", ))
+            auth_types.append((EventTypes.JoinRules, ""))
 
-        auth_types.append((EventTypes.Member, event.state_key, ))
+        auth_types.append((EventTypes.Member, event.state_key))
 
         if membership == Membership.INVITE:
             if "third_party_invite" in event.content:
                 key = (
                     EventTypes.ThirdPartyInvite,
-                    event.content["third_party_invite"]["signed"]["token"]
+                    event.content["third_party_invite"]["signed"]["token"],
                 )
                 auth_types.append(key)
 
diff --git a/synapse/events/__init__.py b/synapse/events/__init__.py
index 7154bcbea6..d3de70e671 100644
--- a/synapse/events/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/events/__init__.py
@@ -127,25 +127,25 @@ def _event_dict_property(key):
         except KeyError:
             raise AttributeError(key)
 
-    return property(
-        getter,
-        setter,
-        delete,
-    )
+    return property(getter, setter, delete)
 
 
 class EventBase(object):
-    def __init__(self, event_dict, signatures={}, unsigned={},
-                 internal_metadata_dict={}, rejected_reason=None):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        event_dict,
+        signatures={},
+        unsigned={},
+        internal_metadata_dict={},
+        rejected_reason=None,
+    ):
         self.signatures = signatures
         self.unsigned = unsigned
         self.rejected_reason = rejected_reason
 
         self._event_dict = event_dict
 
-        self.internal_metadata = _EventInternalMetadata(
-            internal_metadata_dict
-        )
+        self.internal_metadata = _EventInternalMetadata(internal_metadata_dict)
 
     auth_events = _event_dict_property("auth_events")
     depth = _event_dict_property("depth")
@@ -168,10 +168,7 @@ class EventBase(object):
 
     def get_dict(self):
         d = dict(self._event_dict)
-        d.update({
-            "signatures": self.signatures,
-            "unsigned": dict(self.unsigned),
-        })
+        d.update({"signatures": self.signatures, "unsigned": dict(self.unsigned)})
 
         return d
 
@@ -358,6 +355,7 @@ class FrozenEventV2(EventBase):
 
 class FrozenEventV3(FrozenEventV2):
     """FrozenEventV3, which differs from FrozenEventV2 only in the event_id format"""
+
     format_version = EventFormatVersions.V3  # All events of this type are V3
 
     @property
@@ -414,6 +412,4 @@ def event_type_from_format_version(format_version):
     elif format_version == EventFormatVersions.V3:
         return FrozenEventV3
     else:
-        raise Exception(
-            "No event format %r" % (format_version,)
-        )
+        raise Exception("No event format %r" % (format_version,))
diff --git a/synapse/events/builder.py b/synapse/events/builder.py
index 546b6f4982..db011e0407 100644
--- a/synapse/events/builder.py
+++ b/synapse/events/builder.py
@@ -78,7 +78,9 @@ class EventBuilder(object):
     _redacts = attr.ib(default=None)
     _origin_server_ts = attr.ib(default=None)
 
-    internal_metadata = attr.ib(default=attr.Factory(lambda: _EventInternalMetadata({})))
+    internal_metadata = attr.ib(
+        default=attr.Factory(lambda: _EventInternalMetadata({}))
+    )
 
     @property
     def state_key(self):
@@ -102,11 +104,9 @@ class EventBuilder(object):
         """
 
         state_ids = yield self._state.get_current_state_ids(
-            self.room_id, prev_event_ids,
-        )
-        auth_ids = yield self._auth.compute_auth_events(
-            self, state_ids,
+            self.room_id, prev_event_ids
         )
+        auth_ids = yield self._auth.compute_auth_events(self, state_ids)
 
         if self.format_version == EventFormatVersions.V1:
             auth_events = yield self._store.add_event_hashes(auth_ids)
@@ -115,9 +115,7 @@ class EventBuilder(object):
             auth_events = auth_ids
             prev_events = prev_event_ids
 
-        old_depth = yield self._store.get_max_depth_of(
-            prev_event_ids,
-        )
+        old_depth = yield self._store.get_max_depth_of(prev_event_ids)
         depth = old_depth + 1
 
         # we cap depth of generated events, to ensure that they are not
@@ -217,9 +215,14 @@ class EventBuilderFactory(object):
         )
 
 
-def create_local_event_from_event_dict(clock, hostname, signing_key,
-                                       format_version, event_dict,
-                                       internal_metadata_dict=None):
+def create_local_event_from_event_dict(
+    clock,
+    hostname,
+    signing_key,
+    format_version,
+    event_dict,
+    internal_metadata_dict=None,
+):
     """Takes a fully formed event dict, ensuring that fields like `origin`
     and `origin_server_ts` have correct values for a locally produced event,
     then signs and hashes it.
@@ -237,9 +240,7 @@ def create_local_event_from_event_dict(clock, hostname, signing_key,
     """
 
     if format_version not in KNOWN_EVENT_FORMAT_VERSIONS:
-        raise Exception(
-            "No event format defined for version %r" % (format_version,)
-        )
+        raise Exception("No event format defined for version %r" % (format_version,))
 
     if internal_metadata_dict is None:
         internal_metadata_dict = {}
@@ -258,13 +259,9 @@ def create_local_event_from_event_dict(clock, hostname, signing_key,
 
     event_dict.setdefault("signatures", {})
 
-    add_hashes_and_signatures(
-        event_dict,
-        hostname,
-        signing_key,
-    )
+    add_hashes_and_signatures(event_dict, hostname, signing_key)
     return event_type_from_format_version(format_version)(
-        event_dict, internal_metadata_dict=internal_metadata_dict,
+        event_dict, internal_metadata_dict=internal_metadata_dict
     )
 
 
diff --git a/synapse/events/snapshot.py b/synapse/events/snapshot.py
index fa09c132a0..a96cdada3d 100644
--- a/synapse/events/snapshot.py
+++ b/synapse/events/snapshot.py
@@ -88,8 +88,9 @@ class EventContext(object):
         self.app_service = None
 
     @staticmethod
-    def with_state(state_group, current_state_ids, prev_state_ids,
-                   prev_group=None, delta_ids=None):
+    def with_state(
+        state_group, current_state_ids, prev_state_ids, prev_group=None, delta_ids=None
+    ):
         context = EventContext()
 
         # The current state including the current event
@@ -132,17 +133,19 @@ class EventContext(object):
         else:
             prev_state_id = None
 
-        defer.returnValue({
-            "prev_state_id": prev_state_id,
-            "event_type": event.type,
-            "event_state_key": event.state_key if event.is_state() else None,
-            "state_group": self.state_group,
-            "rejected": self.rejected,
-            "prev_group": self.prev_group,
-            "delta_ids": _encode_state_dict(self.delta_ids),
-            "prev_state_events": self.prev_state_events,
-            "app_service_id": self.app_service.id if self.app_service else None
-        })
+        defer.returnValue(
+            {
+                "prev_state_id": prev_state_id,
+                "event_type": event.type,
+                "event_state_key": event.state_key if event.is_state() else None,
+                "state_group": self.state_group,
+                "rejected": self.rejected,
+                "prev_group": self.prev_group,
+                "delta_ids": _encode_state_dict(self.delta_ids),
+                "prev_state_events": self.prev_state_events,
+                "app_service_id": self.app_service.id if self.app_service else None,
+            }
+        )
 
     @staticmethod
     def deserialize(store, input):
@@ -194,7 +197,7 @@ class EventContext(object):
 
         if not self._fetching_state_deferred:
             self._fetching_state_deferred = run_in_background(
-                self._fill_out_state, store,
+                self._fill_out_state, store
             )
 
         yield make_deferred_yieldable(self._fetching_state_deferred)
@@ -214,7 +217,7 @@ class EventContext(object):
 
         if not self._fetching_state_deferred:
             self._fetching_state_deferred = run_in_background(
-                self._fill_out_state, store,
+                self._fill_out_state, store
             )
 
         yield make_deferred_yieldable(self._fetching_state_deferred)
@@ -240,9 +243,7 @@ class EventContext(object):
         if self.state_group is None:
             return
 
-        self._current_state_ids = yield store.get_state_ids_for_group(
-            self.state_group,
-        )
+        self._current_state_ids = yield store.get_state_ids_for_group(self.state_group)
         if self._prev_state_id and self._event_state_key is not None:
             self._prev_state_ids = dict(self._current_state_ids)
 
@@ -252,8 +253,9 @@ class EventContext(object):
             self._prev_state_ids = self._current_state_ids
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def update_state(self, state_group, prev_state_ids, current_state_ids,
-                     prev_group, delta_ids):
+    def update_state(
+        self, state_group, prev_state_ids, current_state_ids, prev_group, delta_ids
+    ):
         """Replace the state in the context
         """
 
@@ -279,10 +281,7 @@ def _encode_state_dict(state_dict):
     if state_dict is None:
         return None
 
-    return [
-        (etype, state_key, v)
-        for (etype, state_key), v in iteritems(state_dict)
-    ]
+    return [(etype, state_key, v) for (etype, state_key), v in iteritems(state_dict)]
 
 
 def _decode_state_dict(input):
@@ -291,4 +290,4 @@ def _decode_state_dict(input):
     if input is None:
         return None
 
-    return frozendict({(etype, state_key,): v for etype, state_key, v in input})
+    return frozendict({(etype, state_key): v for etype, state_key, v in input})
diff --git a/synapse/events/spamcheck.py b/synapse/events/spamcheck.py
index b8ccced43b..f0de4d961f 100644
--- a/synapse/events/spamcheck.py
+++ b/synapse/events/spamcheck.py
@@ -46,8 +46,15 @@ class SpamChecker(object):
 
         return self.spam_checker.check_event_for_spam(event)
 
-    def user_may_invite(self, inviter_userid, invitee_userid, third_party_invite,
-                        room_id, new_room, published_room):
+    def user_may_invite(
+        self,
+        inviter_userid,
+        invitee_userid,
+        third_party_invite,
+        room_id,
+        new_room,
+        published_room,
+    ):
         """Checks if a given user may send an invite
 
         If this method returns false, the invite will be rejected.
@@ -74,12 +81,17 @@ class SpamChecker(object):
             return True
 
         return self.spam_checker.user_may_invite(
-            inviter_userid, invitee_userid, third_party_invite, room_id, new_room,
+            inviter_userid,
+            invitee_userid,
+            third_party_invite,
+            room_id,
+            new_room,
             published_room,
         )
 
-    def user_may_create_room(self, userid, invite_list, third_party_invite_list,
-                             cloning):
+    def user_may_create_room(
+        self, userid, invite_list, third_party_invite_list, cloning
+    ):
         """Checks if a given user may create a room
 
         If this method returns false, the creation request will be rejected.
@@ -100,7 +112,7 @@ class SpamChecker(object):
             return True
 
         return self.spam_checker.user_may_create_room(
-            userid, invite_list, third_party_invite_list, cloning,
+            userid, invite_list, third_party_invite_list, cloning
         )
 
     def user_may_create_room_alias(self, userid, room_alias):
diff --git a/synapse/events/third_party_rules.py b/synapse/events/third_party_rules.py
index 50ceeb1e8e..8f5d95696b 100644
--- a/synapse/events/third_party_rules.py
+++ b/synapse/events/third_party_rules.py
@@ -36,8 +36,7 @@ class ThirdPartyEventRules(object):
 
         if module is not None:
             self.third_party_rules = module(
-                config=config,
-                http_client=hs.get_simple_http_client(),
+                config=config, http_client=hs.get_simple_http_client()
             )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -109,6 +108,6 @@ class ThirdPartyEventRules(object):
             state_events[key] = room_state_events[event_id]
 
         ret = yield self.third_party_rules.check_threepid_can_be_invited(
-            medium, address, state_events,
+            medium, address, state_events
         )
         defer.returnValue(ret)
diff --git a/synapse/events/utils.py b/synapse/events/utils.py
index e2d4384de1..f24f0c16f0 100644
--- a/synapse/events/utils.py
+++ b/synapse/events/utils.py
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ from . import EventBase
 # by a match for 'stuff'.
 # TODO: This is fast, but fails to handle "foo\\.bar" which should be treated as
 #       the literal fields "foo\" and "bar" but will instead be treated as "foo\\.bar"
-SPLIT_FIELD_REGEX = re.compile(r'(?<!\\)\.')
+SPLIT_FIELD_REGEX = re.compile(r"(?<!\\)\.")
 
 
 def prune_event(event):
@@ -51,6 +51,7 @@ def prune_event(event):
     pruned_event_dict = prune_event_dict(event.get_dict())
 
     from . import event_type_from_format_version
+
     return event_type_from_format_version(event.format_version)(
         pruned_event_dict, event.internal_metadata.get_dict()
     )
@@ -116,11 +117,7 @@ def prune_event_dict(event_dict):
     elif event_type == EventTypes.RoomHistoryVisibility:
         add_fields("history_visibility")
 
-    allowed_fields = {
-        k: v
-        for k, v in event_dict.items()
-        if k in allowed_keys
-    }
+    allowed_fields = {k: v for k, v in event_dict.items() if k in allowed_keys}
 
     allowed_fields["content"] = new_content
 
@@ -205,7 +202,7 @@ def only_fields(dictionary, fields):
     # for each element of the output array of arrays:
     # remove escaping so we can use the right key names.
     split_fields[:] = [
-        [f.replace(r'\.', r'.') for f in field_array] for field_array in split_fields
+        [f.replace(r"\.", r".") for f in field_array] for field_array in split_fields
     ]
 
     output = {}
@@ -226,7 +223,10 @@ def format_event_for_client_v1(d):
         d["user_id"] = sender
 
     copy_keys = (
-        "age", "redacted_because", "replaces_state", "prev_content",
+        "age",
+        "redacted_because",
+        "replaces_state",
+        "prev_content",
         "invite_room_state",
     )
     for key in copy_keys:
@@ -238,8 +238,13 @@ def format_event_for_client_v1(d):
 
 def format_event_for_client_v2(d):
     drop_keys = (
-        "auth_events", "prev_events", "hashes", "signatures", "depth",
-        "origin", "prev_state",
+        "auth_events",
+        "prev_events",
+        "hashes",
+        "signatures",
+        "depth",
+        "origin",
+        "prev_state",
     )
     for key in drop_keys:
         d.pop(key, None)
@@ -252,9 +257,15 @@ def format_event_for_client_v2_without_room_id(d):
     return d
 
 
-def serialize_event(e, time_now_ms, as_client_event=True,
-                    event_format=format_event_for_client_v1,
-                    token_id=None, only_event_fields=None, is_invite=False):
+def serialize_event(
+    e,
+    time_now_ms,
+    as_client_event=True,
+    event_format=format_event_for_client_v1,
+    token_id=None,
+    only_event_fields=None,
+    is_invite=False,
+):
     """Serialize event for clients
 
     Args:
@@ -288,8 +299,7 @@ def serialize_event(e, time_now_ms, as_client_event=True,
 
     if "redacted_because" in e.unsigned:
         d["unsigned"]["redacted_because"] = serialize_event(
-            e.unsigned["redacted_because"], time_now_ms,
-            event_format=event_format
+            e.unsigned["redacted_because"], time_now_ms, event_format=event_format
         )
 
     if token_id is not None:
@@ -308,8 +318,9 @@ def serialize_event(e, time_now_ms, as_client_event=True,
         d = event_format(d)
 
     if only_event_fields:
-        if (not isinstance(only_event_fields, list) or
-                not all(isinstance(f, string_types) for f in only_event_fields)):
+        if not isinstance(only_event_fields, list) or not all(
+            isinstance(f, string_types) for f in only_event_fields
+        ):
             raise TypeError("only_event_fields must be a list of strings")
         d = only_fields(d, only_event_fields)
 
@@ -352,11 +363,9 @@ class EventClientSerializer(object):
         # If MSC1849 is enabled then we need to look if thre are any relations
         # we need to bundle in with the event
         if self.experimental_msc1849_support_enabled and bundle_aggregations:
-            annotations = yield self.store.get_aggregation_groups_for_event(
-                event_id,
-            )
+            annotations = yield self.store.get_aggregation_groups_for_event(event_id)
             references = yield self.store.get_relations_for_event(
-                event_id, RelationTypes.REFERENCE, direction="f",
+                event_id, RelationTypes.REFERENCE, direction="f"
             )
 
             if annotations.chunk:
@@ -383,9 +392,7 @@ class EventClientSerializer(object):
                     serialized_event["content"].pop("m.relates_to", None)
 
                 r = serialized_event["unsigned"].setdefault("m.relations", {})
-                r[RelationTypes.REPLACE] = {
-                    "event_id": edit.event_id,
-                }
+                r[RelationTypes.REPLACE] = {"event_id": edit.event_id}
 
         defer.returnValue(serialized_event)
 
@@ -401,6 +408,5 @@ class EventClientSerializer(object):
             Deferred[list[dict]]: The list of serialized events
         """
         return yieldable_gather_results(
-            self.serialize_event, events,
-            time_now=time_now, **kwargs
+            self.serialize_event, events, time_now=time_now, **kwargs
         )
diff --git a/synapse/events/validator.py b/synapse/events/validator.py
index 6d2bd97317..9df9287aa7 100644
--- a/synapse/events/validator.py
+++ b/synapse/events/validator.py
@@ -49,9 +49,7 @@ class EventValidator(object):
                 raise SynapseError(400, "Event does not have key %s" % (k,))
 
         # Check that the following keys have string values
-        event_strings = [
-            "origin",
-        ]
+        event_strings = ["origin"]
 
         for s in event_strings:
             if not isinstance(getattr(event, s), string_types):
@@ -63,8 +61,10 @@ class EventValidator(object):
                     if len(alias) > MAX_ALIAS_LENGTH:
                         raise SynapseError(
                             400,
-                            ("Can't create aliases longer than"
-                             " %d characters" % (MAX_ALIAS_LENGTH,)),
+                            (
+                                "Can't create aliases longer than"
+                                " %d characters" % (MAX_ALIAS_LENGTH,)
+                            ),
                             Codes.INVALID_PARAM,
                         )
 
@@ -170,11 +170,7 @@ class EventValidator(object):
             event (EventBuilder|FrozenEvent)
         """
 
-        strings = [
-            "room_id",
-            "sender",
-            "type",
-        ]
+        strings = ["room_id", "sender", "type"]
 
         if hasattr(event, "state_key"):
             strings.append("state_key")
@@ -187,10 +183,7 @@ class EventValidator(object):
         UserID.from_string(event.sender)
 
         if event.type == EventTypes.Message:
-            strings = [
-                "body",
-                "msgtype",
-            ]
+            strings = ["body", "msgtype"]
 
             self._ensure_strings(event.content, strings)
 
diff --git a/synapse/federation/federation_base.py b/synapse/federation/federation_base.py
index fc5cfb7d83..58b929363f 100644
--- a/synapse/federation/federation_base.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/federation_base.py
@@ -44,8 +44,9 @@ class FederationBase(object):
         self._clock = hs.get_clock()
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _check_sigs_and_hash_and_fetch(self, origin, pdus, room_version,
-                                       outlier=False, include_none=False):
+    def _check_sigs_and_hash_and_fetch(
+        self, origin, pdus, room_version, outlier=False, include_none=False
+    ):
         """Takes a list of PDUs and checks the signatures and hashs of each
         one. If a PDU fails its signature check then we check if we have it in
         the database and if not then request if from the originating server of
@@ -79,9 +80,7 @@ class FederationBase(object):
             if not res:
                 # Check local db.
                 res = yield self.store.get_event(
-                    pdu.event_id,
-                    allow_rejected=True,
-                    allow_none=True,
+                    pdu.event_id, allow_rejected=True, allow_none=True
                 )
 
             if not res and pdu.origin != origin:
@@ -98,23 +97,16 @@ class FederationBase(object):
 
             if not res:
                 logger.warn(
-                    "Failed to find copy of %s with valid signature",
-                    pdu.event_id,
+                    "Failed to find copy of %s with valid signature", pdu.event_id
                 )
 
             defer.returnValue(res)
 
         handle = logcontext.preserve_fn(handle_check_result)
-        deferreds2 = [
-            handle(pdu, deferred)
-            for pdu, deferred in zip(pdus, deferreds)
-        ]
+        deferreds2 = [handle(pdu, deferred) for pdu, deferred in zip(pdus, deferreds)]
 
         valid_pdus = yield logcontext.make_deferred_yieldable(
-            defer.gatherResults(
-                deferreds2,
-                consumeErrors=True,
-            )
+            defer.gatherResults(deferreds2, consumeErrors=True)
         ).addErrback(unwrapFirstError)
 
         if include_none:
@@ -124,7 +116,7 @@ class FederationBase(object):
 
     def _check_sigs_and_hash(self, room_version, pdu):
         return logcontext.make_deferred_yieldable(
-            self._check_sigs_and_hashes(room_version, [pdu])[0],
+            self._check_sigs_and_hashes(room_version, [pdu])[0]
         )
 
     def _check_sigs_and_hashes(self, room_version, pdus):
@@ -159,11 +151,9 @@ class FederationBase(object):
                     # received event was probably a redacted copy (but we then use our
                     # *actual* redacted copy to be on the safe side.)
                     redacted_event = prune_event(pdu)
-                    if (
-                        set(redacted_event.keys()) == set(pdu.keys()) and
-                        set(six.iterkeys(redacted_event.content))
-                            == set(six.iterkeys(pdu.content))
-                    ):
+                    if set(redacted_event.keys()) == set(pdu.keys()) and set(
+                        six.iterkeys(redacted_event.content)
+                    ) == set(six.iterkeys(pdu.content)):
                         logger.info(
                             "Event %s seems to have been redacted; using our redacted "
                             "copy",
@@ -172,14 +162,16 @@ class FederationBase(object):
                     else:
                         logger.warning(
                             "Event %s content has been tampered, redacting",
-                            pdu.event_id, pdu.get_pdu_json(),
+                            pdu.event_id,
+                            pdu.get_pdu_json(),
                         )
                     return redacted_event
 
                 if self.spam_checker.check_event_for_spam(pdu):
                     logger.warn(
                         "Event contains spam, redacting %s: %s",
-                        pdu.event_id, pdu.get_pdu_json()
+                        pdu.event_id,
+                        pdu.get_pdu_json(),
                     )
                     return prune_event(pdu)
 
@@ -190,23 +182,24 @@ class FederationBase(object):
             with logcontext.PreserveLoggingContext(ctx):
                 logger.warn(
                     "Signature check failed for %s: %s",
-                    pdu.event_id, failure.getErrorMessage(),
+                    pdu.event_id,
+                    failure.getErrorMessage(),
                 )
             return failure
 
         for deferred, pdu in zip(deferreds, pdus):
             deferred.addCallbacks(
-                callback, errback,
-                callbackArgs=[pdu],
-                errbackArgs=[pdu],
+                callback, errback, callbackArgs=[pdu], errbackArgs=[pdu]
             )
 
         return deferreds
 
 
-class PduToCheckSig(namedtuple("PduToCheckSig", [
-    "pdu", "redacted_pdu_json", "sender_domain", "deferreds",
-])):
+class PduToCheckSig(
+    namedtuple(
+        "PduToCheckSig", ["pdu", "redacted_pdu_json", "sender_domain", "deferreds"]
+    )
+):
     pass
 
 
@@ -260,10 +253,7 @@ def _check_sigs_on_pdus(keyring, room_version, pdus):
 
     # First we check that the sender event is signed by the sender's domain
     # (except if its a 3pid invite, in which case it may be sent by any server)
-    pdus_to_check_sender = [
-        p for p in pdus_to_check
-        if not _is_invite_via_3pid(p.pdu)
-    ]
+    pdus_to_check_sender = [p for p in pdus_to_check if not _is_invite_via_3pid(p.pdu)]
 
     more_deferreds = keyring.verify_json_objects_for_server(
         [
@@ -297,7 +287,8 @@ def _check_sigs_on_pdus(keyring, room_version, pdus):
     # (ie, the room version uses old-style non-hash event IDs).
     if v.event_format == EventFormatVersions.V1:
         pdus_to_check_event_id = [
-            p for p in pdus_to_check
+            p
+            for p in pdus_to_check
             if p.sender_domain != get_domain_from_id(p.pdu.event_id)
         ]
 
@@ -315,10 +306,8 @@ def _check_sigs_on_pdus(keyring, room_version, pdus):
 
         def event_err(e, pdu_to_check):
             errmsg = (
-                "event id %s: unable to verify signature for event id domain: %s" % (
-                    pdu_to_check.pdu.event_id,
-                    e.getErrorMessage(),
-                )
+                "event id %s: unable to verify signature for event id domain: %s"
+                % (pdu_to_check.pdu.event_id, e.getErrorMessage())
             )
             # XX as above: not really sure if these are the right codes
             raise SynapseError(400, errmsg, Codes.UNAUTHORIZED)
@@ -368,21 +357,18 @@ def event_from_pdu_json(pdu_json, event_format_version, outlier=False):
     """
     # we could probably enforce a bunch of other fields here (room_id, sender,
     # origin, etc etc)
-    assert_params_in_dict(pdu_json, ('type', 'depth'))
+    assert_params_in_dict(pdu_json, ("type", "depth"))
 
-    depth = pdu_json['depth']
+    depth = pdu_json["depth"]
     if not isinstance(depth, six.integer_types):
-        raise SynapseError(400, "Depth %r not an intger" % (depth, ),
-                           Codes.BAD_JSON)
+        raise SynapseError(400, "Depth %r not an intger" % (depth,), Codes.BAD_JSON)
 
     if depth < 0:
         raise SynapseError(400, "Depth too small", Codes.BAD_JSON)
     elif depth > MAX_DEPTH:
         raise SynapseError(400, "Depth too large", Codes.BAD_JSON)
 
-    event = event_type_from_format_version(event_format_version)(
-        pdu_json,
-    )
+    event = event_type_from_format_version(event_format_version)(pdu_json)
 
     event.internal_metadata.outlier = outlier
 
diff --git a/synapse/federation/federation_client.py b/synapse/federation/federation_client.py
index 70573746d6..3883eb525e 100644
--- a/synapse/federation/federation_client.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/federation_client.py
@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@ class InvalidResponseError(RuntimeError):
     """Helper for _try_destination_list: indicates that the server returned a response
     we couldn't parse
     """
+
     pass
 
 
@@ -65,9 +66,7 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
         super(FederationClient, self).__init__(hs)
 
         self.pdu_destination_tried = {}
-        self._clock.looping_call(
-            self._clear_tried_cache, 60 * 1000,
-        )
+        self._clock.looping_call(self._clear_tried_cache, 60 * 1000)
         self.state = hs.get_state_handler()
         self.transport_layer = hs.get_federation_transport_client()
 
@@ -99,8 +98,14 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
                 self.pdu_destination_tried[event_id] = destination_dict
 
     @log_function
-    def make_query(self, destination, query_type, args,
-                   retry_on_dns_fail=False, ignore_backoff=False):
+    def make_query(
+        self,
+        destination,
+        query_type,
+        args,
+        retry_on_dns_fail=False,
+        ignore_backoff=False,
+    ):
         """Sends a federation Query to a remote homeserver of the given type
         and arguments.
 
@@ -120,7 +125,10 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
         sent_queries_counter.labels(query_type).inc()
 
         return self.transport_layer.make_query(
-            destination, query_type, args, retry_on_dns_fail=retry_on_dns_fail,
+            destination,
+            query_type,
+            args,
+            retry_on_dns_fail=retry_on_dns_fail,
             ignore_backoff=ignore_backoff,
         )
 
@@ -137,9 +145,7 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
             response
         """
         sent_queries_counter.labels("client_device_keys").inc()
-        return self.transport_layer.query_client_keys(
-            destination, content, timeout
-        )
+        return self.transport_layer.query_client_keys(destination, content, timeout)
 
     @log_function
     def query_user_devices(self, destination, user_id, timeout=30000):
@@ -147,9 +153,7 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
         server.
         """
         sent_queries_counter.labels("user_devices").inc()
-        return self.transport_layer.query_user_devices(
-            destination, user_id, timeout
-        )
+        return self.transport_layer.query_user_devices(destination, user_id, timeout)
 
     @log_function
     def claim_client_keys(self, destination, content, timeout):
@@ -164,9 +168,7 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
             response
         """
         sent_queries_counter.labels("client_one_time_keys").inc()
-        return self.transport_layer.claim_client_keys(
-            destination, content, timeout
-        )
+        return self.transport_layer.claim_client_keys(destination, content, timeout)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     @log_function
@@ -191,7 +193,8 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
             return
 
         transaction_data = yield self.transport_layer.backfill(
-            dest, room_id, extremities, limit)
+            dest, room_id, extremities, limit
+        )
 
         logger.debug("backfill transaction_data=%s", repr(transaction_data))
 
@@ -204,17 +207,19 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
         ]
 
         # FIXME: We should handle signature failures more gracefully.
-        pdus[:] = yield logcontext.make_deferred_yieldable(defer.gatherResults(
-            self._check_sigs_and_hashes(room_version, pdus),
-            consumeErrors=True,
-        ).addErrback(unwrapFirstError))
+        pdus[:] = yield logcontext.make_deferred_yieldable(
+            defer.gatherResults(
+                self._check_sigs_and_hashes(room_version, pdus), consumeErrors=True
+            ).addErrback(unwrapFirstError)
+        )
 
         defer.returnValue(pdus)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     @log_function
-    def get_pdu(self, destinations, event_id, room_version, outlier=False,
-                timeout=None):
+    def get_pdu(
+        self, destinations, event_id, room_version, outlier=False, timeout=None
+    ):
         """Requests the PDU with given origin and ID from the remote home
         servers.
 
@@ -255,7 +260,7 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
 
             try:
                 transaction_data = yield self.transport_layer.get_event(
-                    destination, event_id, timeout=timeout,
+                    destination, event_id, timeout=timeout
                 )
 
                 logger.debug(
@@ -282,8 +287,7 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
 
             except SynapseError as e:
                 logger.info(
-                    "Failed to get PDU %s from %s because %s",
-                    event_id, destination, e,
+                    "Failed to get PDU %s from %s because %s", event_id, destination, e
                 )
                 continue
             except NotRetryingDestination as e:
@@ -296,8 +300,7 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
                 pdu_attempts[destination] = now
 
                 logger.info(
-                    "Failed to get PDU %s from %s because %s",
-                    event_id, destination, e,
+                    "Failed to get PDU %s from %s because %s", event_id, destination, e
                 )
                 continue
 
@@ -326,7 +329,7 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
             # we have most of the state and auth_chain already.
             # However, this may 404 if the other side has an old synapse.
             result = yield self.transport_layer.get_room_state_ids(
-                destination, room_id, event_id=event_id,
+                destination, room_id, event_id=event_id
             )
 
             state_event_ids = result["pdu_ids"]
@@ -340,12 +343,10 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
                 logger.warning(
                     "Failed to fetch missing state/auth events for %s: %s",
                     room_id,
-                    failed_to_fetch
+                    failed_to_fetch,
                 )
 
-            event_map = {
-                ev.event_id: ev for ev in fetched_events
-            }
+            event_map = {ev.event_id: ev for ev in fetched_events}
 
             pdus = [event_map[e_id] for e_id in state_event_ids if e_id in event_map]
             auth_chain = [
@@ -362,15 +363,14 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
                 raise e
 
         result = yield self.transport_layer.get_room_state(
-            destination, room_id, event_id=event_id,
+            destination, room_id, event_id=event_id
         )
 
         room_version = yield self.store.get_room_version(room_id)
         format_ver = room_version_to_event_format(room_version)
 
         pdus = [
-            event_from_pdu_json(p, format_ver, outlier=True)
-            for p in result["pdus"]
+            event_from_pdu_json(p, format_ver, outlier=True) for p in result["pdus"]
         ]
 
         auth_chain = [
@@ -378,9 +378,9 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
             for p in result.get("auth_chain", [])
         ]
 
-        seen_events = yield self.store.get_events([
-            ev.event_id for ev in itertools.chain(pdus, auth_chain)
-        ])
+        seen_events = yield self.store.get_events(
+            [ev.event_id for ev in itertools.chain(pdus, auth_chain)]
+        )
 
         signed_pdus = yield self._check_sigs_and_hash_and_fetch(
             destination,
@@ -442,7 +442,7 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
         batch_size = 20
         missing_events = list(missing_events)
         for i in range(0, len(missing_events), batch_size):
-            batch = set(missing_events[i:i + batch_size])
+            batch = set(missing_events[i : i + batch_size])
 
             deferreds = [
                 run_in_background(
@@ -470,21 +470,17 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     @log_function
     def get_event_auth(self, destination, room_id, event_id):
-        res = yield self.transport_layer.get_event_auth(
-            destination, room_id, event_id,
-        )
+        res = yield self.transport_layer.get_event_auth(destination, room_id, event_id)
 
         room_version = yield self.store.get_room_version(room_id)
         format_ver = room_version_to_event_format(room_version)
 
         auth_chain = [
-            event_from_pdu_json(p, format_ver, outlier=True)
-            for p in res["auth_chain"]
+            event_from_pdu_json(p, format_ver, outlier=True) for p in res["auth_chain"]
         ]
 
         signed_auth = yield self._check_sigs_and_hash_and_fetch(
-            destination, auth_chain,
-            outlier=True, room_version=room_version,
+            destination, auth_chain, outlier=True, room_version=room_version
         )
 
         signed_auth.sort(key=lambda e: e.depth)
@@ -527,28 +523,26 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
                 res = yield callback(destination)
                 defer.returnValue(res)
             except InvalidResponseError as e:
-                logger.warn(
-                    "Failed to %s via %s: %s",
-                    description, destination, e,
-                )
+                logger.warn("Failed to %s via %s: %s", description, destination, e)
             except HttpResponseException as e:
                 if not 500 <= e.code < 600:
                     raise e.to_synapse_error()
                 else:
                     logger.warn(
                         "Failed to %s via %s: %i %s",
-                        description, destination, e.code, e.args[0],
+                        description,
+                        destination,
+                        e.code,
+                        e.args[0],
                     )
             except Exception:
-                logger.warn(
-                    "Failed to %s via %s",
-                    description, destination, exc_info=1,
-                )
+                logger.warn("Failed to %s via %s", description, destination, exc_info=1)
 
-        raise RuntimeError("Failed to %s via any server" % (description, ))
+        raise RuntimeError("Failed to %s via any server" % (description,))
 
-    def make_membership_event(self, destinations, room_id, user_id, membership,
-                              content, params):
+    def make_membership_event(
+        self, destinations, room_id, user_id, membership, content, params
+    ):
         """
         Creates an m.room.member event, with context, without participating in the room.
 
@@ -584,14 +578,14 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
         valid_memberships = {Membership.JOIN, Membership.LEAVE}
         if membership not in valid_memberships:
             raise RuntimeError(
-                "make_membership_event called with membership='%s', must be one of %s" %
-                (membership, ",".join(valid_memberships))
+                "make_membership_event called with membership='%s', must be one of %s"
+                % (membership, ",".join(valid_memberships))
             )
 
         @defer.inlineCallbacks
         def send_request(destination):
             ret = yield self.transport_layer.make_membership_event(
-                destination, room_id, user_id, membership, params,
+                destination, room_id, user_id, membership, params
             )
 
             # Note: If not supplied, the room version may be either v1 or v2,
@@ -614,16 +608,17 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
                 pdu_dict["prev_state"] = []
 
             ev = builder.create_local_event_from_event_dict(
-                self._clock, self.hostname, self.signing_key,
-                format_version=event_format, event_dict=pdu_dict,
+                self._clock,
+                self.hostname,
+                self.signing_key,
+                format_version=event_format,
+                event_dict=pdu_dict,
             )
 
-            defer.returnValue(
-                (destination, ev, event_format)
-            )
+            defer.returnValue((destination, ev, event_format))
 
         return self._try_destination_list(
-            "make_" + membership, destinations, send_request,
+            "make_" + membership, destinations, send_request
         )
 
     def send_join(self, destinations, pdu, event_format_version):
@@ -655,9 +650,7 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
                     create_event = e
                     break
             else:
-                raise InvalidResponseError(
-                    "no %s in auth chain" % (EventTypes.Create,),
-                )
+                raise InvalidResponseError("no %s in auth chain" % (EventTypes.Create,))
 
             # the room version should be sane.
             room_version = create_event.content.get("room_version", "1")
@@ -665,9 +658,8 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
                 # This shouldn't be possible, because the remote server should have
                 # rejected the join attempt during make_join.
                 raise InvalidResponseError(
-                    "room appears to have unsupported version %s" % (
-                        room_version,
-                    ))
+                    "room appears to have unsupported version %s" % (room_version,)
+                )
 
         @defer.inlineCallbacks
         def send_request(destination):
@@ -691,10 +683,7 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
                 for p in content.get("auth_chain", [])
             ]
 
-            pdus = {
-                p.event_id: p
-                for p in itertools.chain(state, auth_chain)
-            }
+            pdus = {p.event_id: p for p in itertools.chain(state, auth_chain)}
 
             room_version = None
             for e in state:
@@ -710,15 +699,13 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
                 raise SynapseError(400, "No create event in state")
 
             valid_pdus = yield self._check_sigs_and_hash_and_fetch(
-                destination, list(pdus.values()),
+                destination,
+                list(pdus.values()),
                 outlier=True,
                 room_version=room_version,
             )
 
-            valid_pdus_map = {
-                p.event_id: p
-                for p in valid_pdus
-            }
+            valid_pdus_map = {p.event_id: p for p in valid_pdus}
 
             # NB: We *need* to copy to ensure that we don't have multiple
             # references being passed on, as that causes... issues.
@@ -741,11 +728,14 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
 
             check_authchain_validity(signed_auth)
 
-            defer.returnValue({
-                "state": signed_state,
-                "auth_chain": signed_auth,
-                "origin": destination,
-            })
+            defer.returnValue(
+                {
+                    "state": signed_state,
+                    "auth_chain": signed_auth,
+                    "origin": destination,
+                }
+            )
+
         return self._try_destination_list("send_join", destinations, send_request)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -854,6 +844,7 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
 
             Fails with a ``RuntimeError`` if no servers were reachable.
         """
+
         @defer.inlineCallbacks
         def send_request(destination):
             time_now = self._clock.time_msec()
@@ -869,14 +860,23 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
 
         return self._try_destination_list("send_leave", destinations, send_request)
 
-    def get_public_rooms(self, destination, limit=None, since_token=None,
-                         search_filter=None, include_all_networks=False,
-                         third_party_instance_id=None):
+    def get_public_rooms(
+        self,
+        destination,
+        limit=None,
+        since_token=None,
+        search_filter=None,
+        include_all_networks=False,
+        third_party_instance_id=None,
+    ):
         if destination == self.server_name:
             return
 
         return self.transport_layer.get_public_rooms(
-            destination, limit, since_token, search_filter,
+            destination,
+            limit,
+            since_token,
+            search_filter,
             include_all_networks=include_all_networks,
             third_party_instance_id=third_party_instance_id,
         )
@@ -891,9 +891,7 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
         """
         time_now = self._clock.time_msec()
 
-        send_content = {
-            "auth_chain": [e.get_pdu_json(time_now) for e in local_auth],
-        }
+        send_content = {"auth_chain": [e.get_pdu_json(time_now) for e in local_auth]}
 
         code, content = yield self.transport_layer.send_query_auth(
             destination=destination,
@@ -905,13 +903,10 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
         room_version = yield self.store.get_room_version(room_id)
         format_ver = room_version_to_event_format(room_version)
 
-        auth_chain = [
-            event_from_pdu_json(e, format_ver)
-            for e in content["auth_chain"]
-        ]
+        auth_chain = [event_from_pdu_json(e, format_ver) for e in content["auth_chain"]]
 
         signed_auth = yield self._check_sigs_and_hash_and_fetch(
-            destination, auth_chain, outlier=True, room_version=room_version,
+            destination, auth_chain, outlier=True, room_version=room_version
         )
 
         signed_auth.sort(key=lambda e: e.depth)
@@ -925,8 +920,16 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
         defer.returnValue(ret)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_missing_events(self, destination, room_id, earliest_events_ids,
-                           latest_events, limit, min_depth, timeout):
+    def get_missing_events(
+        self,
+        destination,
+        room_id,
+        earliest_events_ids,
+        latest_events,
+        limit,
+        min_depth,
+        timeout,
+    ):
         """Tries to fetch events we are missing. This is called when we receive
         an event without having received all of its ancestors.
 
@@ -957,12 +960,11 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
             format_ver = room_version_to_event_format(room_version)
 
             events = [
-                event_from_pdu_json(e, format_ver)
-                for e in content.get("events", [])
+                event_from_pdu_json(e, format_ver) for e in content.get("events", [])
             ]
 
             signed_events = yield self._check_sigs_and_hash_and_fetch(
-                destination, events, outlier=False, room_version=room_version,
+                destination, events, outlier=False, room_version=room_version
             )
         except HttpResponseException as e:
             if not e.code == 400:
@@ -982,17 +984,14 @@ class FederationClient(FederationBase):
 
             try:
                 yield self.transport_layer.exchange_third_party_invite(
-                    destination=destination,
-                    room_id=room_id,
-                    event_dict=event_dict,
+                    destination=destination, room_id=room_id, event_dict=event_dict
                 )
                 defer.returnValue(None)
             except CodeMessageException:
                 raise
             except Exception as e:
                 logger.exception(
-                    "Failed to send_third_party_invite via %s: %s",
-                    destination, str(e)
+                    "Failed to send_third_party_invite via %s: %s", destination, str(e)
                 )
 
         raise RuntimeError("Failed to send to any server.")
diff --git a/synapse/federation/federation_server.py b/synapse/federation/federation_server.py
index 4c28c1dc3c..2e0cebb638 100644
--- a/synapse/federation/federation_server.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/federation_server.py
@@ -69,7 +69,6 @@ received_queries_counter = Counter(
 
 
 class FederationServer(FederationBase):
-
     def __init__(self, hs):
         super(FederationServer, self).__init__(hs)
 
@@ -118,11 +117,13 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
 
         # use a linearizer to ensure that we don't process the same transaction
         # multiple times in parallel.
-        with (yield self._transaction_linearizer.queue(
-                (origin, transaction.transaction_id),
-        )):
+        with (
+            yield self._transaction_linearizer.queue(
+                (origin, transaction.transaction_id)
+            )
+        ):
             result = yield self._handle_incoming_transaction(
-                origin, transaction, request_time,
+                origin, transaction, request_time
             )
 
         defer.returnValue(result)
@@ -144,7 +145,7 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
         if response:
             logger.debug(
                 "[%s] We've already responded to this request",
-                transaction.transaction_id
+                transaction.transaction_id,
             )
             defer.returnValue(response)
             return
@@ -152,18 +153,15 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
         logger.debug("[%s] Transaction is new", transaction.transaction_id)
 
         # Reject if PDU count > 50 and EDU count > 100
-        if (len(transaction.pdus) > 50
-                or (hasattr(transaction, "edus") and len(transaction.edus) > 100)):
+        if len(transaction.pdus) > 50 or (
+            hasattr(transaction, "edus") and len(transaction.edus) > 100
+        ):
 
-            logger.info(
-                "Transaction PDU or EDU count too large. Returning 400",
-            )
+            logger.info("Transaction PDU or EDU count too large. Returning 400")
 
             response = {}
             yield self.transaction_actions.set_response(
-                origin,
-                transaction,
-                400, response
+                origin, transaction, 400, response
             )
             defer.returnValue((400, response))
 
@@ -230,9 +228,7 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
             try:
                 yield self.check_server_matches_acl(origin_host, room_id)
             except AuthError as e:
-                logger.warn(
-                    "Ignoring PDUs for room %s from banned server", room_id,
-                )
+                logger.warn("Ignoring PDUs for room %s from banned server", room_id)
                 for pdu in pdus_by_room[room_id]:
                     event_id = pdu.event_id
                     pdu_results[event_id] = e.error_dict()
@@ -242,9 +238,7 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
                 event_id = pdu.event_id
                 with nested_logging_context(event_id):
                     try:
-                        yield self._handle_received_pdu(
-                            origin, pdu
-                        )
+                        yield self._handle_received_pdu(origin, pdu)
                         pdu_results[event_id] = {}
                     except FederationError as e:
                         logger.warn("Error handling PDU %s: %s", event_id, e)
@@ -259,29 +253,18 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
                         )
 
         yield concurrently_execute(
-            process_pdus_for_room, pdus_by_room.keys(),
-            TRANSACTION_CONCURRENCY_LIMIT,
+            process_pdus_for_room, pdus_by_room.keys(), TRANSACTION_CONCURRENCY_LIMIT
         )
 
         if hasattr(transaction, "edus"):
             for edu in (Edu(**x) for x in transaction.edus):
-                yield self.received_edu(
-                    origin,
-                    edu.edu_type,
-                    edu.content
-                )
+                yield self.received_edu(origin, edu.edu_type, edu.content)
 
-        response = {
-            "pdus": pdu_results,
-        }
+        response = {"pdus": pdu_results}
 
         logger.debug("Returning: %s", str(response))
 
-        yield self.transaction_actions.set_response(
-            origin,
-            transaction,
-            200, response
-        )
+        yield self.transaction_actions.set_response(origin, transaction, 200, response)
         defer.returnValue((200, response))
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -311,7 +294,8 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
             resp = yield self._state_resp_cache.wrap(
                 (room_id, event_id),
                 self._on_context_state_request_compute,
-                room_id, event_id,
+                room_id,
+                event_id,
             )
 
         defer.returnValue((200, resp))
@@ -328,24 +312,17 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
         if not in_room:
             raise AuthError(403, "Host not in room.")
 
-        state_ids = yield self.handler.get_state_ids_for_pdu(
-            room_id, event_id,
-        )
+        state_ids = yield self.handler.get_state_ids_for_pdu(room_id, event_id)
         auth_chain_ids = yield self.store.get_auth_chain_ids(state_ids)
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, {
-            "pdu_ids": state_ids,
-            "auth_chain_ids": auth_chain_ids,
-        }))
+        defer.returnValue(
+            (200, {"pdu_ids": state_ids, "auth_chain_ids": auth_chain_ids})
+        )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _on_context_state_request_compute(self, room_id, event_id):
-        pdus = yield self.handler.get_state_for_pdu(
-            room_id, event_id,
-        )
-        auth_chain = yield self.store.get_auth_chain(
-            [pdu.event_id for pdu in pdus]
-        )
+        pdus = yield self.handler.get_state_for_pdu(room_id, event_id)
+        auth_chain = yield self.store.get_auth_chain([pdu.event_id for pdu in pdus])
 
         for event in auth_chain:
             # We sign these again because there was a bug where we
@@ -355,14 +332,16 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
                     compute_event_signature(
                         event.get_pdu_json(),
                         self.hs.hostname,
-                        self.hs.config.signing_key[0]
+                        self.hs.config.signing_key[0],
                     )
                 )
 
-        defer.returnValue({
-            "pdus": [pdu.get_pdu_json() for pdu in pdus],
-            "auth_chain": [pdu.get_pdu_json() for pdu in auth_chain],
-        })
+        defer.returnValue(
+            {
+                "pdus": [pdu.get_pdu_json() for pdu in pdus],
+                "auth_chain": [pdu.get_pdu_json() for pdu in auth_chain],
+            }
+        )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     @log_function
@@ -370,9 +349,7 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
         pdu = yield self.handler.get_persisted_pdu(origin, event_id)
 
         if pdu:
-            defer.returnValue(
-                (200, self._transaction_from_pdus([pdu]).get_dict())
-            )
+            defer.returnValue((200, self._transaction_from_pdus([pdu]).get_dict()))
         else:
             defer.returnValue((404, ""))
 
@@ -394,10 +371,9 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
 
         pdu = yield self.handler.on_make_join_request(room_id, user_id)
         time_now = self._clock.time_msec()
-        defer.returnValue({
-            "event": pdu.get_pdu_json(time_now),
-            "room_version": room_version,
-        })
+        defer.returnValue(
+            {"event": pdu.get_pdu_json(time_now), "room_version": room_version}
+        )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_invite_request(self, origin, content, room_version):
@@ -431,12 +407,17 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
         logger.debug("on_send_join_request: pdu sigs: %s", pdu.signatures)
         res_pdus = yield self.handler.on_send_join_request(origin, pdu)
         time_now = self._clock.time_msec()
-        defer.returnValue((200, {
-            "state": [p.get_pdu_json(time_now) for p in res_pdus["state"]],
-            "auth_chain": [
-                p.get_pdu_json(time_now) for p in res_pdus["auth_chain"]
-            ],
-        }))
+        defer.returnValue(
+            (
+                200,
+                {
+                    "state": [p.get_pdu_json(time_now) for p in res_pdus["state"]],
+                    "auth_chain": [
+                        p.get_pdu_json(time_now) for p in res_pdus["auth_chain"]
+                    ],
+                },
+            )
+        )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_make_leave_request(self, origin, room_id, user_id):
@@ -447,10 +428,9 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
         room_version = yield self.store.get_room_version(room_id)
 
         time_now = self._clock.time_msec()
-        defer.returnValue({
-            "event": pdu.get_pdu_json(time_now),
-            "room_version": room_version,
-        })
+        defer.returnValue(
+            {"event": pdu.get_pdu_json(time_now), "room_version": room_version}
+        )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_send_leave_request(self, origin, content, room_id):
@@ -475,9 +455,7 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
 
             time_now = self._clock.time_msec()
             auth_pdus = yield self.handler.on_event_auth(event_id)
-            res = {
-                "auth_chain": [a.get_pdu_json(time_now) for a in auth_pdus],
-            }
+            res = {"auth_chain": [a.get_pdu_json(time_now) for a in auth_pdus]}
         defer.returnValue((200, res))
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -508,12 +486,11 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
             format_ver = room_version_to_event_format(room_version)
 
             auth_chain = [
-                event_from_pdu_json(e, format_ver)
-                for e in content["auth_chain"]
+                event_from_pdu_json(e, format_ver) for e in content["auth_chain"]
             ]
 
             signed_auth = yield self._check_sigs_and_hash_and_fetch(
-                origin, auth_chain, outlier=True, room_version=room_version,
+                origin, auth_chain, outlier=True, room_version=room_version
             )
 
             ret = yield self.handler.on_query_auth(
@@ -527,17 +504,12 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
 
             time_now = self._clock.time_msec()
             send_content = {
-                "auth_chain": [
-                    e.get_pdu_json(time_now)
-                    for e in ret["auth_chain"]
-                ],
+                "auth_chain": [e.get_pdu_json(time_now) for e in ret["auth_chain"]],
                 "rejects": ret.get("rejects", []),
                 "missing": ret.get("missing", []),
             }
 
-        defer.returnValue(
-            (200, send_content)
-        )
+        defer.returnValue((200, send_content))
 
     @log_function
     def on_query_client_keys(self, origin, content):
@@ -566,20 +538,23 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
 
         logger.info(
             "Claimed one-time-keys: %s",
-            ",".join((
-                "%s for %s:%s" % (key_id, user_id, device_id)
-                for user_id, user_keys in iteritems(json_result)
-                for device_id, device_keys in iteritems(user_keys)
-                for key_id, _ in iteritems(device_keys)
-            )),
+            ",".join(
+                (
+                    "%s for %s:%s" % (key_id, user_id, device_id)
+                    for user_id, user_keys in iteritems(json_result)
+                    for device_id, device_keys in iteritems(user_keys)
+                    for key_id, _ in iteritems(device_keys)
+                )
+            ),
         )
 
         defer.returnValue({"one_time_keys": json_result})
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     @log_function
-    def on_get_missing_events(self, origin, room_id, earliest_events,
-                              latest_events, limit):
+    def on_get_missing_events(
+        self, origin, room_id, earliest_events, latest_events, limit
+    ):
         with (yield self._server_linearizer.queue((origin, room_id))):
             origin_host, _ = parse_server_name(origin)
             yield self.check_server_matches_acl(origin_host, room_id)
@@ -587,11 +562,13 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
             logger.info(
                 "on_get_missing_events: earliest_events: %r, latest_events: %r,"
                 " limit: %d",
-                earliest_events, latest_events, limit,
+                earliest_events,
+                latest_events,
+                limit,
             )
 
             missing_events = yield self.handler.on_get_missing_events(
-                origin, room_id, earliest_events, latest_events, limit,
+                origin, room_id, earliest_events, latest_events, limit
             )
 
             if len(missing_events) < 5:
@@ -603,9 +580,9 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
 
             time_now = self._clock.time_msec()
 
-        defer.returnValue({
-            "events": [ev.get_pdu_json(time_now) for ev in missing_events],
-        })
+        defer.returnValue(
+            {"events": [ev.get_pdu_json(time_now) for ev in missing_events]}
+        )
 
     @log_function
     def on_openid_userinfo(self, token):
@@ -666,22 +643,17 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
             # origin. See bug #1893. This is also true for some third party
             # invites).
             if not (
-                pdu.type == 'm.room.member' and
-                pdu.content and
-                pdu.content.get("membership", None) in (
-                    Membership.JOIN, Membership.INVITE,
-                )
+                pdu.type == "m.room.member"
+                and pdu.content
+                and pdu.content.get("membership", None)
+                in (Membership.JOIN, Membership.INVITE)
             ):
                 logger.info(
-                    "Discarding PDU %s from invalid origin %s",
-                    pdu.event_id, origin
+                    "Discarding PDU %s from invalid origin %s", pdu.event_id, origin
                 )
                 return
             else:
-                logger.info(
-                    "Accepting join PDU %s from %s",
-                    pdu.event_id, origin
-                )
+                logger.info("Accepting join PDU %s from %s", pdu.event_id, origin)
 
         # We've already checked that we know the room version by this point
         room_version = yield self.store.get_room_version(pdu.room_id)
@@ -690,33 +662,19 @@ class FederationServer(FederationBase):
         try:
             pdu = yield self._check_sigs_and_hash(room_version, pdu)
         except SynapseError as e:
-            raise FederationError(
-                "ERROR",
-                e.code,
-                e.msg,
-                affected=pdu.event_id,
-            )
+            raise FederationError("ERROR", e.code, e.msg, affected=pdu.event_id)
 
-        yield self.handler.on_receive_pdu(
-            origin, pdu, sent_to_us_directly=True,
-        )
+        yield self.handler.on_receive_pdu(origin, pdu, sent_to_us_directly=True)
 
     def __str__(self):
         return "<ReplicationLayer(%s)>" % self.server_name
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def exchange_third_party_invite(
-            self,
-            sender_user_id,
-            target_user_id,
-            room_id,
-            signed,
+        self, sender_user_id, target_user_id, room_id, signed
     ):
         ret = yield self.handler.exchange_third_party_invite(
-            sender_user_id,
-            target_user_id,
-            room_id,
-            signed,
+            sender_user_id, target_user_id, room_id, signed
         )
         defer.returnValue(ret)
 
@@ -771,7 +729,7 @@ def server_matches_acl_event(server_name, acl_event):
         allow_ip_literals = True
     if not allow_ip_literals:
         # check for ipv6 literals. These start with '['.
-        if server_name[0] == '[':
+        if server_name[0] == "[":
             return False
 
         # check for ipv4 literals. We can just lift the routine from twisted.
@@ -805,7 +763,9 @@ def server_matches_acl_event(server_name, acl_event):
 
 def _acl_entry_matches(server_name, acl_entry):
     if not isinstance(acl_entry, six.string_types):
-        logger.warn("Ignoring non-str ACL entry '%s' (is %s)", acl_entry, type(acl_entry))
+        logger.warn(
+            "Ignoring non-str ACL entry '%s' (is %s)", acl_entry, type(acl_entry)
+        )
         return False
     regex = glob_to_regex(acl_entry)
     return regex.match(server_name)
@@ -815,6 +775,7 @@ class FederationHandlerRegistry(object):
     """Allows classes to register themselves as handlers for a given EDU or
     query type for incoming federation traffic.
     """
+
     def __init__(self):
         self.edu_handlers = {}
         self.query_handlers = {}
@@ -848,9 +809,7 @@ class FederationHandlerRegistry(object):
                 on and the result used as the response to the query request.
         """
         if query_type in self.query_handlers:
-            raise KeyError(
-                "Already have a Query handler for %s" % (query_type,)
-            )
+            raise KeyError("Already have a Query handler for %s" % (query_type,))
 
         logger.info("Registering federation query handler for %r", query_type)
 
@@ -905,14 +864,10 @@ class ReplicationFederationHandlerRegistry(FederationHandlerRegistry):
         handler = self.edu_handlers.get(edu_type)
         if handler:
             return super(ReplicationFederationHandlerRegistry, self).on_edu(
-                edu_type, origin, content,
+                edu_type, origin, content
             )
 
-        return self._send_edu(
-            edu_type=edu_type,
-            origin=origin,
-            content=content,
-        )
+        return self._send_edu(edu_type=edu_type, origin=origin, content=content)
 
     def on_query(self, query_type, args):
         """Overrides FederationHandlerRegistry
@@ -921,7 +876,4 @@ class ReplicationFederationHandlerRegistry(FederationHandlerRegistry):
         if handler:
             return handler(args)
 
-        return self._get_query_client(
-            query_type=query_type,
-            args=args,
-        )
+        return self._get_query_client(query_type=query_type, args=args)
diff --git a/synapse/federation/persistence.py b/synapse/federation/persistence.py
index 74ffd13b4f..7535f79203 100644
--- a/synapse/federation/persistence.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/persistence.py
@@ -46,12 +46,9 @@ class TransactionActions(object):
             response code and response body.
         """
         if not transaction.transaction_id:
-            raise RuntimeError("Cannot persist a transaction with no "
-                               "transaction_id")
+            raise RuntimeError("Cannot persist a transaction with no " "transaction_id")
 
-        return self.store.get_received_txn_response(
-            transaction.transaction_id, origin
-        )
+        return self.store.get_received_txn_response(transaction.transaction_id, origin)
 
     @log_function
     def set_response(self, origin, transaction, code, response):
@@ -61,14 +58,10 @@ class TransactionActions(object):
             Deferred
         """
         if not transaction.transaction_id:
-            raise RuntimeError("Cannot persist a transaction with no "
-                               "transaction_id")
+            raise RuntimeError("Cannot persist a transaction with no " "transaction_id")
 
         return self.store.set_received_txn_response(
-            transaction.transaction_id,
-            origin,
-            code,
-            response,
+            transaction.transaction_id, origin, code, response
         )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
diff --git a/synapse/federation/send_queue.py b/synapse/federation/send_queue.py
index 0240b339b0..454456a52d 100644
--- a/synapse/federation/send_queue.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/send_queue.py
@@ -77,12 +77,22 @@ class FederationRemoteSendQueue(object):
         # lambda binds to the queue rather than to the name of the queue which
         # changes. ARGH.
         def register(name, queue):
-            LaterGauge("synapse_federation_send_queue_%s_size" % (queue_name,),
-                       "", [], lambda: len(queue))
+            LaterGauge(
+                "synapse_federation_send_queue_%s_size" % (queue_name,),
+                "",
+                [],
+                lambda: len(queue),
+            )
 
         for queue_name in [
-            "presence_map", "presence_changed", "keyed_edu", "keyed_edu_changed",
-            "edus", "device_messages", "pos_time", "presence_destinations",
+            "presence_map",
+            "presence_changed",
+            "keyed_edu",
+            "keyed_edu_changed",
+            "edus",
+            "device_messages",
+            "pos_time",
+            "presence_destinations",
         ]:
             register(queue_name, getattr(self, queue_name))
 
@@ -121,9 +131,7 @@ class FederationRemoteSendQueue(object):
                 del self.presence_changed[key]
 
             user_ids = set(
-                user_id
-                for uids in self.presence_changed.values()
-                for user_id in uids
+                user_id for uids in self.presence_changed.values() for user_id in uids
             )
 
             keys = self.presence_destinations.keys()
@@ -285,19 +293,21 @@ class FederationRemoteSendQueue(object):
         ]
 
         for (key, user_id) in dest_user_ids:
-            rows.append((key, PresenceRow(
-                state=self.presence_map[user_id],
-            )))
+            rows.append((key, PresenceRow(state=self.presence_map[user_id])))
 
         # Fetch presence to send to destinations
         i = self.presence_destinations.bisect_right(from_token)
         j = self.presence_destinations.bisect_right(to_token) + 1
 
         for pos, (user_id, dests) in self.presence_destinations.items()[i:j]:
-            rows.append((pos, PresenceDestinationsRow(
-                state=self.presence_map[user_id],
-                destinations=list(dests),
-            )))
+            rows.append(
+                (
+                    pos,
+                    PresenceDestinationsRow(
+                        state=self.presence_map[user_id], destinations=list(dests)
+                    ),
+                )
+            )
 
         # Fetch changes keyed edus
         i = self.keyed_edu_changed.bisect_right(from_token)
@@ -308,10 +318,14 @@ class FederationRemoteSendQueue(object):
         keyed_edus = {v: k for k, v in self.keyed_edu_changed.items()[i:j]}
 
         for ((destination, edu_key), pos) in iteritems(keyed_edus):
-            rows.append((pos, KeyedEduRow(
-                key=edu_key,
-                edu=self.keyed_edu[(destination, edu_key)],
-            )))
+            rows.append(
+                (
+                    pos,
+                    KeyedEduRow(
+                        key=edu_key, edu=self.keyed_edu[(destination, edu_key)]
+                    ),
+                )
+            )
 
         # Fetch changed edus
         i = self.edus.bisect_right(from_token)
@@ -327,9 +341,7 @@ class FederationRemoteSendQueue(object):
         device_messages = {v: k for k, v in self.device_messages.items()[i:j]}
 
         for (destination, pos) in iteritems(device_messages):
-            rows.append((pos, DeviceRow(
-                destination=destination,
-            )))
+            rows.append((pos, DeviceRow(destination=destination)))
 
         # Sort rows based on pos
         rows.sort()
@@ -377,16 +389,14 @@ class BaseFederationRow(object):
         raise NotImplementedError()
 
 
-class PresenceRow(BaseFederationRow, namedtuple("PresenceRow", (
-    "state",  # UserPresenceState
-))):
+class PresenceRow(
+    BaseFederationRow, namedtuple("PresenceRow", ("state",))  # UserPresenceState
+):
     TypeId = "p"
 
     @staticmethod
     def from_data(data):
-        return PresenceRow(
-            state=UserPresenceState.from_dict(data)
-        )
+        return PresenceRow(state=UserPresenceState.from_dict(data))
 
     def to_data(self):
         return self.state.as_dict()
@@ -395,33 +405,35 @@ class PresenceRow(BaseFederationRow, namedtuple("PresenceRow", (
         buff.presence.append(self.state)
 
 
-class PresenceDestinationsRow(BaseFederationRow, namedtuple("PresenceDestinationsRow", (
-    "state",  # UserPresenceState
-    "destinations",  # list[str]
-))):
+class PresenceDestinationsRow(
+    BaseFederationRow,
+    namedtuple(
+        "PresenceDestinationsRow",
+        ("state", "destinations"),  # UserPresenceState  # list[str]
+    ),
+):
     TypeId = "pd"
 
     @staticmethod
     def from_data(data):
         return PresenceDestinationsRow(
-            state=UserPresenceState.from_dict(data["state"]),
-            destinations=data["dests"],
+            state=UserPresenceState.from_dict(data["state"]), destinations=data["dests"]
         )
 
     def to_data(self):
-        return {
-            "state": self.state.as_dict(),
-            "dests": self.destinations,
-        }
+        return {"state": self.state.as_dict(), "dests": self.destinations}
 
     def add_to_buffer(self, buff):
         buff.presence_destinations.append((self.state, self.destinations))
 
 
-class KeyedEduRow(BaseFederationRow, namedtuple("KeyedEduRow", (
-    "key",  # tuple(str) - the edu key passed to send_edu
-    "edu",  # Edu
-))):
+class KeyedEduRow(
+    BaseFederationRow,
+    namedtuple(
+        "KeyedEduRow",
+        ("key", "edu"),  # tuple(str) - the edu key passed to send_edu  # Edu
+    ),
+):
     """Streams EDUs that have an associated key that is ued to clobber. For example,
     typing EDUs clobber based on room_id.
     """
@@ -430,28 +442,19 @@ class KeyedEduRow(BaseFederationRow, namedtuple("KeyedEduRow", (
 
     @staticmethod
     def from_data(data):
-        return KeyedEduRow(
-            key=tuple(data["key"]),
-            edu=Edu(**data["edu"]),
-        )
+        return KeyedEduRow(key=tuple(data["key"]), edu=Edu(**data["edu"]))
 
     def to_data(self):
-        return {
-            "key": self.key,
-            "edu": self.edu.get_internal_dict(),
-        }
+        return {"key": self.key, "edu": self.edu.get_internal_dict()}
 
     def add_to_buffer(self, buff):
-        buff.keyed_edus.setdefault(
-            self.edu.destination, {}
-        )[self.key] = self.edu
+        buff.keyed_edus.setdefault(self.edu.destination, {})[self.key] = self.edu
 
 
-class EduRow(BaseFederationRow, namedtuple("EduRow", (
-    "edu",  # Edu
-))):
+class EduRow(BaseFederationRow, namedtuple("EduRow", ("edu",))):  # Edu
     """Streams EDUs that don't have keys. See KeyedEduRow
     """
+
     TypeId = "e"
 
     @staticmethod
@@ -465,13 +468,12 @@ class EduRow(BaseFederationRow, namedtuple("EduRow", (
         buff.edus.setdefault(self.edu.destination, []).append(self.edu)
 
 
-class DeviceRow(BaseFederationRow, namedtuple("DeviceRow", (
-    "destination",  # str
-))):
+class DeviceRow(BaseFederationRow, namedtuple("DeviceRow", ("destination",))):  # str
     """Streams the fact that either a) there is pending to device messages for
     users on the remote, or b) a local users device has changed and needs to
     be sent to the remote.
     """
+
     TypeId = "d"
 
     @staticmethod
@@ -487,23 +489,20 @@ class DeviceRow(BaseFederationRow, namedtuple("DeviceRow", (
 
 TypeToRow = {
     Row.TypeId: Row
-    for Row in (
-        PresenceRow,
-        PresenceDestinationsRow,
-        KeyedEduRow,
-        EduRow,
-        DeviceRow,
-    )
+    for Row in (PresenceRow, PresenceDestinationsRow, KeyedEduRow, EduRow, DeviceRow)
 }
 
 
-ParsedFederationStreamData = namedtuple("ParsedFederationStreamData", (
-    "presence",  # list(UserPresenceState)
-    "presence_destinations",  # list of tuples of UserPresenceState and destinations
-    "keyed_edus",  # dict of destination -> { key -> Edu }
-    "edus",  # dict of destination -> [Edu]
-    "device_destinations",  # set of destinations
-))
+ParsedFederationStreamData = namedtuple(
+    "ParsedFederationStreamData",
+    (
+        "presence",  # list(UserPresenceState)
+        "presence_destinations",  # list of tuples of UserPresenceState and destinations
+        "keyed_edus",  # dict of destination -> { key -> Edu }
+        "edus",  # dict of destination -> [Edu]
+        "device_destinations",  # set of destinations
+    ),
+)
 
 
 def process_rows_for_federation(transaction_queue, rows):
@@ -542,7 +541,7 @@ def process_rows_for_federation(transaction_queue, rows):
 
     for state, destinations in buff.presence_destinations:
         transaction_queue.send_presence_to_destinations(
-            states=[state], destinations=destinations,
+            states=[state], destinations=destinations
         )
 
     for destination, edu_map in iteritems(buff.keyed_edus):
diff --git a/synapse/federation/sender/__init__.py b/synapse/federation/sender/__init__.py
index 4224b29ecf..45eea4870e 100644
--- a/synapse/federation/sender/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/sender/__init__.py
@@ -44,8 +44,8 @@ sent_pdus_destination_dist_count = Counter(
 )
 
 sent_pdus_destination_dist_total = Counter(
-    "synapse_federation_client_sent_pdu_destinations:total", ""
-    "Total number of PDUs queued for sending across all destinations",
+    "synapse_federation_client_sent_pdu_destinations:total",
+    "" "Total number of PDUs queued for sending across all destinations",
 )
 
 
@@ -63,14 +63,15 @@ class FederationSender(object):
         self._transaction_manager = TransactionManager(hs)
 
         # map from destination to PerDestinationQueue
-        self._per_destination_queues = {}   # type: dict[str, PerDestinationQueue]
+        self._per_destination_queues = {}  # type: dict[str, PerDestinationQueue]
 
         LaterGauge(
             "synapse_federation_transaction_queue_pending_destinations",
             "",
             [],
             lambda: sum(
-                1 for d in self._per_destination_queues.values()
+                1
+                for d in self._per_destination_queues.values()
                 if d.transmission_loop_running
             ),
         )
@@ -108,8 +109,7 @@ class FederationSender(object):
         # awaiting a call to flush_read_receipts_for_room. The presence of an entry
         # here for a given room means that we are rate-limiting RR flushes to that room,
         # and that there is a pending call to _flush_rrs_for_room in the system.
-        self._queues_awaiting_rr_flush_by_room = {
-        }   # type: dict[str, set[PerDestinationQueue]]
+        self._queues_awaiting_rr_flush_by_room = {}  # type: dict[str, set[PerDestinationQueue]]
 
         self._rr_txn_interval_per_room_ms = (
             1000.0 / hs.get_config().federation_rr_transactions_per_room_per_second
@@ -141,8 +141,7 @@ class FederationSender(object):
 
         # fire off a processing loop in the background
         run_as_background_process(
-            "process_event_queue_for_federation",
-            self._process_event_queue_loop,
+            "process_event_queue_for_federation", self._process_event_queue_loop
         )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -152,7 +151,7 @@ class FederationSender(object):
             while True:
                 last_token = yield self.store.get_federation_out_pos("events")
                 next_token, events = yield self.store.get_all_new_events_stream(
-                    last_token, self._last_poked_id, limit=100,
+                    last_token, self._last_poked_id, limit=100
                 )
 
                 logger.debug("Handling %s -> %s", last_token, next_token)
@@ -179,7 +178,7 @@ class FederationSender(object):
                         # banned then it won't receive the event because it won't
                         # be in the room after the ban.
                         destinations = yield self.state.get_current_hosts_in_room(
-                            event.room_id, latest_event_ids=event.prev_event_ids(),
+                            event.room_id, latest_event_ids=event.prev_event_ids()
                         )
                     except Exception:
                         logger.exception(
@@ -209,37 +208,40 @@ class FederationSender(object):
                 for event in events:
                     events_by_room.setdefault(event.room_id, []).append(event)
 
-                yield logcontext.make_deferred_yieldable(defer.gatherResults(
-                    [
-                        logcontext.run_in_background(handle_room_events, evs)
-                        for evs in itervalues(events_by_room)
-                    ],
-                    consumeErrors=True
-                ))
-
-                yield self.store.update_federation_out_pos(
-                    "events", next_token
+                yield logcontext.make_deferred_yieldable(
+                    defer.gatherResults(
+                        [
+                            logcontext.run_in_background(handle_room_events, evs)
+                            for evs in itervalues(events_by_room)
+                        ],
+                        consumeErrors=True,
+                    )
                 )
 
+                yield self.store.update_federation_out_pos("events", next_token)
+
                 if events:
                     now = self.clock.time_msec()
                     ts = yield self.store.get_received_ts(events[-1].event_id)
 
                     synapse.metrics.event_processing_lag.labels(
-                        "federation_sender").set(now - ts)
+                        "federation_sender"
+                    ).set(now - ts)
                     synapse.metrics.event_processing_last_ts.labels(
-                        "federation_sender").set(ts)
+                        "federation_sender"
+                    ).set(ts)
 
                     events_processed_counter.inc(len(events))
 
-                    event_processing_loop_room_count.labels(
-                        "federation_sender"
-                    ).inc(len(events_by_room))
+                    event_processing_loop_room_count.labels("federation_sender").inc(
+                        len(events_by_room)
+                    )
 
                 event_processing_loop_counter.labels("federation_sender").inc()
 
                 synapse.metrics.event_processing_positions.labels(
-                    "federation_sender").set(next_token)
+                    "federation_sender"
+                ).set(next_token)
 
         finally:
             self._is_processing = False
@@ -312,9 +314,7 @@ class FederationSender(object):
         if not domains:
             return
 
-        queues_pending_flush = self._queues_awaiting_rr_flush_by_room.get(
-            room_id
-        )
+        queues_pending_flush = self._queues_awaiting_rr_flush_by_room.get(room_id)
 
         # if there is no flush yet scheduled, we will send out these receipts with
         # immediate flushes, and schedule the next flush for this room.
@@ -377,10 +377,9 @@ class FederationSender(object):
         # updates in quick succession are correctly handled.
         # We only want to send presence for our own users, so lets always just
         # filter here just in case.
-        self.pending_presence.update({
-            state.user_id: state for state in states
-            if self.is_mine_id(state.user_id)
-        })
+        self.pending_presence.update(
+            {state.user_id: state for state in states if self.is_mine_id(state.user_id)}
+        )
 
         # We then handle the new pending presence in batches, first figuring
         # out the destinations we need to send each state to and then poking it
diff --git a/synapse/federation/sender/per_destination_queue.py b/synapse/federation/sender/per_destination_queue.py
index 22a2735405..9aab12c0d3 100644
--- a/synapse/federation/sender/per_destination_queue.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/sender/per_destination_queue.py
@@ -360,7 +360,7 @@ class PerDestinationQueue(object):
 
         # Retrieve list of new device updates to send to the destination
         now_stream_id, results = yield self._store.get_devices_by_remote(
-            self._destination, last_device_list, limit=limit,
+            self._destination, last_device_list, limit=limit
         )
         edus = [
             Edu(
@@ -381,10 +381,7 @@ class PerDestinationQueue(object):
         last_device_stream_id = self._last_device_stream_id
         to_device_stream_id = self._store.get_to_device_stream_token()
         contents, stream_id = yield self._store.get_new_device_msgs_for_remote(
-            self._destination,
-            last_device_stream_id,
-            to_device_stream_id,
-            limit,
+            self._destination, last_device_stream_id, to_device_stream_id, limit
         )
         edus = [
             Edu(
diff --git a/synapse/federation/sender/transaction_manager.py b/synapse/federation/sender/transaction_manager.py
index 35e6b8ff5b..c987bb9a0d 100644
--- a/synapse/federation/sender/transaction_manager.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/sender/transaction_manager.py
@@ -29,9 +29,10 @@ class TransactionManager(object):
 
     shared between PerDestinationQueue objects
     """
+
     def __init__(self, hs):
         self._server_name = hs.hostname
-        self.clock = hs.get_clock()   # nb must be called this for @measure_func
+        self.clock = hs.get_clock()  # nb must be called this for @measure_func
         self._store = hs.get_datastore()
         self._transaction_actions = TransactionActions(self._store)
         self._transport_layer = hs.get_federation_transport_client()
@@ -55,9 +56,9 @@ class TransactionManager(object):
         txn_id = str(self._next_txn_id)
 
         logger.debug(
-            "TX [%s] {%s} Attempting new transaction"
-            " (pdus: %d, edus: %d)",
-            destination, txn_id,
+            "TX [%s] {%s} Attempting new transaction" " (pdus: %d, edus: %d)",
+            destination,
+            txn_id,
             len(pdus),
             len(edus),
         )
@@ -79,9 +80,9 @@ class TransactionManager(object):
 
         logger.debug("TX [%s] Persisted transaction", destination)
         logger.info(
-            "TX [%s] {%s} Sending transaction [%s],"
-            " (PDUs: %d, EDUs: %d)",
-            destination, txn_id,
+            "TX [%s] {%s} Sending transaction [%s]," " (PDUs: %d, EDUs: %d)",
+            destination,
+            txn_id,
             transaction.transaction_id,
             len(pdus),
             len(edus),
@@ -112,20 +113,12 @@ class TransactionManager(object):
             response = e.response
 
             if e.code in (401, 404, 429) or 500 <= e.code:
-                logger.info(
-                    "TX [%s] {%s} got %d response",
-                    destination, txn_id, code
-                )
+                logger.info("TX [%s] {%s} got %d response", destination, txn_id, code)
                 raise e
 
-        logger.info(
-            "TX [%s] {%s} got %d response",
-            destination, txn_id, code
-        )
+        logger.info("TX [%s] {%s} got %d response", destination, txn_id, code)
 
-        yield self._transaction_actions.delivered(
-            transaction, code, response
-        )
+        yield self._transaction_actions.delivered(transaction, code, response)
 
         logger.debug("TX [%s] {%s} Marked as delivered", destination, txn_id)
 
@@ -134,13 +127,18 @@ class TransactionManager(object):
                 if "error" in r:
                     logger.warn(
                         "TX [%s] {%s} Remote returned error for %s: %s",
-                        destination, txn_id, e_id, r,
+                        destination,
+                        txn_id,
+                        e_id,
+                        r,
                     )
         else:
             for p in pdus:
                 logger.warn(
                     "TX [%s] {%s} Failed to send event %s",
-                    destination, txn_id, p.event_id,
+                    destination,
+                    txn_id,
+                    p.event_id,
                 )
             success = False
 
diff --git a/synapse/federation/transport/client.py b/synapse/federation/transport/client.py
index e424c40fdf..aecd142309 100644
--- a/synapse/federation/transport/client.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/transport/client.py
@@ -48,12 +48,13 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
         Returns:
             Deferred: Results in a dict received from the remote homeserver.
         """
-        logger.debug("get_room_state dest=%s, room=%s",
-                     destination, room_id)
+        logger.debug("get_room_state dest=%s, room=%s", destination, room_id)
 
         path = _create_v1_path("/state/%s", room_id)
         return self.client.get_json(
-            destination, path=path, args={"event_id": event_id},
+            destination,
+            path=path,
+            args={"event_id": event_id},
             try_trailing_slash_on_400=True,
         )
 
@@ -71,12 +72,13 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
         Returns:
             Deferred: Results in a dict received from the remote homeserver.
         """
-        logger.debug("get_room_state_ids dest=%s, room=%s",
-                     destination, room_id)
+        logger.debug("get_room_state_ids dest=%s, room=%s", destination, room_id)
 
         path = _create_v1_path("/state_ids/%s", room_id)
         return self.client.get_json(
-            destination, path=path, args={"event_id": event_id},
+            destination,
+            path=path,
+            args={"event_id": event_id},
             try_trailing_slash_on_400=True,
         )
 
@@ -94,13 +96,11 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
         Returns:
             Deferred: Results in a dict received from the remote homeserver.
         """
-        logger.debug("get_pdu dest=%s, event_id=%s",
-                     destination, event_id)
+        logger.debug("get_pdu dest=%s, event_id=%s", destination, event_id)
 
         path = _create_v1_path("/event/%s", event_id)
         return self.client.get_json(
-            destination, path=path, timeout=timeout,
-            try_trailing_slash_on_400=True,
+            destination, path=path, timeout=timeout, try_trailing_slash_on_400=True
         )
 
     @log_function
@@ -119,7 +119,10 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
         """
         logger.debug(
             "backfill dest=%s, room_id=%s, event_tuples=%s, limit=%s",
-            destination, room_id, repr(event_tuples), str(limit)
+            destination,
+            room_id,
+            repr(event_tuples),
+            str(limit),
         )
 
         if not event_tuples:
@@ -128,16 +131,10 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
 
         path = _create_v1_path("/backfill/%s", room_id)
 
-        args = {
-            "v": event_tuples,
-            "limit": [str(limit)],
-        }
+        args = {"v": event_tuples, "limit": [str(limit)]}
 
         return self.client.get_json(
-            destination,
-            path=path,
-            args=args,
-            try_trailing_slash_on_400=True,
+            destination, path=path, args=args, try_trailing_slash_on_400=True
         )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -163,7 +160,8 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
         """
         logger.debug(
             "send_data dest=%s, txid=%s",
-            transaction.destination, transaction.transaction_id
+            transaction.destination,
+            transaction.transaction_id,
         )
 
         if transaction.destination == self.server_name:
@@ -189,8 +187,9 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     @log_function
-    def make_query(self, destination, query_type, args, retry_on_dns_fail,
-                   ignore_backoff=False):
+    def make_query(
+        self, destination, query_type, args, retry_on_dns_fail, ignore_backoff=False
+    ):
         path = _create_v1_path("/query/%s", query_type)
 
         content = yield self.client.get_json(
@@ -235,8 +234,8 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
         valid_memberships = {Membership.JOIN, Membership.LEAVE}
         if membership not in valid_memberships:
             raise RuntimeError(
-                "make_membership_event called with membership='%s', must be one of %s" %
-                (membership, ",".join(valid_memberships))
+                "make_membership_event called with membership='%s', must be one of %s"
+                % (membership, ",".join(valid_memberships))
             )
         path = _create_v1_path("/make_%s/%s/%s", membership, room_id, user_id)
 
@@ -268,9 +267,7 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
         path = _create_v1_path("/send_join/%s/%s", room_id, event_id)
 
         response = yield self.client.put_json(
-            destination=destination,
-            path=path,
-            data=content,
+            destination=destination, path=path, data=content
         )
 
         defer.returnValue(response)
@@ -284,7 +281,6 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
             destination=destination,
             path=path,
             data=content,
-
             # we want to do our best to send this through. The problem is
             # that if it fails, we won't retry it later, so if the remote
             # server was just having a momentary blip, the room will be out of
@@ -300,10 +296,7 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
         path = _create_v1_path("/invite/%s/%s", room_id, event_id)
 
         response = yield self.client.put_json(
-            destination=destination,
-            path=path,
-            data=content,
-            ignore_backoff=True,
+            destination=destination, path=path, data=content, ignore_backoff=True
         )
 
         defer.returnValue(response)
@@ -314,26 +307,27 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
         path = _create_v2_path("/invite/%s/%s", room_id, event_id)
 
         response = yield self.client.put_json(
-            destination=destination,
-            path=path,
-            data=content,
-            ignore_backoff=True,
+            destination=destination, path=path, data=content, ignore_backoff=True
         )
 
         defer.returnValue(response)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     @log_function
-    def get_public_rooms(self, remote_server, limit, since_token,
-                         search_filter=None, include_all_networks=False,
-                         third_party_instance_id=None):
+    def get_public_rooms(
+        self,
+        remote_server,
+        limit,
+        since_token,
+        search_filter=None,
+        include_all_networks=False,
+        third_party_instance_id=None,
+    ):
         path = _create_v1_path("/publicRooms")
 
-        args = {
-            "include_all_networks": "true" if include_all_networks else "false",
-        }
+        args = {"include_all_networks": "true" if include_all_networks else "false"}
         if third_party_instance_id:
-            args["third_party_instance_id"] = third_party_instance_id,
+            args["third_party_instance_id"] = (third_party_instance_id,)
         if limit:
             args["limit"] = [str(limit)]
         if since_token:
@@ -342,10 +336,7 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
         # TODO(erikj): Actually send the search_filter across federation.
 
         response = yield self.client.get_json(
-            destination=remote_server,
-            path=path,
-            args=args,
-            ignore_backoff=True,
+            destination=remote_server, path=path, args=args, ignore_backoff=True
         )
 
         defer.returnValue(response)
@@ -353,12 +344,10 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     @log_function
     def exchange_third_party_invite(self, destination, room_id, event_dict):
-        path = _create_v1_path("/exchange_third_party_invite/%s", room_id,)
+        path = _create_v1_path("/exchange_third_party_invite/%s", room_id)
 
         response = yield self.client.put_json(
-            destination=destination,
-            path=path,
-            data=event_dict,
+            destination=destination, path=path, data=event_dict
         )
 
         defer.returnValue(response)
@@ -368,10 +357,7 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
     def get_event_auth(self, destination, room_id, event_id):
         path = _create_v1_path("/event_auth/%s/%s", room_id, event_id)
 
-        content = yield self.client.get_json(
-            destination=destination,
-            path=path,
-        )
+        content = yield self.client.get_json(destination=destination, path=path)
 
         defer.returnValue(content)
 
@@ -381,9 +367,7 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
         path = _create_v1_path("/query_auth/%s/%s", room_id, event_id)
 
         content = yield self.client.post_json(
-            destination=destination,
-            path=path,
-            data=content,
+            destination=destination, path=path, data=content
         )
 
         defer.returnValue(content)
@@ -416,10 +400,7 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
         path = _create_v1_path("/user/keys/query")
 
         content = yield self.client.post_json(
-            destination=destination,
-            path=path,
-            data=query_content,
-            timeout=timeout,
+            destination=destination, path=path, data=query_content, timeout=timeout
         )
         defer.returnValue(content)
 
@@ -443,9 +424,7 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
         path = _create_v1_path("/user/devices/%s", user_id)
 
         content = yield self.client.get_json(
-            destination=destination,
-            path=path,
-            timeout=timeout,
+            destination=destination, path=path, timeout=timeout
         )
         defer.returnValue(content)
 
@@ -479,18 +458,23 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
         path = _create_v1_path("/user/keys/claim")
 
         content = yield self.client.post_json(
-            destination=destination,
-            path=path,
-            data=query_content,
-            timeout=timeout,
+            destination=destination, path=path, data=query_content, timeout=timeout
         )
         defer.returnValue(content)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     @log_function
-    def get_missing_events(self, destination, room_id, earliest_events,
-                           latest_events, limit, min_depth, timeout):
-        path = _create_v1_path("/get_missing_events/%s", room_id,)
+    def get_missing_events(
+        self,
+        destination,
+        room_id,
+        earliest_events,
+        latest_events,
+        limit,
+        min_depth,
+        timeout,
+    ):
+        path = _create_v1_path("/get_missing_events/%s", room_id)
 
         content = yield self.client.post_json(
             destination=destination,
@@ -510,7 +494,7 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
     def get_group_profile(self, destination, group_id, requester_user_id):
         """Get a group profile
         """
-        path = _create_v1_path("/groups/%s/profile", group_id,)
+        path = _create_v1_path("/groups/%s/profile", group_id)
 
         return self.client.get_json(
             destination=destination,
@@ -529,7 +513,7 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
             requester_user_id (str)
             content (dict): The new profile of the group
         """
-        path = _create_v1_path("/groups/%s/profile", group_id,)
+        path = _create_v1_path("/groups/%s/profile", group_id)
 
         return self.client.post_json(
             destination=destination,
@@ -543,7 +527,7 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
     def get_group_summary(self, destination, group_id, requester_user_id):
         """Get a group summary
         """
-        path = _create_v1_path("/groups/%s/summary", group_id,)
+        path = _create_v1_path("/groups/%s/summary", group_id)
 
         return self.client.get_json(
             destination=destination,
@@ -556,7 +540,7 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
     def get_rooms_in_group(self, destination, group_id, requester_user_id):
         """Get all rooms in a group
         """
-        path = _create_v1_path("/groups/%s/rooms", group_id,)
+        path = _create_v1_path("/groups/%s/rooms", group_id)
 
         return self.client.get_json(
             destination=destination,
@@ -565,11 +549,12 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
             ignore_backoff=True,
         )
 
-    def add_room_to_group(self, destination, group_id, requester_user_id, room_id,
-                          content):
+    def add_room_to_group(
+        self, destination, group_id, requester_user_id, room_id, content
+    ):
         """Add a room to a group
         """
-        path = _create_v1_path("/groups/%s/room/%s", group_id, room_id,)
+        path = _create_v1_path("/groups/%s/room/%s", group_id, room_id)
 
         return self.client.post_json(
             destination=destination,
@@ -579,13 +564,13 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
             ignore_backoff=True,
         )
 
-    def update_room_in_group(self, destination, group_id, requester_user_id, room_id,
-                             config_key, content):
+    def update_room_in_group(
+        self, destination, group_id, requester_user_id, room_id, config_key, content
+    ):
         """Update room in group
         """
         path = _create_v1_path(
-            "/groups/%s/room/%s/config/%s",
-            group_id, room_id, config_key,
+            "/groups/%s/room/%s/config/%s", group_id, room_id, config_key
         )
 
         return self.client.post_json(
@@ -599,7 +584,7 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
     def remove_room_from_group(self, destination, group_id, requester_user_id, room_id):
         """Remove a room from a group
         """
-        path = _create_v1_path("/groups/%s/room/%s", group_id, room_id,)
+        path = _create_v1_path("/groups/%s/room/%s", group_id, room_id)
 
         return self.client.delete_json(
             destination=destination,
@@ -612,7 +597,7 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
     def get_users_in_group(self, destination, group_id, requester_user_id):
         """Get users in a group
         """
-        path = _create_v1_path("/groups/%s/users", group_id,)
+        path = _create_v1_path("/groups/%s/users", group_id)
 
         return self.client.get_json(
             destination=destination,
@@ -625,7 +610,7 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
     def get_invited_users_in_group(self, destination, group_id, requester_user_id):
         """Get users that have been invited to a group
         """
-        path = _create_v1_path("/groups/%s/invited_users", group_id,)
+        path = _create_v1_path("/groups/%s/invited_users", group_id)
 
         return self.client.get_json(
             destination=destination,
@@ -638,16 +623,10 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
     def accept_group_invite(self, destination, group_id, user_id, content):
         """Accept a group invite
         """
-        path = _create_v1_path(
-            "/groups/%s/users/%s/accept_invite",
-            group_id, user_id,
-        )
+        path = _create_v1_path("/groups/%s/users/%s/accept_invite", group_id, user_id)
 
         return self.client.post_json(
-            destination=destination,
-            path=path,
-            data=content,
-            ignore_backoff=True,
+            destination=destination, path=path, data=content, ignore_backoff=True
         )
 
     @log_function
@@ -657,14 +636,13 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
         path = _create_v1_path("/groups/%s/users/%s/join", group_id, user_id)
 
         return self.client.post_json(
-            destination=destination,
-            path=path,
-            data=content,
-            ignore_backoff=True,
+            destination=destination, path=path, data=content, ignore_backoff=True
         )
 
     @log_function
-    def invite_to_group(self, destination, group_id, user_id, requester_user_id, content):
+    def invite_to_group(
+        self, destination, group_id, user_id, requester_user_id, content
+    ):
         """Invite a user to a group
         """
         path = _create_v1_path("/groups/%s/users/%s/invite", group_id, user_id)
@@ -686,15 +664,13 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
         path = _create_v1_path("/groups/local/%s/users/%s/invite", group_id, user_id)
 
         return self.client.post_json(
-            destination=destination,
-            path=path,
-            data=content,
-            ignore_backoff=True,
+            destination=destination, path=path, data=content, ignore_backoff=True
         )
 
     @log_function
-    def remove_user_from_group(self, destination, group_id, requester_user_id,
-                               user_id, content):
+    def remove_user_from_group(
+        self, destination, group_id, requester_user_id, user_id, content
+    ):
         """Remove a user fron a group
         """
         path = _create_v1_path("/groups/%s/users/%s/remove", group_id, user_id)
@@ -708,8 +684,9 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
         )
 
     @log_function
-    def remove_user_from_group_notification(self, destination, group_id, user_id,
-                                            content):
+    def remove_user_from_group_notification(
+        self, destination, group_id, user_id, content
+    ):
         """Sent by group server to inform a user's server that they have been
         kicked from the group.
         """
@@ -717,10 +694,7 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
         path = _create_v1_path("/groups/local/%s/users/%s/remove", group_id, user_id)
 
         return self.client.post_json(
-            destination=destination,
-            path=path,
-            data=content,
-            ignore_backoff=True,
+            destination=destination, path=path, data=content, ignore_backoff=True
         )
 
     @log_function
@@ -732,24 +706,24 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
         path = _create_v1_path("/groups/%s/renew_attestation/%s", group_id, user_id)
 
         return self.client.post_json(
-            destination=destination,
-            path=path,
-            data=content,
-            ignore_backoff=True,
+            destination=destination, path=path, data=content, ignore_backoff=True
         )
 
     @log_function
-    def update_group_summary_room(self, destination, group_id, user_id, room_id,
-                                  category_id, content):
+    def update_group_summary_room(
+        self, destination, group_id, user_id, room_id, category_id, content
+    ):
         """Update a room entry in a group summary
         """
         if category_id:
             path = _create_v1_path(
                 "/groups/%s/summary/categories/%s/rooms/%s",
-                group_id, category_id, room_id,
+                group_id,
+                category_id,
+                room_id,
             )
         else:
-            path = _create_v1_path("/groups/%s/summary/rooms/%s", group_id, room_id,)
+            path = _create_v1_path("/groups/%s/summary/rooms/%s", group_id, room_id)
 
         return self.client.post_json(
             destination=destination,
@@ -760,17 +734,20 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
         )
 
     @log_function
-    def delete_group_summary_room(self, destination, group_id, user_id, room_id,
-                                  category_id):
+    def delete_group_summary_room(
+        self, destination, group_id, user_id, room_id, category_id
+    ):
         """Delete a room entry in a group summary
         """
         if category_id:
             path = _create_v1_path(
                 "/groups/%s/summary/categories/%s/rooms/%s",
-                group_id, category_id, room_id,
+                group_id,
+                category_id,
+                room_id,
             )
         else:
-            path = _create_v1_path("/groups/%s/summary/rooms/%s", group_id, room_id,)
+            path = _create_v1_path("/groups/%s/summary/rooms/%s", group_id, room_id)
 
         return self.client.delete_json(
             destination=destination,
@@ -783,7 +760,7 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
     def get_group_categories(self, destination, group_id, requester_user_id):
         """Get all categories in a group
         """
-        path = _create_v1_path("/groups/%s/categories", group_id,)
+        path = _create_v1_path("/groups/%s/categories", group_id)
 
         return self.client.get_json(
             destination=destination,
@@ -796,7 +773,7 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
     def get_group_category(self, destination, group_id, requester_user_id, category_id):
         """Get category info in a group
         """
-        path = _create_v1_path("/groups/%s/categories/%s", group_id, category_id,)
+        path = _create_v1_path("/groups/%s/categories/%s", group_id, category_id)
 
         return self.client.get_json(
             destination=destination,
@@ -806,11 +783,12 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
         )
 
     @log_function
-    def update_group_category(self, destination, group_id, requester_user_id, category_id,
-                              content):
+    def update_group_category(
+        self, destination, group_id, requester_user_id, category_id, content
+    ):
         """Update a category in a group
         """
-        path = _create_v1_path("/groups/%s/categories/%s", group_id, category_id,)
+        path = _create_v1_path("/groups/%s/categories/%s", group_id, category_id)
 
         return self.client.post_json(
             destination=destination,
@@ -821,11 +799,12 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
         )
 
     @log_function
-    def delete_group_category(self, destination, group_id, requester_user_id,
-                              category_id):
+    def delete_group_category(
+        self, destination, group_id, requester_user_id, category_id
+    ):
         """Delete a category in a group
         """
-        path = _create_v1_path("/groups/%s/categories/%s", group_id, category_id,)
+        path = _create_v1_path("/groups/%s/categories/%s", group_id, category_id)
 
         return self.client.delete_json(
             destination=destination,
@@ -838,7 +817,7 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
     def get_group_roles(self, destination, group_id, requester_user_id):
         """Get all roles in a group
         """
-        path = _create_v1_path("/groups/%s/roles", group_id,)
+        path = _create_v1_path("/groups/%s/roles", group_id)
 
         return self.client.get_json(
             destination=destination,
@@ -851,7 +830,7 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
     def get_group_role(self, destination, group_id, requester_user_id, role_id):
         """Get a roles info
         """
-        path = _create_v1_path("/groups/%s/roles/%s", group_id, role_id,)
+        path = _create_v1_path("/groups/%s/roles/%s", group_id, role_id)
 
         return self.client.get_json(
             destination=destination,
@@ -861,11 +840,12 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
         )
 
     @log_function
-    def update_group_role(self, destination, group_id, requester_user_id, role_id,
-                          content):
+    def update_group_role(
+        self, destination, group_id, requester_user_id, role_id, content
+    ):
         """Update a role in a group
         """
-        path = _create_v1_path("/groups/%s/roles/%s", group_id, role_id,)
+        path = _create_v1_path("/groups/%s/roles/%s", group_id, role_id)
 
         return self.client.post_json(
             destination=destination,
@@ -879,7 +859,7 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
     def delete_group_role(self, destination, group_id, requester_user_id, role_id):
         """Delete a role in a group
         """
-        path = _create_v1_path("/groups/%s/roles/%s", group_id, role_id,)
+        path = _create_v1_path("/groups/%s/roles/%s", group_id, role_id)
 
         return self.client.delete_json(
             destination=destination,
@@ -889,17 +869,17 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
         )
 
     @log_function
-    def update_group_summary_user(self, destination, group_id, requester_user_id,
-                                  user_id, role_id, content):
+    def update_group_summary_user(
+        self, destination, group_id, requester_user_id, user_id, role_id, content
+    ):
         """Update a users entry in a group
         """
         if role_id:
             path = _create_v1_path(
-                "/groups/%s/summary/roles/%s/users/%s",
-                group_id, role_id, user_id,
+                "/groups/%s/summary/roles/%s/users/%s", group_id, role_id, user_id
             )
         else:
-            path = _create_v1_path("/groups/%s/summary/users/%s", group_id, user_id,)
+            path = _create_v1_path("/groups/%s/summary/users/%s", group_id, user_id)
 
         return self.client.post_json(
             destination=destination,
@@ -910,11 +890,10 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
         )
 
     @log_function
-    def set_group_join_policy(self, destination, group_id, requester_user_id,
-                              content):
+    def set_group_join_policy(self, destination, group_id, requester_user_id, content):
         """Sets the join policy for a group
         """
-        path = _create_v1_path("/groups/%s/settings/m.join_policy", group_id,)
+        path = _create_v1_path("/groups/%s/settings/m.join_policy", group_id)
 
         return self.client.put_json(
             destination=destination,
@@ -925,17 +904,17 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
         )
 
     @log_function
-    def delete_group_summary_user(self, destination, group_id, requester_user_id,
-                                  user_id, role_id):
+    def delete_group_summary_user(
+        self, destination, group_id, requester_user_id, user_id, role_id
+    ):
         """Delete a users entry in a group
         """
         if role_id:
             path = _create_v1_path(
-                "/groups/%s/summary/roles/%s/users/%s",
-                group_id, role_id, user_id,
+                "/groups/%s/summary/roles/%s/users/%s", group_id, role_id, user_id
             )
         else:
-            path = _create_v1_path("/groups/%s/summary/users/%s", group_id, user_id,)
+            path = _create_v1_path("/groups/%s/summary/users/%s", group_id, user_id)
 
         return self.client.delete_json(
             destination=destination,
@@ -953,10 +932,7 @@ class TransportLayerClient(object):
         content = {"user_ids": user_ids}
 
         return self.client.post_json(
-            destination=destination,
-            path=path,
-            data=content,
-            ignore_backoff=True,
+            destination=destination, path=path, data=content, ignore_backoff=True
         )
 
 
@@ -975,9 +951,8 @@ def _create_v1_path(path, *args):
     Returns:
         str
     """
-    return (
-        FEDERATION_V1_PREFIX
-        + path % tuple(urllib.parse.quote(arg, "") for arg in args)
+    return FEDERATION_V1_PREFIX + path % tuple(
+        urllib.parse.quote(arg, "") for arg in args
     )
 
 
@@ -996,7 +971,6 @@ def _create_v2_path(path, *args):
     Returns:
         str
     """
-    return (
-        FEDERATION_V2_PREFIX
-        + path % tuple(urllib.parse.quote(arg, "") for arg in args)
+    return FEDERATION_V2_PREFIX + path % tuple(
+        urllib.parse.quote(arg, "") for arg in args
     )
diff --git a/synapse/federation/transport/server.py b/synapse/federation/transport/server.py
index 6cf213b895..955f0f4308 100644
--- a/synapse/federation/transport/server.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/transport/server.py
@@ -66,8 +66,7 @@ class TransportLayerServer(JsonResource):
 
         self.authenticator = Authenticator(hs)
         self.ratelimiter = FederationRateLimiter(
-            self.clock,
-            config=hs.config.rc_federation,
+            self.clock, config=hs.config.rc_federation
         )
 
         self.register_servlets()
@@ -84,11 +83,13 @@ class TransportLayerServer(JsonResource):
 
 class AuthenticationError(SynapseError):
     """There was a problem authenticating the request"""
+
     pass
 
 
 class NoAuthenticationError(AuthenticationError):
     """The request had no authentication information"""
+
     pass
 
 
@@ -105,8 +106,8 @@ class Authenticator(object):
     def authenticate_request(self, request, content):
         now = self._clock.time_msec()
         json_request = {
-            "method": request.method.decode('ascii'),
-            "uri": request.uri.decode('ascii'),
+            "method": request.method.decode("ascii"),
+            "uri": request.uri.decode("ascii"),
             "destination": self.server_name,
             "signatures": {},
         }
@@ -120,7 +121,7 @@ class Authenticator(object):
 
         if not auth_headers:
             raise NoAuthenticationError(
-                401, "Missing Authorization headers", Codes.UNAUTHORIZED,
+                401, "Missing Authorization headers", Codes.UNAUTHORIZED
             )
 
         for auth in auth_headers:
@@ -130,14 +131,14 @@ class Authenticator(object):
                 json_request["signatures"].setdefault(origin, {})[key] = sig
 
         if (
-            self.federation_domain_whitelist is not None and
-            origin not in self.federation_domain_whitelist
+            self.federation_domain_whitelist is not None
+            and origin not in self.federation_domain_whitelist
         ):
             raise FederationDeniedError(origin)
 
         if not json_request["signatures"]:
             raise NoAuthenticationError(
-                401, "Missing Authorization headers", Codes.UNAUTHORIZED,
+                401, "Missing Authorization headers", Codes.UNAUTHORIZED
             )
 
         yield self.keyring.verify_json_for_server(
@@ -177,12 +178,12 @@ def _parse_auth_header(header_bytes):
         AuthenticationError if the header could not be parsed
     """
     try:
-        header_str = header_bytes.decode('utf-8')
+        header_str = header_bytes.decode("utf-8")
         params = header_str.split(" ")[1].split(",")
         param_dict = dict(kv.split("=") for kv in params)
 
         def strip_quotes(value):
-            if value.startswith("\""):
+            if value.startswith('"'):
                 return value[1:-1]
             else:
                 return value
@@ -198,11 +199,11 @@ def _parse_auth_header(header_bytes):
     except Exception as e:
         logger.warn(
             "Error parsing auth header '%s': %s",
-            header_bytes.decode('ascii', 'replace'),
+            header_bytes.decode("ascii", "replace"),
             e,
         )
         raise AuthenticationError(
-            400, "Malformed Authorization header", Codes.UNAUTHORIZED,
+            400, "Malformed Authorization header", Codes.UNAUTHORIZED
         )
 
 
@@ -242,6 +243,7 @@ class BaseFederationServlet(object):
             Exception: other exceptions will be caught, logged, and a 500 will be
                 returned.
     """
+
     REQUIRE_AUTH = True
 
     PREFIX = FEDERATION_V1_PREFIX  # Allows specifying the API version
@@ -293,9 +295,7 @@ class BaseFederationServlet(object):
                         origin, content, request.args, *args, **kwargs
                     )
             else:
-                response = yield func(
-                    origin, content, request.args, *args, **kwargs
-                )
+                response = yield func(origin, content, request.args, *args, **kwargs)
 
             defer.returnValue(response)
 
@@ -343,14 +343,12 @@ class FederationSendServlet(BaseFederationServlet):
         try:
             transaction_data = content
 
-            logger.debug(
-                "Decoded %s: %s",
-                transaction_id, str(transaction_data)
-            )
+            logger.debug("Decoded %s: %s", transaction_id, str(transaction_data))
 
             logger.info(
                 "Received txn %s from %s. (PDUs: %d, EDUs: %d)",
-                transaction_id, origin,
+                transaction_id,
+                origin,
                 len(transaction_data.get("pdus", [])),
                 len(transaction_data.get("edus", [])),
             )
@@ -361,8 +359,7 @@ class FederationSendServlet(BaseFederationServlet):
             # Add some extra data to the transaction dict that isn't included
             # in the request body.
             transaction_data.update(
-                transaction_id=transaction_id,
-                destination=self.server_name
+                transaction_id=transaction_id, destination=self.server_name
             )
 
         except Exception as e:
@@ -372,7 +369,7 @@ class FederationSendServlet(BaseFederationServlet):
 
         try:
             code, response = yield self.handler.on_incoming_transaction(
-                origin, transaction_data,
+                origin, transaction_data
             )
         except Exception:
             logger.exception("on_incoming_transaction failed")
@@ -416,7 +413,7 @@ class FederationBackfillServlet(BaseFederationServlet):
     PATH = "/backfill/(?P<context>[^/]*)/?"
 
     def on_GET(self, origin, content, query, context):
-        versions = [x.decode('ascii') for x in query[b"v"]]
+        versions = [x.decode("ascii") for x in query[b"v"]]
         limit = parse_integer_from_args(query, "limit", None)
 
         if not limit:
@@ -432,7 +429,7 @@ class FederationQueryServlet(BaseFederationServlet):
     def on_GET(self, origin, content, query, query_type):
         return self.handler.on_query_request(
             query_type,
-            {k.decode('utf8'): v[0].decode("utf-8") for k, v in query.items()}
+            {k.decode("utf8"): v[0].decode("utf-8") for k, v in query.items()},
         )
 
 
@@ -456,15 +453,14 @@ class FederationMakeJoinServlet(BaseFederationServlet):
             Deferred[(int, object)|None]: either (response code, response object) to
                  return a JSON response, or None if the request has already been handled.
         """
-        versions = query.get(b'ver')
+        versions = query.get(b"ver")
         if versions is not None:
             supported_versions = [v.decode("utf-8") for v in versions]
         else:
             supported_versions = ["1"]
 
         content = yield self.handler.on_make_join_request(
-            origin, context, user_id,
-            supported_versions=supported_versions,
+            origin, context, user_id, supported_versions=supported_versions
         )
         defer.returnValue((200, content))
 
@@ -474,9 +470,7 @@ class FederationMakeLeaveServlet(BaseFederationServlet):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_GET(self, origin, content, query, context, user_id):
-        content = yield self.handler.on_make_leave_request(
-            origin, context, user_id,
-        )
+        content = yield self.handler.on_make_leave_request(origin, context, user_id)
         defer.returnValue((200, content))
 
 
@@ -517,7 +511,7 @@ class FederationV1InviteServlet(BaseFederationServlet):
         # state resolution algorithm, and we don't use that for processing
         # invites
         content = yield self.handler.on_invite_request(
-            origin, content, room_version=RoomVersions.V1.identifier,
+            origin, content, room_version=RoomVersions.V1.identifier
         )
 
         # V1 federation API is defined to return a content of `[200, {...}]`
@@ -545,7 +539,7 @@ class FederationV2InviteServlet(BaseFederationServlet):
         event.setdefault("unsigned", {})["invite_room_state"] = invite_room_state
 
         content = yield self.handler.on_invite_request(
-            origin, event, room_version=room_version,
+            origin, event, room_version=room_version
         )
         defer.returnValue((200, content))
 
@@ -629,8 +623,10 @@ class On3pidBindServlet(BaseFederationServlet):
             for invite in content["invites"]:
                 try:
                     if "signed" not in invite or "token" not in invite["signed"]:
-                        message = ("Rejecting received notification of third-"
-                                   "party invite without signed: %s" % (invite,))
+                        message = (
+                            "Rejecting received notification of third-"
+                            "party invite without signed: %s" % (invite,)
+                        )
                         logger.info(message)
                         raise SynapseError(400, message)
                     yield self.handler.exchange_third_party_invite(
@@ -671,18 +667,23 @@ class OpenIdUserInfo(BaseFederationServlet):
     def on_GET(self, origin, content, query):
         token = query.get(b"access_token", [None])[0]
         if token is None:
-            defer.returnValue((401, {
-                "errcode": "M_MISSING_TOKEN", "error": "Access Token required"
-            }))
+            defer.returnValue(
+                (401, {"errcode": "M_MISSING_TOKEN", "error": "Access Token required"})
+            )
             return
 
-        user_id = yield self.handler.on_openid_userinfo(token.decode('ascii'))
+        user_id = yield self.handler.on_openid_userinfo(token.decode("ascii"))
 
         if user_id is None:
-            defer.returnValue((401, {
-                "errcode": "M_UNKNOWN_TOKEN",
-                "error": "Access Token unknown or expired"
-            }))
+            defer.returnValue(
+                (
+                    401,
+                    {
+                        "errcode": "M_UNKNOWN_TOKEN",
+                        "error": "Access Token unknown or expired",
+                    },
+                )
+            )
 
         defer.returnValue((200, {"sub": user_id}))
 
@@ -722,7 +723,7 @@ class PublicRoomList(BaseFederationServlet):
 
     def __init__(self, handler, authenticator, ratelimiter, server_name, allow_access):
         super(PublicRoomList, self).__init__(
-            handler, authenticator, ratelimiter, server_name,
+            handler, authenticator, ratelimiter, server_name
         )
         self.allow_access = allow_access
 
@@ -748,9 +749,7 @@ class PublicRoomList(BaseFederationServlet):
             network_tuple = ThirdPartyInstanceID(None, None)
 
         data = yield self.handler.get_local_public_room_list(
-            limit, since_token,
-            network_tuple=network_tuple,
-            from_federation=True,
+            limit, since_token, network_tuple=network_tuple, from_federation=True
         )
         defer.returnValue((200, data))
 
@@ -761,17 +760,18 @@ class FederationVersionServlet(BaseFederationServlet):
     REQUIRE_AUTH = False
 
     def on_GET(self, origin, content, query):
-        return defer.succeed((200, {
-            "server": {
-                "name": "Synapse",
-                "version": get_version_string(synapse)
-            },
-        }))
+        return defer.succeed(
+            (
+                200,
+                {"server": {"name": "Synapse", "version": get_version_string(synapse)}},
+            )
+        )
 
 
 class FederationGroupsProfileServlet(BaseFederationServlet):
     """Get/set the basic profile of a group on behalf of a user
     """
+
     PATH = "/groups/(?P<group_id>[^/]*)/profile"
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -780,9 +780,7 @@ class FederationGroupsProfileServlet(BaseFederationServlet):
         if get_domain_from_id(requester_user_id) != origin:
             raise SynapseError(403, "requester_user_id doesn't match origin")
 
-        new_content = yield self.handler.get_group_profile(
-            group_id, requester_user_id
-        )
+        new_content = yield self.handler.get_group_profile(group_id, requester_user_id)
 
         defer.returnValue((200, new_content))
 
@@ -808,9 +806,7 @@ class FederationGroupsSummaryServlet(BaseFederationServlet):
         if get_domain_from_id(requester_user_id) != origin:
             raise SynapseError(403, "requester_user_id doesn't match origin")
 
-        new_content = yield self.handler.get_group_summary(
-            group_id, requester_user_id
-        )
+        new_content = yield self.handler.get_group_summary(group_id, requester_user_id)
 
         defer.returnValue((200, new_content))
 
@@ -818,6 +814,7 @@ class FederationGroupsSummaryServlet(BaseFederationServlet):
 class FederationGroupsRoomsServlet(BaseFederationServlet):
     """Get the rooms in a group on behalf of a user
     """
+
     PATH = "/groups/(?P<group_id>[^/]*)/rooms"
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -826,9 +823,7 @@ class FederationGroupsRoomsServlet(BaseFederationServlet):
         if get_domain_from_id(requester_user_id) != origin:
             raise SynapseError(403, "requester_user_id doesn't match origin")
 
-        new_content = yield self.handler.get_rooms_in_group(
-            group_id, requester_user_id
-        )
+        new_content = yield self.handler.get_rooms_in_group(group_id, requester_user_id)
 
         defer.returnValue((200, new_content))
 
@@ -836,6 +831,7 @@ class FederationGroupsRoomsServlet(BaseFederationServlet):
 class FederationGroupsAddRoomsServlet(BaseFederationServlet):
     """Add/remove room from group
     """
+
     PATH = "/groups/(?P<group_id>[^/]*)/room/(?P<room_id>[^/]*)"
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -857,7 +853,7 @@ class FederationGroupsAddRoomsServlet(BaseFederationServlet):
             raise SynapseError(403, "requester_user_id doesn't match origin")
 
         new_content = yield self.handler.remove_room_from_group(
-            group_id, requester_user_id, room_id,
+            group_id, requester_user_id, room_id
         )
 
         defer.returnValue((200, new_content))
@@ -866,6 +862,7 @@ class FederationGroupsAddRoomsServlet(BaseFederationServlet):
 class FederationGroupsAddRoomsConfigServlet(BaseFederationServlet):
     """Update room config in group
     """
+
     PATH = (
         "/groups/(?P<group_id>[^/]*)/room/(?P<room_id>[^/]*)"
         "/config/(?P<config_key>[^/]*)"
@@ -878,7 +875,7 @@ class FederationGroupsAddRoomsConfigServlet(BaseFederationServlet):
             raise SynapseError(403, "requester_user_id doesn't match origin")
 
         result = yield self.groups_handler.update_room_in_group(
-            group_id, requester_user_id, room_id, config_key, content,
+            group_id, requester_user_id, room_id, config_key, content
         )
 
         defer.returnValue((200, result))
@@ -887,6 +884,7 @@ class FederationGroupsAddRoomsConfigServlet(BaseFederationServlet):
 class FederationGroupsUsersServlet(BaseFederationServlet):
     """Get the users in a group on behalf of a user
     """
+
     PATH = "/groups/(?P<group_id>[^/]*)/users"
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -895,9 +893,7 @@ class FederationGroupsUsersServlet(BaseFederationServlet):
         if get_domain_from_id(requester_user_id) != origin:
             raise SynapseError(403, "requester_user_id doesn't match origin")
 
-        new_content = yield self.handler.get_users_in_group(
-            group_id, requester_user_id
-        )
+        new_content = yield self.handler.get_users_in_group(group_id, requester_user_id)
 
         defer.returnValue((200, new_content))
 
@@ -905,6 +901,7 @@ class FederationGroupsUsersServlet(BaseFederationServlet):
 class FederationGroupsInvitedUsersServlet(BaseFederationServlet):
     """Get the users that have been invited to a group
     """
+
     PATH = "/groups/(?P<group_id>[^/]*)/invited_users"
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -923,6 +920,7 @@ class FederationGroupsInvitedUsersServlet(BaseFederationServlet):
 class FederationGroupsInviteServlet(BaseFederationServlet):
     """Ask a group server to invite someone to the group
     """
+
     PATH = "/groups/(?P<group_id>[^/]*)/users/(?P<user_id>[^/]*)/invite"
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -932,7 +930,7 @@ class FederationGroupsInviteServlet(BaseFederationServlet):
             raise SynapseError(403, "requester_user_id doesn't match origin")
 
         new_content = yield self.handler.invite_to_group(
-            group_id, user_id, requester_user_id, content,
+            group_id, user_id, requester_user_id, content
         )
 
         defer.returnValue((200, new_content))
@@ -941,6 +939,7 @@ class FederationGroupsInviteServlet(BaseFederationServlet):
 class FederationGroupsAcceptInviteServlet(BaseFederationServlet):
     """Accept an invitation from the group server
     """
+
     PATH = "/groups/(?P<group_id>[^/]*)/users/(?P<user_id>[^/]*)/accept_invite"
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -948,9 +947,7 @@ class FederationGroupsAcceptInviteServlet(BaseFederationServlet):
         if get_domain_from_id(user_id) != origin:
             raise SynapseError(403, "user_id doesn't match origin")
 
-        new_content = yield self.handler.accept_invite(
-            group_id, user_id, content,
-        )
+        new_content = yield self.handler.accept_invite(group_id, user_id, content)
 
         defer.returnValue((200, new_content))
 
@@ -958,6 +955,7 @@ class FederationGroupsAcceptInviteServlet(BaseFederationServlet):
 class FederationGroupsJoinServlet(BaseFederationServlet):
     """Attempt to join a group
     """
+
     PATH = "/groups/(?P<group_id>[^/]*)/users/(?P<user_id>[^/]*)/join"
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -965,9 +963,7 @@ class FederationGroupsJoinServlet(BaseFederationServlet):
         if get_domain_from_id(user_id) != origin:
             raise SynapseError(403, "user_id doesn't match origin")
 
-        new_content = yield self.handler.join_group(
-            group_id, user_id, content,
-        )
+        new_content = yield self.handler.join_group(group_id, user_id, content)
 
         defer.returnValue((200, new_content))
 
@@ -975,6 +971,7 @@ class FederationGroupsJoinServlet(BaseFederationServlet):
 class FederationGroupsRemoveUserServlet(BaseFederationServlet):
     """Leave or kick a user from the group
     """
+
     PATH = "/groups/(?P<group_id>[^/]*)/users/(?P<user_id>[^/]*)/remove"
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -984,7 +981,7 @@ class FederationGroupsRemoveUserServlet(BaseFederationServlet):
             raise SynapseError(403, "requester_user_id doesn't match origin")
 
         new_content = yield self.handler.remove_user_from_group(
-            group_id, user_id, requester_user_id, content,
+            group_id, user_id, requester_user_id, content
         )
 
         defer.returnValue((200, new_content))
@@ -993,6 +990,7 @@ class FederationGroupsRemoveUserServlet(BaseFederationServlet):
 class FederationGroupsLocalInviteServlet(BaseFederationServlet):
     """A group server has invited a local user
     """
+
     PATH = "/groups/local/(?P<group_id>[^/]*)/users/(?P<user_id>[^/]*)/invite"
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -1000,9 +998,7 @@ class FederationGroupsLocalInviteServlet(BaseFederationServlet):
         if get_domain_from_id(group_id) != origin:
             raise SynapseError(403, "group_id doesn't match origin")
 
-        new_content = yield self.handler.on_invite(
-            group_id, user_id, content,
-        )
+        new_content = yield self.handler.on_invite(group_id, user_id, content)
 
         defer.returnValue((200, new_content))
 
@@ -1010,6 +1006,7 @@ class FederationGroupsLocalInviteServlet(BaseFederationServlet):
 class FederationGroupsRemoveLocalUserServlet(BaseFederationServlet):
     """A group server has removed a local user
     """
+
     PATH = "/groups/local/(?P<group_id>[^/]*)/users/(?P<user_id>[^/]*)/remove"
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -1018,7 +1015,7 @@ class FederationGroupsRemoveLocalUserServlet(BaseFederationServlet):
             raise SynapseError(403, "user_id doesn't match origin")
 
         new_content = yield self.handler.user_removed_from_group(
-            group_id, user_id, content,
+            group_id, user_id, content
         )
 
         defer.returnValue((200, new_content))
@@ -1027,6 +1024,7 @@ class FederationGroupsRemoveLocalUserServlet(BaseFederationServlet):
 class FederationGroupsRenewAttestaionServlet(BaseFederationServlet):
     """A group or user's server renews their attestation
     """
+
     PATH = "/groups/(?P<group_id>[^/]*)/renew_attestation/(?P<user_id>[^/]*)"
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -1047,6 +1045,7 @@ class FederationGroupsSummaryRoomsServlet(BaseFederationServlet):
         - /groups/:group/summary/rooms/:room_id
         - /groups/:group/summary/categories/:category/rooms/:room_id
     """
+
     PATH = (
         "/groups/(?P<group_id>[^/]*)/summary"
         "(/categories/(?P<category_id>[^/]+))?"
@@ -1063,7 +1062,8 @@ class FederationGroupsSummaryRoomsServlet(BaseFederationServlet):
             raise SynapseError(400, "category_id cannot be empty string")
 
         resp = yield self.handler.update_group_summary_room(
-            group_id, requester_user_id,
+            group_id,
+            requester_user_id,
             room_id=room_id,
             category_id=category_id,
             content=content,
@@ -1081,9 +1081,7 @@ class FederationGroupsSummaryRoomsServlet(BaseFederationServlet):
             raise SynapseError(400, "category_id cannot be empty string")
 
         resp = yield self.handler.delete_group_summary_room(
-            group_id, requester_user_id,
-            room_id=room_id,
-            category_id=category_id,
+            group_id, requester_user_id, room_id=room_id, category_id=category_id
         )
 
         defer.returnValue((200, resp))
@@ -1092,9 +1090,8 @@ class FederationGroupsSummaryRoomsServlet(BaseFederationServlet):
 class FederationGroupsCategoriesServlet(BaseFederationServlet):
     """Get all categories for a group
     """
-    PATH = (
-        "/groups/(?P<group_id>[^/]*)/categories/?"
-    )
+
+    PATH = "/groups/(?P<group_id>[^/]*)/categories/?"
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_GET(self, origin, content, query, group_id):
@@ -1102,9 +1099,7 @@ class FederationGroupsCategoriesServlet(BaseFederationServlet):
         if get_domain_from_id(requester_user_id) != origin:
             raise SynapseError(403, "requester_user_id doesn't match origin")
 
-        resp = yield self.handler.get_group_categories(
-            group_id, requester_user_id,
-        )
+        resp = yield self.handler.get_group_categories(group_id, requester_user_id)
 
         defer.returnValue((200, resp))
 
@@ -1112,9 +1107,8 @@ class FederationGroupsCategoriesServlet(BaseFederationServlet):
 class FederationGroupsCategoryServlet(BaseFederationServlet):
     """Add/remove/get a category in a group
     """
-    PATH = (
-        "/groups/(?P<group_id>[^/]*)/categories/(?P<category_id>[^/]+)"
-    )
+
+    PATH = "/groups/(?P<group_id>[^/]*)/categories/(?P<category_id>[^/]+)"
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_GET(self, origin, content, query, group_id, category_id):
@@ -1138,7 +1132,7 @@ class FederationGroupsCategoryServlet(BaseFederationServlet):
             raise SynapseError(400, "category_id cannot be empty string")
 
         resp = yield self.handler.upsert_group_category(
-            group_id, requester_user_id, category_id, content,
+            group_id, requester_user_id, category_id, content
         )
 
         defer.returnValue((200, resp))
@@ -1153,7 +1147,7 @@ class FederationGroupsCategoryServlet(BaseFederationServlet):
             raise SynapseError(400, "category_id cannot be empty string")
 
         resp = yield self.handler.delete_group_category(
-            group_id, requester_user_id, category_id,
+            group_id, requester_user_id, category_id
         )
 
         defer.returnValue((200, resp))
@@ -1162,9 +1156,8 @@ class FederationGroupsCategoryServlet(BaseFederationServlet):
 class FederationGroupsRolesServlet(BaseFederationServlet):
     """Get roles in a group
     """
-    PATH = (
-        "/groups/(?P<group_id>[^/]*)/roles/?"
-    )
+
+    PATH = "/groups/(?P<group_id>[^/]*)/roles/?"
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_GET(self, origin, content, query, group_id):
@@ -1172,9 +1165,7 @@ class FederationGroupsRolesServlet(BaseFederationServlet):
         if get_domain_from_id(requester_user_id) != origin:
             raise SynapseError(403, "requester_user_id doesn't match origin")
 
-        resp = yield self.handler.get_group_roles(
-            group_id, requester_user_id,
-        )
+        resp = yield self.handler.get_group_roles(group_id, requester_user_id)
 
         defer.returnValue((200, resp))
 
@@ -1182,9 +1173,8 @@ class FederationGroupsRolesServlet(BaseFederationServlet):
 class FederationGroupsRoleServlet(BaseFederationServlet):
     """Add/remove/get a role in a group
     """
-    PATH = (
-        "/groups/(?P<group_id>[^/]*)/roles/(?P<role_id>[^/]+)"
-    )
+
+    PATH = "/groups/(?P<group_id>[^/]*)/roles/(?P<role_id>[^/]+)"
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_GET(self, origin, content, query, group_id, role_id):
@@ -1192,9 +1182,7 @@ class FederationGroupsRoleServlet(BaseFederationServlet):
         if get_domain_from_id(requester_user_id) != origin:
             raise SynapseError(403, "requester_user_id doesn't match origin")
 
-        resp = yield self.handler.get_group_role(
-            group_id, requester_user_id, role_id
-        )
+        resp = yield self.handler.get_group_role(group_id, requester_user_id, role_id)
 
         defer.returnValue((200, resp))
 
@@ -1208,7 +1196,7 @@ class FederationGroupsRoleServlet(BaseFederationServlet):
             raise SynapseError(400, "role_id cannot be empty string")
 
         resp = yield self.handler.update_group_role(
-            group_id, requester_user_id, role_id, content,
+            group_id, requester_user_id, role_id, content
         )
 
         defer.returnValue((200, resp))
@@ -1223,7 +1211,7 @@ class FederationGroupsRoleServlet(BaseFederationServlet):
             raise SynapseError(400, "role_id cannot be empty string")
 
         resp = yield self.handler.delete_group_role(
-            group_id, requester_user_id, role_id,
+            group_id, requester_user_id, role_id
         )
 
         defer.returnValue((200, resp))
@@ -1236,6 +1224,7 @@ class FederationGroupsSummaryUsersServlet(BaseFederationServlet):
         - /groups/:group/summary/users/:user_id
         - /groups/:group/summary/roles/:role/users/:user_id
     """
+
     PATH = (
         "/groups/(?P<group_id>[^/]*)/summary"
         "(/roles/(?P<role_id>[^/]+))?"
@@ -1252,7 +1241,8 @@ class FederationGroupsSummaryUsersServlet(BaseFederationServlet):
             raise SynapseError(400, "role_id cannot be empty string")
 
         resp = yield self.handler.update_group_summary_user(
-            group_id, requester_user_id,
+            group_id,
+            requester_user_id,
             user_id=user_id,
             role_id=role_id,
             content=content,
@@ -1270,9 +1260,7 @@ class FederationGroupsSummaryUsersServlet(BaseFederationServlet):
             raise SynapseError(400, "role_id cannot be empty string")
 
         resp = yield self.handler.delete_group_summary_user(
-            group_id, requester_user_id,
-            user_id=user_id,
-            role_id=role_id,
+            group_id, requester_user_id, user_id=user_id, role_id=role_id
         )
 
         defer.returnValue((200, resp))
@@ -1281,14 +1269,13 @@ class FederationGroupsSummaryUsersServlet(BaseFederationServlet):
 class FederationGroupsBulkPublicisedServlet(BaseFederationServlet):
     """Get roles in a group
     """
-    PATH = (
-        "/get_groups_publicised"
-    )
+
+    PATH = "/get_groups_publicised"
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_POST(self, origin, content, query):
         resp = yield self.handler.bulk_get_publicised_groups(
-            content["user_ids"], proxy=False,
+            content["user_ids"], proxy=False
         )
 
         defer.returnValue((200, resp))
@@ -1297,6 +1284,7 @@ class FederationGroupsBulkPublicisedServlet(BaseFederationServlet):
 class FederationGroupsSettingJoinPolicyServlet(BaseFederationServlet):
     """Sets whether a group is joinable without an invite or knock
     """
+
     PATH = "/groups/(?P<group_id>[^/]*)/settings/m.join_policy"
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -1317,6 +1305,7 @@ class RoomComplexityServlet(BaseFederationServlet):
     Indicates to other servers how complex (and therefore likely
     resource-intensive) a public room this server knows about is.
     """
+
     PATH = "/rooms/(?P<room_id>[^/]*)/complexity"
     PREFIX = FEDERATION_UNSTABLE_PREFIX
 
@@ -1325,9 +1314,7 @@ class RoomComplexityServlet(BaseFederationServlet):
 
         store = self.handler.hs.get_datastore()
 
-        is_public = yield store.is_room_world_readable_or_publicly_joinable(
-            room_id
-        )
+        is_public = yield store.is_room_world_readable_or_publicly_joinable(room_id)
 
         if not is_public:
             raise SynapseError(404, "Room not found", errcode=Codes.INVALID_PARAM)
@@ -1362,13 +1349,9 @@ FEDERATION_SERVLET_CLASSES = (
     RoomComplexityServlet,
 )
 
-OPENID_SERVLET_CLASSES = (
-    OpenIdUserInfo,
-)
+OPENID_SERVLET_CLASSES = (OpenIdUserInfo,)
 
-ROOM_LIST_CLASSES = (
-    PublicRoomList,
-)
+ROOM_LIST_CLASSES = (PublicRoomList,)
 
 GROUP_SERVER_SERVLET_CLASSES = (
     FederationGroupsProfileServlet,
@@ -1399,9 +1382,7 @@ GROUP_LOCAL_SERVLET_CLASSES = (
 )
 
 
-GROUP_ATTESTATION_SERVLET_CLASSES = (
-    FederationGroupsRenewAttestaionServlet,
-)
+GROUP_ATTESTATION_SERVLET_CLASSES = (FederationGroupsRenewAttestaionServlet,)
 
 DEFAULT_SERVLET_GROUPS = (
     "federation",
diff --git a/synapse/federation/units.py b/synapse/federation/units.py
index 025a79c022..14aad8f09d 100644
--- a/synapse/federation/units.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/units.py
@@ -32,21 +32,11 @@ class Edu(JsonEncodedObject):
     internal ID or previous references graph.
     """
 
-    valid_keys = [
-        "origin",
-        "destination",
-        "edu_type",
-        "content",
-    ]
+    valid_keys = ["origin", "destination", "edu_type", "content"]
 
-    required_keys = [
-        "edu_type",
-    ]
+    required_keys = ["edu_type"]
 
-    internal_keys = [
-        "origin",
-        "destination",
-    ]
+    internal_keys = ["origin", "destination"]
 
 
 class Transaction(JsonEncodedObject):
@@ -75,10 +65,7 @@ class Transaction(JsonEncodedObject):
         "edus",
     ]
 
-    internal_keys = [
-        "transaction_id",
-        "destination",
-    ]
+    internal_keys = ["transaction_id", "destination"]
 
     required_keys = [
         "transaction_id",
@@ -98,9 +85,7 @@ class Transaction(JsonEncodedObject):
             del kwargs["edus"]
 
         super(Transaction, self).__init__(
-            transaction_id=transaction_id,
-            pdus=pdus,
-            **kwargs
+            transaction_id=transaction_id, pdus=pdus, **kwargs
         )
 
     @staticmethod
@@ -109,13 +94,9 @@ class Transaction(JsonEncodedObject):
         transaction_id and origin_server_ts keys.
         """
         if "origin_server_ts" not in kwargs:
-            raise KeyError(
-                "Require 'origin_server_ts' to construct a Transaction"
-            )
+            raise KeyError("Require 'origin_server_ts' to construct a Transaction")
         if "transaction_id" not in kwargs:
-            raise KeyError(
-                "Require 'transaction_id' to construct a Transaction"
-            )
+            raise KeyError("Require 'transaction_id' to construct a Transaction")
 
         kwargs["pdus"] = [p.get_pdu_json() for p in pdus]
 
diff --git a/synapse/groups/attestations.py b/synapse/groups/attestations.py
index 3ba74001d8..e73757570c 100644
--- a/synapse/groups/attestations.py
+++ b/synapse/groups/attestations.py
@@ -65,6 +65,7 @@ UPDATE_ATTESTATION_TIME_MS = 1 * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000
 class GroupAttestationSigning(object):
     """Creates and verifies group attestations.
     """
+
     def __init__(self, hs):
         self.keyring = hs.get_keyring()
         self.clock = hs.get_clock()
@@ -113,11 +114,15 @@ class GroupAttestationSigning(object):
         validity_period *= random.uniform(*DEFAULT_ATTESTATION_JITTER)
         valid_until_ms = int(self.clock.time_msec() + validity_period)
 
-        return sign_json({
-            "group_id": group_id,
-            "user_id": user_id,
-            "valid_until_ms": valid_until_ms,
-        }, self.server_name, self.signing_key)
+        return sign_json(
+            {
+                "group_id": group_id,
+                "user_id": user_id,
+                "valid_until_ms": valid_until_ms,
+            },
+            self.server_name,
+            self.signing_key,
+        )
 
 
 class GroupAttestionRenewer(object):
@@ -134,7 +139,7 @@ class GroupAttestionRenewer(object):
 
         if not hs.config.worker_app:
             self._renew_attestations_loop = self.clock.looping_call(
-                self._start_renew_attestations, 30 * 60 * 1000,
+                self._start_renew_attestations, 30 * 60 * 1000
             )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -147,9 +152,7 @@ class GroupAttestionRenewer(object):
             raise SynapseError(400, "Neither user not group are on this server")
 
         yield self.attestations.verify_attestation(
-            attestation,
-            user_id=user_id,
-            group_id=group_id,
+            attestation, user_id=user_id, group_id=group_id
         )
 
         yield self.store.update_remote_attestion(group_id, user_id, attestation)
@@ -180,7 +183,8 @@ class GroupAttestionRenewer(object):
                 else:
                     logger.warn(
                         "Incorrectly trying to do attestations for user: %r in %r",
-                        user_id, group_id,
+                        user_id,
+                        group_id,
                     )
                     yield self.store.remove_attestation_renewal(group_id, user_id)
                     return
@@ -188,8 +192,7 @@ class GroupAttestionRenewer(object):
                 attestation = self.attestations.create_attestation(group_id, user_id)
 
                 yield self.transport_client.renew_group_attestation(
-                    destination, group_id, user_id,
-                    content={"attestation": attestation},
+                    destination, group_id, user_id, content={"attestation": attestation}
                 )
 
                 yield self.store.update_attestation_renewal(
@@ -197,12 +200,12 @@ class GroupAttestionRenewer(object):
                 )
             except (RequestSendFailed, HttpResponseException) as e:
                 logger.warning(
-                    "Failed to renew attestation of %r in %r: %s",
-                    user_id, group_id, e,
+                    "Failed to renew attestation of %r in %r: %s", user_id, group_id, e
                 )
             except Exception:
-                logger.exception("Error renewing attestation of %r in %r",
-                                 user_id, group_id)
+                logger.exception(
+                    "Error renewing attestation of %r in %r", user_id, group_id
+                )
 
         for row in rows:
             group_id = row["group_id"]
diff --git a/synapse/groups/groups_server.py b/synapse/groups/groups_server.py
index 817be40360..168c9e3f84 100644
--- a/synapse/groups/groups_server.py
+++ b/synapse/groups/groups_server.py
@@ -54,8 +54,9 @@ class GroupsServerHandler(object):
         hs.get_groups_attestation_renewer()
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def check_group_is_ours(self, group_id, requester_user_id,
-                            and_exists=False, and_is_admin=None):
+    def check_group_is_ours(
+        self, group_id, requester_user_id, and_exists=False, and_is_admin=None
+    ):
         """Check that the group is ours, and optionally if it exists.
 
         If group does exist then return group.
@@ -73,7 +74,9 @@ class GroupsServerHandler(object):
         if and_exists and not group:
             raise SynapseError(404, "Unknown group")
 
-        is_user_in_group = yield self.store.is_user_in_group(requester_user_id, group_id)
+        is_user_in_group = yield self.store.is_user_in_group(
+            requester_user_id, group_id
+        )
         if group and not is_user_in_group and not group["is_public"]:
             raise SynapseError(404, "Unknown group")
 
@@ -96,25 +99,27 @@ class GroupsServerHandler(object):
         """
         yield self.check_group_is_ours(group_id, requester_user_id, and_exists=True)
 
-        is_user_in_group = yield self.store.is_user_in_group(requester_user_id, group_id)
+        is_user_in_group = yield self.store.is_user_in_group(
+            requester_user_id, group_id
+        )
 
         profile = yield self.get_group_profile(group_id, requester_user_id)
 
         users, roles = yield self.store.get_users_for_summary_by_role(
-            group_id, include_private=is_user_in_group,
+            group_id, include_private=is_user_in_group
         )
 
         # TODO: Add profiles to users
 
         rooms, categories = yield self.store.get_rooms_for_summary_by_category(
-            group_id, include_private=is_user_in_group,
+            group_id, include_private=is_user_in_group
         )
 
         for room_entry in rooms:
             room_id = room_entry["room_id"]
             joined_users = yield self.store.get_users_in_room(room_id)
             entry = yield self.room_list_handler.generate_room_entry(
-                room_id, len(joined_users), with_alias=False, allow_private=True,
+                room_id, len(joined_users), with_alias=False, allow_private=True
             )
             entry = dict(entry)  # so we don't change whats cached
             entry.pop("room_id", None)
@@ -134,7 +139,7 @@ class GroupsServerHandler(object):
                 entry["attestation"] = attestation
             else:
                 entry["attestation"] = self.attestations.create_attestation(
-                    group_id, user_id,
+                    group_id, user_id
                 )
 
             user_profile = yield self.profile_handler.get_profile_from_cache(user_id)
@@ -143,34 +148,34 @@ class GroupsServerHandler(object):
         users.sort(key=lambda e: e.get("order", 0))
 
         membership_info = yield self.store.get_users_membership_info_in_group(
-            group_id, requester_user_id,
+            group_id, requester_user_id
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue({
-            "profile": profile,
-            "users_section": {
-                "users": users,
-                "roles": roles,
-                "total_user_count_estimate": 0,  # TODO
-            },
-            "rooms_section": {
-                "rooms": rooms,
-                "categories": categories,
-                "total_room_count_estimate": 0,  # TODO
-            },
-            "user": membership_info,
-        })
+        defer.returnValue(
+            {
+                "profile": profile,
+                "users_section": {
+                    "users": users,
+                    "roles": roles,
+                    "total_user_count_estimate": 0,  # TODO
+                },
+                "rooms_section": {
+                    "rooms": rooms,
+                    "categories": categories,
+                    "total_room_count_estimate": 0,  # TODO
+                },
+                "user": membership_info,
+            }
+        )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def update_group_summary_room(self, group_id, requester_user_id,
-                                  room_id, category_id, content):
+    def update_group_summary_room(
+        self, group_id, requester_user_id, room_id, category_id, content
+    ):
         """Add/update a room to the group summary
         """
         yield self.check_group_is_ours(
-            group_id,
-            requester_user_id,
-            and_exists=True,
-            and_is_admin=requester_user_id,
+            group_id, requester_user_id, and_exists=True, and_is_admin=requester_user_id
         )
 
         RoomID.from_string(room_id)  # Ensure valid room id
@@ -190,21 +195,17 @@ class GroupsServerHandler(object):
         defer.returnValue({})
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def delete_group_summary_room(self, group_id, requester_user_id,
-                                  room_id, category_id):
+    def delete_group_summary_room(
+        self, group_id, requester_user_id, room_id, category_id
+    ):
         """Remove a room from the summary
         """
         yield self.check_group_is_ours(
-            group_id,
-            requester_user_id,
-            and_exists=True,
-            and_is_admin=requester_user_id,
+            group_id, requester_user_id, and_exists=True, and_is_admin=requester_user_id
         )
 
         yield self.store.remove_room_from_summary(
-            group_id=group_id,
-            room_id=room_id,
-            category_id=category_id,
+            group_id=group_id, room_id=room_id, category_id=category_id
         )
 
         defer.returnValue({})
@@ -223,9 +224,7 @@ class GroupsServerHandler(object):
 
         join_policy = _parse_join_policy_from_contents(content)
         if join_policy is None:
-            raise SynapseError(
-                400, "No value specified for 'm.join_policy'"
-            )
+            raise SynapseError(400, "No value specified for 'm.join_policy'")
 
         yield self.store.set_group_join_policy(group_id, join_policy=join_policy)
 
@@ -237,9 +236,7 @@ class GroupsServerHandler(object):
         """
         yield self.check_group_is_ours(group_id, requester_user_id, and_exists=True)
 
-        categories = yield self.store.get_group_categories(
-            group_id=group_id,
-        )
+        categories = yield self.store.get_group_categories(group_id=group_id)
         defer.returnValue({"categories": categories})
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -249,8 +246,7 @@ class GroupsServerHandler(object):
         yield self.check_group_is_ours(group_id, requester_user_id, and_exists=True)
 
         res = yield self.store.get_group_category(
-            group_id=group_id,
-            category_id=category_id,
+            group_id=group_id, category_id=category_id
         )
 
         defer.returnValue(res)
@@ -260,10 +256,7 @@ class GroupsServerHandler(object):
         """Add/Update a group category
         """
         yield self.check_group_is_ours(
-            group_id,
-            requester_user_id,
-            and_exists=True,
-            and_is_admin=requester_user_id,
+            group_id, requester_user_id, and_exists=True, and_is_admin=requester_user_id
         )
 
         is_public = _parse_visibility_from_contents(content)
@@ -283,15 +276,11 @@ class GroupsServerHandler(object):
         """Delete a group category
         """
         yield self.check_group_is_ours(
-            group_id,
-            requester_user_id,
-            and_exists=True,
-            and_is_admin=requester_user_id
+            group_id, requester_user_id, and_exists=True, and_is_admin=requester_user_id
         )
 
         yield self.store.remove_group_category(
-            group_id=group_id,
-            category_id=category_id,
+            group_id=group_id, category_id=category_id
         )
 
         defer.returnValue({})
@@ -302,9 +291,7 @@ class GroupsServerHandler(object):
         """
         yield self.check_group_is_ours(group_id, requester_user_id, and_exists=True)
 
-        roles = yield self.store.get_group_roles(
-            group_id=group_id,
-        )
+        roles = yield self.store.get_group_roles(group_id=group_id)
         defer.returnValue({"roles": roles})
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -313,10 +300,7 @@ class GroupsServerHandler(object):
         """
         yield self.check_group_is_ours(group_id, requester_user_id, and_exists=True)
 
-        res = yield self.store.get_group_role(
-            group_id=group_id,
-            role_id=role_id,
-        )
+        res = yield self.store.get_group_role(group_id=group_id, role_id=role_id)
         defer.returnValue(res)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -324,10 +308,7 @@ class GroupsServerHandler(object):
         """Add/update a role in a group
         """
         yield self.check_group_is_ours(
-            group_id,
-            requester_user_id,
-            and_exists=True,
-            and_is_admin=requester_user_id,
+            group_id, requester_user_id, and_exists=True, and_is_admin=requester_user_id
         )
 
         is_public = _parse_visibility_from_contents(content)
@@ -335,10 +316,7 @@ class GroupsServerHandler(object):
         profile = content.get("profile")
 
         yield self.store.upsert_group_role(
-            group_id=group_id,
-            role_id=role_id,
-            is_public=is_public,
-            profile=profile,
+            group_id=group_id, role_id=role_id, is_public=is_public, profile=profile
         )
 
         defer.returnValue({})
@@ -348,26 +326,21 @@ class GroupsServerHandler(object):
         """Remove role from group
         """
         yield self.check_group_is_ours(
-            group_id,
-            requester_user_id,
-            and_exists=True,
-            and_is_admin=requester_user_id,
+            group_id, requester_user_id, and_exists=True, and_is_admin=requester_user_id
         )
 
-        yield self.store.remove_group_role(
-            group_id=group_id,
-            role_id=role_id,
-        )
+        yield self.store.remove_group_role(group_id=group_id, role_id=role_id)
 
         defer.returnValue({})
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def update_group_summary_user(self, group_id, requester_user_id, user_id, role_id,
-                                  content):
+    def update_group_summary_user(
+        self, group_id, requester_user_id, user_id, role_id, content
+    ):
         """Add/update a users entry in the group summary
         """
         yield self.check_group_is_ours(
-            group_id, requester_user_id, and_exists=True, and_is_admin=requester_user_id,
+            group_id, requester_user_id, and_exists=True, and_is_admin=requester_user_id
         )
 
         order = content.get("order", None)
@@ -389,13 +362,11 @@ class GroupsServerHandler(object):
         """Remove a user from the group summary
         """
         yield self.check_group_is_ours(
-            group_id, requester_user_id, and_exists=True, and_is_admin=requester_user_id,
+            group_id, requester_user_id, and_exists=True, and_is_admin=requester_user_id
         )
 
         yield self.store.remove_user_from_summary(
-            group_id=group_id,
-            user_id=user_id,
-            role_id=role_id,
+            group_id=group_id, user_id=user_id, role_id=role_id
         )
 
         defer.returnValue({})
@@ -411,8 +382,11 @@ class GroupsServerHandler(object):
 
         if group:
             cols = [
-                "name", "short_description", "long_description",
-                "avatar_url", "is_public",
+                "name",
+                "short_description",
+                "long_description",
+                "avatar_url",
+                "is_public",
             ]
             group_description = {key: group[key] for key in cols}
             group_description["is_openly_joinable"] = group["join_policy"] == "open"
@@ -426,12 +400,11 @@ class GroupsServerHandler(object):
         """Update the group profile
         """
         yield self.check_group_is_ours(
-            group_id, requester_user_id, and_exists=True, and_is_admin=requester_user_id,
+            group_id, requester_user_id, and_exists=True, and_is_admin=requester_user_id
         )
 
         profile = {}
-        for keyname in ("name", "avatar_url", "short_description",
-                        "long_description"):
+        for keyname in ("name", "avatar_url", "short_description", "long_description"):
             if keyname in content:
                 value = content[keyname]
                 if not isinstance(value, string_types):
@@ -449,10 +422,12 @@ class GroupsServerHandler(object):
 
         yield self.check_group_is_ours(group_id, requester_user_id, and_exists=True)
 
-        is_user_in_group = yield self.store.is_user_in_group(requester_user_id, group_id)
+        is_user_in_group = yield self.store.is_user_in_group(
+            requester_user_id, group_id
+        )
 
         user_results = yield self.store.get_users_in_group(
-            group_id, include_private=is_user_in_group,
+            group_id, include_private=is_user_in_group
         )
 
         chunk = []
@@ -470,24 +445,25 @@ class GroupsServerHandler(object):
             entry["is_privileged"] = bool(is_privileged)
 
             if not self.is_mine_id(g_user_id):
-                attestation = yield self.store.get_remote_attestation(group_id, g_user_id)
+                attestation = yield self.store.get_remote_attestation(
+                    group_id, g_user_id
+                )
                 if not attestation:
                     continue
 
                 entry["attestation"] = attestation
             else:
                 entry["attestation"] = self.attestations.create_attestation(
-                    group_id, g_user_id,
+                    group_id, g_user_id
                 )
 
             chunk.append(entry)
 
         # TODO: If admin add lists of users whose attestations have timed out
 
-        defer.returnValue({
-            "chunk": chunk,
-            "total_user_count_estimate": len(user_results),
-        })
+        defer.returnValue(
+            {"chunk": chunk, "total_user_count_estimate": len(user_results)}
+        )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_invited_users_in_group(self, group_id, requester_user_id):
@@ -498,7 +474,9 @@ class GroupsServerHandler(object):
 
         yield self.check_group_is_ours(group_id, requester_user_id, and_exists=True)
 
-        is_user_in_group = yield self.store.is_user_in_group(requester_user_id, group_id)
+        is_user_in_group = yield self.store.is_user_in_group(
+            requester_user_id, group_id
+        )
 
         if not is_user_in_group:
             raise SynapseError(403, "User not in group")
@@ -508,9 +486,7 @@ class GroupsServerHandler(object):
         user_profiles = []
 
         for user_id in invited_users:
-            user_profile = {
-                "user_id": user_id
-            }
+            user_profile = {"user_id": user_id}
             try:
                 profile = yield self.profile_handler.get_profile_from_cache(user_id)
                 user_profile.update(profile)
@@ -518,10 +494,9 @@ class GroupsServerHandler(object):
                 logger.warn("Error getting profile for %s: %s", user_id, e)
             user_profiles.append(user_profile)
 
-        defer.returnValue({
-            "chunk": user_profiles,
-            "total_user_count_estimate": len(invited_users),
-        })
+        defer.returnValue(
+            {"chunk": user_profiles, "total_user_count_estimate": len(invited_users)}
+        )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_rooms_in_group(self, group_id, requester_user_id):
@@ -532,10 +507,12 @@ class GroupsServerHandler(object):
 
         yield self.check_group_is_ours(group_id, requester_user_id, and_exists=True)
 
-        is_user_in_group = yield self.store.is_user_in_group(requester_user_id, group_id)
+        is_user_in_group = yield self.store.is_user_in_group(
+            requester_user_id, group_id
+        )
 
         room_results = yield self.store.get_rooms_in_group(
-            group_id, include_private=is_user_in_group,
+            group_id, include_private=is_user_in_group
         )
 
         chunk = []
@@ -544,7 +521,7 @@ class GroupsServerHandler(object):
 
             joined_users = yield self.store.get_users_in_room(room_id)
             entry = yield self.room_list_handler.generate_room_entry(
-                room_id, len(joined_users), with_alias=False, allow_private=True,
+                room_id, len(joined_users), with_alias=False, allow_private=True
             )
 
             if not entry:
@@ -556,10 +533,9 @@ class GroupsServerHandler(object):
 
         chunk.sort(key=lambda e: -e["num_joined_members"])
 
-        defer.returnValue({
-            "chunk": chunk,
-            "total_room_count_estimate": len(room_results),
-        })
+        defer.returnValue(
+            {"chunk": chunk, "total_room_count_estimate": len(room_results)}
+        )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def add_room_to_group(self, group_id, requester_user_id, room_id, content):
@@ -578,8 +554,9 @@ class GroupsServerHandler(object):
         defer.returnValue({})
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def update_room_in_group(self, group_id, requester_user_id, room_id, config_key,
-                             content):
+    def update_room_in_group(
+        self, group_id, requester_user_id, room_id, config_key, content
+    ):
         """Update room in group
         """
         RoomID.from_string(room_id)  # Ensure valid room id
@@ -592,8 +569,7 @@ class GroupsServerHandler(object):
             is_public = _parse_visibility_dict(content)
 
             yield self.store.update_room_in_group_visibility(
-                group_id, room_id,
-                is_public=is_public,
+                group_id, room_id, is_public=is_public
             )
         else:
             raise SynapseError(400, "Uknown config option")
@@ -625,10 +601,7 @@ class GroupsServerHandler(object):
         # TODO: Check if user is already invited
 
         content = {
-            "profile": {
-                "name": group["name"],
-                "avatar_url": group["avatar_url"],
-            },
+            "profile": {"name": group["name"], "avatar_url": group["avatar_url"]},
             "inviter": requester_user_id,
         }
 
@@ -638,9 +611,7 @@ class GroupsServerHandler(object):
             local_attestation = None
         else:
             local_attestation = self.attestations.create_attestation(group_id, user_id)
-            content.update({
-                "attestation": local_attestation,
-            })
+            content.update({"attestation": local_attestation})
 
             res = yield self.transport_client.invite_to_group_notification(
                 get_domain_from_id(user_id), group_id, user_id, content
@@ -658,31 +629,24 @@ class GroupsServerHandler(object):
                 remote_attestation = res["attestation"]
 
                 yield self.attestations.verify_attestation(
-                    remote_attestation,
-                    user_id=user_id,
-                    group_id=group_id,
+                    remote_attestation, user_id=user_id, group_id=group_id
                 )
             else:
                 remote_attestation = None
 
             yield self.store.add_user_to_group(
-                group_id, user_id,
+                group_id,
+                user_id,
                 is_admin=False,
                 is_public=False,  # TODO
                 local_attestation=local_attestation,
                 remote_attestation=remote_attestation,
             )
         elif res["state"] == "invite":
-            yield self.store.add_group_invite(
-                group_id, user_id,
-            )
-            defer.returnValue({
-                "state": "invite"
-            })
+            yield self.store.add_group_invite(group_id, user_id)
+            defer.returnValue({"state": "invite"})
         elif res["state"] == "reject":
-            defer.returnValue({
-                "state": "reject"
-            })
+            defer.returnValue({"state": "reject"})
         else:
             raise SynapseError(502, "Unknown state returned by HS")
 
@@ -693,16 +657,12 @@ class GroupsServerHandler(object):
         See accept_invite, join_group.
         """
         if not self.hs.is_mine_id(user_id):
-            local_attestation = self.attestations.create_attestation(
-                group_id, user_id,
-            )
+            local_attestation = self.attestations.create_attestation(group_id, user_id)
 
             remote_attestation = content["attestation"]
 
             yield self.attestations.verify_attestation(
-                remote_attestation,
-                user_id=user_id,
-                group_id=group_id,
+                remote_attestation, user_id=user_id, group_id=group_id
             )
         else:
             local_attestation = None
@@ -711,7 +671,8 @@ class GroupsServerHandler(object):
         is_public = _parse_visibility_from_contents(content)
 
         yield self.store.add_user_to_group(
-            group_id, user_id,
+            group_id,
+            user_id,
             is_admin=False,
             is_public=is_public,
             local_attestation=local_attestation,
@@ -731,17 +692,14 @@ class GroupsServerHandler(object):
         yield self.check_group_is_ours(group_id, requester_user_id, and_exists=True)
 
         is_invited = yield self.store.is_user_invited_to_local_group(
-            group_id, requester_user_id,
+            group_id, requester_user_id
         )
         if not is_invited:
             raise SynapseError(403, "User not invited to group")
 
         local_attestation = yield self._add_user(group_id, requester_user_id, content)
 
-        defer.returnValue({
-            "state": "join",
-            "attestation": local_attestation,
-        })
+        defer.returnValue({"state": "join", "attestation": local_attestation})
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def join_group(self, group_id, requester_user_id, content):
@@ -753,15 +711,12 @@ class GroupsServerHandler(object):
         group_info = yield self.check_group_is_ours(
             group_id, requester_user_id, and_exists=True
         )
-        if group_info['join_policy'] != "open":
+        if group_info["join_policy"] != "open":
             raise SynapseError(403, "Group is not publicly joinable")
 
         local_attestation = yield self._add_user(group_id, requester_user_id, content)
 
-        defer.returnValue({
-            "state": "join",
-            "attestation": local_attestation,
-        })
+        defer.returnValue({"state": "join", "attestation": local_attestation})
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def knock(self, group_id, requester_user_id, content):
@@ -800,9 +755,7 @@ class GroupsServerHandler(object):
 
             is_kick = True
 
-        yield self.store.remove_user_from_group(
-            group_id, user_id,
-        )
+        yield self.store.remove_user_from_group(group_id, user_id)
 
         if is_kick:
             if self.hs.is_mine_id(user_id):
@@ -830,19 +783,20 @@ class GroupsServerHandler(object):
         if group:
             raise SynapseError(400, "Group already exists")
 
-        is_admin = yield self.auth.is_server_admin(UserID.from_string(requester_user_id))
+        is_admin = yield self.auth.is_server_admin(
+            UserID.from_string(requester_user_id)
+        )
         if not is_admin:
             if not self.hs.config.enable_group_creation:
                 raise SynapseError(
-                    403, "Only a server admin can create groups on this server",
+                    403, "Only a server admin can create groups on this server"
                 )
             localpart = group_id_obj.localpart
             if not localpart.startswith(self.hs.config.group_creation_prefix):
                 raise SynapseError(
                     400,
-                    "Can only create groups with prefix %r on this server" % (
-                        self.hs.config.group_creation_prefix,
-                    ),
+                    "Can only create groups with prefix %r on this server"
+                    % (self.hs.config.group_creation_prefix,),
                 )
 
         profile = content.get("profile", {})
@@ -865,21 +819,19 @@ class GroupsServerHandler(object):
             remote_attestation = content["attestation"]
 
             yield self.attestations.verify_attestation(
-                remote_attestation,
-                user_id=requester_user_id,
-                group_id=group_id,
+                remote_attestation, user_id=requester_user_id, group_id=group_id
             )
 
             local_attestation = self.attestations.create_attestation(
-                group_id,
-                requester_user_id,
+                group_id, requester_user_id
             )
         else:
             local_attestation = None
             remote_attestation = None
 
         yield self.store.add_user_to_group(
-            group_id, requester_user_id,
+            group_id,
+            requester_user_id,
             is_admin=True,
             is_public=True,  # TODO
             local_attestation=local_attestation,
@@ -893,9 +845,7 @@ class GroupsServerHandler(object):
                 avatar_url=user_profile.get("avatar_url"),
             )
 
-        defer.returnValue({
-            "group_id": group_id,
-        })
+        defer.returnValue({"group_id": group_id})
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def delete_group(self, group_id, requester_user_id):
@@ -911,29 +861,22 @@ class GroupsServerHandler(object):
             Deferred
         """
 
-        yield self.check_group_is_ours(
-            group_id, requester_user_id,
-            and_exists=True,
-        )
+        yield self.check_group_is_ours(group_id, requester_user_id, and_exists=True)
 
         # Only server admins or group admins can delete groups.
 
-        is_admin = yield self.store.is_user_admin_in_group(
-            group_id, requester_user_id
-        )
+        is_admin = yield self.store.is_user_admin_in_group(group_id, requester_user_id)
 
         if not is_admin:
             is_admin = yield self.auth.is_server_admin(
-                UserID.from_string(requester_user_id),
+                UserID.from_string(requester_user_id)
             )
 
         if not is_admin:
             raise SynapseError(403, "User is not an admin")
 
         # Before deleting the group lets kick everyone out of it
-        users = yield self.store.get_users_in_group(
-            group_id, include_private=True,
-        )
+        users = yield self.store.get_users_in_group(group_id, include_private=True)
 
         @defer.inlineCallbacks
         def _kick_user_from_group(user_id):
@@ -989,9 +932,7 @@ def _parse_join_policy_dict(join_policy_dict):
         return "invite"
 
     if join_policy_type not in ("invite", "open"):
-        raise SynapseError(
-            400, "Synapse only supports 'invite'/'open' join rule"
-        )
+        raise SynapseError(400, "Synapse only supports 'invite'/'open' join rule")
     return join_policy_type
 
 
@@ -1018,7 +959,5 @@ def _parse_visibility_dict(visibility):
         return True
 
     if vis_type not in ("public", "private"):
-        raise SynapseError(
-            400, "Synapse only supports 'public'/'private' visibility"
-        )
+        raise SynapseError(400, "Synapse only supports 'public'/'private' visibility")
     return vis_type == "public"
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/_base.py b/synapse/handlers/_base.py
index dca337ec61..c29c78bd65 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/_base.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/_base.py
@@ -94,14 +94,15 @@ class BaseHandler(object):
             burst_count = self.hs.config.rc_message.burst_count
 
         allowed, time_allowed = self.ratelimiter.can_do_action(
-            user_id, time_now,
+            user_id,
+            time_now,
             rate_hz=messages_per_second,
             burst_count=burst_count,
             update=update,
         )
         if not allowed:
             raise LimitExceededError(
-                retry_after_ms=int(1000 * (time_allowed - time_now)),
+                retry_after_ms=int(1000 * (time_allowed - time_now))
             )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -139,7 +140,7 @@ class BaseHandler(object):
 
                 if member_event.content["membership"] not in {
                     Membership.JOIN,
-                    Membership.INVITE
+                    Membership.INVITE,
                 }:
                     continue
 
@@ -156,8 +157,7 @@ class BaseHandler(object):
                 # and having homeservers have their own users leave keeps more
                 # of that decision-making and control local to the guest-having
                 # homeserver.
-                requester = synapse.types.create_requester(
-                    target_user, is_guest=True)
+                requester = synapse.types.create_requester(target_user, is_guest=True)
                 handler = self.hs.get_room_member_handler()
                 yield handler.update_membership(
                     requester,
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/account_data.py b/synapse/handlers/account_data.py
index 7fa5d44d29..e62e6cab77 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/account_data.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/account_data.py
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ class AccountDataEventSource(object):
     def __init__(self, hs):
         self.store = hs.get_datastore()
 
-    def get_current_key(self, direction='f'):
+    def get_current_key(self, direction="f"):
         return self.store.get_max_account_data_stream_id()
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -34,29 +34,22 @@ class AccountDataEventSource(object):
         tags = yield self.store.get_updated_tags(user_id, last_stream_id)
 
         for room_id, room_tags in tags.items():
-            results.append({
-                "type": "m.tag",
-                "content": {"tags": room_tags},
-                "room_id": room_id,
-            })
+            results.append(
+                {"type": "m.tag", "content": {"tags": room_tags}, "room_id": room_id}
+            )
 
         account_data, room_account_data = (
             yield self.store.get_updated_account_data_for_user(user_id, last_stream_id)
         )
 
         for account_data_type, content in account_data.items():
-            results.append({
-                "type": account_data_type,
-                "content": content,
-            })
+            results.append({"type": account_data_type, "content": content})
 
         for room_id, account_data in room_account_data.items():
             for account_data_type, content in account_data.items():
-                results.append({
-                    "type": account_data_type,
-                    "content": content,
-                    "room_id": room_id,
-                })
+                results.append(
+                    {"type": account_data_type, "content": content, "room_id": room_id}
+                )
 
         defer.returnValue((results, current_stream_id))
 
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/account_validity.py b/synapse/handlers/account_validity.py
index 947237d7da..795e9afe44 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/account_validity.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/account_validity.py
@@ -51,12 +51,10 @@ class AccountValidityHandler(object):
                 app_name = self.hs.config.email_app_name
 
                 self._subject = self._account_validity.renew_email_subject % {
-                    "app": app_name,
+                    "app": app_name
                 }
 
-                self._from_string = self.hs.config.email_notif_from % {
-                    "app": app_name,
-                }
+                self._from_string = self.hs.config.email_notif_from % {"app": app_name}
             except Exception:
                 # If substitution failed, fall back to the bare strings.
                 self._subject = self._account_validity.renew_email_subject
@@ -71,16 +69,10 @@ class AccountValidityHandler(object):
             )
 
             # Check the renewal emails to send and send them every 30min.
-            self.clock.looping_call(
-                self.send_renewal_emails,
-                30 * 60 * 1000,
-            )
+            self.clock.looping_call(self.send_renewal_emails, 30 * 60 * 1000)
 
         # Check every hour to remove expired users from the user directory
-        self.clock.looping_call(
-            self._mark_expired_users_as_inactive,
-            60 * 60 * 1000,
-        )
+        self.clock.looping_call(self._mark_expired_users_as_inactive, 60 * 60 * 1000)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def send_renewal_emails(self):
@@ -94,8 +86,7 @@ class AccountValidityHandler(object):
         if expiring_users:
             for user in expiring_users:
                 yield self._send_renewal_email(
-                    user_id=user["user_id"],
-                    expiration_ts=user["expiration_ts_ms"],
+                    user_id=user["user_id"], expiration_ts=user["expiration_ts_ms"]
                 )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -154,32 +145,33 @@ class AccountValidityHandler(object):
         for address in addresses:
             raw_to = email.utils.parseaddr(address)[1]
 
-            multipart_msg = MIMEMultipart('alternative')
-            multipart_msg['Subject'] = self._subject
-            multipart_msg['From'] = self._from_string
-            multipart_msg['To'] = address
-            multipart_msg['Date'] = email.utils.formatdate()
-            multipart_msg['Message-ID'] = email.utils.make_msgid()
+            multipart_msg = MIMEMultipart("alternative")
+            multipart_msg["Subject"] = self._subject
+            multipart_msg["From"] = self._from_string
+            multipart_msg["To"] = address
+            multipart_msg["Date"] = email.utils.formatdate()
+            multipart_msg["Message-ID"] = email.utils.make_msgid()
             multipart_msg.attach(text_part)
             multipart_msg.attach(html_part)
 
             logger.info("Sending renewal email to %s", address)
 
-            yield make_deferred_yieldable(self.sendmail(
-                self.hs.config.email_smtp_host,
-                self._raw_from, raw_to, multipart_msg.as_string().encode('utf8'),
-                reactor=self.hs.get_reactor(),
-                port=self.hs.config.email_smtp_port,
-                requireAuthentication=self.hs.config.email_smtp_user is not None,
-                username=self.hs.config.email_smtp_user,
-                password=self.hs.config.email_smtp_pass,
-                requireTransportSecurity=self.hs.config.require_transport_security
-            ))
-
-        yield self.store.set_renewal_mail_status(
-            user_id=user_id,
-            email_sent=True,
-        )
+            yield make_deferred_yieldable(
+                self.sendmail(
+                    self.hs.config.email_smtp_host,
+                    self._raw_from,
+                    raw_to,
+                    multipart_msg.as_string().encode("utf8"),
+                    reactor=self.hs.get_reactor(),
+                    port=self.hs.config.email_smtp_port,
+                    requireAuthentication=self.hs.config.email_smtp_user is not None,
+                    username=self.hs.config.email_smtp_user,
+                    password=self.hs.config.email_smtp_pass,
+                    requireTransportSecurity=self.hs.config.require_transport_security,
+                )
+            )
+
+        yield self.store.set_renewal_mail_status(user_id=user_id, email_sent=True)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _get_email_addresses_for_user(self, user_id):
@@ -264,15 +256,15 @@ class AccountValidityHandler(object):
             expiration_ts = self.clock.time_msec() + self._account_validity.period
 
         yield self.store.set_account_validity_for_user(
-            user_id=user_id,
-            expiration_ts=expiration_ts,
-            email_sent=email_sent,
+            user_id=user_id, expiration_ts=expiration_ts, email_sent=email_sent
         )
 
         # Check if renewed users should be reintroduced to the user directory
         if self._show_users_in_user_directory:
             # Show the user in the directory again by setting them to active
-            yield self.profile_handler.set_active(UserID.from_string(user_id), True, True)
+            yield self.profile_handler.set_active(
+                UserID.from_string(user_id), True, True
+            )
 
         defer.returnValue(expiration_ts)
 
@@ -286,10 +278,7 @@ class AccountValidityHandler(object):
         """
         # Get expired users
         expired_user_ids = yield self.store.get_expired_users()
-        expired_users = [
-            UserID.from_string(user_id)
-            for user_id in expired_user_ids
-        ]
+        expired_users = [UserID.from_string(user_id) for user_id in expired_user_ids]
 
         # Mark each one as non-active
         for user in expired_users:
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/acme.py b/synapse/handlers/acme.py
index 813777bf18..01e0ef408d 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/acme.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/acme.py
@@ -93,24 +93,20 @@ class AcmeHandler(object):
         )
 
         well_known = Resource()
-        well_known.putChild(b'acme-challenge', responder.resource)
+        well_known.putChild(b"acme-challenge", responder.resource)
         responder_resource = Resource()
-        responder_resource.putChild(b'.well-known', well_known)
-        responder_resource.putChild(b'check', static.Data(b'OK', b'text/plain'))
+        responder_resource.putChild(b".well-known", well_known)
+        responder_resource.putChild(b"check", static.Data(b"OK", b"text/plain"))
 
         srv = server.Site(responder_resource)
 
         bind_addresses = self.hs.config.acme_bind_addresses
         for host in bind_addresses:
             logger.info(
-                "Listening for ACME requests on %s:%i", host, self.hs.config.acme_port,
+                "Listening for ACME requests on %s:%i", host, self.hs.config.acme_port
             )
             try:
-                self.reactor.listenTCP(
-                    self.hs.config.acme_port,
-                    srv,
-                    interface=host,
-                )
+                self.reactor.listenTCP(self.hs.config.acme_port, srv, interface=host)
             except twisted.internet.error.CannotListenError as e:
                 check_bind_error(e, host, bind_addresses)
 
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/admin.py b/synapse/handlers/admin.py
index 5d629126fc..941ebfa107 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/admin.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/admin.py
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
 class AdminHandler(BaseHandler):
-
     def __init__(self, hs):
         super(AdminHandler, self).__init__(hs)
 
@@ -33,23 +32,17 @@ class AdminHandler(BaseHandler):
 
         sessions = yield self.store.get_user_ip_and_agents(user)
         for session in sessions:
-            connections.append({
-                "ip": session["ip"],
-                "last_seen": session["last_seen"],
-                "user_agent": session["user_agent"],
-            })
+            connections.append(
+                {
+                    "ip": session["ip"],
+                    "last_seen": session["last_seen"],
+                    "user_agent": session["user_agent"],
+                }
+            )
 
         ret = {
             "user_id": user.to_string(),
-            "devices": {
-                "": {
-                    "sessions": [
-                        {
-                            "connections": connections,
-                        }
-                    ]
-                },
-            },
+            "devices": {"": {"sessions": [{"connections": connections}]}},
         }
 
         defer.returnValue(ret)
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/appservice.py b/synapse/handlers/appservice.py
index 17eedf4dbf..5cc89d43f6 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/appservice.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/appservice.py
@@ -38,7 +38,6 @@ events_processed_counter = Counter("synapse_handlers_appservice_events_processed
 
 
 class ApplicationServicesHandler(object):
-
     def __init__(self, hs):
         self.store = hs.get_datastore()
         self.is_mine_id = hs.is_mine_id
@@ -101,9 +100,10 @@ class ApplicationServicesHandler(object):
                             yield self._check_user_exists(event.state_key)
 
                         if not self.started_scheduler:
+
                             def start_scheduler():
                                 return self.scheduler.start().addErrback(
-                                    log_failure, "Application Services Failure",
+                                    log_failure, "Application Services Failure"
                                 )
 
                             run_as_background_process("as_scheduler", start_scheduler)
@@ -118,10 +118,15 @@ class ApplicationServicesHandler(object):
                         for event in events:
                             yield handle_event(event)
 
-                    yield make_deferred_yieldable(defer.gatherResults([
-                        run_in_background(handle_room_events, evs)
-                        for evs in itervalues(events_by_room)
-                    ], consumeErrors=True))
+                    yield make_deferred_yieldable(
+                        defer.gatherResults(
+                            [
+                                run_in_background(handle_room_events, evs)
+                                for evs in itervalues(events_by_room)
+                            ],
+                            consumeErrors=True,
+                        )
+                    )
 
                     yield self.store.set_appservice_last_pos(upper_bound)
 
@@ -129,20 +134,23 @@ class ApplicationServicesHandler(object):
                     ts = yield self.store.get_received_ts(events[-1].event_id)
 
                     synapse.metrics.event_processing_positions.labels(
-                        "appservice_sender").set(upper_bound)
+                        "appservice_sender"
+                    ).set(upper_bound)
 
                     events_processed_counter.inc(len(events))
 
-                    event_processing_loop_room_count.labels(
-                        "appservice_sender"
-                    ).inc(len(events_by_room))
+                    event_processing_loop_room_count.labels("appservice_sender").inc(
+                        len(events_by_room)
+                    )
 
                     event_processing_loop_counter.labels("appservice_sender").inc()
 
                     synapse.metrics.event_processing_lag.labels(
-                        "appservice_sender").set(now - ts)
+                        "appservice_sender"
+                    ).set(now - ts)
                     synapse.metrics.event_processing_last_ts.labels(
-                        "appservice_sender").set(ts)
+                        "appservice_sender"
+                    ).set(ts)
             finally:
                 self.is_processing = False
 
@@ -155,13 +163,9 @@ class ApplicationServicesHandler(object):
         Returns:
             True if this user exists on at least one application service.
         """
-        user_query_services = yield self._get_services_for_user(
-            user_id=user_id
-        )
+        user_query_services = yield self._get_services_for_user(user_id=user_id)
         for user_service in user_query_services:
-            is_known_user = yield self.appservice_api.query_user(
-                user_service, user_id
-            )
+            is_known_user = yield self.appservice_api.query_user(user_service, user_id)
             if is_known_user:
                 defer.returnValue(True)
         defer.returnValue(False)
@@ -179,9 +183,7 @@ class ApplicationServicesHandler(object):
         room_alias_str = room_alias.to_string()
         services = self.store.get_app_services()
         alias_query_services = [
-            s for s in services if (
-                s.is_interested_in_alias(room_alias_str)
-            )
+            s for s in services if (s.is_interested_in_alias(room_alias_str))
         ]
         for alias_service in alias_query_services:
             is_known_alias = yield self.appservice_api.query_alias(
@@ -189,22 +191,24 @@ class ApplicationServicesHandler(object):
             )
             if is_known_alias:
                 # the alias exists now so don't query more ASes.
-                result = yield self.store.get_association_from_room_alias(
-                    room_alias
-                )
+                result = yield self.store.get_association_from_room_alias(room_alias)
                 defer.returnValue(result)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def query_3pe(self, kind, protocol, fields):
         services = yield self._get_services_for_3pn(protocol)
 
-        results = yield make_deferred_yieldable(defer.DeferredList([
-            run_in_background(
-                self.appservice_api.query_3pe,
-                service, kind, protocol, fields,
+        results = yield make_deferred_yieldable(
+            defer.DeferredList(
+                [
+                    run_in_background(
+                        self.appservice_api.query_3pe, service, kind, protocol, fields
+                    )
+                    for service in services
+                ],
+                consumeErrors=True,
             )
-            for service in services
-        ], consumeErrors=True))
+        )
 
         ret = []
         for (success, result) in results:
@@ -276,18 +280,12 @@ class ApplicationServicesHandler(object):
 
     def _get_services_for_user(self, user_id):
         services = self.store.get_app_services()
-        interested_list = [
-            s for s in services if (
-                s.is_interested_in_user(user_id)
-            )
-        ]
+        interested_list = [s for s in services if (s.is_interested_in_user(user_id))]
         return defer.succeed(interested_list)
 
     def _get_services_for_3pn(self, protocol):
         services = self.store.get_app_services()
-        interested_list = [
-            s for s in services if s.is_interested_in_protocol(protocol)
-        ]
+        interested_list = [s for s in services if s.is_interested_in_protocol(protocol)]
         return defer.succeed(interested_list)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/auth.py b/synapse/handlers/auth.py
index 9a2ff177a6..94b3879c61 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/auth.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/auth.py
@@ -134,13 +134,9 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
         """
 
         # build a list of supported flows
-        flows = [
-            [login_type] for login_type in self._supported_login_types
-        ]
+        flows = [[login_type] for login_type in self._supported_login_types]
 
-        result, params, _ = yield self.check_auth(
-            flows, request_body, clientip,
-        )
+        result, params, _ = yield self.check_auth(flows, request_body, clientip)
 
         # find the completed login type
         for login_type in self._supported_login_types:
@@ -151,9 +147,7 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
             break
         else:
             # this can't happen
-            raise Exception(
-                "check_auth returned True but no successful login type",
-            )
+            raise Exception("check_auth returned True but no successful login type")
 
         # check that the UI auth matched the access token
         if user_id != requester.user.to_string():
@@ -215,11 +209,11 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
 
         authdict = None
         sid = None
-        if clientdict and 'auth' in clientdict:
-            authdict = clientdict['auth']
-            del clientdict['auth']
-            if 'session' in authdict:
-                sid = authdict['session']
+        if clientdict and "auth" in clientdict:
+            authdict = clientdict["auth"]
+            del clientdict["auth"]
+            if "session" in authdict:
+                sid = authdict["session"]
         session = self._get_session_info(sid)
 
         if len(clientdict) > 0:
@@ -232,27 +226,27 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
             # on a home server.
             # Revisit: Assumimg the REST APIs do sensible validation, the data
             # isn't arbintrary.
-            session['clientdict'] = clientdict
+            session["clientdict"] = clientdict
             self._save_session(session)
-        elif 'clientdict' in session:
-            clientdict = session['clientdict']
+        elif "clientdict" in session:
+            clientdict = session["clientdict"]
 
         if not authdict:
             raise InteractiveAuthIncompleteError(
-                self._auth_dict_for_flows(flows, session),
+                self._auth_dict_for_flows(flows, session)
             )
 
-        if 'creds' not in session:
-            session['creds'] = {}
-        creds = session['creds']
+        if "creds" not in session:
+            session["creds"] = {}
+        creds = session["creds"]
 
         # check auth type currently being presented
         errordict = {}
-        if 'type' in authdict:
-            login_type = authdict['type']
+        if "type" in authdict:
+            login_type = authdict["type"]
             try:
                 result = yield self._check_auth_dict(
-                    authdict, clientip, password_servlet=password_servlet,
+                    authdict, clientip, password_servlet=password_servlet
                 )
                 if result:
                     creds[login_type] = result
@@ -281,16 +275,15 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
                 # and is not sensitive).
                 logger.info(
                     "Auth completed with creds: %r. Client dict has keys: %r",
-                    creds, list(clientdict)
+                    creds,
+                    list(clientdict),
                 )
-                defer.returnValue((creds, clientdict, session['id']))
+                defer.returnValue((creds, clientdict, session["id"]))
 
         ret = self._auth_dict_for_flows(flows, session)
-        ret['completed'] = list(creds)
+        ret["completed"] = list(creds)
         ret.update(errordict)
-        raise InteractiveAuthIncompleteError(
-            ret,
-        )
+        raise InteractiveAuthIncompleteError(ret)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def add_oob_auth(self, stagetype, authdict, clientip):
@@ -300,15 +293,13 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
         """
         if stagetype not in self.checkers:
             raise LoginError(400, "", Codes.MISSING_PARAM)
-        if 'session' not in authdict:
+        if "session" not in authdict:
             raise LoginError(400, "", Codes.MISSING_PARAM)
 
-        sess = self._get_session_info(
-            authdict['session']
-        )
-        if 'creds' not in sess:
-            sess['creds'] = {}
-        creds = sess['creds']
+        sess = self._get_session_info(authdict["session"])
+        if "creds" not in sess:
+            sess["creds"] = {}
+        creds = sess["creds"]
 
         result = yield self.checkers[stagetype](authdict, clientip)
         if result:
@@ -329,10 +320,10 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
                 not send a session ID, returns None.
         """
         sid = None
-        if clientdict and 'auth' in clientdict:
-            authdict = clientdict['auth']
-            if 'session' in authdict:
-                sid = authdict['session']
+        if clientdict and "auth" in clientdict:
+            authdict = clientdict["auth"]
+            if "session" in authdict:
+                sid = authdict["session"]
         return sid
 
     def set_session_data(self, session_id, key, value):
@@ -347,7 +338,7 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
             value (any): The data to store
         """
         sess = self._get_session_info(session_id)
-        sess.setdefault('serverdict', {})[key] = value
+        sess.setdefault("serverdict", {})[key] = value
         self._save_session(sess)
 
     def get_session_data(self, session_id, key, default=None):
@@ -360,7 +351,7 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
             default (any): Value to return if the key has not been set
         """
         sess = self._get_session_info(session_id)
-        return sess.setdefault('serverdict', {}).get(key, default)
+        return sess.setdefault("serverdict", {}).get(key, default)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _check_auth_dict(self, authdict, clientip, password_servlet=False):
@@ -378,15 +369,13 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
             SynapseError if there was a problem with the request
             LoginError if there was an authentication problem.
         """
-        login_type = authdict['type']
+        login_type = authdict["type"]
         checker = self.checkers.get(login_type)
         if checker is not None:
             # XXX: Temporary workaround for having Synapse handle password resets
             # See AuthHandler.check_auth for further details
             res = yield checker(
-                authdict,
-                clientip=clientip,
-                password_servlet=password_servlet,
+                authdict, clientip=clientip, password_servlet=password_servlet
             )
             defer.returnValue(res)
 
@@ -408,13 +397,11 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
             # Client tried to provide captcha but didn't give the parameter:
             # bad request.
             raise LoginError(
-                400, "Captcha response is required",
-                errcode=Codes.CAPTCHA_NEEDED
+                400, "Captcha response is required", errcode=Codes.CAPTCHA_NEEDED
             )
 
         logger.info(
-            "Submitting recaptcha response %s with remoteip %s",
-            user_response, clientip
+            "Submitting recaptcha response %s with remoteip %s", user_response, clientip
         )
 
         # TODO: get this from the homeserver rather than creating a new one for
@@ -424,34 +411,34 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
             resp_body = yield client.post_urlencoded_get_json(
                 self.hs.config.recaptcha_siteverify_api,
                 args={
-                    'secret': self.hs.config.recaptcha_private_key,
-                    'response': user_response,
-                    'remoteip': clientip,
-                }
+                    "secret": self.hs.config.recaptcha_private_key,
+                    "response": user_response,
+                    "remoteip": clientip,
+                },
             )
         except PartialDownloadError as pde:
             # Twisted is silly
             data = pde.response
             resp_body = json.loads(data)
 
-        if 'success' in resp_body:
+        if "success" in resp_body:
             # Note that we do NOT check the hostname here: we explicitly
             # intend the CAPTCHA to be presented by whatever client the
             # user is using, we just care that they have completed a CAPTCHA.
             logger.info(
                 "%s reCAPTCHA from hostname %s",
-                "Successful" if resp_body['success'] else "Failed",
-                resp_body.get('hostname')
+                "Successful" if resp_body["success"] else "Failed",
+                resp_body.get("hostname"),
             )
-            if resp_body['success']:
+            if resp_body["success"]:
                 defer.returnValue(True)
         raise LoginError(401, "", errcode=Codes.UNAUTHORIZED)
 
     def _check_email_identity(self, authdict, **kwargs):
-        return self._check_threepid('email', authdict, **kwargs)
+        return self._check_threepid("email", authdict, **kwargs)
 
     def _check_msisdn(self, authdict, **kwargs):
-        return self._check_threepid('msisdn', authdict)
+        return self._check_threepid("msisdn", authdict)
 
     def _check_dummy_auth(self, authdict, **kwargs):
         return defer.succeed(True)
@@ -461,10 +448,10 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _check_threepid(self, medium, authdict, password_servlet=False, **kwargs):
-        if 'threepid_creds' not in authdict:
+        if "threepid_creds" not in authdict:
             raise LoginError(400, "Missing threepid_creds", Codes.MISSING_PARAM)
 
-        threepid_creds = authdict['threepid_creds']
+        threepid_creds = authdict["threepid_creds"]
 
         identity_handler = self.hs.get_handlers().identity_handler
 
@@ -482,31 +469,36 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
                 validated=True,
             )
 
-            threepid = {
-                "medium": row["medium"],
-                "address": row["address"],
-                "validated_at": row["validated_at"],
-            } if row else None
+            threepid = (
+                {
+                    "medium": row["medium"],
+                    "address": row["address"],
+                    "validated_at": row["validated_at"],
+                }
+                if row
+                else None
+            )
 
             if row:
                 # Valid threepid returned, delete from the db
                 yield self.store.delete_threepid_session(threepid_creds["sid"])
         else:
-            raise SynapseError(400, "Password resets are not enabled on this homeserver")
+            raise SynapseError(
+                400, "Password resets are not enabled on this homeserver"
+            )
 
         if not threepid:
             raise LoginError(401, "", errcode=Codes.UNAUTHORIZED)
 
-        if threepid['medium'] != medium:
+        if threepid["medium"] != medium:
             raise LoginError(
                 401,
-                "Expecting threepid of type '%s', got '%s'" % (
-                    medium, threepid['medium'],
-                ),
-                errcode=Codes.UNAUTHORIZED
+                "Expecting threepid of type '%s', got '%s'"
+                % (medium, threepid["medium"]),
+                errcode=Codes.UNAUTHORIZED,
             )
 
-        threepid['threepid_creds'] = authdict['threepid_creds']
+        threepid["threepid_creds"] = authdict["threepid_creds"]
 
         defer.returnValue(threepid)
 
@@ -520,13 +512,14 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
                     "version": self.hs.config.user_consent_version,
                     "en": {
                         "name": self.hs.config.user_consent_policy_name,
-                        "url": "%s_matrix/consent?v=%s" % (
+                        "url": "%s_matrix/consent?v=%s"
+                        % (
                             self.hs.config.public_baseurl,
                             self.hs.config.user_consent_version,
                         ),
                     },
-                },
-            },
+                }
+            }
         }
 
     def _auth_dict_for_flows(self, flows, session):
@@ -547,9 +540,9 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
                     params[stage] = get_params[stage]()
 
         return {
-            "session": session['id'],
+            "session": session["id"],
             "flows": [{"stages": f} for f in public_flows],
-            "params": params
+            "params": params,
         }
 
     def _get_session_info(self, session_id):
@@ -560,9 +553,7 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
             # create a new session
             while session_id is None or session_id in self.sessions:
                 session_id = stringutils.random_string(24)
-            self.sessions[session_id] = {
-                "id": session_id,
-            }
+            self.sessions[session_id] = {"id": session_id}
 
         return self.sessions[session_id]
 
@@ -652,7 +643,8 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
             logger.warn(
                 "Attempted to login as %s but it matches more than one user "
                 "inexactly: %r",
-                user_id, user_infos.keys()
+                user_id,
+                user_infos.keys(),
             )
         defer.returnValue(result)
 
@@ -690,12 +682,10 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
                 user is too high too proceed.
         """
 
-        if username.startswith('@'):
+        if username.startswith("@"):
             qualified_user_id = username
         else:
-            qualified_user_id = UserID(
-                username, self.hs.hostname
-            ).to_string()
+            qualified_user_id = UserID(username, self.hs.hostname).to_string()
 
         self.ratelimit_login_per_account(qualified_user_id)
 
@@ -713,17 +703,15 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
                 raise SynapseError(400, "Missing parameter: password")
 
         for provider in self.password_providers:
-            if (hasattr(provider, "check_password")
-                    and login_type == LoginType.PASSWORD):
+            if hasattr(provider, "check_password") and login_type == LoginType.PASSWORD:
                 known_login_type = True
-                is_valid = yield provider.check_password(
-                    qualified_user_id, password,
-                )
+                is_valid = yield provider.check_password(qualified_user_id, password)
                 if is_valid:
                     defer.returnValue((qualified_user_id, None))
 
-            if (not hasattr(provider, "get_supported_login_types")
-                    or not hasattr(provider, "check_auth")):
+            if not hasattr(provider, "get_supported_login_types") or not hasattr(
+                provider, "check_auth"
+            ):
                 # this password provider doesn't understand custom login types
                 continue
 
@@ -744,15 +732,12 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
                     login_dict[f] = login_submission[f]
             if missing_fields:
                 raise SynapseError(
-                    400, "Missing parameters for login type %s: %s" % (
-                        login_type,
-                        missing_fields,
-                    ),
+                    400,
+                    "Missing parameters for login type %s: %s"
+                    % (login_type, missing_fields),
                 )
 
-            result = yield provider.check_auth(
-                username, login_type, login_dict,
-            )
+            result = yield provider.check_auth(username, login_type, login_dict)
             if result:
                 if isinstance(result, str):
                     result = (result, None)
@@ -762,7 +747,7 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
             known_login_type = True
 
             canonical_user_id = yield self._check_local_password(
-                qualified_user_id, password,
+                qualified_user_id, password
             )
 
             if canonical_user_id:
@@ -773,7 +758,8 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
 
         # unknown username or invalid password.
         self._failed_attempts_ratelimiter.ratelimit(
-            qualified_user_id.lower(), time_now_s=self._clock.time(),
+            qualified_user_id.lower(),
+            time_now_s=self._clock.time(),
             rate_hz=self.hs.config.rc_login_failed_attempts.per_second,
             burst_count=self.hs.config.rc_login_failed_attempts.burst_count,
             update=True,
@@ -781,10 +767,7 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
 
         # We raise a 403 here, but note that if we're doing user-interactive
         # login, it turns all LoginErrors into a 401 anyway.
-        raise LoginError(
-            403, "Invalid password",
-            errcode=Codes.FORBIDDEN
-        )
+        raise LoginError(403, "Invalid password", errcode=Codes.FORBIDDEN)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def check_password_provider_3pid(self, medium, address, password):
@@ -810,9 +793,7 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
                 # success, to a str (which is the user_id) or a tuple of
                 # (user_id, callback_func), where callback_func should be run
                 # after we've finished everything else
-                result = yield provider.check_3pid_auth(
-                    medium, address, password,
-                )
+                result = yield provider.check_3pid_auth(medium, address, password)
                 if result:
                     # Check if the return value is a str or a tuple
                     if isinstance(result, str):
@@ -853,8 +834,7 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def issue_access_token(self, user_id, device_id=None):
         access_token = self.macaroon_gen.generate_access_token(user_id)
-        yield self.store.add_access_token_to_user(user_id, access_token,
-                                                  device_id)
+        yield self.store.add_access_token_to_user(user_id, access_token, device_id)
         defer.returnValue(access_token)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -896,12 +876,13 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
         # delete pushers associated with this access token
         if user_info["token_id"] is not None:
             yield self.hs.get_pusherpool().remove_pushers_by_access_token(
-                str(user_info["user"]), (user_info["token_id"], )
+                str(user_info["user"]), (user_info["token_id"],)
             )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def delete_access_tokens_for_user(self, user_id, except_token_id=None,
-                                      device_id=None):
+    def delete_access_tokens_for_user(
+        self, user_id, except_token_id=None, device_id=None
+    ):
         """Invalidate access tokens belonging to a user
 
         Args:
@@ -915,7 +896,7 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
             Deferred
         """
         tokens_and_devices = yield self.store.user_delete_access_tokens(
-            user_id, except_token_id=except_token_id, device_id=device_id,
+            user_id, except_token_id=except_token_id, device_id=device_id
         )
 
         # see if any of our auth providers want to know about this
@@ -923,14 +904,12 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
             if hasattr(provider, "on_logged_out"):
                 for token, token_id, device_id in tokens_and_devices:
                     yield provider.on_logged_out(
-                        user_id=user_id,
-                        device_id=device_id,
-                        access_token=token,
+                        user_id=user_id, device_id=device_id, access_token=token
                     )
 
         # delete pushers associated with the access tokens
         yield self.hs.get_pusherpool().remove_pushers_by_access_token(
-            user_id, (token_id for _, token_id, _ in tokens_and_devices),
+            user_id, (token_id for _, token_id, _ in tokens_and_devices)
         )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -944,12 +923,11 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
         # of specific types of threepid (and fixes the fact that checking
         # for the presence of an email address during password reset was
         # case sensitive).
-        if medium == 'email':
+        if medium == "email":
             address = address.lower()
 
         yield self.store.user_add_threepid(
-            user_id, medium, address, validated_at,
-            self.hs.get_clock().time_msec()
+            user_id, medium, address, validated_at, self.hs.get_clock().time_msec()
         )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -973,22 +951,15 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
         """
 
         # 'Canonicalise' email addresses as per above
-        if medium == 'email':
+        if medium == "email":
             address = address.lower()
 
         identity_handler = self.hs.get_handlers().identity_handler
         result = yield identity_handler.try_unbind_threepid(
-            user_id,
-            {
-                'medium': medium,
-                'address': address,
-                'id_server': id_server,
-            },
+            user_id, {"medium": medium, "address": address, "id_server": id_server}
         )
 
-        yield self.store.user_delete_threepid(
-            user_id, medium, address,
-        )
+        yield self.store.user_delete_threepid(user_id, medium, address)
         defer.returnValue(result)
 
     def _save_session(self, session):
@@ -1006,14 +977,15 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
         Returns:
             Deferred(unicode): Hashed password.
         """
+
         def _do_hash():
             # Normalise the Unicode in the password
             pw = unicodedata.normalize("NFKC", password)
 
             return bcrypt.hashpw(
-                pw.encode('utf8') + self.hs.config.password_pepper.encode("utf8"),
+                pw.encode("utf8") + self.hs.config.password_pepper.encode("utf8"),
                 bcrypt.gensalt(self.bcrypt_rounds),
-            ).decode('ascii')
+            ).decode("ascii")
 
         return logcontext.defer_to_thread(self.hs.get_reactor(), _do_hash)
 
@@ -1027,18 +999,19 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
         Returns:
             Deferred(bool): Whether self.hash(password) == stored_hash.
         """
+
         def _do_validate_hash():
             # Normalise the Unicode in the password
             pw = unicodedata.normalize("NFKC", password)
 
             return bcrypt.checkpw(
-                pw.encode('utf8') + self.hs.config.password_pepper.encode("utf8"),
-                stored_hash
+                pw.encode("utf8") + self.hs.config.password_pepper.encode("utf8"),
+                stored_hash,
             )
 
         if stored_hash:
             if not isinstance(stored_hash, bytes):
-                stored_hash = stored_hash.encode('ascii')
+                stored_hash = stored_hash.encode("ascii")
 
             return logcontext.defer_to_thread(self.hs.get_reactor(), _do_validate_hash)
         else:
@@ -1058,14 +1031,16 @@ class AuthHandler(BaseHandler):
                 for this user is too high too proceed.
         """
         self._failed_attempts_ratelimiter.ratelimit(
-            user_id.lower(), time_now_s=self._clock.time(),
+            user_id.lower(),
+            time_now_s=self._clock.time(),
             rate_hz=self.hs.config.rc_login_failed_attempts.per_second,
             burst_count=self.hs.config.rc_login_failed_attempts.burst_count,
             update=False,
         )
 
         self._account_ratelimiter.ratelimit(
-            user_id.lower(), time_now_s=self._clock.time(),
+            user_id.lower(),
+            time_now_s=self._clock.time(),
             rate_hz=self.hs.config.rc_login_account.per_second,
             burst_count=self.hs.config.rc_login_account.burst_count,
             update=True,
@@ -1083,9 +1058,9 @@ class MacaroonGenerator(object):
         macaroon.add_first_party_caveat("type = access")
         # Include a nonce, to make sure that each login gets a different
         # access token.
-        macaroon.add_first_party_caveat("nonce = %s" % (
-            stringutils.random_string_with_symbols(16),
-        ))
+        macaroon.add_first_party_caveat(
+            "nonce = %s" % (stringutils.random_string_with_symbols(16),)
+        )
         for caveat in extra_caveats:
             macaroon.add_first_party_caveat(caveat)
         return macaroon.serialize()
@@ -1116,7 +1091,8 @@ class MacaroonGenerator(object):
         macaroon = pymacaroons.Macaroon(
             location=self.hs.config.server_name,
             identifier="key",
-            key=self.hs.config.macaroon_secret_key)
+            key=self.hs.config.macaroon_secret_key,
+        )
         macaroon.add_first_party_caveat("gen = 1")
         macaroon.add_first_party_caveat("user_id = %s" % (user_id,))
         return macaroon
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/deactivate_account.py b/synapse/handlers/deactivate_account.py
index ac8f75d256..602c0e864d 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/deactivate_account.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/deactivate_account.py
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 class DeactivateAccountHandler(BaseHandler):
     """Handler which deals with deactivating user accounts."""
+
     def __init__(self, hs):
         super(DeactivateAccountHandler, self).__init__(hs)
         self._auth_handler = hs.get_auth_handler()
@@ -79,9 +80,9 @@ class DeactivateAccountHandler(BaseHandler):
                 result = yield self._identity_handler.try_unbind_threepid(
                     user_id,
                     {
-                        'medium': threepid['medium'],
-                        'address': threepid['address'],
-                        'id_server': id_server,
+                        "medium": threepid["medium"],
+                        "address": threepid["address"],
+                        "id_server": id_server,
                     },
                 )
                 identity_server_supports_unbinding &= result
@@ -90,7 +91,7 @@ class DeactivateAccountHandler(BaseHandler):
                 logger.exception("Failed to remove threepid from ID server")
                 raise SynapseError(400, "Failed to remove threepid from ID server")
             yield self.store.user_delete_threepid(
-                user_id, threepid['medium'], threepid['address'],
+                user_id, threepid["medium"], threepid["address"]
             )
 
         # delete any devices belonging to the user, which will also
@@ -231,5 +232,6 @@ class DeactivateAccountHandler(BaseHandler):
             except Exception:
                 logger.exception(
                     "Failed to part user %r from room %r: ignoring and continuing",
-                    user_id, room_id,
+                    user_id,
+                    room_id,
                 )
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/device.py b/synapse/handlers/device.py
index d69fc8b061..f99880355d 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/device.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/device.py
@@ -58,9 +58,7 @@ class DeviceWorkerHandler(BaseHandler):
 
         device_map = yield self.store.get_devices_by_user(user_id)
 
-        ips = yield self.store.get_last_client_ip_by_device(
-            user_id, device_id=None
-        )
+        ips = yield self.store.get_last_client_ip_by_device(user_id, device_id=None)
 
         devices = list(device_map.values())
         for device in devices:
@@ -85,9 +83,7 @@ class DeviceWorkerHandler(BaseHandler):
             device = yield self.store.get_device(user_id, device_id)
         except errors.StoreError:
             raise errors.NotFoundError
-        ips = yield self.store.get_last_client_ip_by_device(
-            user_id, device_id,
-        )
+        ips = yield self.store.get_last_client_ip_by_device(user_id, device_id)
         _update_device_from_client_ips(device, ips)
         defer.returnValue(device)
 
@@ -114,13 +110,11 @@ class DeviceWorkerHandler(BaseHandler):
         rooms_changed = self.store.get_rooms_that_changed(room_ids, from_token.room_key)
 
         member_events = yield self.store.get_membership_changes_for_user(
-            user_id, from_token.room_key, now_room_key,
+            user_id, from_token.room_key, now_room_key
         )
         rooms_changed.update(event.room_id for event in member_events)
 
-        stream_ordering = RoomStreamToken.parse_stream_token(
-            from_token.room_key
-        ).stream
+        stream_ordering = RoomStreamToken.parse_stream_token(from_token.room_key).stream
 
         possibly_changed = set(changed)
         possibly_left = set()
@@ -206,10 +200,9 @@ class DeviceWorkerHandler(BaseHandler):
             possibly_joined = []
             possibly_left = []
 
-        defer.returnValue({
-            "changed": list(possibly_joined),
-            "left": list(possibly_left),
-        })
+        defer.returnValue(
+            {"changed": list(possibly_joined), "left": list(possibly_left)}
+        )
 
 
 class DeviceHandler(DeviceWorkerHandler):
@@ -223,17 +216,18 @@ class DeviceHandler(DeviceWorkerHandler):
         federation_registry = hs.get_federation_registry()
 
         federation_registry.register_edu_handler(
-            "m.device_list_update", self._edu_updater.incoming_device_list_update,
+            "m.device_list_update", self._edu_updater.incoming_device_list_update
         )
         federation_registry.register_query_handler(
-            "user_devices", self.on_federation_query_user_devices,
+            "user_devices", self.on_federation_query_user_devices
         )
 
         hs.get_distributor().observe("user_left_room", self.user_left_room)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def check_device_registered(self, user_id, device_id,
-                                initial_device_display_name=None):
+    def check_device_registered(
+        self, user_id, device_id, initial_device_display_name=None
+    ):
         """
         If the given device has not been registered, register it with the
         supplied display name.
@@ -297,12 +291,10 @@ class DeviceHandler(DeviceWorkerHandler):
                 raise
 
         yield self._auth_handler.delete_access_tokens_for_user(
-            user_id, device_id=device_id,
+            user_id, device_id=device_id
         )
 
-        yield self.store.delete_e2e_keys_by_device(
-            user_id=user_id, device_id=device_id
-        )
+        yield self.store.delete_e2e_keys_by_device(user_id=user_id, device_id=device_id)
 
         yield self.notify_device_update(user_id, [device_id])
 
@@ -349,7 +341,7 @@ class DeviceHandler(DeviceWorkerHandler):
         # considered as part of a critical path.
         for device_id in device_ids:
             yield self._auth_handler.delete_access_tokens_for_user(
-                user_id, device_id=device_id,
+                user_id, device_id=device_id
             )
             yield self.store.delete_e2e_keys_by_device(
                 user_id=user_id, device_id=device_id
@@ -372,9 +364,7 @@ class DeviceHandler(DeviceWorkerHandler):
 
         try:
             yield self.store.update_device(
-                user_id,
-                device_id,
-                new_display_name=content.get("display_name")
+                user_id, device_id, new_display_name=content.get("display_name")
             )
             yield self.notify_device_update(user_id, [device_id])
         except errors.StoreError as e:
@@ -404,29 +394,26 @@ class DeviceHandler(DeviceWorkerHandler):
 
         for device_id in device_ids:
             logger.debug(
-                "Notifying about update %r/%r, ID: %r", user_id, device_id,
-                position,
+                "Notifying about update %r/%r, ID: %r", user_id, device_id, position
             )
 
         room_ids = yield self.store.get_rooms_for_user(user_id)
 
-        yield self.notifier.on_new_event(
-            "device_list_key", position, rooms=room_ids,
-        )
+        yield self.notifier.on_new_event("device_list_key", position, rooms=room_ids)
 
         if hosts:
-            logger.info("Sending device list update notif for %r to: %r", user_id, hosts)
+            logger.info(
+                "Sending device list update notif for %r to: %r", user_id, hosts
+            )
             for host in hosts:
                 self.federation_sender.send_device_messages(host)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_federation_query_user_devices(self, user_id):
         stream_id, devices = yield self.store.get_devices_with_keys_by_user(user_id)
-        defer.returnValue({
-            "user_id": user_id,
-            "stream_id": stream_id,
-            "devices": devices,
-        })
+        defer.returnValue(
+            {"user_id": user_id, "stream_id": stream_id, "devices": devices}
+        )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def user_left_room(self, user, room_id):
@@ -440,10 +427,7 @@ class DeviceHandler(DeviceWorkerHandler):
 
 def _update_device_from_client_ips(device, client_ips):
     ip = client_ips.get((device["user_id"], device["device_id"]), {})
-    device.update({
-        "last_seen_ts": ip.get("last_seen"),
-        "last_seen_ip": ip.get("ip"),
-    })
+    device.update({"last_seen_ts": ip.get("last_seen"), "last_seen_ip": ip.get("ip")})
 
 
 class DeviceListEduUpdater(object):
@@ -481,13 +465,15 @@ class DeviceListEduUpdater(object):
         device_id = edu_content.pop("device_id")
         stream_id = str(edu_content.pop("stream_id"))  # They may come as ints
         prev_ids = edu_content.pop("prev_id", [])
-        prev_ids = [str(p) for p in prev_ids]   # They may come as ints
+        prev_ids = [str(p) for p in prev_ids]  # They may come as ints
 
         if get_domain_from_id(user_id) != origin:
             # TODO: Raise?
             logger.warning(
                 "Got device list update edu for %r/%r from %r",
-                user_id, device_id, origin,
+                user_id,
+                device_id,
+                origin,
             )
             return
 
@@ -497,13 +483,12 @@ class DeviceListEduUpdater(object):
             # probably won't get any further updates.
             logger.warning(
                 "Got device list update edu for %r/%r, but don't share a room",
-                user_id, device_id,
+                user_id,
+                device_id,
             )
             return
 
-        logger.debug(
-            "Received device list update for %r/%r", user_id, device_id,
-        )
+        logger.debug("Received device list update for %r/%r", user_id, device_id)
 
         self._pending_updates.setdefault(user_id, []).append(
             (device_id, stream_id, prev_ids, edu_content)
@@ -525,7 +510,10 @@ class DeviceListEduUpdater(object):
             for device_id, stream_id, prev_ids, content in pending_updates:
                 logger.debug(
                     "Handling update %r/%r, ID: %r, prev: %r ",
-                    user_id, device_id, stream_id, prev_ids,
+                    user_id,
+                    device_id,
+                    stream_id,
+                    prev_ids,
                 )
 
             # Given a list of updates we check if we need to resync. This
@@ -540,13 +528,13 @@ class DeviceListEduUpdater(object):
                 try:
                     result = yield self.federation.query_user_devices(origin, user_id)
                 except (
-                    NotRetryingDestination, RequestSendFailed, HttpResponseException,
+                    NotRetryingDestination,
+                    RequestSendFailed,
+                    HttpResponseException,
                 ):
                     # TODO: Remember that we are now out of sync and try again
                     # later
-                    logger.warn(
-                        "Failed to handle device list update for %s", user_id,
-                    )
+                    logger.warn("Failed to handle device list update for %s", user_id)
                     # We abort on exceptions rather than accepting the update
                     # as otherwise synapse will 'forget' that its device list
                     # is out of date. If we bail then we will retry the resync
@@ -571,7 +559,9 @@ class DeviceListEduUpdater(object):
                 for device in devices:
                     logger.debug(
                         "Handling resync update %r/%r, ID: %r",
-                        user_id, device["device_id"], stream_id,
+                        user_id,
+                        device["device_id"],
+                        stream_id,
                     )
 
                 # If the remote server has more than ~1000 devices for this user
@@ -588,18 +578,21 @@ class DeviceListEduUpdater(object):
                 if len(devices) > 1000:
                     logger.warn(
                         "Ignoring device list snapshot for %s as it has >1K devs (%d)",
-                        user_id, len(devices)
+                        user_id,
+                        len(devices),
                     )
                     devices = []
 
                 for device in devices:
                     logger.debug(
                         "Handling resync update %r/%r, ID: %r",
-                        user_id, device["device_id"], stream_id,
+                        user_id,
+                        device["device_id"],
+                        stream_id,
                     )
 
                 yield self.store.update_remote_device_list_cache(
-                    user_id, devices, stream_id,
+                    user_id, devices, stream_id
                 )
                 device_ids = [device["device_id"] for device in devices]
                 yield self.device_handler.notify_device_update(user_id, device_ids)
@@ -612,7 +605,7 @@ class DeviceListEduUpdater(object):
                 # change (because of the single prev_id matching the current cache)
                 for device_id, stream_id, prev_ids, content in pending_updates:
                     yield self.store.update_remote_device_list_cache_entry(
-                        user_id, device_id, content, stream_id,
+                        user_id, device_id, content, stream_id
                     )
 
                 yield self.device_handler.notify_device_update(
@@ -630,14 +623,9 @@ class DeviceListEduUpdater(object):
         """
         seen_updates = self._seen_updates.get(user_id, set())
 
-        extremity = yield self.store.get_device_list_last_stream_id_for_remote(
-            user_id
-        )
+        extremity = yield self.store.get_device_list_last_stream_id_for_remote(user_id)
 
-        logger.debug(
-            "Current extremity for %r: %r",
-            user_id, extremity,
-        )
+        logger.debug("Current extremity for %r: %r", user_id, extremity)
 
         stream_id_in_updates = set()  # stream_ids in updates list
         for _, stream_id, prev_ids, _ in updates:
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/devicemessage.py b/synapse/handlers/devicemessage.py
index 2e2e5261de..e1ebb6346c 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/devicemessage.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/devicemessage.py
@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@ logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
 class DeviceMessageHandler(object):
-
     def __init__(self, hs):
         """
         Args:
@@ -47,15 +46,15 @@ class DeviceMessageHandler(object):
         if origin != get_domain_from_id(sender_user_id):
             logger.warn(
                 "Dropping device message from %r with spoofed sender %r",
-                origin, sender_user_id
+                origin,
+                sender_user_id,
             )
         message_type = content["type"]
         message_id = content["message_id"]
         for user_id, by_device in content["messages"].items():
             # we use UserID.from_string to catch invalid user ids
             if not self.is_mine(UserID.from_string(user_id)):
-                logger.warning("Request for keys for non-local user %s",
-                               user_id)
+                logger.warning("Request for keys for non-local user %s", user_id)
                 raise SynapseError(400, "Not a user here")
 
             messages_by_device = {
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/directory.py b/synapse/handlers/directory.py
index a12f9508d8..42d5b3db30 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/directory.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/directory.py
@@ -36,7 +36,6 @@ logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
 class DirectoryHandler(BaseHandler):
-
     def __init__(self, hs):
         super(DirectoryHandler, self).__init__(hs)
 
@@ -77,15 +76,19 @@ class DirectoryHandler(BaseHandler):
             raise SynapseError(400, "Failed to get server list")
 
         yield self.store.create_room_alias_association(
-            room_alias,
-            room_id,
-            servers,
-            creator=creator,
+            room_alias, room_id, servers, creator=creator
         )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def create_association(self, requester, room_alias, room_id, servers=None,
-                           send_event=True, check_membership=True):
+    def create_association(
+        self,
+        requester,
+        room_alias,
+        room_id,
+        servers=None,
+        send_event=True,
+        check_membership=True,
+    ):
         """Attempt to create a new alias
 
         Args:
@@ -115,49 +118,40 @@ class DirectoryHandler(BaseHandler):
         if service:
             if not service.is_interested_in_alias(room_alias.to_string()):
                 raise SynapseError(
-                    400, "This application service has not reserved"
-                    " this kind of alias.", errcode=Codes.EXCLUSIVE
+                    400,
+                    "This application service has not reserved" " this kind of alias.",
+                    errcode=Codes.EXCLUSIVE,
                 )
         else:
             if self.require_membership and check_membership:
                 rooms_for_user = yield self.store.get_rooms_for_user(user_id)
                 if room_id not in rooms_for_user:
                     raise AuthError(
-                        403,
-                        "You must be in the room to create an alias for it",
+                        403, "You must be in the room to create an alias for it"
                     )
 
             if not self.spam_checker.user_may_create_room_alias(user_id, room_alias):
-                raise AuthError(
-                    403, "This user is not permitted to create this alias",
-                )
+                raise AuthError(403, "This user is not permitted to create this alias")
 
             if not self.config.is_alias_creation_allowed(
-                user_id, room_id, room_alias.to_string(),
+                user_id, room_id, room_alias.to_string()
             ):
                 # Lets just return a generic message, as there may be all sorts of
                 # reasons why we said no. TODO: Allow configurable error messages
                 # per alias creation rule?
-                raise SynapseError(
-                    403, "Not allowed to create alias",
-                )
+                raise SynapseError(403, "Not allowed to create alias")
 
-            can_create = yield self.can_modify_alias(
-                room_alias,
-                user_id=user_id
-            )
+            can_create = yield self.can_modify_alias(room_alias, user_id=user_id)
             if not can_create:
                 raise AuthError(
-                    400, "This alias is reserved by an application service.",
-                    errcode=Codes.EXCLUSIVE
+                    400,
+                    "This alias is reserved by an application service.",
+                    errcode=Codes.EXCLUSIVE,
                 )
 
         yield self._create_association(room_alias, room_id, servers, creator=user_id)
         if send_event:
-            yield self.send_room_alias_update_event(
-                requester,
-                room_id
-            )
+            yield self.send_room_alias_update_event(requester, room_id)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def delete_association(self, requester, room_alias, send_event=True):
@@ -194,34 +188,24 @@ class DirectoryHandler(BaseHandler):
             raise
 
         if not can_delete:
-            raise AuthError(
-                403, "You don't have permission to delete the alias.",
-            )
+            raise AuthError(403, "You don't have permission to delete the alias.")
 
-        can_delete = yield self.can_modify_alias(
-            room_alias,
-            user_id=user_id
-        )
+        can_delete = yield self.can_modify_alias(room_alias, user_id=user_id)
         if not can_delete:
             raise SynapseError(
-                400, "This alias is reserved by an application service.",
-                errcode=Codes.EXCLUSIVE
+                400,
+                "This alias is reserved by an application service.",
+                errcode=Codes.EXCLUSIVE,
             )
 
         room_id = yield self._delete_association(room_alias)
 
         try:
             if send_event:
-                yield self.send_room_alias_update_event(
-                    requester,
-                    room_id
-                )
+                yield self.send_room_alias_update_event(requester, room_id)
 
             yield self._update_canonical_alias(
-                requester,
-                requester.user.to_string(),
-                room_id,
-                room_alias,
+                requester, requester.user.to_string(), room_id, room_alias
             )
         except AuthError as e:
             logger.info("Failed to update alias events: %s", e)
@@ -234,7 +218,7 @@ class DirectoryHandler(BaseHandler):
             raise SynapseError(
                 400,
                 "This application service has not reserved this kind of alias",
-                errcode=Codes.EXCLUSIVE
+                errcode=Codes.EXCLUSIVE,
             )
         yield self._delete_association(room_alias)
 
@@ -251,9 +235,7 @@ class DirectoryHandler(BaseHandler):
     def get_association(self, room_alias):
         room_id = None
         if self.hs.is_mine(room_alias):
-            result = yield self.get_association_from_room_alias(
-                room_alias
-            )
+            result = yield self.get_association_from_room_alias(room_alias)
 
             if result:
                 room_id = result.room_id
@@ -263,9 +245,7 @@ class DirectoryHandler(BaseHandler):
                 result = yield self.federation.make_query(
                     destination=room_alias.domain,
                     query_type="directory",
-                    args={
-                        "room_alias": room_alias.to_string(),
-                    },
+                    args={"room_alias": room_alias.to_string()},
                     retry_on_dns_fail=False,
                     ignore_backoff=True,
                 )
@@ -284,7 +264,7 @@ class DirectoryHandler(BaseHandler):
             raise SynapseError(
                 404,
                 "Room alias %s not found" % (room_alias.to_string(),),
-                Codes.NOT_FOUND
+                Codes.NOT_FOUND,
             )
 
         users = yield self.state.get_current_users_in_room(room_id)
@@ -293,41 +273,28 @@ class DirectoryHandler(BaseHandler):
 
         # If this server is in the list of servers, return it first.
         if self.server_name in servers:
-            servers = (
-                [self.server_name] +
-                [s for s in servers if s != self.server_name]
-            )
+            servers = [self.server_name] + [s for s in servers if s != self.server_name]
         else:
             servers = list(servers)
 
-        defer.returnValue({
-            "room_id": room_id,
-            "servers": servers,
-        })
+        defer.returnValue({"room_id": room_id, "servers": servers})
         return
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_directory_query(self, args):
         room_alias = RoomAlias.from_string(args["room_alias"])
         if not self.hs.is_mine(room_alias):
-            raise SynapseError(
-                400, "Room Alias is not hosted on this Home Server"
-            )
+            raise SynapseError(400, "Room Alias is not hosted on this Home Server")
 
-        result = yield self.get_association_from_room_alias(
-            room_alias
-        )
+        result = yield self.get_association_from_room_alias(room_alias)
 
         if result is not None:
-            defer.returnValue({
-                "room_id": result.room_id,
-                "servers": result.servers,
-            })
+            defer.returnValue({"room_id": result.room_id, "servers": result.servers})
         else:
             raise SynapseError(
                 404,
                 "Room alias %r not found" % (room_alias.to_string(),),
-                Codes.NOT_FOUND
+                Codes.NOT_FOUND,
             )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -343,7 +310,7 @@ class DirectoryHandler(BaseHandler):
                 "sender": requester.user.to_string(),
                 "content": {"aliases": aliases},
             },
-            ratelimit=False
+            ratelimit=False,
         )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -365,14 +332,12 @@ class DirectoryHandler(BaseHandler):
                 "sender": user_id,
                 "content": {},
             },
-            ratelimit=False
+            ratelimit=False,
         )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_association_from_room_alias(self, room_alias):
-        result = yield self.store.get_association_from_room_alias(
-            room_alias
-        )
+        result = yield self.store.get_association_from_room_alias(room_alias)
         if not result:
             # Query AS to see if it exists
             as_handler = self.appservice_handler
@@ -421,8 +386,7 @@ class DirectoryHandler(BaseHandler):
 
         if not self.spam_checker.user_may_publish_room(user_id, room_id):
             raise AuthError(
-                403,
-                "This user is not permitted to publish rooms to the room list"
+                403, "This user is not permitted to publish rooms to the room list"
             )
 
         if requester.is_guest:
@@ -434,8 +398,7 @@ class DirectoryHandler(BaseHandler):
         if visibility == "public" and not self.enable_room_list_search:
             # The room list has been disabled.
             raise AuthError(
-                403,
-                "This user is not permitted to publish rooms to the room list"
+                403, "This user is not permitted to publish rooms to the room list"
             )
 
         room = yield self.store.get_room(room_id)
@@ -452,20 +415,19 @@ class DirectoryHandler(BaseHandler):
                 room_aliases.append(canonical_alias)
 
             if not self.config.is_publishing_room_allowed(
-                user_id, room_id, room_aliases,
+                user_id, room_id, room_aliases
             ):
                 # Lets just return a generic message, as there may be all sorts of
                 # reasons why we said no. TODO: Allow configurable error messages
                 # per alias creation rule?
-                raise SynapseError(
-                    403, "Not allowed to publish room",
-                )
+                raise SynapseError(403, "Not allowed to publish room")
 
         yield self.store.set_room_is_public(room_id, making_public)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def edit_published_appservice_room_list(self, appservice_id, network_id,
-                                            room_id, visibility):
+    def edit_published_appservice_room_list(
+        self, appservice_id, network_id, room_id, visibility
+    ):
         """Add or remove a room from the appservice/network specific public
         room list.
 
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/e2e_keys.py b/synapse/handlers/e2e_keys.py
index 9dc46aa15f..807900fe52 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/e2e_keys.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/e2e_keys.py
@@ -99,9 +99,7 @@ class E2eKeysHandler(object):
                     query_list.append((user_id, None))
 
             user_ids_not_in_cache, remote_results = (
-                yield self.store.get_user_devices_from_cache(
-                    query_list
-                )
+                yield self.store.get_user_devices_from_cache(query_list)
             )
             for user_id, devices in iteritems(remote_results):
                 user_devices = results.setdefault(user_id, {})
@@ -126,9 +124,7 @@ class E2eKeysHandler(object):
             destination_query = remote_queries_not_in_cache[destination]
             try:
                 remote_result = yield self.federation.query_client_keys(
-                    destination,
-                    {"device_keys": destination_query},
-                    timeout=timeout
+                    destination, {"device_keys": destination_query}, timeout=timeout
                 )
 
                 for user_id, keys in remote_result["device_keys"].items():
@@ -138,14 +134,17 @@ class E2eKeysHandler(object):
             except Exception as e:
                 failures[destination] = _exception_to_failure(e)
 
-        yield make_deferred_yieldable(defer.gatherResults([
-            run_in_background(do_remote_query, destination)
-            for destination in remote_queries_not_in_cache
-        ], consumeErrors=True))
+        yield make_deferred_yieldable(
+            defer.gatherResults(
+                [
+                    run_in_background(do_remote_query, destination)
+                    for destination in remote_queries_not_in_cache
+                ],
+                consumeErrors=True,
+            )
+        )
 
-        defer.returnValue({
-            "device_keys": results, "failures": failures,
-        })
+        defer.returnValue({"device_keys": results, "failures": failures})
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def query_local_devices(self, query):
@@ -165,8 +164,7 @@ class E2eKeysHandler(object):
         for user_id, device_ids in query.items():
             # we use UserID.from_string to catch invalid user ids
             if not self.is_mine(UserID.from_string(user_id)):
-                logger.warning("Request for keys for non-local user %s",
-                               user_id)
+                logger.warning("Request for keys for non-local user %s", user_id)
                 raise SynapseError(400, "Not a user here")
 
             if not device_ids:
@@ -231,9 +229,7 @@ class E2eKeysHandler(object):
             device_keys = remote_queries[destination]
             try:
                 remote_result = yield self.federation.claim_client_keys(
-                    destination,
-                    {"one_time_keys": device_keys},
-                    timeout=timeout
+                    destination, {"one_time_keys": device_keys}, timeout=timeout
                 )
                 for user_id, keys in remote_result["one_time_keys"].items():
                     if user_id in device_keys:
@@ -241,25 +237,29 @@ class E2eKeysHandler(object):
             except Exception as e:
                 failures[destination] = _exception_to_failure(e)
 
-        yield make_deferred_yieldable(defer.gatherResults([
-            run_in_background(claim_client_keys, destination)
-            for destination in remote_queries
-        ], consumeErrors=True))
+        yield make_deferred_yieldable(
+            defer.gatherResults(
+                [
+                    run_in_background(claim_client_keys, destination)
+                    for destination in remote_queries
+                ],
+                consumeErrors=True,
+            )
+        )
 
         logger.info(
             "Claimed one-time-keys: %s",
-            ",".join((
-                "%s for %s:%s" % (key_id, user_id, device_id)
-                for user_id, user_keys in iteritems(json_result)
-                for device_id, device_keys in iteritems(user_keys)
-                for key_id, _ in iteritems(device_keys)
-            )),
+            ",".join(
+                (
+                    "%s for %s:%s" % (key_id, user_id, device_id)
+                    for user_id, user_keys in iteritems(json_result)
+                    for device_id, device_keys in iteritems(user_keys)
+                    for key_id, _ in iteritems(device_keys)
+                )
+            ),
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue({
-            "one_time_keys": json_result,
-            "failures": failures
-        })
+        defer.returnValue({"one_time_keys": json_result, "failures": failures})
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def upload_keys_for_user(self, user_id, device_id, keys):
@@ -270,11 +270,13 @@ class E2eKeysHandler(object):
         if device_keys:
             logger.info(
                 "Updating device_keys for device %r for user %s at %d",
-                device_id, user_id, time_now
+                device_id,
+                user_id,
+                time_now,
             )
             # TODO: Sign the JSON with the server key
             changed = yield self.store.set_e2e_device_keys(
-                user_id, device_id, time_now, device_keys,
+                user_id, device_id, time_now, device_keys
             )
             if changed:
                 # Only notify about device updates *if* the keys actually changed
@@ -283,7 +285,7 @@ class E2eKeysHandler(object):
         one_time_keys = keys.get("one_time_keys", None)
         if one_time_keys:
             yield self._upload_one_time_keys_for_user(
-                user_id, device_id, time_now, one_time_keys,
+                user_id, device_id, time_now, one_time_keys
             )
 
         # the device should have been registered already, but it may have been
@@ -298,20 +300,22 @@ class E2eKeysHandler(object):
         defer.returnValue({"one_time_key_counts": result})
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _upload_one_time_keys_for_user(self, user_id, device_id, time_now,
-                                       one_time_keys):
+    def _upload_one_time_keys_for_user(
+        self, user_id, device_id, time_now, one_time_keys
+    ):
         logger.info(
             "Adding one_time_keys %r for device %r for user %r at %d",
-            one_time_keys.keys(), device_id, user_id, time_now,
+            one_time_keys.keys(),
+            device_id,
+            user_id,
+            time_now,
         )
 
         # make a list of (alg, id, key) tuples
         key_list = []
         for key_id, key_obj in one_time_keys.items():
             algorithm, key_id = key_id.split(":")
-            key_list.append((
-                algorithm, key_id, key_obj
-            ))
+            key_list.append((algorithm, key_id, key_obj))
 
         # First we check if we have already persisted any of the keys.
         existing_key_map = yield self.store.get_e2e_one_time_keys(
@@ -325,42 +329,35 @@ class E2eKeysHandler(object):
                 if not _one_time_keys_match(ex_json, key):
                     raise SynapseError(
                         400,
-                        ("One time key %s:%s already exists. "
-                         "Old key: %s; new key: %r") %
-                        (algorithm, key_id, ex_json, key)
+                        (
+                            "One time key %s:%s already exists. "
+                            "Old key: %s; new key: %r"
+                        )
+                        % (algorithm, key_id, ex_json, key),
                     )
             else:
-                new_keys.append((
-                    algorithm, key_id, encode_canonical_json(key).decode('ascii')))
+                new_keys.append(
+                    (algorithm, key_id, encode_canonical_json(key).decode("ascii"))
+                )
 
-        yield self.store.add_e2e_one_time_keys(
-            user_id, device_id, time_now, new_keys
-        )
+        yield self.store.add_e2e_one_time_keys(user_id, device_id, time_now, new_keys)
 
 
 def _exception_to_failure(e):
     if isinstance(e, CodeMessageException):
-        return {
-            "status": e.code, "message": str(e),
-        }
+        return {"status": e.code, "message": str(e)}
 
     if isinstance(e, NotRetryingDestination):
-        return {
-            "status": 503, "message": "Not ready for retry",
-        }
+        return {"status": 503, "message": "Not ready for retry"}
 
     if isinstance(e, FederationDeniedError):
-        return {
-            "status": 403, "message": "Federation Denied",
-        }
+        return {"status": 403, "message": "Federation Denied"}
 
     # include ConnectionRefused and other errors
     #
     # Note that some Exceptions (notably twisted's ResponseFailed etc) don't
     # give a string for e.message, which json then fails to serialize.
-    return {
-        "status": 503, "message": str(e),
-    }
+    return {"status": 503, "message": str(e)}
 
 
 def _one_time_keys_match(old_key_json, new_key):
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/e2e_room_keys.py b/synapse/handlers/e2e_room_keys.py
index 7bc174070e..ebd807bca6 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/e2e_room_keys.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/e2e_room_keys.py
@@ -152,14 +152,14 @@ class E2eRoomKeysHandler(object):
                 else:
                     raise
 
-            if version_info['version'] != version:
+            if version_info["version"] != version:
                 # Check that the version we're trying to upload actually exists
                 try:
                     version_info = yield self.store.get_e2e_room_keys_version_info(
-                        user_id, version,
+                        user_id, version
                     )
                     # if we get this far, the version must exist
-                    raise RoomKeysVersionError(current_version=version_info['version'])
+                    raise RoomKeysVersionError(current_version=version_info["version"])
                 except StoreError as e:
                     if e.code == 404:
                         raise NotFoundError("Version '%s' not found" % (version,))
@@ -168,8 +168,8 @@ class E2eRoomKeysHandler(object):
 
             # go through the room_keys.
             # XXX: this should/could be done concurrently, given we're in a lock.
-            for room_id, room in iteritems(room_keys['rooms']):
-                for session_id, session in iteritems(room['sessions']):
+            for room_id, room in iteritems(room_keys["rooms"]):
+                for session_id, session in iteritems(room["sessions"]):
                     yield self._upload_room_key(
                         user_id, version, room_id, session_id, session
                     )
@@ -223,14 +223,14 @@ class E2eRoomKeysHandler(object):
             # spelt out with if/elifs rather than nested boolean expressions
             # purely for legibility.
 
-            if room_key['is_verified'] and not current_room_key['is_verified']:
+            if room_key["is_verified"] and not current_room_key["is_verified"]:
                 return True
             elif (
-                room_key['first_message_index'] <
-                current_room_key['first_message_index']
+                room_key["first_message_index"]
+                < current_room_key["first_message_index"]
             ):
                 return True
-            elif room_key['forwarded_count'] < current_room_key['forwarded_count']:
+            elif room_key["forwarded_count"] < current_room_key["forwarded_count"]:
                 return True
             else:
                 return False
@@ -328,16 +328,10 @@ class E2eRoomKeysHandler(object):
             A deferred of an empty dict.
         """
         if "version" not in version_info:
-            raise SynapseError(
-                400,
-                "Missing version in body",
-                Codes.MISSING_PARAM
-            )
+            raise SynapseError(400, "Missing version in body", Codes.MISSING_PARAM)
         if version_info["version"] != version:
             raise SynapseError(
-                400,
-                "Version in body does not match",
-                Codes.INVALID_PARAM
+                400, "Version in body does not match", Codes.INVALID_PARAM
             )
         with (yield self._upload_linearizer.queue(user_id)):
             try:
@@ -350,12 +344,10 @@ class E2eRoomKeysHandler(object):
                 else:
                     raise
             if old_info["algorithm"] != version_info["algorithm"]:
-                raise SynapseError(
-                    400,
-                    "Algorithm does not match",
-                    Codes.INVALID_PARAM
-                )
+                raise SynapseError(400, "Algorithm does not match", Codes.INVALID_PARAM)
 
-            yield self.store.update_e2e_room_keys_version(user_id, version, version_info)
+            yield self.store.update_e2e_room_keys_version(
+                user_id, version, version_info
+            )
 
             defer.returnValue({})
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/events.py b/synapse/handlers/events.py
index eb525070cf..5836d3c639 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/events.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/events.py
@@ -31,7 +31,6 @@ logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
 class EventStreamHandler(BaseHandler):
-
     def __init__(self, hs):
         super(EventStreamHandler, self).__init__(hs)
 
@@ -53,9 +52,17 @@ class EventStreamHandler(BaseHandler):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     @log_function
-    def get_stream(self, auth_user_id, pagin_config, timeout=0,
-                   as_client_event=True, affect_presence=True,
-                   only_keys=None, room_id=None, is_guest=False):
+    def get_stream(
+        self,
+        auth_user_id,
+        pagin_config,
+        timeout=0,
+        as_client_event=True,
+        affect_presence=True,
+        only_keys=None,
+        room_id=None,
+        is_guest=False,
+    ):
         """Fetches the events stream for a given user.
 
         If `only_keys` is not None, events from keys will be sent down.
@@ -73,7 +80,7 @@ class EventStreamHandler(BaseHandler):
         presence_handler = self.hs.get_presence_handler()
 
         context = yield presence_handler.user_syncing(
-            auth_user_id, affect_presence=affect_presence,
+            auth_user_id, affect_presence=affect_presence
         )
         with context:
             if timeout:
@@ -85,9 +92,12 @@ class EventStreamHandler(BaseHandler):
                 timeout = random.randint(int(timeout * 0.9), int(timeout * 1.1))
 
             events, tokens = yield self.notifier.get_events_for(
-                auth_user, pagin_config, timeout,
+                auth_user,
+                pagin_config,
+                timeout,
                 only_keys=only_keys,
-                is_guest=is_guest, explicit_room_id=room_id
+                is_guest=is_guest,
+                explicit_room_id=room_id,
             )
 
             # When the user joins a new room, or another user joins a currently
@@ -102,17 +112,15 @@ class EventStreamHandler(BaseHandler):
                     # Send down presence.
                     if event.state_key == auth_user_id:
                         # Send down presence for everyone in the room.
-                        users = yield self.state.get_current_users_in_room(event.room_id)
-                        states = yield presence_handler.get_states(
-                            users,
-                            as_event=True,
+                        users = yield self.state.get_current_users_in_room(
+                            event.room_id
                         )
+                        states = yield presence_handler.get_states(users, as_event=True)
                         to_add.extend(states)
                     else:
 
                         ev = yield presence_handler.get_state(
-                            UserID.from_string(event.state_key),
-                            as_event=True,
+                            UserID.from_string(event.state_key), as_event=True
                         )
                         to_add.append(ev)
 
@@ -121,7 +129,9 @@ class EventStreamHandler(BaseHandler):
             time_now = self.clock.time_msec()
 
             chunks = yield self._event_serializer.serialize_events(
-                events, time_now, as_client_event=as_client_event,
+                events,
+                time_now,
+                as_client_event=as_client_event,
                 # We don't bundle "live" events, as otherwise clients
                 # will end up double counting annotations.
                 bundle_aggregations=False,
@@ -137,7 +147,6 @@ class EventStreamHandler(BaseHandler):
 
 
 class EventHandler(BaseHandler):
-
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_event(self, user, room_id, event_id):
         """Retrieve a single specified event.
@@ -164,16 +173,10 @@ class EventHandler(BaseHandler):
         is_peeking = user.to_string() not in users
 
         filtered = yield filter_events_for_client(
-            self.store,
-            user.to_string(),
-            [event],
-            is_peeking=is_peeking
+            self.store, user.to_string(), [event], is_peeking=is_peeking
         )
 
         if not filtered:
-            raise AuthError(
-                403,
-                "You don't have permission to access that event."
-            )
+            raise AuthError(403, "You don't have permission to access that event.")
 
         defer.returnValue(event)
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/federation.py b/synapse/handlers/federation.py
index 0a52f3d64d..189e6e3737 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/federation.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/federation.py
@@ -115,14 +115,14 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
         self.config = hs.config
         self.http_client = hs.get_simple_http_client()
 
-        self._send_events_to_master = (
-            ReplicationFederationSendEventsRestServlet.make_client(hs)
+        self._send_events_to_master = ReplicationFederationSendEventsRestServlet.make_client(
+            hs
         )
-        self._notify_user_membership_change = (
-            ReplicationUserJoinedLeftRoomRestServlet.make_client(hs)
+        self._notify_user_membership_change = ReplicationUserJoinedLeftRoomRestServlet.make_client(
+            hs
         )
-        self._clean_room_for_join_client = (
-            ReplicationCleanRoomRestServlet.make_client(hs)
+        self._clean_room_for_join_client = ReplicationCleanRoomRestServlet.make_client(
+            hs
         )
 
         # When joining a room we need to queue any events for that room up
@@ -132,9 +132,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
         self.third_party_event_rules = hs.get_third_party_event_rules()
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def on_receive_pdu(
-            self, origin, pdu, sent_to_us_directly=False,
-    ):
+    def on_receive_pdu(self, origin, pdu, sent_to_us_directly=False):
         """ Process a PDU received via a federation /send/ transaction, or
         via backfill of missing prev_events
 
@@ -151,26 +149,19 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
         room_id = pdu.room_id
         event_id = pdu.event_id
 
-        logger.info(
-            "[%s %s] handling received PDU: %s",
-            room_id, event_id, pdu,
-        )
+        logger.info("[%s %s] handling received PDU: %s", room_id, event_id, pdu)
 
         # We reprocess pdus when we have seen them only as outliers
         existing = yield self.store.get_event(
-            event_id,
-            allow_none=True,
-            allow_rejected=True,
+            event_id, allow_none=True, allow_rejected=True
         )
 
         # FIXME: Currently we fetch an event again when we already have it
         # if it has been marked as an outlier.
 
-        already_seen = (
-            existing and (
-                not existing.internal_metadata.is_outlier()
-                or pdu.internal_metadata.is_outlier()
-            )
+        already_seen = existing and (
+            not existing.internal_metadata.is_outlier()
+            or pdu.internal_metadata.is_outlier()
         )
         if already_seen:
             logger.debug("[%s %s]: Already seen pdu", room_id, event_id)
@@ -182,20 +173,19 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
         try:
             self._sanity_check_event(pdu)
         except SynapseError as err:
-            logger.warn("[%s %s] Received event failed sanity checks", room_id, event_id)
-            raise FederationError(
-                "ERROR",
-                err.code,
-                err.msg,
-                affected=pdu.event_id,
+            logger.warn(
+                "[%s %s] Received event failed sanity checks", room_id, event_id
             )
+            raise FederationError("ERROR", err.code, err.msg, affected=pdu.event_id)
 
         # If we are currently in the process of joining this room, then we
         # queue up events for later processing.
         if room_id in self.room_queues:
             logger.info(
                 "[%s %s] Queuing PDU from %s for now: join in progress",
-                room_id, event_id, origin,
+                room_id,
+                event_id,
+                origin,
             )
             self.room_queues[room_id].append((pdu, origin))
             return
@@ -206,14 +196,13 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
         #
         # Note that if we were never in the room then we would have already
         # dropped the event, since we wouldn't know the room version.
-        is_in_room = yield self.auth.check_host_in_room(
-            room_id,
-            self.server_name
-        )
+        is_in_room = yield self.auth.check_host_in_room(room_id, self.server_name)
         if not is_in_room:
             logger.info(
                 "[%s %s] Ignoring PDU from %s as we're not in the room",
-                room_id, event_id, origin,
+                room_id,
+                event_id,
+                origin,
             )
             defer.returnValue(None)
 
@@ -223,14 +212,9 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
         # Get missing pdus if necessary.
         if not pdu.internal_metadata.is_outlier():
             # We only backfill backwards to the min depth.
-            min_depth = yield self.get_min_depth_for_context(
-                pdu.room_id
-            )
+            min_depth = yield self.get_min_depth_for_context(pdu.room_id)
 
-            logger.debug(
-                "[%s %s] min_depth: %d",
-                room_id, event_id, min_depth,
-            )
+            logger.debug("[%s %s] min_depth: %d", room_id, event_id, min_depth)
 
             prevs = set(pdu.prev_event_ids())
             seen = yield self.store.have_seen_events(prevs)
@@ -248,12 +232,17 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
                     # at a time.
                     logger.info(
                         "[%s %s] Acquiring room lock to fetch %d missing prev_events: %s",
-                        room_id, event_id, len(missing_prevs), shortstr(missing_prevs),
+                        room_id,
+                        event_id,
+                        len(missing_prevs),
+                        shortstr(missing_prevs),
                     )
                     with (yield self._room_pdu_linearizer.queue(pdu.room_id)):
                         logger.info(
                             "[%s %s] Acquired room lock to fetch %d missing prev_events",
-                            room_id, event_id, len(missing_prevs),
+                            room_id,
+                            event_id,
+                            len(missing_prevs),
                         )
 
                         yield self._get_missing_events_for_pdu(
@@ -267,12 +256,16 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
                         if not prevs - seen:
                             logger.info(
                                 "[%s %s] Found all missing prev_events",
-                                room_id, event_id,
+                                room_id,
+                                event_id,
                             )
                 elif missing_prevs:
                     logger.info(
                         "[%s %s] Not recursively fetching %d missing prev_events: %s",
-                        room_id, event_id, len(missing_prevs), shortstr(missing_prevs),
+                        room_id,
+                        event_id,
+                        len(missing_prevs),
+                        shortstr(missing_prevs),
                     )
 
             if prevs - seen:
@@ -303,7 +296,10 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
                 if sent_to_us_directly:
                     logger.warn(
                         "[%s %s] Rejecting: failed to fetch %d prev events: %s",
-                        room_id, event_id, len(prevs - seen), shortstr(prevs - seen)
+                        room_id,
+                        event_id,
+                        len(prevs - seen),
+                        shortstr(prevs - seen),
                     )
                     raise FederationError(
                         "ERROR",
@@ -318,9 +314,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
                 # Calculate the state after each of the previous events, and
                 # resolve them to find the correct state at the current event.
                 auth_chains = set()
-                event_map = {
-                    event_id: pdu,
-                }
+                event_map = {event_id: pdu}
                 try:
                     # Get the state of the events we know about
                     ours = yield self.store.get_state_groups_ids(room_id, seen)
@@ -337,7 +331,9 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
                     for p in prevs - seen:
                         logger.info(
                             "[%s %s] Requesting state at missing prev_event %s",
-                            room_id, event_id, p,
+                            room_id,
+                            event_id,
+                            p,
                         )
 
                         room_version = yield self.store.get_room_version(room_id)
@@ -348,19 +344,19 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
                             # by the get_pdu_cache in federation_client.
                             remote_state, got_auth_chain = (
                                 yield self.federation_client.get_state_for_room(
-                                    origin, room_id, p,
+                                    origin, room_id, p
                                 )
                             )
 
                             # we want the state *after* p; get_state_for_room returns the
                             # state *before* p.
                             remote_event = yield self.federation_client.get_pdu(
-                                [origin], p, room_version, outlier=True,
+                                [origin], p, room_version, outlier=True
                             )
 
                             if remote_event is None:
                                 raise Exception(
-                                    "Unable to get missing prev_event %s" % (p, )
+                                    "Unable to get missing prev_event %s" % (p,)
                                 )
 
                             if remote_event.is_state():
@@ -380,7 +376,9 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
                                 event_map[x.event_id] = x
 
                     state_map = yield resolve_events_with_store(
-                        room_version, state_maps, event_map,
+                        room_version,
+                        state_maps,
+                        event_map,
                         state_res_store=StateResolutionStore(self.store),
                     )
 
@@ -396,15 +394,15 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
                     )
                     event_map.update(evs)
 
-                    state = [
-                        event_map[e] for e in six.itervalues(state_map)
-                    ]
+                    state = [event_map[e] for e in six.itervalues(state_map)]
                     auth_chain = list(auth_chains)
                 except Exception:
                     logger.warn(
                         "[%s %s] Error attempting to resolve state at missing "
                         "prev_events",
-                        room_id, event_id, exc_info=True,
+                        room_id,
+                        event_id,
+                        exc_info=True,
                     )
                     raise FederationError(
                         "ERROR",
@@ -414,10 +412,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
                     )
 
         yield self._process_received_pdu(
-            origin,
-            pdu,
-            state=state,
-            auth_chain=auth_chain,
+            origin, pdu, state=state, auth_chain=auth_chain
         )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -447,7 +442,10 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
 
         logger.info(
             "[%s %s]: Requesting missing events between %s and %s",
-            room_id, event_id, shortstr(latest), event_id,
+            room_id,
+            event_id,
+            shortstr(latest),
+            event_id,
         )
 
         # XXX: we set timeout to 10s to help workaround
@@ -512,15 +510,15 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
             # We failed to get the missing events, but since we need to handle
             # the case of `get_missing_events` not returning the necessary
             # events anyway, it is safe to simply log the error and continue.
-            logger.warn(
-                "[%s %s]: Failed to get prev_events: %s",
-                room_id, event_id, e,
-            )
+            logger.warn("[%s %s]: Failed to get prev_events: %s", room_id, event_id, e)
             return
 
         logger.info(
             "[%s %s]: Got %d prev_events: %s",
-            room_id, event_id, len(missing_events), shortstr(missing_events),
+            room_id,
+            event_id,
+            len(missing_events),
+            shortstr(missing_events),
         )
 
         # We want to sort these by depth so we process them and
@@ -530,20 +528,20 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
         for ev in missing_events:
             logger.info(
                 "[%s %s] Handling received prev_event %s",
-                room_id, event_id, ev.event_id,
+                room_id,
+                event_id,
+                ev.event_id,
             )
             with logcontext.nested_logging_context(ev.event_id):
                 try:
-                    yield self.on_receive_pdu(
-                        origin,
-                        ev,
-                        sent_to_us_directly=False,
-                    )
+                    yield self.on_receive_pdu(origin, ev, sent_to_us_directly=False)
                 except FederationError as e:
                     if e.code == 403:
                         logger.warn(
                             "[%s %s] Received prev_event %s failed history check.",
-                            room_id, event_id, ev.event_id,
+                            room_id,
+                            event_id,
+                            ev.event_id,
                         )
                     else:
                         raise
@@ -556,10 +554,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
         room_id = event.room_id
         event_id = event.event_id
 
-        logger.debug(
-            "[%s %s] Processing event: %s",
-            room_id, event_id, event,
-        )
+        logger.debug("[%s %s] Processing event: %s", room_id, event_id, event)
 
         event_ids = set()
         if state:
@@ -581,43 +576,32 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
                 e.internal_metadata.outlier = True
                 auth_ids = e.auth_event_ids()
                 auth = {
-                    (e.type, e.state_key): e for e in auth_chain
+                    (e.type, e.state_key): e
+                    for e in auth_chain
                     if e.event_id in auth_ids or e.type == EventTypes.Create
                 }
-                event_infos.append({
-                    "event": e,
-                    "auth_events": auth,
-                })
+                event_infos.append({"event": e, "auth_events": auth})
                 seen_ids.add(e.event_id)
 
             logger.info(
                 "[%s %s] persisting newly-received auth/state events %s",
-                room_id, event_id, [e["event"].event_id for e in event_infos]
+                room_id,
+                event_id,
+                [e["event"].event_id for e in event_infos],
             )
             yield self._handle_new_events(origin, event_infos)
 
         try:
-            context = yield self._handle_new_event(
-                origin,
-                event,
-                state=state,
-            )
+            context = yield self._handle_new_event(origin, event, state=state)
         except AuthError as e:
-            raise FederationError(
-                "ERROR",
-                e.code,
-                e.msg,
-                affected=event.event_id,
-            )
+            raise FederationError("ERROR", e.code, e.msg, affected=event.event_id)
 
         room = yield self.store.get_room(room_id)
 
         if not room:
             try:
                 yield self.store.store_room(
-                    room_id=room_id,
-                    room_creator_user_id="",
-                    is_public=False,
+                    room_id=room_id, room_creator_user_id="", is_public=False
                 )
             except StoreError:
                 logger.exception("Failed to store room.")
@@ -631,12 +615,10 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
 
                 prev_state_ids = yield context.get_prev_state_ids(self.store)
 
-                prev_state_id = prev_state_ids.get(
-                    (event.type, event.state_key)
-                )
+                prev_state_id = prev_state_ids.get((event.type, event.state_key))
                 if prev_state_id:
                     prev_state = yield self.store.get_event(
-                        prev_state_id, allow_none=True,
+                        prev_state_id, allow_none=True
                     )
                     if prev_state and prev_state.membership == Membership.JOIN:
                         newly_joined = False
@@ -667,10 +649,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
         room_version = yield self.store.get_room_version(room_id)
 
         events = yield self.federation_client.backfill(
-            dest,
-            room_id,
-            limit=limit,
-            extremities=extremities,
+            dest, room_id, limit=limit, extremities=extremities
         )
 
         # ideally we'd sanity check the events here for excess prev_events etc,
@@ -697,16 +676,9 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
 
         event_ids = set(e.event_id for e in events)
 
-        edges = [
-            ev.event_id
-            for ev in events
-            if set(ev.prev_event_ids()) - event_ids
-        ]
+        edges = [ev.event_id for ev in events if set(ev.prev_event_ids()) - event_ids]
 
-        logger.info(
-            "backfill: Got %d events with %d edges",
-            len(events), len(edges),
-        )
+        logger.info("backfill: Got %d events with %d edges", len(events), len(edges))
 
         # For each edge get the current state.
 
@@ -715,9 +687,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
         events_to_state = {}
         for e_id in edges:
             state, auth = yield self.federation_client.get_state_for_room(
-                destination=dest,
-                room_id=room_id,
-                event_id=e_id
+                destination=dest, room_id=room_id, event_id=e_id
             )
             auth_events.update({a.event_id: a for a in auth})
             auth_events.update({s.event_id: s for s in state})
@@ -726,12 +696,14 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
 
         required_auth = set(
             a_id
-            for event in events + list(state_events.values()) + list(auth_events.values())
+            for event in events
+            + list(state_events.values())
+            + list(auth_events.values())
             for a_id in event.auth_event_ids()
         )
-        auth_events.update({
-            e_id: event_map[e_id] for e_id in required_auth if e_id in event_map
-        })
+        auth_events.update(
+            {e_id: event_map[e_id] for e_id in required_auth if e_id in event_map}
+        )
         missing_auth = required_auth - set(auth_events)
         failed_to_fetch = set()
 
@@ -750,27 +722,30 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
             if missing_auth - failed_to_fetch:
                 logger.info(
                     "Fetching missing auth for backfill: %r",
-                    missing_auth - failed_to_fetch
+                    missing_auth - failed_to_fetch,
                 )
 
-                results = yield logcontext.make_deferred_yieldable(defer.gatherResults(
-                    [
-                        logcontext.run_in_background(
-                            self.federation_client.get_pdu,
-                            [dest],
-                            event_id,
-                            room_version=room_version,
-                            outlier=True,
-                            timeout=10000,
-                        )
-                        for event_id in missing_auth - failed_to_fetch
-                    ],
-                    consumeErrors=True
-                )).addErrback(unwrapFirstError)
+                results = yield logcontext.make_deferred_yieldable(
+                    defer.gatherResults(
+                        [
+                            logcontext.run_in_background(
+                                self.federation_client.get_pdu,
+                                [dest],
+                                event_id,
+                                room_version=room_version,
+                                outlier=True,
+                                timeout=10000,
+                            )
+                            for event_id in missing_auth - failed_to_fetch
+                        ],
+                        consumeErrors=True,
+                    )
+                ).addErrback(unwrapFirstError)
                 auth_events.update({a.event_id: a for a in results if a})
                 required_auth.update(
                     a_id
-                    for event in results if event
+                    for event in results
+                    if event
                     for a_id in event.auth_event_ids()
                 )
                 missing_auth = required_auth - set(auth_events)
@@ -802,15 +777,19 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
                 continue
 
             a.internal_metadata.outlier = True
-            ev_infos.append({
-                "event": a,
-                "auth_events": {
-                    (auth_events[a_id].type, auth_events[a_id].state_key):
-                    auth_events[a_id]
-                    for a_id in a.auth_event_ids()
-                    if a_id in auth_events
+            ev_infos.append(
+                {
+                    "event": a,
+                    "auth_events": {
+                        (
+                            auth_events[a_id].type,
+                            auth_events[a_id].state_key,
+                        ): auth_events[a_id]
+                        for a_id in a.auth_event_ids()
+                        if a_id in auth_events
+                    },
                 }
-            })
+            )
 
         # Step 1b: persist the events in the chunk we fetched state for (i.e.
         # the backwards extremities) as non-outliers.
@@ -818,23 +797,24 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
             # For paranoia we ensure that these events are marked as
             # non-outliers
             ev = event_map[e_id]
-            assert(not ev.internal_metadata.is_outlier())
-
-            ev_infos.append({
-                "event": ev,
-                "state": events_to_state[e_id],
-                "auth_events": {
-                    (auth_events[a_id].type, auth_events[a_id].state_key):
-                    auth_events[a_id]
-                    for a_id in ev.auth_event_ids()
-                    if a_id in auth_events
+            assert not ev.internal_metadata.is_outlier()
+
+            ev_infos.append(
+                {
+                    "event": ev,
+                    "state": events_to_state[e_id],
+                    "auth_events": {
+                        (
+                            auth_events[a_id].type,
+                            auth_events[a_id].state_key,
+                        ): auth_events[a_id]
+                        for a_id in ev.auth_event_ids()
+                        if a_id in auth_events
+                    },
                 }
-            })
+            )
 
-        yield self._handle_new_events(
-            dest, ev_infos,
-            backfilled=True,
-        )
+        yield self._handle_new_events(dest, ev_infos, backfilled=True)
 
         # Step 2: Persist the rest of the events in the chunk one by one
         events.sort(key=lambda e: e.depth)
@@ -845,14 +825,12 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
 
             # For paranoia we ensure that these events are marked as
             # non-outliers
-            assert(not event.internal_metadata.is_outlier())
+            assert not event.internal_metadata.is_outlier()
 
             # We store these one at a time since each event depends on the
             # previous to work out the state.
             # TODO: We can probably do something more clever here.
-            yield self._handle_new_event(
-                dest, event, backfilled=True,
-            )
+            yield self._handle_new_event(dest, event, backfilled=True)
 
         defer.returnValue(events)
 
@@ -861,9 +839,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
         """Checks the database to see if we should backfill before paginating,
         and if so do.
         """
-        extremities = yield self.store.get_oldest_events_with_depth_in_room(
-            room_id
-        )
+        extremities = yield self.store.get_oldest_events_with_depth_in_room(room_id)
 
         if not extremities:
             logger.debug("Not backfilling as no extremeties found.")
@@ -895,31 +871,27 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
         #   state *before* the event, ignoring the special casing certain event
         #   types have.
 
-        forward_events = yield self.store.get_successor_events(
-            list(extremities),
-        )
+        forward_events = yield self.store.get_successor_events(list(extremities))
 
         extremities_events = yield self.store.get_events(
-            forward_events,
-            check_redacted=False,
-            get_prev_content=False,
+            forward_events, check_redacted=False, get_prev_content=False
         )
 
         # We set `check_history_visibility_only` as we might otherwise get false
         # positives from users having been erased.
         filtered_extremities = yield filter_events_for_server(
-            self.store, self.server_name, list(extremities_events.values()),
-            redact=False, check_history_visibility_only=True,
+            self.store,
+            self.server_name,
+            list(extremities_events.values()),
+            redact=False,
+            check_history_visibility_only=True,
         )
 
         if not filtered_extremities:
             defer.returnValue(False)
 
         # Check if we reached a point where we should start backfilling.
-        sorted_extremeties_tuple = sorted(
-            extremities.items(),
-            key=lambda e: -int(e[1])
-        )
+        sorted_extremeties_tuple = sorted(extremities.items(), key=lambda e: -int(e[1]))
         max_depth = sorted_extremeties_tuple[0][1]
 
         # We don't want to specify too many extremities as it causes the backfill
@@ -928,8 +900,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
 
         if current_depth > max_depth:
             logger.debug(
-                "Not backfilling as we don't need to. %d < %d",
-                max_depth, current_depth,
+                "Not backfilling as we don't need to. %d < %d", max_depth, current_depth
             )
             return
 
@@ -954,8 +925,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
             joined_users = [
                 (state_key, int(event.depth))
                 for (e_type, state_key), event in iteritems(state)
-                if e_type == EventTypes.Member
-                and event.membership == Membership.JOIN
+                if e_type == EventTypes.Member and event.membership == Membership.JOIN
             ]
 
             joined_domains = {}
@@ -975,8 +945,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
         curr_domains = get_domains_from_state(curr_state)
 
         likely_domains = [
-            domain for domain, depth in curr_domains
-            if domain != self.server_name
+            domain for domain, depth in curr_domains if domain != self.server_name
         ]
 
         @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -985,28 +954,20 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
             for dom in domains:
                 try:
                     yield self.backfill(
-                        dom, room_id,
-                        limit=100,
-                        extremities=extremities,
+                        dom, room_id, limit=100, extremities=extremities
                     )
                     # If this succeeded then we probably already have the
                     # appropriate stuff.
                     # TODO: We can probably do something more intelligent here.
                     defer.returnValue(True)
                 except SynapseError as e:
-                    logger.info(
-                        "Failed to backfill from %s because %s",
-                        dom, e,
-                    )
+                    logger.info("Failed to backfill from %s because %s", dom, e)
                     continue
                 except CodeMessageException as e:
                     if 400 <= e.code < 500:
                         raise
 
-                    logger.info(
-                        "Failed to backfill from %s because %s",
-                        dom, e,
-                    )
+                    logger.info("Failed to backfill from %s because %s", dom, e)
                     continue
                 except NotRetryingDestination as e:
                     logger.info(str(e))
@@ -1015,10 +976,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
                     logger.info(e)
                     continue
                 except Exception as e:
-                    logger.exception(
-                        "Failed to backfill from %s because %s",
-                        dom, e,
-                    )
+                    logger.exception("Failed to backfill from %s because %s", dom, e)
                     continue
 
             defer.returnValue(False)
@@ -1039,10 +997,11 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
         resolve = logcontext.preserve_fn(
             self.state_handler.resolve_state_groups_for_events
         )
-        states = yield logcontext.make_deferred_yieldable(defer.gatherResults(
-            [resolve(room_id, [e]) for e in event_ids],
-            consumeErrors=True,
-        ))
+        states = yield logcontext.make_deferred_yieldable(
+            defer.gatherResults(
+                [resolve(room_id, [e]) for e in event_ids], consumeErrors=True
+            )
+        )
 
         # dict[str, dict[tuple, str]], a map from event_id to state map of
         # event_ids.
@@ -1050,23 +1009,23 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
 
         state_map = yield self.store.get_events(
             [e_id for ids in itervalues(states) for e_id in itervalues(ids)],
-            get_prev_content=False
+            get_prev_content=False,
         )
         states = {
             key: {
                 k: state_map[e_id]
                 for k, e_id in iteritems(state_dict)
                 if e_id in state_map
-            } for key, state_dict in iteritems(states)
+            }
+            for key, state_dict in iteritems(states)
         }
 
         for e_id, _ in sorted_extremeties_tuple:
             likely_domains = get_domains_from_state(states[e_id])
 
-            success = yield try_backfill([
-                dom for dom, _ in likely_domains
-                if dom not in tried_domains
-            ])
+            success = yield try_backfill(
+                [dom for dom, _ in likely_domains if dom not in tried_domains]
+            )
             if success:
                 defer.returnValue(True)
 
@@ -1091,20 +1050,20 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
             SynapseError if the event does not pass muster
         """
         if len(ev.prev_event_ids()) > 20:
-            logger.warn("Rejecting event %s which has %i prev_events",
-                        ev.event_id, len(ev.prev_event_ids()))
-            raise SynapseError(
-                http_client.BAD_REQUEST,
-                "Too many prev_events",
+            logger.warn(
+                "Rejecting event %s which has %i prev_events",
+                ev.event_id,
+                len(ev.prev_event_ids()),
             )
+            raise SynapseError(http_client.BAD_REQUEST, "Too many prev_events")
 
         if len(ev.auth_event_ids()) > 10:
-            logger.warn("Rejecting event %s which has %i auth_events",
-                        ev.event_id, len(ev.auth_event_ids()))
-            raise SynapseError(
-                http_client.BAD_REQUEST,
-                "Too many auth_events",
+            logger.warn(
+                "Rejecting event %s which has %i auth_events",
+                ev.event_id,
+                len(ev.auth_event_ids()),
             )
+            raise SynapseError(http_client.BAD_REQUEST, "Too many auth_events")
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def send_invite(self, target_host, event):
@@ -1116,7 +1075,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
             destination=target_host,
             room_id=event.room_id,
             event_id=event.event_id,
-            pdu=event
+            pdu=event,
         )
 
         defer.returnValue(pdu)
@@ -1125,8 +1084,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
     def on_event_auth(self, event_id):
         event = yield self.store.get_event(event_id)
         auth = yield self.store.get_auth_chain(
-            [auth_id for auth_id in event.auth_event_ids()],
-            include_given=True
+            [auth_id for auth_id in event.auth_event_ids()], include_given=True
         )
         defer.returnValue([e for e in auth])
 
@@ -1152,15 +1110,13 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
             joinee,
             "join",
             content,
-            params={
-                "ver": KNOWN_ROOM_VERSIONS,
-            },
+            params={"ver": KNOWN_ROOM_VERSIONS},
         )
 
         # This shouldn't happen, because the RoomMemberHandler has a
         # linearizer lock which only allows one operation per user per room
         # at a time - so this is just paranoia.
-        assert (room_id not in self.room_queues)
+        assert room_id not in self.room_queues
 
         self.room_queues[room_id] = []
 
@@ -1177,7 +1133,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
             except ValueError:
                 pass
             ret = yield self.federation_client.send_join(
-                target_hosts, event, event_format_version,
+                target_hosts, event, event_format_version
             )
 
             origin = ret["origin"]
@@ -1196,17 +1152,13 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
 
             try:
                 yield self.store.store_room(
-                    room_id=room_id,
-                    room_creator_user_id="",
-                    is_public=False
+                    room_id=room_id, room_creator_user_id="", is_public=False
                 )
             except Exception:
                 # FIXME
                 pass
 
-            yield self._persist_auth_tree(
-                origin, auth_chain, state, event
-            )
+            yield self._persist_auth_tree(origin, auth_chain, state, event)
 
             logger.debug("Finished joining %s to %s", joinee, room_id)
         finally:
@@ -1233,14 +1185,18 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
         """
         for p, origin in room_queue:
             try:
-                logger.info("Processing queued PDU %s which was received "
-                            "while we were joining %s", p.event_id, p.room_id)
+                logger.info(
+                    "Processing queued PDU %s which was received "
+                    "while we were joining %s",
+                    p.event_id,
+                    p.room_id,
+                )
                 with logcontext.nested_logging_context(p.event_id):
                     yield self.on_receive_pdu(origin, p, sent_to_us_directly=True)
             except Exception as e:
                 logger.warn(
-                    "Error handling queued PDU %s from %s: %s",
-                    p.event_id, origin, e)
+                    "Error handling queued PDU %s from %s: %s", p.event_id, origin, e
+                )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     @log_function
@@ -1261,30 +1217,30 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
                 "room_id": room_id,
                 "sender": user_id,
                 "state_key": user_id,
-            }
+            },
         )
 
         try:
             event, context = yield self.event_creation_handler.create_new_client_event(
-                builder=builder,
+                builder=builder
             )
         except AuthError as e:
             logger.warn("Failed to create join %r because %s", event, e)
             raise e
 
         event_allowed = yield self.third_party_event_rules.check_event_allowed(
-            event, context,
+            event, context
         )
         if not event_allowed:
             logger.info("Creation of join %s forbidden by third-party rules", event)
             raise SynapseError(
-                403, "This event is not allowed in this context", Codes.FORBIDDEN,
+                403, "This event is not allowed in this context", Codes.FORBIDDEN
             )
 
         # The remote hasn't signed it yet, obviously. We'll do the full checks
         # when we get the event back in `on_send_join_request`
         yield self.auth.check_from_context(
-            room_version, event, context, do_sig_check=False,
+            room_version, event, context, do_sig_check=False
         )
 
         defer.returnValue(event)
@@ -1319,17 +1275,15 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
         # would introduce the danger of backwards-compatibility problems.
         event.internal_metadata.send_on_behalf_of = origin
 
-        context = yield self._handle_new_event(
-            origin, event
-        )
+        context = yield self._handle_new_event(origin, event)
 
         event_allowed = yield self.third_party_event_rules.check_event_allowed(
-            event, context,
+            event, context
         )
         if not event_allowed:
             logger.info("Sending of join %s forbidden by third-party rules", event)
             raise SynapseError(
-                403, "This event is not allowed in this context", Codes.FORBIDDEN,
+                403, "This event is not allowed in this context", Codes.FORBIDDEN
             )
 
         logger.debug(
@@ -1350,10 +1304,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
 
         state = yield self.store.get_events(list(prev_state_ids.values()))
 
-        defer.returnValue({
-            "state": list(state.values()),
-            "auth_chain": auth_chain,
-        })
+        defer.returnValue({"state": list(state.values()), "auth_chain": auth_chain})
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_invite_request(self, origin, pdu):
@@ -1376,8 +1327,11 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
         is_published = yield self.store.is_room_published(event.room_id)
 
         if not self.spam_checker.user_may_invite(
-            event.sender, event.state_key, None,
-            room_id=event.room_id, new_room=False,
+            event.sender,
+            event.state_key,
+            None,
+            room_id=event.room_id,
+            new_room=False,
             published_room=is_published,
         ):
             raise SynapseError(
@@ -1390,26 +1344,23 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
 
         sender_domain = get_domain_from_id(event.sender)
         if sender_domain != origin:
-            raise SynapseError(400, "The invite event was not from the server sending it")
+            raise SynapseError(
+                400, "The invite event was not from the server sending it"
+            )
 
         if not self.is_mine_id(event.state_key):
             raise SynapseError(400, "The invite event must be for this server")
 
         # block any attempts to invite the server notices mxid
         if event.state_key == self._server_notices_mxid:
-            raise SynapseError(
-                http_client.FORBIDDEN,
-                "Cannot invite this user",
-            )
+            raise SynapseError(http_client.FORBIDDEN, "Cannot invite this user")
 
         event.internal_metadata.outlier = True
         event.internal_metadata.out_of_band_membership = True
 
         event.signatures.update(
             compute_event_signature(
-                event.get_pdu_json(),
-                self.hs.hostname,
-                self.hs.config.signing_key[0]
+                event.get_pdu_json(), self.hs.hostname, self.hs.config.signing_key[0]
             )
         )
 
@@ -1421,10 +1372,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def do_remotely_reject_invite(self, target_hosts, room_id, user_id):
         origin, event, event_format_version = yield self._make_and_verify_event(
-            target_hosts,
-            room_id,
-            user_id,
-            "leave"
+            target_hosts, room_id, user_id, "leave"
         )
         # Mark as outlier as we don't have any state for this event; we're not
         # even in the room.
@@ -1439,10 +1387,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
         except ValueError:
             pass
 
-        yield self.federation_client.send_leave(
-            target_hosts,
-            event
-        )
+        yield self.federation_client.send_leave(target_hosts, event)
 
         context = yield self.state_handler.compute_event_context(event)
         yield self.persist_events_and_notify([(event, context)])
@@ -1450,25 +1395,21 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
         defer.returnValue(event)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _make_and_verify_event(self, target_hosts, room_id, user_id, membership,
-                               content={}, params=None):
+    def _make_and_verify_event(
+        self, target_hosts, room_id, user_id, membership, content={}, params=None
+    ):
         origin, event, format_ver = yield self.federation_client.make_membership_event(
-            target_hosts,
-            room_id,
-            user_id,
-            membership,
-            content,
-            params=params,
+            target_hosts, room_id, user_id, membership, content, params=params
         )
 
         logger.debug("Got response to make_%s: %s", membership, event)
 
         # We should assert some things.
         # FIXME: Do this in a nicer way
-        assert(event.type == EventTypes.Member)
-        assert(event.user_id == user_id)
-        assert(event.state_key == user_id)
-        assert(event.room_id == room_id)
+        assert event.type == EventTypes.Member
+        assert event.user_id == user_id
+        assert event.state_key == user_id
+        assert event.room_id == room_id
         defer.returnValue((origin, event, format_ver))
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -1487,27 +1428,27 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
                 "room_id": room_id,
                 "sender": user_id,
                 "state_key": user_id,
-            }
+            },
         )
 
         event, context = yield self.event_creation_handler.create_new_client_event(
-            builder=builder,
+            builder=builder
         )
 
         event_allowed = yield self.third_party_event_rules.check_event_allowed(
-            event, context,
+            event, context
         )
         if not event_allowed:
             logger.warning("Creation of leave %s forbidden by third-party rules", event)
             raise SynapseError(
-                403, "This event is not allowed in this context", Codes.FORBIDDEN,
+                403, "This event is not allowed in this context", Codes.FORBIDDEN
             )
 
         try:
             # The remote hasn't signed it yet, obviously. We'll do the full checks
             # when we get the event back in `on_send_leave_request`
             yield self.auth.check_from_context(
-                room_version, event, context, do_sig_check=False,
+                room_version, event, context, do_sig_check=False
             )
         except AuthError as e:
             logger.warn("Failed to create new leave %r because %s", event, e)
@@ -1529,17 +1470,15 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
 
         event.internal_metadata.outlier = False
 
-        context = yield self._handle_new_event(
-            origin, event
-        )
+        context = yield self._handle_new_event(origin, event)
 
         event_allowed = yield self.third_party_event_rules.check_event_allowed(
-            event, context,
+            event, context
         )
         if not event_allowed:
             logger.info("Sending of leave %s forbidden by third-party rules", event)
             raise SynapseError(
-                403, "This event is not allowed in this context", Codes.FORBIDDEN,
+                403, "This event is not allowed in this context", Codes.FORBIDDEN
             )
 
         logger.debug(
@@ -1556,18 +1495,14 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
         """
 
         event = yield self.store.get_event(
-            event_id, allow_none=False, check_room_id=room_id,
+            event_id, allow_none=False, check_room_id=room_id
         )
 
-        state_groups = yield self.store.get_state_groups(
-            room_id, [event_id]
-        )
+        state_groups = yield self.store.get_state_groups(room_id, [event_id])
 
         if state_groups:
             _, state = list(iteritems(state_groups)).pop()
-            results = {
-                (e.type, e.state_key): e for e in state
-            }
+            results = {(e.type, e.state_key): e for e in state}
 
             if event.is_state():
                 # Get previous state
@@ -1589,12 +1524,10 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
         """Returns the state at the event. i.e. not including said event.
         """
         event = yield self.store.get_event(
-            event_id, allow_none=False, check_room_id=room_id,
+            event_id, allow_none=False, check_room_id=room_id
         )
 
-        state_groups = yield self.store.get_state_groups_ids(
-            room_id, [event_id]
-        )
+        state_groups = yield self.store.get_state_groups_ids(room_id, [event_id])
 
         if state_groups:
             _, state = list(state_groups.items()).pop()
@@ -1620,11 +1553,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
         if not in_room:
             raise AuthError(403, "Host not in room.")
 
-        events = yield self.store.get_backfill_events(
-            room_id,
-            pdu_list,
-            limit
-        )
+        events = yield self.store.get_backfill_events(room_id, pdu_list, limit)
 
         events = yield filter_events_for_server(self.store, origin, events)
 
@@ -1648,22 +1577,15 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
             AuthError if the server is not currently in the room
         """
         event = yield self.store.get_event(
-            event_id,
-            allow_none=True,
-            allow_rejected=True,
+            event_id, allow_none=True, allow_rejected=True
         )
 
         if event:
-            in_room = yield self.auth.check_host_in_room(
-                event.room_id,
-                origin
-            )
+            in_room = yield self.auth.check_host_in_room(event.room_id, origin)
             if not in_room:
                 raise AuthError(403, "Host not in room.")
 
-            events = yield filter_events_for_server(
-                self.store, origin, [event],
-            )
+            events = yield filter_events_for_server(self.store, origin, [event])
             event = events[0]
             defer.returnValue(event)
         else:
@@ -1673,13 +1595,11 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
         return self.store.get_min_depth(context)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _handle_new_event(self, origin, event, state=None, auth_events=None,
-                          backfilled=False):
+    def _handle_new_event(
+        self, origin, event, state=None, auth_events=None, backfilled=False
+    ):
         context = yield self._prep_event(
-            origin, event,
-            state=state,
-            auth_events=auth_events,
-            backfilled=backfilled,
+            origin, event, state=state, auth_events=auth_events, backfilled=backfilled
         )
 
         # reraise does not allow inlineCallbacks to preserve the stacktrace, so we
@@ -1692,15 +1612,13 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
                 )
 
             yield self.persist_events_and_notify(
-                [(event, context)],
-                backfilled=backfilled,
+                [(event, context)], backfilled=backfilled
             )
             success = True
         finally:
             if not success:
                 logcontext.run_in_background(
-                    self.store.remove_push_actions_from_staging,
-                    event.event_id,
+                    self.store.remove_push_actions_from_staging, event.event_id
                 )
 
         defer.returnValue(context)
@@ -1728,12 +1646,15 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
                 )
             defer.returnValue(res)
 
-        contexts = yield logcontext.make_deferred_yieldable(defer.gatherResults(
-            [
-                logcontext.run_in_background(prep, ev_info)
-                for ev_info in event_infos
-            ], consumeErrors=True,
-        ))
+        contexts = yield logcontext.make_deferred_yieldable(
+            defer.gatherResults(
+                [
+                    logcontext.run_in_background(prep, ev_info)
+                    for ev_info in event_infos
+                ],
+                consumeErrors=True,
+            )
+        )
 
         yield self.persist_events_and_notify(
             [
@@ -1768,8 +1689,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
             events_to_context[e.event_id] = ctx
 
         event_map = {
-            e.event_id: e
-            for e in itertools.chain(auth_events, state, [event])
+            e.event_id: e for e in itertools.chain(auth_events, state, [event])
         }
 
         create_event = None
@@ -1784,7 +1704,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
             raise SynapseError(400, "No create event in state")
 
         room_version = create_event.content.get(
-            "room_version", RoomVersions.V1.identifier,
+            "room_version", RoomVersions.V1.identifier
         )
 
         missing_auth_events = set()
@@ -1795,11 +1715,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
 
         for e_id in missing_auth_events:
             m_ev = yield self.federation_client.get_pdu(
-                [origin],
-                e_id,
-                room_version=room_version,
-                outlier=True,
-                timeout=10000,
+                [origin], e_id, room_version=room_version, outlier=True, timeout=10000
             )
             if m_ev and m_ev.event_id == e_id:
                 event_map[e_id] = m_ev
@@ -1824,10 +1740,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
                 # cause SynapseErrors in auth.check. We don't want to give up
                 # the attempt to federate altogether in such cases.
 
-                logger.warn(
-                    "Rejecting %s because %s",
-                    e.event_id, err.msg
-                )
+                logger.warn("Rejecting %s because %s", e.event_id, err.msg)
 
                 if e == event:
                     raise
@@ -1837,16 +1750,14 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
             [
                 (e, events_to_context[e.event_id])
                 for e in itertools.chain(auth_events, state)
-            ],
+            ]
         )
 
         new_event_context = yield self.state_handler.compute_event_context(
             event, old_state=state
         )
 
-        yield self.persist_events_and_notify(
-            [(event, new_event_context)],
-        )
+        yield self.persist_events_and_notify([(event, new_event_context)])
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _prep_event(self, origin, event, state, auth_events, backfilled):
@@ -1862,40 +1773,30 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
         Returns:
             Deferred, which resolves to synapse.events.snapshot.EventContext
         """
-        context = yield self.state_handler.compute_event_context(
-            event, old_state=state,
-        )
+        context = yield self.state_handler.compute_event_context(event, old_state=state)
 
         if not auth_events:
             prev_state_ids = yield context.get_prev_state_ids(self.store)
             auth_events_ids = yield self.auth.compute_auth_events(
-                event, prev_state_ids, for_verification=True,
+                event, prev_state_ids, for_verification=True
             )
             auth_events = yield self.store.get_events(auth_events_ids)
-            auth_events = {
-                (e.type, e.state_key): e for e in auth_events.values()
-            }
+            auth_events = {(e.type, e.state_key): e for e in auth_events.values()}
 
         # This is a hack to fix some old rooms where the initial join event
         # didn't reference the create event in its auth events.
         if event.type == EventTypes.Member and not event.auth_event_ids():
             if len(event.prev_event_ids()) == 1 and event.depth < 5:
                 c = yield self.store.get_event(
-                    event.prev_event_ids()[0],
-                    allow_none=True,
+                    event.prev_event_ids()[0], allow_none=True
                 )
                 if c and c.type == EventTypes.Create:
                     auth_events[(c.type, c.state_key)] = c
 
         try:
-            yield self.do_auth(
-                origin, event, context, auth_events=auth_events
-            )
+            yield self.do_auth(origin, event, context, auth_events=auth_events)
         except AuthError as e:
-            logger.warn(
-                "[%s %s] Rejecting: %s",
-                event.room_id, event.event_id, e.msg
-            )
+            logger.warn("[%s %s] Rejecting: %s", event.room_id, event.event_id, e.msg)
 
             context.rejected = RejectedReason.AUTH_ERROR
 
@@ -1926,9 +1827,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
         # "soft-fail" the event.
         do_soft_fail_check = not backfilled and not event.internal_metadata.is_outlier()
         if do_soft_fail_check:
-            extrem_ids = yield self.store.get_latest_event_ids_in_room(
-                event.room_id,
-            )
+            extrem_ids = yield self.store.get_latest_event_ids_in_room(event.room_id)
 
             extrem_ids = set(extrem_ids)
             prev_event_ids = set(event.prev_event_ids())
@@ -1956,31 +1855,31 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
                 # like bans, especially with state res v2.
 
                 state_sets = yield self.store.get_state_groups(
-                    event.room_id, extrem_ids,
+                    event.room_id, extrem_ids
                 )
                 state_sets = list(state_sets.values())
                 state_sets.append(state)
                 current_state_ids = yield self.state_handler.resolve_events(
-                    room_version, state_sets, event,
+                    room_version, state_sets, event
                 )
                 current_state_ids = {
                     k: e.event_id for k, e in iteritems(current_state_ids)
                 }
             else:
                 current_state_ids = yield self.state_handler.get_current_state_ids(
-                    event.room_id, latest_event_ids=extrem_ids,
+                    event.room_id, latest_event_ids=extrem_ids
                 )
 
             logger.debug(
                 "Doing soft-fail check for %s: state %s",
-                event.event_id, current_state_ids,
+                event.event_id,
+                current_state_ids,
             )
 
             # Now check if event pass auth against said current state
             auth_types = auth_types_for_event(event)
             current_state_ids = [
-                e for k, e in iteritems(current_state_ids)
-                if k in auth_types
+                e for k, e in iteritems(current_state_ids) if k in auth_types
             ]
 
             current_auth_events = yield self.store.get_events(current_state_ids)
@@ -1991,19 +1890,14 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
             try:
                 self.auth.check(room_version, event, auth_events=current_auth_events)
             except AuthError as e:
-                logger.warn(
-                    "Soft-failing %r because %s",
-                    event, e,
-                )
+                logger.warn("Soft-failing %r because %s", event, e)
                 event.internal_metadata.soft_failed = True
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def on_query_auth(self, origin, event_id, room_id, remote_auth_chain, rejects,
-                      missing):
-        in_room = yield self.auth.check_host_in_room(
-            room_id,
-            origin
-        )
+    def on_query_auth(
+        self, origin, event_id, room_id, remote_auth_chain, rejects, missing
+    ):
+        in_room = yield self.auth.check_host_in_room(room_id, origin)
         if not in_room:
             raise AuthError(403, "Host not in room.")
 
@@ -2021,28 +1915,23 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
 
         # Now get the current auth_chain for the event.
         local_auth_chain = yield self.store.get_auth_chain(
-            [auth_id for auth_id in event.auth_event_ids()],
-            include_given=True
+            [auth_id for auth_id in event.auth_event_ids()], include_given=True
         )
 
         # TODO: Check if we would now reject event_id. If so we need to tell
         # everyone.
 
-        ret = yield self.construct_auth_difference(
-            local_auth_chain, remote_auth_chain
-        )
+        ret = yield self.construct_auth_difference(local_auth_chain, remote_auth_chain)
 
         logger.debug("on_query_auth returning: %s", ret)
 
         defer.returnValue(ret)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def on_get_missing_events(self, origin, room_id, earliest_events,
-                              latest_events, limit):
-        in_room = yield self.auth.check_host_in_room(
-            room_id,
-            origin
-        )
+    def on_get_missing_events(
+        self, origin, room_id, earliest_events, latest_events, limit
+    ):
+        in_room = yield self.auth.check_host_in_room(room_id, origin)
         if not in_room:
             raise AuthError(403, "Host not in room.")
 
@@ -2056,7 +1945,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
         )
 
         missing_events = yield filter_events_for_server(
-            self.store, origin, missing_events,
+            self.store, origin, missing_events
         )
 
         defer.returnValue(missing_events)
@@ -2144,25 +2033,17 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
 
         if missing_auth:
             # TODO: can we use store.have_seen_events here instead?
-            have_events = yield self.store.get_seen_events_with_rejections(
-                missing_auth
-            )
+            have_events = yield self.store.get_seen_events_with_rejections(missing_auth)
             logger.debug("Got events %s from store", have_events)
             missing_auth.difference_update(have_events.keys())
         else:
             have_events = {}
 
-        have_events.update({
-            e.event_id: ""
-            for e in auth_events.values()
-        })
+        have_events.update({e.event_id: "" for e in auth_events.values()})
 
         if missing_auth:
             # If we don't have all the auth events, we need to get them.
-            logger.info(
-                "auth_events contains unknown events: %s",
-                missing_auth,
-            )
+            logger.info("auth_events contains unknown events: %s", missing_auth)
             try:
                 try:
                     remote_auth_chain = yield self.federation_client.get_event_auth(
@@ -2188,18 +2069,16 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
                     try:
                         auth_ids = e.auth_event_ids()
                         auth = {
-                            (e.type, e.state_key): e for e in remote_auth_chain
+                            (e.type, e.state_key): e
+                            for e in remote_auth_chain
                             if e.event_id in auth_ids or e.type == EventTypes.Create
                         }
                         e.internal_metadata.outlier = True
 
                         logger.debug(
-                            "do_auth %s missing_auth: %s",
-                            event.event_id, e.event_id
-                        )
-                        yield self._handle_new_event(
-                            origin, e, auth_events=auth
+                            "do_auth %s missing_auth: %s", event.event_id, e.event_id
                         )
+                        yield self._handle_new_event(origin, e, auth_events=auth)
 
                         if e.event_id in event_auth_events:
                             auth_events[(e.type, e.state_key)] = e
@@ -2235,35 +2114,36 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
         room_version = yield self.store.get_room_version(event.room_id)
 
         different_events = yield logcontext.make_deferred_yieldable(
-            defer.gatherResults([
-                logcontext.run_in_background(
-                    self.store.get_event,
-                    d,
-                    allow_none=True,
-                    allow_rejected=False,
-                )
-                for d in different_auth
-                if d in have_events and not have_events[d]
-            ], consumeErrors=True)
+            defer.gatherResults(
+                [
+                    logcontext.run_in_background(
+                        self.store.get_event, d, allow_none=True, allow_rejected=False
+                    )
+                    for d in different_auth
+                    if d in have_events and not have_events[d]
+                ],
+                consumeErrors=True,
+            )
         ).addErrback(unwrapFirstError)
 
         if different_events:
             local_view = dict(auth_events)
             remote_view = dict(auth_events)
-            remote_view.update({
-                (d.type, d.state_key): d for d in different_events if d
-            })
+            remote_view.update(
+                {(d.type, d.state_key): d for d in different_events if d}
+            )
 
             new_state = yield self.state_handler.resolve_events(
                 room_version,
                 [list(local_view.values()), list(remote_view.values())],
-                event
+                event,
             )
 
             logger.info(
                 "After state res: updating auth_events with new state %s",
                 {
-                    (d.type, d.state_key): d.event_id for d in new_state.values()
+                    (d.type, d.state_key): d.event_id
+                    for d in new_state.values()
                     if auth_events.get((d.type, d.state_key)) != d
                 },
             )
@@ -2275,7 +2155,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
             )
 
             yield self._update_context_for_auth_events(
-                event, context, auth_events, event_key,
+                event, context, auth_events, event_key
             )
 
         if not different_auth:
@@ -2309,21 +2189,14 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
         prev_state_ids = yield context.get_prev_state_ids(self.store)
 
         # 1. Get what we think is the auth chain.
-        auth_ids = yield self.auth.compute_auth_events(
-            event, prev_state_ids
-        )
-        local_auth_chain = yield self.store.get_auth_chain(
-            auth_ids, include_given=True
-        )
+        auth_ids = yield self.auth.compute_auth_events(event, prev_state_ids)
+        local_auth_chain = yield self.store.get_auth_chain(auth_ids, include_given=True)
 
         try:
             # 2. Get remote difference.
             try:
                 result = yield self.federation_client.query_auth(
-                    origin,
-                    event.room_id,
-                    event.event_id,
-                    local_auth_chain,
+                    origin, event.room_id, event.event_id, local_auth_chain
                 )
             except RequestSendFailed as e:
                 # The other side isn't around or doesn't implement the
@@ -2348,19 +2221,15 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
                     auth = {
                         (e.type, e.state_key): e
                         for e in result["auth_chain"]
-                        if e.event_id in auth_ids
-                        or event.type == EventTypes.Create
+                        if e.event_id in auth_ids or event.type == EventTypes.Create
                     }
                     ev.internal_metadata.outlier = True
 
                     logger.debug(
-                        "do_auth %s different_auth: %s",
-                        event.event_id, e.event_id
+                        "do_auth %s different_auth: %s", event.event_id, e.event_id
                     )
 
-                    yield self._handle_new_event(
-                        origin, ev, auth_events=auth
-                    )
+                    yield self._handle_new_event(origin, ev, auth_events=auth)
 
                     if ev.event_id in event_auth_events:
                         auth_events[(ev.type, ev.state_key)] = ev
@@ -2375,12 +2244,11 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
         # TODO.
 
         yield self._update_context_for_auth_events(
-            event, context, auth_events, event_key,
+            event, context, auth_events, event_key
         )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _update_context_for_auth_events(self, event, context, auth_events,
-                                        event_key):
+    def _update_context_for_auth_events(self, event, context, auth_events, event_key):
         """Update the state_ids in an event context after auth event resolution,
         storing the changes as a new state group.
 
@@ -2397,8 +2265,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
                 this will not be included in the current_state in the context.
         """
         state_updates = {
-            k: a.event_id for k, a in iteritems(auth_events)
-            if k != event_key
+            k: a.event_id for k, a in iteritems(auth_events) if k != event_key
         }
         current_state_ids = yield context.get_current_state_ids(self.store)
         current_state_ids = dict(current_state_ids)
@@ -2408,9 +2275,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
         prev_state_ids = yield context.get_prev_state_ids(self.store)
         prev_state_ids = dict(prev_state_ids)
 
-        prev_state_ids.update({
-            k: a.event_id for k, a in iteritems(auth_events)
-        })
+        prev_state_ids.update({k: a.event_id for k, a in iteritems(auth_events)})
 
         # create a new state group as a delta from the existing one.
         prev_group = context.state_group
@@ -2559,30 +2424,23 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
 
         logger.debug("construct_auth_difference returning")
 
-        defer.returnValue({
-            "auth_chain": local_auth,
-            "rejects": {
-                e.event_id: {
-                    "reason": reason_map[e.event_id],
-                    "proof": None,
-                }
-                for e in base_remote_rejected
-            },
-            "missing": [e.event_id for e in missing_locals],
-        })
+        defer.returnValue(
+            {
+                "auth_chain": local_auth,
+                "rejects": {
+                    e.event_id: {"reason": reason_map[e.event_id], "proof": None}
+                    for e in base_remote_rejected
+                },
+                "missing": [e.event_id for e in missing_locals],
+            }
+        )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     @log_function
     def exchange_third_party_invite(
-            self,
-            sender_user_id,
-            target_user_id,
-            room_id,
-            signed,
+        self, sender_user_id, target_user_id, room_id, signed
     ):
-        third_party_invite = {
-            "signed": signed,
-        }
+        third_party_invite = {"signed": signed}
 
         event_dict = {
             "type": EventTypes.Member,
@@ -2605,7 +2463,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
             )
 
             event_allowed = yield self.third_party_event_rules.check_event_allowed(
-                event, context,
+                event, context
             )
             if not event_allowed:
                 logger.info(
@@ -2613,7 +2471,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
                     event,
                 )
                 raise SynapseError(
-                    403, "This event is not allowed in this context", Codes.FORBIDDEN,
+                    403, "This event is not allowed in this context", Codes.FORBIDDEN
                 )
 
             event, context = yield self.add_display_name_to_third_party_invite(
@@ -2638,9 +2496,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
         else:
             destinations = set(x.split(":", 1)[-1] for x in (sender_user_id, room_id))
             yield self.federation_client.forward_third_party_invite(
-                destinations,
-                room_id,
-                event_dict,
+                destinations, room_id, event_dict
             )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -2661,19 +2517,18 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
         builder = self.event_builder_factory.new(room_version, event_dict)
 
         event, context = yield self.event_creation_handler.create_new_client_event(
-            builder=builder,
+            builder=builder
         )
 
         event_allowed = yield self.third_party_event_rules.check_event_allowed(
-            event, context,
+            event, context
         )
         if not event_allowed:
             logger.warning(
-                "Exchange of threepid invite %s forbidden by third-party rules",
-                event,
+                "Exchange of threepid invite %s forbidden by third-party rules", event
             )
             raise SynapseError(
-                403, "This event is not allowed in this context", Codes.FORBIDDEN,
+                403, "This event is not allowed in this context", Codes.FORBIDDEN
             )
 
         event, context = yield self.add_display_name_to_third_party_invite(
@@ -2695,11 +2550,12 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
         yield member_handler.send_membership_event(None, event, context)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def add_display_name_to_third_party_invite(self, room_version, event_dict,
-                                               event, context):
+    def add_display_name_to_third_party_invite(
+        self, room_version, event_dict, event, context
+    ):
         key = (
             EventTypes.ThirdPartyInvite,
-            event.content["third_party_invite"]["signed"]["token"]
+            event.content["third_party_invite"]["signed"]["token"],
         )
         original_invite = None
         prev_state_ids = yield context.get_prev_state_ids(self.store)
@@ -2718,8 +2574,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
             event_dict["content"]["third_party_invite"]["display_name"] = display_name
         else:
             logger.info(
-                "Could not find invite event for third_party_invite: %r",
-                event_dict
+                "Could not find invite event for third_party_invite: %r", event_dict
             )
             # We don't discard here as this is not the appropriate place to do
             # auth checks. If we need the invite and don't have it then the
@@ -2728,7 +2583,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
         builder = self.event_builder_factory.new(room_version, event_dict)
         EventValidator().validate_builder(builder)
         event, context = yield self.event_creation_handler.create_new_client_event(
-            builder=builder,
+            builder=builder
         )
         EventValidator().validate_new(event, self.config)
         defer.returnValue((event, context))
@@ -2752,9 +2607,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
         token = signed["token"]
 
         prev_state_ids = yield context.get_prev_state_ids(self.store)
-        invite_event_id = prev_state_ids.get(
-            (EventTypes.ThirdPartyInvite, token,)
-        )
+        invite_event_id = prev_state_ids.get((EventTypes.ThirdPartyInvite, token))
 
         invite_event = None
         if invite_event_id:
@@ -2778,38 +2631,42 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
                         logger.debug(
                             "Attempting to verify sig with key %s from %r "
                             "against pubkey %r",
-                            key_name, server, public_key_object,
+                            key_name,
+                            server,
+                            public_key_object,
                         )
 
                         try:
                             public_key = public_key_object["public_key"]
                             verify_key = decode_verify_key_bytes(
-                                key_name,
-                                decode_base64(public_key)
+                                key_name, decode_base64(public_key)
                             )
                             verify_signed_json(signed, server, verify_key)
                             logger.debug(
                                 "Successfully verified sig with key %s from %r "
                                 "against pubkey %r",
-                                key_name, server, public_key_object,
+                                key_name,
+                                server,
+                                public_key_object,
                             )
                         except Exception:
                             logger.info(
                                 "Failed to verify sig with key %s from %r "
                                 "against pubkey %r",
-                                key_name, server, public_key_object,
+                                key_name,
+                                server,
+                                public_key_object,
                             )
                             raise
                         try:
                             if "key_validity_url" in public_key_object:
                                 yield self._check_key_revocation(
-                                    public_key,
-                                    public_key_object["key_validity_url"]
+                                    public_key, public_key_object["key_validity_url"]
                                 )
                         except Exception:
                             logger.info(
                                 "Failed to query key_validity_url %s",
-                                public_key_object["key_validity_url"]
+                                public_key_object["key_validity_url"],
                             )
                             raise
                         return
@@ -2832,15 +2689,9 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
                 for revocation.
         """
         try:
-            response = yield self.http_client.get_json(
-                url,
-                {"public_key": public_key}
-            )
+            response = yield self.http_client.get_json(url, {"public_key": public_key})
         except Exception:
-            raise SynapseError(
-                502,
-                "Third party certificate could not be checked"
-            )
+            raise SynapseError(502, "Third party certificate could not be checked")
         if "valid" not in response or not response["valid"]:
             raise AuthError(403, "Third party certificate was invalid")
 
@@ -2861,12 +2712,11 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
             yield self._send_events_to_master(
                 store=self.store,
                 event_and_contexts=event_and_contexts,
-                backfilled=backfilled
+                backfilled=backfilled,
             )
         else:
             max_stream_id = yield self.store.persist_events(
-                event_and_contexts,
-                backfilled=backfilled,
+                event_and_contexts, backfilled=backfilled
             )
 
             if not backfilled:  # Never notify for backfilled events
@@ -2900,13 +2750,10 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
 
         event_stream_id = event.internal_metadata.stream_ordering
         self.notifier.on_new_room_event(
-            event, event_stream_id, max_stream_id,
-            extra_users=extra_users
+            event, event_stream_id, max_stream_id, extra_users=extra_users
         )
 
-        return self.pusher_pool.on_new_notifications(
-            event_stream_id, max_stream_id,
-        )
+        return self.pusher_pool.on_new_notifications(event_stream_id, max_stream_id)
 
     def _clean_room_for_join(self, room_id):
         """Called to clean up any data in DB for a given room, ready for the
@@ -2925,9 +2772,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
         """
         if self.config.worker_app:
             return self._notify_user_membership_change(
-                room_id=room_id,
-                user_id=user.to_string(),
-                change="joined",
+                room_id=room_id, user_id=user.to_string(), change="joined"
             )
         else:
             return user_joined_room(self.distributor, user, room_id)
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/groups_local.py b/synapse/handlers/groups_local.py
index f60ace02e8..7da63bb643 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/groups_local.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/groups_local.py
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ def _create_rerouter(func_name):
     """Returns a function that looks at the group id and calls the function
     on federation or the local group server if the group is local
     """
+
     def f(self, group_id, *args, **kwargs):
         if self.is_mine_id(group_id):
             return getattr(self.groups_server_handler, func_name)(
@@ -58,6 +59,7 @@ def _create_rerouter(func_name):
             d.addErrback(http_response_errback)
             d.addErrback(request_failed_errback)
             return d
+
     return f
 
 
@@ -125,7 +127,7 @@ class GroupsLocalHandler(object):
             )
         else:
             res = yield self.transport_client.get_group_summary(
-                get_domain_from_id(group_id), group_id, requester_user_id,
+                get_domain_from_id(group_id), group_id, requester_user_id
             )
 
             group_server_name = get_domain_from_id(group_id)
@@ -182,7 +184,7 @@ class GroupsLocalHandler(object):
             content["user_profile"] = yield self.profile_handler.get_profile(user_id)
 
             res = yield self.transport_client.create_group(
-                get_domain_from_id(group_id), group_id, user_id, content,
+                get_domain_from_id(group_id), group_id, user_id, content
             )
 
             remote_attestation = res["attestation"]
@@ -195,16 +197,15 @@ class GroupsLocalHandler(object):
 
         is_publicised = content.get("publicise", False)
         token = yield self.store.register_user_group_membership(
-            group_id, user_id,
+            group_id,
+            user_id,
             membership="join",
             is_admin=True,
             local_attestation=local_attestation,
             remote_attestation=remote_attestation,
             is_publicised=is_publicised,
         )
-        self.notifier.on_new_event(
-            "groups_key", token, users=[user_id],
-        )
+        self.notifier.on_new_event("groups_key", token, users=[user_id])
 
         defer.returnValue(res)
 
@@ -221,7 +222,7 @@ class GroupsLocalHandler(object):
         group_server_name = get_domain_from_id(group_id)
 
         res = yield self.transport_client.get_users_in_group(
-            get_domain_from_id(group_id), group_id, requester_user_id,
+            get_domain_from_id(group_id), group_id, requester_user_id
         )
 
         chunk = res["chunk"]
@@ -250,9 +251,7 @@ class GroupsLocalHandler(object):
         """Request to join a group
         """
         if self.is_mine_id(group_id):
-            yield self.groups_server_handler.join_group(
-                group_id, user_id, content
-            )
+            yield self.groups_server_handler.join_group(group_id, user_id, content)
             local_attestation = None
             remote_attestation = None
         else:
@@ -260,7 +259,7 @@ class GroupsLocalHandler(object):
             content["attestation"] = local_attestation
 
             res = yield self.transport_client.join_group(
-                get_domain_from_id(group_id), group_id, user_id, content,
+                get_domain_from_id(group_id), group_id, user_id, content
             )
 
             remote_attestation = res["attestation"]
@@ -276,16 +275,15 @@ class GroupsLocalHandler(object):
         is_publicised = content.get("publicise", False)
 
         token = yield self.store.register_user_group_membership(
-            group_id, user_id,
+            group_id,
+            user_id,
             membership="join",
             is_admin=False,
             local_attestation=local_attestation,
             remote_attestation=remote_attestation,
             is_publicised=is_publicised,
         )
-        self.notifier.on_new_event(
-            "groups_key", token, users=[user_id],
-        )
+        self.notifier.on_new_event("groups_key", token, users=[user_id])
 
         defer.returnValue({})
 
@@ -294,9 +292,7 @@ class GroupsLocalHandler(object):
         """Accept an invite to a group
         """
         if self.is_mine_id(group_id):
-            yield self.groups_server_handler.accept_invite(
-                group_id, user_id, content
-            )
+            yield self.groups_server_handler.accept_invite(group_id, user_id, content)
             local_attestation = None
             remote_attestation = None
         else:
@@ -304,7 +300,7 @@ class GroupsLocalHandler(object):
             content["attestation"] = local_attestation
 
             res = yield self.transport_client.accept_group_invite(
-                get_domain_from_id(group_id), group_id, user_id, content,
+                get_domain_from_id(group_id), group_id, user_id, content
             )
 
             remote_attestation = res["attestation"]
@@ -320,16 +316,15 @@ class GroupsLocalHandler(object):
         is_publicised = content.get("publicise", False)
 
         token = yield self.store.register_user_group_membership(
-            group_id, user_id,
+            group_id,
+            user_id,
             membership="join",
             is_admin=False,
             local_attestation=local_attestation,
             remote_attestation=remote_attestation,
             is_publicised=is_publicised,
         )
-        self.notifier.on_new_event(
-            "groups_key", token, users=[user_id],
-        )
+        self.notifier.on_new_event("groups_key", token, users=[user_id])
 
         defer.returnValue({})
 
@@ -337,17 +332,17 @@ class GroupsLocalHandler(object):
     def invite(self, group_id, user_id, requester_user_id, config):
         """Invite a user to a group
         """
-        content = {
-            "requester_user_id": requester_user_id,
-            "config": config,
-        }
+        content = {"requester_user_id": requester_user_id, "config": config}
         if self.is_mine_id(group_id):
             res = yield self.groups_server_handler.invite_to_group(
-                group_id, user_id, requester_user_id, content,
+                group_id, user_id, requester_user_id, content
             )
         else:
             res = yield self.transport_client.invite_to_group(
-                get_domain_from_id(group_id), group_id, user_id, requester_user_id,
+                get_domain_from_id(group_id),
+                group_id,
+                user_id,
+                requester_user_id,
                 content,
             )
 
@@ -370,13 +365,12 @@ class GroupsLocalHandler(object):
                 local_profile["avatar_url"] = content["profile"]["avatar_url"]
 
         token = yield self.store.register_user_group_membership(
-            group_id, user_id,
+            group_id,
+            user_id,
             membership="invite",
             content={"profile": local_profile, "inviter": content["inviter"]},
         )
-        self.notifier.on_new_event(
-            "groups_key", token, users=[user_id],
-        )
+        self.notifier.on_new_event("groups_key", token, users=[user_id])
         try:
             user_profile = yield self.profile_handler.get_profile(user_id)
         except Exception as e:
@@ -391,25 +385,25 @@ class GroupsLocalHandler(object):
         """
         if user_id == requester_user_id:
             token = yield self.store.register_user_group_membership(
-                group_id, user_id,
-                membership="leave",
-            )
-            self.notifier.on_new_event(
-                "groups_key", token, users=[user_id],
+                group_id, user_id, membership="leave"
             )
+            self.notifier.on_new_event("groups_key", token, users=[user_id])
 
             # TODO: Should probably remember that we tried to leave so that we can
             # retry if the group server is currently down.
 
         if self.is_mine_id(group_id):
             res = yield self.groups_server_handler.remove_user_from_group(
-                group_id, user_id, requester_user_id, content,
+                group_id, user_id, requester_user_id, content
             )
         else:
             content["requester_user_id"] = requester_user_id
             res = yield self.transport_client.remove_user_from_group(
-                get_domain_from_id(group_id), group_id, requester_user_id,
-                user_id, content,
+                get_domain_from_id(group_id),
+                group_id,
+                requester_user_id,
+                user_id,
+                content,
             )
 
         defer.returnValue(res)
@@ -420,12 +414,9 @@ class GroupsLocalHandler(object):
         """
         # TODO: Check if user in group
         token = yield self.store.register_user_group_membership(
-            group_id, user_id,
-            membership="leave",
-        )
-        self.notifier.on_new_event(
-            "groups_key", token, users=[user_id],
+            group_id, user_id, membership="leave"
         )
+        self.notifier.on_new_event("groups_key", token, users=[user_id])
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_joined_groups(self, user_id):
@@ -445,7 +436,7 @@ class GroupsLocalHandler(object):
             defer.returnValue({"groups": result})
         else:
             bulk_result = yield self.transport_client.bulk_get_publicised_groups(
-                get_domain_from_id(user_id), [user_id],
+                get_domain_from_id(user_id), [user_id]
             )
             result = bulk_result.get("users", {}).get(user_id)
             # TODO: Verify attestations
@@ -460,9 +451,7 @@ class GroupsLocalHandler(object):
             if self.hs.is_mine_id(user_id):
                 local_users.add(user_id)
             else:
-                destinations.setdefault(
-                    get_domain_from_id(user_id), set()
-                ).add(user_id)
+                destinations.setdefault(get_domain_from_id(user_id), set()).add(user_id)
 
         if not proxy and destinations:
             raise SynapseError(400, "Some user_ids are not local")
@@ -472,16 +461,14 @@ class GroupsLocalHandler(object):
         for destination, dest_user_ids in iteritems(destinations):
             try:
                 r = yield self.transport_client.bulk_get_publicised_groups(
-                    destination, list(dest_user_ids),
+                    destination, list(dest_user_ids)
                 )
                 results.update(r["users"])
             except Exception:
                 failed_results.extend(dest_user_ids)
 
         for uid in local_users:
-            results[uid] = yield self.store.get_publicised_groups_for_user(
-                uid
-            )
+            results[uid] = yield self.store.get_publicised_groups_for_user(uid)
 
             # Check AS associated groups for this user - this depends on the
             # RegExps in the AS registration file (under `users`)
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/identity.py b/synapse/handlers/identity.py
index dfc03f51e7..0b40541570 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/identity.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/identity.py
@@ -41,7 +41,6 @@ logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
 class IdentityHandler(BaseHandler):
-
     def __init__(self, hs):
         super(IdentityHandler, self).__init__(hs)
 
@@ -71,24 +70,24 @@ class IdentityHandler(BaseHandler):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def threepid_from_creds(self, creds):
-        if 'id_server' in creds:
-            id_server = creds['id_server']
-        elif 'idServer' in creds:
-            id_server = creds['idServer']
+        if "id_server" in creds:
+            id_server = creds["id_server"]
+        elif "idServer" in creds:
+            id_server = creds["idServer"]
         else:
             raise SynapseError(400, "No id_server in creds")
 
-        if 'client_secret' in creds:
-            client_secret = creds['client_secret']
-        elif 'clientSecret' in creds:
-            client_secret = creds['clientSecret']
+        if "client_secret" in creds:
+            client_secret = creds["client_secret"]
+        elif "clientSecret" in creds:
+            client_secret = creds["clientSecret"]
         else:
             raise SynapseError(400, "No client_secret in creds")
 
         if not self._should_trust_id_server(id_server):
             logger.warn(
-                '%s is not a trusted ID server: rejecting 3pid ' +
-                'credentials', id_server
+                "%s is not a trusted ID server: rejecting 3pid " + "credentials",
+                id_server,
             )
             defer.returnValue(None)
         # if we have a rewrite rule set for the identity server,
@@ -97,17 +96,15 @@ class IdentityHandler(BaseHandler):
             id_server = self.rewrite_identity_server_urls[id_server]
         try:
             data = yield self.http_client.get_json(
-                "https://%s%s" % (
-                    id_server,
-                    "/_matrix/identity/api/v1/3pid/getValidated3pid"
-                ),
-                {'sid': creds['sid'], 'client_secret': client_secret}
+                "https://%s%s"
+                % (id_server, "/_matrix/identity/api/v1/3pid/getValidated3pid"),
+                {"sid": creds["sid"], "client_secret": client_secret},
             )
         except HttpResponseException as e:
             logger.info("getValidated3pid failed with Matrix error: %r", e)
             raise e.to_synapse_error()
 
-        if 'medium' in data:
+        if "medium" in data:
             defer.returnValue(data)
         defer.returnValue(None)
 
@@ -116,17 +113,17 @@ class IdentityHandler(BaseHandler):
         logger.debug("binding threepid %r to %s", creds, mxid)
         data = None
 
-        if 'id_server' in creds:
-            id_server = creds['id_server']
-        elif 'idServer' in creds:
-            id_server = creds['idServer']
+        if "id_server" in creds:
+            id_server = creds["id_server"]
+        elif "idServer" in creds:
+            id_server = creds["idServer"]
         else:
             raise SynapseError(400, "No id_server in creds")
 
-        if 'client_secret' in creds:
-            client_secret = creds['client_secret']
-        elif 'clientSecret' in creds:
-            client_secret = creds['clientSecret']
+        if "client_secret" in creds:
+            client_secret = creds["client_secret"]
+        elif "clientSecret" in creds:
+            client_secret = creds["clientSecret"]
         else:
             raise SynapseError(400, "No client_secret in creds")
 
@@ -140,14 +137,8 @@ class IdentityHandler(BaseHandler):
 
         try:
             data = yield self.http_client.post_urlencoded_get_json(
-                "https://%s%s" % (
-                    id_server_host, "/_matrix/identity/api/v1/3pid/bind"
-                ),
-                {
-                    'sid': creds['sid'],
-                    'client_secret': client_secret,
-                    'mxid': mxid,
-                }
+                "https://%s%s" % (id_server_host, "/_matrix/identity/api/v1/3pid/bind"),
+                {"sid": creds["sid"], "client_secret": client_secret, "mxid": mxid},
             )
             logger.debug("bound threepid %r to %s", creds, mxid)
 
@@ -183,9 +174,7 @@ class IdentityHandler(BaseHandler):
             id_servers = [threepid["id_server"]]
         else:
             id_servers = yield self.store.get_id_servers_user_bound(
-                user_id=mxid,
-                medium=threepid["medium"],
-                address=threepid["address"],
+                user_id=mxid, medium=threepid["medium"], address=threepid["address"]
             )
 
         # We don't know where to unbind, so we don't have a choice but to return
@@ -195,7 +184,7 @@ class IdentityHandler(BaseHandler):
         changed = True
         for id_server in id_servers:
             changed &= yield self.try_unbind_threepid_with_id_server(
-                mxid, threepid, id_server,
+                mxid, threepid, id_server
             )
 
         defer.returnValue(changed)
@@ -219,10 +208,7 @@ class IdentityHandler(BaseHandler):
         url = "https://%s/_matrix/identity/api/v1/3pid/unbind" % (id_server,)
         content = {
             "mxid": mxid,
-            "threepid": {
-                "medium": threepid["medium"],
-                "address": threepid["address"],
-            },
+            "threepid": {"medium": threepid["medium"], "address": threepid["address"]},
         }
 
         # we abuse the federation http client to sign the request, but we have to send it
@@ -230,14 +216,12 @@ class IdentityHandler(BaseHandler):
         # 'browser-like' HTTPS.
         auth_headers = self.federation_http_client.build_auth_headers(
             destination=None,
-            method='POST',
-            url_bytes='/_matrix/identity/api/v1/3pid/unbind'.encode('ascii'),
+            method="POST",
+            url_bytes="/_matrix/identity/api/v1/3pid/unbind".encode("ascii"),
             content=content,
             destination_is=id_server,
         )
-        headers = {
-            b"Authorization": auth_headers,
-        }
+        headers = {b"Authorization": auth_headers}
 
         # if we have a rewrite rule set for the identity server,
         # apply it now.
@@ -250,15 +234,11 @@ class IdentityHandler(BaseHandler):
         url = "https://%s/_matrix/identity/api/v1/3pid/unbind" % (id_server,)
 
         try:
-            yield self.http_client.post_json_get_json(
-                url,
-                content,
-                headers,
-            )
+            yield self.http_client.post_json_get_json(url, content, headers)
             changed = True
         except HttpResponseException as e:
             changed = False
-            if e.code in (400, 404, 501,):
+            if e.code in (400, 404, 501):
                 # The remote server probably doesn't support unbinding (yet)
                 logger.warn("Received %d response while unbinding threepid", e.code)
             else:
@@ -276,23 +256,17 @@ class IdentityHandler(BaseHandler):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def requestEmailToken(
-        self,
-        id_server,
-        email,
-        client_secret,
-        send_attempt,
-        next_link=None,
+        self, id_server, email, client_secret, send_attempt, next_link=None
     ):
         if not self._should_trust_id_server(id_server):
             raise SynapseError(
-                400, "Untrusted ID server '%s'" % id_server,
-                Codes.SERVER_NOT_TRUSTED
+                400, "Untrusted ID server '%s'" % id_server, Codes.SERVER_NOT_TRUSTED
             )
 
         params = {
-            'email': email,
-            'client_secret': client_secret,
-            'send_attempt': send_attempt,
+            "email": email,
+            "client_secret": client_secret,
+            "send_attempt": send_attempt,
         }
 
         # if we have a rewrite rule set for the identity server,
@@ -301,15 +275,13 @@ class IdentityHandler(BaseHandler):
             id_server = self.rewrite_identity_server_urls[id_server]
 
         if next_link:
-            params.update({'next_link': next_link})
+            params.update({"next_link": next_link})
 
         try:
             data = yield self.http_client.post_json_get_json(
-                "https://%s%s" % (
-                    id_server,
-                    "/_matrix/identity/api/v1/validate/email/requestToken"
-                ),
-                params
+                "https://%s%s"
+                % (id_server, "/_matrix/identity/api/v1/validate/email/requestToken"),
+                params,
             )
             defer.returnValue(data)
         except HttpResponseException as e:
@@ -318,20 +290,18 @@ class IdentityHandler(BaseHandler):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def requestMsisdnToken(
-            self, id_server, country, phone_number,
-            client_secret, send_attempt, **kwargs
+        self, id_server, country, phone_number, client_secret, send_attempt, **kwargs
     ):
         if not self._should_trust_id_server(id_server):
             raise SynapseError(
-                400, "Untrusted ID server '%s'" % id_server,
-                Codes.SERVER_NOT_TRUSTED
+                400, "Untrusted ID server '%s'" % id_server, Codes.SERVER_NOT_TRUSTED
             )
 
         params = {
-            'country': country,
-            'phone_number': phone_number,
-            'client_secret': client_secret,
-            'send_attempt': send_attempt,
+            "country": country,
+            "phone_number": phone_number,
+            "client_secret": client_secret,
+            "send_attempt": send_attempt,
         }
         params.update(kwargs)
         # if we have a rewrite rule set for the identity server,
@@ -340,11 +310,9 @@ class IdentityHandler(BaseHandler):
             id_server = self.rewrite_identity_server_urls[id_server]
         try:
             data = yield self.http_client.post_json_get_json(
-                "https://%s%s" % (
-                    id_server,
-                    "/_matrix/identity/api/v1/validate/msisdn/requestToken"
-                ),
-                params
+                "https://%s%s"
+                % (id_server, "/_matrix/identity/api/v1/validate/msisdn/requestToken"),
+                params,
             )
             defer.returnValue(data)
         except HttpResponseException as e:
@@ -368,13 +336,12 @@ class IdentityHandler(BaseHandler):
         """
         if not self._should_trust_id_server(id_server):
             raise SynapseError(
-                400, "Untrusted ID server '%s'" % id_server,
-                Codes.SERVER_NOT_TRUSTED
+                400, "Untrusted ID server '%s'" % id_server, Codes.SERVER_NOT_TRUSTED
             )
 
         if not self._enable_lookup:
             raise AuthError(
-                403, "Looking up third-party identifiers is denied from this server",
+                403, "Looking up third-party identifiers is denied from this server"
             )
 
         target = self.rewrite_identity_server_urls.get(id_server, id_server)
@@ -382,10 +349,7 @@ class IdentityHandler(BaseHandler):
         try:
             data = yield self.http_client.get_json(
                 "https://%s/_matrix/identity/api/v1/lookup" % (target,),
-                {
-                    "medium": medium,
-                    "address": address,
-                }
+                {"medium": medium, "address": address},
             )
 
             if "mxid" in data:
@@ -419,13 +383,12 @@ class IdentityHandler(BaseHandler):
         """
         if not self._should_trust_id_server(id_server):
             raise SynapseError(
-                400, "Untrusted ID server '%s'" % id_server,
-                Codes.SERVER_NOT_TRUSTED
+                400, "Untrusted ID server '%s'" % id_server, Codes.SERVER_NOT_TRUSTED
             )
 
         if not self._enable_lookup:
             raise AuthError(
-                403, "Looking up third-party identifiers is denied from this server",
+                403, "Looking up third-party identifiers is denied from this server"
             )
 
         target = self.rewrite_identity_server_urls.get(id_server, id_server)
@@ -433,9 +396,7 @@ class IdentityHandler(BaseHandler):
         try:
             data = yield self.http_client.post_json_get_json(
                 "https://%s/_matrix/identity/api/v1/bulk_lookup" % (target,),
-                {
-                    "threepids": threepids,
-                }
+                {"threepids": threepids},
             )
 
         except HttpResponseException as e:
@@ -454,20 +415,22 @@ class IdentityHandler(BaseHandler):
 
         for key_name, signature in data["signatures"][server_hostname].items():
             target = self.rewrite_identity_server_urls.get(
-                server_hostname, server_hostname,
+                server_hostname, server_hostname
             )
 
             key_data = yield self.http_client.get_json(
-                "https://%s/_matrix/identity/api/v1/pubkey/%s" %
-                (target, key_name,),
+                "https://%s/_matrix/identity/api/v1/pubkey/%s" % (target, key_name)
             )
             if "public_key" not in key_data:
-                raise AuthError(401, "No public key named %s from %s" %
-                                (key_name, server_hostname,))
+                raise AuthError(
+                    401, "No public key named %s from %s" % (key_name, server_hostname)
+                )
             verify_signed_json(
                 data,
                 server_hostname,
-                decode_verify_key_bytes(key_name, decode_base64(key_data["public_key"]))
+                decode_verify_key_bytes(
+                    key_name, decode_base64(key_data["public_key"])
+                ),
             )
             return
 
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/initial_sync.py b/synapse/handlers/initial_sync.py
index aaee5db0b7..a1fe9d116f 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/initial_sync.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/initial_sync.py
@@ -44,8 +44,13 @@ class InitialSyncHandler(BaseHandler):
         self.snapshot_cache = SnapshotCache()
         self._event_serializer = hs.get_event_client_serializer()
 
-    def snapshot_all_rooms(self, user_id=None, pagin_config=None,
-                           as_client_event=True, include_archived=False):
+    def snapshot_all_rooms(
+        self,
+        user_id=None,
+        pagin_config=None,
+        as_client_event=True,
+        include_archived=False,
+    ):
         """Retrieve a snapshot of all rooms the user is invited or has joined.
 
         This snapshot may include messages for all rooms where the user is
@@ -77,13 +82,22 @@ class InitialSyncHandler(BaseHandler):
         if result is not None:
             return result
 
-        return self.snapshot_cache.set(now_ms, key, self._snapshot_all_rooms(
-            user_id, pagin_config, as_client_event, include_archived
-        ))
+        return self.snapshot_cache.set(
+            now_ms,
+            key,
+            self._snapshot_all_rooms(
+                user_id, pagin_config, as_client_event, include_archived
+            ),
+        )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _snapshot_all_rooms(self, user_id=None, pagin_config=None,
-                            as_client_event=True, include_archived=False):
+    def _snapshot_all_rooms(
+        self,
+        user_id=None,
+        pagin_config=None,
+        as_client_event=True,
+        include_archived=False,
+    ):
 
         memberships = [Membership.INVITE, Membership.JOIN]
         if include_archived:
@@ -128,8 +142,7 @@ class InitialSyncHandler(BaseHandler):
                 "room_id": event.room_id,
                 "membership": event.membership,
                 "visibility": (
-                    "public" if event.room_id in public_room_ids
-                    else "private"
+                    "public" if event.room_id in public_room_ids else "private"
                 ),
             }
 
@@ -139,7 +152,7 @@ class InitialSyncHandler(BaseHandler):
 
                 invite_event = yield self.store.get_event(event.event_id)
                 d["invite"] = yield self._event_serializer.serialize_event(
-                    invite_event, time_now, as_client_event,
+                    invite_event, time_now, as_client_event
                 )
 
             rooms_ret.append(d)
@@ -151,14 +164,12 @@ class InitialSyncHandler(BaseHandler):
                 if event.membership == Membership.JOIN:
                     room_end_token = now_token.room_key
                     deferred_room_state = run_in_background(
-                        self.state_handler.get_current_state,
-                        event.room_id,
+                        self.state_handler.get_current_state, event.room_id
                     )
                 elif event.membership == Membership.LEAVE:
                     room_end_token = "s%d" % (event.stream_ordering,)
                     deferred_room_state = run_in_background(
-                        self.store.get_state_for_events,
-                        [event.event_id],
+                        self.store.get_state_for_events, [event.event_id]
                     )
                     deferred_room_state.addCallback(
                         lambda states: states[event.event_id]
@@ -178,9 +189,7 @@ class InitialSyncHandler(BaseHandler):
                     )
                 ).addErrback(unwrapFirstError)
 
-                messages = yield filter_events_for_client(
-                    self.store, user_id, messages
-                )
+                messages = yield filter_events_for_client(self.store, user_id, messages)
 
                 start_token = now_token.copy_and_replace("room_key", token)
                 end_token = now_token.copy_and_replace("room_key", room_end_token)
@@ -189,8 +198,7 @@ class InitialSyncHandler(BaseHandler):
                 d["messages"] = {
                     "chunk": (
                         yield self._event_serializer.serialize_events(
-                            messages, time_now=time_now,
-                            as_client_event=as_client_event,
+                            messages, time_now=time_now, as_client_event=as_client_event
                         )
                     ),
                     "start": start_token.to_string(),
@@ -200,23 +208,21 @@ class InitialSyncHandler(BaseHandler):
                 d["state"] = yield self._event_serializer.serialize_events(
                     current_state.values(),
                     time_now=time_now,
-                    as_client_event=as_client_event
+                    as_client_event=as_client_event,
                 )
 
                 account_data_events = []
                 tags = tags_by_room.get(event.room_id)
                 if tags:
-                    account_data_events.append({
-                        "type": "m.tag",
-                        "content": {"tags": tags},
-                    })
+                    account_data_events.append(
+                        {"type": "m.tag", "content": {"tags": tags}}
+                    )
 
                 account_data = account_data_by_room.get(event.room_id, {})
                 for account_data_type, content in account_data.items():
-                    account_data_events.append({
-                        "type": account_data_type,
-                        "content": content,
-                    })
+                    account_data_events.append(
+                        {"type": account_data_type, "content": content}
+                    )
 
                 d["account_data"] = account_data_events
             except Exception:
@@ -226,10 +232,7 @@ class InitialSyncHandler(BaseHandler):
 
         account_data_events = []
         for account_data_type, content in account_data.items():
-            account_data_events.append({
-                "type": account_data_type,
-                "content": content,
-            })
+            account_data_events.append({"type": account_data_type, "content": content})
 
         now = self.clock.time_msec()
 
@@ -274,7 +277,7 @@ class InitialSyncHandler(BaseHandler):
         user_id = requester.user.to_string()
 
         membership, member_event_id = yield self._check_in_room_or_world_readable(
-            room_id, user_id,
+            room_id, user_id
         )
         is_peeking = member_event_id is None
 
@@ -290,28 +293,21 @@ class InitialSyncHandler(BaseHandler):
         account_data_events = []
         tags = yield self.store.get_tags_for_room(user_id, room_id)
         if tags:
-            account_data_events.append({
-                "type": "m.tag",
-                "content": {"tags": tags},
-            })
+            account_data_events.append({"type": "m.tag", "content": {"tags": tags}})
 
         account_data = yield self.store.get_account_data_for_room(user_id, room_id)
         for account_data_type, content in account_data.items():
-            account_data_events.append({
-                "type": account_data_type,
-                "content": content,
-            })
+            account_data_events.append({"type": account_data_type, "content": content})
 
         result["account_data"] = account_data_events
 
         defer.returnValue(result)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _room_initial_sync_parted(self, user_id, room_id, pagin_config,
-                                  membership, member_event_id, is_peeking):
-        room_state = yield self.store.get_state_for_events(
-            [member_event_id],
-        )
+    def _room_initial_sync_parted(
+        self, user_id, room_id, pagin_config, membership, member_event_id, is_peeking
+    ):
+        room_state = yield self.store.get_state_for_events([member_event_id])
 
         room_state = room_state[member_event_id]
 
@@ -319,14 +315,10 @@ class InitialSyncHandler(BaseHandler):
         if limit is None:
             limit = 10
 
-        stream_token = yield self.store.get_stream_token_for_event(
-            member_event_id
-        )
+        stream_token = yield self.store.get_stream_token_for_event(member_event_id)
 
         messages, token = yield self.store.get_recent_events_for_room(
-            room_id,
-            limit=limit,
-            end_token=stream_token
+            room_id, limit=limit, end_token=stream_token
         )
 
         messages = yield filter_events_for_client(
@@ -338,34 +330,39 @@ class InitialSyncHandler(BaseHandler):
 
         time_now = self.clock.time_msec()
 
-        defer.returnValue({
-            "membership": membership,
-            "room_id": room_id,
-            "messages": {
-                "chunk": (yield self._event_serializer.serialize_events(
-                    messages, time_now,
-                )),
-                "start": start_token.to_string(),
-                "end": end_token.to_string(),
-            },
-            "state": (yield self._event_serializer.serialize_events(
-                room_state.values(), time_now,
-            )),
-            "presence": [],
-            "receipts": [],
-        })
+        defer.returnValue(
+            {
+                "membership": membership,
+                "room_id": room_id,
+                "messages": {
+                    "chunk": (
+                        yield self._event_serializer.serialize_events(
+                            messages, time_now
+                        )
+                    ),
+                    "start": start_token.to_string(),
+                    "end": end_token.to_string(),
+                },
+                "state": (
+                    yield self._event_serializer.serialize_events(
+                        room_state.values(), time_now
+                    )
+                ),
+                "presence": [],
+                "receipts": [],
+            }
+        )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _room_initial_sync_joined(self, user_id, room_id, pagin_config,
-                                  membership, is_peeking):
-        current_state = yield self.state.get_current_state(
-            room_id=room_id,
-        )
+    def _room_initial_sync_joined(
+        self, user_id, room_id, pagin_config, membership, is_peeking
+    ):
+        current_state = yield self.state.get_current_state(room_id=room_id)
 
         # TODO: These concurrently
         time_now = self.clock.time_msec()
         state = yield self._event_serializer.serialize_events(
-            current_state.values(), time_now,
+            current_state.values(), time_now
         )
 
         now_token = yield self.hs.get_event_sources().get_current_token()
@@ -375,7 +372,8 @@ class InitialSyncHandler(BaseHandler):
             limit = 10
 
         room_members = [
-            m for m in current_state.values()
+            m
+            for m in current_state.values()
             if m.type == EventTypes.Member
             and m.content["membership"] == Membership.JOIN
         ]
@@ -389,8 +387,7 @@ class InitialSyncHandler(BaseHandler):
                 defer.returnValue([])
 
             states = yield presence_handler.get_states(
-                [m.user_id for m in room_members],
-                as_event=True,
+                [m.user_id for m in room_members], as_event=True
             )
 
             defer.returnValue(states)
@@ -398,8 +395,7 @@ class InitialSyncHandler(BaseHandler):
         @defer.inlineCallbacks
         def get_receipts():
             receipts = yield self.store.get_linearized_receipts_for_room(
-                room_id,
-                to_key=now_token.receipt_key,
+                room_id, to_key=now_token.receipt_key
             )
             if not receipts:
                 receipts = []
@@ -415,14 +411,14 @@ class InitialSyncHandler(BaseHandler):
                         room_id,
                         limit=limit,
                         end_token=now_token.room_key,
-                    )
+                    ),
                 ],
                 consumeErrors=True,
-            ).addErrback(unwrapFirstError),
+            ).addErrback(unwrapFirstError)
         )
 
         messages = yield filter_events_for_client(
-            self.store, user_id, messages, is_peeking=is_peeking,
+            self.store, user_id, messages, is_peeking=is_peeking
         )
 
         start_token = now_token.copy_and_replace("room_key", token)
@@ -433,9 +429,9 @@ class InitialSyncHandler(BaseHandler):
         ret = {
             "room_id": room_id,
             "messages": {
-                "chunk": (yield self._event_serializer.serialize_events(
-                    messages, time_now,
-                )),
+                "chunk": (
+                    yield self._event_serializer.serialize_events(messages, time_now)
+                ),
                 "start": start_token.to_string(),
                 "end": end_token.to_string(),
             },
@@ -464,8 +460,8 @@ class InitialSyncHandler(BaseHandler):
                 room_id, EventTypes.RoomHistoryVisibility, ""
             )
             if (
-                visibility and
-                visibility.content["history_visibility"] == "world_readable"
+                visibility
+                and visibility.content["history_visibility"] == "world_readable"
             ):
                 defer.returnValue((Membership.JOIN, None))
                 return
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/message.py b/synapse/handlers/message.py
index a212ca0b0e..e4531fc069 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/message.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/message.py
@@ -61,8 +61,9 @@ class MessageHandler(object):
         self._event_serializer = hs.get_event_client_serializer()
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_room_data(self, user_id=None, room_id=None,
-                      event_type=None, state_key="", is_guest=False):
+    def get_room_data(
+        self, user_id=None, room_id=None, event_type=None, state_key="", is_guest=False
+    ):
         """ Get data from a room.
 
         Args:
@@ -77,9 +78,7 @@ class MessageHandler(object):
         )
 
         if membership == Membership.JOIN:
-            data = yield self.state.get_current_state(
-                room_id, event_type, state_key
-            )
+            data = yield self.state.get_current_state(room_id, event_type, state_key)
         elif membership == Membership.LEAVE:
             key = (event_type, state_key)
             room_state = yield self.store.get_state_for_events(
@@ -91,8 +90,12 @@ class MessageHandler(object):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_state_events(
-        self, user_id, room_id, state_filter=StateFilter.all(),
-        at_token=None, is_guest=False,
+        self,
+        user_id,
+        room_id,
+        state_filter=StateFilter.all(),
+        at_token=None,
+        is_guest=False,
     ):
         """Retrieve all state events for a given room. If the user is
         joined to the room then return the current state. If the user has
@@ -124,11 +127,11 @@ class MessageHandler(object):
             # does not reliably give you the state at the given stream position.
             # (https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/3305)
             last_events, _ = yield self.store.get_recent_events_for_room(
-                room_id, end_token=at_token.room_key, limit=1,
+                room_id, end_token=at_token.room_key, limit=1
             )
 
             if not last_events:
-                raise NotFoundError("Can't find event for token %s" % (at_token, ))
+                raise NotFoundError("Can't find event for token %s" % (at_token,))
 
             visible_events = yield filter_events_for_client(
                 self.store, user_id, last_events, apply_retention_policies=False
@@ -137,37 +140,35 @@ class MessageHandler(object):
             event = last_events[0]
             if visible_events:
                 room_state = yield self.store.get_state_for_events(
-                    [event.event_id], state_filter=state_filter,
+                    [event.event_id], state_filter=state_filter
                 )
                 room_state = room_state[event.event_id]
             else:
                 raise AuthError(
                     403,
-                    "User %s not allowed to view events in room %s at token %s" % (
-                        user_id, room_id, at_token,
-                    )
+                    "User %s not allowed to view events in room %s at token %s"
+                    % (user_id, room_id, at_token),
                 )
         else:
             membership, membership_event_id = (
-                yield self.auth.check_in_room_or_world_readable(
-                    room_id, user_id,
-                )
+                yield self.auth.check_in_room_or_world_readable(room_id, user_id)
             )
 
             if membership == Membership.JOIN:
                 state_ids = yield self.store.get_filtered_current_state_ids(
-                    room_id, state_filter=state_filter,
+                    room_id, state_filter=state_filter
                 )
                 room_state = yield self.store.get_events(state_ids.values())
             elif membership == Membership.LEAVE:
                 room_state = yield self.store.get_state_for_events(
-                    [membership_event_id], state_filter=state_filter,
+                    [membership_event_id], state_filter=state_filter
                 )
                 room_state = room_state[membership_event_id]
 
         now = self.clock.time_msec()
         events = yield self._event_serializer.serialize_events(
-            room_state.values(), now,
+            room_state.values(),
+            now,
             # We don't bother bundling aggregations in when asked for state
             # events, as clients won't use them.
             bundle_aggregations=False,
@@ -211,13 +212,15 @@ class MessageHandler(object):
                 # Loop fell through, AS has no interested users in room
                 raise AuthError(403, "Appservice not in room")
 
-        defer.returnValue({
-            user_id: {
-                "avatar_url": profile.avatar_url,
-                "display_name": profile.display_name,
+        defer.returnValue(
+            {
+                user_id: {
+                    "avatar_url": profile.avatar_url,
+                    "display_name": profile.display_name,
+                }
+                for user_id, profile in iteritems(users_with_profile)
             }
-            for user_id, profile in iteritems(users_with_profile)
-        })
+        )
 
 
 class EventCreationHandler(object):
@@ -269,14 +272,21 @@ class EventCreationHandler(object):
             self.clock.looping_call(
                 lambda: run_as_background_process(
                     "send_dummy_events_to_fill_extremities",
-                    self._send_dummy_events_to_fill_extremities
+                    self._send_dummy_events_to_fill_extremities,
                 ),
                 5 * 60 * 1000,
             )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def create_event(self, requester, event_dict, token_id=None, txn_id=None,
-                     prev_events_and_hashes=None, require_consent=True):
+    def create_event(
+        self,
+        requester,
+        event_dict,
+        token_id=None,
+        txn_id=None,
+        prev_events_and_hashes=None,
+        require_consent=True,
+    ):
         """
         Given a dict from a client, create a new event.
 
@@ -336,8 +346,7 @@ class EventCreationHandler(object):
                         content["avatar_url"] = yield profile.get_avatar_url(target)
                 except Exception as e:
                     logger.info(
-                        "Failed to get profile information for %r: %s",
-                        target, e
+                        "Failed to get profile information for %r: %s", target, e
                     )
 
         is_exempt = yield self._is_exempt_from_privacy_policy(builder, requester)
@@ -373,16 +382,17 @@ class EventCreationHandler(object):
             prev_event = yield self.store.get_event(prev_event_id, allow_none=True)
             if not prev_event or prev_event.membership != Membership.JOIN:
                 logger.warning(
-                    ("Attempt to send `m.room.aliases` in room %s by user %s but"
-                     " membership is %s"),
+                    (
+                        "Attempt to send `m.room.aliases` in room %s by user %s but"
+                        " membership is %s"
+                    ),
                     event.room_id,
                     event.sender,
                     prev_event.membership if prev_event else None,
                 )
 
                 raise AuthError(
-                    403,
-                    "You must be in the room to create an alias for it",
+                    403, "You must be in the room to create an alias for it"
                 )
 
         self.validator.validate_new(event, self.config)
@@ -449,8 +459,8 @@ class EventCreationHandler(object):
 
         # exempt the system notices user
         if (
-            self.config.server_notices_mxid is not None and
-            user_id == self.config.server_notices_mxid
+            self.config.server_notices_mxid is not None
+            and user_id == self.config.server_notices_mxid
         ):
             return
 
@@ -463,15 +473,10 @@ class EventCreationHandler(object):
             return
 
         consent_uri = self._consent_uri_builder.build_user_consent_uri(
-            requester.user.localpart,
-        )
-        msg = self._block_events_without_consent_error % {
-            'consent_uri': consent_uri,
-        }
-        raise ConsentNotGivenError(
-            msg=msg,
-            consent_uri=consent_uri,
+            requester.user.localpart
         )
+        msg = self._block_events_without_consent_error % {"consent_uri": consent_uri}
+        raise ConsentNotGivenError(msg=msg, consent_uri=consent_uri)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def send_nonmember_event(self, requester, event, context, ratelimit=True):
@@ -486,8 +491,7 @@ class EventCreationHandler(object):
         """
         if event.type == EventTypes.Member:
             raise SynapseError(
-                500,
-                "Tried to send member event through non-member codepath"
+                500, "Tried to send member event through non-member codepath"
             )
 
         user = UserID.from_string(event.sender)
@@ -499,15 +503,13 @@ class EventCreationHandler(object):
             if prev_state is not None:
                 logger.info(
                     "Not bothering to persist state event %s duplicated by %s",
-                    event.event_id, prev_state.event_id,
+                    event.event_id,
+                    prev_state.event_id,
                 )
                 defer.returnValue(prev_state)
 
         yield self.handle_new_client_event(
-            requester=requester,
-            event=event,
-            context=context,
-            ratelimit=ratelimit,
+            requester=requester, event=event, context=context, ratelimit=ratelimit
         )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -533,11 +535,7 @@ class EventCreationHandler(object):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def create_and_send_nonmember_event(
-        self,
-        requester,
-        event_dict,
-        ratelimit=True,
-        txn_id=None
+        self, requester, event_dict, ratelimit=True, txn_id=None
     ):
         """
         Creates an event, then sends it.
@@ -552,32 +550,25 @@ class EventCreationHandler(object):
         # taking longer.
         with (yield self.limiter.queue(event_dict["room_id"])):
             event, context = yield self.create_event(
-                requester,
-                event_dict,
-                token_id=requester.access_token_id,
-                txn_id=txn_id
+                requester, event_dict, token_id=requester.access_token_id, txn_id=txn_id
             )
 
             spam_error = self.spam_checker.check_event_for_spam(event)
             if spam_error:
                 if not isinstance(spam_error, string_types):
                     spam_error = "Spam is not permitted here"
-                raise SynapseError(
-                    403, spam_error, Codes.FORBIDDEN
-                )
+                raise SynapseError(403, spam_error, Codes.FORBIDDEN)
 
             yield self.send_nonmember_event(
-                requester,
-                event,
-                context,
-                ratelimit=ratelimit,
+                requester, event, context, ratelimit=ratelimit
             )
         defer.returnValue(event)
 
     @measure_func("create_new_client_event")
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def create_new_client_event(self, builder, requester=None,
-                                prev_events_and_hashes=None):
+    def create_new_client_event(
+        self, builder, requester=None, prev_events_and_hashes=None
+    ):
         """Create a new event for a local client
 
         Args:
@@ -597,22 +588,21 @@ class EventCreationHandler(object):
         """
 
         if prev_events_and_hashes is not None:
-            assert len(prev_events_and_hashes) <= 10, \
-                "Attempting to create an event with %i prev_events" % (
-                    len(prev_events_and_hashes),
+            assert len(prev_events_and_hashes) <= 10, (
+                "Attempting to create an event with %i prev_events"
+                % (len(prev_events_and_hashes),)
             )
         else:
-            prev_events_and_hashes = \
-                yield self.store.get_prev_events_for_room(builder.room_id)
+            prev_events_and_hashes = yield self.store.get_prev_events_for_room(
+                builder.room_id
+            )
 
         prev_events = [
             (event_id, prev_hashes)
             for event_id, prev_hashes, _ in prev_events_and_hashes
         ]
 
-        event = yield builder.build(
-            prev_event_ids=[p for p, _ in prev_events],
-        )
+        event = yield builder.build(prev_event_ids=[p for p, _ in prev_events])
         context = yield self.state.compute_event_context(event)
         if requester:
             context.app_service = requester.app_service
@@ -628,29 +618,19 @@ class EventCreationHandler(object):
             aggregation_key = relation["key"]
 
             already_exists = yield self.store.has_user_annotated_event(
-                relates_to, event.type, aggregation_key, event.sender,
+                relates_to, event.type, aggregation_key, event.sender
             )
             if already_exists:
                 raise SynapseError(400, "Can't send same reaction twice")
 
-        logger.debug(
-            "Created event %s",
-            event.event_id,
-        )
+        logger.debug("Created event %s", event.event_id)
 
-        defer.returnValue(
-            (event, context,)
-        )
+        defer.returnValue((event, context))
 
     @measure_func("handle_new_client_event")
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def handle_new_client_event(
-        self,
-        requester,
-        event,
-        context,
-        ratelimit=True,
-        extra_users=[],
+        self, requester, event, context, ratelimit=True, extra_users=[]
     ):
         """Processes a new event. This includes checking auth, persisting it,
         notifying users, sending to remote servers, etc.
@@ -666,19 +646,20 @@ class EventCreationHandler(object):
             extra_users (list(UserID)): Any extra users to notify about event
         """
 
-        if event.is_state() and (event.type, event.state_key) == (EventTypes.Create, ""):
-            room_version = event.content.get(
-                "room_version", RoomVersions.V1.identifier
-            )
+        if event.is_state() and (event.type, event.state_key) == (
+            EventTypes.Create,
+            "",
+        ):
+            room_version = event.content.get("room_version", RoomVersions.V1.identifier)
         else:
             room_version = yield self.store.get_room_version(event.room_id)
 
         event_allowed = yield self.third_party_event_rules.check_event_allowed(
-            event, context,
+            event, context
         )
         if not event_allowed:
             raise SynapseError(
-                403, "This event is not allowed in this context", Codes.FORBIDDEN,
+                403, "This event is not allowed in this context", Codes.FORBIDDEN
             )
 
         try:
@@ -695,9 +676,7 @@ class EventCreationHandler(object):
             logger.exception("Failed to encode content: %r", event.content)
             raise
 
-        yield self.action_generator.handle_push_actions_for_event(
-            event, context
-        )
+        yield self.action_generator.handle_push_actions_for_event(event, context)
 
         # reraise does not allow inlineCallbacks to preserve the stacktrace, so we
         # hack around with a try/finally instead.
@@ -718,11 +697,7 @@ class EventCreationHandler(object):
                 return
 
             yield self.persist_and_notify_client_event(
-                requester,
-                event,
-                context,
-                ratelimit=ratelimit,
-                extra_users=extra_users,
+                requester, event, context, ratelimit=ratelimit, extra_users=extra_users
             )
 
             success = True
@@ -731,18 +706,12 @@ class EventCreationHandler(object):
                 # Ensure that we actually remove the entries in the push actions
                 # staging area, if we calculated them.
                 run_in_background(
-                    self.store.remove_push_actions_from_staging,
-                    event.event_id,
+                    self.store.remove_push_actions_from_staging, event.event_id
                 )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def persist_and_notify_client_event(
-        self,
-        requester,
-        event,
-        context,
-        ratelimit=True,
-        extra_users=[],
+        self, requester, event, context, ratelimit=True, extra_users=[]
     ):
         """Called when we have fully built the event, have already
         calculated the push actions for the event, and checked auth.
@@ -767,20 +736,16 @@ class EventCreationHandler(object):
                 if mapping["room_id"] != event.room_id:
                     raise SynapseError(
                         400,
-                        "Room alias %s does not point to the room" % (
-                            room_alias_str,
-                        )
+                        "Room alias %s does not point to the room" % (room_alias_str,),
                     )
 
         federation_handler = self.hs.get_handlers().federation_handler
 
         if event.type == EventTypes.Member:
             if event.content["membership"] == Membership.INVITE:
+
                 def is_inviter_member_event(e):
-                    return (
-                        e.type == EventTypes.Member and
-                        e.sender == event.sender
-                    )
+                    return e.type == EventTypes.Member and e.sender == event.sender
 
                 current_state_ids = yield context.get_current_state_ids(self.store)
 
@@ -810,26 +775,21 @@ class EventCreationHandler(object):
                     # to get them to sign the event.
 
                     returned_invite = yield federation_handler.send_invite(
-                        invitee.domain,
-                        event,
+                        invitee.domain, event
                     )
 
                     event.unsigned.pop("room_state", None)
 
                     # TODO: Make sure the signatures actually are correct.
-                    event.signatures.update(
-                        returned_invite.signatures
-                    )
+                    event.signatures.update(returned_invite.signatures)
 
         if event.type == EventTypes.Redaction:
             prev_state_ids = yield context.get_prev_state_ids(self.store)
             auth_events_ids = yield self.auth.compute_auth_events(
-                event, prev_state_ids, for_verification=True,
+                event, prev_state_ids, for_verification=True
             )
             auth_events = yield self.store.get_events(auth_events_ids)
-            auth_events = {
-                (e.type, e.state_key): e for e in auth_events.values()
-            }
+            auth_events = {(e.type, e.state_key): e for e in auth_events.values()}
             room_version = yield self.store.get_room_version(event.room_id)
             if self.auth.check_redaction(room_version, event, auth_events=auth_events):
                 original_event = yield self.store.get_event(
@@ -837,13 +797,10 @@ class EventCreationHandler(object):
                     check_redacted=False,
                     get_prev_content=False,
                     allow_rejected=False,
-                    allow_none=False
+                    allow_none=False,
                 )
                 if event.user_id != original_event.user_id:
-                    raise AuthError(
-                        403,
-                        "You don't have permission to redact events"
-                    )
+                    raise AuthError(403, "You don't have permission to redact events")
 
                 # We've already checked.
                 event.internal_metadata.recheck_redaction = False
@@ -851,24 +808,18 @@ class EventCreationHandler(object):
         if event.type == EventTypes.Create:
             prev_state_ids = yield context.get_prev_state_ids(self.store)
             if prev_state_ids:
-                raise AuthError(
-                    403,
-                    "Changing the room create event is forbidden",
-                )
+                raise AuthError(403, "Changing the room create event is forbidden")
 
         (event_stream_id, max_stream_id) = yield self.store.persist_event(
             event, context=context
         )
 
-        yield self.pusher_pool.on_new_notifications(
-            event_stream_id, max_stream_id,
-        )
+        yield self.pusher_pool.on_new_notifications(event_stream_id, max_stream_id)
 
         def _notify():
             try:
                 self.notifier.on_new_room_event(
-                    event, event_stream_id, max_stream_id,
-                    extra_users=extra_users
+                    event, event_stream_id, max_stream_id, extra_users=extra_users
                 )
             except Exception:
                 logger.exception("Error notifying about new room event")
@@ -895,23 +846,19 @@ class EventCreationHandler(object):
         """
 
         room_ids = yield self.store.get_rooms_with_many_extremities(
-            min_count=10, limit=5,
+            min_count=10, limit=5
         )
 
         for room_id in room_ids:
             # For each room we need to find a joined member we can use to send
             # the dummy event with.
 
-            prev_events_and_hashes = yield self.store.get_prev_events_for_room(
-                room_id,
-            )
+            prev_events_and_hashes = yield self.store.get_prev_events_for_room(room_id)
 
-            latest_event_ids = (
-                event_id for (event_id, _, _) in prev_events_and_hashes
-            )
+            latest_event_ids = (event_id for (event_id, _, _) in prev_events_and_hashes)
 
             members = yield self.state.get_current_users_in_room(
-                room_id, latest_event_ids=latest_event_ids,
+                room_id, latest_event_ids=latest_event_ids
             )
 
             user_id = None
@@ -941,9 +888,4 @@ class EventCreationHandler(object):
 
             event.internal_metadata.proactively_send = False
 
-            yield self.send_nonmember_event(
-                requester,
-                event,
-                context,
-                ratelimit=False,
-            )
+            yield self.send_nonmember_event(requester, event, context, ratelimit=False)
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/pagination.py b/synapse/handlers/pagination.py
index 3cf783e3bd..be54084088 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/pagination.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/pagination.py
@@ -58,9 +58,7 @@ class PurgeStatus(object):
         self.status = PurgeStatus.STATUS_ACTIVE
 
     def asdict(self):
-        return {
-            "status": PurgeStatus.STATUS_TEXT[self.status]
-        }
+        return {"status": PurgeStatus.STATUS_TEXT[self.status]}
 
 
 class PaginationHandler(object):
@@ -153,20 +151,19 @@ class PaginationHandler(object):
             # Figure out what token we should start purging at.
             ts = self.clock.time_msec() - max_lifetime
 
-            stream_ordering = (
-                yield self.store.find_first_stream_ordering_after_ts(ts)
-            )
+            stream_ordering = (yield self.store.find_first_stream_ordering_after_ts(ts))
 
             r = (
                 yield self.store.get_room_event_after_stream_ordering(
-                    room_id, stream_ordering,
+                    room_id, stream_ordering
                 )
             )
             if not r:
                 logger.warning(
                     "[purge] purging events not possible: No event found "
                     "(ts %i => stream_ordering %i)",
-                    ts, stream_ordering,
+                    ts,
+                    stream_ordering,
                 )
                 continue
 
@@ -185,13 +182,10 @@ class PaginationHandler(object):
             # the background so that it's not blocking any other operation apart from
             # other purges in the same room.
             run_as_background_process(
-                "_purge_history",
-                self._purge_history,
-                purge_id, room_id, token, True,
+                "_purge_history", self._purge_history, purge_id, room_id, token, True
             )
 
-    def start_purge_history(self, room_id, token,
-                            delete_local_events=False):
+    def start_purge_history(self, room_id, token, delete_local_events=False):
         """Start off a history purge on a room.
 
         Args:
@@ -206,8 +200,7 @@ class PaginationHandler(object):
         """
         if room_id in self._purges_in_progress_by_room:
             raise SynapseError(
-                400,
-                "History purge already in progress for %s" % (room_id, ),
+                400, "History purge already in progress for %s" % (room_id,)
             )
 
         purge_id = random_string(16)
@@ -218,14 +211,12 @@ class PaginationHandler(object):
 
         self._purges_by_id[purge_id] = PurgeStatus()
         run_in_background(
-            self._purge_history,
-            purge_id, room_id, token, delete_local_events,
+            self._purge_history, purge_id, room_id, token, delete_local_events
         )
         return purge_id
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _purge_history(self, purge_id, room_id, token,
-                       delete_local_events):
+    def _purge_history(self, purge_id, room_id, token, delete_local_events):
         """Carry out a history purge on a room.
 
         Args:
@@ -241,16 +232,13 @@ class PaginationHandler(object):
         self._purges_in_progress_by_room.add(room_id)
         try:
             with (yield self.pagination_lock.write(room_id)):
-                yield self.store.purge_history(
-                    room_id, token, delete_local_events,
-                )
+                yield self.store.purge_history(room_id, token, delete_local_events)
             logger.info("[purge] complete")
             self._purges_by_id[purge_id].status = PurgeStatus.STATUS_COMPLETE
         except Exception:
             f = Failure()
             logger.error(
-                "[purge] failed",
-                exc_info=(f.type, f.value, f.getTracebackObject()),
+                "[purge] failed", exc_info=(f.type, f.value, f.getTracebackObject())
             )
             self._purges_by_id[purge_id].status = PurgeStatus.STATUS_FAILED
         finally:
@@ -259,6 +247,7 @@ class PaginationHandler(object):
             # remove the purge from the list 24 hours after it completes
             def clear_purge():
                 del self._purges_by_id[purge_id]
+
             self.hs.get_reactor().callLater(24 * 3600, clear_purge)
 
     def get_purge_status(self, purge_id):
@@ -273,8 +262,14 @@ class PaginationHandler(object):
         return self._purges_by_id.get(purge_id)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_messages(self, requester, room_id=None, pagin_config=None,
-                     as_client_event=True, event_filter=None):
+    def get_messages(
+        self,
+        requester,
+        room_id=None,
+        pagin_config=None,
+        as_client_event=True,
+        event_filter=None,
+    ):
         """Get messages in a room.
 
         Args:
@@ -312,7 +307,7 @@ class PaginationHandler(object):
                 room_id, user_id
             )
 
-            if source_config.direction == 'b':
+            if source_config.direction == "b":
                 # if we're going backwards, we might need to backfill. This
                 # requires that we have a topo token.
                 if room_token.topological:
@@ -346,27 +341,24 @@ class PaginationHandler(object):
                 event_filter=event_filter,
             )
 
-            next_token = pagin_config.from_token.copy_and_replace(
-                "room_key", next_key
-            )
+            next_token = pagin_config.from_token.copy_and_replace("room_key", next_key)
 
         if events:
             if event_filter:
                 events = event_filter.filter(events)
 
             events = yield filter_events_for_client(
-                self.store,
-                user_id,
-                events,
-                is_peeking=(member_event_id is None),
+                self.store, user_id, events, is_peeking=(member_event_id is None)
             )
 
         if not events:
-            defer.returnValue({
-                "chunk": [],
-                "start": pagin_config.from_token.to_string(),
-                "end": next_token.to_string(),
-            })
+            defer.returnValue(
+                {
+                    "chunk": [],
+                    "start": pagin_config.from_token.to_string(),
+                    "end": next_token.to_string(),
+                }
+            )
 
         state = None
         if event_filter and event_filter.lazy_load_members() and len(events) > 0:
@@ -374,12 +366,11 @@ class PaginationHandler(object):
 
             # FIXME: we also care about invite targets etc.
             state_filter = StateFilter.from_types(
-                (EventTypes.Member, event.sender)
-                for event in events
+                (EventTypes.Member, event.sender) for event in events
             )
 
             state_ids = yield self.store.get_state_ids_for_event(
-                events[0].event_id, state_filter=state_filter,
+                events[0].event_id, state_filter=state_filter
             )
 
             if state_ids:
@@ -391,8 +382,7 @@ class PaginationHandler(object):
         chunk = {
             "chunk": (
                 yield self._event_serializer.serialize_events(
-                    events, time_now,
-                    as_client_event=as_client_event,
+                    events, time_now, as_client_event=as_client_event
                 )
             ),
             "start": pagin_config.from_token.to_string(),
@@ -402,8 +392,7 @@ class PaginationHandler(object):
         if state:
             chunk["state"] = (
                 yield self._event_serializer.serialize_events(
-                    state, time_now,
-                    as_client_event=as_client_event,
+                    state, time_now, as_client_event=as_client_event
                 )
             )
 
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/password_policy.py b/synapse/handlers/password_policy.py
index 9994b44455..d06b110269 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/password_policy.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/password_policy.py
@@ -57,8 +57,8 @@ class PasswordPolicyHandler(object):
             )
 
         if (
-            self.policy.get("require_digit", False) and
-            self.regexp_digit.search(password) is None
+            self.policy.get("require_digit", False)
+            and self.regexp_digit.search(password) is None
         ):
             raise PasswordRefusedError(
                 msg="The password must include at least one digit",
@@ -66,8 +66,8 @@ class PasswordPolicyHandler(object):
             )
 
         if (
-            self.policy.get("require_symbol", False) and
-            self.regexp_symbol.search(password) is None
+            self.policy.get("require_symbol", False)
+            and self.regexp_symbol.search(password) is None
         ):
             raise PasswordRefusedError(
                 msg="The password must include at least one symbol",
@@ -75,8 +75,8 @@ class PasswordPolicyHandler(object):
             )
 
         if (
-            self.policy.get("require_uppercase", False) and
-            self.regexp_uppercase.search(password) is None
+            self.policy.get("require_uppercase", False)
+            and self.regexp_uppercase.search(password) is None
         ):
             raise PasswordRefusedError(
                 msg="The password must include at least one uppercase letter",
@@ -84,8 +84,8 @@ class PasswordPolicyHandler(object):
             )
 
         if (
-            self.policy.get("require_lowercase", False) and
-            self.regexp_lowercase.search(password) is None
+            self.policy.get("require_lowercase", False)
+            and self.regexp_lowercase.search(password) is None
         ):
             raise PasswordRefusedError(
                 msg="The password must include at least one lowercase letter",
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/presence.py b/synapse/handlers/presence.py
index 557fb5f83d..5204073a38 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/presence.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/presence.py
@@ -50,16 +50,20 @@ logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 notified_presence_counter = Counter("synapse_handler_presence_notified_presence", "")
 federation_presence_out_counter = Counter(
-    "synapse_handler_presence_federation_presence_out", "")
+    "synapse_handler_presence_federation_presence_out", ""
+)
 presence_updates_counter = Counter("synapse_handler_presence_presence_updates", "")
 timers_fired_counter = Counter("synapse_handler_presence_timers_fired", "")
-federation_presence_counter = Counter("synapse_handler_presence_federation_presence", "")
+federation_presence_counter = Counter(
+    "synapse_handler_presence_federation_presence", ""
+)
 bump_active_time_counter = Counter("synapse_handler_presence_bump_active_time", "")
 
 get_updates_counter = Counter("synapse_handler_presence_get_updates", "", ["type"])
 
 notify_reason_counter = Counter(
-    "synapse_handler_presence_notify_reason", "", ["reason"])
+    "synapse_handler_presence_notify_reason", "", ["reason"]
+)
 state_transition_counter = Counter(
     "synapse_handler_presence_state_transition", "", ["from", "to"]
 )
@@ -90,7 +94,6 @@ assert LAST_ACTIVE_GRANULARITY < IDLE_TIMER
 
 
 class PresenceHandler(object):
-
     def __init__(self, hs):
         """
 
@@ -110,31 +113,26 @@ class PresenceHandler(object):
 
         federation_registry = hs.get_federation_registry()
 
-        federation_registry.register_edu_handler(
-            "m.presence", self.incoming_presence
-        )
+        federation_registry.register_edu_handler("m.presence", self.incoming_presence)
 
         active_presence = self.store.take_presence_startup_info()
 
         # A dictionary of the current state of users. This is prefilled with
         # non-offline presence from the DB. We should fetch from the DB if
         # we can't find a users presence in here.
-        self.user_to_current_state = {
-            state.user_id: state
-            for state in active_presence
-        }
+        self.user_to_current_state = {state.user_id: state for state in active_presence}
 
         LaterGauge(
-            "synapse_handlers_presence_user_to_current_state_size", "", [],
-            lambda: len(self.user_to_current_state)
+            "synapse_handlers_presence_user_to_current_state_size",
+            "",
+            [],
+            lambda: len(self.user_to_current_state),
         )
 
         now = self.clock.time_msec()
         for state in active_presence:
             self.wheel_timer.insert(
-                now=now,
-                obj=state.user_id,
-                then=state.last_active_ts + IDLE_TIMER,
+                now=now, obj=state.user_id, then=state.last_active_ts + IDLE_TIMER
             )
             self.wheel_timer.insert(
                 now=now,
@@ -193,27 +191,21 @@ class PresenceHandler(object):
                 "handle_presence_timeouts", self._handle_timeouts
             )
 
-        self.clock.call_later(
-            30,
-            self.clock.looping_call,
-            run_timeout_handler,
-            5000,
-        )
+        self.clock.call_later(30, self.clock.looping_call, run_timeout_handler, 5000)
 
         def run_persister():
             return run_as_background_process(
                 "persist_presence_changes", self._persist_unpersisted_changes
             )
 
-        self.clock.call_later(
-            60,
-            self.clock.looping_call,
-            run_persister,
-            60 * 1000,
-        )
+        self.clock.call_later(60, self.clock.looping_call, run_persister, 60 * 1000)
 
-        LaterGauge("synapse_handlers_presence_wheel_timer_size", "", [],
-                   lambda: len(self.wheel_timer))
+        LaterGauge(
+            "synapse_handlers_presence_wheel_timer_size",
+            "",
+            [],
+            lambda: len(self.wheel_timer),
+        )
 
         # Used to handle sending of presence to newly joined users/servers
         if hs.config.use_presence:
@@ -241,15 +233,17 @@ class PresenceHandler(object):
 
         logger.info(
             "Performing _on_shutdown. Persisting %d unpersisted changes",
-            len(self.user_to_current_state)
+            len(self.user_to_current_state),
         )
 
         if self.unpersisted_users_changes:
 
-            yield self.store.update_presence([
-                self.user_to_current_state[user_id]
-                for user_id in self.unpersisted_users_changes
-            ])
+            yield self.store.update_presence(
+                [
+                    self.user_to_current_state[user_id]
+                    for user_id in self.unpersisted_users_changes
+                ]
+            )
         logger.info("Finished _on_shutdown")
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -261,13 +255,10 @@ class PresenceHandler(object):
         self.unpersisted_users_changes = set()
 
         if unpersisted:
-            logger.info(
-                "Persisting %d upersisted presence updates", len(unpersisted)
+            logger.info("Persisting %d upersisted presence updates", len(unpersisted))
+            yield self.store.update_presence(
+                [self.user_to_current_state[user_id] for user_id in unpersisted]
             )
-            yield self.store.update_presence([
-                self.user_to_current_state[user_id]
-                for user_id in unpersisted
-            ])
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _update_states(self, new_states):
@@ -303,10 +294,11 @@ class PresenceHandler(object):
                 )
 
                 new_state, should_notify, should_ping = handle_update(
-                    prev_state, new_state,
+                    prev_state,
+                    new_state,
                     is_mine=self.is_mine_id(user_id),
                     wheel_timer=self.wheel_timer,
-                    now=now
+                    now=now,
                 )
 
                 self.user_to_current_state[user_id] = new_state
@@ -328,7 +320,8 @@ class PresenceHandler(object):
             self.unpersisted_users_changes -= set(to_notify.keys())
 
             to_federation_ping = {
-                user_id: state for user_id, state in to_federation_ping.items()
+                user_id: state
+                for user_id, state in to_federation_ping.items()
                 if user_id not in to_notify
             }
             if to_federation_ping:
@@ -351,8 +344,8 @@ class PresenceHandler(object):
         # Check whether the lists of syncing processes from an external
         # process have expired.
         expired_process_ids = [
-            process_id for process_id, last_update
-            in self.external_process_last_updated_ms.items()
+            process_id
+            for process_id, last_update in self.external_process_last_updated_ms.items()
             if now - last_update > EXTERNAL_PROCESS_EXPIRY
         ]
         for process_id in expired_process_ids:
@@ -362,9 +355,7 @@ class PresenceHandler(object):
             self.external_process_last_update.pop(process_id)
 
         states = [
-            self.user_to_current_state.get(
-                user_id, UserPresenceState.default(user_id)
-            )
+            self.user_to_current_state.get(user_id, UserPresenceState.default(user_id))
             for user_id in users_to_check
         ]
 
@@ -394,9 +385,7 @@ class PresenceHandler(object):
 
         prev_state = yield self.current_state_for_user(user_id)
 
-        new_fields = {
-            "last_active_ts": self.clock.time_msec(),
-        }
+        new_fields = {"last_active_ts": self.clock.time_msec()}
         if prev_state.state == PresenceState.UNAVAILABLE:
             new_fields["state"] = PresenceState.ONLINE
 
@@ -430,15 +419,23 @@ class PresenceHandler(object):
             if prev_state.state == PresenceState.OFFLINE:
                 # If they're currently offline then bring them online, otherwise
                 # just update the last sync times.
-                yield self._update_states([prev_state.copy_and_replace(
-                    state=PresenceState.ONLINE,
-                    last_active_ts=self.clock.time_msec(),
-                    last_user_sync_ts=self.clock.time_msec(),
-                )])
+                yield self._update_states(
+                    [
+                        prev_state.copy_and_replace(
+                            state=PresenceState.ONLINE,
+                            last_active_ts=self.clock.time_msec(),
+                            last_user_sync_ts=self.clock.time_msec(),
+                        )
+                    ]
+                )
             else:
-                yield self._update_states([prev_state.copy_and_replace(
-                    last_user_sync_ts=self.clock.time_msec(),
-                )])
+                yield self._update_states(
+                    [
+                        prev_state.copy_and_replace(
+                            last_user_sync_ts=self.clock.time_msec()
+                        )
+                    ]
+                )
 
         @defer.inlineCallbacks
         def _end():
@@ -446,9 +443,13 @@ class PresenceHandler(object):
                 self.user_to_num_current_syncs[user_id] -= 1
 
                 prev_state = yield self.current_state_for_user(user_id)
-                yield self._update_states([prev_state.copy_and_replace(
-                    last_user_sync_ts=self.clock.time_msec(),
-                )])
+                yield self._update_states(
+                    [
+                        prev_state.copy_and_replace(
+                            last_user_sync_ts=self.clock.time_msec()
+                        )
+                    ]
+                )
             except Exception:
                 logger.exception("Error updating presence after sync")
 
@@ -469,7 +470,8 @@ class PresenceHandler(object):
         """
         if self.hs.config.use_presence:
             syncing_user_ids = {
-                user_id for user_id, count in self.user_to_num_current_syncs.items()
+                user_id
+                for user_id, count in self.user_to_num_current_syncs.items()
                 if count
             }
             for user_ids in self.external_process_to_current_syncs.values():
@@ -479,7 +481,9 @@ class PresenceHandler(object):
             return set()
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def update_external_syncs_row(self, process_id, user_id, is_syncing, sync_time_msec):
+    def update_external_syncs_row(
+        self, process_id, user_id, is_syncing, sync_time_msec
+    ):
         """Update the syncing users for an external process as a delta.
 
         Args:
@@ -500,20 +504,22 @@ class PresenceHandler(object):
             updates = []
             if is_syncing and user_id not in process_presence:
                 if prev_state.state == PresenceState.OFFLINE:
-                    updates.append(prev_state.copy_and_replace(
-                        state=PresenceState.ONLINE,
-                        last_active_ts=sync_time_msec,
-                        last_user_sync_ts=sync_time_msec,
-                    ))
+                    updates.append(
+                        prev_state.copy_and_replace(
+                            state=PresenceState.ONLINE,
+                            last_active_ts=sync_time_msec,
+                            last_user_sync_ts=sync_time_msec,
+                        )
+                    )
                 else:
-                    updates.append(prev_state.copy_and_replace(
-                        last_user_sync_ts=sync_time_msec,
-                    ))
+                    updates.append(
+                        prev_state.copy_and_replace(last_user_sync_ts=sync_time_msec)
+                    )
                 process_presence.add(user_id)
             elif user_id in process_presence:
-                updates.append(prev_state.copy_and_replace(
-                    last_user_sync_ts=sync_time_msec,
-                ))
+                updates.append(
+                    prev_state.copy_and_replace(last_user_sync_ts=sync_time_msec)
+                )
 
             if not is_syncing:
                 process_presence.discard(user_id)
@@ -537,12 +543,12 @@ class PresenceHandler(object):
             prev_states = yield self.current_state_for_users(process_presence)
             time_now_ms = self.clock.time_msec()
 
-            yield self._update_states([
-                prev_state.copy_and_replace(
-                    last_user_sync_ts=time_now_ms,
-                )
-                for prev_state in itervalues(prev_states)
-            ])
+            yield self._update_states(
+                [
+                    prev_state.copy_and_replace(last_user_sync_ts=time_now_ms)
+                    for prev_state in itervalues(prev_states)
+                ]
+            )
             self.external_process_last_updated_ms.pop(process_id, None)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -574,8 +580,7 @@ class PresenceHandler(object):
             missing = [user_id for user_id, state in iteritems(states) if not state]
             if missing:
                 new = {
-                    user_id: UserPresenceState.default(user_id)
-                    for user_id in missing
+                    user_id: UserPresenceState.default(user_id) for user_id in missing
                 }
                 states.update(new)
                 self.user_to_current_state.update(new)
@@ -593,8 +598,10 @@ class PresenceHandler(object):
         room_ids_to_states, users_to_states = parties
 
         self.notifier.on_new_event(
-            "presence_key", stream_id, rooms=room_ids_to_states.keys(),
-            users=[UserID.from_string(u) for u in users_to_states]
+            "presence_key",
+            stream_id,
+            rooms=room_ids_to_states.keys(),
+            users=[UserID.from_string(u) for u in users_to_states],
         )
 
         self._push_to_remotes(states)
@@ -605,8 +612,10 @@ class PresenceHandler(object):
         room_ids_to_states, users_to_states = parties
 
         self.notifier.on_new_event(
-            "presence_key", stream_id, rooms=room_ids_to_states.keys(),
-            users=[UserID.from_string(u) for u in users_to_states]
+            "presence_key",
+            stream_id,
+            rooms=room_ids_to_states.keys(),
+            users=[UserID.from_string(u) for u in users_to_states],
         )
 
     def _push_to_remotes(self, states):
@@ -631,15 +640,15 @@ class PresenceHandler(object):
             user_id = push.get("user_id", None)
             if not user_id:
                 logger.info(
-                    "Got presence update from %r with no 'user_id': %r",
-                    origin, push,
+                    "Got presence update from %r with no 'user_id': %r", origin, push
                 )
                 continue
 
             if get_domain_from_id(user_id) != origin:
                 logger.info(
                     "Got presence update from %r with bad 'user_id': %r",
-                    origin, user_id,
+                    origin,
+                    user_id,
                 )
                 continue
 
@@ -647,14 +656,12 @@ class PresenceHandler(object):
             if not presence_state:
                 logger.info(
                     "Got presence update from %r with no 'presence_state': %r",
-                    origin, push,
+                    origin,
+                    push,
                 )
                 continue
 
-            new_fields = {
-                "state": presence_state,
-                "last_federation_update_ts": now,
-            }
+            new_fields = {"state": presence_state, "last_federation_update_ts": now}
 
             last_active_ago = push.get("last_active_ago", None)
             if last_active_ago is not None:
@@ -672,10 +679,7 @@ class PresenceHandler(object):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_state(self, target_user, as_event=False):
-        results = yield self.get_states(
-            [target_user.to_string()],
-            as_event=as_event,
-        )
+        results = yield self.get_states([target_user.to_string()], as_event=as_event)
 
         defer.returnValue(results[0])
 
@@ -699,13 +703,15 @@ class PresenceHandler(object):
 
         now = self.clock.time_msec()
         if as_event:
-            defer.returnValue([
-                {
-                    "type": "m.presence",
-                    "content": format_user_presence_state(state, now),
-                }
-                for state in updates
-            ])
+            defer.returnValue(
+                [
+                    {
+                        "type": "m.presence",
+                        "content": format_user_presence_state(state, now),
+                    }
+                    for state in updates
+                ]
+            )
         else:
             defer.returnValue(updates)
 
@@ -717,7 +723,9 @@ class PresenceHandler(object):
         presence = state["presence"]
 
         valid_presence = (
-            PresenceState.ONLINE, PresenceState.UNAVAILABLE, PresenceState.OFFLINE
+            PresenceState.ONLINE,
+            PresenceState.UNAVAILABLE,
+            PresenceState.OFFLINE,
         )
         if presence not in valid_presence:
             raise SynapseError(400, "Invalid presence state")
@@ -726,9 +734,7 @@ class PresenceHandler(object):
 
         prev_state = yield self.current_state_for_user(user_id)
 
-        new_fields = {
-            "state": presence
-        }
+        new_fields = {"state": presence}
 
         if not ignore_status_msg:
             msg = status_msg if presence != PresenceState.OFFLINE else None
@@ -877,8 +883,7 @@ class PresenceHandler(object):
             hosts = set(host for host in hosts if host != self.server_name)
 
             self.federation.send_presence_to_destinations(
-                states=[state],
-                destinations=hosts,
+                states=[state], destinations=hosts
             )
         else:
             # A remote user has joined the room, so we need to:
@@ -904,7 +909,8 @@ class PresenceHandler(object):
             # default state.
             now = self.clock.time_msec()
             states = [
-                state for state in states.values()
+                state
+                for state in states.values()
                 if state.state != PresenceState.OFFLINE
                 or now - state.last_active_ts < 7 * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000
                 or state.status_msg is not None
@@ -912,8 +918,7 @@ class PresenceHandler(object):
 
             if states:
                 self.federation.send_presence_to_destinations(
-                    states=states,
-                    destinations=[get_domain_from_id(user_id)],
+                    states=states, destinations=[get_domain_from_id(user_id)]
                 )
 
 
@@ -937,7 +942,10 @@ def should_notify(old_state, new_state):
             notify_reason_counter.labels("current_active_change").inc()
             return True
 
-        if new_state.last_active_ts - old_state.last_active_ts > LAST_ACTIVE_GRANULARITY:
+        if (
+            new_state.last_active_ts - old_state.last_active_ts
+            > LAST_ACTIVE_GRANULARITY
+        ):
             # Only notify about last active bumps if we're not currently acive
             if not new_state.currently_active:
                 notify_reason_counter.labels("last_active_change_online").inc()
@@ -958,9 +966,7 @@ def format_user_presence_state(state, now, include_user_id=True):
     The "user_id" is optional so that this function can be used to format presence
     updates for client /sync responses and for federation /send requests.
     """
-    content = {
-        "presence": state.state,
-    }
+    content = {"presence": state.state}
     if include_user_id:
         content["user_id"] = state.user_id
     if state.last_active_ts:
@@ -986,8 +992,15 @@ class PresenceEventSource(object):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     @log_function
-    def get_new_events(self, user, from_key, room_ids=None, include_offline=True,
-                       explicit_room_id=None, **kwargs):
+    def get_new_events(
+        self,
+        user,
+        from_key,
+        room_ids=None,
+        include_offline=True,
+        explicit_room_id=None,
+        **kwargs
+    ):
         # The process for getting presence events are:
         #  1. Get the rooms the user is in.
         #  2. Get the list of user in the rooms.
@@ -1030,7 +1043,7 @@ class PresenceEventSource(object):
 
                 if from_key:
                     user_ids_changed = stream_change_cache.get_entities_changed(
-                        users_interested_in, from_key,
+                        users_interested_in, from_key
                     )
                 else:
                     user_ids_changed = users_interested_in
@@ -1040,10 +1053,16 @@ class PresenceEventSource(object):
         if include_offline:
             defer.returnValue((list(updates.values()), max_token))
         else:
-            defer.returnValue(([
-                s for s in itervalues(updates)
-                if s.state != PresenceState.OFFLINE
-            ], max_token))
+            defer.returnValue(
+                (
+                    [
+                        s
+                        for s in itervalues(updates)
+                        if s.state != PresenceState.OFFLINE
+                    ],
+                    max_token,
+                )
+            )
 
     def get_current_key(self):
         return self.store.get_current_presence_token()
@@ -1061,13 +1080,13 @@ class PresenceEventSource(object):
         users_interested_in.add(user_id)  # So that we receive our own presence
 
         users_who_share_room = yield self.store.get_users_who_share_room_with_user(
-            user_id, on_invalidate=cache_context.invalidate,
+            user_id, on_invalidate=cache_context.invalidate
         )
         users_interested_in.update(users_who_share_room)
 
         if explicit_room_id:
             user_ids = yield self.store.get_users_in_room(
-                explicit_room_id, on_invalidate=cache_context.invalidate,
+                explicit_room_id, on_invalidate=cache_context.invalidate
             )
             users_interested_in.update(user_ids)
 
@@ -1123,9 +1142,7 @@ def handle_timeout(state, is_mine, syncing_user_ids, now):
             if now - state.last_active_ts > IDLE_TIMER:
                 # Currently online, but last activity ages ago so auto
                 # idle
-                state = state.copy_and_replace(
-                    state=PresenceState.UNAVAILABLE,
-                )
+                state = state.copy_and_replace(state=PresenceState.UNAVAILABLE)
                 changed = True
             elif now - state.last_active_ts > LAST_ACTIVE_GRANULARITY:
                 # So that we send down a notification that we've
@@ -1145,8 +1162,7 @@ def handle_timeout(state, is_mine, syncing_user_ids, now):
             sync_or_active = max(state.last_user_sync_ts, state.last_active_ts)
             if now - sync_or_active > SYNC_ONLINE_TIMEOUT:
                 state = state.copy_and_replace(
-                    state=PresenceState.OFFLINE,
-                    status_msg=None,
+                    state=PresenceState.OFFLINE, status_msg=None
                 )
                 changed = True
     else:
@@ -1155,10 +1171,7 @@ def handle_timeout(state, is_mine, syncing_user_ids, now):
         # no one gets stuck online forever.
         if now - state.last_federation_update_ts > FEDERATION_TIMEOUT:
             # The other side seems to have disappeared.
-            state = state.copy_and_replace(
-                state=PresenceState.OFFLINE,
-                status_msg=None,
-            )
+            state = state.copy_and_replace(state=PresenceState.OFFLINE, status_msg=None)
             changed = True
 
     return state if changed else None
@@ -1193,21 +1206,17 @@ def handle_update(prev_state, new_state, is_mine, wheel_timer, now):
         if new_state.state == PresenceState.ONLINE:
             # Idle timer
             wheel_timer.insert(
-                now=now,
-                obj=user_id,
-                then=new_state.last_active_ts + IDLE_TIMER
+                now=now, obj=user_id, then=new_state.last_active_ts + IDLE_TIMER
             )
 
             active = now - new_state.last_active_ts < LAST_ACTIVE_GRANULARITY
-            new_state = new_state.copy_and_replace(
-                currently_active=active,
-            )
+            new_state = new_state.copy_and_replace(currently_active=active)
 
             if active:
                 wheel_timer.insert(
                     now=now,
                     obj=user_id,
-                    then=new_state.last_active_ts + LAST_ACTIVE_GRANULARITY
+                    then=new_state.last_active_ts + LAST_ACTIVE_GRANULARITY,
                 )
 
         if new_state.state != PresenceState.OFFLINE:
@@ -1215,29 +1224,25 @@ def handle_update(prev_state, new_state, is_mine, wheel_timer, now):
             wheel_timer.insert(
                 now=now,
                 obj=user_id,
-                then=new_state.last_user_sync_ts + SYNC_ONLINE_TIMEOUT
+                then=new_state.last_user_sync_ts + SYNC_ONLINE_TIMEOUT,
             )
 
             last_federate = new_state.last_federation_update_ts
             if now - last_federate > FEDERATION_PING_INTERVAL:
                 # Been a while since we've poked remote servers
-                new_state = new_state.copy_and_replace(
-                    last_federation_update_ts=now,
-                )
+                new_state = new_state.copy_and_replace(last_federation_update_ts=now)
                 federation_ping = True
 
     else:
         wheel_timer.insert(
             now=now,
             obj=user_id,
-            then=new_state.last_federation_update_ts + FEDERATION_TIMEOUT
+            then=new_state.last_federation_update_ts + FEDERATION_TIMEOUT,
         )
 
     # Check whether the change was something worth notifying about
     if should_notify(prev_state, new_state):
-        new_state = new_state.copy_and_replace(
-            last_federation_update_ts=now,
-        )
+        new_state = new_state.copy_and_replace(last_federation_update_ts=now)
         persist_and_notify = True
 
     return new_state, persist_and_notify, federation_ping
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/profile.py b/synapse/handlers/profile.py
index f40929e877..36d7ac2741 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/profile.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/profile.py
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ class BaseProfileHandler(BaseHandler):
 
         if hs.config.worker_app is None:
             self.clock.looping_call(
-                self._start_update_remote_profile_cache, self.PROFILE_UPDATE_MS,
+                self._start_update_remote_profile_cache, self.PROFILE_UPDATE_MS
             )
 
             if len(self.hs.config.replicate_user_profiles_to) > 0:
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ class BaseProfileHandler(BaseHandler):
                     yield self._replicate_host_profile_batch(repl_host, i)
             except Exception:
                 logger.exception(
-                    "Exception while replicating to %s: aborting for now", repl_host,
+                    "Exception while replicating to %s: aborting for now", repl_host
                 )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -123,18 +123,16 @@ class BaseProfileHandler(BaseHandler):
         logger.info("Replicating profile batch %d to %s", batchnum, host)
         batch_rows = yield self.store.get_profile_batch(batchnum)
         batch = {
-            UserID(r["user_id"], self.hs.hostname).to_string(): ({
-                "display_name": r["displayname"],
-                "avatar_url": r["avatar_url"],
-            } if r["active"] else None) for r in batch_rows
+            UserID(r["user_id"], self.hs.hostname).to_string(): (
+                {"display_name": r["displayname"], "avatar_url": r["avatar_url"]}
+                if r["active"]
+                else None
+            )
+            for r in batch_rows
         }
 
         url = "https://%s/_matrix/identity/api/v1/replicate_profiles" % (host,)
-        body = {
-            "batchnum": batchnum,
-            "batch": batch,
-            "origin_server": self.hs.hostname,
-        }
+        body = {"batchnum": batchnum, "batch": batch, "origin_server": self.hs.hostname}
         signed_body = sign_json(body, self.hs.hostname, self.hs.config.signing_key[0])
         try:
             yield self.http_client.post_json_get_json(url, signed_body)
@@ -142,7 +140,9 @@ class BaseProfileHandler(BaseHandler):
             logger.info("Sucessfully replicated profile batch %d to %s", batchnum, host)
         except Exception:
             # This will get retried when the looping call next comes around
-            logger.exception("Failed to replicate profile batch %d to %s", batchnum, host)
+            logger.exception(
+                "Failed to replicate profile batch %d to %s", batchnum, host
+            )
             raise
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -162,18 +162,13 @@ class BaseProfileHandler(BaseHandler):
                     raise SynapseError(404, "Profile was not found", Codes.NOT_FOUND)
                 raise
 
-            defer.returnValue({
-                "displayname": displayname,
-                "avatar_url": avatar_url,
-            })
+            defer.returnValue({"displayname": displayname, "avatar_url": avatar_url})
         else:
             try:
                 result = yield self.federation.make_query(
                     destination=target_user.domain,
                     query_type="profile",
-                    args={
-                        "user_id": user_id,
-                    },
+                    args={"user_id": user_id},
                     ignore_backoff=True,
                 )
                 defer.returnValue(result)
@@ -202,10 +197,7 @@ class BaseProfileHandler(BaseHandler):
                     raise SynapseError(404, "Profile was not found", Codes.NOT_FOUND)
                 raise
 
-            defer.returnValue({
-                "displayname": displayname,
-                "avatar_url": avatar_url,
-            })
+            defer.returnValue({"displayname": displayname, "avatar_url": avatar_url})
         else:
             profile = yield self.store.get_from_remote_profile_cache(user_id)
             defer.returnValue(profile or {})
@@ -228,10 +220,7 @@ class BaseProfileHandler(BaseHandler):
                 result = yield self.federation.make_query(
                     destination=target_user.domain,
                     query_type="profile",
-                    args={
-                        "user_id": target_user.to_string(),
-                        "field": "displayname",
-                    },
+                    args={"user_id": target_user.to_string(), "field": "displayname"},
                     ignore_backoff=True,
                 )
             except RequestSendFailed as e:
@@ -260,18 +249,22 @@ class BaseProfileHandler(BaseHandler):
         if not by_admin and self.hs.config.disable_set_displayname:
             profile = yield self.store.get_profileinfo(target_user.localpart)
             if profile.display_name:
-                raise SynapseError(400, "Changing displayname is disabled on this server")
+                raise SynapseError(
+                    400, "Changing displayname is disabled on this server"
+                )
 
         if len(new_displayname) > MAX_DISPLAYNAME_LEN:
             raise SynapseError(
-                400, "Displayname is too long (max %i)" % (MAX_DISPLAYNAME_LEN, ),
+                400, "Displayname is too long (max %i)" % (MAX_DISPLAYNAME_LEN,)
             )
 
-        if new_displayname == '':
+        if new_displayname == "":
             new_displayname = None
 
         if len(self.hs.config.replicate_user_profiles_to) > 0:
-            cur_batchnum = yield self.store.get_latest_profile_replication_batch_number()
+            cur_batchnum = (
+                yield self.store.get_latest_profile_replication_batch_number()
+            )
             new_batchnum = 0 if cur_batchnum is None else cur_batchnum + 1
         else:
             new_batchnum = None
@@ -307,7 +300,9 @@ class BaseProfileHandler(BaseHandler):
         where we've already done these checks anyway.
         """
         if len(self.hs.config.replicate_user_profiles_to) > 0:
-            cur_batchnum = yield self.store.get_latest_profile_replication_batch_number()
+            cur_batchnum = (
+                yield self.store.get_latest_profile_replication_batch_number()
+            )
             new_batchnum = 0 if cur_batchnum is None else cur_batchnum + 1
         else:
             new_batchnum = None
@@ -335,10 +330,7 @@ class BaseProfileHandler(BaseHandler):
                 result = yield self.federation.make_query(
                     destination=target_user.domain,
                     query_type="profile",
-                    args={
-                        "user_id": target_user.to_string(),
-                        "field": "avatar_url",
-                    },
+                    args={"user_id": target_user.to_string(), "field": "avatar_url"},
                     ignore_backoff=True,
                 )
             except RequestSendFailed as e:
@@ -361,17 +353,21 @@ class BaseProfileHandler(BaseHandler):
         if not by_admin and self.hs.config.disable_set_avatar_url:
             profile = yield self.store.get_profileinfo(target_user.localpart)
             if profile.avatar_url:
-                raise SynapseError(400, "Changing avatar url is disabled on this server")
+                raise SynapseError(
+                    400, "Changing avatar url is disabled on this server"
+                )
 
         if len(self.hs.config.replicate_user_profiles_to) > 0:
-            cur_batchnum = yield self.store.get_latest_profile_replication_batch_number()
+            cur_batchnum = (
+                yield self.store.get_latest_profile_replication_batch_number()
+            )
             new_batchnum = 0 if cur_batchnum is None else cur_batchnum + 1
         else:
             new_batchnum = None
 
         if len(new_avatar_url) > MAX_AVATAR_URL_LEN:
             raise SynapseError(
-                400, "Avatar URL is too long (max %i)" % (MAX_AVATAR_URL_LEN, ),
+                400, "Avatar URL is too long (max %i)" % (MAX_AVATAR_URL_LEN,)
             )
 
         # Enforce a max avatar size if one is defined
@@ -389,8 +385,10 @@ class BaseProfileHandler(BaseHandler):
             media_size = media_info["media_length"]
             if self.max_avatar_size and media_size > self.max_avatar_size:
                 raise SynapseError(
-                    400, "Avatars must be less than %s bytes in size" %
-                    (self.max_avatar_size,), errcode=Codes.TOO_LARGE,
+                    400,
+                    "Avatars must be less than %s bytes in size"
+                    % (self.max_avatar_size,),
+                    errcode=Codes.TOO_LARGE,
                 )
 
             # Ensure the avatar's file type is allowed
@@ -399,12 +397,11 @@ class BaseProfileHandler(BaseHandler):
                 and media_info["media_type"] not in self.allowed_avatar_mimetypes
             ):
                 raise SynapseError(
-                    400, "Avatar file type '%s' not allowed" %
-                    media_info["media_type"],
+                    400, "Avatar file type '%s' not allowed" % media_info["media_type"]
                 )
 
         yield self.store.set_profile_avatar_url(
-            target_user.localpart, new_avatar_url, new_batchnum,
+            target_user.localpart, new_avatar_url, new_batchnum
         )
 
         if self.hs.config.user_directory_search_all_users:
@@ -465,9 +462,7 @@ class BaseProfileHandler(BaseHandler):
 
         yield self.ratelimit(requester)
 
-        room_ids = yield self.store.get_rooms_for_user(
-            target_user.to_string(),
-        )
+        room_ids = yield self.store.get_rooms_for_user(target_user.to_string())
 
         for room_id in room_ids:
             handler = self.hs.get_room_member_handler()
@@ -483,8 +478,7 @@ class BaseProfileHandler(BaseHandler):
                 )
             except Exception as e:
                 logger.warn(
-                    "Failed to update join event for room %s - %s",
-                    room_id, str(e)
+                    "Failed to update join event for room %s - %s", room_id, str(e)
                 )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -516,11 +510,9 @@ class BaseProfileHandler(BaseHandler):
             return
 
         try:
-            requester_rooms = yield self.store.get_rooms_for_user(
-                requester.to_string()
-            )
+            requester_rooms = yield self.store.get_rooms_for_user(requester.to_string())
             target_user_rooms = yield self.store.get_rooms_for_user(
-                target_user.to_string(),
+                target_user.to_string()
             )
 
             # Check if the room lists have no elements in common.
@@ -544,12 +536,12 @@ class MasterProfileHandler(BaseProfileHandler):
         assert hs.config.worker_app is None
 
         self.clock.looping_call(
-            self._start_update_remote_profile_cache, self.PROFILE_UPDATE_MS,
+            self._start_update_remote_profile_cache, self.PROFILE_UPDATE_MS
         )
 
     def _start_update_remote_profile_cache(self):
         return run_as_background_process(
-            "Update remote profile", self._update_remote_profile_cache,
+            "Update remote profile", self._update_remote_profile_cache
         )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -563,7 +555,7 @@ class MasterProfileHandler(BaseProfileHandler):
 
         for user_id, displayname, avatar_url in entries:
             is_subscribed = yield self.store.is_subscribed_remote_profile_for_user(
-                user_id,
+                user_id
             )
             if not is_subscribed:
                 yield self.store.maybe_delete_remote_profile_cache(user_id)
@@ -573,9 +565,7 @@ class MasterProfileHandler(BaseProfileHandler):
                 profile = yield self.federation.make_query(
                     destination=get_domain_from_id(user_id),
                     query_type="profile",
-                    args={
-                        "user_id": user_id,
-                    },
+                    args={"user_id": user_id},
                     ignore_backoff=True,
                 )
             except Exception:
@@ -590,6 +580,4 @@ class MasterProfileHandler(BaseProfileHandler):
             new_avatar = profile.get("avatar_url")
 
             # We always hit update to update the last_check timestamp
-            yield self.store.update_remote_profile_cache(
-                user_id, new_name, new_avatar
-            )
+            yield self.store.update_remote_profile_cache(user_id, new_name, new_avatar)
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/read_marker.py b/synapse/handlers/read_marker.py
index 32108568c6..3e4d8c93a4 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/read_marker.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/read_marker.py
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ class ReadMarkerHandler(BaseHandler):
 
         with (yield self.read_marker_linearizer.queue((room_id, user_id))):
             existing_read_marker = yield self.store.get_account_data_for_room_and_type(
-                user_id, room_id, "m.fully_read",
+                user_id, room_id, "m.fully_read"
             )
 
             should_update = True
@@ -51,14 +51,11 @@ class ReadMarkerHandler(BaseHandler):
             if existing_read_marker:
                 # Only update if the new marker is ahead in the stream
                 should_update = yield self.store.is_event_after(
-                    event_id,
-                    existing_read_marker['event_id']
+                    event_id, existing_read_marker["event_id"]
                 )
 
             if should_update:
-                content = {
-                    "event_id": event_id
-                }
+                content = {"event_id": event_id}
                 max_id = yield self.store.add_account_data_to_room(
                     user_id, room_id, "m.fully_read", content
                 )
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/receipts.py b/synapse/handlers/receipts.py
index 274d2946ad..a85dd8cdee 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/receipts.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/receipts.py
@@ -88,19 +88,16 @@ class ReceiptsHandler(BaseHandler):
 
         affected_room_ids = list(set([r.room_id for r in receipts]))
 
-        self.notifier.on_new_event(
-            "receipt_key", max_batch_id, rooms=affected_room_ids
-        )
+        self.notifier.on_new_event("receipt_key", max_batch_id, rooms=affected_room_ids)
         # Note that the min here shouldn't be relied upon to be accurate.
         yield self.hs.get_pusherpool().on_new_receipts(
-            min_batch_id, max_batch_id, affected_room_ids,
+            min_batch_id, max_batch_id, affected_room_ids
         )
 
         defer.returnValue(True)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def received_client_receipt(self, room_id, receipt_type, user_id,
-                                event_id):
+    def received_client_receipt(self, room_id, receipt_type, user_id, event_id):
         """Called when a client tells us a local user has read up to the given
         event_id in the room.
         """
@@ -109,9 +106,7 @@ class ReceiptsHandler(BaseHandler):
             receipt_type=receipt_type,
             user_id=user_id,
             event_ids=[event_id],
-            data={
-                "ts": int(self.clock.time_msec()),
-            },
+            data={"ts": int(self.clock.time_msec())},
         )
 
         is_new = yield self._handle_new_receipts([receipt])
@@ -125,8 +120,7 @@ class ReceiptsHandler(BaseHandler):
         """Gets all receipts for a room, upto the given key.
         """
         result = yield self.store.get_linearized_receipts_for_room(
-            room_id,
-            to_key=to_key,
+            room_id, to_key=to_key
         )
 
         if not result:
@@ -148,14 +142,12 @@ class ReceiptEventSource(object):
             defer.returnValue(([], to_key))
 
         events = yield self.store.get_linearized_receipts_for_rooms(
-            room_ids,
-            from_key=from_key,
-            to_key=to_key,
+            room_ids, from_key=from_key, to_key=to_key
         )
 
         defer.returnValue((events, to_key))
 
-    def get_current_key(self, direction='f'):
+    def get_current_key(self, direction="f"):
         return self.store.get_max_receipt_stream_id()
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -169,9 +161,7 @@ class ReceiptEventSource(object):
 
         room_ids = yield self.store.get_rooms_for_user(user.to_string())
         events = yield self.store.get_linearized_receipts_for_rooms(
-            room_ids,
-            from_key=from_key,
-            to_key=to_key,
+            room_ids, from_key=from_key, to_key=to_key
         )
 
         defer.returnValue((events, to_key))
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/register.py b/synapse/handlers/register.py
index 7747964352..16427277d9 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/register.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/register.py
@@ -47,7 +47,6 @@ logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
 class RegistrationHandler(BaseHandler):
-
     def __init__(self, hs):
         """
 
@@ -70,7 +69,7 @@ class RegistrationHandler(BaseHandler):
         self.macaroon_gen = hs.get_macaroon_generator()
 
         self._generate_user_id_linearizer = Linearizer(
-            name="_generate_user_id_linearizer",
+            name="_generate_user_id_linearizer"
         )
         self._server_notices_mxid = hs.config.server_notices_mxid
 
@@ -78,38 +77,31 @@ class RegistrationHandler(BaseHandler):
 
         if hs.config.worker_app:
             self._register_client = ReplicationRegisterServlet.make_client(hs)
-            self._register_device_client = (
-                RegisterDeviceReplicationServlet.make_client(hs)
+            self._register_device_client = RegisterDeviceReplicationServlet.make_client(
+                hs
             )
-            self._post_registration_client = (
-                ReplicationPostRegisterActionsServlet.make_client(hs)
+            self._post_registration_client = ReplicationPostRegisterActionsServlet.make_client(
+                hs
             )
         else:
             self.device_handler = hs.get_device_handler()
             self.pusher_pool = hs.get_pusherpool()
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def check_username(self, localpart, guest_access_token=None,
-                       assigned_user_id=None):
+    def check_username(self, localpart, guest_access_token=None, assigned_user_id=None):
         if types.contains_invalid_mxid_characters(localpart):
             raise SynapseError(
                 400,
                 "User ID can only contain characters a-z, 0-9, or '=_-./'",
-                Codes.INVALID_USERNAME
+                Codes.INVALID_USERNAME,
             )
 
         if not localpart:
-            raise SynapseError(
-                400,
-                "User ID cannot be empty",
-                Codes.INVALID_USERNAME
-            )
+            raise SynapseError(400, "User ID cannot be empty", Codes.INVALID_USERNAME)
 
-        if localpart[0] == '_':
+        if localpart[0] == "_":
             raise SynapseError(
-                400,
-                "User ID may not begin with _",
-                Codes.INVALID_USERNAME
+                400, "User ID may not begin with _", Codes.INVALID_USERNAME
             )
 
         user = UserID(localpart, self.hs.hostname)
@@ -129,19 +121,15 @@ class RegistrationHandler(BaseHandler):
         if len(user_id) > MAX_USERID_LENGTH:
             raise SynapseError(
                 400,
-                "User ID may not be longer than %s characters" % (
-                    MAX_USERID_LENGTH,
-                ),
-                Codes.INVALID_USERNAME
+                "User ID may not be longer than %s characters" % (MAX_USERID_LENGTH,),
+                Codes.INVALID_USERNAME,
             )
 
         users = yield self.store.get_users_by_id_case_insensitive(user_id)
         if users:
             if not guest_access_token:
                 raise SynapseError(
-                    400,
-                    "User ID already taken.",
-                    errcode=Codes.USER_IN_USE,
+                    400, "User ID already taken.", errcode=Codes.USER_IN_USE
                 )
             user_data = yield self.auth.get_user_by_access_token(guest_access_token)
             if not user_data["is_guest"] or user_data["user"].localpart != localpart:
@@ -206,8 +194,7 @@ class RegistrationHandler(BaseHandler):
                 try:
                     int(localpart)
                     raise RegistrationError(
-                        400,
-                        "Numeric user IDs are reserved for guest users."
+                        400, "Numeric user IDs are reserved for guest users."
                     )
                 except ValueError:
                     pass
@@ -239,7 +226,7 @@ class RegistrationHandler(BaseHandler):
 
             if default_display_name:
                 yield self.profile_handler.set_displayname(
-                    user, None, default_display_name, by_admin=True,
+                    user, None, default_display_name, by_admin=True
                 )
 
             if self.hs.config.user_directory_search_all_users:
@@ -273,7 +260,7 @@ class RegistrationHandler(BaseHandler):
                     )
 
                     yield self.profile_handler.set_displayname(
-                        user, None, default_display_name, by_admin=True,
+                        user, None, default_display_name, by_admin=True
                     )
 
                 except SynapseError:
@@ -296,15 +283,13 @@ class RegistrationHandler(BaseHandler):
             }
 
             # Bind email to new account
-            yield self._register_email_threepid(
-                user_id, threepid_dict, None, False,
-            )
+            yield self._register_email_threepid(user_id, threepid_dict, None, False)
 
         # Prevent the new user from showing up in the user directory if the server
         # mandates it.
         if not self._show_in_user_directory:
             yield self.store.add_account_data_for_user(
-                user_id, "im.vector.hide_profile", {'hide_profile': True},
+                user_id, "im.vector.hide_profile", {"hide_profile": True}
             )
             yield self.profile_handler.set_active(user, False, True)
 
@@ -339,8 +324,8 @@ class RegistrationHandler(BaseHandler):
                     room_alias = RoomAlias.from_string(r)
                     if self.hs.hostname != room_alias.domain:
                         logger.warning(
-                            'Cannot create room alias %s, '
-                            'it does not match server domain',
+                            "Cannot create room alias %s, "
+                            "it does not match server domain",
                             r,
                         )
                     else:
@@ -353,7 +338,7 @@ class RegistrationHandler(BaseHandler):
                             fake_requester,
                             config={
                                 "preset": "public_chat",
-                                "room_alias_name": room_alias_localpart
+                                "room_alias_name": room_alias_localpart,
                             },
                             ratelimit=False,
                         )
@@ -387,8 +372,9 @@ class RegistrationHandler(BaseHandler):
             raise AuthError(403, "Invalid application service token.")
         if not service.is_interested_in_user(user_id):
             raise SynapseError(
-                400, "Invalid user localpart for this application service.",
-                errcode=Codes.EXCLUSIVE
+                400,
+                "Invalid user localpart for this application service.",
+                errcode=Codes.EXCLUSIVE,
             )
 
         service_id = service.id if service.is_exclusive_user(user_id) else None
@@ -411,7 +397,7 @@ class RegistrationHandler(BaseHandler):
         )
 
         yield self.profile_handler.set_displayname(
-            user, None, display_name, by_admin=True,
+            user, None, display_name, by_admin=True
         )
 
         if self.hs.config.user_directory_search_all_users:
@@ -431,17 +417,15 @@ class RegistrationHandler(BaseHandler):
         """
 
         captcha_response = yield self._validate_captcha(
-            ip,
-            private_key,
-            challenge,
-            response
+            ip, private_key, challenge, response
         )
         if not captcha_response["valid"]:
-            logger.info("Invalid captcha entered from %s. Error: %s",
-                        ip, captcha_response["error_url"])
-            raise InvalidCaptchaError(
-                error_url=captcha_response["error_url"]
+            logger.info(
+                "Invalid captcha entered from %s. Error: %s",
+                ip,
+                captcha_response["error_url"],
             )
+            raise InvalidCaptchaError(error_url=captcha_response["error_url"])
         else:
             logger.info("Valid captcha entered from %s", ip)
 
@@ -452,8 +436,7 @@ class RegistrationHandler(BaseHandler):
         """
         if types.contains_invalid_mxid_characters(localpart):
             raise SynapseError(
-                400,
-                "User ID can only contain characters a-z, 0-9, or '=_-./'",
+                400, "User ID can only contain characters a-z, 0-9, or '=_-./'"
             )
         yield self.auth.check_auth_blocking()
         user = UserID(localpart, self.hs.hostname)
@@ -470,7 +453,7 @@ class RegistrationHandler(BaseHandler):
             )
 
             yield self.profile_handler.set_displayname(
-                user, None, user.localpart, by_admin=True,
+                user, None, user.localpart, by_admin=True
             )
         except Exception as e:
             yield self.store.add_access_token_to_user(user_id, token)
@@ -487,8 +470,11 @@ class RegistrationHandler(BaseHandler):
         """
 
         for c in threepidCreds:
-            logger.info("validating threepidcred sid %s on id server %s",
-                        c['sid'], c['idServer'])
+            logger.info(
+                "validating threepidcred sid %s on id server %s",
+                c["sid"],
+                c["idServer"],
+            )
             try:
                 threepid = yield self.identity_handler.threepid_from_creds(c)
             except Exception:
@@ -497,15 +483,18 @@ class RegistrationHandler(BaseHandler):
 
             if not threepid:
                 raise RegistrationError(400, "Couldn't validate 3pid")
-            logger.info("got threepid with medium '%s' and address '%s'",
-                        threepid['medium'], threepid['address'])
+            logger.info(
+                "got threepid with medium '%s' and address '%s'",
+                threepid["medium"],
+                threepid["address"],
+            )
 
             if not (
-                yield check_3pid_allowed(self.hs, threepid['medium'], threepid['address'])
-            ):
-                raise RegistrationError(
-                    403, "Third party identifier is not allowed"
+                yield check_3pid_allowed(
+                    self.hs, threepid["medium"], threepid["address"]
                 )
+            ):
+                raise RegistrationError(403, "Third party identifier is not allowed")
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def bind_emails(self, user_id, threepidCreds):
@@ -524,23 +513,23 @@ class RegistrationHandler(BaseHandler):
         if self._server_notices_mxid is not None:
             if user_id == self._server_notices_mxid:
                 raise SynapseError(
-                    400, "This user ID is reserved.",
-                    errcode=Codes.EXCLUSIVE
+                    400, "This user ID is reserved.", errcode=Codes.EXCLUSIVE
                 )
 
         # valid user IDs must not clash with any user ID namespaces claimed by
         # application services.
         services = self.store.get_app_services()
         interested_services = [
-            s for s in services
-            if s.is_interested_in_user(user_id)
-            and s != allowed_appservice
+            s
+            for s in services
+            if s.is_interested_in_user(user_id) and s != allowed_appservice
         ]
         for service in interested_services:
             if service.is_exclusive_user(user_id):
                 raise SynapseError(
-                    400, "This user ID is reserved by an application service.",
-                    errcode=Codes.EXCLUSIVE
+                    400,
+                    "This user ID is reserved by an application service.",
+                    errcode=Codes.EXCLUSIVE,
                 )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -556,24 +545,24 @@ class RegistrationHandler(BaseHandler):
         as_token = self.hs.config.shadow_server.get("as_token")
 
         yield self.http_client.post_json_get_json(
-            "%s/_matrix/client/r0/register?access_token=%s" % (
-                shadow_hs_url, as_token,
-            ),
+            "%s/_matrix/client/r0/register?access_token=%s" % (shadow_hs_url, as_token),
             {
                 # XXX: auth_result is an unspecified extension for shadow registration
-                'auth_result': auth_result,
+                "auth_result": auth_result,
                 # XXX: another unspecified extension for shadow registration to ensure
                 # that the displayname is correctly set by the masters erver
-                'display_name': display_name,
-                'username': localpart,
-                'password': params.get("password"),
-                'bind_email': params.get("bind_email"),
-                'bind_msisdn': params.get("bind_msisdn"),
-                'device_id': params.get("device_id"),
-                'initial_device_display_name': params.get("initial_device_display_name"),
-                'inhibit_login': False,
-                'access_token': as_token,
-            }
+                "display_name": display_name,
+                "username": localpart,
+                "password": params.get("password"),
+                "bind_email": params.get("bind_email"),
+                "bind_msisdn": params.get("bind_msisdn"),
+                "device_id": params.get("device_id"),
+                "initial_device_display_name": params.get(
+                    "initial_device_display_name"
+                ),
+                "inhibit_login": False,
+                "access_token": as_token,
+            },
         )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -599,14 +588,13 @@ class RegistrationHandler(BaseHandler):
             dict: Containing 'valid'(bool) and 'error_url'(str) if invalid.
 
         """
-        response = yield self._submit_captcha(ip_addr, private_key, challenge,
-                                              response)
+        response = yield self._submit_captcha(ip_addr, private_key, challenge, response)
         # parse Google's response. Lovely format..
-        lines = response.split('\n')
+        lines = response.split("\n")
         json = {
-            "valid": lines[0] == 'true',
-            "error_url": "http://www.recaptcha.net/recaptcha/api/challenge?" +
-                         "error=%s" % lines[1]
+            "valid": lines[0] == "true",
+            "error_url": "http://www.recaptcha.net/recaptcha/api/challenge?"
+            + "error=%s" % lines[1],
         }
         defer.returnValue(json)
 
@@ -618,17 +606,16 @@ class RegistrationHandler(BaseHandler):
         data = yield self.captcha_client.post_urlencoded_get_raw(
             "http://www.recaptcha.net:80/recaptcha/api/verify",
             args={
-                'privatekey': private_key,
-                'remoteip': ip_addr,
-                'challenge': challenge,
-                'response': response
-            }
+                "privatekey": private_key,
+                "remoteip": ip_addr,
+                "challenge": challenge,
+                "response": response,
+            },
         )
         defer.returnValue(data)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_or_create_user(self, requester, localpart, displayname,
-                           password_hash=None):
+    def get_or_create_user(self, requester, localpart, displayname, password_hash=None):
         """Creates a new user if the user does not exist,
         else revokes all previous access tokens and generates a new one.
 
@@ -668,7 +655,7 @@ class RegistrationHandler(BaseHandler):
             )
             if displayname is not None:
                 yield self.profile_handler.set_displayname(
-                    user, None, displayname or user.localpart, by_admin=True,
+                    user, None, displayname or user.localpart, by_admin=True
                 )
         else:
             yield self._auth_handler.delete_access_tokens_for_user(user_id)
@@ -693,15 +680,12 @@ class RegistrationHandler(BaseHandler):
         """
         access_token = yield self.store.get_3pid_guest_access_token(medium, address)
         if access_token:
-            user_info = yield self.auth.get_user_by_access_token(
-                access_token
-            )
+            user_info = yield self.auth.get_user_by_access_token(access_token)
 
             defer.returnValue((user_info["user"].to_string(), access_token))
 
         user_id, access_token = yield self.register(
-            generate_token=True,
-            make_guest=True
+            generate_token=True, make_guest=True
         )
         access_token = yield self.store.save_or_get_3pid_guest_access_token(
             medium, address, access_token, inviter_user_id
@@ -722,9 +706,9 @@ class RegistrationHandler(BaseHandler):
             )
             room_id = room_id.to_string()
         else:
-            raise SynapseError(400, "%s was not legal room ID or room alias" % (
-                room_identifier,
-            ))
+            raise SynapseError(
+                400, "%s was not legal room ID or room alias" % (room_identifier,)
+            )
 
         yield room_member_handler.update_membership(
             requester=requester,
@@ -735,10 +719,19 @@ class RegistrationHandler(BaseHandler):
             ratelimit=False,
         )
 
-    def register_with_store(self, user_id, token=None, password_hash=None,
-                            was_guest=False, make_guest=False, appservice_id=None,
-                            create_profile_with_displayname=None, admin=False,
-                            user_type=None, address=None):
+    def register_with_store(
+        self,
+        user_id,
+        token=None,
+        password_hash=None,
+        was_guest=False,
+        make_guest=False,
+        appservice_id=None,
+        create_profile_with_displayname=None,
+        admin=False,
+        user_type=None,
+        address=None,
+    ):
         """Register user in the datastore.
 
         Args:
@@ -767,14 +760,15 @@ class RegistrationHandler(BaseHandler):
             time_now = self.clock.time()
 
             allowed, time_allowed = self.ratelimiter.can_do_action(
-                address, time_now_s=time_now,
+                address,
+                time_now_s=time_now,
                 rate_hz=self.hs.config.rc_registration.per_second,
                 burst_count=self.hs.config.rc_registration.burst_count,
             )
 
             if not allowed:
                 raise LimitExceededError(
-                    retry_after_ms=int(1000 * (time_allowed - time_now)),
+                    retry_after_ms=int(1000 * (time_allowed - time_now))
                 )
 
         if self.hs.config.worker_app:
@@ -804,8 +798,7 @@ class RegistrationHandler(BaseHandler):
             )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def register_device(self, user_id, device_id, initial_display_name,
-                        is_guest=False):
+    def register_device(self, user_id, device_id, initial_display_name, is_guest=False):
         """Register a device for a user and generate an access token.
 
         Args:
@@ -838,14 +831,15 @@ class RegistrationHandler(BaseHandler):
                 )
             else:
                 access_token = yield self._auth_handler.get_access_token_for_user_id(
-                    user_id, device_id=device_id,
+                    user_id, device_id=device_id
                 )
 
             defer.returnValue((device_id, access_token))
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def post_registration_actions(self, user_id, auth_result, access_token,
-                                  bind_email, bind_msisdn):
+    def post_registration_actions(
+        self, user_id, auth_result, access_token, bind_email, bind_msisdn
+    ):
         """A user has completed registration
 
         Args:
@@ -879,20 +873,15 @@ class RegistrationHandler(BaseHandler):
                 yield self.store.upsert_monthly_active_user(user_id)
 
             yield self._register_email_threepid(
-                user_id, threepid, access_token,
-                bind_email,
+                user_id, threepid, access_token, bind_email
             )
 
         if auth_result and LoginType.MSISDN in auth_result:
             threepid = auth_result[LoginType.MSISDN]
-            yield self._register_msisdn_threepid(
-                user_id, threepid, bind_msisdn,
-            )
+            yield self._register_msisdn_threepid(user_id, threepid, bind_msisdn)
 
         if auth_result and LoginType.TERMS in auth_result:
-            yield self._on_user_consented(
-                user_id, self.hs.config.user_consent_version,
-            )
+            yield self._on_user_consented(user_id, self.hs.config.user_consent_version)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _on_user_consented(self, user_id, consent_version):
@@ -904,9 +893,7 @@ class RegistrationHandler(BaseHandler):
                 consented to.
         """
         logger.info("%s has consented to the privacy policy", user_id)
-        yield self.store.user_set_consent_version(
-            user_id, consent_version,
-        )
+        yield self.store.user_set_consent_version(user_id, consent_version)
         yield self.post_consent_actions(user_id)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -930,33 +917,30 @@ class RegistrationHandler(BaseHandler):
         Returns:
             defer.Deferred:
         """
-        reqd = ('medium', 'address', 'validated_at')
+        reqd = ("medium", "address", "validated_at")
         if any(x not in threepid for x in reqd):
             # This will only happen if the ID server returns a malformed response
             logger.info("Can't add incomplete 3pid")
             return
 
         yield self._auth_handler.add_threepid(
-            user_id,
-            threepid['medium'],
-            threepid['address'],
-            threepid['validated_at'],
+            user_id, threepid["medium"], threepid["address"], threepid["validated_at"]
         )
 
         # And we add an email pusher for them by default, but only
         # if email notifications are enabled (so people don't start
         # getting mail spam where they weren't before if email
         # notifs are set up on a home server)
-        if (self.hs.config.email_enable_notifs and
-                self.hs.config.email_notif_for_new_users
-                and token):
+        if (
+            self.hs.config.email_enable_notifs
+            and self.hs.config.email_notif_for_new_users
+            and token
+        ):
             # Pull the ID of the access token back out of the db
             # It would really make more sense for this to be passed
             # up when the access token is saved, but that's quite an
             # invasive change I'd rather do separately.
-            user_tuple = yield self.store.get_user_by_access_token(
-                token
-            )
+            user_tuple = yield self.store.get_user_by_access_token(token)
             token_id = user_tuple["token_id"]
 
             yield self.pusher_pool.add_pusher(
@@ -973,11 +957,9 @@ class RegistrationHandler(BaseHandler):
 
         if bind_email:
             logger.info("bind_email specified: binding")
-            logger.debug("Binding emails %s to %s" % (
-                threepid, user_id
-            ))
+            logger.debug("Binding emails %s to %s" % (threepid, user_id))
             yield self.identity_handler.bind_threepid(
-                threepid['threepid_creds'], user_id
+                threepid["threepid_creds"], user_id
             )
         else:
             logger.info("bind_email not specified: not binding email")
@@ -1000,7 +982,7 @@ class RegistrationHandler(BaseHandler):
             defer.Deferred:
         """
         try:
-            assert_params_in_dict(threepid, ['medium', 'address', 'validated_at'])
+            assert_params_in_dict(threepid, ["medium", "address", "validated_at"])
         except SynapseError as ex:
             if ex.errcode == Codes.MISSING_PARAM:
                 # This will only happen if the ID server returns a malformed response
@@ -1009,17 +991,14 @@ class RegistrationHandler(BaseHandler):
             raise
 
         yield self._auth_handler.add_threepid(
-            user_id,
-            threepid['medium'],
-            threepid['address'],
-            threepid['validated_at'],
+            user_id, threepid["medium"], threepid["address"], threepid["validated_at"]
         )
 
         if bind_msisdn:
             logger.info("bind_msisdn specified: binding")
             logger.debug("Binding msisdn %s to %s", threepid, user_id)
             yield self.identity_handler.bind_threepid(
-                threepid['threepid_creds'], user_id
+                threepid["threepid_creds"], user_id
             )
         else:
             logger.info("bind_msisdn not specified: not binding msisdn")
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/room.py b/synapse/handlers/room.py
index 7c24f9aac3..2ae9f93e97 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/room.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/room.py
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ class RoomCreationHandler(BaseHandler):
             if r is None:
                 raise NotFoundError("Unknown room id %s" % (old_room_id,))
             new_room_id = yield self._generate_room_id(
-                creator_id=user_id, is_public=r["is_public"],
+                creator_id=user_id, is_public=r["is_public"]
             )
 
             logger.info("Creating new room %s to replace %s", new_room_id, old_room_id)
@@ -112,7 +112,8 @@ class RoomCreationHandler(BaseHandler):
             # room, to check our user has perms in the old room.
             tombstone_event, tombstone_context = (
                 yield self.event_creation_handler.create_event(
-                    requester, {
+                    requester,
+                    {
                         "type": EventTypes.Tombstone,
                         "state_key": "",
                         "room_id": old_room_id,
@@ -120,14 +121,14 @@ class RoomCreationHandler(BaseHandler):
                         "content": {
                             "body": "This room has been replaced",
                             "replacement_room": new_room_id,
-                        }
+                        },
                     },
                     token_id=requester.access_token_id,
                 )
             )
             old_room_version = yield self.store.get_room_version(old_room_id)
             yield self.auth.check_from_context(
-                old_room_version, tombstone_event, tombstone_context,
+                old_room_version, tombstone_event, tombstone_context
             )
 
             yield self.clone_existing_room(
@@ -140,27 +141,27 @@ class RoomCreationHandler(BaseHandler):
 
             # now send the tombstone
             yield self.event_creation_handler.send_nonmember_event(
-                requester, tombstone_event, tombstone_context,
+                requester, tombstone_event, tombstone_context
             )
 
             old_room_state = yield tombstone_context.get_current_state_ids(self.store)
 
             # update any aliases
             yield self._move_aliases_to_new_room(
-                requester, old_room_id, new_room_id, old_room_state,
+                requester, old_room_id, new_room_id, old_room_state
             )
 
             # and finally, shut down the PLs in the old room, and update them in the new
             # room.
             yield self._update_upgraded_room_pls(
-                requester, old_room_id, new_room_id, old_room_state,
+                requester, old_room_id, new_room_id, old_room_state
             )
 
             defer.returnValue(new_room_id)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _update_upgraded_room_pls(
-            self, requester, old_room_id, new_room_id, old_room_state,
+        self, requester, old_room_id, new_room_id, old_room_state
     ):
         """Send updated power levels in both rooms after an upgrade
 
@@ -178,7 +179,7 @@ class RoomCreationHandler(BaseHandler):
         if old_room_pl_event_id is None:
             logger.warning(
                 "Not supported: upgrading a room with no PL event. Not setting PLs "
-                "in old room.",
+                "in old room."
             )
             return
 
@@ -199,45 +200,48 @@ class RoomCreationHandler(BaseHandler):
             if current < restricted_level:
                 logger.info(
                     "Setting level for %s in %s to %i (was %i)",
-                    v, old_room_id, restricted_level, current,
+                    v,
+                    old_room_id,
+                    restricted_level,
+                    current,
                 )
                 pl_content[v] = restricted_level
                 updated = True
             else:
-                logger.info(
-                    "Not setting level for %s (already %i)",
-                    v, current,
-                )
+                logger.info("Not setting level for %s (already %i)", v, current)
 
         if updated:
             try:
                 yield self.event_creation_handler.create_and_send_nonmember_event(
-                    requester, {
+                    requester,
+                    {
                         "type": EventTypes.PowerLevels,
-                        "state_key": '',
+                        "state_key": "",
                         "room_id": old_room_id,
                         "sender": requester.user.to_string(),
                         "content": pl_content,
-                    }, ratelimit=False,
+                    },
+                    ratelimit=False,
                 )
             except AuthError as e:
                 logger.warning("Unable to update PLs in old room: %s", e)
 
         logger.info("Setting correct PLs in new room")
         yield self.event_creation_handler.create_and_send_nonmember_event(
-            requester, {
+            requester,
+            {
                 "type": EventTypes.PowerLevels,
-                "state_key": '',
+                "state_key": "",
                 "room_id": new_room_id,
                 "sender": requester.user.to_string(),
                 "content": old_room_pl_state.content,
-            }, ratelimit=False,
+            },
+            ratelimit=False,
         )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def clone_existing_room(
-            self, requester, old_room_id, new_room_id, new_room_version,
-            tombstone_event_id,
+        self, requester, old_room_id, new_room_id, new_room_version, tombstone_event_id
     ):
         """Populate a new room based on an old room
 
@@ -254,30 +258,24 @@ class RoomCreationHandler(BaseHandler):
         """
         user_id = requester.user.to_string()
 
-        if (self._server_notices_mxid is not None and
-                requester.user.to_string() == self._server_notices_mxid):
+        if (
+            self._server_notices_mxid is not None
+            and requester.user.to_string() == self._server_notices_mxid
+        ):
             # allow the server notices mxid to create rooms
             is_requester_admin = True
 
         else:
-            is_requester_admin = yield self.auth.is_server_admin(
-                requester.user,
-            )
+            is_requester_admin = yield self.auth.is_server_admin(requester.user)
 
         if not is_requester_admin and not self.spam_checker.user_may_create_room(
-            user_id,
-            invite_list=[],
-            third_party_invite_list=[],
-            cloning=True,
+            user_id, invite_list=[], third_party_invite_list=[], cloning=True
         ):
             raise SynapseError(403, "You are not permitted to create rooms")
 
         creation_content = {
             "room_version": new_room_version,
-            "predecessor": {
-                "room_id": old_room_id,
-                "event_id": tombstone_event_id,
-            }
+            "predecessor": {"room_id": old_room_id, "event_id": tombstone_event_id},
         }
 
         # Check if old room was non-federatable
@@ -306,7 +304,7 @@ class RoomCreationHandler(BaseHandler):
         )
 
         old_room_state_ids = yield self.store.get_filtered_current_state_ids(
-            old_room_id, StateFilter.from_types(types_to_copy),
+            old_room_id, StateFilter.from_types(types_to_copy)
         )
         # map from event_id to BaseEvent
         old_room_state_events = yield self.store.get_events(old_room_state_ids.values())
@@ -319,11 +317,9 @@ class RoomCreationHandler(BaseHandler):
         yield self._send_events_for_new_room(
             requester,
             new_room_id,
-
             # we expect to override all the presets with initial_state, so this is
             # somewhat arbitrary.
             preset_config=RoomCreationPreset.PRIVATE_CHAT,
-
             invite_list=[],
             initial_state=initial_state,
             creation_content=creation_content,
@@ -331,20 +327,22 @@ class RoomCreationHandler(BaseHandler):
 
         # Transfer membership events
         old_room_member_state_ids = yield self.store.get_filtered_current_state_ids(
-            old_room_id, StateFilter.from_types([(EventTypes.Member, None)]),
+            old_room_id, StateFilter.from_types([(EventTypes.Member, None)])
         )
 
         # map from event_id to BaseEvent
         old_room_member_state_events = yield self.store.get_events(
-            old_room_member_state_ids.values(),
+            old_room_member_state_ids.values()
         )
         for k, old_event in iteritems(old_room_member_state_events):
             # Only transfer ban events
-            if ("membership" in old_event.content and
-                    old_event.content["membership"] == "ban"):
+            if (
+                "membership" in old_event.content
+                and old_event.content["membership"] == "ban"
+            ):
                 yield self.room_member_handler.update_membership(
                     requester,
-                    UserID.from_string(old_event['state_key']),
+                    UserID.from_string(old_event["state_key"]),
                     new_room_id,
                     "ban",
                     ratelimit=False,
@@ -356,7 +354,7 @@ class RoomCreationHandler(BaseHandler):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _move_aliases_to_new_room(
-            self, requester, old_room_id, new_room_id, old_room_state,
+        self, requester, old_room_id, new_room_id, old_room_state
     ):
         directory_handler = self.hs.get_handlers().directory_handler
 
@@ -387,14 +385,11 @@ class RoomCreationHandler(BaseHandler):
             alias = RoomAlias.from_string(alias_str)
             try:
                 yield directory_handler.delete_association(
-                    requester, alias, send_event=False,
+                    requester, alias, send_event=False
                 )
                 removed_aliases.append(alias_str)
             except SynapseError as e:
-                logger.warning(
-                    "Unable to remove alias %s from old room: %s",
-                    alias, e,
-                )
+                logger.warning("Unable to remove alias %s from old room: %s", alias, e)
 
         # if we didn't find any aliases, or couldn't remove anyway, we can skip the rest
         # of this.
@@ -410,30 +405,26 @@ class RoomCreationHandler(BaseHandler):
             # as when you remove an alias from the directory normally - it just means that
             # the aliases event gets out of sync with the directory
             # (cf https://github.com/vector-im/riot-web/issues/2369)
-            yield directory_handler.send_room_alias_update_event(
-                requester, old_room_id,
-            )
+            yield directory_handler.send_room_alias_update_event(requester, old_room_id)
         except AuthError as e:
-            logger.warning(
-                "Failed to send updated alias event on old room: %s", e,
-            )
+            logger.warning("Failed to send updated alias event on old room: %s", e)
 
         # we can now add any aliases we successfully removed to the new room.
         for alias in removed_aliases:
             try:
                 yield directory_handler.create_association(
-                    requester, RoomAlias.from_string(alias),
-                    new_room_id, servers=(self.hs.hostname, ),
-                    send_event=False, check_membership=False,
+                    requester,
+                    RoomAlias.from_string(alias),
+                    new_room_id,
+                    servers=(self.hs.hostname,),
+                    send_event=False,
+                    check_membership=False,
                 )
                 logger.info("Moved alias %s to new room", alias)
             except SynapseError as e:
                 # I'm not really expecting this to happen, but it could if the spam
                 # checking module decides it shouldn't, or similar.
-                logger.error(
-                    "Error adding alias %s to new room: %s",
-                    alias, e,
-                )
+                logger.error("Error adding alias %s to new room: %s", alias, e)
 
         try:
             if canonical_alias and (canonical_alias in removed_aliases):
@@ -444,24 +435,19 @@ class RoomCreationHandler(BaseHandler):
                         "state_key": "",
                         "room_id": new_room_id,
                         "sender": requester.user.to_string(),
-                        "content": {"alias": canonical_alias, },
+                        "content": {"alias": canonical_alias},
                     },
-                    ratelimit=False
+                    ratelimit=False,
                 )
 
-            yield directory_handler.send_room_alias_update_event(
-                requester, new_room_id,
-            )
+            yield directory_handler.send_room_alias_update_event(requester, new_room_id)
         except SynapseError as e:
             # again I'm not really expecting this to fail, but if it does, I'd rather
             # we returned the new room to the client at this point.
-            logger.error(
-                "Unable to send updated alias events in new room: %s", e,
-            )
+            logger.error("Unable to send updated alias events in new room: %s", e)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def create_room(self, requester, config, ratelimit=True,
-                    creator_join_profile=None):
+    def create_room(self, requester, config, ratelimit=True, creator_join_profile=None):
         """ Creates a new room.
 
         Args:
@@ -491,21 +477,19 @@ class RoomCreationHandler(BaseHandler):
 
         yield self.auth.check_auth_blocking(user_id)
 
-        if (self._server_notices_mxid is not None and
-                requester.user.to_string() == self._server_notices_mxid):
+        if (
+            self._server_notices_mxid is not None
+            and requester.user.to_string() == self._server_notices_mxid
+        ):
             # allow the server notices mxid to create rooms
             is_requester_admin = True
         else:
-            is_requester_admin = yield self.auth.is_server_admin(
-                requester.user,
-            )
+            is_requester_admin = yield self.auth.is_server_admin(requester.user)
 
         # Check whether the third party rules allows/changes the room create
         # request.
         yield self.third_party_event_rules.on_create_room(
-            requester,
-            config,
-            is_requester_admin=is_requester_admin,
+            requester, config, is_requester_admin=is_requester_admin
         )
 
         invite_list = config.get("invite", [])
@@ -523,16 +507,11 @@ class RoomCreationHandler(BaseHandler):
             yield self.ratelimit(requester)
 
         room_version = config.get(
-            "room_version",
-            self.config.default_room_version.identifier,
+            "room_version", self.config.default_room_version.identifier
         )
 
         if not isinstance(room_version, string_types):
-            raise SynapseError(
-                400,
-                "room_version must be a string",
-                Codes.BAD_JSON,
-            )
+            raise SynapseError(400, "room_version must be a string", Codes.BAD_JSON)
 
         if room_version not in KNOWN_ROOM_VERSIONS:
             raise SynapseError(
@@ -546,20 +525,11 @@ class RoomCreationHandler(BaseHandler):
                 if wchar in config["room_alias_name"]:
                     raise SynapseError(400, "Invalid characters in room alias")
 
-            room_alias = RoomAlias(
-                config["room_alias_name"],
-                self.hs.hostname,
-            )
-            mapping = yield self.store.get_association_from_room_alias(
-                room_alias
-            )
+            room_alias = RoomAlias(config["room_alias_name"], self.hs.hostname)
+            mapping = yield self.store.get_association_from_room_alias(room_alias)
 
             if mapping:
-                raise SynapseError(
-                    400,
-                    "Room alias already taken",
-                    Codes.ROOM_IN_USE
-                )
+                raise SynapseError(400, "Room alias already taken", Codes.ROOM_IN_USE)
         else:
             room_alias = None
 
@@ -569,9 +539,7 @@ class RoomCreationHandler(BaseHandler):
             except Exception:
                 raise SynapseError(400, "Invalid user_id: %s" % (i,))
 
-        yield self.event_creation_handler.assert_accepted_privacy_policy(
-            requester,
-        )
+        yield self.event_creation_handler.assert_accepted_privacy_policy(requester)
 
         visibility = config.get("visibility", None)
         is_public = visibility == "public"
@@ -593,7 +561,7 @@ class RoomCreationHandler(BaseHandler):
             "preset",
             RoomCreationPreset.PRIVATE_CHAT
             if visibility == "private"
-            else RoomCreationPreset.PUBLIC_CHAT
+            else RoomCreationPreset.PUBLIC_CHAT,
         )
 
         raw_initial_state = config.get("initial_state", [])
@@ -630,7 +598,8 @@ class RoomCreationHandler(BaseHandler):
                     "state_key": "",
                     "content": {"name": name},
                 },
-                ratelimit=False)
+                ratelimit=False,
+            )
 
         if "topic" in config:
             topic = config["topic"]
@@ -643,7 +612,8 @@ class RoomCreationHandler(BaseHandler):
                     "state_key": "",
                     "content": {"topic": topic},
                 },
-                ratelimit=False)
+                ratelimit=False,
+            )
 
         for invitee in invite_list:
             content = {}
@@ -680,30 +650,25 @@ class RoomCreationHandler(BaseHandler):
 
         if room_alias:
             result["room_alias"] = room_alias.to_string()
-            yield directory_handler.send_room_alias_update_event(
-                requester, room_id
-            )
+            yield directory_handler.send_room_alias_update_event(requester, room_id)
 
         defer.returnValue(result)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _send_events_for_new_room(
-            self,
-            creator,  # A Requester object.
-            room_id,
-            preset_config,
-            invite_list,
-            initial_state,
-            creation_content,
-            room_alias=None,
-            power_level_content_override=None,
-            creator_join_profile=None,
+        self,
+        creator,  # A Requester object.
+        room_id,
+        preset_config,
+        invite_list,
+        initial_state,
+        creation_content,
+        room_alias=None,
+        power_level_content_override=None,
+        creator_join_profile=None,
     ):
         def create(etype, content, **kwargs):
-            e = {
-                "type": etype,
-                "content": content,
-            }
+            e = {"type": etype, "content": content}
 
             e.update(event_keys)
             e.update(kwargs)
@@ -715,26 +680,17 @@ class RoomCreationHandler(BaseHandler):
             event = create(etype, content, **kwargs)
             logger.info("Sending %s in new room", etype)
             yield self.event_creation_handler.create_and_send_nonmember_event(
-                creator,
-                event,
-                ratelimit=False
+                creator, event, ratelimit=False
             )
 
         config = RoomCreationHandler.PRESETS_DICT[preset_config]
 
         creator_id = creator.user.to_string()
 
-        event_keys = {
-            "room_id": room_id,
-            "sender": creator_id,
-            "state_key": "",
-        }
+        event_keys = {"room_id": room_id, "sender": creator_id, "state_key": ""}
 
         creation_content.update({"creator": creator_id})
-        yield send(
-            etype=EventTypes.Create,
-            content=creation_content,
-        )
+        yield send(etype=EventTypes.Create, content=creation_content)
 
         logger.info("Sending %s in new room", EventTypes.Member)
         yield self.room_member_handler.update_membership(
@@ -749,17 +705,12 @@ class RoomCreationHandler(BaseHandler):
 
         # We treat the power levels override specially as this needs to be one
         # of the first events that get sent into a room.
-        pl_content = initial_state.pop((EventTypes.PowerLevels, ''), None)
+        pl_content = initial_state.pop((EventTypes.PowerLevels, ""), None)
         if pl_content is not None:
-            yield send(
-                etype=EventTypes.PowerLevels,
-                content=pl_content,
-            )
+            yield send(etype=EventTypes.PowerLevels, content=pl_content)
         else:
             power_level_content = {
-                "users": {
-                    creator_id: 100,
-                },
+                "users": {creator_id: 100},
                 "users_default": 0,
                 "events": {
                     EventTypes.Name: 50,
@@ -783,50 +734,39 @@ class RoomCreationHandler(BaseHandler):
             if power_level_content_override:
                 power_level_content.update(power_level_content_override)
 
-            yield send(
-                etype=EventTypes.PowerLevels,
-                content=power_level_content,
-            )
+            yield send(etype=EventTypes.PowerLevels, content=power_level_content)
 
-        if room_alias and (EventTypes.CanonicalAlias, '') not in initial_state:
+        if room_alias and (EventTypes.CanonicalAlias, "") not in initial_state:
             yield send(
                 etype=EventTypes.CanonicalAlias,
                 content={"alias": room_alias.to_string()},
             )
 
-        if (EventTypes.JoinRules, '') not in initial_state:
+        if (EventTypes.JoinRules, "") not in initial_state:
             yield send(
-                etype=EventTypes.JoinRules,
-                content={"join_rule": config["join_rules"]},
+                etype=EventTypes.JoinRules, content={"join_rule": config["join_rules"]}
             )
 
-        if (EventTypes.RoomHistoryVisibility, '') not in initial_state:
+        if (EventTypes.RoomHistoryVisibility, "") not in initial_state:
             yield send(
                 etype=EventTypes.RoomHistoryVisibility,
-                content={"history_visibility": config["history_visibility"]}
+                content={"history_visibility": config["history_visibility"]},
             )
 
         if config["guest_can_join"]:
-            if (EventTypes.GuestAccess, '') not in initial_state:
+            if (EventTypes.GuestAccess, "") not in initial_state:
                 yield send(
-                    etype=EventTypes.GuestAccess,
-                    content={"guest_access": "can_join"}
+                    etype=EventTypes.GuestAccess, content={"guest_access": "can_join"}
                 )
 
         for (etype, state_key), content in initial_state.items():
-            yield send(
-                etype=etype,
-                state_key=state_key,
-                content=content,
-            )
+            yield send(etype=etype, state_key=state_key, content=content)
 
         if "encryption_alg" in config:
             yield send(
                 etype=EventTypes.Encryption,
                 state_key="",
-                content={
-                    'algorithm': config["encryption_alg"],
-                }
+                content={"algorithm": config["encryption_alg"]},
             )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -837,12 +777,9 @@ class RoomCreationHandler(BaseHandler):
         while attempts < 5:
             try:
                 random_string = stringutils.random_string(18)
-                gen_room_id = RoomID(
-                    random_string,
-                    self.hs.hostname,
-                ).to_string()
+                gen_room_id = RoomID(random_string, self.hs.hostname).to_string()
                 if isinstance(gen_room_id, bytes):
-                    gen_room_id = gen_room_id.decode('utf-8')
+                    gen_room_id = gen_room_id.decode("utf-8")
                 yield self.store.store_room(
                     room_id=gen_room_id,
                     room_creator_user_id=creator_id,
@@ -884,24 +821,19 @@ class RoomContextHandler(object):
 
         def filter_evts(events):
             return filter_events_for_client(
-                self.store,
-                user.to_string(),
-                events,
-                is_peeking=is_peeking
+                self.store, user.to_string(), events, is_peeking=is_peeking
             )
 
-        event = yield self.store.get_event(event_id, get_prev_content=True,
-                                           allow_none=True)
+        event = yield self.store.get_event(
+            event_id, get_prev_content=True, allow_none=True
+        )
         if not event:
             defer.returnValue(None)
             return
 
-        filtered = yield(filter_evts([event]))
+        filtered = yield (filter_evts([event]))
         if not filtered:
-            raise AuthError(
-                403,
-                "You don't have permission to access that event."
-            )
+            raise AuthError(403, "You don't have permission to access that event.")
 
         results = yield self.store.get_events_around(
             room_id, event_id, before_limit, after_limit, event_filter
@@ -933,7 +865,7 @@ class RoomContextHandler(object):
         # https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-doc/issues/687
 
         state = yield self.store.get_state_for_events(
-            [last_event_id], state_filter=state_filter,
+            [last_event_id], state_filter=state_filter
         )
         results["state"] = list(state[last_event_id].values())
 
@@ -945,9 +877,7 @@ class RoomContextHandler(object):
             "room_key", results["start"]
         ).to_string()
 
-        results["end"] = token.copy_and_replace(
-            "room_key", results["end"]
-        ).to_string()
+        results["end"] = token.copy_and_replace("room_key", results["end"]).to_string()
 
         defer.returnValue(results)
 
@@ -958,13 +888,7 @@ class RoomEventSource(object):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_new_events(
-            self,
-            user,
-            from_key,
-            limit,
-            room_ids,
-            is_guest,
-            explicit_room_id=None,
+        self, user, from_key, limit, room_ids, is_guest, explicit_room_id=None
     ):
         # We just ignore the key for now.
 
@@ -975,9 +899,7 @@ class RoomEventSource(object):
             logger.warn("Stream has topological part!!!! %r", from_key)
             from_key = "s%s" % (from_token.stream,)
 
-        app_service = self.store.get_app_service_by_user_id(
-            user.to_string()
-        )
+        app_service = self.store.get_app_service_by_user_id(user.to_string())
         if app_service:
             # We no longer support AS users using /sync directly.
             # See https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-doc/issues/1144
@@ -992,7 +914,7 @@ class RoomEventSource(object):
                 from_key=from_key,
                 to_key=to_key,
                 limit=limit or 10,
-                order='ASC',
+                order="ASC",
             )
 
             events = list(room_events)
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/room_list.py b/synapse/handlers/room_list.py
index 617d1c9ef8..aae696a7e8 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/room_list.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/room_list.py
@@ -46,13 +46,18 @@ class RoomListHandler(BaseHandler):
         super(RoomListHandler, self).__init__(hs)
         self.enable_room_list_search = hs.config.enable_room_list_search
         self.response_cache = ResponseCache(hs, "room_list")
-        self.remote_response_cache = ResponseCache(hs, "remote_room_list",
-                                                   timeout_ms=30 * 1000)
+        self.remote_response_cache = ResponseCache(
+            hs, "remote_room_list", timeout_ms=30 * 1000
+        )
 
-    def get_local_public_room_list(self, limit=None, since_token=None,
-                                   search_filter=None,
-                                   network_tuple=EMPTY_THIRD_PARTY_ID,
-                                   from_federation=False):
+    def get_local_public_room_list(
+        self,
+        limit=None,
+        since_token=None,
+        search_filter=None,
+        network_tuple=EMPTY_THIRD_PARTY_ID,
+        from_federation=False,
+    ):
         """Generate a local public room list.
 
         There are multiple different lists: the main one plus one per third
@@ -68,14 +73,14 @@ class RoomListHandler(BaseHandler):
                 Setting to None returns all public rooms across all lists.
         """
         if not self.enable_room_list_search:
-            return defer.succeed({
-                "chunk": [],
-                "total_room_count_estimate": 0,
-            })
+            return defer.succeed({"chunk": [], "total_room_count_estimate": 0})
 
         logger.info(
             "Getting public room list: limit=%r, since=%r, search=%r, network=%r",
-            limit, since_token, bool(search_filter), network_tuple,
+            limit,
+            since_token,
+            bool(search_filter),
+            network_tuple,
         )
 
         if search_filter:
@@ -88,24 +93,33 @@ class RoomListHandler(BaseHandler):
             # solution at some point
             timeout = self.clock.time() + 60
             return self._get_public_room_list(
-                limit, since_token, search_filter,
-                network_tuple=network_tuple, timeout=timeout,
+                limit,
+                since_token,
+                search_filter,
+                network_tuple=network_tuple,
+                timeout=timeout,
             )
 
         key = (limit, since_token, network_tuple)
         return self.response_cache.wrap(
             key,
             self._get_public_room_list,
-            limit, since_token,
-            network_tuple=network_tuple, from_federation=from_federation,
+            limit,
+            since_token,
+            network_tuple=network_tuple,
+            from_federation=from_federation,
         )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _get_public_room_list(self, limit=None, since_token=None,
-                              search_filter=None,
-                              network_tuple=EMPTY_THIRD_PARTY_ID,
-                              from_federation=False,
-                              timeout=None,):
+    def _get_public_room_list(
+        self,
+        limit=None,
+        since_token=None,
+        search_filter=None,
+        network_tuple=EMPTY_THIRD_PARTY_ID,
+        from_federation=False,
+        timeout=None,
+    ):
         """Generate a public room list.
         Args:
             limit (int|None): Maximum amount of rooms to return.
@@ -135,15 +149,14 @@ class RoomListHandler(BaseHandler):
             current_public_id = yield self.store.get_current_public_room_stream_id()
             public_room_stream_id = since_token.public_room_stream_id
             newly_visible, newly_unpublished = yield self.store.get_public_room_changes(
-                public_room_stream_id, current_public_id,
-                network_tuple=network_tuple,
+                public_room_stream_id, current_public_id, network_tuple=network_tuple
             )
         else:
             stream_token = yield self.store.get_room_max_stream_ordering()
             public_room_stream_id = yield self.store.get_current_public_room_stream_id()
 
         room_ids = yield self.store.get_public_room_ids_at_stream_id(
-            public_room_stream_id, network_tuple=network_tuple,
+            public_room_stream_id, network_tuple=network_tuple
         )
 
         # We want to return rooms in a particular order: the number of joined
@@ -168,7 +181,7 @@ class RoomListHandler(BaseHandler):
                     return
 
                 joined_users = yield self.state_handler.get_current_users_in_room(
-                    room_id, latest_event_ids,
+                    room_id, latest_event_ids
                 )
 
             num_joined_users = len(joined_users)
@@ -180,8 +193,9 @@ class RoomListHandler(BaseHandler):
             # We want larger rooms to be first, hence negating num_joined_users
             rooms_to_order_value[room_id] = (-num_joined_users, room_id)
 
-        logger.info("Getting ordering for %i rooms since %s",
-                    len(room_ids), stream_token)
+        logger.info(
+            "Getting ordering for %i rooms since %s", len(room_ids), stream_token
+        )
         yield concurrently_execute(get_order_for_room, room_ids, 10)
 
         sorted_entries = sorted(rooms_to_order_value.items(), key=lambda e: e[1])
@@ -193,7 +207,8 @@ class RoomListHandler(BaseHandler):
 
         # Filter out rooms that we don't want to return
         rooms_to_scan = [
-            r for r in sorted_rooms
+            r
+            for r in sorted_rooms
             if r not in newly_unpublished and rooms_to_num_joined[r] > 0
         ]
 
@@ -204,13 +219,12 @@ class RoomListHandler(BaseHandler):
             # `since_token.current_limit` is the index of the last room we
             # sent down, so we exclude it and everything before/after it.
             if since_token.direction_is_forward:
-                rooms_to_scan = rooms_to_scan[since_token.current_limit + 1:]
+                rooms_to_scan = rooms_to_scan[since_token.current_limit + 1 :]
             else:
-                rooms_to_scan = rooms_to_scan[:since_token.current_limit]
+                rooms_to_scan = rooms_to_scan[: since_token.current_limit]
                 rooms_to_scan.reverse()
 
-        logger.info("After sorting and filtering, %i rooms remain",
-                    len(rooms_to_scan))
+        logger.info("After sorting and filtering, %i rooms remain", len(rooms_to_scan))
 
         # _append_room_entry_to_chunk will append to chunk but will stop if
         # len(chunk) > limit
@@ -237,15 +251,19 @@ class RoomListHandler(BaseHandler):
             if timeout and self.clock.time() > timeout:
                 raise Exception("Timed out searching room directory")
 
-            batch = rooms_to_scan[i:i + step]
+            batch = rooms_to_scan[i : i + step]
             logger.info("Processing %i rooms for result", len(batch))
             yield concurrently_execute(
                 lambda r: self._append_room_entry_to_chunk(
-                    r, rooms_to_num_joined[r],
-                    chunk, limit, search_filter,
+                    r,
+                    rooms_to_num_joined[r],
+                    chunk,
+                    limit,
+                    search_filter,
                     from_federation=from_federation,
                 ),
-                batch, 5,
+                batch,
+                5,
             )
             logger.info("Now %i rooms in result", len(chunk))
             if len(chunk) >= limit + 1:
@@ -273,10 +291,7 @@ class RoomListHandler(BaseHandler):
 
             new_limit = sorted_rooms.index(last_room_id)
 
-        results = {
-            "chunk": chunk,
-            "total_room_count_estimate": total_room_count,
-        }
+        results = {"chunk": chunk, "total_room_count_estimate": total_room_count}
 
         if since_token:
             results["new_rooms"] = bool(newly_visible)
@@ -313,8 +328,15 @@ class RoomListHandler(BaseHandler):
         defer.returnValue(results)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _append_room_entry_to_chunk(self, room_id, num_joined_users, chunk, limit,
-                                    search_filter, from_federation=False):
+    def _append_room_entry_to_chunk(
+        self,
+        room_id,
+        num_joined_users,
+        chunk,
+        limit,
+        search_filter,
+        from_federation=False,
+    ):
         """Generate the entry for a room in the public room list and append it
         to the `chunk` if it matches the search filter
 
@@ -345,8 +367,14 @@ class RoomListHandler(BaseHandler):
             chunk.append(result)
 
     @cachedInlineCallbacks(num_args=1, cache_context=True)
-    def generate_room_entry(self, room_id, num_joined_users, cache_context,
-                            with_alias=True, allow_private=False):
+    def generate_room_entry(
+        self,
+        room_id,
+        num_joined_users,
+        cache_context,
+        with_alias=True,
+        allow_private=False,
+    ):
         """Returns the entry for a room
 
         Args:
@@ -360,33 +388,31 @@ class RoomListHandler(BaseHandler):
             Deferred[dict|None]: Returns a room entry as a dictionary, or None if this
             room was determined not to be shown publicly.
         """
-        result = {
-            "room_id": room_id,
-            "num_joined_members": num_joined_users,
-        }
+        result = {"room_id": room_id, "num_joined_members": num_joined_users}
 
         current_state_ids = yield self.store.get_current_state_ids(
-            room_id, on_invalidate=cache_context.invalidate,
+            room_id, on_invalidate=cache_context.invalidate
         )
 
-        event_map = yield self.store.get_events([
-            event_id for key, event_id in iteritems(current_state_ids)
-            if key[0] in (
-                EventTypes.Create,
-                EventTypes.JoinRules,
-                EventTypes.Name,
-                EventTypes.Topic,
-                EventTypes.CanonicalAlias,
-                EventTypes.RoomHistoryVisibility,
-                EventTypes.GuestAccess,
-                "m.room.avatar",
-            )
-        ])
+        event_map = yield self.store.get_events(
+            [
+                event_id
+                for key, event_id in iteritems(current_state_ids)
+                if key[0]
+                in (
+                    EventTypes.Create,
+                    EventTypes.JoinRules,
+                    EventTypes.Name,
+                    EventTypes.Topic,
+                    EventTypes.CanonicalAlias,
+                    EventTypes.RoomHistoryVisibility,
+                    EventTypes.GuestAccess,
+                    "m.room.avatar",
+                )
+            ]
+        )
 
-        current_state = {
-            (ev.type, ev.state_key): ev
-            for ev in event_map.values()
-        }
+        current_state = {(ev.type, ev.state_key): ev for ev in event_map.values()}
 
         # Double check that this is actually a public room.
 
@@ -446,14 +472,17 @@ class RoomListHandler(BaseHandler):
         defer.returnValue(result)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_remote_public_room_list(self, server_name, limit=None, since_token=None,
-                                    search_filter=None, include_all_networks=False,
-                                    third_party_instance_id=None,):
+    def get_remote_public_room_list(
+        self,
+        server_name,
+        limit=None,
+        since_token=None,
+        search_filter=None,
+        include_all_networks=False,
+        third_party_instance_id=None,
+    ):
         if not self.enable_room_list_search:
-            defer.returnValue({
-                "chunk": [],
-                "total_room_count_estimate": 0,
-            })
+            defer.returnValue({"chunk": [], "total_room_count_estimate": 0})
 
         if search_filter:
             # We currently don't support searching across federation, so we have
@@ -462,52 +491,75 @@ class RoomListHandler(BaseHandler):
             since_token = None
 
         res = yield self._get_remote_list_cached(
-            server_name, limit=limit, since_token=since_token,
+            server_name,
+            limit=limit,
+            since_token=since_token,
             include_all_networks=include_all_networks,
             third_party_instance_id=third_party_instance_id,
         )
 
         if search_filter:
-            res = {"chunk": [
-                entry
-                for entry in list(res.get("chunk", []))
-                if _matches_room_entry(entry, search_filter)
-            ]}
+            res = {
+                "chunk": [
+                    entry
+                    for entry in list(res.get("chunk", []))
+                    if _matches_room_entry(entry, search_filter)
+                ]
+            }
 
         defer.returnValue(res)
 
-    def _get_remote_list_cached(self, server_name, limit=None, since_token=None,
-                                search_filter=None, include_all_networks=False,
-                                third_party_instance_id=None,):
+    def _get_remote_list_cached(
+        self,
+        server_name,
+        limit=None,
+        since_token=None,
+        search_filter=None,
+        include_all_networks=False,
+        third_party_instance_id=None,
+    ):
         repl_layer = self.hs.get_federation_client()
         if search_filter:
             # We can't cache when asking for search
             return repl_layer.get_public_rooms(
-                server_name, limit=limit, since_token=since_token,
-                search_filter=search_filter, include_all_networks=include_all_networks,
+                server_name,
+                limit=limit,
+                since_token=since_token,
+                search_filter=search_filter,
+                include_all_networks=include_all_networks,
                 third_party_instance_id=third_party_instance_id,
             )
 
         key = (
-            server_name, limit, since_token, include_all_networks,
+            server_name,
+            limit,
+            since_token,
+            include_all_networks,
             third_party_instance_id,
         )
         return self.remote_response_cache.wrap(
             key,
             repl_layer.get_public_rooms,
-            server_name, limit=limit, since_token=since_token,
+            server_name,
+            limit=limit,
+            since_token=since_token,
             search_filter=search_filter,
             include_all_networks=include_all_networks,
             third_party_instance_id=third_party_instance_id,
         )
 
 
-class RoomListNextBatch(namedtuple("RoomListNextBatch", (
-    "stream_ordering",  # stream_ordering of the first public room list
-    "public_room_stream_id",  # public room stream id for first public room list
-    "current_limit",  # The number of previous rooms returned
-    "direction_is_forward",  # Bool if this is a next_batch, false if prev_batch
-))):
+class RoomListNextBatch(
+    namedtuple(
+        "RoomListNextBatch",
+        (
+            "stream_ordering",  # stream_ordering of the first public room list
+            "public_room_stream_id",  # public room stream id for first public room list
+            "current_limit",  # The number of previous rooms returned
+            "direction_is_forward",  # Bool if this is a next_batch, false if prev_batch
+        ),
+    )
+):
 
     KEY_DICT = {
         "stream_ordering": "s",
@@ -527,21 +579,19 @@ class RoomListNextBatch(namedtuple("RoomListNextBatch", (
             decoded = msgpack.loads(decode_base64(token), raw=False)
         else:
             decoded = msgpack.loads(decode_base64(token))
-        return RoomListNextBatch(**{
-            cls.REVERSE_KEY_DICT[key]: val
-            for key, val in decoded.items()
-        })
+        return RoomListNextBatch(
+            **{cls.REVERSE_KEY_DICT[key]: val for key, val in decoded.items()}
+        )
 
     def to_token(self):
-        return encode_base64(msgpack.dumps({
-            self.KEY_DICT[key]: val
-            for key, val in self._asdict().items()
-        }))
+        return encode_base64(
+            msgpack.dumps(
+                {self.KEY_DICT[key]: val for key, val in self._asdict().items()}
+            )
+        )
 
     def copy_and_replace(self, **kwds):
-        return self._replace(
-            **kwds
-        )
+        return self._replace(**kwds)
 
 
 def _matches_room_entry(room_entry, search_filter):
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/room_member.py b/synapse/handlers/room_member.py
index 7f1ee95a7a..0a2ff75629 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/room_member.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/room_member.py
@@ -159,7 +159,11 @@ class RoomMemberHandler(object):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _local_membership_update(
-        self, requester, target, room_id, membership,
+        self,
+        requester,
+        target,
+        room_id,
+        membership,
         prev_events_and_hashes,
         txn_id=None,
         ratelimit=True,
@@ -183,7 +187,6 @@ class RoomMemberHandler(object):
                 "room_id": room_id,
                 "sender": requester.user.to_string(),
                 "state_key": user_id,
-
                 # For backwards compatibility:
                 "membership": membership,
             },
@@ -195,26 +198,19 @@ class RoomMemberHandler(object):
 
         # Check if this event matches the previous membership event for the user.
         duplicate = yield self.event_creation_handler.deduplicate_state_event(
-            event, context,
+            event, context
         )
         if duplicate is not None:
             # Discard the new event since this membership change is a no-op.
             defer.returnValue(duplicate)
 
         yield self.event_creation_handler.handle_new_client_event(
-            requester,
-            event,
-            context,
-            extra_users=[target],
-            ratelimit=ratelimit,
+            requester, event, context, extra_users=[target], ratelimit=ratelimit
         )
 
         prev_state_ids = yield context.get_prev_state_ids(self.store)
 
-        prev_member_event_id = prev_state_ids.get(
-            (EventTypes.Member, user_id),
-            None
-        )
+        prev_member_event_id = prev_state_ids.get((EventTypes.Member, user_id), None)
 
         if event.membership == Membership.JOIN:
             # Only fire user_joined_room if the user has actually joined the
@@ -236,11 +232,11 @@ class RoomMemberHandler(object):
             if predecessor:
                 # It is an upgraded room. Copy over old tags
                 self.copy_room_tags_and_direct_to_room(
-                    predecessor["room_id"], room_id, user_id,
+                    predecessor["room_id"], room_id, user_id
                 )
                 # Move over old push rules
                 self.store.move_push_rules_from_room_to_room_for_user(
-                    predecessor["room_id"], room_id, user_id,
+                    predecessor["room_id"], room_id, user_id
                 )
         elif event.membership == Membership.LEAVE:
             if prev_member_event_id:
@@ -251,12 +247,7 @@ class RoomMemberHandler(object):
         defer.returnValue(event)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def copy_room_tags_and_direct_to_room(
-        self,
-        old_room_id,
-        new_room_id,
-        user_id,
-    ):
+    def copy_room_tags_and_direct_to_room(self, old_room_id, new_room_id, user_id):
         """Copies the tags and direct room state from one room to another.
 
         Args:
@@ -268,9 +259,7 @@ class RoomMemberHandler(object):
             Deferred[None]
         """
         # Retrieve user account data for predecessor room
-        user_account_data, _ = yield self.store.get_account_data_for_user(
-            user_id,
-        )
+        user_account_data, _ = yield self.store.get_account_data_for_user(user_id)
 
         # Copy direct message state if applicable
         direct_rooms = user_account_data.get("m.direct", {})
@@ -284,35 +273,31 @@ class RoomMemberHandler(object):
 
                     # Save back to user's m.direct account data
                     yield self.store.add_account_data_for_user(
-                        user_id, "m.direct", direct_rooms,
+                        user_id, "m.direct", direct_rooms
                     )
                     break
 
         # Copy room tags if applicable
-        room_tags = yield self.store.get_tags_for_room(
-            user_id, old_room_id,
-        )
+        room_tags = yield self.store.get_tags_for_room(user_id, old_room_id)
 
         # Copy each room tag to the new room
         for tag, tag_content in room_tags.items():
-            yield self.store.add_tag_to_room(
-                user_id, new_room_id, tag, tag_content
-            )
+            yield self.store.add_tag_to_room(user_id, new_room_id, tag, tag_content)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def update_membership(
-            self,
-            requester,
-            target,
-            room_id,
-            action,
-            txn_id=None,
-            remote_room_hosts=None,
-            third_party_signed=None,
-            ratelimit=True,
-            content=None,
-            new_room=False,
-            require_consent=True,
+        self,
+        requester,
+        target,
+        room_id,
+        action,
+        txn_id=None,
+        remote_room_hosts=None,
+        third_party_signed=None,
+        ratelimit=True,
+        content=None,
+        new_room=False,
+        require_consent=True,
     ):
         """Update a users membership in a room
 
@@ -357,18 +342,18 @@ class RoomMemberHandler(object):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _update_membership(
-            self,
-            requester,
-            target,
-            room_id,
-            action,
-            txn_id=None,
-            remote_room_hosts=None,
-            third_party_signed=None,
-            ratelimit=True,
-            content=None,
-            new_room=False,
-            require_consent=True,
+        self,
+        requester,
+        target,
+        room_id,
+        action,
+        txn_id=None,
+        remote_room_hosts=None,
+        third_party_signed=None,
+        ratelimit=True,
+        content=None,
+        new_room=False,
+        require_consent=True,
     ):
         content_specified = bool(content)
         if content is None:
@@ -402,7 +387,7 @@ class RoomMemberHandler(object):
         if not remote_room_hosts:
             remote_room_hosts = []
 
-        if effective_membership_state not in ("leave", "ban",):
+        if effective_membership_state not in ("leave", "ban"):
             is_blocked = yield self.store.is_room_blocked(room_id)
             if is_blocked:
                 raise SynapseError(403, "This room has been blocked on this server")
@@ -410,22 +395,19 @@ class RoomMemberHandler(object):
         if effective_membership_state == Membership.INVITE:
             # block any attempts to invite the server notices mxid
             if target.to_string() == self._server_notices_mxid:
-                raise SynapseError(
-                    http_client.FORBIDDEN,
-                    "Cannot invite this user",
-                )
+                raise SynapseError(http_client.FORBIDDEN, "Cannot invite this user")
 
             block_invite = False
 
-            if (self._server_notices_mxid is not None and
-                    requester.user.to_string() == self._server_notices_mxid):
+            if (
+                self._server_notices_mxid is not None
+                and requester.user.to_string() == self._server_notices_mxid
+            ):
                 # allow the server notices mxid to send invites
                 is_requester_admin = True
 
             else:
-                is_requester_admin = yield self.auth.is_server_admin(
-                    requester.user,
-                )
+                is_requester_admin = yield self.auth.is_server_admin(requester.user)
 
             if not is_requester_admin:
                 if self.config.block_non_admin_invites:
@@ -438,7 +420,8 @@ class RoomMemberHandler(object):
                 is_published = yield self.store.is_room_published(room_id)
 
                 if not self.spam_checker.user_may_invite(
-                    requester.user.to_string(), target.to_string(),
+                    requester.user.to_string(),
+                    target.to_string(),
                     third_party_invite=None,
                     room_id=room_id,
                     new_room=new_room,
@@ -448,19 +431,13 @@ class RoomMemberHandler(object):
                     block_invite = True
 
             if block_invite:
-                raise SynapseError(
-                    403, "Invites have been disabled on this server",
-                )
+                raise SynapseError(403, "Invites have been disabled on this server")
 
-        prev_events_and_hashes = yield self.store.get_prev_events_for_room(
-            room_id,
-        )
-        latest_event_ids = (
-            event_id for (event_id, _, _) in prev_events_and_hashes
-        )
+        prev_events_and_hashes = yield self.store.get_prev_events_for_room(room_id)
+        latest_event_ids = (event_id for (event_id, _, _) in prev_events_and_hashes)
 
         current_state_ids = yield self.state_handler.get_current_state_ids(
-            room_id, latest_event_ids=latest_event_ids,
+            room_id, latest_event_ids=latest_event_ids
         )
 
         # TODO: Refactor into dictionary of explicitly allowed transitions
@@ -475,13 +452,13 @@ class RoomMemberHandler(object):
                     403,
                     "Cannot unban user who was not banned"
                     " (membership=%s)" % old_membership,
-                    errcode=Codes.BAD_STATE
+                    errcode=Codes.BAD_STATE,
                 )
             if old_membership == "ban" and action != "unban":
                 raise SynapseError(
                     403,
                     "Cannot %s user who was banned" % (action,),
-                    errcode=Codes.BAD_STATE
+                    errcode=Codes.BAD_STATE,
                 )
 
             if old_state:
@@ -497,8 +474,8 @@ class RoomMemberHandler(object):
             # we don't allow people to reject invites to the server notice
             # room, but they can leave it once they are joined.
             if (
-                old_membership == Membership.INVITE and
-                effective_membership_state == Membership.LEAVE
+                old_membership == Membership.INVITE
+                and effective_membership_state == Membership.LEAVE
             ):
                 is_blocked = yield self._is_server_notice_room(room_id)
                 if is_blocked:
@@ -521,27 +498,24 @@ class RoomMemberHandler(object):
                     # so don't really fit into the general auth process.
                     raise AuthError(403, "Guest access not allowed")
 
-            if (self._server_notices_mxid is not None and
-                    requester.user.to_string() == self._server_notices_mxid):
+            if (
+                self._server_notices_mxid is not None
+                and requester.user.to_string() == self._server_notices_mxid
+            ):
                 # allow the server notices mxid to join rooms
                 is_requester_admin = True
 
             else:
-                is_requester_admin = yield self.auth.is_server_admin(
-                    requester.user,
-                )
+                is_requester_admin = yield self.auth.is_server_admin(requester.user)
 
             inviter = yield self._get_inviter(target.to_string(), room_id)
             if not is_requester_admin:
                 # We assume that if the spam checker allowed the user to create
                 # a room then they're allowed to join it.
                 if not new_room and not self.spam_checker.user_may_join_room(
-                    target.to_string(), room_id,
-                    is_invited=inviter is not None,
+                    target.to_string(), room_id, is_invited=inviter is not None
                 ):
-                    raise SynapseError(
-                        403, "Not allowed to join this room",
-                    )
+                    raise SynapseError(403, "Not allowed to join this room")
 
             if not is_host_in_room:
                 if inviter and not self.hs.is_mine(inviter):
@@ -580,7 +554,7 @@ class RoomMemberHandler(object):
                     # send the rejection to the inviter's HS.
                     remote_room_hosts = remote_room_hosts + [inviter.domain]
                     res = yield self._remote_reject_invite(
-                        requester, remote_room_hosts, room_id, target,
+                        requester, remote_room_hosts, room_id, target
                     )
                     defer.returnValue(res)
 
@@ -599,12 +573,7 @@ class RoomMemberHandler(object):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def send_membership_event(
-            self,
-            requester,
-            event,
-            context,
-            remote_room_hosts=None,
-            ratelimit=True,
+        self, requester, event, context, remote_room_hosts=None, ratelimit=True
     ):
         """
         Change the membership status of a user in a room.
@@ -631,15 +600,14 @@ class RoomMemberHandler(object):
         if requester is not None:
             sender = UserID.from_string(event.sender)
             assert sender == requester.user, (
-                "Sender (%s) must be same as requester (%s)" %
-                (sender, requester.user)
+                "Sender (%s) must be same as requester (%s)" % (sender, requester.user)
             )
             assert self.hs.is_mine(sender), "Sender must be our own: %s" % (sender,)
         else:
             requester = synapse.types.create_requester(target_user)
 
         prev_event = yield self.event_creation_handler.deduplicate_state_event(
-            event, context,
+            event, context
         )
         if prev_event is not None:
             return
@@ -659,16 +627,11 @@ class RoomMemberHandler(object):
                 raise SynapseError(403, "This room has been blocked on this server")
 
         yield self.event_creation_handler.handle_new_client_event(
-            requester,
-            event,
-            context,
-            extra_users=[target_user],
-            ratelimit=ratelimit,
+            requester, event, context, extra_users=[target_user], ratelimit=ratelimit
         )
 
         prev_member_event_id = prev_state_ids.get(
-            (EventTypes.Member, event.state_key),
-            None
+            (EventTypes.Member, event.state_key), None
         )
 
         if event.membership == Membership.JOIN:
@@ -738,99 +701,82 @@ class RoomMemberHandler(object):
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _get_inviter(self, user_id, room_id):
         invite = yield self.store.get_invite_for_user_in_room(
-            user_id=user_id,
-            room_id=room_id,
+            user_id=user_id, room_id=room_id
         )
         if invite:
             defer.returnValue(UserID.from_string(invite.sender))
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def do_3pid_invite(
-            self,
-            room_id,
-            inviter,
-            medium,
-            address,
-            id_server,
-            requester,
-            txn_id,
-            new_room=False,
+        self,
+        room_id,
+        inviter,
+        medium,
+        address,
+        id_server,
+        requester,
+        txn_id,
+        new_room=False,
     ):
         if self.config.block_non_admin_invites:
-            is_requester_admin = yield self.auth.is_server_admin(
-                requester.user,
-            )
+            is_requester_admin = yield self.auth.is_server_admin(requester.user)
             if not is_requester_admin:
                 raise SynapseError(
-                    403, "Invites have been disabled on this server",
-                    Codes.FORBIDDEN,
+                    403, "Invites have been disabled on this server", Codes.FORBIDDEN
                 )
 
         # We need to rate limit *before* we send out any 3PID invites, so we
         # can't just rely on the standard ratelimiting of events.
         self.ratelimiter.ratelimit(
-            requester.user.to_string(), time_now_s=self.hs.clock.time(),
+            requester.user.to_string(),
+            time_now_s=self.hs.clock.time(),
             rate_hz=self.hs.config.rc_third_party_invite.per_second,
             burst_count=self.hs.config.rc_third_party_invite.burst_count,
             update=True,
         )
 
         can_invite = yield self.third_party_event_rules.check_threepid_can_be_invited(
-            medium, address, room_id,
+            medium, address, room_id
         )
         if not can_invite:
             raise SynapseError(
-                403, "This third-party identifier can not be invited in this room",
+                403,
+                "This third-party identifier can not be invited in this room",
                 Codes.FORBIDDEN,
             )
 
         can_invite = yield self.third_party_event_rules.check_threepid_can_be_invited(
-            medium, address, room_id,
+            medium, address, room_id
         )
         if not can_invite:
             raise SynapseError(
-                403, "This third-party identifier can not be invited in this room",
+                403,
+                "This third-party identifier can not be invited in this room",
                 Codes.FORBIDDEN,
             )
 
-        invitee = yield self._lookup_3pid(
-            id_server, medium, address
-        )
+        invitee = yield self._lookup_3pid(id_server, medium, address)
 
         is_published = yield self.store.is_room_published(room_id)
 
         if not self.spam_checker.user_may_invite(
-            requester.user.to_string(), invitee,
-            third_party_invite={
-                "medium": medium,
-                "address": address,
-            },
+            requester.user.to_string(),
+            invitee,
+            third_party_invite={"medium": medium, "address": address},
             room_id=room_id,
             new_room=new_room,
             published_room=is_published,
         ):
             logger.info("Blocking invite due to spam checker")
-            raise SynapseError(
-                403, "Invites have been disabled on this server",
-            )
+            raise SynapseError(403, "Invites have been disabled on this server")
 
         if invitee:
             yield self.update_membership(
-                requester,
-                UserID.from_string(invitee),
-                room_id,
-                "invite",
-                txn_id=txn_id,
+                requester, UserID.from_string(invitee), room_id, "invite", txn_id=txn_id
             )
         else:
             yield self._make_and_store_3pid_invite(
-                requester,
-                id_server,
-                medium,
-                address,
-                room_id,
-                inviter,
-                txn_id=txn_id
+                requester, id_server, medium, address, room_id, inviter, txn_id=txn_id
             )
 
     def _get_id_server_target(self, id_server):
@@ -869,14 +815,7 @@ class RoomMemberHandler(object):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _make_and_store_3pid_invite(
-            self,
-            requester,
-            id_server,
-            medium,
-            address,
-            room_id,
-            user,
-            txn_id
+        self, requester, id_server, medium, address, room_id, user, txn_id
     ):
         room_state = yield self.state_handler.get_current_state(room_id)
 
@@ -924,7 +863,7 @@ class RoomMemberHandler(object):
                 room_join_rules=room_join_rules,
                 room_name=room_name,
                 inviter_display_name=inviter_display_name,
-                inviter_avatar_url=inviter_avatar_url
+                inviter_avatar_url=inviter_avatar_url,
             )
         )
 
@@ -935,7 +874,6 @@ class RoomMemberHandler(object):
                 "content": {
                     "display_name": display_name,
                     "public_keys": public_keys,
-
                     # For backwards compatibility:
                     "key_validity_url": fallback_public_key["key_validity_url"],
                     "public_key": fallback_public_key["public_key"],
@@ -950,19 +888,19 @@ class RoomMemberHandler(object):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _ask_id_server_for_third_party_invite(
-            self,
-            requester,
-            id_server,
-            medium,
-            address,
-            room_id,
-            inviter_user_id,
-            room_alias,
-            room_avatar_url,
-            room_join_rules,
-            room_name,
-            inviter_display_name,
-            inviter_avatar_url
+        self,
+        requester,
+        id_server,
+        medium,
+        address,
+        room_id,
+        inviter_user_id,
+        room_alias,
+        room_avatar_url,
+        room_join_rules,
+        room_name,
+        inviter_display_name,
+        inviter_avatar_url,
     ):
         """
         Asks an identity server for a third party invite.
@@ -995,7 +933,8 @@ class RoomMemberHandler(object):
 
         target = self._get_id_server_target(id_server)
         is_url = "%s%s/_matrix/identity/api/v1/store-invite" % (
-            id_server_scheme, target,
+            id_server_scheme,
+            target,
         )
 
         invite_config = {
@@ -1019,14 +958,15 @@ class RoomMemberHandler(object):
                 inviter_user_id=inviter_user_id,
             )
 
-            invite_config.update({
-                "guest_access_token": guest_access_token,
-                "guest_user_id": guest_user_id,
-            })
+            invite_config.update(
+                {
+                    "guest_access_token": guest_access_token,
+                    "guest_user_id": guest_user_id,
+                }
+            )
 
         data = yield self.simple_http_client.post_urlencoded_get_json(
-            is_url,
-            invite_config
+            is_url, invite_config
         )
         # TODO: Check for success
         token = data["token"]
@@ -1034,9 +974,8 @@ class RoomMemberHandler(object):
         if "public_key" in data:
             fallback_public_key = {
                 "public_key": data["public_key"],
-                "key_validity_url": "%s%s/_matrix/identity/api/v1/pubkey/isvalid" % (
-                    id_server_scheme, target,
-                ),
+                "key_validity_url": "%s%s/_matrix/identity/api/v1/pubkey/isvalid"
+                % (id_server_scheme, target),
             }
         else:
             fallback_public_key = public_keys[0]
@@ -1105,10 +1044,7 @@ class RoomMemberMasterHandler(RoomMemberHandler):
         # that we are allowed to join when we decide whether or not we
         # need to do the invite/join dance.
         yield self.federation_handler.do_invite_join(
-            remote_room_hosts,
-            room_id,
-            user.to_string(),
-            content,
+            remote_room_hosts, room_id, user.to_string(), content
         )
         yield self._user_joined_room(user, room_id)
 
@@ -1119,9 +1055,7 @@ class RoomMemberMasterHandler(RoomMemberHandler):
         fed_handler = self.federation_handler
         try:
             ret = yield fed_handler.do_remotely_reject_invite(
-                remote_room_hosts,
-                room_id,
-                target.to_string(),
+                remote_room_hosts, room_id, target.to_string()
             )
             defer.returnValue(ret)
         except Exception as e:
@@ -1133,9 +1067,7 @@ class RoomMemberMasterHandler(RoomMemberHandler):
             #
             logger.warn("Failed to reject invite: %s", e)
 
-            yield self.store.locally_reject_invite(
-                target.to_string(), room_id
-            )
+            yield self.store.locally_reject_invite(target.to_string(), room_id)
             defer.returnValue({})
 
     def get_or_register_3pid_guest(self, requester, medium, address, inviter_user_id):
@@ -1159,18 +1091,15 @@ class RoomMemberMasterHandler(RoomMemberHandler):
         user_id = user.to_string()
 
         member = yield self.state_handler.get_current_state(
-            room_id=room_id,
-            event_type=EventTypes.Member,
-            state_key=user_id
+            room_id=room_id, event_type=EventTypes.Member, state_key=user_id
         )
         membership = member.membership if member else None
 
         if membership is not None and membership not in [
-            Membership.LEAVE, Membership.BAN
+            Membership.LEAVE,
+            Membership.BAN,
         ]:
-            raise SynapseError(400, "User %s in room %s" % (
-                user_id, room_id
-            ))
+            raise SynapseError(400, "User %s in room %s" % (user_id, room_id))
 
         if membership:
             yield self.store.forget(user_id, room_id)
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/room_member_worker.py b/synapse/handlers/room_member_worker.py
index acc6eb8099..da501f38c0 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/room_member_worker.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/room_member_worker.py
@@ -71,18 +71,14 @@ class RoomMemberWorkerHandler(RoomMemberHandler):
         """Implements RoomMemberHandler._user_joined_room
         """
         return self._notify_change_client(
-            user_id=target.to_string(),
-            room_id=room_id,
-            change="joined",
+            user_id=target.to_string(), room_id=room_id, change="joined"
         )
 
     def _user_left_room(self, target, room_id):
         """Implements RoomMemberHandler._user_left_room
         """
         return self._notify_change_client(
-            user_id=target.to_string(),
-            room_id=room_id,
-            change="left",
+            user_id=target.to_string(), room_id=room_id, change="left"
         )
 
     def get_or_register_3pid_guest(self, requester, medium, address, inviter_user_id):
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/search.py b/synapse/handlers/search.py
index 9bba74d6c9..ddc4430d03 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/search.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/search.py
@@ -32,7 +32,6 @@ logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
 class SearchHandler(BaseHandler):
-
     def __init__(self, hs):
         super(SearchHandler, self).__init__(hs)
         self._event_serializer = hs.get_event_client_serializer()
@@ -93,7 +92,7 @@ class SearchHandler(BaseHandler):
         batch_token = None
         if batch:
             try:
-                b = decode_base64(batch).decode('ascii')
+                b = decode_base64(batch).decode("ascii")
                 batch_group, batch_group_key, batch_token = b.split("\n")
 
                 assert batch_group is not None
@@ -104,7 +103,9 @@ class SearchHandler(BaseHandler):
 
         logger.info(
             "Search batch properties: %r, %r, %r",
-            batch_group, batch_group_key, batch_token,
+            batch_group,
+            batch_group_key,
+            batch_token,
         )
 
         logger.info("Search content: %s", content)
@@ -116,9 +117,9 @@ class SearchHandler(BaseHandler):
             search_term = room_cat["search_term"]
 
             # Which "keys" to search over in FTS query
-            keys = room_cat.get("keys", [
-                "content.body", "content.name", "content.topic",
-            ])
+            keys = room_cat.get(
+                "keys", ["content.body", "content.name", "content.topic"]
+            )
 
             # Filter to apply to results
             filter_dict = room_cat.get("filter", {})
@@ -130,9 +131,7 @@ class SearchHandler(BaseHandler):
             include_state = room_cat.get("include_state", False)
 
             # Include context around each event?
-            event_context = room_cat.get(
-                "event_context", None
-            )
+            event_context = room_cat.get("event_context", None)
 
             # Group results together? May allow clients to paginate within a
             # group
@@ -140,12 +139,8 @@ class SearchHandler(BaseHandler):
             group_keys = [g["key"] for g in group_by]
 
             if event_context is not None:
-                before_limit = int(event_context.get(
-                    "before_limit", 5
-                ))
-                after_limit = int(event_context.get(
-                    "after_limit", 5
-                ))
+                before_limit = int(event_context.get("before_limit", 5))
+                after_limit = int(event_context.get("after_limit", 5))
 
                 # Return the historic display name and avatar for the senders
                 # of the events?
@@ -159,7 +154,8 @@ class SearchHandler(BaseHandler):
         if set(group_keys) - {"room_id", "sender"}:
             raise SynapseError(
                 400,
-                "Invalid group by keys: %r" % (set(group_keys) - {"room_id", "sender"},)
+                "Invalid group by keys: %r"
+                % (set(group_keys) - {"room_id", "sender"},),
             )
 
         search_filter = Filter(filter_dict)
@@ -190,15 +186,13 @@ class SearchHandler(BaseHandler):
             room_ids.intersection_update({batch_group_key})
 
         if not room_ids:
-            defer.returnValue({
-                "search_categories": {
-                    "room_events": {
-                        "results": [],
-                        "count": 0,
-                        "highlights": [],
+            defer.returnValue(
+                {
+                    "search_categories": {
+                        "room_events": {"results": [], "count": 0, "highlights": []}
                     }
                 }
-            })
+            )
 
         rank_map = {}  # event_id -> rank of event
         allowed_events = []
@@ -213,9 +207,7 @@ class SearchHandler(BaseHandler):
         count = None
 
         if order_by == "rank":
-            search_result = yield self.store.search_msgs(
-                room_ids, search_term, keys
-            )
+            search_result = yield self.store.search_msgs(room_ids, search_term, keys)
 
             count = search_result["count"]
 
@@ -235,19 +227,17 @@ class SearchHandler(BaseHandler):
             )
 
             events.sort(key=lambda e: -rank_map[e.event_id])
-            allowed_events = events[:search_filter.limit()]
+            allowed_events = events[: search_filter.limit()]
 
             for e in allowed_events:
-                rm = room_groups.setdefault(e.room_id, {
-                    "results": [],
-                    "order": rank_map[e.event_id],
-                })
+                rm = room_groups.setdefault(
+                    e.room_id, {"results": [], "order": rank_map[e.event_id]}
+                )
                 rm["results"].append(e.event_id)
 
-                s = sender_group.setdefault(e.sender, {
-                    "results": [],
-                    "order": rank_map[e.event_id],
-                })
+                s = sender_group.setdefault(
+                    e.sender, {"results": [], "order": rank_map[e.event_id]}
+                )
                 s["results"].append(e.event_id)
 
         elif order_by == "recent":
@@ -262,7 +252,10 @@ class SearchHandler(BaseHandler):
             while len(room_events) < search_filter.limit() and i < 5:
                 i += 1
                 search_result = yield self.store.search_rooms(
-                    room_ids, search_term, keys, search_filter.limit() * 2,
+                    room_ids,
+                    search_term,
+                    keys,
+                    search_filter.limit() * 2,
                     pagination_token=pagination_token,
                 )
 
@@ -277,16 +270,14 @@ class SearchHandler(BaseHandler):
 
                 rank_map.update({r["event"].event_id: r["rank"] for r in results})
 
-                filtered_events = search_filter.filter([
-                    r["event"] for r in results
-                ])
+                filtered_events = search_filter.filter([r["event"] for r in results])
 
                 events = yield filter_events_for_client(
                     self.store, user.to_string(), filtered_events
                 )
 
                 room_events.extend(events)
-                room_events = room_events[:search_filter.limit()]
+                room_events = room_events[: search_filter.limit()]
 
                 if len(results) < search_filter.limit() * 2:
                     pagination_token = None
@@ -295,9 +286,7 @@ class SearchHandler(BaseHandler):
                     pagination_token = results[-1]["pagination_token"]
 
             for event in room_events:
-                group = room_groups.setdefault(event.room_id, {
-                    "results": [],
-                })
+                group = room_groups.setdefault(event.room_id, {"results": []})
                 group["results"].append(event.event_id)
 
             if room_events and len(room_events) >= search_filter.limit():
@@ -309,18 +298,23 @@ class SearchHandler(BaseHandler):
                 # it returns more from the same group (if applicable) rather
                 # than reverting to searching all results again.
                 if batch_group and batch_group_key:
-                    global_next_batch = encode_base64(("%s\n%s\n%s" % (
-                        batch_group, batch_group_key, pagination_token
-                    )).encode('ascii'))
+                    global_next_batch = encode_base64(
+                        (
+                            "%s\n%s\n%s"
+                            % (batch_group, batch_group_key, pagination_token)
+                        ).encode("ascii")
+                    )
                 else:
-                    global_next_batch = encode_base64(("%s\n%s\n%s" % (
-                        "all", "", pagination_token
-                    )).encode('ascii'))
+                    global_next_batch = encode_base64(
+                        ("%s\n%s\n%s" % ("all", "", pagination_token)).encode("ascii")
+                    )
 
                 for room_id, group in room_groups.items():
-                    group["next_batch"] = encode_base64(("%s\n%s\n%s" % (
-                        "room_id", room_id, pagination_token
-                    )).encode('ascii'))
+                    group["next_batch"] = encode_base64(
+                        ("%s\n%s\n%s" % ("room_id", room_id, pagination_token)).encode(
+                            "ascii"
+                        )
+                    )
 
             allowed_events.extend(room_events)
 
@@ -338,12 +332,13 @@ class SearchHandler(BaseHandler):
             contexts = {}
             for event in allowed_events:
                 res = yield self.store.get_events_around(
-                    event.room_id, event.event_id, before_limit, after_limit,
+                    event.room_id, event.event_id, before_limit, after_limit
                 )
 
                 logger.info(
                     "Context for search returned %d and %d events",
-                    len(res["events_before"]), len(res["events_after"]),
+                    len(res["events_before"]),
+                    len(res["events_after"]),
                 )
 
                 res["events_before"] = yield filter_events_for_client(
@@ -403,12 +398,12 @@ class SearchHandler(BaseHandler):
         for context in contexts.values():
             context["events_before"] = (
                 yield self._event_serializer.serialize_events(
-                    context["events_before"], time_now,
+                    context["events_before"], time_now
                 )
             )
             context["events_after"] = (
                 yield self._event_serializer.serialize_events(
-                    context["events_after"], time_now,
+                    context["events_after"], time_now
                 )
             )
 
@@ -426,11 +421,15 @@ class SearchHandler(BaseHandler):
 
         results = []
         for e in allowed_events:
-            results.append({
-                "rank": rank_map[e.event_id],
-                "result": (yield self._event_serializer.serialize_event(e, time_now)),
-                "context": contexts.get(e.event_id, {}),
-            })
+            results.append(
+                {
+                    "rank": rank_map[e.event_id],
+                    "result": (
+                        yield self._event_serializer.serialize_event(e, time_now)
+                    ),
+                    "context": contexts.get(e.event_id, {}),
+                }
+            )
 
         rooms_cat_res = {
             "results": results,
@@ -442,7 +441,7 @@ class SearchHandler(BaseHandler):
             s = {}
             for room_id, state in state_results.items():
                 s[room_id] = yield self._event_serializer.serialize_events(
-                    state, time_now,
+                    state, time_now
                 )
 
             rooms_cat_res["state"] = s
@@ -456,8 +455,4 @@ class SearchHandler(BaseHandler):
         if global_next_batch:
             rooms_cat_res["next_batch"] = global_next_batch
 
-        defer.returnValue({
-            "search_categories": {
-                "room_events": rooms_cat_res
-            }
-        })
+        defer.returnValue({"search_categories": {"room_events": rooms_cat_res}})
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/set_password.py b/synapse/handlers/set_password.py
index b556d23173..dea9a3bc77 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/set_password.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/set_password.py
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 class SetPasswordHandler(BaseHandler):
     """Handler which deals with changing user account passwords"""
+
     def __init__(self, hs):
         super(SetPasswordHandler, self).__init__(hs)
         self._auth_handler = hs.get_auth_handler()
@@ -51,11 +52,11 @@ class SetPasswordHandler(BaseHandler):
         # we want to log out all of the user's other sessions. First delete
         # all his other devices.
         yield self._device_handler.delete_all_devices_for_user(
-            user_id, except_device_id=except_device_id,
+            user_id, except_device_id=except_device_id
         )
 
         # and now delete any access tokens which weren't associated with
         # devices (or were associated with this device).
         yield self._auth_handler.delete_access_tokens_for_user(
-            user_id, except_token_id=except_access_token_id,
+            user_id, except_token_id=except_access_token_id
         )
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/state_deltas.py b/synapse/handlers/state_deltas.py
index b268bbcb2c..6b364befd5 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/state_deltas.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/state_deltas.py
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
 class StateDeltasHandler(object):
-
     def __init__(self, hs):
         self.store = hs.get_datastore()
 
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/stats.py b/synapse/handlers/stats.py
index 7ad16c8566..a0ee8db988 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/stats.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/stats.py
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ class StatsHandler(StateDeltasHandler):
                 prev_event_content = {}
                 if prev_event_id is not None:
                     prev_event = yield self.store.get_event(
-                        prev_event_id, allow_none=True,
+                        prev_event_id, allow_none=True
                     )
                     if prev_event:
                         prev_event_content = prev_event.content
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/sync.py b/synapse/handlers/sync.py
index 62fda0c664..c5188a1f8e 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/sync.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/sync.py
@@ -64,20 +64,14 @@ LAZY_LOADED_MEMBERS_CACHE_MAX_AGE = 30 * 60 * 1000
 LAZY_LOADED_MEMBERS_CACHE_MAX_SIZE = 100
 
 
-SyncConfig = collections.namedtuple("SyncConfig", [
-    "user",
-    "filter_collection",
-    "is_guest",
-    "request_key",
-    "device_id",
-])
-
-
-class TimelineBatch(collections.namedtuple("TimelineBatch", [
-    "prev_batch",
-    "events",
-    "limited",
-])):
+SyncConfig = collections.namedtuple(
+    "SyncConfig", ["user", "filter_collection", "is_guest", "request_key", "device_id"]
+)
+
+
+class TimelineBatch(
+    collections.namedtuple("TimelineBatch", ["prev_batch", "events", "limited"])
+):
     __slots__ = []
 
     def __nonzero__(self):
@@ -85,18 +79,24 @@ class TimelineBatch(collections.namedtuple("TimelineBatch", [
         to tell if room needs to be part of the sync result.
         """
         return bool(self.events)
+
     __bool__ = __nonzero__  # python3
 
 
-class JoinedSyncResult(collections.namedtuple("JoinedSyncResult", [
-    "room_id",           # str
-    "timeline",          # TimelineBatch
-    "state",             # dict[(str, str), FrozenEvent]
-    "ephemeral",
-    "account_data",
-    "unread_notifications",
-    "summary",
-])):
+class JoinedSyncResult(
+    collections.namedtuple(
+        "JoinedSyncResult",
+        [
+            "room_id",  # str
+            "timeline",  # TimelineBatch
+            "state",  # dict[(str, str), FrozenEvent]
+            "ephemeral",
+            "account_data",
+            "unread_notifications",
+            "summary",
+        ],
+    )
+):
     __slots__ = []
 
     def __nonzero__(self):
@@ -111,77 +111,93 @@ class JoinedSyncResult(collections.namedtuple("JoinedSyncResult", [
             # nb the notification count does not, er, count: if there's nothing
             # else in the result, we don't need to send it.
         )
+
     __bool__ = __nonzero__  # python3
 
 
-class ArchivedSyncResult(collections.namedtuple("ArchivedSyncResult", [
-    "room_id",            # str
-    "timeline",           # TimelineBatch
-    "state",              # dict[(str, str), FrozenEvent]
-    "account_data",
-])):
+class ArchivedSyncResult(
+    collections.namedtuple(
+        "ArchivedSyncResult",
+        [
+            "room_id",  # str
+            "timeline",  # TimelineBatch
+            "state",  # dict[(str, str), FrozenEvent]
+            "account_data",
+        ],
+    )
+):
     __slots__ = []
 
     def __nonzero__(self):
         """Make the result appear empty if there are no updates. This is used
         to tell if room needs to be part of the sync result.
         """
-        return bool(
-            self.timeline
-            or self.state
-            or self.account_data
-        )
+        return bool(self.timeline or self.state or self.account_data)
+
     __bool__ = __nonzero__  # python3
 
 
-class InvitedSyncResult(collections.namedtuple("InvitedSyncResult", [
-    "room_id",   # str
-    "invite",    # FrozenEvent: the invite event
-])):
+class InvitedSyncResult(
+    collections.namedtuple(
+        "InvitedSyncResult",
+        ["room_id", "invite"],  # str  # FrozenEvent: the invite event
+    )
+):
     __slots__ = []
 
     def __nonzero__(self):
         """Invited rooms should always be reported to the client"""
         return True
+
     __bool__ = __nonzero__  # python3
 
 
-class GroupsSyncResult(collections.namedtuple("GroupsSyncResult", [
-    "join",
-    "invite",
-    "leave",
-])):
+class GroupsSyncResult(
+    collections.namedtuple("GroupsSyncResult", ["join", "invite", "leave"])
+):
     __slots__ = []
 
     def __nonzero__(self):
         return bool(self.join or self.invite or self.leave)
+
     __bool__ = __nonzero__  # python3
 
 
-class DeviceLists(collections.namedtuple("DeviceLists", [
-    "changed",   # list of user_ids whose devices may have changed
-    "left",      # list of user_ids whose devices we no longer track
-])):
+class DeviceLists(
+    collections.namedtuple(
+        "DeviceLists",
+        [
+            "changed",  # list of user_ids whose devices may have changed
+            "left",  # list of user_ids whose devices we no longer track
+        ],
+    )
+):
     __slots__ = []
 
     def __nonzero__(self):
         return bool(self.changed or self.left)
+
     __bool__ = __nonzero__  # python3
 
 
-class SyncResult(collections.namedtuple("SyncResult", [
-    "next_batch",  # Token for the next sync
-    "presence",  # List of presence events for the user.
-    "account_data",  # List of account_data events for the user.
-    "joined",  # JoinedSyncResult for each joined room.
-    "invited",  # InvitedSyncResult for each invited room.
-    "archived",  # ArchivedSyncResult for each archived room.
-    "to_device",  # List of direct messages for the device.
-    "device_lists",  # List of user_ids whose devices have changed
-    "device_one_time_keys_count",  # Dict of algorithm to count for one time keys
-                                   # for this device
-    "groups",
-])):
+class SyncResult(
+    collections.namedtuple(
+        "SyncResult",
+        [
+            "next_batch",  # Token for the next sync
+            "presence",  # List of presence events for the user.
+            "account_data",  # List of account_data events for the user.
+            "joined",  # JoinedSyncResult for each joined room.
+            "invited",  # InvitedSyncResult for each invited room.
+            "archived",  # ArchivedSyncResult for each archived room.
+            "to_device",  # List of direct messages for the device.
+            "device_lists",  # List of user_ids whose devices have changed
+            "device_one_time_keys_count",  # Dict of algorithm to count for one time keys
+            # for this device
+            "groups",
+        ],
+    )
+):
     __slots__ = []
 
     def __nonzero__(self):
@@ -190,20 +206,20 @@ class SyncResult(collections.namedtuple("SyncResult", [
         events.
         """
         return bool(
-            self.presence or
-            self.joined or
-            self.invited or
-            self.archived or
-            self.account_data or
-            self.to_device or
-            self.device_lists or
-            self.groups
+            self.presence
+            or self.joined
+            or self.invited
+            or self.archived
+            or self.account_data
+            or self.to_device
+            or self.device_lists
+            or self.groups
         )
+
     __bool__ = __nonzero__  # python3
 
 
 class SyncHandler(object):
-
     def __init__(self, hs):
         self.hs_config = hs.config
         self.store = hs.get_datastore()
@@ -217,13 +233,16 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
 
         # ExpiringCache((User, Device)) -> LruCache(state_key => event_id)
         self.lazy_loaded_members_cache = ExpiringCache(
-            "lazy_loaded_members_cache", self.clock,
-            max_len=0, expiry_ms=LAZY_LOADED_MEMBERS_CACHE_MAX_AGE,
+            "lazy_loaded_members_cache",
+            self.clock,
+            max_len=0,
+            expiry_ms=LAZY_LOADED_MEMBERS_CACHE_MAX_AGE,
         )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def wait_for_sync_for_user(self, sync_config, since_token=None, timeout=0,
-                               full_state=False):
+    def wait_for_sync_for_user(
+        self, sync_config, since_token=None, timeout=0, full_state=False
+    ):
         """Get the sync for a client if we have new data for it now. Otherwise
         wait for new data to arrive on the server. If the timeout expires, then
         return an empty sync result.
@@ -239,13 +258,15 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
         res = yield self.response_cache.wrap(
             sync_config.request_key,
             self._wait_for_sync_for_user,
-            sync_config, since_token, timeout, full_state,
+            sync_config,
+            since_token,
+            timeout,
+            full_state,
         )
         defer.returnValue(res)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _wait_for_sync_for_user(self, sync_config, since_token, timeout,
-                                full_state):
+    def _wait_for_sync_for_user(self, sync_config, since_token, timeout, full_state):
         if since_token is None:
             sync_type = "initial_sync"
         elif full_state:
@@ -261,14 +282,17 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
             # we are going to return immediately, so don't bother calling
             # notifier.wait_for_events.
             result = yield self.current_sync_for_user(
-                sync_config, since_token, full_state=full_state,
+                sync_config, since_token, full_state=full_state
             )
         else:
+
             def current_sync_callback(before_token, after_token):
                 return self.current_sync_for_user(sync_config, since_token)
 
             result = yield self.notifier.wait_for_events(
-                sync_config.user.to_string(), timeout, current_sync_callback,
+                sync_config.user.to_string(),
+                timeout,
+                current_sync_callback,
                 from_token=since_token,
             )
 
@@ -281,8 +305,7 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
 
         defer.returnValue(result)
 
-    def current_sync_for_user(self, sync_config, since_token=None,
-                              full_state=False):
+    def current_sync_for_user(self, sync_config, since_token=None, full_state=False):
         """Get the sync for client needed to match what the server has now.
         Returns:
             A Deferred SyncResult.
@@ -334,8 +357,7 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
                 # result returned by the event source is poor form (it might cache
                 # the object)
                 room_id = event["room_id"]
-                event_copy = {k: v for (k, v) in iteritems(event)
-                              if k != "room_id"}
+                event_copy = {k: v for (k, v) in iteritems(event) if k != "room_id"}
                 ephemeral_by_room.setdefault(room_id, []).append(event_copy)
 
             receipt_key = since_token.receipt_key if since_token else "0"
@@ -353,22 +375,30 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
             for event in receipts:
                 room_id = event["room_id"]
                 # exclude room id, as above
-                event_copy = {k: v for (k, v) in iteritems(event)
-                              if k != "room_id"}
+                event_copy = {k: v for (k, v) in iteritems(event) if k != "room_id"}
                 ephemeral_by_room.setdefault(room_id, []).append(event_copy)
 
         defer.returnValue((now_token, ephemeral_by_room))
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _load_filtered_recents(self, room_id, sync_config, now_token,
-                               since_token=None, recents=None, newly_joined_room=False):
+    def _load_filtered_recents(
+        self,
+        room_id,
+        sync_config,
+        now_token,
+        since_token=None,
+        recents=None,
+        newly_joined_room=False,
+    ):
         """
         Returns:
             a Deferred TimelineBatch
         """
         with Measure(self.clock, "load_filtered_recents"):
             timeline_limit = sync_config.filter_collection.timeline_limit()
-            block_all_timeline = sync_config.filter_collection.blocks_all_room_timeline()
+            block_all_timeline = (
+                sync_config.filter_collection.blocks_all_room_timeline()
+            )
 
             if recents is None or newly_joined_room or timeline_limit < len(recents):
                 limited = True
@@ -396,11 +426,9 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
                 recents = []
 
             if not limited or block_all_timeline:
-                defer.returnValue(TimelineBatch(
-                    events=recents,
-                    prev_batch=now_token,
-                    limited=False
-                ))
+                defer.returnValue(
+                    TimelineBatch(events=recents, prev_batch=now_token, limited=False)
+                )
 
             filtering_factor = 2
             load_limit = max(timeline_limit * filtering_factor, 10)
@@ -427,9 +455,7 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
                     )
                 else:
                     events, end_key = yield self.store.get_recent_events_for_room(
-                        room_id,
-                        limit=load_limit + 1,
-                        end_token=end_key,
+                        room_id, limit=load_limit + 1, end_token=end_key
                     )
                 loaded_recents = sync_config.filter_collection.filter_room_timeline(
                     events
@@ -462,15 +488,15 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
                 recents = recents[-timeline_limit:]
                 room_key = recents[0].internal_metadata.before
 
-            prev_batch_token = now_token.copy_and_replace(
-                "room_key", room_key
-            )
+            prev_batch_token = now_token.copy_and_replace("room_key", room_key)
 
-        defer.returnValue(TimelineBatch(
-            events=recents,
-            prev_batch=prev_batch_token,
-            limited=limited or newly_joined_room
-        ))
+        defer.returnValue(
+            TimelineBatch(
+                events=recents,
+                prev_batch=prev_batch_token,
+                limited=limited or newly_joined_room,
+            )
+        )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_state_after_event(self, event, state_filter=StateFilter.all()):
@@ -486,7 +512,7 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
             A Deferred map from ((type, state_key)->Event)
         """
         state_ids = yield self.store.get_state_ids_for_event(
-            event.event_id, state_filter=state_filter,
+            event.event_id, state_filter=state_filter
         )
         if event.is_state():
             state_ids = state_ids.copy()
@@ -511,13 +537,13 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
         # does not reliably give you the state at the given stream position.
         # (https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/3305)
         last_events, _ = yield self.store.get_recent_events_for_room(
-            room_id, end_token=stream_position.room_key, limit=1,
+            room_id, end_token=stream_position.room_key, limit=1
         )
 
         if last_events:
             last_event = last_events[-1]
             state = yield self.get_state_after_event(
-                last_event, state_filter=state_filter,
+                last_event, state_filter=state_filter
             )
 
         else:
@@ -549,7 +575,7 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
 
         # FIXME: this promulgates https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/3305
         last_events, _ = yield self.store.get_recent_event_ids_for_room(
-            room_id, end_token=now_token.room_key, limit=1,
+            room_id, end_token=now_token.room_key, limit=1
         )
 
         if not last_events:
@@ -559,28 +585,25 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
         last_event = last_events[-1]
         state_ids = yield self.store.get_state_ids_for_event(
             last_event.event_id,
-            state_filter=StateFilter.from_types([
-                (EventTypes.Name, ''),
-                (EventTypes.CanonicalAlias, ''),
-            ]),
+            state_filter=StateFilter.from_types(
+                [(EventTypes.Name, ""), (EventTypes.CanonicalAlias, "")]
+            ),
         )
 
         # this is heavily cached, thus: fast.
         details = yield self.store.get_room_summary(room_id)
 
-        name_id = state_ids.get((EventTypes.Name, ''))
-        canonical_alias_id = state_ids.get((EventTypes.CanonicalAlias, ''))
+        name_id = state_ids.get((EventTypes.Name, ""))
+        canonical_alias_id = state_ids.get((EventTypes.CanonicalAlias, ""))
 
         summary = {}
         empty_ms = MemberSummary([], 0)
 
         # TODO: only send these when they change.
-        summary["m.joined_member_count"] = (
-            details.get(Membership.JOIN, empty_ms).count
-        )
-        summary["m.invited_member_count"] = (
-            details.get(Membership.INVITE, empty_ms).count
-        )
+        summary["m.joined_member_count"] = details.get(Membership.JOIN, empty_ms).count
+        summary["m.invited_member_count"] = details.get(
+            Membership.INVITE, empty_ms
+        ).count
 
         # if the room has a name or canonical_alias set, we can skip
         # calculating heroes. Empty strings are falsey, so we check
@@ -592,7 +615,7 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
 
         if canonical_alias_id:
             canonical_alias = yield self.store.get_event(
-                canonical_alias_id, allow_none=True,
+                canonical_alias_id, allow_none=True
             )
             if canonical_alias and canonical_alias.content.get("alias"):
                 defer.returnValue(summary)
@@ -600,26 +623,14 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
         me = sync_config.user.to_string()
 
         joined_user_ids = [
-            r[0]
-            for r in details.get(Membership.JOIN, empty_ms).members
-            if r[0] != me
+            r[0] for r in details.get(Membership.JOIN, empty_ms).members if r[0] != me
         ]
         invited_user_ids = [
-            r[0]
-            for r in details.get(Membership.INVITE, empty_ms).members
-            if r[0] != me
+            r[0] for r in details.get(Membership.INVITE, empty_ms).members if r[0] != me
         ]
-        gone_user_ids = (
-            [
-                r[0]
-                for r in details.get(Membership.LEAVE, empty_ms).members
-                if r[0] != me
-            ] + [
-                r[0]
-                for r in details.get(Membership.BAN, empty_ms).members
-                if r[0] != me
-            ]
-        )
+        gone_user_ids = [
+            r[0] for r in details.get(Membership.LEAVE, empty_ms).members if r[0] != me
+        ] + [r[0] for r in details.get(Membership.BAN, empty_ms).members if r[0] != me]
 
         # FIXME: only build up a member_ids list for our heroes
         member_ids = {}
@@ -627,20 +638,18 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
             Membership.JOIN,
             Membership.INVITE,
             Membership.LEAVE,
-            Membership.BAN
+            Membership.BAN,
         ):
             for user_id, event_id in details.get(membership, empty_ms).members:
                 member_ids[user_id] = event_id
 
         # FIXME: order by stream ordering rather than as returned by SQL
-        if (joined_user_ids or invited_user_ids):
-            summary['m.heroes'] = sorted(
+        if joined_user_ids or invited_user_ids:
+            summary["m.heroes"] = sorted(
                 [user_id for user_id in (joined_user_ids + invited_user_ids)]
             )[0:5]
         else:
-            summary['m.heroes'] = sorted(
-                [user_id for user_id in gone_user_ids]
-            )[0:5]
+            summary["m.heroes"] = sorted([user_id for user_id in gone_user_ids])[0:5]
 
         if not sync_config.filter_collection.lazy_load_members():
             defer.returnValue(summary)
@@ -652,8 +661,7 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
         # track which members the client should already know about via LL:
         # Ones which are already in state...
         existing_members = set(
-            user_id for (typ, user_id) in state.keys()
-            if typ == EventTypes.Member
+            user_id for (typ, user_id) in state.keys() if typ == EventTypes.Member
         )
 
         # ...or ones which are in the timeline...
@@ -664,10 +672,10 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
         # ...and then ensure any missing ones get included in state.
         missing_hero_event_ids = [
             member_ids[hero_id]
-            for hero_id in summary['m.heroes']
+            for hero_id in summary["m.heroes"]
             if (
-                cache.get(hero_id) != member_ids[hero_id] and
-                hero_id not in existing_members
+                cache.get(hero_id) != member_ids[hero_id]
+                and hero_id not in existing_members
             )
         ]
 
@@ -691,8 +699,9 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
         return cache
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def compute_state_delta(self, room_id, batch, sync_config, since_token, now_token,
-                            full_state):
+    def compute_state_delta(
+        self, room_id, batch, sync_config, since_token, now_token, full_state
+    ):
         """ Works out the difference in state between the start of the timeline
         and the previous sync.
 
@@ -745,23 +754,23 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
 
             timeline_state = {
                 (event.type, event.state_key): event.event_id
-                for event in batch.events if event.is_state()
+                for event in batch.events
+                if event.is_state()
             }
 
             if full_state:
                 if batch:
                     current_state_ids = yield self.store.get_state_ids_for_event(
-                        batch.events[-1].event_id, state_filter=state_filter,
+                        batch.events[-1].event_id, state_filter=state_filter
                     )
 
                     state_ids = yield self.store.get_state_ids_for_event(
-                        batch.events[0].event_id, state_filter=state_filter,
+                        batch.events[0].event_id, state_filter=state_filter
                     )
 
                 else:
                     current_state_ids = yield self.get_state_at(
-                        room_id, stream_position=now_token,
-                        state_filter=state_filter,
+                        room_id, stream_position=now_token, state_filter=state_filter
                     )
 
                     state_ids = current_state_ids
@@ -775,7 +784,7 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
                 )
             elif batch.limited:
                 state_at_timeline_start = yield self.store.get_state_ids_for_event(
-                    batch.events[0].event_id, state_filter=state_filter,
+                    batch.events[0].event_id, state_filter=state_filter
                 )
 
                 # for now, we disable LL for gappy syncs - see
@@ -793,12 +802,11 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
                 state_filter = StateFilter.all()
 
                 state_at_previous_sync = yield self.get_state_at(
-                    room_id, stream_position=since_token,
-                    state_filter=state_filter,
+                    room_id, stream_position=since_token, state_filter=state_filter
                 )
 
                 current_state_ids = yield self.store.get_state_ids_for_event(
-                    batch.events[-1].event_id, state_filter=state_filter,
+                    batch.events[-1].event_id, state_filter=state_filter
                 )
 
                 state_ids = _calculate_state(
@@ -854,8 +862,7 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
 
                 # add any member IDs we are about to send into our LruCache
                 for t, event_id in itertools.chain(
-                    state_ids.items(),
-                    timeline_state.items(),
+                    state_ids.items(), timeline_state.items()
                 ):
                     if t[0] == EventTypes.Member:
                         cache.set(t[1], event_id)
@@ -864,10 +871,14 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
         if state_ids:
             state = yield self.store.get_events(list(state_ids.values()))
 
-        defer.returnValue({
-            (e.type, e.state_key): e
-            for e in sync_config.filter_collection.filter_room_state(list(state.values()))
-        })
+        defer.returnValue(
+            {
+                (e.type, e.state_key): e
+                for e in sync_config.filter_collection.filter_room_state(
+                    list(state.values())
+                )
+            }
+        )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def unread_notifs_for_room_id(self, room_id, sync_config):
@@ -875,7 +886,7 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
             last_unread_event_id = yield self.store.get_last_receipt_event_id_for_user(
                 user_id=sync_config.user.to_string(),
                 room_id=room_id,
-                receipt_type="m.read"
+                receipt_type="m.read",
             )
 
             notifs = []
@@ -909,7 +920,9 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
 
         logger.info(
             "Calculating sync response for %r between %s and %s",
-            sync_config.user, since_token, now_token,
+            sync_config.user,
+            since_token,
+            now_token,
         )
 
         user_id = sync_config.user.to_string()
@@ -920,11 +933,12 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
             raise NotImplementedError()
         else:
             joined_room_ids = yield self.get_rooms_for_user_at(
-                user_id, now_token.room_stream_id,
+                user_id, now_token.room_stream_id
             )
 
         sync_result_builder = SyncResultBuilder(
-            sync_config, full_state,
+            sync_config,
+            full_state,
             since_token=since_token,
             now_token=now_token,
             joined_room_ids=joined_room_ids,
@@ -941,8 +955,7 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
         _, _, newly_left_rooms, newly_left_users = res
 
         block_all_presence_data = (
-            since_token is None and
-            sync_config.filter_collection.blocks_all_presence()
+            since_token is None and sync_config.filter_collection.blocks_all_presence()
         )
         if self.hs_config.use_presence and not block_all_presence_data:
             yield self._generate_sync_entry_for_presence(
@@ -973,22 +986,23 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
             room_id = joined_room.room_id
             if room_id in newly_joined_rooms:
                 issue4422_logger.debug(
-                    "Sync result for newly joined room %s: %r",
-                    room_id, joined_room,
+                    "Sync result for newly joined room %s: %r", room_id, joined_room
                 )
 
-        defer.returnValue(SyncResult(
-            presence=sync_result_builder.presence,
-            account_data=sync_result_builder.account_data,
-            joined=sync_result_builder.joined,
-            invited=sync_result_builder.invited,
-            archived=sync_result_builder.archived,
-            to_device=sync_result_builder.to_device,
-            device_lists=device_lists,
-            groups=sync_result_builder.groups,
-            device_one_time_keys_count=one_time_key_counts,
-            next_batch=sync_result_builder.now_token,
-        ))
+        defer.returnValue(
+            SyncResult(
+                presence=sync_result_builder.presence,
+                account_data=sync_result_builder.account_data,
+                joined=sync_result_builder.joined,
+                invited=sync_result_builder.invited,
+                archived=sync_result_builder.archived,
+                to_device=sync_result_builder.to_device,
+                device_lists=device_lists,
+                groups=sync_result_builder.groups,
+                device_one_time_keys_count=one_time_key_counts,
+                next_batch=sync_result_builder.now_token,
+            )
+        )
 
     @measure_func("_generate_sync_entry_for_groups")
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -999,11 +1013,11 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
 
         if since_token and since_token.groups_key:
             results = yield self.store.get_groups_changes_for_user(
-                user_id, since_token.groups_key, now_token.groups_key,
+                user_id, since_token.groups_key, now_token.groups_key
             )
         else:
             results = yield self.store.get_all_groups_for_user(
-                user_id, now_token.groups_key,
+                user_id, now_token.groups_key
             )
 
         invited = {}
@@ -1031,17 +1045,19 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
                     left[group_id] = content["content"]
 
         sync_result_builder.groups = GroupsSyncResult(
-            join=joined,
-            invite=invited,
-            leave=left,
+            join=joined, invite=invited, leave=left
         )
 
     @measure_func("_generate_sync_entry_for_device_list")
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _generate_sync_entry_for_device_list(self, sync_result_builder,
-                                             newly_joined_rooms,
-                                             newly_joined_or_invited_users,
-                                             newly_left_rooms, newly_left_users):
+    def _generate_sync_entry_for_device_list(
+        self,
+        sync_result_builder,
+        newly_joined_rooms,
+        newly_joined_or_invited_users,
+        newly_left_rooms,
+        newly_left_users,
+    ):
         user_id = sync_result_builder.sync_config.user.to_string()
         since_token = sync_result_builder.since_token
 
@@ -1065,24 +1081,20 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
             changed.update(newly_joined_or_invited_users)
 
             if not changed and not newly_left_users:
-                defer.returnValue(DeviceLists(
-                    changed=[],
-                    left=newly_left_users,
-                ))
+                defer.returnValue(DeviceLists(changed=[], left=newly_left_users))
 
             users_who_share_room = yield self.store.get_users_who_share_room_with_user(
                 user_id
             )
 
-            defer.returnValue(DeviceLists(
-                changed=users_who_share_room & changed,
-                left=set(newly_left_users) - users_who_share_room,
-            ))
+            defer.returnValue(
+                DeviceLists(
+                    changed=users_who_share_room & changed,
+                    left=set(newly_left_users) - users_who_share_room,
+                )
+            )
         else:
-            defer.returnValue(DeviceLists(
-                changed=[],
-                left=[],
-            ))
+            defer.returnValue(DeviceLists(changed=[], left=[]))
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _generate_sync_entry_for_to_device(self, sync_result_builder):
@@ -1109,8 +1121,9 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
             deleted = yield self.store.delete_messages_for_device(
                 user_id, device_id, since_stream_id
             )
-            logger.debug("Deleted %d to-device messages up to %d",
-                         deleted, since_stream_id)
+            logger.debug(
+                "Deleted %d to-device messages up to %d", deleted, since_stream_id
+            )
 
             messages, stream_id = yield self.store.get_new_messages_for_device(
                 user_id, device_id, since_stream_id, now_token.to_device_key
@@ -1118,7 +1131,10 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
 
             logger.debug(
                 "Returning %d to-device messages between %d and %d (current token: %d)",
-                len(messages), since_stream_id, stream_id, now_token.to_device_key
+                len(messages),
+                since_stream_id,
+                stream_id,
+                now_token.to_device_key,
             )
             sync_result_builder.now_token = now_token.copy_and_replace(
                 "to_device_key", stream_id
@@ -1145,8 +1161,7 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
         if since_token and not sync_result_builder.full_state:
             account_data, account_data_by_room = (
                 yield self.store.get_updated_account_data_for_user(
-                    user_id,
-                    since_token.account_data_key,
+                    user_id, since_token.account_data_key
                 )
             )
 
@@ -1160,27 +1175,28 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
                 )
         else:
             account_data, account_data_by_room = (
-                yield self.store.get_account_data_for_user(
-                    sync_config.user.to_string()
-                )
+                yield self.store.get_account_data_for_user(sync_config.user.to_string())
             )
 
-            account_data['m.push_rules'] = yield self.push_rules_for_user(
+            account_data["m.push_rules"] = yield self.push_rules_for_user(
                 sync_config.user
             )
 
-        account_data_for_user = sync_config.filter_collection.filter_account_data([
-            {"type": account_data_type, "content": content}
-            for account_data_type, content in account_data.items()
-        ])
+        account_data_for_user = sync_config.filter_collection.filter_account_data(
+            [
+                {"type": account_data_type, "content": content}
+                for account_data_type, content in account_data.items()
+            ]
+        )
 
         sync_result_builder.account_data = account_data_for_user
 
         defer.returnValue(account_data_by_room)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _generate_sync_entry_for_presence(self, sync_result_builder, newly_joined_rooms,
-                                          newly_joined_or_invited_users):
+    def _generate_sync_entry_for_presence(
+        self, sync_result_builder, newly_joined_rooms, newly_joined_or_invited_users
+    ):
         """Generates the presence portion of the sync response. Populates the
         `sync_result_builder` with the result.
 
@@ -1223,17 +1239,13 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
         extra_users_ids.discard(user.to_string())
 
         if extra_users_ids:
-            states = yield self.presence_handler.get_states(
-                extra_users_ids,
-            )
+            states = yield self.presence_handler.get_states(extra_users_ids)
             presence.extend(states)
 
             # Deduplicate the presence entries so that there's at most one per user
             presence = list({p.user_id: p for p in presence}.values())
 
-        presence = sync_config.filter_collection.filter_presence(
-            presence
-        )
+        presence = sync_config.filter_collection.filter_presence(presence)
 
         sync_result_builder.presence = presence
 
@@ -1253,8 +1265,8 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
         """
         user_id = sync_result_builder.sync_config.user.to_string()
         block_all_room_ephemeral = (
-            sync_result_builder.since_token is None and
-            sync_result_builder.sync_config.filter_collection.blocks_all_room_ephemeral()
+            sync_result_builder.since_token is None
+            and sync_result_builder.sync_config.filter_collection.blocks_all_room_ephemeral()
         )
 
         if block_all_room_ephemeral:
@@ -1275,15 +1287,14 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
                 have_changed = yield self._have_rooms_changed(sync_result_builder)
                 if not have_changed:
                     tags_by_room = yield self.store.get_updated_tags(
-                        user_id,
-                        since_token.account_data_key,
+                        user_id, since_token.account_data_key
                     )
                     if not tags_by_room:
                         logger.debug("no-oping sync")
                         defer.returnValue(([], [], [], []))
 
         ignored_account_data = yield self.store.get_global_account_data_by_type_for_user(
-            "m.ignored_user_list", user_id=user_id,
+            "m.ignored_user_list", user_id=user_id
         )
 
         if ignored_account_data:
@@ -1296,7 +1307,7 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
             room_entries, invited, newly_joined_rooms, newly_left_rooms = res
 
             tags_by_room = yield self.store.get_updated_tags(
-                user_id, since_token.account_data_key,
+                user_id, since_token.account_data_key
             )
         else:
             res = yield self._get_all_rooms(sync_result_builder, ignored_users)
@@ -1331,8 +1342,8 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
                 for event in it:
                     if event.type == EventTypes.Member:
                         if (
-                            event.membership == Membership.JOIN or
-                            event.membership == Membership.INVITE
+                            event.membership == Membership.JOIN
+                            or event.membership == Membership.INVITE
                         ):
                             newly_joined_or_invited_users.add(event.state_key)
                         else:
@@ -1343,12 +1354,14 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
 
         newly_left_users -= newly_joined_or_invited_users
 
-        defer.returnValue((
-            newly_joined_rooms,
-            newly_joined_or_invited_users,
-            newly_left_rooms,
-            newly_left_users,
-        ))
+        defer.returnValue(
+            (
+                newly_joined_rooms,
+                newly_joined_or_invited_users,
+                newly_left_rooms,
+                newly_left_users,
+            )
+        )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _have_rooms_changed(self, sync_result_builder):
@@ -1454,7 +1467,9 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
                         prev_membership = old_mem_ev.membership
                     issue4422_logger.debug(
                         "Previous membership for room %s with join: %s (event %s)",
-                        room_id, prev_membership, old_mem_ev_id,
+                        room_id,
+                        prev_membership,
+                        old_mem_ev_id,
                     )
 
                 if not old_mem_ev or old_mem_ev.membership != Membership.JOIN:
@@ -1476,8 +1491,7 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
                     if not old_state_ids:
                         old_state_ids = yield self.get_state_at(room_id, since_token)
                         old_mem_ev_id = old_state_ids.get(
-                            (EventTypes.Member, user_id),
-                            None,
+                            (EventTypes.Member, user_id), None
                         )
                         old_mem_ev = None
                         if old_mem_ev_id:
@@ -1498,7 +1512,8 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
             # Always include leave/ban events. Just take the last one.
             # TODO: How do we handle ban -> leave in same batch?
             leave_events = [
-                e for e in non_joins
+                e
+                for e in non_joins
                 if e.membership in (Membership.LEAVE, Membership.BAN)
             ]
 
@@ -1526,15 +1541,17 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
                 else:
                     batch_events = None
 
-                room_entries.append(RoomSyncResultBuilder(
-                    room_id=room_id,
-                    rtype="archived",
-                    events=batch_events,
-                    newly_joined=room_id in newly_joined_rooms,
-                    full_state=False,
-                    since_token=since_token,
-                    upto_token=leave_token,
-                ))
+                room_entries.append(
+                    RoomSyncResultBuilder(
+                        room_id=room_id,
+                        rtype="archived",
+                        events=batch_events,
+                        newly_joined=room_id in newly_joined_rooms,
+                        full_state=False,
+                        since_token=since_token,
+                        upto_token=leave_token,
+                    )
+                )
 
         timeline_limit = sync_config.filter_collection.timeline_limit()
 
@@ -1581,7 +1598,8 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
                 # debugging for https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/4422
                 issue4422_logger.debug(
                     "RoomSyncResultBuilder events for newly joined room %s: %r",
-                    room_id, entry.events,
+                    room_id,
+                    entry.events,
                 )
             room_entries.append(entry)
 
@@ -1606,12 +1624,14 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
         sync_config = sync_result_builder.sync_config
 
         membership_list = (
-            Membership.INVITE, Membership.JOIN, Membership.LEAVE, Membership.BAN
+            Membership.INVITE,
+            Membership.JOIN,
+            Membership.LEAVE,
+            Membership.BAN,
         )
 
         room_list = yield self.store.get_rooms_for_user_where_membership_is(
-            user_id=user_id,
-            membership_list=membership_list
+            user_id=user_id, membership_list=membership_list
         )
 
         room_entries = []
@@ -1619,23 +1639,22 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
 
         for event in room_list:
             if event.membership == Membership.JOIN:
-                room_entries.append(RoomSyncResultBuilder(
-                    room_id=event.room_id,
-                    rtype="joined",
-                    events=None,
-                    newly_joined=False,
-                    full_state=True,
-                    since_token=since_token,
-                    upto_token=now_token,
-                ))
+                room_entries.append(
+                    RoomSyncResultBuilder(
+                        room_id=event.room_id,
+                        rtype="joined",
+                        events=None,
+                        newly_joined=False,
+                        full_state=True,
+                        since_token=since_token,
+                        upto_token=now_token,
+                    )
+                )
             elif event.membership == Membership.INVITE:
                 if event.sender in ignored_users:
                     continue
                 invite = yield self.store.get_event(event.event_id)
-                invited.append(InvitedSyncResult(
-                    room_id=event.room_id,
-                    invite=invite,
-                ))
+                invited.append(InvitedSyncResult(room_id=event.room_id, invite=invite))
             elif event.membership in (Membership.LEAVE, Membership.BAN):
                 # Always send down rooms we were banned or kicked from.
                 if not sync_config.filter_collection.include_leave:
@@ -1646,22 +1665,31 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
                 leave_token = now_token.copy_and_replace(
                     "room_key", "s%d" % (event.stream_ordering,)
                 )
-                room_entries.append(RoomSyncResultBuilder(
-                    room_id=event.room_id,
-                    rtype="archived",
-                    events=None,
-                    newly_joined=False,
-                    full_state=True,
-                    since_token=since_token,
-                    upto_token=leave_token,
-                ))
+                room_entries.append(
+                    RoomSyncResultBuilder(
+                        room_id=event.room_id,
+                        rtype="archived",
+                        events=None,
+                        newly_joined=False,
+                        full_state=True,
+                        since_token=since_token,
+                        upto_token=leave_token,
+                    )
+                )
 
         defer.returnValue((room_entries, invited, []))
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _generate_room_entry(self, sync_result_builder, ignored_users,
-                             room_builder, ephemeral, tags, account_data,
-                             always_include=False):
+    def _generate_room_entry(
+        self,
+        sync_result_builder,
+        ignored_users,
+        room_builder,
+        ephemeral,
+        tags,
+        account_data,
+        always_include=False,
+    ):
         """Populates the `joined` and `archived` section of `sync_result_builder`
         based on the `room_builder`.
 
@@ -1678,9 +1706,7 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
         """
         newly_joined = room_builder.newly_joined
         full_state = (
-            room_builder.full_state
-            or newly_joined
-            or sync_result_builder.full_state
+            room_builder.full_state or newly_joined or sync_result_builder.full_state
         )
         events = room_builder.events
 
@@ -1697,7 +1723,8 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
         upto_token = room_builder.upto_token
 
         batch = yield self._load_filtered_recents(
-            room_id, sync_config,
+            room_id,
+            sync_config,
             now_token=upto_token,
             since_token=since_token,
             recents=events,
@@ -1708,7 +1735,8 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
             # debug for https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/4422
             issue4422_logger.debug(
                 "Timeline events after filtering in newly-joined room %s: %r",
-                room_id, batch,
+                room_id,
+                batch,
             )
 
         # When we join the room (or the client requests full_state), we should
@@ -1726,16 +1754,10 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
 
         account_data_events = []
         if tags is not None:
-            account_data_events.append({
-                "type": "m.tag",
-                "content": {"tags": tags},
-            })
+            account_data_events.append({"type": "m.tag", "content": {"tags": tags}})
 
         for account_data_type, content in account_data.items():
-            account_data_events.append({
-                "type": account_data_type,
-                "content": content,
-            })
+            account_data_events.append({"type": account_data_type, "content": content})
 
         account_data_events = sync_config.filter_collection.filter_room_account_data(
             account_data_events
@@ -1743,16 +1765,13 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
 
         ephemeral = sync_config.filter_collection.filter_room_ephemeral(ephemeral)
 
-        if not (always_include
-                or batch
-                or account_data_events
-                or ephemeral
-                or full_state):
+        if not (
+            always_include or batch or account_data_events or ephemeral or full_state
+        ):
             return
 
         state = yield self.compute_state_delta(
-            room_id, batch, sync_config, since_token, now_token,
-            full_state=full_state
+            room_id, batch, sync_config, since_token, now_token, full_state=full_state
         )
 
         summary = {}
@@ -1760,22 +1779,19 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
         # we include a summary in room responses when we're lazy loading
         # members (as the client otherwise doesn't have enough info to form
         # the name itself).
-        if (
-            sync_config.filter_collection.lazy_load_members() and
-            (
-                # we recalulate the summary:
-                #   if there are membership changes in the timeline, or
-                #   if membership has changed during a gappy sync, or
-                #   if this is an initial sync.
-                any(ev.type == EventTypes.Member for ev in batch.events) or
-                (
-                    # XXX: this may include false positives in the form of LL
-                    # members which have snuck into state
-                    batch.limited and
-                    any(t == EventTypes.Member for (t, k) in state)
-                ) or
-                since_token is None
+        if sync_config.filter_collection.lazy_load_members() and (
+            # we recalulate the summary:
+            #   if there are membership changes in the timeline, or
+            #   if membership has changed during a gappy sync, or
+            #   if this is an initial sync.
+            any(ev.type == EventTypes.Member for ev in batch.events)
+            or (
+                # XXX: this may include false positives in the form of LL
+                # members which have snuck into state
+                batch.limited
+                and any(t == EventTypes.Member for (t, k) in state)
             )
+            or since_token is None
         ):
             summary = yield self.compute_summary(
                 room_id, sync_config, batch, state, now_token
@@ -1794,9 +1810,7 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
             )
 
             if room_sync or always_include:
-                notifs = yield self.unread_notifs_for_room_id(
-                    room_id, sync_config
-                )
+                notifs = yield self.unread_notifs_for_room_id(room_id, sync_config)
 
                 if notifs is not None:
                     unread_notifications["notification_count"] = notifs["notify_count"]
@@ -1807,11 +1821,8 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
             if batch.limited and since_token:
                 user_id = sync_result_builder.sync_config.user.to_string()
                 logger.info(
-                    "Incremental gappy sync of %s for user %s with %d state events" % (
-                        room_id,
-                        user_id,
-                        len(state),
-                    )
+                    "Incremental gappy sync of %s for user %s with %d state events"
+                    % (room_id, user_id, len(state))
                 )
         elif room_builder.rtype == "archived":
             room_sync = ArchivedSyncResult(
@@ -1841,9 +1852,7 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
             Deferred[frozenset[str]]: Set of room_ids the user is in at given
             stream_ordering.
         """
-        joined_rooms = yield self.store.get_rooms_for_user_with_stream_ordering(
-            user_id,
-        )
+        joined_rooms = yield self.store.get_rooms_for_user_with_stream_ordering(user_id)
 
         joined_room_ids = set()
 
@@ -1862,11 +1871,9 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
             logger.info("User joined room after current token: %s", room_id)
 
             extrems = yield self.store.get_forward_extremeties_for_room(
-                room_id, stream_ordering,
-            )
-            users_in_room = yield self.state.get_current_users_in_room(
-                room_id, extrems,
+                room_id, stream_ordering
             )
+            users_in_room = yield self.state.get_current_users_in_room(room_id, extrems)
             if user_id in users_in_room:
                 joined_room_ids.add(room_id)
 
@@ -1886,7 +1893,7 @@ def _action_has_highlight(actions):
 
 
 def _calculate_state(
-    timeline_contains, timeline_start, previous, current, lazy_load_members,
+    timeline_contains, timeline_start, previous, current, lazy_load_members
 ):
     """Works out what state to include in a sync response.
 
@@ -1930,15 +1937,12 @@ def _calculate_state(
 
     if lazy_load_members:
         p_ids.difference_update(
-            e for t, e in iteritems(timeline_start)
-            if t[0] == EventTypes.Member
+            e for t, e in iteritems(timeline_start) if t[0] == EventTypes.Member
         )
 
     state_ids = ((c_ids | ts_ids) - p_ids) - tc_ids
 
-    return {
-        event_id_to_key[e]: e for e in state_ids
-    }
+    return {event_id_to_key[e]: e for e in state_ids}
 
 
 class SyncResultBuilder(object):
@@ -1961,8 +1965,10 @@ class SyncResultBuilder(object):
         groups (GroupsSyncResult|None)
         to_device (list)
     """
-    def __init__(self, sync_config, full_state, since_token, now_token,
-                 joined_room_ids):
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, sync_config, full_state, since_token, now_token, joined_room_ids
+    ):
         """
         Args:
             sync_config (SyncConfig)
@@ -1991,8 +1997,10 @@ class RoomSyncResultBuilder(object):
     """Stores information needed to create either a `JoinedSyncResult` or
     `ArchivedSyncResult`.
     """
-    def __init__(self, room_id, rtype, events, newly_joined, full_state,
-                 since_token, upto_token):
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, room_id, rtype, events, newly_joined, full_state, since_token, upto_token
+    ):
         """
         Args:
             room_id(str)
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/typing.py b/synapse/handlers/typing.py
index 972662eb48..f8062c8671 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/typing.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/typing.py
@@ -68,13 +68,10 @@ class TypingHandler(object):
 
         # caches which room_ids changed at which serials
         self._typing_stream_change_cache = StreamChangeCache(
-            "TypingStreamChangeCache", self._latest_room_serial,
+            "TypingStreamChangeCache", self._latest_room_serial
         )
 
-        self.clock.looping_call(
-            self._handle_timeouts,
-            5000,
-        )
+        self.clock.looping_call(self._handle_timeouts, 5000)
 
     def _reset(self):
         """
@@ -108,19 +105,11 @@ class TypingHandler(object):
             if self.hs.is_mine_id(member.user_id):
                 last_fed_poke = self._member_last_federation_poke.get(member, None)
                 if not last_fed_poke or last_fed_poke + FEDERATION_PING_INTERVAL <= now:
-                    run_in_background(
-                        self._push_remote,
-                        member=member,
-                        typing=True
-                    )
+                    run_in_background(self._push_remote, member=member, typing=True)
 
             # Add a paranoia timer to ensure that we always have a timer for
             # each person typing.
-            self.wheel_timer.insert(
-                now=now,
-                obj=member,
-                then=now + 60 * 1000,
-            )
+            self.wheel_timer.insert(now=now, obj=member, then=now + 60 * 1000)
 
     def is_typing(self, member):
         return member.user_id in self._room_typing.get(member.room_id, [])
@@ -138,9 +127,7 @@ class TypingHandler(object):
 
         yield self.auth.check_joined_room(room_id, target_user_id)
 
-        logger.debug(
-            "%s has started typing in %s", target_user_id, room_id
-        )
+        logger.debug("%s has started typing in %s", target_user_id, room_id)
 
         member = RoomMember(room_id=room_id, user_id=target_user_id)
 
@@ -149,20 +136,13 @@ class TypingHandler(object):
         now = self.clock.time_msec()
         self._member_typing_until[member] = now + timeout
 
-        self.wheel_timer.insert(
-            now=now,
-            obj=member,
-            then=now + timeout,
-        )
+        self.wheel_timer.insert(now=now, obj=member, then=now + timeout)
 
         if was_present:
             # No point sending another notification
             defer.returnValue(None)
 
-        self._push_update(
-            member=member,
-            typing=True,
-        )
+        self._push_update(member=member, typing=True)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def stopped_typing(self, target_user, auth_user, room_id):
@@ -177,9 +157,7 @@ class TypingHandler(object):
 
         yield self.auth.check_joined_room(room_id, target_user_id)
 
-        logger.debug(
-            "%s has stopped typing in %s", target_user_id, room_id
-        )
+        logger.debug("%s has stopped typing in %s", target_user_id, room_id)
 
         member = RoomMember(room_id=room_id, user_id=target_user_id)
 
@@ -200,20 +178,14 @@ class TypingHandler(object):
         self._member_typing_until.pop(member, None)
         self._member_last_federation_poke.pop(member, None)
 
-        self._push_update(
-            member=member,
-            typing=False,
-        )
+        self._push_update(member=member, typing=False)
 
     def _push_update(self, member, typing):
         if self.hs.is_mine_id(member.user_id):
             # Only send updates for changes to our own users.
             run_in_background(self._push_remote, member, typing)
 
-        self._push_update_local(
-            member=member,
-            typing=typing
-        )
+        self._push_update_local(member=member, typing=typing)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _push_remote(self, member, typing):
@@ -223,9 +195,7 @@ class TypingHandler(object):
 
             now = self.clock.time_msec()
             self.wheel_timer.insert(
-                now=now,
-                obj=member,
-                then=now + FEDERATION_PING_INTERVAL,
+                now=now, obj=member, then=now + FEDERATION_PING_INTERVAL
             )
 
             for domain in set(get_domain_from_id(u) for u in users):
@@ -256,8 +226,7 @@ class TypingHandler(object):
 
         if user.domain != origin:
             logger.info(
-                "Got typing update from %r with bad 'user_id': %r",
-                origin, user_id,
+                "Got typing update from %r with bad 'user_id': %r", origin, user_id
             )
             return
 
@@ -268,15 +237,8 @@ class TypingHandler(object):
             logger.info("Got typing update from %s: %r", user_id, content)
             now = self.clock.time_msec()
             self._member_typing_until[member] = now + FEDERATION_TIMEOUT
-            self.wheel_timer.insert(
-                now=now,
-                obj=member,
-                then=now + FEDERATION_TIMEOUT,
-            )
-            self._push_update_local(
-                member=member,
-                typing=content["typing"]
-            )
+            self.wheel_timer.insert(now=now, obj=member, then=now + FEDERATION_TIMEOUT)
+            self._push_update_local(member=member, typing=content["typing"])
 
     def _push_update_local(self, member, typing):
         room_set = self._room_typing.setdefault(member.room_id, set())
@@ -288,7 +250,7 @@ class TypingHandler(object):
         self._latest_room_serial += 1
         self._room_serials[member.room_id] = self._latest_room_serial
         self._typing_stream_change_cache.entity_has_changed(
-            member.room_id, self._latest_room_serial,
+            member.room_id, self._latest_room_serial
         )
 
         self.notifier.on_new_event(
@@ -300,7 +262,7 @@ class TypingHandler(object):
             return []
 
         changed_rooms = self._typing_stream_change_cache.get_all_entities_changed(
-            last_id,
+            last_id
         )
 
         if changed_rooms is None:
@@ -334,9 +296,7 @@ class TypingNotificationEventSource(object):
         return {
             "type": "m.typing",
             "room_id": room_id,
-            "content": {
-                "user_ids": list(typing),
-            },
+            "content": {"user_ids": list(typing)},
         }
 
     def get_new_events(self, from_key, room_ids, **kwargs):
diff --git a/synapse/http/__init__.py b/synapse/http/__init__.py
index d36bcd6336..3acf772cd1 100644
--- a/synapse/http/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/http/__init__.py
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ from synapse.api.errors import SynapseError
 
 class RequestTimedOutError(SynapseError):
     """Exception representing timeout of an outbound request"""
+
     def __init__(self):
         super(RequestTimedOutError, self).__init__(504, "Timed out")
 
@@ -40,15 +41,12 @@ def cancelled_to_request_timed_out_error(value, timeout):
     return value
 
 
-ACCESS_TOKEN_RE = re.compile(r'(\?.*access(_|%5[Ff])token=)[^&]*(.*)$')
+ACCESS_TOKEN_RE = re.compile(r"(\?.*access(_|%5[Ff])token=)[^&]*(.*)$")
 
 
 def redact_uri(uri):
     """Strips access tokens from the uri replaces with <redacted>"""
-    return ACCESS_TOKEN_RE.sub(
-        r'\1<redacted>\3',
-        uri
-    )
+    return ACCESS_TOKEN_RE.sub(r"\1<redacted>\3", uri)
 
 
 class QuieterFileBodyProducer(FileBodyProducer):
@@ -57,6 +55,7 @@ class QuieterFileBodyProducer(FileBodyProducer):
     Workaround for https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/4003 /
     https://twistedmatrix.com/trac/ticket/6528
     """
+
     def stopProducing(self):
         try:
             FileBodyProducer.stopProducing(self)
diff --git a/synapse/http/additional_resource.py b/synapse/http/additional_resource.py
index 0e10e3f8f7..096619a8c2 100644
--- a/synapse/http/additional_resource.py
+++ b/synapse/http/additional_resource.py
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ class AdditionalResource(Resource):
     This class is also where we wrap the request handler with logging, metrics,
     and exception handling.
     """
+
     def __init__(self, hs, handler):
         """Initialise AdditionalResource
 
diff --git a/synapse/http/client.py b/synapse/http/client.py
index d1869f308b..0e5c30db0a 100644
--- a/synapse/http/client.py
+++ b/synapse/http/client.py
@@ -104,8 +104,8 @@ class IPBlacklistingResolver(object):
                     ip_address, self._ip_whitelist, self._ip_blacklist
                 ):
                     logger.info(
-                        "Dropped %s from DNS resolution to %s due to blacklist" %
-                        (ip_address, hostname)
+                        "Dropped %s from DNS resolution to %s due to blacklist"
+                        % (ip_address, hostname)
                     )
                     has_bad_ip = True
 
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ class BlacklistingAgentWrapper(Agent):
         self._ip_blacklist = ip_blacklist
 
     def request(self, method, uri, headers=None, bodyProducer=None):
-        h = urllib.parse.urlparse(uri.decode('ascii'))
+        h = urllib.parse.urlparse(uri.decode("ascii"))
 
         try:
             ip_address = IPAddress(h.hostname)
@@ -165,10 +165,7 @@ class BlacklistingAgentWrapper(Agent):
             if check_against_blacklist(
                 ip_address, self._ip_whitelist, self._ip_blacklist
             ):
-                logger.info(
-                    "Blocking access to %s due to blacklist" %
-                    (ip_address,)
-                )
+                logger.info("Blocking access to %s due to blacklist" % (ip_address,))
                 e = SynapseError(403, "IP address blocked by IP blacklist entry")
                 return defer.fail(Failure(e))
         except Exception:
@@ -217,7 +214,7 @@ class SimpleHttpClient(object):
         if hs.config.user_agent_suffix:
             self.user_agent = "%s %s" % (self.user_agent, hs.config.user_agent_suffix)
 
-        self.user_agent = self.user_agent.encode('ascii')
+        self.user_agent = self.user_agent.encode("ascii")
 
         if self._ip_blacklist:
             real_reactor = hs.get_reactor()
@@ -533,8 +530,8 @@ class SimpleHttpClient(object):
         resp_headers = dict(response.headers.getAllRawHeaders())
 
         if (
-            b'Content-Length' in resp_headers
-            and int(resp_headers[b'Content-Length'][0]) > max_size
+            b"Content-Length" in resp_headers
+            and int(resp_headers[b"Content-Length"][0]) > max_size
         ):
             logger.warn("Requested URL is too large > %r bytes" % (self.max_size,))
             raise SynapseError(
@@ -559,18 +556,13 @@ class SimpleHttpClient(object):
             # This can happen e.g. because the body is too large.
             raise
         except Exception as e:
-            raise_from(
-                SynapseError(
-                    502, ("Failed to download remote body: %s" % e),
-                ),
-                e
-            )
+            raise_from(SynapseError(502, ("Failed to download remote body: %s" % e)), e)
 
         defer.returnValue(
             (
                 length,
                 resp_headers,
-                response.request.absoluteURI.decode('ascii'),
+                response.request.absoluteURI.decode("ascii"),
                 response.code,
             )
         )
@@ -660,7 +652,7 @@ def encode_urlencode_args(args):
 
 def encode_urlencode_arg(arg):
     if isinstance(arg, text_type):
-        return arg.encode('utf-8')
+        return arg.encode("utf-8")
     elif isinstance(arg, list):
         return [encode_urlencode_arg(i) for i in arg]
     else:
diff --git a/synapse/http/endpoint.py b/synapse/http/endpoint.py
index cd79ebab62..92a5b606c8 100644
--- a/synapse/http/endpoint.py
+++ b/synapse/http/endpoint.py
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ def parse_server_name(server_name):
         ValueError if the server name could not be parsed.
     """
     try:
-        if server_name[-1] == ']':
+        if server_name[-1] == "]":
             # ipv6 literal, hopefully
             return server_name, None
 
@@ -43,9 +43,7 @@ def parse_server_name(server_name):
         raise ValueError("Invalid server name '%s'" % server_name)
 
 
-VALID_HOST_REGEX = re.compile(
-    "\\A[0-9a-zA-Z.-]+\\Z",
-)
+VALID_HOST_REGEX = re.compile("\\A[0-9a-zA-Z.-]+\\Z")
 
 
 def parse_and_validate_server_name(server_name):
@@ -67,17 +65,15 @@ def parse_and_validate_server_name(server_name):
     # that nobody is sneaking IP literals in that look like hostnames, etc.
 
     # look for ipv6 literals
-    if host[0] == '[':
-        if host[-1] != ']':
-            raise ValueError("Mismatched [...] in server name '%s'" % (
-                server_name,
-            ))
+    if host[0] == "[":
+        if host[-1] != "]":
+            raise ValueError("Mismatched [...] in server name '%s'" % (server_name,))
         return host, port
 
     # otherwise it should only be alphanumerics.
     if not VALID_HOST_REGEX.match(host):
-        raise ValueError("Server name '%s' contains invalid characters" % (
-            server_name,
-        ))
+        raise ValueError(
+            "Server name '%s' contains invalid characters" % (server_name,)
+        )
 
     return host, port
diff --git a/synapse/http/federation/matrix_federation_agent.py b/synapse/http/federation/matrix_federation_agent.py
index b4cbe97b41..414cde0777 100644
--- a/synapse/http/federation/matrix_federation_agent.py
+++ b/synapse/http/federation/matrix_federation_agent.py
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ WELL_KNOWN_INVALID_CACHE_PERIOD = 1 * 3600
 WELL_KNOWN_MAX_CACHE_PERIOD = 48 * 3600
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-well_known_cache = TTLCache('well-known')
+well_known_cache = TTLCache("well-known")
 
 
 @implementer(IAgent)
@@ -78,7 +78,9 @@ class MatrixFederationAgent(object):
     """
 
     def __init__(
-        self, reactor, tls_client_options_factory,
+        self,
+        reactor,
+        tls_client_options_factory,
         _well_known_tls_policy=None,
         _srv_resolver=None,
         _well_known_cache=well_known_cache,
@@ -100,9 +102,9 @@ class MatrixFederationAgent(object):
         if _well_known_tls_policy is not None:
             # the param is called 'contextFactory', but actually passing a
             # contextfactory is deprecated, and it expects an IPolicyForHTTPS.
-            agent_args['contextFactory'] = _well_known_tls_policy
+            agent_args["contextFactory"] = _well_known_tls_policy
         _well_known_agent = RedirectAgent(
-            Agent(self._reactor, pool=self._pool, **agent_args),
+            Agent(self._reactor, pool=self._pool, **agent_args)
         )
         self._well_known_agent = _well_known_agent
 
@@ -149,7 +151,7 @@ class MatrixFederationAgent(object):
             tls_options = None
         else:
             tls_options = self._tls_client_options_factory.get_options(
-                res.tls_server_name.decode("ascii"),
+                res.tls_server_name.decode("ascii")
             )
 
         # make sure that the Host header is set correctly
@@ -158,14 +160,14 @@ class MatrixFederationAgent(object):
         else:
             headers = headers.copy()
 
-        if not headers.hasHeader(b'host'):
-            headers.addRawHeader(b'host', res.host_header)
+        if not headers.hasHeader(b"host"):
+            headers.addRawHeader(b"host", res.host_header)
 
         class EndpointFactory(object):
             @staticmethod
             def endpointForURI(_uri):
                 ep = LoggingHostnameEndpoint(
-                    self._reactor, res.target_host, res.target_port,
+                    self._reactor, res.target_host, res.target_port
                 )
                 if tls_options is not None:
                     ep = wrapClientTLS(tls_options, ep)
@@ -203,21 +205,25 @@ class MatrixFederationAgent(object):
             port = parsed_uri.port
             if port == -1:
                 port = 8448
-            defer.returnValue(_RoutingResult(
-                host_header=parsed_uri.netloc,
-                tls_server_name=parsed_uri.host,
-                target_host=parsed_uri.host,
-                target_port=port,
-            ))
+            defer.returnValue(
+                _RoutingResult(
+                    host_header=parsed_uri.netloc,
+                    tls_server_name=parsed_uri.host,
+                    target_host=parsed_uri.host,
+                    target_port=port,
+                )
+            )
 
         if parsed_uri.port != -1:
             # there is an explicit port
-            defer.returnValue(_RoutingResult(
-                host_header=parsed_uri.netloc,
-                tls_server_name=parsed_uri.host,
-                target_host=parsed_uri.host,
-                target_port=parsed_uri.port,
-            ))
+            defer.returnValue(
+                _RoutingResult(
+                    host_header=parsed_uri.netloc,
+                    tls_server_name=parsed_uri.host,
+                    target_host=parsed_uri.host,
+                    target_port=parsed_uri.port,
+                )
+            )
 
         if lookup_well_known:
             # try a .well-known lookup
@@ -229,8 +235,8 @@ class MatrixFederationAgent(object):
 
                 # parse the server name in the .well-known response into host/port.
                 # (This code is lifted from twisted.web.client.URI.fromBytes).
-                if b':' in well_known_server:
-                    well_known_host, well_known_port = well_known_server.rsplit(b':', 1)
+                if b":" in well_known_server:
+                    well_known_host, well_known_port = well_known_server.rsplit(b":", 1)
                     try:
                         well_known_port = int(well_known_port)
                     except ValueError:
@@ -264,21 +270,27 @@ class MatrixFederationAgent(object):
             port = 8448
             logger.debug(
                 "No SRV record for %s, using %s:%i",
-                parsed_uri.host.decode("ascii"), target_host.decode("ascii"), port,
+                parsed_uri.host.decode("ascii"),
+                target_host.decode("ascii"),
+                port,
             )
         else:
             target_host, port = pick_server_from_list(server_list)
             logger.debug(
                 "Picked %s:%i from SRV records for %s",
-                target_host.decode("ascii"), port, parsed_uri.host.decode("ascii"),
+                target_host.decode("ascii"),
+                port,
+                parsed_uri.host.decode("ascii"),
             )
 
-        defer.returnValue(_RoutingResult(
-            host_header=parsed_uri.netloc,
-            tls_server_name=parsed_uri.host,
-            target_host=target_host,
-            target_port=port,
-        ))
+        defer.returnValue(
+            _RoutingResult(
+                host_header=parsed_uri.netloc,
+                tls_server_name=parsed_uri.host,
+                target_host=target_host,
+                target_port=port,
+            )
+        )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _get_well_known(self, server_name):
@@ -318,18 +330,18 @@ class MatrixFederationAgent(object):
                  - None if there was no .well-known file.
                  - INVALID_WELL_KNOWN if the .well-known was invalid
         """
-        uri = b"https://%s/.well-known/matrix/server" % (server_name, )
+        uri = b"https://%s/.well-known/matrix/server" % (server_name,)
         uri_str = uri.decode("ascii")
         logger.info("Fetching %s", uri_str)
         try:
             response = yield make_deferred_yieldable(
-                self._well_known_agent.request(b"GET", uri),
+                self._well_known_agent.request(b"GET", uri)
             )
             body = yield make_deferred_yieldable(readBody(response))
             if response.code != 200:
-                raise Exception("Non-200 response %s" % (response.code, ))
+                raise Exception("Non-200 response %s" % (response.code,))
 
-            parsed_body = json.loads(body.decode('utf-8'))
+            parsed_body = json.loads(body.decode("utf-8"))
             logger.info("Response from .well-known: %s", parsed_body)
             if not isinstance(parsed_body, dict):
                 raise Exception("not a dict")
@@ -347,8 +359,7 @@ class MatrixFederationAgent(object):
         result = parsed_body["m.server"].encode("ascii")
 
         cache_period = _cache_period_from_headers(
-            response.headers,
-            time_now=self._reactor.seconds,
+            response.headers, time_now=self._reactor.seconds
         )
         if cache_period is None:
             cache_period = WELL_KNOWN_DEFAULT_CACHE_PERIOD
@@ -364,6 +375,7 @@ class MatrixFederationAgent(object):
 @implementer(IStreamClientEndpoint)
 class LoggingHostnameEndpoint(object):
     """A wrapper for HostnameEndpint which logs when it connects"""
+
     def __init__(self, reactor, host, port, *args, **kwargs):
         self.host = host
         self.port = port
@@ -377,17 +389,17 @@ class LoggingHostnameEndpoint(object):
 def _cache_period_from_headers(headers, time_now=time.time):
     cache_controls = _parse_cache_control(headers)
 
-    if b'no-store' in cache_controls:
+    if b"no-store" in cache_controls:
         return 0
 
-    if b'max-age' in cache_controls:
+    if b"max-age" in cache_controls:
         try:
-            max_age = int(cache_controls[b'max-age'])
+            max_age = int(cache_controls[b"max-age"])
             return max_age
         except ValueError:
             pass
 
-    expires = headers.getRawHeaders(b'expires')
+    expires = headers.getRawHeaders(b"expires")
     if expires is not None:
         try:
             expires_date = stringToDatetime(expires[-1])
@@ -403,9 +415,9 @@ def _cache_period_from_headers(headers, time_now=time.time):
 
 def _parse_cache_control(headers):
     cache_controls = {}
-    for hdr in headers.getRawHeaders(b'cache-control', []):
-        for directive in hdr.split(b','):
-            splits = [x.strip() for x in directive.split(b'=', 1)]
+    for hdr in headers.getRawHeaders(b"cache-control", []):
+        for directive in hdr.split(b","):
+            splits = [x.strip() for x in directive.split(b"=", 1)]
             k = splits[0].lower()
             v = splits[1] if len(splits) > 1 else None
             cache_controls[k] = v
diff --git a/synapse/http/federation/srv_resolver.py b/synapse/http/federation/srv_resolver.py
index 71830c549d..1f22f78a75 100644
--- a/synapse/http/federation/srv_resolver.py
+++ b/synapse/http/federation/srv_resolver.py
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ class Server(object):
         expires (int): when the cache should expire this record - in *seconds* since
             the epoch
     """
+
     host = attr.ib()
     port = attr.ib()
     priority = attr.ib(default=0)
@@ -79,9 +80,7 @@ def pick_server_from_list(server_list):
             return s.host, s.port
 
     # this should be impossible.
-    raise RuntimeError(
-        "pick_server_from_list got to end of eligible server list.",
-    )
+    raise RuntimeError("pick_server_from_list got to end of eligible server list.")
 
 
 class SrvResolver(object):
@@ -95,6 +94,7 @@ class SrvResolver(object):
         cache (dict): cache object
         get_time (callable): clock implementation. Should return seconds since the epoch
     """
+
     def __init__(self, dns_client=client, cache=SERVER_CACHE, get_time=time.time):
         self._dns_client = dns_client
         self._cache = cache
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ class SrvResolver(object):
 
         try:
             answers, _, _ = yield make_deferred_yieldable(
-                self._dns_client.lookupService(service_name),
+                self._dns_client.lookupService(service_name)
             )
         except DNSNameError:
             # TODO: cache this. We can get the SOA out of the exception, and use
@@ -136,17 +136,18 @@ class SrvResolver(object):
             cache_entry = self._cache.get(service_name, None)
             if cache_entry:
                 logger.warn(
-                    "Failed to resolve %r, falling back to cache. %r",
-                    service_name, e
+                    "Failed to resolve %r, falling back to cache. %r", service_name, e
                 )
                 defer.returnValue(list(cache_entry))
             else:
                 raise e
 
-        if (len(answers) == 1
-                and answers[0].type == dns.SRV
-                and answers[0].payload
-                and answers[0].payload.target == dns.Name(b'.')):
+        if (
+            len(answers) == 1
+            and answers[0].type == dns.SRV
+            and answers[0].payload
+            and answers[0].payload.target == dns.Name(b".")
+        ):
             raise ConnectError("Service %s unavailable" % service_name)
 
         servers = []
@@ -157,13 +158,15 @@ class SrvResolver(object):
 
             payload = answer.payload
 
-            servers.append(Server(
-                host=payload.target.name,
-                port=payload.port,
-                priority=payload.priority,
-                weight=payload.weight,
-                expires=now + answer.ttl,
-            ))
+            servers.append(
+                Server(
+                    host=payload.target.name,
+                    port=payload.port,
+                    priority=payload.priority,
+                    weight=payload.weight,
+                    expires=now + answer.ttl,
+                )
+            )
 
         self._cache[service_name] = list(servers)
         defer.returnValue(servers)
diff --git a/synapse/http/matrixfederationclient.py b/synapse/http/matrixfederationclient.py
index 663ea72a7a..5ef8bb60a3 100644
--- a/synapse/http/matrixfederationclient.py
+++ b/synapse/http/matrixfederationclient.py
@@ -54,10 +54,12 @@ from synapse.util.metrics import Measure
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
-outgoing_requests_counter = Counter("synapse_http_matrixfederationclient_requests",
-                                    "", ["method"])
-incoming_responses_counter = Counter("synapse_http_matrixfederationclient_responses",
-                                     "", ["method", "code"])
+outgoing_requests_counter = Counter(
+    "synapse_http_matrixfederationclient_requests", "", ["method"]
+)
+incoming_responses_counter = Counter(
+    "synapse_http_matrixfederationclient_responses", "", ["method", "code"]
+)
 
 
 MAX_LONG_RETRIES = 10
@@ -137,11 +139,7 @@ def _handle_json_response(reactor, timeout_sec, request, response):
         check_content_type_is_json(response.headers)
 
         d = treq.json_content(response)
-        d = timeout_deferred(
-            d,
-            timeout=timeout_sec,
-            reactor=reactor,
-        )
+        d = timeout_deferred(d, timeout=timeout_sec, reactor=reactor)
 
         body = yield make_deferred_yieldable(d)
     except Exception as e:
@@ -157,7 +155,7 @@ def _handle_json_response(reactor, timeout_sec, request, response):
         request.txn_id,
         request.destination,
         response.code,
-        response.phrase.decode('ascii', errors='replace'),
+        response.phrase.decode("ascii", errors="replace"),
     )
     defer.returnValue(body)
 
@@ -181,7 +179,7 @@ class MatrixFederationHttpClient(object):
         # We need to use a DNS resolver which filters out blacklisted IP
         # addresses, to prevent DNS rebinding.
         nameResolver = IPBlacklistingResolver(
-            real_reactor, None, hs.config.federation_ip_range_blacklist,
+            real_reactor, None, hs.config.federation_ip_range_blacklist
         )
 
         @implementer(IReactorPluggableNameResolver)
@@ -194,21 +192,19 @@ class MatrixFederationHttpClient(object):
 
         self.reactor = Reactor()
 
-        self.agent = MatrixFederationAgent(
-            self.reactor,
-            tls_client_options_factory,
-        )
+        self.agent = MatrixFederationAgent(self.reactor, tls_client_options_factory)
 
         # Use a BlacklistingAgentWrapper to prevent circumventing the IP
         # blacklist via IP literals in server names
         self.agent = BlacklistingAgentWrapper(
-            self.agent, self.reactor,
+            self.agent,
+            self.reactor,
             ip_blacklist=hs.config.federation_ip_range_blacklist,
         )
 
         self.clock = hs.get_clock()
         self._store = hs.get_datastore()
-        self.version_string_bytes = hs.version_string.encode('ascii')
+        self.version_string_bytes = hs.version_string.encode("ascii")
         self.default_timeout = 60
 
         def schedule(x):
@@ -218,10 +214,7 @@ class MatrixFederationHttpClient(object):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _send_request_with_optional_trailing_slash(
-        self,
-        request,
-        try_trailing_slash_on_400=False,
-        **send_request_args
+        self, request, try_trailing_slash_on_400=False, **send_request_args
     ):
         """Wrapper for _send_request which can optionally retry the request
         upon receiving a combination of a 400 HTTP response code and a
@@ -244,9 +237,7 @@ class MatrixFederationHttpClient(object):
             Deferred[Dict]: Parsed JSON response body.
         """
         try:
-            response = yield self._send_request(
-                request, **send_request_args
-            )
+            response = yield self._send_request(request, **send_request_args)
         except HttpResponseException as e:
             # Received an HTTP error > 300. Check if it meets the requirements
             # to retry with a trailing slash
@@ -262,9 +253,7 @@ class MatrixFederationHttpClient(object):
             logger.info("Retrying request with trailing slash")
             request.path += "/"
 
-            response = yield self._send_request(
-                request, **send_request_args
-            )
+            response = yield self._send_request(request, **send_request_args)
 
         defer.returnValue(response)
 
@@ -329,8 +318,8 @@ class MatrixFederationHttpClient(object):
             _sec_timeout = self.default_timeout
 
         if (
-            self.hs.config.federation_domain_whitelist is not None and
-            request.destination not in self.hs.config.federation_domain_whitelist
+            self.hs.config.federation_domain_whitelist is not None
+            and request.destination not in self.hs.config.federation_domain_whitelist
         ):
             raise FederationDeniedError(request.destination)
 
@@ -350,9 +339,7 @@ class MatrixFederationHttpClient(object):
         else:
             query_bytes = b""
 
-        headers_dict = {
-            b"User-Agent": [self.version_string_bytes],
-        }
+        headers_dict = {b"User-Agent": [self.version_string_bytes]}
 
         with limiter:
             # XXX: Would be much nicer to retry only at the transaction-layer
@@ -362,16 +349,14 @@ class MatrixFederationHttpClient(object):
             else:
                 retries_left = MAX_SHORT_RETRIES
 
-            url_bytes = urllib.parse.urlunparse((
-                b"matrix", destination_bytes,
-                path_bytes, None, query_bytes, b"",
-            ))
-            url_str = url_bytes.decode('ascii')
+            url_bytes = urllib.parse.urlunparse(
+                (b"matrix", destination_bytes, path_bytes, None, query_bytes, b"")
+            )
+            url_str = url_bytes.decode("ascii")
 
-            url_to_sign_bytes = urllib.parse.urlunparse((
-                b"", b"",
-                path_bytes, None, query_bytes, b"",
-            ))
+            url_to_sign_bytes = urllib.parse.urlunparse(
+                (b"", b"", path_bytes, None, query_bytes, b"")
+            )
 
             while True:
                 try:
@@ -379,26 +364,27 @@ class MatrixFederationHttpClient(object):
                     if json:
                         headers_dict[b"Content-Type"] = [b"application/json"]
                         auth_headers = self.build_auth_headers(
-                            destination_bytes, method_bytes, url_to_sign_bytes,
-                            json,
+                            destination_bytes, method_bytes, url_to_sign_bytes, json
                         )
                         data = encode_canonical_json(json)
                         producer = QuieterFileBodyProducer(
-                            BytesIO(data),
-                            cooperator=self._cooperator,
+                            BytesIO(data), cooperator=self._cooperator
                         )
                     else:
                         producer = None
                         auth_headers = self.build_auth_headers(
-                            destination_bytes, method_bytes, url_to_sign_bytes,
+                            destination_bytes, method_bytes, url_to_sign_bytes
                         )
 
                     headers_dict[b"Authorization"] = auth_headers
 
                     logger.info(
                         "{%s} [%s] Sending request: %s %s; timeout %fs",
-                        request.txn_id, request.destination, request.method,
-                        url_str, _sec_timeout,
+                        request.txn_id,
+                        request.destination,
+                        request.method,
+                        url_str,
+                        _sec_timeout,
                     )
 
                     try:
@@ -430,7 +416,7 @@ class MatrixFederationHttpClient(object):
                         request.txn_id,
                         request.destination,
                         response.code,
-                        response.phrase.decode('ascii', errors='replace'),
+                        response.phrase.decode("ascii", errors="replace"),
                     )
 
                     if 200 <= response.code < 300:
@@ -440,9 +426,7 @@ class MatrixFederationHttpClient(object):
                         # Update transactions table?
                         d = treq.content(response)
                         d = timeout_deferred(
-                            d,
-                            timeout=_sec_timeout,
-                            reactor=self.reactor,
+                            d, timeout=_sec_timeout, reactor=self.reactor
                         )
 
                         try:
@@ -460,9 +444,7 @@ class MatrixFederationHttpClient(object):
                             )
                             body = None
 
-                        e = HttpResponseException(
-                            response.code, response.phrase, body
-                        )
+                        e = HttpResponseException(response.code, response.phrase, body)
 
                         # Retry if the error is a 429 (Too Many Requests),
                         # otherwise just raise a standard HttpResponseException
@@ -521,7 +503,7 @@ class MatrixFederationHttpClient(object):
             defer.returnValue(response)
 
     def build_auth_headers(
-        self, destination, method, url_bytes, content=None, destination_is=None,
+        self, destination, method, url_bytes, content=None, destination_is=None
     ):
         """
         Builds the Authorization headers for a federation request
@@ -538,11 +520,7 @@ class MatrixFederationHttpClient(object):
         Returns:
             list[bytes]: a list of headers to be added as "Authorization:" headers
         """
-        request = {
-            "method": method,
-            "uri": url_bytes,
-            "origin": self.server_name,
-        }
+        request = {"method": method, "uri": url_bytes, "origin": self.server_name}
 
         if destination is not None:
             request["destination"] = destination
@@ -558,20 +536,28 @@ class MatrixFederationHttpClient(object):
         auth_headers = []
 
         for key, sig in request["signatures"][self.server_name].items():
-            auth_headers.append((
-                "X-Matrix origin=%s,key=\"%s\",sig=\"%s\"" % (
-                    self.server_name, key, sig,
-                )).encode('ascii')
+            auth_headers.append(
+                (
+                    'X-Matrix origin=%s,key="%s",sig="%s"'
+                    % (self.server_name, key, sig)
+                ).encode("ascii")
             )
         return auth_headers
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def put_json(self, destination, path, args={}, data={},
-                 json_data_callback=None,
-                 long_retries=False, timeout=None,
-                 ignore_backoff=False,
-                 backoff_on_404=False,
-                 try_trailing_slash_on_400=False):
+    def put_json(
+        self,
+        destination,
+        path,
+        args={},
+        data={},
+        json_data_callback=None,
+        long_retries=False,
+        timeout=None,
+        ignore_backoff=False,
+        backoff_on_404=False,
+        try_trailing_slash_on_400=False,
+    ):
         """ Sends the specifed json data using PUT
 
         Args:
@@ -635,14 +621,22 @@ class MatrixFederationHttpClient(object):
         )
 
         body = yield _handle_json_response(
-            self.reactor, self.default_timeout, request, response,
+            self.reactor, self.default_timeout, request, response
         )
 
         defer.returnValue(body)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def post_json(self, destination, path, data={}, long_retries=False,
-                  timeout=None, ignore_backoff=False, args={}):
+    def post_json(
+        self,
+        destination,
+        path,
+        data={},
+        long_retries=False,
+        timeout=None,
+        ignore_backoff=False,
+        args={},
+    ):
         """ Sends the specifed json data using POST
 
         Args:
@@ -681,11 +675,7 @@ class MatrixFederationHttpClient(object):
         """
 
         request = MatrixFederationRequest(
-            method="POST",
-            destination=destination,
-            path=path,
-            query=args,
-            json=data,
+            method="POST", destination=destination, path=path, query=args, json=data
         )
 
         response = yield self._send_request(
@@ -701,14 +691,21 @@ class MatrixFederationHttpClient(object):
             _sec_timeout = self.default_timeout
 
         body = yield _handle_json_response(
-            self.reactor, _sec_timeout, request, response,
+            self.reactor, _sec_timeout, request, response
         )
         defer.returnValue(body)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_json(self, destination, path, args=None, retry_on_dns_fail=True,
-                 timeout=None, ignore_backoff=False,
-                 try_trailing_slash_on_400=False):
+    def get_json(
+        self,
+        destination,
+        path,
+        args=None,
+        retry_on_dns_fail=True,
+        timeout=None,
+        ignore_backoff=False,
+        try_trailing_slash_on_400=False,
+    ):
         """ GETs some json from the given host homeserver and path
 
         Args:
@@ -745,10 +742,7 @@ class MatrixFederationHttpClient(object):
                 remote, due to e.g. DNS failures, connection timeouts etc.
         """
         request = MatrixFederationRequest(
-            method="GET",
-            destination=destination,
-            path=path,
-            query=args,
+            method="GET", destination=destination, path=path, query=args
         )
 
         response = yield self._send_request_with_optional_trailing_slash(
@@ -761,14 +755,21 @@ class MatrixFederationHttpClient(object):
         )
 
         body = yield _handle_json_response(
-            self.reactor, self.default_timeout, request, response,
+            self.reactor, self.default_timeout, request, response
         )
 
         defer.returnValue(body)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def delete_json(self, destination, path, long_retries=False,
-                    timeout=None, ignore_backoff=False, args={}):
+    def delete_json(
+        self,
+        destination,
+        path,
+        long_retries=False,
+        timeout=None,
+        ignore_backoff=False,
+        args={},
+    ):
         """Send a DELETE request to the remote expecting some json response
 
         Args:
@@ -802,10 +803,7 @@ class MatrixFederationHttpClient(object):
                 remote, due to e.g. DNS failures, connection timeouts etc.
         """
         request = MatrixFederationRequest(
-            method="DELETE",
-            destination=destination,
-            path=path,
-            query=args,
+            method="DELETE", destination=destination, path=path, query=args
         )
 
         response = yield self._send_request(
@@ -816,14 +814,21 @@ class MatrixFederationHttpClient(object):
         )
 
         body = yield _handle_json_response(
-            self.reactor, self.default_timeout, request, response,
+            self.reactor, self.default_timeout, request, response
         )
         defer.returnValue(body)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_file(self, destination, path, output_stream, args={},
-                 retry_on_dns_fail=True, max_size=None,
-                 ignore_backoff=False):
+    def get_file(
+        self,
+        destination,
+        path,
+        output_stream,
+        args={},
+        retry_on_dns_fail=True,
+        max_size=None,
+        ignore_backoff=False,
+    ):
         """GETs a file from a given homeserver
         Args:
             destination (str): The remote server to send the HTTP request to.
@@ -848,16 +853,11 @@ class MatrixFederationHttpClient(object):
                 remote, due to e.g. DNS failures, connection timeouts etc.
         """
         request = MatrixFederationRequest(
-            method="GET",
-            destination=destination,
-            path=path,
-            query=args,
+            method="GET", destination=destination, path=path, query=args
         )
 
         response = yield self._send_request(
-            request,
-            retry_on_dns_fail=retry_on_dns_fail,
-            ignore_backoff=ignore_backoff,
+            request, retry_on_dns_fail=retry_on_dns_fail, ignore_backoff=ignore_backoff
         )
 
         headers = dict(response.headers.getAllRawHeaders())
@@ -879,7 +879,7 @@ class MatrixFederationHttpClient(object):
             request.txn_id,
             request.destination,
             response.code,
-            response.phrase.decode('ascii', errors='replace'),
+            response.phrase.decode("ascii", errors="replace"),
             length,
         )
         defer.returnValue((length, headers))
@@ -896,11 +896,13 @@ class _ReadBodyToFileProtocol(protocol.Protocol):
         self.stream.write(data)
         self.length += len(data)
         if self.max_size is not None and self.length >= self.max_size:
-            self.deferred.errback(SynapseError(
-                502,
-                "Requested file is too large > %r bytes" % (self.max_size,),
-                Codes.TOO_LARGE,
-            ))
+            self.deferred.errback(
+                SynapseError(
+                    502,
+                    "Requested file is too large > %r bytes" % (self.max_size,),
+                    Codes.TOO_LARGE,
+                )
+            )
             self.deferred = defer.Deferred()
             self.transport.loseConnection()
 
@@ -920,8 +922,7 @@ def _readBodyToFile(response, stream, max_size):
 def _flatten_response_never_received(e):
     if hasattr(e, "reasons"):
         reasons = ", ".join(
-            _flatten_response_never_received(f.value)
-            for f in e.reasons
+            _flatten_response_never_received(f.value) for f in e.reasons
         )
 
         return "%s:[%s]" % (type(e).__name__, reasons)
@@ -943,16 +944,15 @@ def check_content_type_is_json(headers):
     """
     c_type = headers.getRawHeaders(b"Content-Type")
     if c_type is None:
-        raise RequestSendFailed(RuntimeError(
-            "No Content-Type header"
-        ), can_retry=False)
+        raise RequestSendFailed(RuntimeError("No Content-Type header"), can_retry=False)
 
-    c_type = c_type[0].decode('ascii')  # only the first header
+    c_type = c_type[0].decode("ascii")  # only the first header
     val, options = cgi.parse_header(c_type)
     if val != "application/json":
-        raise RequestSendFailed(RuntimeError(
-            "Content-Type not application/json: was '%s'" % c_type
-        ), can_retry=False)
+        raise RequestSendFailed(
+            RuntimeError("Content-Type not application/json: was '%s'" % c_type),
+            can_retry=False,
+        )
 
 
 def encode_query_args(args):
@@ -967,4 +967,4 @@ def encode_query_args(args):
 
     query_bytes = urllib.parse.urlencode(encoded_args, True)
 
-    return query_bytes.encode('utf8')
+    return query_bytes.encode("utf8")
diff --git a/synapse/http/server.py b/synapse/http/server.py
index 16fb7935da..6fd13e87d1 100644
--- a/synapse/http/server.py
+++ b/synapse/http/server.py
@@ -81,9 +81,7 @@ def wrap_json_request_handler(h):
             yield h(self, request)
         except SynapseError as e:
             code = e.code
-            logger.info(
-                "%s SynapseError: %s - %s", request, code, e.msg
-            )
+            logger.info("%s SynapseError: %s - %s", request, code, e.msg)
 
             # Only respond with an error response if we haven't already started
             # writing, otherwise lets just kill the connection
@@ -96,7 +94,10 @@ def wrap_json_request_handler(h):
                         pass
             else:
                 respond_with_json(
-                    request, code, e.error_dict(), send_cors=True,
+                    request,
+                    code,
+                    e.error_dict(),
+                    send_cors=True,
                     pretty_print=_request_user_agent_is_curl(request),
                 )
 
@@ -124,10 +125,7 @@ def wrap_json_request_handler(h):
                 respond_with_json(
                     request,
                     500,
-                    {
-                        "error": "Internal server error",
-                        "errcode": Codes.UNKNOWN,
-                    },
+                    {"error": "Internal server error", "errcode": Codes.UNKNOWN},
                     send_cors=True,
                     pretty_print=_request_user_agent_is_curl(request),
                 )
@@ -143,6 +141,7 @@ def wrap_html_request_handler(h):
     The handler method must have a signature of "handle_foo(self, request)",
     where "request" must be a SynapseRequest.
     """
+
     def wrapped_request_handler(self, request):
         d = defer.maybeDeferred(h, self, request)
         d.addErrback(_return_html_error, request)
@@ -164,9 +163,7 @@ def _return_html_error(f, request):
         msg = cme.msg
 
         if isinstance(cme, SynapseError):
-            logger.info(
-                "%s SynapseError: %s - %s", request, code, msg
-            )
+            logger.info("%s SynapseError: %s - %s", request, code, msg)
         else:
             logger.error(
                 "Failed handle request %r",
@@ -183,9 +180,7 @@ def _return_html_error(f, request):
             exc_info=(f.type, f.value, f.getTracebackObject()),
         )
 
-    body = HTML_ERROR_TEMPLATE.format(
-        code=code, msg=cgi.escape(msg),
-    ).encode("utf-8")
+    body = HTML_ERROR_TEMPLATE.format(code=code, msg=cgi.escape(msg)).encode("utf-8")
     request.setResponseCode(code)
     request.setHeader(b"Content-Type", b"text/html; charset=utf-8")
     request.setHeader(b"Content-Length", b"%i" % (len(body),))
@@ -205,6 +200,7 @@ def wrap_async_request_handler(h):
     The handler may return a deferred, in which case the completion of the request isn't
     logged until the deferred completes.
     """
+
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def wrapped_async_request_handler(self, request):
         with request.processing():
@@ -306,12 +302,14 @@ class JsonResource(HttpServer, resource.Resource):
                 # URL again (as it was decoded by _get_handler_for request), as
                 # ASCII because it's a URL, and then decode it to get the UTF-8
                 # characters that were quoted.
-                return urllib.parse.unquote(s.encode('ascii')).decode('utf8')
+                return urllib.parse.unquote(s.encode("ascii")).decode("utf8")
 
-        kwargs = intern_dict({
-            name: _unquote(value) if value else value
-            for name, value in group_dict.items()
-        })
+        kwargs = intern_dict(
+            {
+                name: _unquote(value) if value else value
+                for name, value in group_dict.items()
+            }
+        )
 
         callback_return = yield callback(request, **kwargs)
         if callback_return is not None:
@@ -339,7 +337,7 @@ class JsonResource(HttpServer, resource.Resource):
         # Loop through all the registered callbacks to check if the method
         # and path regex match
         for path_entry in self.path_regexs.get(request.method, []):
-            m = path_entry.pattern.match(request.path.decode('ascii'))
+            m = path_entry.pattern.match(request.path.decode("ascii"))
             if m:
                 # We found a match!
                 return path_entry.callback, m.groupdict()
@@ -347,11 +345,14 @@ class JsonResource(HttpServer, resource.Resource):
         # Huh. No one wanted to handle that? Fiiiiiine. Send 400.
         return _unrecognised_request_handler, {}
 
-    def _send_response(self, request, code, response_json_object,
-                       response_code_message=None):
+    def _send_response(
+        self, request, code, response_json_object, response_code_message=None
+    ):
         # TODO: Only enable CORS for the requests that need it.
         respond_with_json(
-            request, code, response_json_object,
+            request,
+            code,
+            response_json_object,
             send_cors=True,
             response_code_message=response_code_message,
             pretty_print=_request_user_agent_is_curl(request),
@@ -395,7 +396,7 @@ class RootRedirect(resource.Resource):
         self.url = path
 
     def render_GET(self, request):
-        return redirectTo(self.url.encode('ascii'), request)
+        return redirectTo(self.url.encode("ascii"), request)
 
     def getChild(self, name, request):
         if len(name) == 0:
@@ -403,16 +404,22 @@ class RootRedirect(resource.Resource):
         return resource.Resource.getChild(self, name, request)
 
 
-def respond_with_json(request, code, json_object, send_cors=False,
-                      response_code_message=None, pretty_print=False,
-                      canonical_json=True):
+def respond_with_json(
+    request,
+    code,
+    json_object,
+    send_cors=False,
+    response_code_message=None,
+    pretty_print=False,
+    canonical_json=True,
+):
     # could alternatively use request.notifyFinish() and flip a flag when
     # the Deferred fires, but since the flag is RIGHT THERE it seems like
     # a waste.
     if request._disconnected:
         logger.warn(
-            "Not sending response to request %s, already disconnected.",
-            request)
+            "Not sending response to request %s, already disconnected.", request
+        )
         return
 
     if pretty_print:
@@ -425,14 +432,17 @@ def respond_with_json(request, code, json_object, send_cors=False,
             json_bytes = json.dumps(json_object).encode("utf-8")
 
     return respond_with_json_bytes(
-        request, code, json_bytes,
+        request,
+        code,
+        json_bytes,
         send_cors=send_cors,
         response_code_message=response_code_message,
     )
 
 
-def respond_with_json_bytes(request, code, json_bytes, send_cors=False,
-                            response_code_message=None):
+def respond_with_json_bytes(
+    request, code, json_bytes, send_cors=False, response_code_message=None
+):
     """Sends encoded JSON in response to the given request.
 
     Args:
@@ -474,7 +484,7 @@ def set_cors_headers(request):
     )
     request.setHeader(
         b"Access-Control-Allow-Headers",
-        b"Origin, X-Requested-With, Content-Type, Accept, Authorization"
+        b"Origin, X-Requested-With, Content-Type, Accept, Authorization",
     )
 
 
@@ -498,9 +508,7 @@ def finish_request(request):
 
 
 def _request_user_agent_is_curl(request):
-    user_agents = request.requestHeaders.getRawHeaders(
-        b"User-Agent", default=[]
-    )
+    user_agents = request.requestHeaders.getRawHeaders(b"User-Agent", default=[])
     for user_agent in user_agents:
         if b"curl" in user_agent:
             return True
diff --git a/synapse/http/servlet.py b/synapse/http/servlet.py
index 197c652850..cd8415acd5 100644
--- a/synapse/http/servlet.py
+++ b/synapse/http/servlet.py
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ def parse_integer(request, name, default=None, required=False):
 def parse_integer_from_args(args, name, default=None, required=False):
 
     if not isinstance(name, bytes):
-        name = name.encode('ascii')
+        name = name.encode("ascii")
 
     if name in args:
         try:
@@ -89,18 +89,14 @@ def parse_boolean(request, name, default=None, required=False):
 def parse_boolean_from_args(args, name, default=None, required=False):
 
     if not isinstance(name, bytes):
-        name = name.encode('ascii')
+        name = name.encode("ascii")
 
     if name in args:
         try:
-            return {
-                b"true": True,
-                b"false": False,
-            }[args[name][0]]
+            return {b"true": True, b"false": False}[args[name][0]]
         except Exception:
             message = (
-                "Boolean query parameter %r must be one of"
-                " ['true', 'false']"
+                "Boolean query parameter %r must be one of" " ['true', 'false']"
             ) % (name,)
             raise SynapseError(400, message)
     else:
@@ -111,8 +107,15 @@ def parse_boolean_from_args(args, name, default=None, required=False):
             return default
 
 
-def parse_string(request, name, default=None, required=False,
-                 allowed_values=None, param_type="string", encoding='ascii'):
+def parse_string(
+    request,
+    name,
+    default=None,
+    required=False,
+    allowed_values=None,
+    param_type="string",
+    encoding="ascii",
+):
     """
     Parse a string parameter from the request query string.
 
@@ -145,11 +148,18 @@ def parse_string(request, name, default=None, required=False,
     )
 
 
-def parse_string_from_args(args, name, default=None, required=False,
-                           allowed_values=None, param_type="string", encoding='ascii'):
+def parse_string_from_args(
+    args,
+    name,
+    default=None,
+    required=False,
+    allowed_values=None,
+    param_type="string",
+    encoding="ascii",
+):
 
     if not isinstance(name, bytes):
-        name = name.encode('ascii')
+        name = name.encode("ascii")
 
     if name in args:
         value = args[name][0]
@@ -159,7 +169,8 @@ def parse_string_from_args(args, name, default=None, required=False,
 
         if allowed_values is not None and value not in allowed_values:
             message = "Query parameter %r must be one of [%s]" % (
-                name, ", ".join(repr(v) for v in allowed_values)
+                name,
+                ", ".join(repr(v) for v in allowed_values),
             )
             raise SynapseError(400, message)
         else:
@@ -201,7 +212,7 @@ def parse_json_value_from_request(request, allow_empty_body=False):
     # Decode to Unicode so that simplejson will return Unicode strings on
     # Python 2
     try:
-        content_unicode = content_bytes.decode('utf8')
+        content_unicode = content_bytes.decode("utf8")
     except UnicodeDecodeError:
         logger.warn("Unable to decode UTF-8")
         raise SynapseError(400, "Content not JSON.", errcode=Codes.NOT_JSON)
@@ -227,9 +238,7 @@ def parse_json_object_from_request(request, allow_empty_body=False):
         SynapseError if the request body couldn't be decoded as JSON or
             if it wasn't a JSON object.
     """
-    content = parse_json_value_from_request(
-        request, allow_empty_body=allow_empty_body,
-    )
+    content = parse_json_value_from_request(request, allow_empty_body=allow_empty_body)
 
     if allow_empty_body and content is None:
         return {}
diff --git a/synapse/http/site.py b/synapse/http/site.py
index e508c0bd4f..93f679ea48 100644
--- a/synapse/http/site.py
+++ b/synapse/http/site.py
@@ -46,10 +46,11 @@ class SynapseRequest(Request):
     Attributes:
         logcontext(LoggingContext) : the log context for this request
     """
+
     def __init__(self, site, channel, *args, **kw):
         Request.__init__(self, channel, *args, **kw)
         self.site = site
-        self._channel = channel     # this is used by the tests
+        self._channel = channel  # this is used by the tests
         self.authenticated_entity = None
         self.start_time = 0
 
@@ -72,12 +73,12 @@ class SynapseRequest(Request):
 
     def __repr__(self):
         # We overwrite this so that we don't log ``access_token``
-        return '<%s at 0x%x method=%r uri=%r clientproto=%r site=%r>' % (
+        return "<%s at 0x%x method=%r uri=%r clientproto=%r site=%r>" % (
             self.__class__.__name__,
             id(self),
             self.get_method(),
             self.get_redacted_uri(),
-            self.clientproto.decode('ascii', errors='replace'),
+            self.clientproto.decode("ascii", errors="replace"),
             self.site.site_tag,
         )
 
@@ -87,7 +88,7 @@ class SynapseRequest(Request):
     def get_redacted_uri(self):
         uri = self.uri
         if isinstance(uri, bytes):
-            uri = self.uri.decode('ascii')
+            uri = self.uri.decode("ascii")
         return redact_uri(uri)
 
     def get_method(self):
@@ -102,7 +103,7 @@ class SynapseRequest(Request):
         """
         method = self.method
         if isinstance(method, bytes):
-            method = self.method.decode('ascii')
+            method = self.method.decode("ascii")
         return method
 
     def get_user_agent(self):
@@ -134,8 +135,7 @@ class SynapseRequest(Request):
             # dispatching to the handler, so that the handler
             # can update the servlet name in the request
             # metrics
-            requests_counter.labels(self.get_method(),
-                                    self.request_metrics.name).inc()
+            requests_counter.labels(self.get_method(), self.request_metrics.name).inc()
 
     @contextlib.contextmanager
     def processing(self):
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ class SynapseRequest(Request):
         # the client disconnects.
         with PreserveLoggingContext(self.logcontext):
             logger.warn(
-                "Error processing request %r: %s %s", self, reason.type, reason.value,
+                "Error processing request %r: %s %s", self, reason.type, reason.value
             )
 
             if not self._is_processing:
@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ class SynapseRequest(Request):
         self.start_time = time.time()
         self.request_metrics = RequestMetrics()
         self.request_metrics.start(
-            self.start_time, name=servlet_name, method=self.get_method(),
+            self.start_time, name=servlet_name, method=self.get_method()
         )
 
         self.site.access_logger.info(
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ class SynapseRequest(Request):
             self.getClientIP(),
             self.site.site_tag,
             self.get_method(),
-            self.get_redacted_uri()
+            self.get_redacted_uri(),
         )
 
     def _finished_processing(self):
@@ -282,7 +282,7 @@ class SynapseRequest(Request):
         self.site.access_logger.info(
             "%s - %s - {%s}"
             " Processed request: %.3fsec/%.3fsec (%.3fsec, %.3fsec) (%.3fsec/%.3fsec/%d)"
-            " %sB %s \"%s %s %s\" \"%s\" [%d dbevts]",
+            ' %sB %s "%s %s %s" "%s" [%d dbevts]',
             self.getClientIP(),
             self.site.site_tag,
             authenticated_entity,
@@ -297,7 +297,7 @@ class SynapseRequest(Request):
             code,
             self.get_method(),
             self.get_redacted_uri(),
-            self.clientproto.decode('ascii', errors='replace'),
+            self.clientproto.decode("ascii", errors="replace"),
             user_agent,
             usage.evt_db_fetch_count,
         )
@@ -316,14 +316,19 @@ class XForwardedForRequest(SynapseRequest):
     Add a layer on top of another request that only uses the value of an
     X-Forwarded-For header as the result of C{getClientIP}.
     """
+
     def getClientIP(self):
         """
         @return: The client address (the first address) in the value of the
             I{X-Forwarded-For header}.  If the header is not present, return
             C{b"-"}.
         """
-        return self.requestHeaders.getRawHeaders(
-            b"x-forwarded-for", [b"-"])[0].split(b",")[0].strip().decode('ascii')
+        return (
+            self.requestHeaders.getRawHeaders(b"x-forwarded-for", [b"-"])[0]
+            .split(b",")[0]
+            .strip()
+            .decode("ascii")
+        )
 
 
 class SynapseRequestFactory(object):
@@ -343,8 +348,17 @@ class SynapseSite(Site):
     Subclass of a twisted http Site that does access logging with python's
     standard logging
     """
-    def __init__(self, logger_name, site_tag, config, resource,
-                 server_version_string, *args, **kwargs):
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        logger_name,
+        site_tag,
+        config,
+        resource,
+        server_version_string,
+        *args,
+        **kwargs
+    ):
         Site.__init__(self, resource, *args, **kwargs)
 
         self.site_tag = site_tag
@@ -352,7 +366,7 @@ class SynapseSite(Site):
         proxied = config.get("x_forwarded", False)
         self.requestFactory = SynapseRequestFactory(self, proxied)
         self.access_logger = logging.getLogger(logger_name)
-        self.server_version_string = server_version_string.encode('ascii')
+        self.server_version_string = server_version_string.encode("ascii")
 
     def log(self, request):
         pass
diff --git a/synapse/metrics/__init__.py b/synapse/metrics/__init__.py
index 8aee14a8a8..1f30179b51 100644
--- a/synapse/metrics/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/metrics/__init__.py
@@ -231,10 +231,7 @@ class BucketCollector(object):
         res.append(["+Inf", sum(data.values())])
 
         metric = HistogramMetricFamily(
-            self.name,
-            "",
-            buckets=res,
-            sum_value=sum([x * y for x, y in data.items()]),
+            self.name, "", buckets=res, sum_value=sum([x * y for x, y in data.items()])
         )
         yield metric
 
@@ -263,7 +260,7 @@ class CPUMetrics(object):
         ticks_per_sec = 100
         try:
             # Try and get the system config
-            ticks_per_sec = os.sysconf('SC_CLK_TCK')
+            ticks_per_sec = os.sysconf("SC_CLK_TCK")
         except (ValueError, TypeError, AttributeError):
             pass
 
diff --git a/synapse/metrics/background_process_metrics.py b/synapse/metrics/background_process_metrics.py
index 037f1c490e..167e2c068a 100644
--- a/synapse/metrics/background_process_metrics.py
+++ b/synapse/metrics/background_process_metrics.py
@@ -60,8 +60,10 @@ _background_process_db_txn_count = Counter(
 
 _background_process_db_txn_duration = Counter(
     "synapse_background_process_db_txn_duration_seconds",
-    ("Seconds spent by background processes waiting for database "
-     "transactions, excluding scheduling time"),
+    (
+        "Seconds spent by background processes waiting for database "
+        "transactions, excluding scheduling time"
+    ),
     ["name"],
     registry=None,
 )
@@ -94,6 +96,7 @@ class _Collector(object):
     Ensures that all of the metrics are up-to-date with any in-flight processes
     before they are returned.
     """
+
     def collect(self):
         background_process_in_flight_count = GaugeMetricFamily(
             "synapse_background_process_in_flight_count",
@@ -105,14 +108,11 @@ class _Collector(object):
         # We also copy the process lists as that can also change
         with _bg_metrics_lock:
             _background_processes_copy = {
-                k: list(v)
-                for k, v in six.iteritems(_background_processes)
+                k: list(v) for k, v in six.iteritems(_background_processes)
             }
 
         for desc, processes in six.iteritems(_background_processes_copy):
-            background_process_in_flight_count.add_metric(
-                (desc,), len(processes),
-            )
+            background_process_in_flight_count.add_metric((desc,), len(processes))
             for process in processes:
                 process.update_metrics()
 
@@ -121,11 +121,11 @@ class _Collector(object):
         # now we need to run collect() over each of the static Counters, and
         # yield each metric they return.
         for m in (
-                _background_process_ru_utime,
-                _background_process_ru_stime,
-                _background_process_db_txn_count,
-                _background_process_db_txn_duration,
-                _background_process_db_sched_duration,
+            _background_process_ru_utime,
+            _background_process_ru_stime,
+            _background_process_db_txn_count,
+            _background_process_db_txn_duration,
+            _background_process_db_sched_duration,
         ):
             for r in m.collect():
                 yield r
@@ -151,14 +151,12 @@ class _BackgroundProcess(object):
 
         _background_process_ru_utime.labels(self.desc).inc(diff.ru_utime)
         _background_process_ru_stime.labels(self.desc).inc(diff.ru_stime)
-        _background_process_db_txn_count.labels(self.desc).inc(
-            diff.db_txn_count,
-        )
+        _background_process_db_txn_count.labels(self.desc).inc(diff.db_txn_count)
         _background_process_db_txn_duration.labels(self.desc).inc(
-            diff.db_txn_duration_sec,
+            diff.db_txn_duration_sec
         )
         _background_process_db_sched_duration.labels(self.desc).inc(
-            diff.db_sched_duration_sec,
+            diff.db_sched_duration_sec
         )
 
 
@@ -182,6 +180,7 @@ def run_as_background_process(desc, func, *args, **kwargs):
     Returns: Deferred which returns the result of func, but note that it does not
         follow the synapse logcontext rules.
     """
+
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def run():
         with _bg_metrics_lock:
diff --git a/synapse/module_api/__init__.py b/synapse/module_api/__init__.py
index b3abd1b3c6..bf43ca09be 100644
--- a/synapse/module_api/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/module_api/__init__.py
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ class ModuleApi(object):
     """A proxy object that gets passed to password auth providers so they
     can register new users etc if necessary.
     """
+
     def __init__(self, hs, auth_handler):
         self.hs = hs
 
@@ -57,7 +58,7 @@ class ModuleApi(object):
         Returns:
             str: qualified @user:id
         """
-        if username.startswith('@'):
+        if username.startswith("@"):
             return username
         return UserID(username, self.hs.hostname).to_string()
 
@@ -89,8 +90,7 @@ class ModuleApi(object):
         # Register the user
         reg = self.hs.get_registration_handler()
         user_id, access_token = yield reg.register(
-            localpart=localpart, default_display_name=displayname,
-            bind_emails=emails,
+            localpart=localpart, default_display_name=displayname, bind_emails=emails
         )
 
         defer.returnValue((user_id, access_token))
diff --git a/synapse/notifier.py b/synapse/notifier.py
index ff589660da..1ac9c5bb84 100644
--- a/synapse/notifier.py
+++ b/synapse/notifier.py
@@ -37,7 +37,8 @@ logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 notified_events_counter = Counter("synapse_notifier_notified_events", "")
 
 users_woken_by_stream_counter = Counter(
-    "synapse_notifier_users_woken_by_stream", "", ["stream"])
+    "synapse_notifier_users_woken_by_stream", "", ["stream"]
+)
 
 
 # TODO(paul): Should be shared somewhere
@@ -55,6 +56,7 @@ class _NotificationListener(object):
     The events stream handler will have yielded to the deferred, so to
     notify the handler it is sufficient to resolve the deferred.
     """
+
     __slots__ = ["deferred"]
 
     def __init__(self, deferred):
@@ -95,9 +97,7 @@ class _NotifierUserStream(object):
             stream_id(str): The new id for the stream the event came from.
             time_now_ms(int): The current time in milliseconds.
         """
-        self.current_token = self.current_token.copy_and_advance(
-            stream_key, stream_id
-        )
+        self.current_token = self.current_token.copy_and_advance(stream_key, stream_id)
         self.last_notified_token = self.current_token
         self.last_notified_ms = time_now_ms
         noify_deferred = self.notify_deferred
@@ -141,6 +141,7 @@ class _NotifierUserStream(object):
 class EventStreamResult(namedtuple("EventStreamResult", ("events", "tokens"))):
     def __nonzero__(self):
         return bool(self.events)
+
     __bool__ = __nonzero__  # python3
 
 
@@ -190,15 +191,17 @@ class Notifier(object):
                 all_user_streams.add(x)
 
             return sum(stream.count_listeners() for stream in all_user_streams)
+
         LaterGauge("synapse_notifier_listeners", "", [], count_listeners)
 
         LaterGauge(
-            "synapse_notifier_rooms", "", [],
+            "synapse_notifier_rooms",
+            "",
+            [],
             lambda: count(bool, list(self.room_to_user_streams.values())),
         )
         LaterGauge(
-            "synapse_notifier_users", "", [],
-            lambda: len(self.user_to_user_stream),
+            "synapse_notifier_users", "", [], lambda: len(self.user_to_user_stream)
         )
 
     def add_replication_callback(self, cb):
@@ -209,8 +212,9 @@ class Notifier(object):
         """
         self.replication_callbacks.append(cb)
 
-    def on_new_room_event(self, event, room_stream_id, max_room_stream_id,
-                          extra_users=[]):
+    def on_new_room_event(
+        self, event, room_stream_id, max_room_stream_id, extra_users=[]
+    ):
         """ Used by handlers to inform the notifier something has happened
         in the room, room event wise.
 
@@ -222,9 +226,7 @@ class Notifier(object):
         until all previous events have been persisted before notifying
         the client streams.
         """
-        self.pending_new_room_events.append((
-            room_stream_id, event, extra_users
-        ))
+        self.pending_new_room_events.append((room_stream_id, event, extra_users))
         self._notify_pending_new_room_events(max_room_stream_id)
 
         self.notify_replication()
@@ -240,9 +242,9 @@ class Notifier(object):
         self.pending_new_room_events = []
         for room_stream_id, event, extra_users in pending:
             if room_stream_id > max_room_stream_id:
-                self.pending_new_room_events.append((
-                    room_stream_id, event, extra_users
-                ))
+                self.pending_new_room_events.append(
+                    (room_stream_id, event, extra_users)
+                )
             else:
                 self._on_new_room_event(event, room_stream_id, extra_users)
 
@@ -250,8 +252,7 @@ class Notifier(object):
         """Notify any user streams that are interested in this room event"""
         # poke any interested application service.
         run_as_background_process(
-            "notify_app_services",
-            self._notify_app_services, room_stream_id,
+            "notify_app_services", self._notify_app_services, room_stream_id
         )
 
         if self.federation_sender:
@@ -261,9 +262,7 @@ class Notifier(object):
             self._user_joined_room(event.state_key, event.room_id)
 
         self.on_new_event(
-            "room_key", room_stream_id,
-            users=extra_users,
-            rooms=[event.room_id],
+            "room_key", room_stream_id, users=extra_users, rooms=[event.room_id]
         )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -305,8 +304,9 @@ class Notifier(object):
         self.notify_replication()
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def wait_for_events(self, user_id, timeout, callback, room_ids=None,
-                        from_token=StreamToken.START):
+    def wait_for_events(
+        self, user_id, timeout, callback, room_ids=None, from_token=StreamToken.START
+    ):
         """Wait until the callback returns a non empty response or the
         timeout fires.
         """
@@ -368,9 +368,15 @@ class Notifier(object):
         defer.returnValue(result)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_events_for(self, user, pagination_config, timeout,
-                       only_keys=None,
-                       is_guest=False, explicit_room_id=None):
+    def get_events_for(
+        self,
+        user,
+        pagination_config,
+        timeout,
+        only_keys=None,
+        is_guest=False,
+        explicit_room_id=None,
+    ):
         """ For the given user and rooms, return any new events for them. If
         there are no new events wait for up to `timeout` milliseconds for any
         new events to happen before returning.
@@ -419,10 +425,7 @@ class Notifier(object):
 
                 if name == "room":
                     new_events = yield filter_events_for_client(
-                        self.store,
-                        user.to_string(),
-                        new_events,
-                        is_peeking=is_peeking,
+                        self.store, user.to_string(), new_events, is_peeking=is_peeking
                     )
                 elif name == "presence":
                     now = self.clock.time_msec()
@@ -450,7 +453,8 @@ class Notifier(object):
             #
             # I am sorry for what I have done.
             user_id_for_stream = "_PEEKING_%s_%s" % (
-                explicit_room_id, user_id_for_stream
+                explicit_room_id,
+                user_id_for_stream,
             )
 
         result = yield self.wait_for_events(
@@ -477,9 +481,7 @@ class Notifier(object):
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _is_world_readable(self, room_id):
         state = yield self.state_handler.get_current_state(
-            room_id,
-            EventTypes.RoomHistoryVisibility,
-            "",
+            room_id, EventTypes.RoomHistoryVisibility, ""
         )
         if state and "history_visibility" in state.content:
             defer.returnValue(state.content["history_visibility"] == "world_readable")
diff --git a/synapse/push/action_generator.py b/synapse/push/action_generator.py
index a5de75c48a..1ffd5e2df3 100644
--- a/synapse/push/action_generator.py
+++ b/synapse/push/action_generator.py
@@ -40,6 +40,4 @@ class ActionGenerator(object):
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def handle_push_actions_for_event(self, event, context):
         with Measure(self.clock, "action_for_event_by_user"):
-            yield self.bulk_evaluator.action_for_event_by_user(
-                event, context
-            )
+            yield self.bulk_evaluator.action_for_event_by_user(event, context)
diff --git a/synapse/push/baserules.py b/synapse/push/baserules.py
index 3523a40108..96d087de22 100644
--- a/synapse/push/baserules.py
+++ b/synapse/push/baserules.py
@@ -31,48 +31,54 @@ def list_with_base_rules(rawrules):
 
     # Grab the base rules that the user has modified.
     # The modified base rules have a priority_class of -1.
-    modified_base_rules = {
-        r['rule_id']: r for r in rawrules if r['priority_class'] < 0
-    }
+    modified_base_rules = {r["rule_id"]: r for r in rawrules if r["priority_class"] < 0}
 
     # Remove the modified base rules from the list, They'll be added back
     # in the default postions in the list.
-    rawrules = [r for r in rawrules if r['priority_class'] >= 0]
+    rawrules = [r for r in rawrules if r["priority_class"] >= 0]
 
     # shove the server default rules for each kind onto the end of each
     current_prio_class = list(PRIORITY_CLASS_INVERSE_MAP)[-1]
 
-    ruleslist.extend(make_base_prepend_rules(
-        PRIORITY_CLASS_INVERSE_MAP[current_prio_class], modified_base_rules
-    ))
+    ruleslist.extend(
+        make_base_prepend_rules(
+            PRIORITY_CLASS_INVERSE_MAP[current_prio_class], modified_base_rules
+        )
+    )
 
     for r in rawrules:
-        if r['priority_class'] < current_prio_class:
-            while r['priority_class'] < current_prio_class:
-                ruleslist.extend(make_base_append_rules(
-                    PRIORITY_CLASS_INVERSE_MAP[current_prio_class],
-                    modified_base_rules,
-                ))
-                current_prio_class -= 1
-                if current_prio_class > 0:
-                    ruleslist.extend(make_base_prepend_rules(
+        if r["priority_class"] < current_prio_class:
+            while r["priority_class"] < current_prio_class:
+                ruleslist.extend(
+                    make_base_append_rules(
                         PRIORITY_CLASS_INVERSE_MAP[current_prio_class],
                         modified_base_rules,
-                    ))
+                    )
+                )
+                current_prio_class -= 1
+                if current_prio_class > 0:
+                    ruleslist.extend(
+                        make_base_prepend_rules(
+                            PRIORITY_CLASS_INVERSE_MAP[current_prio_class],
+                            modified_base_rules,
+                        )
+                    )
 
         ruleslist.append(r)
 
     while current_prio_class > 0:
-        ruleslist.extend(make_base_append_rules(
-            PRIORITY_CLASS_INVERSE_MAP[current_prio_class],
-            modified_base_rules,
-        ))
+        ruleslist.extend(
+            make_base_append_rules(
+                PRIORITY_CLASS_INVERSE_MAP[current_prio_class], modified_base_rules
+            )
+        )
         current_prio_class -= 1
         if current_prio_class > 0:
-            ruleslist.extend(make_base_prepend_rules(
-                PRIORITY_CLASS_INVERSE_MAP[current_prio_class],
-                modified_base_rules,
-            ))
+            ruleslist.extend(
+                make_base_prepend_rules(
+                    PRIORITY_CLASS_INVERSE_MAP[current_prio_class], modified_base_rules
+                )
+            )
 
     return ruleslist
 
@@ -80,20 +86,20 @@ def list_with_base_rules(rawrules):
 def make_base_append_rules(kind, modified_base_rules):
     rules = []
 
-    if kind == 'override':
+    if kind == "override":
         rules = BASE_APPEND_OVERRIDE_RULES
-    elif kind == 'underride':
+    elif kind == "underride":
         rules = BASE_APPEND_UNDERRIDE_RULES
-    elif kind == 'content':
+    elif kind == "content":
         rules = BASE_APPEND_CONTENT_RULES
 
     # Copy the rules before modifying them
     rules = copy.deepcopy(rules)
     for r in rules:
         # Only modify the actions, keep the conditions the same.
-        modified = modified_base_rules.get(r['rule_id'])
+        modified = modified_base_rules.get(r["rule_id"])
         if modified:
-            r['actions'] = modified['actions']
+            r["actions"] = modified["actions"]
 
     return rules
 
@@ -101,103 +107,86 @@ def make_base_append_rules(kind, modified_base_rules):
 def make_base_prepend_rules(kind, modified_base_rules):
     rules = []
 
-    if kind == 'override':
+    if kind == "override":
         rules = BASE_PREPEND_OVERRIDE_RULES
 
     # Copy the rules before modifying them
     rules = copy.deepcopy(rules)
     for r in rules:
         # Only modify the actions, keep the conditions the same.
-        modified = modified_base_rules.get(r['rule_id'])
+        modified = modified_base_rules.get(r["rule_id"])
         if modified:
-            r['actions'] = modified['actions']
+            r["actions"] = modified["actions"]
 
     return rules
 
 
 BASE_APPEND_CONTENT_RULES = [
     {
-        'rule_id': 'global/content/.m.rule.contains_user_name',
-        'conditions': [
+        "rule_id": "global/content/.m.rule.contains_user_name",
+        "conditions": [
             {
-                'kind': 'event_match',
-                'key': 'content.body',
-                'pattern_type': 'user_localpart'
+                "kind": "event_match",
+                "key": "content.body",
+                "pattern_type": "user_localpart",
             }
         ],
-        'actions': [
-            'notify',
-            {
-                'set_tweak': 'sound',
-                'value': 'default',
-            }, {
-                'set_tweak': 'highlight'
-            }
-        ]
-    },
+        "actions": [
+            "notify",
+            {"set_tweak": "sound", "value": "default"},
+            {"set_tweak": "highlight"},
+        ],
+    }
 ]
 
 
 BASE_PREPEND_OVERRIDE_RULES = [
     {
-        'rule_id': 'global/override/.m.rule.master',
-        'enabled': False,
-        'conditions': [],
-        'actions': [
-            "dont_notify"
-        ]
+        "rule_id": "global/override/.m.rule.master",
+        "enabled": False,
+        "conditions": [],
+        "actions": ["dont_notify"],
     }
 ]
 
 
 BASE_APPEND_OVERRIDE_RULES = [
     {
-        'rule_id': 'global/override/.m.rule.suppress_notices',
-        'conditions': [
+        "rule_id": "global/override/.m.rule.suppress_notices",
+        "conditions": [
             {
-                'kind': 'event_match',
-                'key': 'content.msgtype',
-                'pattern': 'm.notice',
-                '_id': '_suppress_notices',
+                "kind": "event_match",
+                "key": "content.msgtype",
+                "pattern": "m.notice",
+                "_id": "_suppress_notices",
             }
         ],
-        'actions': [
-            'dont_notify',
-        ]
+        "actions": ["dont_notify"],
     },
     # NB. .m.rule.invite_for_me must be higher prio than .m.rule.member_event
     # otherwise invites will be matched by .m.rule.member_event
     {
-        'rule_id': 'global/override/.m.rule.invite_for_me',
-        'conditions': [
+        "rule_id": "global/override/.m.rule.invite_for_me",
+        "conditions": [
             {
-                'kind': 'event_match',
-                'key': 'type',
-                'pattern': 'm.room.member',
-                '_id': '_member',
+                "kind": "event_match",
+                "key": "type",
+                "pattern": "m.room.member",
+                "_id": "_member",
             },
             {
-                'kind': 'event_match',
-                'key': 'content.membership',
-                'pattern': 'invite',
-                '_id': '_invite_member',
-            },
-            {
-                'kind': 'event_match',
-                'key': 'state_key',
-                'pattern_type': 'user_id'
+                "kind": "event_match",
+                "key": "content.membership",
+                "pattern": "invite",
+                "_id": "_invite_member",
             },
+            {"kind": "event_match", "key": "state_key", "pattern_type": "user_id"},
+        ],
+        "actions": [
+            "notify",
+            {"set_tweak": "sound", "value": "default"},
+            {"set_tweak": "highlight", "value": False},
         ],
-        'actions': [
-            'notify',
-            {
-                'set_tweak': 'sound',
-                'value': 'default'
-            }, {
-                'set_tweak': 'highlight',
-                'value': False
-            }
-        ]
     },
     # Will we sometimes want to know about people joining and leaving?
     # Perhaps: if so, this could be expanded upon. Seems the most usual case
@@ -206,217 +195,164 @@ BASE_APPEND_OVERRIDE_RULES = [
     # join/leave/avatar/displayname events.
     # See also: https://matrix.org/jira/browse/SYN-607
     {
-        'rule_id': 'global/override/.m.rule.member_event',
-        'conditions': [
+        "rule_id": "global/override/.m.rule.member_event",
+        "conditions": [
             {
-                'kind': 'event_match',
-                'key': 'type',
-                'pattern': 'm.room.member',
-                '_id': '_member',
+                "kind": "event_match",
+                "key": "type",
+                "pattern": "m.room.member",
+                "_id": "_member",
             }
         ],
-        'actions': [
-            'dont_notify'
-        ]
+        "actions": ["dont_notify"],
     },
     # This was changed from underride to override so it's closer in priority
     # to the content rules where the user name highlight rule lives. This
     # way a room rule is lower priority than both but a custom override rule
     # is higher priority than both.
     {
-        'rule_id': 'global/override/.m.rule.contains_display_name',
-        'conditions': [
-            {
-                'kind': 'contains_display_name'
-            }
+        "rule_id": "global/override/.m.rule.contains_display_name",
+        "conditions": [{"kind": "contains_display_name"}],
+        "actions": [
+            "notify",
+            {"set_tweak": "sound", "value": "default"},
+            {"set_tweak": "highlight"},
         ],
-        'actions': [
-            'notify',
-            {
-                'set_tweak': 'sound',
-                'value': 'default'
-            }, {
-                'set_tweak': 'highlight'
-            }
-        ]
     },
     {
-        'rule_id': 'global/override/.m.rule.roomnotif',
-        'conditions': [
+        "rule_id": "global/override/.m.rule.roomnotif",
+        "conditions": [
             {
-                'kind': 'event_match',
-                'key': 'content.body',
-                'pattern': '@room',
-                '_id': '_roomnotif_content',
+                "kind": "event_match",
+                "key": "content.body",
+                "pattern": "@room",
+                "_id": "_roomnotif_content",
             },
             {
-                'kind': 'sender_notification_permission',
-                'key': 'room',
-                '_id': '_roomnotif_pl',
+                "kind": "sender_notification_permission",
+                "key": "room",
+                "_id": "_roomnotif_pl",
             },
         ],
-        'actions': [
-            'notify', {
-                'set_tweak': 'highlight',
-                'value': True,
-            }
-        ]
+        "actions": ["notify", {"set_tweak": "highlight", "value": True}],
     },
     {
-        'rule_id': 'global/override/.m.rule.tombstone',
-        'conditions': [
+        "rule_id": "global/override/.m.rule.tombstone",
+        "conditions": [
             {
-                'kind': 'event_match',
-                'key': 'type',
-                'pattern': 'm.room.tombstone',
-                '_id': '_tombstone',
+                "kind": "event_match",
+                "key": "type",
+                "pattern": "m.room.tombstone",
+                "_id": "_tombstone",
             }
         ],
-        'actions': [
-            'notify', {
-                'set_tweak': 'highlight',
-                'value': True,
-            }
-        ]
-    }
+        "actions": ["notify", {"set_tweak": "highlight", "value": True}],
+    },
 ]
 
 
 BASE_APPEND_UNDERRIDE_RULES = [
     {
-        'rule_id': 'global/underride/.m.rule.call',
-        'conditions': [
+        "rule_id": "global/underride/.m.rule.call",
+        "conditions": [
             {
-                'kind': 'event_match',
-                'key': 'type',
-                'pattern': 'm.call.invite',
-                '_id': '_call',
+                "kind": "event_match",
+                "key": "type",
+                "pattern": "m.call.invite",
+                "_id": "_call",
             }
         ],
-        'actions': [
-            'notify',
-            {
-                'set_tweak': 'sound',
-                'value': 'ring'
-            }, {
-                'set_tweak': 'highlight',
-                'value': False
-            }
-        ]
+        "actions": [
+            "notify",
+            {"set_tweak": "sound", "value": "ring"},
+            {"set_tweak": "highlight", "value": False},
+        ],
     },
     # XXX: once m.direct is standardised everywhere, we should use it to detect
     # a DM from the user's perspective rather than this heuristic.
     {
-        'rule_id': 'global/underride/.m.rule.room_one_to_one',
-        'conditions': [
+        "rule_id": "global/underride/.m.rule.room_one_to_one",
+        "conditions": [
+            {"kind": "room_member_count", "is": "2", "_id": "member_count"},
             {
-                'kind': 'room_member_count',
-                'is': '2',
-                '_id': 'member_count',
+                "kind": "event_match",
+                "key": "type",
+                "pattern": "m.room.message",
+                "_id": "_message",
             },
-            {
-                'kind': 'event_match',
-                'key': 'type',
-                'pattern': 'm.room.message',
-                '_id': '_message',
-            }
         ],
-        'actions': [
-            'notify',
-            {
-                'set_tweak': 'sound',
-                'value': 'default'
-            }, {
-                'set_tweak': 'highlight',
-                'value': False
-            }
-        ]
+        "actions": [
+            "notify",
+            {"set_tweak": "sound", "value": "default"},
+            {"set_tweak": "highlight", "value": False},
+        ],
     },
     # XXX: this is going to fire for events which aren't m.room.messages
     # but are encrypted (e.g. m.call.*)...
     {
-        'rule_id': 'global/underride/.m.rule.encrypted_room_one_to_one',
-        'conditions': [
+        "rule_id": "global/underride/.m.rule.encrypted_room_one_to_one",
+        "conditions": [
+            {"kind": "room_member_count", "is": "2", "_id": "member_count"},
             {
-                'kind': 'room_member_count',
-                'is': '2',
-                '_id': 'member_count',
+                "kind": "event_match",
+                "key": "type",
+                "pattern": "m.room.encrypted",
+                "_id": "_encrypted",
             },
-            {
-                'kind': 'event_match',
-                'key': 'type',
-                'pattern': 'm.room.encrypted',
-                '_id': '_encrypted',
-            }
         ],
-        'actions': [
-            'notify',
-            {
-                'set_tweak': 'sound',
-                'value': 'default'
-            }, {
-                'set_tweak': 'highlight',
-                'value': False
-            }
-        ]
+        "actions": [
+            "notify",
+            {"set_tweak": "sound", "value": "default"},
+            {"set_tweak": "highlight", "value": False},
+        ],
     },
     {
-        'rule_id': 'global/underride/.m.rule.message',
-        'conditions': [
+        "rule_id": "global/underride/.m.rule.message",
+        "conditions": [
             {
-                'kind': 'event_match',
-                'key': 'type',
-                'pattern': 'm.room.message',
-                '_id': '_message',
+                "kind": "event_match",
+                "key": "type",
+                "pattern": "m.room.message",
+                "_id": "_message",
             }
         ],
-        'actions': [
-            'notify', {
-                'set_tweak': 'highlight',
-                'value': False
-            }
-        ]
+        "actions": ["notify", {"set_tweak": "highlight", "value": False}],
     },
     # XXX: this is going to fire for events which aren't m.room.messages
     # but are encrypted (e.g. m.call.*)...
     {
-        'rule_id': 'global/underride/.m.rule.encrypted',
-        'conditions': [
+        "rule_id": "global/underride/.m.rule.encrypted",
+        "conditions": [
             {
-                'kind': 'event_match',
-                'key': 'type',
-                'pattern': 'm.room.encrypted',
-                '_id': '_encrypted',
+                "kind": "event_match",
+                "key": "type",
+                "pattern": "m.room.encrypted",
+                "_id": "_encrypted",
             }
         ],
-        'actions': [
-            'notify', {
-                'set_tweak': 'highlight',
-                'value': False
-            }
-        ]
-    }
+        "actions": ["notify", {"set_tweak": "highlight", "value": False}],
+    },
 ]
 
 
 BASE_RULE_IDS = set()
 
 for r in BASE_APPEND_CONTENT_RULES:
-    r['priority_class'] = PRIORITY_CLASS_MAP['content']
-    r['default'] = True
-    BASE_RULE_IDS.add(r['rule_id'])
+    r["priority_class"] = PRIORITY_CLASS_MAP["content"]
+    r["default"] = True
+    BASE_RULE_IDS.add(r["rule_id"])
 
 for r in BASE_PREPEND_OVERRIDE_RULES:
-    r['priority_class'] = PRIORITY_CLASS_MAP['override']
-    r['default'] = True
-    BASE_RULE_IDS.add(r['rule_id'])
+    r["priority_class"] = PRIORITY_CLASS_MAP["override"]
+    r["default"] = True
+    BASE_RULE_IDS.add(r["rule_id"])
 
 for r in BASE_APPEND_OVERRIDE_RULES:
-    r['priority_class'] = PRIORITY_CLASS_MAP['override']
-    r['default'] = True
-    BASE_RULE_IDS.add(r['rule_id'])
+    r["priority_class"] = PRIORITY_CLASS_MAP["override"]
+    r["default"] = True
+    BASE_RULE_IDS.add(r["rule_id"])
 
 for r in BASE_APPEND_UNDERRIDE_RULES:
-    r['priority_class'] = PRIORITY_CLASS_MAP['underride']
-    r['default'] = True
-    BASE_RULE_IDS.add(r['rule_id'])
+    r["priority_class"] = PRIORITY_CLASS_MAP["underride"]
+    r["default"] = True
+    BASE_RULE_IDS.add(r["rule_id"])
diff --git a/synapse/push/bulk_push_rule_evaluator.py b/synapse/push/bulk_push_rule_evaluator.py
index 8f9a76147f..c8a5b381da 100644
--- a/synapse/push/bulk_push_rule_evaluator.py
+++ b/synapse/push/bulk_push_rule_evaluator.py
@@ -39,9 +39,11 @@ rules_by_room = {}
 
 
 push_rules_invalidation_counter = Counter(
-    "synapse_push_bulk_push_rule_evaluator_push_rules_invalidation_counter", "")
+    "synapse_push_bulk_push_rule_evaluator_push_rules_invalidation_counter", ""
+)
 push_rules_state_size_counter = Counter(
-    "synapse_push_bulk_push_rule_evaluator_push_rules_state_size_counter", "")
+    "synapse_push_bulk_push_rule_evaluator_push_rules_state_size_counter", ""
+)
 
 # Measures whether we use the fast path of using state deltas, or if we have to
 # recalculate from scratch
@@ -83,7 +85,7 @@ class BulkPushRuleEvaluator(object):
 
         # if this event is an invite event, we may need to run rules for the user
         # who's been invited, otherwise they won't get told they've been invited
-        if event.type == 'm.room.member' and event.content['membership'] == 'invite':
+        if event.type == "m.room.member" and event.content["membership"] == "invite":
             invited = event.state_key
             if invited and self.hs.is_mine_id(invited):
                 has_pusher = yield self.store.user_has_pusher(invited)
@@ -106,7 +108,9 @@ class BulkPushRuleEvaluator(object):
         # before any lookup methods get called on it as otherwise there may be
         # a race if invalidate_all gets called (which assumes its in the cache)
         return RulesForRoom(
-            self.hs, room_id, self._get_rules_for_room.cache,
+            self.hs,
+            room_id,
+            self._get_rules_for_room.cache,
             self.room_push_rule_cache_metrics,
         )
 
@@ -121,12 +125,10 @@ class BulkPushRuleEvaluator(object):
             auth_events = {POWER_KEY: pl_event}
         else:
             auth_events_ids = yield self.auth.compute_auth_events(
-                event, prev_state_ids, for_verification=False,
+                event, prev_state_ids, for_verification=False
             )
             auth_events = yield self.store.get_events(auth_events_ids)
-            auth_events = {
-                (e.type, e.state_key): e for e in itervalues(auth_events)
-            }
+            auth_events = {(e.type, e.state_key): e for e in itervalues(auth_events)}
 
         sender_level = get_user_power_level(event.sender, auth_events)
 
@@ -145,16 +147,14 @@ class BulkPushRuleEvaluator(object):
         rules_by_user = yield self._get_rules_for_event(event, context)
         actions_by_user = {}
 
-        room_members = yield self.store.get_joined_users_from_context(
-            event, context
-        )
+        room_members = yield self.store.get_joined_users_from_context(event, context)
 
         (power_levels, sender_power_level) = (
             yield self._get_power_levels_and_sender_level(event, context)
         )
 
         evaluator = PushRuleEvaluatorForEvent(
-            event, len(room_members), sender_power_level, power_levels,
+            event, len(room_members), sender_power_level, power_levels
         )
 
         condition_cache = {}
@@ -180,15 +180,15 @@ class BulkPushRuleEvaluator(object):
                     display_name = event.content.get("displayname", None)
 
             for rule in rules:
-                if 'enabled' in rule and not rule['enabled']:
+                if "enabled" in rule and not rule["enabled"]:
                     continue
 
                 matches = _condition_checker(
-                    evaluator, rule['conditions'], uid, display_name, condition_cache
+                    evaluator, rule["conditions"], uid, display_name, condition_cache
                 )
                 if matches:
-                    actions = [x for x in rule['actions'] if x != 'dont_notify']
-                    if actions and 'notify' in actions:
+                    actions = [x for x in rule["actions"] if x != "dont_notify"]
+                    if actions and "notify" in actions:
                         # Push rules say we should notify the user of this event
                         actions_by_user[uid] = actions
                     break
@@ -196,9 +196,7 @@ class BulkPushRuleEvaluator(object):
         # Mark in the DB staging area the push actions for users who should be
         # notified for this event. (This will then get handled when we persist
         # the event)
-        yield self.store.add_push_actions_to_staging(
-            event.event_id, actions_by_user,
-        )
+        yield self.store.add_push_actions_to_staging(event.event_id, actions_by_user)
 
 
 def _condition_checker(evaluator, conditions, uid, display_name, cache):
@@ -361,19 +359,19 @@ class RulesForRoom(object):
                     self.sequence,
                     members={},  # There were no membership changes
                     rules_by_user=ret_rules_by_user,
-                    state_group=state_group
+                    state_group=state_group,
                 )
 
         if logger.isEnabledFor(logging.DEBUG):
             logger.debug(
-                "Returning push rules for %r %r",
-                self.room_id, ret_rules_by_user.keys(),
+                "Returning push rules for %r %r", self.room_id, ret_rules_by_user.keys()
             )
         defer.returnValue(ret_rules_by_user)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _update_rules_with_member_event_ids(self, ret_rules_by_user, member_event_ids,
-                                            state_group, event):
+    def _update_rules_with_member_event_ids(
+        self, ret_rules_by_user, member_event_ids, state_group, event
+    ):
         """Update the partially filled rules_by_user dict by fetching rules for
         any newly joined users in the `member_event_ids` list.
 
@@ -391,16 +389,13 @@ class RulesForRoom(object):
             table="room_memberships",
             column="event_id",
             iterable=member_event_ids.values(),
-            retcols=('user_id', 'membership', 'event_id'),
+            retcols=("user_id", "membership", "event_id"),
             keyvalues={},
             batch_size=500,
             desc="_get_rules_for_member_event_ids",
         )
 
-        members = {
-            row["event_id"]: (row["user_id"], row["membership"])
-            for row in rows
-        }
+        members = {row["event_id"]: (row["user_id"], row["membership"]) for row in rows}
 
         # If the event is a join event then it will be in current state evnts
         # map but not in the DB, so we have to explicitly insert it.
@@ -413,15 +408,15 @@ class RulesForRoom(object):
             logger.debug("Found members %r: %r", self.room_id, members.values())
 
         interested_in_user_ids = set(
-            user_id for user_id, membership in itervalues(members)
+            user_id
+            for user_id, membership in itervalues(members)
             if membership == Membership.JOIN
         )
 
         logger.debug("Joined: %r", interested_in_user_ids)
 
         if_users_with_pushers = yield self.store.get_if_users_have_pushers(
-            interested_in_user_ids,
-            on_invalidate=self.invalidate_all_cb,
+            interested_in_user_ids, on_invalidate=self.invalidate_all_cb
         )
 
         user_ids = set(
@@ -431,7 +426,7 @@ class RulesForRoom(object):
         logger.debug("With pushers: %r", user_ids)
 
         users_with_receipts = yield self.store.get_users_with_read_receipts_in_room(
-            self.room_id, on_invalidate=self.invalidate_all_cb,
+            self.room_id, on_invalidate=self.invalidate_all_cb
         )
 
         logger.debug("With receipts: %r", users_with_receipts)
@@ -442,7 +437,7 @@ class RulesForRoom(object):
                 user_ids.add(uid)
 
         rules_by_user = yield self.store.bulk_get_push_rules(
-            user_ids, on_invalidate=self.invalidate_all_cb,
+            user_ids, on_invalidate=self.invalidate_all_cb
         )
 
         ret_rules_by_user.update(
diff --git a/synapse/push/clientformat.py b/synapse/push/clientformat.py
index 8bd96b1178..a59b639f15 100644
--- a/synapse/push/clientformat.py
+++ b/synapse/push/clientformat.py
@@ -25,14 +25,14 @@ def format_push_rules_for_user(user, ruleslist):
     # We're going to be mutating this a lot, so do a deep copy
     ruleslist = copy.deepcopy(ruleslist)
 
-    rules = {'global': {}, 'device': {}}
+    rules = {"global": {}, "device": {}}
 
-    rules['global'] = _add_empty_priority_class_arrays(rules['global'])
+    rules["global"] = _add_empty_priority_class_arrays(rules["global"])
 
     for r in ruleslist:
         rulearray = None
 
-        template_name = _priority_class_to_template_name(r['priority_class'])
+        template_name = _priority_class_to_template_name(r["priority_class"])
 
         # Remove internal stuff.
         for c in r["conditions"]:
@@ -44,14 +44,14 @@ def format_push_rules_for_user(user, ruleslist):
             elif pattern_type == "user_localpart":
                 c["pattern"] = user.localpart
 
-        rulearray = rules['global'][template_name]
+        rulearray = rules["global"][template_name]
 
         template_rule = _rule_to_template(r)
         if template_rule:
-            if 'enabled' in r:
-                template_rule['enabled'] = r['enabled']
+            if "enabled" in r:
+                template_rule["enabled"] = r["enabled"]
             else:
-                template_rule['enabled'] = True
+                template_rule["enabled"] = True
             rulearray.append(template_rule)
 
     return rules
@@ -65,33 +65,33 @@ def _add_empty_priority_class_arrays(d):
 
 def _rule_to_template(rule):
     unscoped_rule_id = None
-    if 'rule_id' in rule:
-        unscoped_rule_id = _rule_id_from_namespaced(rule['rule_id'])
+    if "rule_id" in rule:
+        unscoped_rule_id = _rule_id_from_namespaced(rule["rule_id"])
 
-    template_name = _priority_class_to_template_name(rule['priority_class'])
-    if template_name in ['override', 'underride']:
+    template_name = _priority_class_to_template_name(rule["priority_class"])
+    if template_name in ["override", "underride"]:
         templaterule = {k: rule[k] for k in ["conditions", "actions"]}
     elif template_name in ["sender", "room"]:
-        templaterule = {'actions': rule['actions']}
-        unscoped_rule_id = rule['conditions'][0]['pattern']
-    elif template_name == 'content':
+        templaterule = {"actions": rule["actions"]}
+        unscoped_rule_id = rule["conditions"][0]["pattern"]
+    elif template_name == "content":
         if len(rule["conditions"]) != 1:
             return None
         thecond = rule["conditions"][0]
         if "pattern" not in thecond:
             return None
-        templaterule = {'actions': rule['actions']}
+        templaterule = {"actions": rule["actions"]}
         templaterule["pattern"] = thecond["pattern"]
 
     if unscoped_rule_id:
-        templaterule['rule_id'] = unscoped_rule_id
-    if 'default' in rule:
-        templaterule['default'] = rule['default']
+        templaterule["rule_id"] = unscoped_rule_id
+    if "default" in rule:
+        templaterule["default"] = rule["default"]
     return templaterule
 
 
 def _rule_id_from_namespaced(in_rule_id):
-    return in_rule_id.split('/')[-1]
+    return in_rule_id.split("/")[-1]
 
 
 def _priority_class_to_template_name(pc):
diff --git a/synapse/push/emailpusher.py b/synapse/push/emailpusher.py
index c89a8438a9..424ffa8b68 100644
--- a/synapse/push/emailpusher.py
+++ b/synapse/push/emailpusher.py
@@ -32,13 +32,13 @@ DELAY_BEFORE_MAIL_MS = 10 * 60 * 1000
 THROTTLE_START_MS = 10 * 60 * 1000
 THROTTLE_MAX_MS = 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000  # 24h
 # THROTTLE_MULTIPLIER = 6              # 10 mins, 1 hour, 6 hours, 24 hours
-THROTTLE_MULTIPLIER = 144              # 10 mins, 24 hours - i.e. jump straight to 1 day
+THROTTLE_MULTIPLIER = 144  # 10 mins, 24 hours - i.e. jump straight to 1 day
 
 # If no event triggers a notification for this long after the previous,
 # the throttle is released.
 # 12 hours - a gap of 12 hours in conversation is surely enough to merit a new
 # notification when things get going again...
-THROTTLE_RESET_AFTER_MS = (12 * 60 * 60 * 1000)
+THROTTLE_RESET_AFTER_MS = 12 * 60 * 60 * 1000
 
 # does each email include all unread notifs, or just the ones which have happened
 # since the last mail?
@@ -53,17 +53,18 @@ class EmailPusher(object):
     This shares quite a bit of code with httpusher: it would be good to
     factor out the common parts
     """
+
     def __init__(self, hs, pusherdict, mailer):
         self.hs = hs
         self.mailer = mailer
 
         self.store = self.hs.get_datastore()
         self.clock = self.hs.get_clock()
-        self.pusher_id = pusherdict['id']
-        self.user_id = pusherdict['user_name']
-        self.app_id = pusherdict['app_id']
-        self.email = pusherdict['pushkey']
-        self.last_stream_ordering = pusherdict['last_stream_ordering']
+        self.pusher_id = pusherdict["id"]
+        self.user_id = pusherdict["user_name"]
+        self.app_id = pusherdict["app_id"]
+        self.email = pusherdict["pushkey"]
+        self.last_stream_ordering = pusherdict["last_stream_ordering"]
         self.timed_call = None
         self.throttle_params = None
 
@@ -93,7 +94,9 @@ class EmailPusher(object):
 
     def on_new_notifications(self, min_stream_ordering, max_stream_ordering):
         if self.max_stream_ordering:
-            self.max_stream_ordering = max(max_stream_ordering, self.max_stream_ordering)
+            self.max_stream_ordering = max(
+                max_stream_ordering, self.max_stream_ordering
+            )
         else:
             self.max_stream_ordering = max_stream_ordering
         self._start_processing()
@@ -174,14 +177,12 @@ class EmailPusher(object):
             return
 
         for push_action in unprocessed:
-            received_at = push_action['received_ts']
+            received_at = push_action["received_ts"]
             if received_at is None:
                 received_at = 0
             notif_ready_at = received_at + DELAY_BEFORE_MAIL_MS
 
-            room_ready_at = self.room_ready_to_notify_at(
-                push_action['room_id']
-            )
+            room_ready_at = self.room_ready_to_notify_at(push_action["room_id"])
 
             should_notify_at = max(notif_ready_at, room_ready_at)
 
@@ -192,25 +193,23 @@ class EmailPusher(object):
                 # to be delivered.
 
                 reason = {
-                    'room_id': push_action['room_id'],
-                    'now': self.clock.time_msec(),
-                    'received_at': received_at,
-                    'delay_before_mail_ms': DELAY_BEFORE_MAIL_MS,
-                    'last_sent_ts': self.get_room_last_sent_ts(push_action['room_id']),
-                    'throttle_ms': self.get_room_throttle_ms(push_action['room_id']),
+                    "room_id": push_action["room_id"],
+                    "now": self.clock.time_msec(),
+                    "received_at": received_at,
+                    "delay_before_mail_ms": DELAY_BEFORE_MAIL_MS,
+                    "last_sent_ts": self.get_room_last_sent_ts(push_action["room_id"]),
+                    "throttle_ms": self.get_room_throttle_ms(push_action["room_id"]),
                 }
 
                 yield self.send_notification(unprocessed, reason)
 
-                yield self.save_last_stream_ordering_and_success(max([
-                    ea['stream_ordering'] for ea in unprocessed
-                ]))
+                yield self.save_last_stream_ordering_and_success(
+                    max([ea["stream_ordering"] for ea in unprocessed])
+                )
 
                 # we update the throttle on all the possible unprocessed push actions
                 for ea in unprocessed:
-                    yield self.sent_notif_update_throttle(
-                        ea['room_id'], ea
-                    )
+                    yield self.sent_notif_update_throttle(ea["room_id"], ea)
                 break
             else:
                 if soonest_due_at is None or should_notify_at < soonest_due_at:
@@ -236,8 +235,11 @@ class EmailPusher(object):
 
         self.last_stream_ordering = last_stream_ordering
         yield self.store.update_pusher_last_stream_ordering_and_success(
-            self.app_id, self.email, self.user_id,
-            last_stream_ordering, self.clock.time_msec()
+            self.app_id,
+            self.email,
+            self.user_id,
+            last_stream_ordering,
+            self.clock.time_msec(),
         )
 
     def seconds_until(self, ts_msec):
@@ -276,10 +278,10 @@ class EmailPusher(object):
         # THROTTLE_RESET_AFTER_MS after the previous one that triggered a
         # notif, we release the throttle. Otherwise, the throttle is increased.
         time_of_previous_notifs = yield self.store.get_time_of_last_push_action_before(
-            notified_push_action['stream_ordering']
+            notified_push_action["stream_ordering"]
         )
 
-        time_of_this_notifs = notified_push_action['received_ts']
+        time_of_this_notifs = notified_push_action["received_ts"]
 
         if time_of_previous_notifs is not None and time_of_this_notifs is not None:
             gap = time_of_this_notifs - time_of_previous_notifs
@@ -298,12 +300,11 @@ class EmailPusher(object):
                 new_throttle_ms = THROTTLE_START_MS
             else:
                 new_throttle_ms = min(
-                    current_throttle_ms * THROTTLE_MULTIPLIER,
-                    THROTTLE_MAX_MS
+                    current_throttle_ms * THROTTLE_MULTIPLIER, THROTTLE_MAX_MS
                 )
         self.throttle_params[room_id] = {
             "last_sent_ts": self.clock.time_msec(),
-            "throttle_ms": new_throttle_ms
+            "throttle_ms": new_throttle_ms,
         }
         yield self.store.set_throttle_params(
             self.pusher_id, room_id, self.throttle_params[room_id]
diff --git a/synapse/push/httppusher.py b/synapse/push/httppusher.py
index a21b164266..6ae4415860 100644
--- a/synapse/push/httppusher.py
+++ b/synapse/push/httppusher.py
@@ -65,16 +65,16 @@ class HttpPusher(object):
         self.store = self.hs.get_datastore()
         self.clock = self.hs.get_clock()
         self.state_handler = self.hs.get_state_handler()
-        self.user_id = pusherdict['user_name']
-        self.app_id = pusherdict['app_id']
-        self.app_display_name = pusherdict['app_display_name']
-        self.device_display_name = pusherdict['device_display_name']
-        self.pushkey = pusherdict['pushkey']
-        self.pushkey_ts = pusherdict['ts']
-        self.data = pusherdict['data']
-        self.last_stream_ordering = pusherdict['last_stream_ordering']
+        self.user_id = pusherdict["user_name"]
+        self.app_id = pusherdict["app_id"]
+        self.app_display_name = pusherdict["app_display_name"]
+        self.device_display_name = pusherdict["device_display_name"]
+        self.pushkey = pusherdict["pushkey"]
+        self.pushkey_ts = pusherdict["ts"]
+        self.data = pusherdict["data"]
+        self.last_stream_ordering = pusherdict["last_stream_ordering"]
         self.backoff_delay = HttpPusher.INITIAL_BACKOFF_SEC
-        self.failing_since = pusherdict['failing_since']
+        self.failing_since = pusherdict["failing_since"]
         self.timed_call = None
         self._is_processing = False
 
@@ -85,32 +85,26 @@ class HttpPusher(object):
         # off as None though as we don't know any better.
         self.max_stream_ordering = None
 
-        if 'data' not in pusherdict:
-            raise PusherConfigException(
-                "No 'data' key for HTTP pusher"
-            )
-        self.data = pusherdict['data']
+        if "data" not in pusherdict:
+            raise PusherConfigException("No 'data' key for HTTP pusher")
+        self.data = pusherdict["data"]
 
         self.name = "%s/%s/%s" % (
-            pusherdict['user_name'],
-            pusherdict['app_id'],
-            pusherdict['pushkey'],
+            pusherdict["user_name"],
+            pusherdict["app_id"],
+            pusherdict["pushkey"],
         )
 
         if self.data is None:
-            raise PusherConfigException(
-                "data can not be null for HTTP pusher"
-            )
+            raise PusherConfigException("data can not be null for HTTP pusher")
 
-        if 'url' not in self.data:
-            raise PusherConfigException(
-                "'url' required in data for HTTP pusher"
-            )
-        self.url = self.data['url']
+        if "url" not in self.data:
+            raise PusherConfigException("'url' required in data for HTTP pusher")
+        self.url = self.data["url"]
         self.http_client = hs.get_proxied_http_client()
         self.data_minus_url = {}
         self.data_minus_url.update(self.data)
-        del self.data_minus_url['url']
+        del self.data_minus_url["url"]
 
     def on_started(self, should_check_for_notifs):
         """Called when this pusher has been started.
@@ -124,7 +118,9 @@ class HttpPusher(object):
             self._start_processing()
 
     def on_new_notifications(self, min_stream_ordering, max_stream_ordering):
-        self.max_stream_ordering = max(max_stream_ordering, self.max_stream_ordering or 0)
+        self.max_stream_ordering = max(
+            max_stream_ordering, self.max_stream_ordering or 0
+        )
         self._start_processing()
 
     def on_new_receipts(self, min_stream_id, max_stream_id):
@@ -192,7 +188,9 @@ class HttpPusher(object):
         logger.info(
             "Processing %i unprocessed push actions for %s starting at "
             "stream_ordering %s",
-            len(unprocessed), self.name, self.last_stream_ordering,
+            len(unprocessed),
+            self.name,
+            self.last_stream_ordering,
         )
 
         for push_action in unprocessed:
@@ -200,71 +198,72 @@ class HttpPusher(object):
             if processed:
                 http_push_processed_counter.inc()
                 self.backoff_delay = HttpPusher.INITIAL_BACKOFF_SEC
-                self.last_stream_ordering = push_action['stream_ordering']
+                self.last_stream_ordering = push_action["stream_ordering"]
                 yield self.store.update_pusher_last_stream_ordering_and_success(
-                    self.app_id, self.pushkey, self.user_id,
+                    self.app_id,
+                    self.pushkey,
+                    self.user_id,
                     self.last_stream_ordering,
-                    self.clock.time_msec()
+                    self.clock.time_msec(),
                 )
                 if self.failing_since:
                     self.failing_since = None
                     yield self.store.update_pusher_failing_since(
-                        self.app_id, self.pushkey, self.user_id,
-                        self.failing_since
+                        self.app_id, self.pushkey, self.user_id, self.failing_since
                     )
             else:
                 http_push_failed_counter.inc()
                 if not self.failing_since:
                     self.failing_since = self.clock.time_msec()
                     yield self.store.update_pusher_failing_since(
-                        self.app_id, self.pushkey, self.user_id,
-                        self.failing_since
+                        self.app_id, self.pushkey, self.user_id, self.failing_since
                     )
 
                 if (
-                    self.failing_since and
-                    self.failing_since <
-                    self.clock.time_msec() - HttpPusher.GIVE_UP_AFTER_MS
+                    self.failing_since
+                    and self.failing_since
+                    < self.clock.time_msec() - HttpPusher.GIVE_UP_AFTER_MS
                 ):
                     # we really only give up so that if the URL gets
                     # fixed, we don't suddenly deliver a load
                     # of old notifications.
-                    logger.warn("Giving up on a notification to user %s, "
-                                "pushkey %s",
-                                self.user_id, self.pushkey)
+                    logger.warn(
+                        "Giving up on a notification to user %s, " "pushkey %s",
+                        self.user_id,
+                        self.pushkey,
+                    )
                     self.backoff_delay = HttpPusher.INITIAL_BACKOFF_SEC
-                    self.last_stream_ordering = push_action['stream_ordering']
+                    self.last_stream_ordering = push_action["stream_ordering"]
                     yield self.store.update_pusher_last_stream_ordering(
                         self.app_id,
                         self.pushkey,
                         self.user_id,
-                        self.last_stream_ordering
+                        self.last_stream_ordering,
                     )
 
                     self.failing_since = None
                     yield self.store.update_pusher_failing_since(
-                        self.app_id,
-                        self.pushkey,
-                        self.user_id,
-                        self.failing_since
+                        self.app_id, self.pushkey, self.user_id, self.failing_since
                     )
                 else:
                     logger.info("Push failed: delaying for %ds", self.backoff_delay)
                     self.timed_call = self.hs.get_reactor().callLater(
                         self.backoff_delay, self.on_timer
                     )
-                    self.backoff_delay = min(self.backoff_delay * 2, self.MAX_BACKOFF_SEC)
+                    self.backoff_delay = min(
+                        self.backoff_delay * 2, self.MAX_BACKOFF_SEC
+                    )
                     break
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _process_one(self, push_action):
-        if 'notify' not in push_action['actions']:
+        if "notify" not in push_action["actions"]:
             defer.returnValue(True)
 
-        tweaks = push_rule_evaluator.tweaks_for_actions(push_action['actions'])
+        tweaks = push_rule_evaluator.tweaks_for_actions(push_action["actions"])
         badge = yield push_tools.get_badge_count(self.hs.get_datastore(), self.user_id)
 
-        event = yield self.store.get_event(push_action['event_id'], allow_none=True)
+        event = yield self.store.get_event(push_action["event_id"], allow_none=True)
         if event is None:
             defer.returnValue(True)  # It's been redacted
         rejected = yield self.dispatch_push(event, tweaks, badge)
@@ -277,37 +276,30 @@ class HttpPusher(object):
                     # for sanity, we only remove the pushkey if it
                     # was the one we actually sent...
                     logger.warn(
-                        ("Ignoring rejected pushkey %s because we"
-                         " didn't send it"), pk
+                        ("Ignoring rejected pushkey %s because we" " didn't send it"),
+                        pk,
                     )
                 else:
-                    logger.info(
-                        "Pushkey %s was rejected: removing",
-                        pk
-                    )
-                    yield self.hs.remove_pusher(
-                        self.app_id, pk, self.user_id
-                    )
+                    logger.info("Pushkey %s was rejected: removing", pk)
+                    yield self.hs.remove_pusher(self.app_id, pk, self.user_id)
         defer.returnValue(True)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _build_notification_dict(self, event, tweaks, badge):
-        if self.data.get('format') == 'event_id_only':
+        if self.data.get("format") == "event_id_only":
             d = {
-                'notification': {
-                    'event_id': event.event_id,
-                    'room_id': event.room_id,
-                    'counts': {
-                        'unread': badge,
-                    },
-                    'devices': [
+                "notification": {
+                    "event_id": event.event_id,
+                    "room_id": event.room_id,
+                    "counts": {"unread": badge},
+                    "devices": [
                         {
-                            'app_id': self.app_id,
-                            'pushkey': self.pushkey,
-                            'pushkey_ts': long(self.pushkey_ts / 1000),
-                            'data': self.data_minus_url,
+                            "app_id": self.app_id,
+                            "pushkey": self.pushkey,
+                            "pushkey_ts": long(self.pushkey_ts / 1000),
+                            "data": self.data_minus_url,
                         }
-                    ]
+                    ],
                 }
             }
             defer.returnValue(d)
@@ -317,41 +309,41 @@ class HttpPusher(object):
         )
 
         d = {
-            'notification': {
-                'id': event.event_id,  # deprecated: remove soon
-                'event_id': event.event_id,
-                'room_id': event.room_id,
-                'type': event.type,
-                'sender': event.user_id,
-                'counts': {  # -- we don't mark messages as read yet so
-                             # we have no way of knowing
+            "notification": {
+                "id": event.event_id,  # deprecated: remove soon
+                "event_id": event.event_id,
+                "room_id": event.room_id,
+                "type": event.type,
+                "sender": event.user_id,
+                "counts": {  # -- we don't mark messages as read yet so
+                    # we have no way of knowing
                     # Just set the badge to 1 until we have read receipts
-                    'unread': badge,
+                    "unread": badge,
                     # 'missed_calls': 2
                 },
-                'devices': [
+                "devices": [
                     {
-                        'app_id': self.app_id,
-                        'pushkey': self.pushkey,
-                        'pushkey_ts': long(self.pushkey_ts / 1000),
-                        'data': self.data_minus_url,
-                        'tweaks': tweaks
+                        "app_id": self.app_id,
+                        "pushkey": self.pushkey,
+                        "pushkey_ts": long(self.pushkey_ts / 1000),
+                        "data": self.data_minus_url,
+                        "tweaks": tweaks,
                     }
-                ]
+                ],
             }
         }
-        if event.type == 'm.room.member' and event.is_state():
-            d['notification']['membership'] = event.content['membership']
-            d['notification']['user_is_target'] = event.state_key == self.user_id
+        if event.type == "m.room.member" and event.is_state():
+            d["notification"]["membership"] = event.content["membership"]
+            d["notification"]["user_is_target"] = event.state_key == self.user_id
         if self.hs.config.push_include_content and event.content:
-            d['notification']['content'] = event.content
+            d["notification"]["content"] = event.content
 
         # We no longer send aliases separately, instead, we send the human
         # readable name of the room, which may be an alias.
-        if 'sender_display_name' in ctx and len(ctx['sender_display_name']) > 0:
-            d['notification']['sender_display_name'] = ctx['sender_display_name']
-        if 'name' in ctx and len(ctx['name']) > 0:
-            d['notification']['room_name'] = ctx['name']
+        if "sender_display_name" in ctx and len(ctx["sender_display_name"]) > 0:
+            d["notification"]["sender_display_name"] = ctx["sender_display_name"]
+        if "name" in ctx and len(ctx["name"]) > 0:
+            d["notification"]["room_name"] = ctx["name"]
 
         defer.returnValue(d)
 
@@ -361,16 +353,21 @@ class HttpPusher(object):
         if not notification_dict:
             defer.returnValue([])
         try:
-            resp = yield self.http_client.post_json_get_json(self.url, notification_dict)
+            resp = yield self.http_client.post_json_get_json(
+                self.url, notification_dict
+            )
         except Exception as e:
             logger.warning(
                 "Failed to push event %s to %s: %s %s",
-                event.event_id, self.name, type(e), e,
+                event.event_id,
+                self.name,
+                type(e),
+                e,
             )
             defer.returnValue(False)
         rejected = []
-        if 'rejected' in resp:
-            rejected = resp['rejected']
+        if "rejected" in resp:
+            rejected = resp["rejected"]
         defer.returnValue(rejected)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -381,21 +378,19 @@ class HttpPusher(object):
         """
         logger.info("Sending updated badge count %d to %s", badge, self.name)
         d = {
-            'notification': {
-                'id': '',
-                'type': None,
-                'sender': '',
-                'counts': {
-                    'unread': badge
-                },
-                'devices': [
+            "notification": {
+                "id": "",
+                "type": None,
+                "sender": "",
+                "counts": {"unread": badge},
+                "devices": [
                     {
-                        'app_id': self.app_id,
-                        'pushkey': self.pushkey,
-                        'pushkey_ts': long(self.pushkey_ts / 1000),
-                        'data': self.data_minus_url,
+                        "app_id": self.app_id,
+                        "pushkey": self.pushkey,
+                        "pushkey_ts": long(self.pushkey_ts / 1000),
+                        "data": self.data_minus_url,
                     }
-                ]
+                ],
             }
         }
         try:
@@ -403,7 +398,6 @@ class HttpPusher(object):
             http_badges_processed_counter.inc()
         except Exception as e:
             logger.warning(
-                "Failed to send badge count to %s: %s %s",
-                self.name, type(e), e,
+                "Failed to send badge count to %s: %s %s", self.name, type(e), e
             )
             http_badges_failed_counter.inc()
diff --git a/synapse/push/mailer.py b/synapse/push/mailer.py
index 099f9545ab..a5c9959a46 100644
--- a/synapse/push/mailer.py
+++ b/synapse/push/mailer.py
@@ -42,17 +42,17 @@ from synapse.visibility import filter_events_for_client
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
-MESSAGE_FROM_PERSON_IN_ROOM = "You have a message on %(app)s from %(person)s " \
-                              "in the %(room)s room..."
+MESSAGE_FROM_PERSON_IN_ROOM = "You have a message on %(app)s from %(person)s " "in the %(room)s room..."
 MESSAGE_FROM_PERSON = "You have a message on %(app)s from %(person)s..."
 MESSAGES_FROM_PERSON = "You have messages on %(app)s from %(person)s..."
 MESSAGES_IN_ROOM = "You have messages on %(app)s in the %(room)s room..."
-MESSAGES_IN_ROOM_AND_OTHERS = \
+MESSAGES_IN_ROOM_AND_OTHERS = (
     "You have messages on %(app)s in the %(room)s room and others..."
-MESSAGES_FROM_PERSON_AND_OTHERS = \
+)
+MESSAGES_FROM_PERSON_AND_OTHERS = (
     "You have messages on %(app)s from %(person)s and others..."
-INVITE_FROM_PERSON_TO_ROOM = "%(person)s has invited you to join the " \
-                             "%(room)s room on %(app)s..."
+)
+INVITE_FROM_PERSON_TO_ROOM = "%(person)s has invited you to join the " "%(room)s room on %(app)s..."
 INVITE_FROM_PERSON = "%(person)s has invited you to chat on %(app)s..."
 
 CONTEXT_BEFORE = 1
@@ -60,12 +60,38 @@ CONTEXT_AFTER = 1
 
 # From https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-react-sdk/blob/master/src/HtmlUtils.js
 ALLOWED_TAGS = [
-    'font',  # custom to matrix for IRC-style font coloring
-    'del',  # for markdown
+    "font",  # custom to matrix for IRC-style font coloring
+    "del",  # for markdown
     # deliberately no h1/h2 to stop people shouting.
-    'h3', 'h4', 'h5', 'h6', 'blockquote', 'p', 'a', 'ul', 'ol',
-    'nl', 'li', 'b', 'i', 'u', 'strong', 'em', 'strike', 'code', 'hr', 'br', 'div',
-    'table', 'thead', 'caption', 'tbody', 'tr', 'th', 'td', 'pre'
+    "h3",
+    "h4",
+    "h5",
+    "h6",
+    "blockquote",
+    "p",
+    "a",
+    "ul",
+    "ol",
+    "nl",
+    "li",
+    "b",
+    "i",
+    "u",
+    "strong",
+    "em",
+    "strike",
+    "code",
+    "hr",
+    "br",
+    "div",
+    "table",
+    "thead",
+    "caption",
+    "tbody",
+    "tr",
+    "th",
+    "td",
+    "pre",
 ]
 ALLOWED_ATTRS = {
     # custom ones first:
@@ -94,13 +120,7 @@ class Mailer(object):
         logger.info("Created Mailer for app_name %s" % app_name)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def send_password_reset_mail(
-        self,
-        email_address,
-        token,
-        client_secret,
-        sid,
-    ):
+    def send_password_reset_mail(self, email_address, token, client_secret, sid):
         """Send an email with a password reset link to a user
 
         Args:
@@ -112,19 +132,16 @@ class Mailer(object):
                 group together multiple email sending attempts
             sid (str): The generated session ID
         """
-        if email.utils.parseaddr(email_address)[1] == '':
+        if email.utils.parseaddr(email_address)[1] == "":
             raise RuntimeError("Invalid 'to' email address")
 
         link = (
-            self.hs.config.public_baseurl +
-            "_matrix/client/unstable/password_reset/email/submit_token"
-            "?token=%s&client_secret=%s&sid=%s" %
-            (token, client_secret, sid)
+            self.hs.config.public_baseurl
+            + "_matrix/client/unstable/password_reset/email/submit_token"
+            "?token=%s&client_secret=%s&sid=%s" % (token, client_secret, sid)
         )
 
-        template_vars = {
-            "link": link,
-        }
+        template_vars = {"link": link}
 
         yield self.send_email(
             email_address,
@@ -133,15 +150,14 @@ class Mailer(object):
         )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def send_notification_mail(self, app_id, user_id, email_address,
-                               push_actions, reason):
+    def send_notification_mail(
+        self, app_id, user_id, email_address, push_actions, reason
+    ):
         """Send email regarding a user's room notifications"""
-        rooms_in_order = deduped_ordered_list(
-            [pa['room_id'] for pa in push_actions]
-        )
+        rooms_in_order = deduped_ordered_list([pa["room_id"] for pa in push_actions])
 
         notif_events = yield self.store.get_events(
-            [pa['event_id'] for pa in push_actions]
+            [pa["event_id"] for pa in push_actions]
         )
 
         notifs_by_room = {}
@@ -171,9 +187,7 @@ class Mailer(object):
         yield concurrently_execute(_fetch_room_state, rooms_in_order, 3)
 
         # actually sort our so-called rooms_in_order list, most recent room first
-        rooms_in_order.sort(
-            key=lambda r: -(notifs_by_room[r][-1]['received_ts'] or 0)
-        )
+        rooms_in_order.sort(key=lambda r: -(notifs_by_room[r][-1]["received_ts"] or 0))
 
         rooms = []
 
@@ -183,9 +197,11 @@ class Mailer(object):
             )
             rooms.append(roomvars)
 
-        reason['room_name'] = yield calculate_room_name(
-            self.store, state_by_room[reason['room_id']], user_id,
-            fallback_to_members=True
+        reason["room_name"] = yield calculate_room_name(
+            self.store,
+            state_by_room[reason["room_id"]],
+            user_id,
+            fallback_to_members=True,
         )
 
         summary_text = yield self.make_summary_text(
@@ -204,25 +220,21 @@ class Mailer(object):
         }
 
         yield self.send_email(
-            email_address,
-            "[%s] %s" % (self.app_name, summary_text),
-            template_vars,
+            email_address, "[%s] %s" % (self.app_name, summary_text), template_vars
         )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def send_email(self, email_address, subject, template_vars):
         """Send an email with the given information and template text"""
         try:
-            from_string = self.hs.config.email_notif_from % {
-                "app": self.app_name
-            }
+            from_string = self.hs.config.email_notif_from % {"app": self.app_name}
         except TypeError:
             from_string = self.hs.config.email_notif_from
 
         raw_from = email.utils.parseaddr(from_string)[1]
         raw_to = email.utils.parseaddr(email_address)[1]
 
-        if raw_to == '':
+        if raw_to == "":
             raise RuntimeError("Invalid 'to' address")
 
         html_text = self.template_html.render(**template_vars)
@@ -231,27 +243,31 @@ class Mailer(object):
         plain_text = self.template_text.render(**template_vars)
         text_part = MIMEText(plain_text, "plain", "utf8")
 
-        multipart_msg = MIMEMultipart('alternative')
-        multipart_msg['Subject'] = subject
-        multipart_msg['From'] = from_string
-        multipart_msg['To'] = email_address
-        multipart_msg['Date'] = email.utils.formatdate()
-        multipart_msg['Message-ID'] = email.utils.make_msgid()
+        multipart_msg = MIMEMultipart("alternative")
+        multipart_msg["Subject"] = subject
+        multipart_msg["From"] = from_string
+        multipart_msg["To"] = email_address
+        multipart_msg["Date"] = email.utils.formatdate()
+        multipart_msg["Message-ID"] = email.utils.make_msgid()
         multipart_msg.attach(text_part)
         multipart_msg.attach(html_part)
 
         logger.info("Sending email push notification to %s" % email_address)
 
-        yield make_deferred_yieldable(self.sendmail(
-            self.hs.config.email_smtp_host,
-            raw_from, raw_to, multipart_msg.as_string().encode('utf8'),
-            reactor=self.hs.get_reactor(),
-            port=self.hs.config.email_smtp_port,
-            requireAuthentication=self.hs.config.email_smtp_user is not None,
-            username=self.hs.config.email_smtp_user,
-            password=self.hs.config.email_smtp_pass,
-            requireTransportSecurity=self.hs.config.require_transport_security
-        ))
+        yield make_deferred_yieldable(
+            self.sendmail(
+                self.hs.config.email_smtp_host,
+                raw_from,
+                raw_to,
+                multipart_msg.as_string().encode("utf8"),
+                reactor=self.hs.get_reactor(),
+                port=self.hs.config.email_smtp_port,
+                requireAuthentication=self.hs.config.email_smtp_user is not None,
+                username=self.hs.config.email_smtp_user,
+                password=self.hs.config.email_smtp_pass,
+                requireTransportSecurity=self.hs.config.require_transport_security,
+            )
+        )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_room_vars(self, room_id, user_id, notifs, notif_events, room_state_ids):
@@ -272,17 +288,18 @@ class Mailer(object):
         if not is_invite:
             for n in notifs:
                 notifvars = yield self.get_notif_vars(
-                    n, user_id, notif_events[n['event_id']], room_state_ids
+                    n, user_id, notif_events[n["event_id"]], room_state_ids
                 )
 
                 # merge overlapping notifs together.
                 # relies on the notifs being in chronological order.
                 merge = False
-                if room_vars['notifs'] and 'messages' in room_vars['notifs'][-1]:
-                    prev_messages = room_vars['notifs'][-1]['messages']
-                    for message in notifvars['messages']:
-                        pm = list(filter(lambda pm: pm['id'] == message['id'],
-                                         prev_messages))
+                if room_vars["notifs"] and "messages" in room_vars["notifs"][-1]:
+                    prev_messages = room_vars["notifs"][-1]["messages"]
+                    for message in notifvars["messages"]:
+                        pm = list(
+                            filter(lambda pm: pm["id"] == message["id"], prev_messages)
+                        )
                         if pm:
                             if not message["is_historical"]:
                                 pm[0]["is_historical"] = False
@@ -293,20 +310,22 @@ class Mailer(object):
                             prev_messages.append(message)
 
                 if not merge:
-                    room_vars['notifs'].append(notifvars)
+                    room_vars["notifs"].append(notifvars)
 
         defer.returnValue(room_vars)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_notif_vars(self, notif, user_id, notif_event, room_state_ids):
         results = yield self.store.get_events_around(
-            notif['room_id'], notif['event_id'],
-            before_limit=CONTEXT_BEFORE, after_limit=CONTEXT_AFTER
+            notif["room_id"],
+            notif["event_id"],
+            before_limit=CONTEXT_BEFORE,
+            after_limit=CONTEXT_AFTER,
         )
 
         ret = {
             "link": self.make_notif_link(notif),
-            "ts": notif['received_ts'],
+            "ts": notif["received_ts"],
             "messages": [],
         }
 
@@ -318,7 +337,7 @@ class Mailer(object):
         for event in the_events:
             messagevars = yield self.get_message_vars(notif, event, room_state_ids)
             if messagevars is not None:
-                ret['messages'].append(messagevars)
+                ret["messages"].append(messagevars)
 
         defer.returnValue(ret)
 
@@ -340,7 +359,7 @@ class Mailer(object):
 
         ret = {
             "msgtype": msgtype,
-            "is_historical": event.event_id != notif['event_id'],
+            "is_historical": event.event_id != notif["event_id"],
             "id": event.event_id,
             "ts": event.origin_server_ts,
             "sender_name": sender_name,
@@ -379,8 +398,9 @@ class Mailer(object):
         return messagevars
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def make_summary_text(self, notifs_by_room, room_state_ids,
-                          notif_events, user_id, reason):
+    def make_summary_text(
+        self, notifs_by_room, room_state_ids, notif_events, user_id, reason
+    ):
         if len(notifs_by_room) == 1:
             # Only one room has new stuff
             room_id = list(notifs_by_room.keys())[0]
@@ -404,16 +424,19 @@ class Mailer(object):
                 inviter_name = name_from_member_event(inviter_member_event)
 
                 if room_name is None:
-                    defer.returnValue(INVITE_FROM_PERSON % {
-                        "person": inviter_name,
-                        "app": self.app_name
-                    })
+                    defer.returnValue(
+                        INVITE_FROM_PERSON
+                        % {"person": inviter_name, "app": self.app_name}
+                    )
                 else:
-                    defer.returnValue(INVITE_FROM_PERSON_TO_ROOM % {
-                        "person": inviter_name,
-                        "room": room_name,
-                        "app": self.app_name,
-                    })
+                    defer.returnValue(
+                        INVITE_FROM_PERSON_TO_ROOM
+                        % {
+                            "person": inviter_name,
+                            "room": room_name,
+                            "app": self.app_name,
+                        }
+                    )
 
             sender_name = None
             if len(notifs_by_room[room_id]) == 1:
@@ -427,67 +450,86 @@ class Mailer(object):
                     sender_name = name_from_member_event(state_event)
 
                 if sender_name is not None and room_name is not None:
-                    defer.returnValue(MESSAGE_FROM_PERSON_IN_ROOM % {
-                        "person": sender_name,
-                        "room": room_name,
-                        "app": self.app_name,
-                    })
+                    defer.returnValue(
+                        MESSAGE_FROM_PERSON_IN_ROOM
+                        % {
+                            "person": sender_name,
+                            "room": room_name,
+                            "app": self.app_name,
+                        }
+                    )
                 elif sender_name is not None:
-                    defer.returnValue(MESSAGE_FROM_PERSON % {
-                        "person": sender_name,
-                        "app": self.app_name,
-                    })
+                    defer.returnValue(
+                        MESSAGE_FROM_PERSON
+                        % {"person": sender_name, "app": self.app_name}
+                    )
             else:
                 # There's more than one notification for this room, so just
                 # say there are several
                 if room_name is not None:
-                    defer.returnValue(MESSAGES_IN_ROOM % {
-                        "room": room_name,
-                        "app": self.app_name,
-                    })
+                    defer.returnValue(
+                        MESSAGES_IN_ROOM % {"room": room_name, "app": self.app_name}
+                    )
                 else:
                     # If the room doesn't have a name, say who the messages
                     # are from explicitly to avoid, "messages in the Bob room"
-                    sender_ids = list(set([
-                        notif_events[n['event_id']].sender
-                        for n in notifs_by_room[room_id]
-                    ]))
-
-                    member_events = yield self.store.get_events([
-                        room_state_ids[room_id][("m.room.member", s)]
-                        for s in sender_ids
-                    ])
-
-                    defer.returnValue(MESSAGES_FROM_PERSON % {
-                        "person": descriptor_from_member_events(member_events.values()),
-                        "app": self.app_name,
-                    })
+                    sender_ids = list(
+                        set(
+                            [
+                                notif_events[n["event_id"]].sender
+                                for n in notifs_by_room[room_id]
+                            ]
+                        )
+                    )
+
+                    member_events = yield self.store.get_events(
+                        [
+                            room_state_ids[room_id][("m.room.member", s)]
+                            for s in sender_ids
+                        ]
+                    )
+
+                    defer.returnValue(
+                        MESSAGES_FROM_PERSON
+                        % {
+                            "person": descriptor_from_member_events(
+                                member_events.values()
+                            ),
+                            "app": self.app_name,
+                        }
+                    )
         else:
             # Stuff's happened in multiple different rooms
 
             # ...but we still refer to the 'reason' room which triggered the mail
-            if reason['room_name'] is not None:
-                defer.returnValue(MESSAGES_IN_ROOM_AND_OTHERS % {
-                    "room": reason['room_name'],
-                    "app": self.app_name,
-                })
+            if reason["room_name"] is not None:
+                defer.returnValue(
+                    MESSAGES_IN_ROOM_AND_OTHERS
+                    % {"room": reason["room_name"], "app": self.app_name}
+                )
             else:
                 # If the reason room doesn't have a name, say who the messages
                 # are from explicitly to avoid, "messages in the Bob room"
-                sender_ids = list(set([
-                    notif_events[n['event_id']].sender
-                    for n in notifs_by_room[reason['room_id']]
-                ]))
+                sender_ids = list(
+                    set(
+                        [
+                            notif_events[n["event_id"]].sender
+                            for n in notifs_by_room[reason["room_id"]]
+                        ]
+                    )
+                )
 
-                member_events = yield self.store.get_events([
-                    room_state_ids[room_id][("m.room.member", s)]
-                    for s in sender_ids
-                ])
+                member_events = yield self.store.get_events(
+                    [room_state_ids[room_id][("m.room.member", s)] for s in sender_ids]
+                )
 
-                defer.returnValue(MESSAGES_FROM_PERSON_AND_OTHERS % {
-                    "person": descriptor_from_member_events(member_events.values()),
-                    "app": self.app_name,
-                })
+                defer.returnValue(
+                    MESSAGES_FROM_PERSON_AND_OTHERS
+                    % {
+                        "person": descriptor_from_member_events(member_events.values()),
+                        "app": self.app_name,
+                    }
+                )
 
     def make_room_link(self, room_id):
         if self.hs.config.email_riot_base_url:
@@ -503,17 +545,17 @@ class Mailer(object):
         if self.hs.config.email_riot_base_url:
             return "%s/#/room/%s/%s" % (
                 self.hs.config.email_riot_base_url,
-                notif['room_id'], notif['event_id']
+                notif["room_id"],
+                notif["event_id"],
             )
         elif self.app_name == "Vector":
             # need /beta for Universal Links to work on iOS
             return "https://vector.im/beta/#/room/%s/%s" % (
-                notif['room_id'], notif['event_id']
+                notif["room_id"],
+                notif["event_id"],
             )
         else:
-            return "https://matrix.to/#/%s/%s" % (
-                notif['room_id'], notif['event_id']
-            )
+            return "https://matrix.to/#/%s/%s" % (notif["room_id"], notif["event_id"])
 
     def make_unsubscribe_link(self, user_id, app_id, email_address):
         params = {
@@ -530,12 +572,18 @@ class Mailer(object):
 
 
 def safe_markup(raw_html):
-    return jinja2.Markup(bleach.linkify(bleach.clean(
-        raw_html, tags=ALLOWED_TAGS, attributes=ALLOWED_ATTRS,
-        # bleach master has this, but it isn't released yet
-        # protocols=ALLOWED_SCHEMES,
-        strip=True
-    )))
+    return jinja2.Markup(
+        bleach.linkify(
+            bleach.clean(
+                raw_html,
+                tags=ALLOWED_TAGS,
+                attributes=ALLOWED_ATTRS,
+                # bleach master has this, but it isn't released yet
+                # protocols=ALLOWED_SCHEMES,
+                strip=True,
+            )
+        )
+    )
 
 
 def safe_text(raw_text):
@@ -543,10 +591,9 @@ def safe_text(raw_text):
     Process text: treat it as HTML but escape any tags (ie. just escape the
     HTML) then linkify it.
     """
-    return jinja2.Markup(bleach.linkify(bleach.clean(
-        raw_text, tags=[], attributes={},
-        strip=False
-    )))
+    return jinja2.Markup(
+        bleach.linkify(bleach.clean(raw_text, tags=[], attributes={}, strip=False))
+    )
 
 
 def deduped_ordered_list(l):
@@ -595,15 +642,11 @@ def _create_mxc_to_http_filter(config):
 
         serverAndMediaId = value[6:]
         fragment = None
-        if '#' in serverAndMediaId:
-            (serverAndMediaId, fragment) = serverAndMediaId.split('#', 1)
+        if "#" in serverAndMediaId:
+            (serverAndMediaId, fragment) = serverAndMediaId.split("#", 1)
             fragment = "#" + fragment
 
-        params = {
-            "width": width,
-            "height": height,
-            "method": resize_method,
-        }
+        params = {"width": width, "height": height, "method": resize_method}
         return "%s_matrix/media/v1/thumbnail/%s?%s%s" % (
             config.public_baseurl,
             serverAndMediaId,
diff --git a/synapse/push/presentable_names.py b/synapse/push/presentable_names.py
index 0c66702325..06056fbf4f 100644
--- a/synapse/push/presentable_names.py
+++ b/synapse/push/presentable_names.py
@@ -28,8 +28,13 @@ ALL_ALONE = "Empty Room"
 
 
 @defer.inlineCallbacks
-def calculate_room_name(store, room_state_ids, user_id, fallback_to_members=True,
-                        fallback_to_single_member=True):
+def calculate_room_name(
+    store,
+    room_state_ids,
+    user_id,
+    fallback_to_members=True,
+    fallback_to_single_member=True,
+):
     """
     Works out a user-facing name for the given room as per Matrix
     spec recommendations.
@@ -58,8 +63,10 @@ def calculate_room_name(store, room_state_ids, user_id, fallback_to_members=True
             room_state_ids[("m.room.canonical_alias", "")], allow_none=True
         )
         if (
-            canon_alias and canon_alias.content and canon_alias.content["alias"] and
-            _looks_like_an_alias(canon_alias.content["alias"])
+            canon_alias
+            and canon_alias.content
+            and canon_alias.content["alias"]
+            and _looks_like_an_alias(canon_alias.content["alias"])
         ):
             defer.returnValue(canon_alias.content["alias"])
 
@@ -71,9 +78,7 @@ def calculate_room_name(store, room_state_ids, user_id, fallback_to_members=True
     if "m.room.aliases" in room_state_bytype_ids:
         m_room_aliases = room_state_bytype_ids["m.room.aliases"]
         for alias_id in m_room_aliases.values():
-            alias_event = yield store.get_event(
-                alias_id, allow_none=True
-            )
+            alias_event = yield store.get_event(alias_id, allow_none=True)
             if alias_event and alias_event.content.get("aliases"):
                 the_aliases = alias_event.content["aliases"]
                 if len(the_aliases) > 0 and _looks_like_an_alias(the_aliases[0]):
@@ -89,8 +94,8 @@ def calculate_room_name(store, room_state_ids, user_id, fallback_to_members=True
         )
 
     if (
-        my_member_event is not None and
-        my_member_event.content['membership'] == "invite"
+        my_member_event is not None
+        and my_member_event.content["membership"] == "invite"
     ):
         if ("m.room.member", my_member_event.sender) in room_state_ids:
             inviter_member_event = yield store.get_event(
@@ -100,9 +105,8 @@ def calculate_room_name(store, room_state_ids, user_id, fallback_to_members=True
             if inviter_member_event:
                 if fallback_to_single_member:
                     defer.returnValue(
-                        "Invite from %s" % (
-                            name_from_member_event(inviter_member_event),
-                        )
+                        "Invite from %s"
+                        % (name_from_member_event(inviter_member_event),)
                     )
                 else:
                     return
@@ -116,8 +120,10 @@ def calculate_room_name(store, room_state_ids, user_id, fallback_to_members=True
             list(room_state_bytype_ids["m.room.member"].values())
         )
         all_members = [
-            ev for ev in member_events.values()
-            if ev.content['membership'] == "join" or ev.content['membership'] == "invite"
+            ev
+            for ev in member_events.values()
+            if ev.content["membership"] == "join"
+            or ev.content["membership"] == "invite"
         ]
         # Sort the member events oldest-first so the we name people in the
         # order the joined (it should at least be deterministic rather than
@@ -134,9 +140,9 @@ def calculate_room_name(store, room_state_ids, user_id, fallback_to_members=True
             # or inbound invite, or outbound 3PID invite.
             if all_members[0].sender == user_id:
                 if "m.room.third_party_invite" in room_state_bytype_ids:
-                    third_party_invites = (
-                        room_state_bytype_ids["m.room.third_party_invite"].values()
-                    )
+                    third_party_invites = room_state_bytype_ids[
+                        "m.room.third_party_invite"
+                    ].values()
 
                     if len(third_party_invites) > 0:
                         # technically third party invite events are not member
@@ -191,8 +197,9 @@ def descriptor_from_member_events(member_events):
 
 def name_from_member_event(member_event):
     if (
-        member_event.content and "displayname" in member_event.content and
-        member_event.content["displayname"]
+        member_event.content
+        and "displayname" in member_event.content
+        and member_event.content["displayname"]
     ):
         return member_event.content["displayname"]
     return member_event.state_key
diff --git a/synapse/push/push_rule_evaluator.py b/synapse/push/push_rule_evaluator.py
index cf6c8b875e..5ed9147de4 100644
--- a/synapse/push/push_rule_evaluator.py
+++ b/synapse/push/push_rule_evaluator.py
@@ -26,8 +26,8 @@ from synapse.util.caches.lrucache import LruCache
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
-GLOB_REGEX = re.compile(r'\\\[(\\\!|)(.*)\\\]')
-IS_GLOB = re.compile(r'[\?\*\[\]]')
+GLOB_REGEX = re.compile(r"\\\[(\\\!|)(.*)\\\]")
+IS_GLOB = re.compile(r"[\?\*\[\]]")
 INEQUALITY_EXPR = re.compile("^([=<>]*)([0-9]*)$")
 
 
@@ -36,20 +36,20 @@ def _room_member_count(ev, condition, room_member_count):
 
 
 def _sender_notification_permission(ev, condition, sender_power_level, power_levels):
-    notif_level_key = condition.get('key')
+    notif_level_key = condition.get("key")
     if notif_level_key is None:
         return False
 
-    notif_levels = power_levels.get('notifications', {})
+    notif_levels = power_levels.get("notifications", {})
     room_notif_level = notif_levels.get(notif_level_key, 50)
 
     return sender_power_level >= room_notif_level
 
 
 def _test_ineq_condition(condition, number):
-    if 'is' not in condition:
+    if "is" not in condition:
         return False
-    m = INEQUALITY_EXPR.match(condition['is'])
+    m = INEQUALITY_EXPR.match(condition["is"])
     if not m:
         return False
     ineq = m.group(1)
@@ -58,15 +58,15 @@ def _test_ineq_condition(condition, number):
         return False
     rhs = int(rhs)
 
-    if ineq == '' or ineq == '==':
+    if ineq == "" or ineq == "==":
         return number == rhs
-    elif ineq == '<':
+    elif ineq == "<":
         return number < rhs
-    elif ineq == '>':
+    elif ineq == ">":
         return number > rhs
-    elif ineq == '>=':
+    elif ineq == ">=":
         return number >= rhs
-    elif ineq == '<=':
+    elif ineq == "<=":
         return number <= rhs
     else:
         return False
@@ -77,8 +77,8 @@ def tweaks_for_actions(actions):
     for a in actions:
         if not isinstance(a, dict):
             continue
-        if 'set_tweak' in a and 'value' in a:
-            tweaks[a['set_tweak']] = a['value']
+        if "set_tweak" in a and "value" in a:
+            tweaks[a["set_tweak"]] = a["value"]
     return tweaks
 
 
@@ -93,26 +93,24 @@ class PushRuleEvaluatorForEvent(object):
         self._value_cache = _flatten_dict(event)
 
     def matches(self, condition, user_id, display_name):
-        if condition['kind'] == 'event_match':
+        if condition["kind"] == "event_match":
             return self._event_match(condition, user_id)
-        elif condition['kind'] == 'contains_display_name':
+        elif condition["kind"] == "contains_display_name":
             return self._contains_display_name(display_name)
-        elif condition['kind'] == 'room_member_count':
-            return _room_member_count(
-                self._event, condition, self._room_member_count
-            )
-        elif condition['kind'] == 'sender_notification_permission':
+        elif condition["kind"] == "room_member_count":
+            return _room_member_count(self._event, condition, self._room_member_count)
+        elif condition["kind"] == "sender_notification_permission":
             return _sender_notification_permission(
-                self._event, condition, self._sender_power_level, self._power_levels,
+                self._event, condition, self._sender_power_level, self._power_levels
             )
         else:
             return True
 
     def _event_match(self, condition, user_id):
-        pattern = condition.get('pattern', None)
+        pattern = condition.get("pattern", None)
 
         if not pattern:
-            pattern_type = condition.get('pattern_type', None)
+            pattern_type = condition.get("pattern_type", None)
             if pattern_type == "user_id":
                 pattern = user_id
             elif pattern_type == "user_localpart":
@@ -123,14 +121,14 @@ class PushRuleEvaluatorForEvent(object):
             return False
 
         # XXX: optimisation: cache our pattern regexps
-        if condition['key'] == 'content.body':
+        if condition["key"] == "content.body":
             body = self._event.content.get("body", None)
             if not body:
                 return False
 
             return _glob_matches(pattern, body, word_boundary=True)
         else:
-            haystack = self._get_value(condition['key'])
+            haystack = self._get_value(condition["key"])
             if haystack is None:
                 return False
 
@@ -193,16 +191,13 @@ def _glob_to_re(glob, word_boundary):
     if IS_GLOB.search(glob):
         r = re.escape(glob)
 
-        r = r.replace(r'\*', '.*?')
-        r = r.replace(r'\?', '.')
+        r = r.replace(r"\*", ".*?")
+        r = r.replace(r"\?", ".")
 
         # handle [abc], [a-z] and [!a-z] style ranges.
         r = GLOB_REGEX.sub(
             lambda x: (
-                '[%s%s]' % (
-                    x.group(1) and '^' or '',
-                    x.group(2).replace(r'\\\-', '-')
-                )
+                "[%s%s]" % (x.group(1) and "^" or "", x.group(2).replace(r"\\\-", "-"))
             ),
             r,
         )
diff --git a/synapse/push/push_tools.py b/synapse/push/push_tools.py
index 8049c298c2..e37269cdb9 100644
--- a/synapse/push/push_tools.py
+++ b/synapse/push/push_tools.py
@@ -23,9 +23,7 @@ def get_badge_count(store, user_id):
     invites = yield store.get_invited_rooms_for_user(user_id)
     joins = yield store.get_rooms_for_user(user_id)
 
-    my_receipts_by_room = yield store.get_receipts_for_user(
-        user_id, "m.read",
-    )
+    my_receipts_by_room = yield store.get_receipts_for_user(user_id, "m.read")
 
     badge = len(invites)
 
@@ -57,10 +55,10 @@ def get_context_for_event(store, state_handler, ev, user_id):
         store, room_state_ids, user_id, fallback_to_single_member=False
     )
     if name:
-        ctx['name'] = name
+        ctx["name"] = name
 
     sender_state_event_id = room_state_ids[("m.room.member", ev.sender)]
     sender_state_event = yield store.get_event(sender_state_event_id)
-    ctx['sender_display_name'] = name_from_member_event(sender_state_event)
+    ctx["sender_display_name"] = name_from_member_event(sender_state_event)
 
     defer.returnValue(ctx)
diff --git a/synapse/push/pusher.py b/synapse/push/pusher.py
index aff85daeb5..a9c64a9c54 100644
--- a/synapse/push/pusher.py
+++ b/synapse/push/pusher.py
@@ -36,9 +36,7 @@ class PusherFactory(object):
     def __init__(self, hs):
         self.hs = hs
 
-        self.pusher_types = {
-            "http": HttpPusher,
-        }
+        self.pusher_types = {"http": HttpPusher}
 
         logger.info("email enable notifs: %r", hs.config.email_enable_notifs)
         if hs.config.email_enable_notifs:
@@ -56,7 +54,7 @@ class PusherFactory(object):
             logger.info("defined email pusher type")
 
     def create_pusher(self, pusherdict):
-        kind = pusherdict['kind']
+        kind = pusherdict["kind"]
         f = self.pusher_types.get(kind, None)
         if not f:
             return None
@@ -77,8 +75,8 @@ class PusherFactory(object):
         return EmailPusher(self.hs, pusherdict, mailer)
 
     def _app_name_from_pusherdict(self, pusherdict):
-        if 'data' in pusherdict and 'brand' in pusherdict['data']:
-            app_name = pusherdict['data']['brand']
+        if "data" in pusherdict and "brand" in pusherdict["data"]:
+            app_name = pusherdict["data"]["brand"]
         else:
             app_name = self.hs.config.email_app_name
 
diff --git a/synapse/push/pusherpool.py b/synapse/push/pusherpool.py
index 63c583565f..df6f670740 100644
--- a/synapse/push/pusherpool.py
+++ b/synapse/push/pusherpool.py
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ class PusherPool:
     notifications are sent; accordingly Pusher.on_started, Pusher.on_new_notifications and
     Pusher.on_new_receipts are not expected to return deferreds.
     """
+
     def __init__(self, _hs):
         self.hs = _hs
         self.pusher_factory = PusherFactory(_hs)
@@ -57,9 +58,19 @@ class PusherPool:
         run_as_background_process("start_pushers", self._start_pushers)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def add_pusher(self, user_id, access_token, kind, app_id,
-                   app_display_name, device_display_name, pushkey, lang, data,
-                   profile_tag=""):
+    def add_pusher(
+        self,
+        user_id,
+        access_token,
+        kind,
+        app_id,
+        app_display_name,
+        device_display_name,
+        pushkey,
+        lang,
+        data,
+        profile_tag="",
+    ):
         """Creates a new pusher and adds it to the pool
 
         Returns:
@@ -71,21 +82,23 @@ class PusherPool:
         # will then get pulled out of the database,
         # recreated, added and started: this means we have only one
         # code path adding pushers.
-        self.pusher_factory.create_pusher({
-            "id": None,
-            "user_name": user_id,
-            "kind": kind,
-            "app_id": app_id,
-            "app_display_name": app_display_name,
-            "device_display_name": device_display_name,
-            "pushkey": pushkey,
-            "ts": time_now_msec,
-            "lang": lang,
-            "data": data,
-            "last_stream_ordering": None,
-            "last_success": None,
-            "failing_since": None
-        })
+        self.pusher_factory.create_pusher(
+            {
+                "id": None,
+                "user_name": user_id,
+                "kind": kind,
+                "app_id": app_id,
+                "app_display_name": app_display_name,
+                "device_display_name": device_display_name,
+                "pushkey": pushkey,
+                "ts": time_now_msec,
+                "lang": lang,
+                "data": data,
+                "last_stream_ordering": None,
+                "last_success": None,
+                "failing_since": None,
+            }
+        )
 
         # create the pusher setting last_stream_ordering to the current maximum
         # stream ordering in event_push_actions, so it will process
@@ -113,18 +126,19 @@ class PusherPool:
         defer.returnValue(pusher)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def remove_pushers_by_app_id_and_pushkey_not_user(self, app_id, pushkey,
-                                                      not_user_id):
-        to_remove = yield self.store.get_pushers_by_app_id_and_pushkey(
-            app_id, pushkey
-        )
+    def remove_pushers_by_app_id_and_pushkey_not_user(
+        self, app_id, pushkey, not_user_id
+    ):
+        to_remove = yield self.store.get_pushers_by_app_id_and_pushkey(app_id, pushkey)
         for p in to_remove:
-            if p['user_name'] != not_user_id:
+            if p["user_name"] != not_user_id:
                 logger.info(
                     "Removing pusher for app id %s, pushkey %s, user %s",
-                    app_id, pushkey, p['user_name']
+                    app_id,
+                    pushkey,
+                    p["user_name"],
                 )
-                yield self.remove_pusher(p['app_id'], p['pushkey'], p['user_name'])
+                yield self.remove_pusher(p["app_id"], p["pushkey"], p["user_name"])
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def remove_pushers_by_access_token(self, user_id, access_tokens):
@@ -138,14 +152,14 @@ class PusherPool:
         """
         tokens = set(access_tokens)
         for p in (yield self.store.get_pushers_by_user_id(user_id)):
-            if p['access_token'] in tokens:
+            if p["access_token"] in tokens:
                 logger.info(
                     "Removing pusher for app id %s, pushkey %s, user %s",
-                    p['app_id'], p['pushkey'], p['user_name']
-                )
-                yield self.remove_pusher(
-                    p['app_id'], p['pushkey'], p['user_name'],
+                    p["app_id"],
+                    p["pushkey"],
+                    p["user_name"],
                 )
+                yield self.remove_pusher(p["app_id"], p["pushkey"], p["user_name"])
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_new_notifications(self, min_stream_id, max_stream_id):
@@ -199,13 +213,11 @@ class PusherPool:
         if not self._should_start_pushers:
             return
 
-        resultlist = yield self.store.get_pushers_by_app_id_and_pushkey(
-            app_id, pushkey
-        )
+        resultlist = yield self.store.get_pushers_by_app_id_and_pushkey(app_id, pushkey)
 
         pusher_dict = None
         for r in resultlist:
-            if r['user_name'] == user_id:
+            if r["user_name"] == user_id:
                 pusher_dict = r
 
         pusher = None
@@ -245,9 +257,9 @@ class PusherPool:
         except PusherConfigException as e:
             logger.warning(
                 "Pusher incorrectly configured user=%s, appid=%s, pushkey=%s: %s",
-                pusherdict.get('user_name'),
-                pusherdict.get('app_id'),
-                pusherdict.get('pushkey'),
+                pusherdict.get("user_name"),
+                pusherdict.get("app_id"),
+                pusherdict.get("pushkey"),
                 e,
             )
             return
@@ -258,11 +270,8 @@ class PusherPool:
         if not p:
             return
 
-        appid_pushkey = "%s:%s" % (
-            pusherdict['app_id'],
-            pusherdict['pushkey'],
-        )
-        byuser = self.pushers.setdefault(pusherdict['user_name'], {})
+        appid_pushkey = "%s:%s" % (pusherdict["app_id"], pusherdict["pushkey"])
+        byuser = self.pushers.setdefault(pusherdict["user_name"], {})
 
         if appid_pushkey in byuser:
             byuser[appid_pushkey].on_stop()
@@ -275,7 +284,7 @@ class PusherPool:
         last_stream_ordering = pusherdict["last_stream_ordering"]
         if last_stream_ordering:
             have_notifs = yield self.store.get_if_maybe_push_in_range_for_user(
-                user_id, last_stream_ordering,
+                user_id, last_stream_ordering
             )
         else:
             # We always want to default to starting up the pusher rather than
diff --git a/synapse/push/rulekinds.py b/synapse/push/rulekinds.py
index 4cae48ac07..ce7cc1b4ee 100644
--- a/synapse/push/rulekinds.py
+++ b/synapse/push/rulekinds.py
@@ -13,10 +13,10 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 
 PRIORITY_CLASS_MAP = {
-    'underride': 1,
-    'sender': 2,
-    'room': 3,
-    'content': 4,
-    'override': 5,
+    "underride": 1,
+    "sender": 2,
+    "room": 3,
+    "content": 4,
+    "override": 5,
 }
 PRIORITY_CLASS_INVERSE_MAP = {v: k for k, v in PRIORITY_CLASS_MAP.items()}
diff --git a/synapse/python_dependencies.py b/synapse/python_dependencies.py
index 11ace2bfb1..77e2d1a0e1 100644
--- a/synapse/python_dependencies.py
+++ b/synapse/python_dependencies.py
@@ -45,14 +45,11 @@ REQUIREMENTS = [
     "signedjson>=1.0.0",
     "pynacl>=1.2.1",
     "idna>=2.5",
-
     # validating SSL certs for IP addresses requires service_identity 18.1.
     "service_identity>=18.1.0",
-
     # our logcontext handling relies on the ability to cancel inlineCallbacks
     # (https://twistedmatrix.com/trac/ticket/4632) which landed in Twisted 18.7.
     "Twisted>=18.7.0",
-
     "treq>=15.1",
     # Twisted has required pyopenssl 16.0 since about Twisted 16.6.
     "pyopenssl>=16.0.0",
@@ -71,34 +68,27 @@ REQUIREMENTS = [
     # prometheus_client 0.4.0 changed the format of counter metrics
     # (cf https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/4001)
     "prometheus_client>=0.0.18,<0.4.0",
-
     # we use attr.s(slots), which arrived in 16.0.0
     # Twisted 18.7.0 requires attrs>=17.4.0
     "attrs>=17.4.0",
-
     "netaddr>=0.7.18",
 ]
 
 CONDITIONAL_REQUIREMENTS = {
     "email": ["Jinja2>=2.9", "bleach>=1.4.3"],
     "matrix-synapse-ldap3": ["matrix-synapse-ldap3>=0.1"],
-
     # we use execute_batch, which arrived in psycopg 2.7.
     "postgres": ["psycopg2>=2.7"],
-
     # ConsentResource uses select_autoescape, which arrived in jinja 2.9
     "resources.consent": ["Jinja2>=2.9"],
-
     # ACME support is required to provision TLS certificates from authorities
     # that use the protocol, such as Let's Encrypt.
     "acme": [
         "txacme>=0.9.2",
-
         # txacme depends on eliot. Eliot 1.8.0 is incompatible with
         # python 3.5.2, as per https://github.com/itamarst/eliot/issues/418
         'eliot<1.8.0;python_version<"3.5.3"',
     ],
-
     "saml2": ["pysaml2>=4.5.0"],
     "systemd": ["systemd-python>=231"],
     "url_preview": ["lxml>=3.5.0"],
@@ -121,12 +111,14 @@ def list_requirements():
 class DependencyException(Exception):
     @property
     def message(self):
-        return "\n".join([
-            "Missing Requirements: %s" % (", ".join(self.dependencies),),
-            "To install run:",
-            "    pip install --upgrade --force %s" % (" ".join(self.dependencies),),
-            "",
-        ])
+        return "\n".join(
+            [
+                "Missing Requirements: %s" % (", ".join(self.dependencies),),
+                "To install run:",
+                "    pip install --upgrade --force %s" % (" ".join(self.dependencies),),
+                "",
+            ]
+        )
 
     @property
     def dependencies(self):
diff --git a/synapse/replication/http/_base.py b/synapse/replication/http/_base.py
index 0a432a16fa..fe482e279f 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/http/_base.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/http/_base.py
@@ -83,8 +83,7 @@ class ReplicationEndpoint(object):
     def __init__(self, hs):
         if self.CACHE:
             self.response_cache = ResponseCache(
-                hs, "repl." + self.NAME,
-                timeout_ms=30 * 60 * 1000,
+                hs, "repl." + self.NAME, timeout_ms=30 * 60 * 1000
             )
 
         assert self.METHOD in ("PUT", "POST", "GET")
@@ -134,8 +133,7 @@ class ReplicationEndpoint(object):
             data = yield cls._serialize_payload(**kwargs)
 
             url_args = [
-                urllib.parse.quote(kwargs[name], safe='')
-                for name in cls.PATH_ARGS
+                urllib.parse.quote(kwargs[name], safe="") for name in cls.PATH_ARGS
             ]
 
             if cls.CACHE:
@@ -156,7 +154,10 @@ class ReplicationEndpoint(object):
                 )
 
             uri = "http://%s:%s/_synapse/replication/%s/%s" % (
-                host, port, cls.NAME, "/".join(url_args)
+                host,
+                port,
+                cls.NAME,
+                "/".join(url_args),
             )
 
             try:
@@ -202,10 +203,7 @@ class ReplicationEndpoint(object):
             url_args.append("txn_id")
 
         args = "/".join("(?P<%s>[^/]+)" % (arg,) for arg in url_args)
-        pattern = re.compile("^/_synapse/replication/%s/%s$" % (
-            self.NAME,
-            args
-        ))
+        pattern = re.compile("^/_synapse/replication/%s/%s$" % (self.NAME, args))
 
         http_server.register_paths(method, [pattern], handler)
 
@@ -219,8 +217,4 @@ class ReplicationEndpoint(object):
 
         assert self.CACHE
 
-        return self.response_cache.wrap(
-            txn_id,
-            self._handle_request,
-            request, **kwargs
-        )
+        return self.response_cache.wrap(txn_id, self._handle_request, request, **kwargs)
diff --git a/synapse/replication/http/federation.py b/synapse/replication/http/federation.py
index 0f0a07c422..61eafbe708 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/http/federation.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/http/federation.py
@@ -68,18 +68,17 @@ class ReplicationFederationSendEventsRestServlet(ReplicationEndpoint):
         for event, context in event_and_contexts:
             serialized_context = yield context.serialize(event, store)
 
-            event_payloads.append({
-                "event": event.get_pdu_json(),
-                "event_format_version": event.format_version,
-                "internal_metadata": event.internal_metadata.get_dict(),
-                "rejected_reason": event.rejected_reason,
-                "context": serialized_context,
-            })
-
-        payload = {
-            "events": event_payloads,
-            "backfilled": backfilled,
-        }
+            event_payloads.append(
+                {
+                    "event": event.get_pdu_json(),
+                    "event_format_version": event.format_version,
+                    "internal_metadata": event.internal_metadata.get_dict(),
+                    "rejected_reason": event.rejected_reason,
+                    "context": serialized_context,
+                }
+            )
+
+        payload = {"events": event_payloads, "backfilled": backfilled}
 
         defer.returnValue(payload)
 
@@ -103,18 +102,15 @@ class ReplicationFederationSendEventsRestServlet(ReplicationEndpoint):
                 event = EventType(event_dict, internal_metadata, rejected_reason)
 
                 context = yield EventContext.deserialize(
-                    self.store, event_payload["context"],
+                    self.store, event_payload["context"]
                 )
 
                 event_and_contexts.append((event, context))
 
-        logger.info(
-            "Got %d events from federation",
-            len(event_and_contexts),
-        )
+        logger.info("Got %d events from federation", len(event_and_contexts))
 
         yield self.federation_handler.persist_events_and_notify(
-            event_and_contexts, backfilled,
+            event_and_contexts, backfilled
         )
 
         defer.returnValue((200, {}))
@@ -146,10 +142,7 @@ class ReplicationFederationSendEduRestServlet(ReplicationEndpoint):
 
     @staticmethod
     def _serialize_payload(edu_type, origin, content):
-        return {
-            "origin": origin,
-            "content": content,
-        }
+        return {"origin": origin, "content": content}
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _handle_request(self, request, edu_type):
@@ -159,10 +152,7 @@ class ReplicationFederationSendEduRestServlet(ReplicationEndpoint):
             origin = content["origin"]
             edu_content = content["content"]
 
-        logger.info(
-            "Got %r edu from %s",
-            edu_type, origin,
-        )
+        logger.info("Got %r edu from %s", edu_type, origin)
 
         result = yield self.registry.on_edu(edu_type, origin, edu_content)
 
@@ -201,9 +191,7 @@ class ReplicationGetQueryRestServlet(ReplicationEndpoint):
             query_type (str)
             args (dict): The arguments received for the given query type
         """
-        return {
-            "args": args,
-        }
+        return {"args": args}
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _handle_request(self, request, query_type):
@@ -212,10 +200,7 @@ class ReplicationGetQueryRestServlet(ReplicationEndpoint):
 
             args = content["args"]
 
-        logger.info(
-            "Got %r query",
-            query_type,
-        )
+        logger.info("Got %r query", query_type)
 
         result = yield self.registry.on_query(query_type, args)
 
diff --git a/synapse/replication/http/login.py b/synapse/replication/http/login.py
index 63bc0405ea..7c1197e5dd 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/http/login.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/http/login.py
@@ -61,13 +61,10 @@ class RegisterDeviceReplicationServlet(ReplicationEndpoint):
         is_guest = content["is_guest"]
 
         device_id, access_token = yield self.registration_handler.register_device(
-            user_id, device_id, initial_display_name, is_guest,
+            user_id, device_id, initial_display_name, is_guest
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, {
-            "device_id": device_id,
-            "access_token": access_token,
-        }))
+        defer.returnValue((200, {"device_id": device_id, "access_token": access_token}))
 
 
 def register_servlets(hs, http_server):
diff --git a/synapse/replication/http/membership.py b/synapse/replication/http/membership.py
index 81a2b204c7..0a76a3762f 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/http/membership.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/http/membership.py
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ class ReplicationRemoteJoinRestServlet(ReplicationEndpoint):
     """
 
     NAME = "remote_join"
-    PATH_ARGS = ("room_id", "user_id",)
+    PATH_ARGS = ("room_id", "user_id")
 
     def __init__(self, hs):
         super(ReplicationRemoteJoinRestServlet, self).__init__(hs)
@@ -50,8 +50,7 @@ class ReplicationRemoteJoinRestServlet(ReplicationEndpoint):
         self.clock = hs.get_clock()
 
     @staticmethod
-    def _serialize_payload(requester, room_id, user_id, remote_room_hosts,
-                           content):
+    def _serialize_payload(requester, room_id, user_id, remote_room_hosts, content):
         """
         Args:
             requester(Requester)
@@ -78,16 +77,10 @@ class ReplicationRemoteJoinRestServlet(ReplicationEndpoint):
         if requester.user:
             request.authenticated_entity = requester.user.to_string()
 
-        logger.info(
-            "remote_join: %s into room: %s",
-            user_id, room_id,
-        )
+        logger.info("remote_join: %s into room: %s", user_id, room_id)
 
         yield self.federation_handler.do_invite_join(
-            remote_room_hosts,
-            room_id,
-            user_id,
-            event_content,
+            remote_room_hosts, room_id, user_id, event_content
         )
 
         defer.returnValue((200, {}))
@@ -107,7 +100,7 @@ class ReplicationRemoteRejectInviteRestServlet(ReplicationEndpoint):
     """
 
     NAME = "remote_reject_invite"
-    PATH_ARGS = ("room_id", "user_id",)
+    PATH_ARGS = ("room_id", "user_id")
 
     def __init__(self, hs):
         super(ReplicationRemoteRejectInviteRestServlet, self).__init__(hs)
@@ -141,16 +134,11 @@ class ReplicationRemoteRejectInviteRestServlet(ReplicationEndpoint):
         if requester.user:
             request.authenticated_entity = requester.user.to_string()
 
-        logger.info(
-            "remote_reject_invite: %s out of room: %s",
-            user_id, room_id,
-        )
+        logger.info("remote_reject_invite: %s out of room: %s", user_id, room_id)
 
         try:
             event = yield self.federation_handler.do_remotely_reject_invite(
-                remote_room_hosts,
-                room_id,
-                user_id,
+                remote_room_hosts, room_id, user_id
             )
             ret = event.get_pdu_json()
         except Exception as e:
@@ -162,9 +150,7 @@ class ReplicationRemoteRejectInviteRestServlet(ReplicationEndpoint):
             #
             logger.warn("Failed to reject invite: %s", e)
 
-            yield self.store.locally_reject_invite(
-                user_id, room_id
-            )
+            yield self.store.locally_reject_invite(user_id, room_id)
             ret = {}
 
         defer.returnValue((200, ret))
@@ -228,7 +214,7 @@ class ReplicationRegister3PIDGuestRestServlet(ReplicationEndpoint):
         logger.info("get_or_register_3pid_guest: %r", content)
 
         ret = yield self.registeration_handler.get_or_register_3pid_guest(
-            medium, address, inviter_user_id,
+            medium, address, inviter_user_id
         )
 
         defer.returnValue((200, ret))
@@ -264,7 +250,7 @@ class ReplicationUserJoinedLeftRoomRestServlet(ReplicationEndpoint):
             user_id (str)
             change (str): Either "joined" or "left"
         """
-        assert change in ("joined", "left",)
+        assert change in ("joined", "left")
 
         return {}
 
diff --git a/synapse/replication/http/register.py b/synapse/replication/http/register.py
index 912a5ac341..f81a0f1b8f 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/http/register.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/http/register.py
@@ -37,8 +37,16 @@ class ReplicationRegisterServlet(ReplicationEndpoint):
 
     @staticmethod
     def _serialize_payload(
-        user_id, token, password_hash, was_guest, make_guest, appservice_id,
-        create_profile_with_displayname, admin, user_type, address,
+        user_id,
+        token,
+        password_hash,
+        was_guest,
+        make_guest,
+        appservice_id,
+        create_profile_with_displayname,
+        admin,
+        user_type,
+        address,
     ):
         """
         Args:
@@ -85,7 +93,7 @@ class ReplicationRegisterServlet(ReplicationEndpoint):
             create_profile_with_displayname=content["create_profile_with_displayname"],
             admin=content["admin"],
             user_type=content["user_type"],
-            address=content["address"]
+            address=content["address"],
         )
 
         defer.returnValue((200, {}))
@@ -104,8 +112,7 @@ class ReplicationPostRegisterActionsServlet(ReplicationEndpoint):
         self.registration_handler = hs.get_registration_handler()
 
     @staticmethod
-    def _serialize_payload(user_id, auth_result, access_token, bind_email,
-                           bind_msisdn):
+    def _serialize_payload(user_id, auth_result, access_token, bind_email, bind_msisdn):
         """
         Args:
             user_id (str): The user ID that consented
diff --git a/synapse/replication/http/send_event.py b/synapse/replication/http/send_event.py
index 3635015eda..034763fe99 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/http/send_event.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/http/send_event.py
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ class ReplicationSendEventRestServlet(ReplicationEndpoint):
             "extra_users": [],
         }
     """
+
     NAME = "send_event"
     PATH_ARGS = ("event_id",)
 
@@ -57,8 +58,9 @@ class ReplicationSendEventRestServlet(ReplicationEndpoint):
 
     @staticmethod
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _serialize_payload(event_id, store, event, context, requester,
-                           ratelimit, extra_users):
+    def _serialize_payload(
+        event_id, store, event, context, requester, ratelimit, extra_users
+    ):
         """
         Args:
             event_id (str)
@@ -108,14 +110,11 @@ class ReplicationSendEventRestServlet(ReplicationEndpoint):
             request.authenticated_entity = requester.user.to_string()
 
         logger.info(
-            "Got event to send with ID: %s into room: %s",
-            event.event_id, event.room_id,
+            "Got event to send with ID: %s into room: %s", event.event_id, event.room_id
         )
 
         yield self.event_creation_handler.persist_and_notify_client_event(
-            requester, event, context,
-            ratelimit=ratelimit,
-            extra_users=extra_users,
+            requester, event, context, ratelimit=ratelimit, extra_users=extra_users
         )
 
         defer.returnValue((200, {}))
diff --git a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/_base.py b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/_base.py
index 817d1f67f9..182cb2a1d8 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/_base.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/_base.py
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ class BaseSlavedStore(SQLBaseStore):
         super(BaseSlavedStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
         if isinstance(self.database_engine, PostgresEngine):
             self._cache_id_gen = SlavedIdTracker(
-                db_conn, "cache_invalidation_stream", "stream_id",
+                db_conn, "cache_invalidation_stream", "stream_id"
             )
         else:
             self._cache_id_gen = None
diff --git a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/account_data.py b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/account_data.py
index d9ba6d69b1..3c44d1d48d 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/account_data.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/account_data.py
@@ -21,10 +21,9 @@ from synapse.storage.tags import TagsWorkerStore
 
 
 class SlavedAccountDataStore(TagsWorkerStore, AccountDataWorkerStore, BaseSlavedStore):
-
     def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
         self._account_data_id_gen = SlavedIdTracker(
-            db_conn, "account_data_max_stream_id", "stream_id",
+            db_conn, "account_data_max_stream_id", "stream_id"
         )
 
         super(SlavedAccountDataStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
@@ -45,24 +44,20 @@ class SlavedAccountDataStore(TagsWorkerStore, AccountDataWorkerStore, BaseSlaved
             self._account_data_id_gen.advance(token)
             for row in rows:
                 self.get_tags_for_user.invalidate((row.user_id,))
-                self._account_data_stream_cache.entity_has_changed(
-                    row.user_id, token
-                )
+                self._account_data_stream_cache.entity_has_changed(row.user_id, token)
         elif stream_name == "account_data":
             self._account_data_id_gen.advance(token)
             for row in rows:
                 if not row.room_id:
                     self.get_global_account_data_by_type_for_user.invalidate(
-                        (row.data_type, row.user_id,)
+                        (row.data_type, row.user_id)
                     )
                 self.get_account_data_for_user.invalidate((row.user_id,))
-                self.get_account_data_for_room.invalidate((row.user_id, row.room_id,))
+                self.get_account_data_for_room.invalidate((row.user_id, row.room_id))
                 self.get_account_data_for_room_and_type.invalidate(
-                    (row.user_id, row.room_id, row.data_type,),
-                )
-                self._account_data_stream_cache.entity_has_changed(
-                    row.user_id, token
+                    (row.user_id, row.room_id, row.data_type)
                 )
+                self._account_data_stream_cache.entity_has_changed(row.user_id, token)
         return super(SlavedAccountDataStore, self).process_replication_rows(
             stream_name, token, rows
         )
diff --git a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/appservice.py b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/appservice.py
index b53a4c6bd1..cda12ea70d 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/appservice.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/appservice.py
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ from synapse.storage.appservice import (
 )
 
 
-class SlavedApplicationServiceStore(ApplicationServiceTransactionWorkerStore,
-                                    ApplicationServiceWorkerStore):
+class SlavedApplicationServiceStore(
+    ApplicationServiceTransactionWorkerStore, ApplicationServiceWorkerStore
+):
     pass
diff --git a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/client_ips.py b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/client_ips.py
index 5b8521c770..14ced32333 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/client_ips.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/client_ips.py
@@ -25,9 +25,7 @@ class SlavedClientIpStore(BaseSlavedStore):
         super(SlavedClientIpStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
 
         self.client_ip_last_seen = Cache(
-            name="client_ip_last_seen",
-            keylen=4,
-            max_entries=50000 * CACHE_SIZE_FACTOR,
+            name="client_ip_last_seen", keylen=4, max_entries=50000 * CACHE_SIZE_FACTOR
         )
 
     def insert_client_ip(self, user_id, access_token, ip, user_agent, device_id):
diff --git a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/deviceinbox.py b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/deviceinbox.py
index 4d59778863..284fd30d89 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/deviceinbox.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/deviceinbox.py
@@ -24,15 +24,15 @@ class SlavedDeviceInboxStore(DeviceInboxWorkerStore, BaseSlavedStore):
     def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
         super(SlavedDeviceInboxStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
         self._device_inbox_id_gen = SlavedIdTracker(
-            db_conn, "device_max_stream_id", "stream_id",
+            db_conn, "device_max_stream_id", "stream_id"
         )
         self._device_inbox_stream_cache = StreamChangeCache(
             "DeviceInboxStreamChangeCache",
-            self._device_inbox_id_gen.get_current_token()
+            self._device_inbox_id_gen.get_current_token(),
         )
         self._device_federation_outbox_stream_cache = StreamChangeCache(
             "DeviceFederationOutboxStreamChangeCache",
-            self._device_inbox_id_gen.get_current_token()
+            self._device_inbox_id_gen.get_current_token(),
         )
 
         self._last_device_delete_cache = ExpiringCache(
diff --git a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/devices.py b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/devices.py
index 16c9a162c5..d9300fce33 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/devices.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/devices.py
@@ -27,14 +27,14 @@ class SlavedDeviceStore(EndToEndKeyWorkerStore, DeviceWorkerStore, BaseSlavedSto
         self.hs = hs
 
         self._device_list_id_gen = SlavedIdTracker(
-            db_conn, "device_lists_stream", "stream_id",
+            db_conn, "device_lists_stream", "stream_id"
         )
         device_list_max = self._device_list_id_gen.get_current_token()
         self._device_list_stream_cache = StreamChangeCache(
-            "DeviceListStreamChangeCache", device_list_max,
+            "DeviceListStreamChangeCache", device_list_max
         )
         self._device_list_federation_stream_cache = StreamChangeCache(
-            "DeviceListFederationStreamChangeCache", device_list_max,
+            "DeviceListFederationStreamChangeCache", device_list_max
         )
 
     def stream_positions(self):
@@ -46,17 +46,13 @@ class SlavedDeviceStore(EndToEndKeyWorkerStore, DeviceWorkerStore, BaseSlavedSto
         if stream_name == "device_lists":
             self._device_list_id_gen.advance(token)
             for row in rows:
-                self._invalidate_caches_for_devices(
-                    token, row.user_id, row.destination,
-                )
+                self._invalidate_caches_for_devices(token, row.user_id, row.destination)
         return super(SlavedDeviceStore, self).process_replication_rows(
             stream_name, token, rows
         )
 
     def _invalidate_caches_for_devices(self, token, user_id, destination):
-        self._device_list_stream_cache.entity_has_changed(
-            user_id, token
-        )
+        self._device_list_stream_cache.entity_has_changed(user_id, token)
 
         if destination:
             self._device_list_federation_stream_cache.entity_has_changed(
diff --git a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/events.py b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/events.py
index a3952506c1..ab5937e638 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/events.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/events.py
@@ -45,21 +45,20 @@ logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 # the method descriptor on the DataStore and chuck them into our class.
 
 
-class SlavedEventStore(EventFederationWorkerStore,
-                       RoomMemberWorkerStore,
-                       EventPushActionsWorkerStore,
-                       StreamWorkerStore,
-                       StateGroupWorkerStore,
-                       EventsWorkerStore,
-                       SignatureWorkerStore,
-                       UserErasureWorkerStore,
-                       RelationsWorkerStore,
-                       BaseSlavedStore):
-
+class SlavedEventStore(
+    EventFederationWorkerStore,
+    RoomMemberWorkerStore,
+    EventPushActionsWorkerStore,
+    StreamWorkerStore,
+    StateGroupWorkerStore,
+    EventsWorkerStore,
+    SignatureWorkerStore,
+    UserErasureWorkerStore,
+    RelationsWorkerStore,
+    BaseSlavedStore,
+):
     def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
-        self._stream_id_gen = SlavedIdTracker(
-            db_conn, "events", "stream_ordering",
-        )
+        self._stream_id_gen = SlavedIdTracker(db_conn, "events", "stream_ordering")
         self._backfill_id_gen = SlavedIdTracker(
             db_conn, "events", "stream_ordering", step=-1
         )
@@ -90,8 +89,13 @@ class SlavedEventStore(EventFederationWorkerStore,
             self._backfill_id_gen.advance(-token)
             for row in rows:
                 self.invalidate_caches_for_event(
-                    -token, row.event_id, row.room_id, row.type, row.state_key,
-                    row.redacts, row.relates_to,
+                    -token,
+                    row.event_id,
+                    row.room_id,
+                    row.type,
+                    row.state_key,
+                    row.redacts,
+                    row.relates_to,
                     backfilled=True,
                 )
         return super(SlavedEventStore, self).process_replication_rows(
@@ -103,41 +107,48 @@ class SlavedEventStore(EventFederationWorkerStore,
 
         if row.type == EventsStreamEventRow.TypeId:
             self.invalidate_caches_for_event(
-                token, data.event_id, data.room_id, data.type, data.state_key,
-                data.redacts, data.relates_to,
+                token,
+                data.event_id,
+                data.room_id,
+                data.type,
+                data.state_key,
+                data.redacts,
+                data.relates_to,
                 backfilled=False,
             )
         elif row.type == EventsStreamCurrentStateRow.TypeId:
             if data.type == EventTypes.Member:
                 self.get_rooms_for_user_with_stream_ordering.invalidate(
-                    (data.state_key, ),
+                    (data.state_key,)
                 )
         else:
-            raise Exception("Unknown events stream row type %s" % (row.type, ))
-
-    def invalidate_caches_for_event(self, stream_ordering, event_id, room_id,
-                                    etype, state_key, redacts, relates_to,
-                                    backfilled):
+            raise Exception("Unknown events stream row type %s" % (row.type,))
+
+    def invalidate_caches_for_event(
+        self,
+        stream_ordering,
+        event_id,
+        room_id,
+        etype,
+        state_key,
+        redacts,
+        relates_to,
+        backfilled,
+    ):
         self._invalidate_get_event_cache(event_id)
 
         self.get_latest_event_ids_in_room.invalidate((room_id,))
 
-        self.get_unread_event_push_actions_by_room_for_user.invalidate_many(
-            (room_id,)
-        )
+        self.get_unread_event_push_actions_by_room_for_user.invalidate_many((room_id,))
 
         if not backfilled:
-            self._events_stream_cache.entity_has_changed(
-                room_id, stream_ordering
-            )
+            self._events_stream_cache.entity_has_changed(room_id, stream_ordering)
 
         if redacts:
             self._invalidate_get_event_cache(redacts)
 
         if etype == EventTypes.Member:
-            self._membership_stream_cache.entity_has_changed(
-                state_key, stream_ordering
-            )
+            self._membership_stream_cache.entity_has_changed(state_key, stream_ordering)
             self.get_invited_rooms_for_user.invalidate((state_key,))
 
         if relates_to:
diff --git a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/groups.py b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/groups.py
index e933b170bb..28a46edd28 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/groups.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/groups.py
@@ -27,10 +27,11 @@ class SlavedGroupServerStore(BaseSlavedStore):
         self.hs = hs
 
         self._group_updates_id_gen = SlavedIdTracker(
-            db_conn, "local_group_updates", "stream_id",
+            db_conn, "local_group_updates", "stream_id"
         )
         self._group_updates_stream_cache = StreamChangeCache(
-            "_group_updates_stream_cache", self._group_updates_id_gen.get_current_token(),
+            "_group_updates_stream_cache",
+            self._group_updates_id_gen.get_current_token(),
         )
 
     get_groups_changes_for_user = __func__(DataStore.get_groups_changes_for_user)
@@ -46,9 +47,7 @@ class SlavedGroupServerStore(BaseSlavedStore):
         if stream_name == "groups":
             self._group_updates_id_gen.advance(token)
             for row in rows:
-                self._group_updates_stream_cache.entity_has_changed(
-                    row.user_id, token
-                )
+                self._group_updates_stream_cache.entity_has_changed(row.user_id, token)
 
         return super(SlavedGroupServerStore, self).process_replication_rows(
             stream_name, token, rows
diff --git a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/presence.py b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/presence.py
index 0ec1db25ce..82d808af4c 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/presence.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/presence.py
@@ -24,9 +24,7 @@ from ._slaved_id_tracker import SlavedIdTracker
 class SlavedPresenceStore(BaseSlavedStore):
     def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
         super(SlavedPresenceStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
-        self._presence_id_gen = SlavedIdTracker(
-            db_conn, "presence_stream", "stream_id",
-        )
+        self._presence_id_gen = SlavedIdTracker(db_conn, "presence_stream", "stream_id")
 
         self._presence_on_startup = self._get_active_presence(db_conn)
 
@@ -55,9 +53,7 @@ class SlavedPresenceStore(BaseSlavedStore):
         if stream_name == "presence":
             self._presence_id_gen.advance(token)
             for row in rows:
-                self.presence_stream_cache.entity_has_changed(
-                    row.user_id, token
-                )
+                self.presence_stream_cache.entity_has_changed(row.user_id, token)
                 self._get_presence_for_user.invalidate((row.user_id,))
         return super(SlavedPresenceStore, self).process_replication_rows(
             stream_name, token, rows
diff --git a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/push_rule.py b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/push_rule.py
index 45fc913c52..af7012702e 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/push_rule.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/push_rule.py
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ from .events import SlavedEventStore
 class SlavedPushRuleStore(SlavedEventStore, PushRulesWorkerStore):
     def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
         self._push_rules_stream_id_gen = SlavedIdTracker(
-            db_conn, "push_rules_stream", "stream_id",
+            db_conn, "push_rules_stream", "stream_id"
         )
         super(SlavedPushRuleStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
 
@@ -47,9 +47,7 @@ class SlavedPushRuleStore(SlavedEventStore, PushRulesWorkerStore):
             for row in rows:
                 self.get_push_rules_for_user.invalidate((row.user_id,))
                 self.get_push_rules_enabled_for_user.invalidate((row.user_id,))
-                self.push_rules_stream_cache.entity_has_changed(
-                    row.user_id, token
-                )
+                self.push_rules_stream_cache.entity_has_changed(row.user_id, token)
         return super(SlavedPushRuleStore, self).process_replication_rows(
             stream_name, token, rows
         )
diff --git a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/pushers.py b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/pushers.py
index 3b2213c0d4..8eeb267d61 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/pushers.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/pushers.py
@@ -21,12 +21,10 @@ from ._slaved_id_tracker import SlavedIdTracker
 
 
 class SlavedPusherStore(PusherWorkerStore, BaseSlavedStore):
-
     def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
         super(SlavedPusherStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
         self._pushers_id_gen = SlavedIdTracker(
-            db_conn, "pushers", "id",
-            extra_tables=[("deleted_pushers", "stream_id")],
+            db_conn, "pushers", "id", extra_tables=[("deleted_pushers", "stream_id")]
         )
 
     def stream_positions(self):
diff --git a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/receipts.py b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/receipts.py
index ed12342f40..91afa5a72b 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/receipts.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/receipts.py
@@ -29,7 +29,6 @@ from ._slaved_id_tracker import SlavedIdTracker
 
 
 class SlavedReceiptsStore(ReceiptsWorkerStore, BaseSlavedStore):
-
     def __init__(self, db_conn, hs):
         # We instantiate this first as the ReceiptsWorkerStore constructor
         # needs to be able to call get_max_receipt_stream_id
diff --git a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/room.py b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/room.py
index 0cb474928c..f68b3378e3 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/slave/storage/room.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/slave/storage/room.py
@@ -38,6 +38,4 @@ class RoomStore(RoomWorkerStore, BaseSlavedStore):
         if stream_name == "public_rooms":
             self._public_room_id_gen.advance(token)
 
-        return super(RoomStore, self).process_replication_rows(
-            stream_name, token, rows
-        )
+        return super(RoomStore, self).process_replication_rows(stream_name, token, rows)
diff --git a/synapse/replication/tcp/client.py b/synapse/replication/tcp/client.py
index 206dc3b397..a44ceb00e7 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/tcp/client.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/tcp/client.py
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ class ReplicationClientFactory(ReconnectingClientFactory):
     Accepts a handler that will be called when new data is available or data
     is required.
     """
+
     maxDelay = 30  # Try at least once every N seconds
 
     def __init__(self, hs, client_name, handler):
@@ -64,9 +65,7 @@ class ReplicationClientFactory(ReconnectingClientFactory):
 
     def clientConnectionFailed(self, connector, reason):
         logger.error("Failed to connect to replication: %r", reason)
-        ReconnectingClientFactory.clientConnectionFailed(
-            self, connector, reason
-        )
+        ReconnectingClientFactory.clientConnectionFailed(self, connector, reason)
 
 
 class ReplicationClientHandler(object):
@@ -74,6 +73,7 @@ class ReplicationClientHandler(object):
 
     By default proxies incoming replication data to the SlaveStore.
     """
+
     def __init__(self, store):
         self.store = store
 
diff --git a/synapse/replication/tcp/commands.py b/synapse/replication/tcp/commands.py
index 2098c32a77..0ff2a7199f 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/tcp/commands.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/tcp/commands.py
@@ -23,9 +23,11 @@ import platform
 
 if platform.python_implementation() == "PyPy":
     import json
+
     _json_encoder = json.JSONEncoder()
 else:
     import simplejson as json
+
     _json_encoder = json.JSONEncoder(namedtuple_as_object=False)
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
@@ -41,6 +43,7 @@ class Command(object):
 
     The default implementation creates a command of form `<NAME> <data>`
     """
+
     NAME = None
 
     def __init__(self, data):
@@ -73,6 +76,7 @@ class ServerCommand(Command):
 
         SERVER <server_name>
     """
+
     NAME = "SERVER"
 
 
@@ -99,6 +103,7 @@ class RdataCommand(Command):
         RDATA presence batch ["@bar:example.com", "online", ...]
         RDATA presence 59 ["@baz:example.com", "online", ...]
     """
+
     NAME = "RDATA"
 
     def __init__(self, stream_name, token, row):
@@ -110,17 +115,17 @@ class RdataCommand(Command):
     def from_line(cls, line):
         stream_name, token, row_json = line.split(" ", 2)
         return cls(
-            stream_name,
-            None if token == "batch" else int(token),
-            json.loads(row_json)
+            stream_name, None if token == "batch" else int(token), json.loads(row_json)
         )
 
     def to_line(self):
-        return " ".join((
-            self.stream_name,
-            str(self.token) if self.token is not None else "batch",
-            _json_encoder.encode(self.row),
-        ))
+        return " ".join(
+            (
+                self.stream_name,
+                str(self.token) if self.token is not None else "batch",
+                _json_encoder.encode(self.row),
+            )
+        )
 
     def get_logcontext_id(self):
         return "RDATA-" + self.stream_name
@@ -133,6 +138,7 @@ class PositionCommand(Command):
     Sent to the client after all missing updates for a stream have been sent
     to the client and they're now up to date.
     """
+
     NAME = "POSITION"
 
     def __init__(self, stream_name, token):
@@ -145,19 +151,21 @@ class PositionCommand(Command):
         return cls(stream_name, int(token))
 
     def to_line(self):
-        return " ".join((self.stream_name, str(self.token),))
+        return " ".join((self.stream_name, str(self.token)))
 
 
 class ErrorCommand(Command):
     """Sent by either side if there was an ERROR. The data is a string describing
     the error.
     """
+
     NAME = "ERROR"
 
 
 class PingCommand(Command):
     """Sent by either side as a keep alive. The data is arbitary (often timestamp)
     """
+
     NAME = "PING"
 
 
@@ -165,6 +173,7 @@ class NameCommand(Command):
     """Sent by client to inform the server of the client's identity. The data
     is the name
     """
+
     NAME = "NAME"
 
 
@@ -184,6 +193,7 @@ class ReplicateCommand(Command):
 
         REPLICATE ALL NOW
     """
+
     NAME = "REPLICATE"
 
     def __init__(self, stream_name, token):
@@ -200,7 +210,7 @@ class ReplicateCommand(Command):
         return cls(stream_name, token)
 
     def to_line(self):
-        return " ".join((self.stream_name, str(self.token),))
+        return " ".join((self.stream_name, str(self.token)))
 
     def get_logcontext_id(self):
         return "REPLICATE-" + self.stream_name
@@ -218,6 +228,7 @@ class UserSyncCommand(Command):
 
     Where <state> is either "start" or "stop"
     """
+
     NAME = "USER_SYNC"
 
     def __init__(self, user_id, is_syncing, last_sync_ms):
@@ -235,9 +246,13 @@ class UserSyncCommand(Command):
         return cls(user_id, state == "start", int(last_sync_ms))
 
     def to_line(self):
-        return " ".join((
-            self.user_id, "start" if self.is_syncing else "end", str(self.last_sync_ms),
-        ))
+        return " ".join(
+            (
+                self.user_id,
+                "start" if self.is_syncing else "end",
+                str(self.last_sync_ms),
+            )
+        )
 
 
 class FederationAckCommand(Command):
@@ -251,6 +266,7 @@ class FederationAckCommand(Command):
 
         FEDERATION_ACK <token>
     """
+
     NAME = "FEDERATION_ACK"
 
     def __init__(self, token):
@@ -268,6 +284,7 @@ class SyncCommand(Command):
     """Used for testing. The client protocol implementation allows waiting
     on a SYNC command with a specified data.
     """
+
     NAME = "SYNC"
 
 
@@ -278,6 +295,7 @@ class RemovePusherCommand(Command):
 
         REMOVE_PUSHER <app_id> <push_key> <user_id>
     """
+
     NAME = "REMOVE_PUSHER"
 
     def __init__(self, app_id, push_key, user_id):
@@ -309,6 +327,7 @@ class InvalidateCacheCommand(Command):
 
     Where <keys_json> is a json list.
     """
+
     NAME = "INVALIDATE_CACHE"
 
     def __init__(self, cache_func, keys):
@@ -322,9 +341,7 @@ class InvalidateCacheCommand(Command):
         return cls(cache_func, json.loads(keys_json))
 
     def to_line(self):
-        return " ".join((
-            self.cache_func, _json_encoder.encode(self.keys),
-        ))
+        return " ".join((self.cache_func, _json_encoder.encode(self.keys)))
 
 
 class UserIpCommand(Command):
@@ -334,6 +351,7 @@ class UserIpCommand(Command):
 
         USER_IP <user_id>, <access_token>, <ip>, <device_id>, <last_seen>, <user_agent>
     """
+
     NAME = "USER_IP"
 
     def __init__(self, user_id, access_token, ip, user_agent, device_id, last_seen):
@@ -350,15 +368,22 @@ class UserIpCommand(Command):
 
         access_token, ip, user_agent, device_id, last_seen = json.loads(jsn)
 
-        return cls(
-            user_id, access_token, ip, user_agent, device_id, last_seen
-        )
+        return cls(user_id, access_token, ip, user_agent, device_id, last_seen)
 
     def to_line(self):
-        return self.user_id + " " + _json_encoder.encode((
-            self.access_token, self.ip, self.user_agent, self.device_id,
-            self.last_seen,
-        ))
+        return (
+            self.user_id
+            + " "
+            + _json_encoder.encode(
+                (
+                    self.access_token,
+                    self.ip,
+                    self.user_agent,
+                    self.device_id,
+                    self.last_seen,
+                )
+            )
+        )
 
 
 # Map of command name to command type.
diff --git a/synapse/replication/tcp/protocol.py b/synapse/replication/tcp/protocol.py
index b51590cf8f..97efb835ad 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/tcp/protocol.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/tcp/protocol.py
@@ -84,7 +84,8 @@ from .commands import (
 from .streams import STREAMS_MAP
 
 connection_close_counter = Counter(
-    "synapse_replication_tcp_protocol_close_reason", "", ["reason_type"])
+    "synapse_replication_tcp_protocol_close_reason", "", ["reason_type"]
+)
 
 # A list of all connected protocols. This allows us to send metrics about the
 # connections.
@@ -119,7 +120,8 @@ class BaseReplicationStreamProtocol(LineOnlyReceiver):
     It also sends `PING` periodically, and correctly times out remote connections
     (if they send a `PING` command)
     """
-    delimiter = b'\n'
+
+    delimiter = b"\n"
 
     VALID_INBOUND_COMMANDS = []  # Valid commands we expect to receive
     VALID_OUTBOUND_COMMANDS = []  # Valid commans we can send
@@ -183,10 +185,14 @@ class BaseReplicationStreamProtocol(LineOnlyReceiver):
             if now - self.last_sent_command >= PING_TIME:
                 self.send_command(PingCommand(now))
 
-            if self.received_ping and now - self.last_received_command > PING_TIMEOUT_MS:
+            if (
+                self.received_ping
+                and now - self.last_received_command > PING_TIMEOUT_MS
+            ):
                 logger.info(
                     "[%s] Connection hasn't received command in %r ms. Closing.",
-                    self.id(), now - self.last_received_command
+                    self.id(),
+                    now - self.last_received_command,
                 )
                 self.send_error("ping timeout")
 
@@ -208,7 +214,8 @@ class BaseReplicationStreamProtocol(LineOnlyReceiver):
         self.last_received_command = self.clock.time_msec()
 
         self.inbound_commands_counter[cmd_name] = (
-            self.inbound_commands_counter[cmd_name] + 1)
+            self.inbound_commands_counter[cmd_name] + 1
+        )
 
         cmd_cls = COMMAND_MAP[cmd_name]
         try:
@@ -224,9 +231,7 @@ class BaseReplicationStreamProtocol(LineOnlyReceiver):
 
         # Now lets try and call on_<CMD_NAME> function
         run_as_background_process(
-            "replication-" + cmd.get_logcontext_id(),
-            self.handle_command,
-            cmd,
+            "replication-" + cmd.get_logcontext_id(), self.handle_command, cmd
         )
 
     def handle_command(self, cmd):
@@ -274,8 +279,9 @@ class BaseReplicationStreamProtocol(LineOnlyReceiver):
             return
 
         self.outbound_commands_counter[cmd.NAME] = (
-            self.outbound_commands_counter[cmd.NAME] + 1)
-        string = "%s %s" % (cmd.NAME, cmd.to_line(),)
+            self.outbound_commands_counter[cmd.NAME] + 1
+        )
+        string = "%s %s" % (cmd.NAME, cmd.to_line())
         if "\n" in string:
             raise Exception("Unexpected newline in command: %r", string)
 
@@ -283,10 +289,8 @@ class BaseReplicationStreamProtocol(LineOnlyReceiver):
 
         if len(encoded_string) > self.MAX_LENGTH:
             raise Exception(
-                "Failed to send command %s as too long (%d > %d)" % (
-                    cmd.NAME,
-                    len(encoded_string), self.MAX_LENGTH,
-                )
+                "Failed to send command %s as too long (%d > %d)"
+                % (cmd.NAME, len(encoded_string), self.MAX_LENGTH)
             )
 
         self.sendLine(encoded_string)
@@ -379,7 +383,9 @@ class BaseReplicationStreamProtocol(LineOnlyReceiver):
         if self.transport:
             addr = str(self.transport.getPeer())
         return "ReplicationConnection<name=%s,conn_id=%s,addr=%s>" % (
-            self.name, self.conn_id, addr,
+            self.name,
+            self.conn_id,
+            addr,
         )
 
     def id(self):
@@ -422,7 +428,7 @@ class ServerReplicationStreamProtocol(BaseReplicationStreamProtocol):
 
     def on_USER_SYNC(self, cmd):
         return self.streamer.on_user_sync(
-            self.conn_id, cmd.user_id, cmd.is_syncing, cmd.last_sync_ms,
+            self.conn_id, cmd.user_id, cmd.is_syncing, cmd.last_sync_ms
         )
 
     def on_REPLICATE(self, cmd):
@@ -432,10 +438,7 @@ class ServerReplicationStreamProtocol(BaseReplicationStreamProtocol):
         if stream_name == "ALL":
             # Subscribe to all streams we're publishing to.
             deferreds = [
-                run_in_background(
-                    self.subscribe_to_stream,
-                    stream, token,
-                )
+                run_in_background(self.subscribe_to_stream, stream, token)
                 for stream in iterkeys(self.streamer.streams_by_name)
             ]
 
@@ -449,16 +452,18 @@ class ServerReplicationStreamProtocol(BaseReplicationStreamProtocol):
         return self.streamer.federation_ack(cmd.token)
 
     def on_REMOVE_PUSHER(self, cmd):
-        return self.streamer.on_remove_pusher(
-            cmd.app_id, cmd.push_key, cmd.user_id,
-        )
+        return self.streamer.on_remove_pusher(cmd.app_id, cmd.push_key, cmd.user_id)
 
     def on_INVALIDATE_CACHE(self, cmd):
         return self.streamer.on_invalidate_cache(cmd.cache_func, cmd.keys)
 
     def on_USER_IP(self, cmd):
         return self.streamer.on_user_ip(
-            cmd.user_id, cmd.access_token, cmd.ip, cmd.user_agent, cmd.device_id,
+            cmd.user_id,
+            cmd.access_token,
+            cmd.ip,
+            cmd.user_agent,
+            cmd.device_id,
             cmd.last_seen,
         )
 
@@ -476,7 +481,7 @@ class ServerReplicationStreamProtocol(BaseReplicationStreamProtocol):
         try:
             # Get missing updates
             updates, current_token = yield self.streamer.get_stream_updates(
-                stream_name, token,
+                stream_name, token
             )
 
             # Send all the missing updates
@@ -608,8 +613,7 @@ class ClientReplicationStreamProtocol(BaseReplicationStreamProtocol):
             row = STREAMS_MAP[stream_name].parse_row(cmd.row)
         except Exception:
             logger.exception(
-                "[%s] Failed to parse RDATA: %r %r",
-                self.id(), stream_name, cmd.row
+                "[%s] Failed to parse RDATA: %r %r", self.id(), stream_name, cmd.row
             )
             raise
 
@@ -643,7 +647,9 @@ class ClientReplicationStreamProtocol(BaseReplicationStreamProtocol):
 
         logger.info(
             "[%s] Subscribing to replication stream: %r from %r",
-            self.id(), stream_name, token
+            self.id(),
+            stream_name,
+            token,
         )
 
         self.streams_connecting.add(stream_name)
@@ -661,9 +667,7 @@ pending_commands = LaterGauge(
     "synapse_replication_tcp_protocol_pending_commands",
     "",
     ["name"],
-    lambda: {
-        (p.name,): len(p.pending_commands) for p in connected_connections
-    },
+    lambda: {(p.name,): len(p.pending_commands) for p in connected_connections},
 )
 
 
@@ -678,9 +682,7 @@ transport_send_buffer = LaterGauge(
     "synapse_replication_tcp_protocol_transport_send_buffer",
     "",
     ["name"],
-    lambda: {
-        (p.name,): transport_buffer_size(p) for p in connected_connections
-    },
+    lambda: {(p.name,): transport_buffer_size(p) for p in connected_connections},
 )
 
 
@@ -694,7 +696,7 @@ def transport_kernel_read_buffer_size(protocol, read=True):
             op = SIOCINQ
         else:
             op = SIOCOUTQ
-        size = struct.unpack("I", fcntl.ioctl(fileno, op, '\0\0\0\0'))[0]
+        size = struct.unpack("I", fcntl.ioctl(fileno, op, "\0\0\0\0"))[0]
         return size
     return 0
 
@@ -726,7 +728,7 @@ tcp_inbound_commands = LaterGauge(
     "",
     ["command", "name"],
     lambda: {
-        (k, p.name,): count
+        (k, p.name): count
         for p in connected_connections
         for k, count in iteritems(p.inbound_commands_counter)
     },
@@ -737,7 +739,7 @@ tcp_outbound_commands = LaterGauge(
     "",
     ["command", "name"],
     lambda: {
-        (k, p.name,): count
+        (k, p.name): count
         for p in connected_connections
         for k, count in iteritems(p.outbound_commands_counter)
     },
diff --git a/synapse/replication/tcp/resource.py b/synapse/replication/tcp/resource.py
index f6a38f5140..d1e98428bc 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/tcp/resource.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/tcp/resource.py
@@ -33,13 +33,15 @@ from .protocol import ServerReplicationStreamProtocol
 from .streams import STREAMS_MAP
 from .streams.federation import FederationStream
 
-stream_updates_counter = Counter("synapse_replication_tcp_resource_stream_updates",
-                                 "", ["stream_name"])
+stream_updates_counter = Counter(
+    "synapse_replication_tcp_resource_stream_updates", "", ["stream_name"]
+)
 user_sync_counter = Counter("synapse_replication_tcp_resource_user_sync", "")
 federation_ack_counter = Counter("synapse_replication_tcp_resource_federation_ack", "")
 remove_pusher_counter = Counter("synapse_replication_tcp_resource_remove_pusher", "")
-invalidate_cache_counter = Counter("synapse_replication_tcp_resource_invalidate_cache",
-                                   "")
+invalidate_cache_counter = Counter(
+    "synapse_replication_tcp_resource_invalidate_cache", ""
+)
 user_ip_cache_counter = Counter("synapse_replication_tcp_resource_user_ip_cache", "")
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
@@ -48,6 +50,7 @@ logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 class ReplicationStreamProtocolFactory(Factory):
     """Factory for new replication connections.
     """
+
     def __init__(self, hs):
         self.streamer = ReplicationStreamer(hs)
         self.clock = hs.get_clock()
@@ -55,9 +58,7 @@ class ReplicationStreamProtocolFactory(Factory):
 
     def buildProtocol(self, addr):
         return ServerReplicationStreamProtocol(
-            self.server_name,
-            self.clock,
-            self.streamer,
+            self.server_name, self.clock, self.streamer
         )
 
 
@@ -80,29 +81,39 @@ class ReplicationStreamer(object):
         # Current connections.
         self.connections = []
 
-        LaterGauge("synapse_replication_tcp_resource_total_connections", "", [],
-                   lambda: len(self.connections))
+        LaterGauge(
+            "synapse_replication_tcp_resource_total_connections",
+            "",
+            [],
+            lambda: len(self.connections),
+        )
 
         # List of streams that clients can subscribe to.
         # We only support federation stream if federation sending hase been
         # disabled on the master.
         self.streams = [
-            stream(hs) for stream in itervalues(STREAMS_MAP)
+            stream(hs)
+            for stream in itervalues(STREAMS_MAP)
             if stream != FederationStream or not hs.config.send_federation
         ]
 
         self.streams_by_name = {stream.NAME: stream for stream in self.streams}
 
         LaterGauge(
-            "synapse_replication_tcp_resource_connections_per_stream", "",
+            "synapse_replication_tcp_resource_connections_per_stream",
+            "",
             ["stream_name"],
             lambda: {
-                (stream_name,): len([
-                    conn for conn in self.connections
-                    if stream_name in conn.replication_streams
-                ])
+                (stream_name,): len(
+                    [
+                        conn
+                        for conn in self.connections
+                        if stream_name in conn.replication_streams
+                    ]
+                )
                 for stream_name in self.streams_by_name
-            })
+            },
+        )
 
         self.federation_sender = None
         if not hs.config.send_federation:
@@ -179,7 +190,9 @@ class ReplicationStreamer(object):
 
                         logger.debug(
                             "Getting stream: %s: %s -> %s",
-                            stream.NAME, stream.last_token, stream.upto_token
+                            stream.NAME,
+                            stream.last_token,
+                            stream.upto_token,
                         )
                         try:
                             updates, current_token = yield stream.get_updates()
@@ -189,7 +202,8 @@ class ReplicationStreamer(object):
 
                         logger.debug(
                             "Sending %d updates to %d connections",
-                            len(updates), len(self.connections),
+                            len(updates),
+                            len(self.connections),
                         )
 
                         if updates:
@@ -243,7 +257,7 @@ class ReplicationStreamer(object):
         """
         user_sync_counter.inc()
         yield self.presence_handler.update_external_syncs_row(
-            conn_id, user_id, is_syncing, last_sync_ms,
+            conn_id, user_id, is_syncing, last_sync_ms
         )
 
     @measure_func("repl.on_remove_pusher")
@@ -272,7 +286,7 @@ class ReplicationStreamer(object):
         """
         user_ip_cache_counter.inc()
         yield self.store.insert_client_ip(
-            user_id, access_token, ip, user_agent, device_id, last_seen,
+            user_id, access_token, ip, user_agent, device_id, last_seen
         )
         yield self._server_notices_sender.on_user_ip(user_id)
 
diff --git a/synapse/replication/tcp/streams/_base.py b/synapse/replication/tcp/streams/_base.py
index b6ce7a7bee..7ef67a5a73 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/tcp/streams/_base.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/tcp/streams/_base.py
@@ -26,78 +26,75 @@ logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 MAX_EVENTS_BEHIND = 10000
 
-BackfillStreamRow = namedtuple("BackfillStreamRow", (
-    "event_id",  # str
-    "room_id",  # str
-    "type",  # str
-    "state_key",  # str, optional
-    "redacts",  # str, optional
-    "relates_to",  # str, optional
-))
-PresenceStreamRow = namedtuple("PresenceStreamRow", (
-    "user_id",  # str
-    "state",  # str
-    "last_active_ts",  # int
-    "last_federation_update_ts",  # int
-    "last_user_sync_ts",  # int
-    "status_msg",   # str
-    "currently_active",  # bool
-))
-TypingStreamRow = namedtuple("TypingStreamRow", (
-    "room_id",  # str
-    "user_ids",  # list(str)
-))
-ReceiptsStreamRow = namedtuple("ReceiptsStreamRow", (
-    "room_id",  # str
-    "receipt_type",  # str
-    "user_id",  # str
-    "event_id",  # str
-    "data",  # dict
-))
-PushRulesStreamRow = namedtuple("PushRulesStreamRow", (
-    "user_id",  # str
-))
-PushersStreamRow = namedtuple("PushersStreamRow", (
-    "user_id",  # str
-    "app_id",  # str
-    "pushkey",  # str
-    "deleted",  # bool
-))
-CachesStreamRow = namedtuple("CachesStreamRow", (
-    "cache_func",  # str
-    "keys",  # list(str)
-    "invalidation_ts",  # int
-))
-PublicRoomsStreamRow = namedtuple("PublicRoomsStreamRow", (
-    "room_id",  # str
-    "visibility",  # str
-    "appservice_id",  # str, optional
-    "network_id",  # str, optional
-))
-DeviceListsStreamRow = namedtuple("DeviceListsStreamRow", (
-    "user_id",  # str
-    "destination",  # str
-))
-ToDeviceStreamRow = namedtuple("ToDeviceStreamRow", (
-    "entity",  # str
-))
-TagAccountDataStreamRow = namedtuple("TagAccountDataStreamRow", (
-    "user_id",  # str
-    "room_id",  # str
-    "data",  # dict
-))
-AccountDataStreamRow = namedtuple("AccountDataStream", (
-    "user_id",  # str
-    "room_id",  # str
-    "data_type",  # str
-    "data",  # dict
-))
-GroupsStreamRow = namedtuple("GroupsStreamRow", (
-    "group_id",  # str
-    "user_id",  # str
-    "type",  # str
-    "content",  # dict
-))
+BackfillStreamRow = namedtuple(
+    "BackfillStreamRow",
+    (
+        "event_id",  # str
+        "room_id",  # str
+        "type",  # str
+        "state_key",  # str, optional
+        "redacts",  # str, optional
+        "relates_to",  # str, optional
+    ),
+)
+PresenceStreamRow = namedtuple(
+    "PresenceStreamRow",
+    (
+        "user_id",  # str
+        "state",  # str
+        "last_active_ts",  # int
+        "last_federation_update_ts",  # int
+        "last_user_sync_ts",  # int
+        "status_msg",  # str
+        "currently_active",  # bool
+    ),
+)
+TypingStreamRow = namedtuple(
+    "TypingStreamRow", ("room_id", "user_ids")  # str  # list(str)
+)
+ReceiptsStreamRow = namedtuple(
+    "ReceiptsStreamRow",
+    (
+        "room_id",  # str
+        "receipt_type",  # str
+        "user_id",  # str
+        "event_id",  # str
+        "data",  # dict
+    ),
+)
+PushRulesStreamRow = namedtuple("PushRulesStreamRow", ("user_id",))  # str
+PushersStreamRow = namedtuple(
+    "PushersStreamRow",
+    ("user_id", "app_id", "pushkey", "deleted"),  # str  # str  # str  # bool
+)
+CachesStreamRow = namedtuple(
+    "CachesStreamRow",
+    ("cache_func", "keys", "invalidation_ts"),  # str  # list(str)  # int
+)
+PublicRoomsStreamRow = namedtuple(
+    "PublicRoomsStreamRow",
+    (
+        "room_id",  # str
+        "visibility",  # str
+        "appservice_id",  # str, optional
+        "network_id",  # str, optional
+    ),
+)
+DeviceListsStreamRow = namedtuple(
+    "DeviceListsStreamRow", ("user_id", "destination")  # str  # str
+)
+ToDeviceStreamRow = namedtuple("ToDeviceStreamRow", ("entity",))  # str
+TagAccountDataStreamRow = namedtuple(
+    "TagAccountDataStreamRow", ("user_id", "room_id", "data")  # str  # str  # dict
+)
+AccountDataStreamRow = namedtuple(
+    "AccountDataStream",
+    ("user_id", "room_id", "data_type", "data"),  # str  # str  # str  # dict
+)
+GroupsStreamRow = namedtuple(
+    "GroupsStreamRow",
+    ("group_id", "user_id", "type", "content"),  # str  # str  # str  # dict
+)
 
 
 class Stream(object):
@@ -106,6 +103,7 @@ class Stream(object):
     Provides a `get_updates()` function that returns new updates since the last
     time it was called up until the point `advance_current_token` was called.
     """
+
     NAME = None  # The name of the stream
     ROW_TYPE = None  # The type of the row. Used by the default impl of parse_row.
     _LIMITED = True  # Whether the update function takes a limit
@@ -185,16 +183,13 @@ class Stream(object):
 
         if self._LIMITED:
             rows = yield self.update_function(
-                from_token, current_token,
-                limit=MAX_EVENTS_BEHIND + 1,
+                from_token, current_token, limit=MAX_EVENTS_BEHIND + 1
             )
 
             # never turn more than MAX_EVENTS_BEHIND + 1 into updates.
             rows = itertools.islice(rows, MAX_EVENTS_BEHIND + 1)
         else:
-            rows = yield self.update_function(
-                from_token, current_token,
-            )
+            rows = yield self.update_function(from_token, current_token)
 
         updates = [(row[0], row[1:]) for row in rows]
 
@@ -230,6 +225,7 @@ class BackfillStream(Stream):
     """We fetched some old events and either we had never seen that event before
     or it went from being an outlier to not.
     """
+
     NAME = "backfill"
     ROW_TYPE = BackfillStreamRow
 
@@ -286,6 +282,7 @@ class ReceiptsStream(Stream):
 class PushRulesStream(Stream):
     """A user has changed their push rules
     """
+
     NAME = "push_rules"
     ROW_TYPE = PushRulesStreamRow
 
@@ -306,6 +303,7 @@ class PushRulesStream(Stream):
 class PushersStream(Stream):
     """A user has added/changed/removed a pusher
     """
+
     NAME = "pushers"
     ROW_TYPE = PushersStreamRow
 
@@ -322,6 +320,7 @@ class CachesStream(Stream):
     """A cache was invalidated on the master and no other stream would invalidate
     the cache on the workers
     """
+
     NAME = "caches"
     ROW_TYPE = CachesStreamRow
 
@@ -337,6 +336,7 @@ class CachesStream(Stream):
 class PublicRoomsStream(Stream):
     """The public rooms list changed
     """
+
     NAME = "public_rooms"
     ROW_TYPE = PublicRoomsStreamRow
 
@@ -352,6 +352,7 @@ class PublicRoomsStream(Stream):
 class DeviceListsStream(Stream):
     """Someone added/changed/removed a device
     """
+
     NAME = "device_lists"
     _LIMITED = False
     ROW_TYPE = DeviceListsStreamRow
@@ -368,6 +369,7 @@ class DeviceListsStream(Stream):
 class ToDeviceStream(Stream):
     """New to_device messages for a client
     """
+
     NAME = "to_device"
     ROW_TYPE = ToDeviceStreamRow
 
@@ -383,6 +385,7 @@ class ToDeviceStream(Stream):
 class TagAccountDataStream(Stream):
     """Someone added/removed a tag for a room
     """
+
     NAME = "tag_account_data"
     ROW_TYPE = TagAccountDataStreamRow
 
@@ -398,6 +401,7 @@ class TagAccountDataStream(Stream):
 class AccountDataStream(Stream):
     """Global or per room account data was changed
     """
+
     NAME = "account_data"
     ROW_TYPE = AccountDataStreamRow
 
@@ -416,7 +420,7 @@ class AccountDataStream(Stream):
 
         results = list(room_results)
         results.extend(
-            (stream_id, user_id, None, account_data_type, content,)
+            (stream_id, user_id, None, account_data_type, content)
             for stream_id, user_id, account_data_type, content in global_results
         )
 
diff --git a/synapse/replication/tcp/streams/events.py b/synapse/replication/tcp/streams/events.py
index f1290d022a..3d0694bb11 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/tcp/streams/events.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/tcp/streams/events.py
@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@ data part are:
 @attr.s(slots=True, frozen=True)
 class EventsStreamRow(object):
     """A parsed row from the events replication stream"""
+
     type = attr.ib()  # str: the TypeId of one of the *EventsStreamRows
     data = attr.ib()  # BaseEventsStreamRow
 
@@ -80,11 +81,11 @@ class BaseEventsStreamRow(object):
 class EventsStreamEventRow(BaseEventsStreamRow):
     TypeId = "ev"
 
-    event_id = attr.ib()    # str
-    room_id = attr.ib()     # str
-    type = attr.ib()        # str
-    state_key = attr.ib()   # str, optional
-    redacts = attr.ib()     # str, optional
+    event_id = attr.ib()  # str
+    room_id = attr.ib()  # str
+    type = attr.ib()  # str
+    state_key = attr.ib()  # str, optional
+    redacts = attr.ib()  # str, optional
     relates_to = attr.ib()  # str, optional
 
 
@@ -92,24 +93,21 @@ class EventsStreamEventRow(BaseEventsStreamRow):
 class EventsStreamCurrentStateRow(BaseEventsStreamRow):
     TypeId = "state"
 
-    room_id = attr.ib()    # str
-    type = attr.ib()       # str
+    room_id = attr.ib()  # str
+    type = attr.ib()  # str
     state_key = attr.ib()  # str
-    event_id = attr.ib()   # str, optional
+    event_id = attr.ib()  # str, optional
 
 
 TypeToRow = {
-    Row.TypeId: Row
-    for Row in (
-        EventsStreamEventRow,
-        EventsStreamCurrentStateRow,
-    )
+    Row.TypeId: Row for Row in (EventsStreamEventRow, EventsStreamCurrentStateRow)
 }
 
 
 class EventsStream(Stream):
     """We received a new event, or an event went from being an outlier to not
     """
+
     NAME = "events"
 
     def __init__(self, hs):
@@ -121,19 +119,17 @@ class EventsStream(Stream):
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def update_function(self, from_token, current_token, limit=None):
         event_rows = yield self._store.get_all_new_forward_event_rows(
-            from_token, current_token, limit,
+            from_token, current_token, limit
         )
         event_updates = (
-            (row[0], EventsStreamEventRow.TypeId, row[1:])
-            for row in event_rows
+            (row[0], EventsStreamEventRow.TypeId, row[1:]) for row in event_rows
         )
 
         state_rows = yield self._store.get_all_updated_current_state_deltas(
             from_token, current_token, limit
         )
         state_updates = (
-            (row[0], EventsStreamCurrentStateRow.TypeId, row[1:])
-            for row in state_rows
+            (row[0], EventsStreamCurrentStateRow.TypeId, row[1:]) for row in state_rows
         )
 
         all_updates = heapq.merge(event_updates, state_updates)
diff --git a/synapse/replication/tcp/streams/federation.py b/synapse/replication/tcp/streams/federation.py
index 9aa43aa8d2..dc2484109d 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/tcp/streams/federation.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/tcp/streams/federation.py
@@ -17,16 +17,20 @@ from collections import namedtuple
 
 from ._base import Stream
 
-FederationStreamRow = namedtuple("FederationStreamRow", (
-    "type",  # str, the type of data as defined in the BaseFederationRows
-    "data",  # dict, serialization of a federation.send_queue.BaseFederationRow
-))
+FederationStreamRow = namedtuple(
+    "FederationStreamRow",
+    (
+        "type",  # str, the type of data as defined in the BaseFederationRows
+        "data",  # dict, serialization of a federation.send_queue.BaseFederationRow
+    ),
+)
 
 
 class FederationStream(Stream):
     """Data to be sent over federation. Only available when master has federation
     sending disabled.
     """
+
     NAME = "federation"
     ROW_TYPE = FederationStreamRow
 
diff --git a/synapse/rest/__init__.py b/synapse/rest/__init__.py
index 195f103cdd..f161bc51a5 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/__init__.py
@@ -67,6 +67,7 @@ class ClientRestResource(JsonResource):
        * /_matrix/client/unstable
        * etc
     """
+
     def __init__(self, hs):
         JsonResource.__init__(self, hs, canonical_json=False)
         self.register_servlets(self, hs)
diff --git a/synapse/rest/admin/__init__.py b/synapse/rest/admin/__init__.py
index d6c4dcdb18..9843a902c6 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/admin/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/admin/__init__.py
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ def historical_admin_path_patterns(path_regex):
             "^/_synapse/admin/v1",
             "^/_matrix/client/api/v1/admin",
             "^/_matrix/client/unstable/admin",
-            "^/_matrix/client/r0/admin"
+            "^/_matrix/client/r0/admin",
         )
     )
 
@@ -88,12 +88,12 @@ class UsersRestServlet(RestServlet):
 
 
 class VersionServlet(RestServlet):
-    PATTERNS = (re.compile("^/_synapse/admin/v1/server_version$"), )
+    PATTERNS = (re.compile("^/_synapse/admin/v1/server_version$"),)
 
     def __init__(self, hs):
         self.res = {
-            'server_version': get_version_string(synapse),
-            'python_version': platform.python_version(),
+            "server_version": get_version_string(synapse),
+            "python_version": platform.python_version(),
         }
 
     def on_GET(self, request):
@@ -107,6 +107,7 @@ class UserRegisterServlet(RestServlet):
          nonces (dict[str, int]): The nonces that we will accept. A dict of
              nonce to the time it was generated, in int seconds.
     """
+
     PATTERNS = historical_admin_path_patterns("/register")
     NONCE_TIMEOUT = 60
 
@@ -146,28 +147,24 @@ class UserRegisterServlet(RestServlet):
         body = parse_json_object_from_request(request)
 
         if "nonce" not in body:
-            raise SynapseError(
-                400, "nonce must be specified", errcode=Codes.BAD_JSON,
-            )
+            raise SynapseError(400, "nonce must be specified", errcode=Codes.BAD_JSON)
 
         nonce = body["nonce"]
 
         if nonce not in self.nonces:
-            raise SynapseError(
-                400, "unrecognised nonce",
-            )
+            raise SynapseError(400, "unrecognised nonce")
 
         # Delete the nonce, so it can't be reused, even if it's invalid
         del self.nonces[nonce]
 
         if "username" not in body:
             raise SynapseError(
-                400, "username must be specified", errcode=Codes.BAD_JSON,
+                400, "username must be specified", errcode=Codes.BAD_JSON
             )
         else:
             if (
-                not isinstance(body['username'], text_type)
-                or len(body['username']) > 512
+                not isinstance(body["username"], text_type)
+                or len(body["username"]) > 512
             ):
                 raise SynapseError(400, "Invalid username")
 
@@ -177,12 +174,12 @@ class UserRegisterServlet(RestServlet):
 
         if "password" not in body:
             raise SynapseError(
-                400, "password must be specified", errcode=Codes.BAD_JSON,
+                400, "password must be specified", errcode=Codes.BAD_JSON
             )
         else:
             if (
-                not isinstance(body['password'], text_type)
-                or len(body['password']) > 512
+                not isinstance(body["password"], text_type)
+                or len(body["password"]) > 512
             ):
                 raise SynapseError(400, "Invalid password")
 
@@ -202,7 +199,7 @@ class UserRegisterServlet(RestServlet):
             key=self.hs.config.registration_shared_secret.encode(),
             digestmod=hashlib.sha1,
         )
-        want_mac.update(nonce.encode('utf8'))
+        want_mac.update(nonce.encode("utf8"))
         want_mac.update(b"\x00")
         want_mac.update(username)
         want_mac.update(b"\x00")
@@ -211,13 +208,10 @@ class UserRegisterServlet(RestServlet):
         want_mac.update(b"admin" if admin else b"notadmin")
         if user_type:
             want_mac.update(b"\x00")
-            want_mac.update(user_type.encode('utf8'))
+            want_mac.update(user_type.encode("utf8"))
         want_mac = want_mac.hexdigest()
 
-        if not hmac.compare_digest(
-                want_mac.encode('ascii'),
-                got_mac.encode('ascii')
-        ):
+        if not hmac.compare_digest(want_mac.encode("ascii"), got_mac.encode("ascii")):
             raise SynapseError(403, "HMAC incorrect")
 
         # Reuse the parts of RegisterRestServlet to reduce code duplication
@@ -226,7 +220,7 @@ class UserRegisterServlet(RestServlet):
         register = RegisterRestServlet(self.hs)
 
         (user_id, _) = yield register.registration_handler.register(
-            localpart=body['username'].lower(),
+            localpart=body["username"].lower(),
             password=body["password"],
             admin=bool(admin),
             generate_token=False,
@@ -308,7 +302,7 @@ class PurgeHistoryRestServlet(RestServlet):
         # user can provide an event_id in the URL or the request body, or can
         # provide a timestamp in the request body.
         if event_id is None:
-            event_id = body.get('purge_up_to_event_id')
+            event_id = body.get("purge_up_to_event_id")
 
         if event_id is not None:
             event = yield self.store.get_event(event_id)
@@ -318,44 +312,39 @@ class PurgeHistoryRestServlet(RestServlet):
 
             token = yield self.store.get_topological_token_for_event(event_id)
 
-            logger.info(
-                "[purge] purging up to token %s (event_id %s)",
-                token, event_id,
-            )
-        elif 'purge_up_to_ts' in body:
-            ts = body['purge_up_to_ts']
+            logger.info("[purge] purging up to token %s (event_id %s)", token, event_id)
+        elif "purge_up_to_ts" in body:
+            ts = body["purge_up_to_ts"]
             if not isinstance(ts, int):
                 raise SynapseError(
-                    400, "purge_up_to_ts must be an int",
-                    errcode=Codes.BAD_JSON,
+                    400, "purge_up_to_ts must be an int", errcode=Codes.BAD_JSON
                 )
 
-            stream_ordering = (
-                yield self.store.find_first_stream_ordering_after_ts(ts)
-            )
+            stream_ordering = (yield self.store.find_first_stream_ordering_after_ts(ts))
 
             r = (
                 yield self.store.get_room_event_after_stream_ordering(
-                    room_id, stream_ordering,
+                    room_id, stream_ordering
                 )
             )
             if not r:
                 logger.warn(
                     "[purge] purging events not possible: No event found "
                     "(received_ts %i => stream_ordering %i)",
-                    ts, stream_ordering,
+                    ts,
+                    stream_ordering,
                 )
                 raise SynapseError(
-                    404,
-                    "there is no event to be purged",
-                    errcode=Codes.NOT_FOUND,
+                    404, "there is no event to be purged", errcode=Codes.NOT_FOUND
                 )
             (stream, topo, _event_id) = r
             token = "t%d-%d" % (topo, stream)
             logger.info(
                 "[purge] purging up to token %s (received_ts %i => "
                 "stream_ordering %i)",
-                token, ts, stream_ordering,
+                token,
+                ts,
+                stream_ordering,
             )
         else:
             raise SynapseError(
@@ -365,13 +354,10 @@ class PurgeHistoryRestServlet(RestServlet):
             )
 
         purge_id = yield self.pagination_handler.start_purge_history(
-            room_id, token,
-            delete_local_events=delete_local_events,
+            room_id, token, delete_local_events=delete_local_events
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, {
-            "purge_id": purge_id,
-        }))
+        defer.returnValue((200, {"purge_id": purge_id}))
 
 
 class PurgeHistoryStatusRestServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -421,16 +407,14 @@ class DeactivateAccountRestServlet(RestServlet):
         UserID.from_string(target_user_id)
 
         result = yield self._deactivate_account_handler.deactivate_account(
-            target_user_id, erase,
+            target_user_id, erase
         )
         if result:
             id_server_unbind_result = "success"
         else:
             id_server_unbind_result = "no-support"
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, {
-            "id_server_unbind_result": id_server_unbind_result,
-        }))
+        defer.returnValue((200, {"id_server_unbind_result": id_server_unbind_result}))
 
 
 class ShutdownRoomRestServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -439,6 +423,7 @@ class ShutdownRoomRestServlet(RestServlet):
     to a new room created by `new_room_user_id` and kicked users will be auto
     joined to the new room.
     """
+
     PATTERNS = historical_admin_path_patterns("/shutdown_room/(?P<room_id>[^/]+)")
 
     DEFAULT_MESSAGE = (
@@ -474,9 +459,7 @@ class ShutdownRoomRestServlet(RestServlet):
             config={
                 "preset": "public_chat",
                 "name": room_name,
-                "power_level_content_override": {
-                    "users_default": -10,
-                },
+                "power_level_content_override": {"users_default": -10},
             },
             ratelimit=False,
         )
@@ -485,8 +468,7 @@ class ShutdownRoomRestServlet(RestServlet):
         requester_user_id = requester.user.to_string()
 
         logger.info(
-            "Shutting down room %r, joining to new room: %r",
-            room_id, new_room_id,
+            "Shutting down room %r, joining to new room: %r", room_id, new_room_id
         )
 
         # This will work even if the room is already blocked, but that is
@@ -529,7 +511,7 @@ class ShutdownRoomRestServlet(RestServlet):
                 kicked_users.append(user_id)
             except Exception:
                 logger.exception(
-                    "Failed to leave old room and join new room for %r", user_id,
+                    "Failed to leave old room and join new room for %r", user_id
                 )
                 failed_to_kick_users.append(user_id)
 
@@ -550,18 +532,24 @@ class ShutdownRoomRestServlet(RestServlet):
             room_id, new_room_id, requester_user_id
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, {
-            "kicked_users": kicked_users,
-            "failed_to_kick_users": failed_to_kick_users,
-            "local_aliases": aliases_for_room,
-            "new_room_id": new_room_id,
-        }))
+        defer.returnValue(
+            (
+                200,
+                {
+                    "kicked_users": kicked_users,
+                    "failed_to_kick_users": failed_to_kick_users,
+                    "local_aliases": aliases_for_room,
+                    "new_room_id": new_room_id,
+                },
+            )
+        )
 
 
 class QuarantineMediaInRoom(RestServlet):
     """Quarantines all media in a room so that no one can download it via
     this server.
     """
+
     PATTERNS = historical_admin_path_patterns("/quarantine_media/(?P<room_id>[^/]+)")
 
     def __init__(self, hs):
@@ -574,7 +562,7 @@ class QuarantineMediaInRoom(RestServlet):
         yield assert_user_is_admin(self.auth, requester.user)
 
         num_quarantined = yield self.store.quarantine_media_ids_in_room(
-            room_id, requester.user.to_string(),
+            room_id, requester.user.to_string()
         )
 
         defer.returnValue((200, {"num_quarantined": num_quarantined}))
@@ -583,6 +571,7 @@ class QuarantineMediaInRoom(RestServlet):
 class ListMediaInRoom(RestServlet):
     """Lists all of the media in a given room.
     """
+
     PATTERNS = historical_admin_path_patterns("/room/(?P<room_id>[^/]+)/media")
 
     def __init__(self, hs):
@@ -613,7 +602,10 @@ class ResetPasswordRestServlet(RestServlet):
         Returns:
             200 OK with empty object if success otherwise an error.
         """
-    PATTERNS = historical_admin_path_patterns("/reset_password/(?P<target_user_id>[^/]*)")
+
+    PATTERNS = historical_admin_path_patterns(
+        "/reset_password/(?P<target_user_id>[^/]*)"
+    )
 
     def __init__(self, hs):
         self.store = hs.get_datastore()
@@ -633,7 +625,7 @@ class ResetPasswordRestServlet(RestServlet):
 
         params = parse_json_object_from_request(request)
         assert_params_in_dict(params, ["new_password"])
-        new_password = params['new_password']
+        new_password = params["new_password"]
 
         yield self._set_password_handler.set_password(
             target_user_id, new_password, requester
@@ -650,7 +642,10 @@ class GetUsersPaginatedRestServlet(RestServlet):
         Returns:
             200 OK with json object {list[dict[str, Any]], count} or empty object.
         """
-    PATTERNS = historical_admin_path_patterns("/users_paginate/(?P<target_user_id>[^/]*)")
+
+    PATTERNS = historical_admin_path_patterns(
+        "/users_paginate/(?P<target_user_id>[^/]*)"
+    )
 
     def __init__(self, hs):
         self.store = hs.get_datastore()
@@ -676,9 +671,7 @@ class GetUsersPaginatedRestServlet(RestServlet):
 
         logger.info("limit: %s, start: %s", limit, start)
 
-        ret = yield self.handlers.admin_handler.get_users_paginate(
-            order, start, limit
-        )
+        ret = yield self.handlers.admin_handler.get_users_paginate(order, start, limit)
         defer.returnValue((200, ret))
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -702,13 +695,11 @@ class GetUsersPaginatedRestServlet(RestServlet):
         order = "name"  # order by name in user table
         params = parse_json_object_from_request(request)
         assert_params_in_dict(params, ["limit", "start"])
-        limit = params['limit']
-        start = params['start']
+        limit = params["limit"]
+        start = params["start"]
         logger.info("limit: %s, start: %s", limit, start)
 
-        ret = yield self.handlers.admin_handler.get_users_paginate(
-            order, start, limit
-        )
+        ret = yield self.handlers.admin_handler.get_users_paginate(order, start, limit)
         defer.returnValue((200, ret))
 
 
@@ -722,6 +713,7 @@ class SearchUsersRestServlet(RestServlet):
         Returns:
             200 OK with json object {list[dict[str, Any]], count} or empty object.
     """
+
     PATTERNS = historical_admin_path_patterns("/search_users/(?P<target_user_id>[^/]*)")
 
     def __init__(self, hs):
@@ -750,15 +742,14 @@ class SearchUsersRestServlet(RestServlet):
         term = parse_string(request, "term", required=True)
         logger.info("term: %s ", term)
 
-        ret = yield self.handlers.admin_handler.search_users(
-            term
-        )
+        ret = yield self.handlers.admin_handler.search_users(term)
         defer.returnValue((200, ret))
 
 
 class DeleteGroupAdminRestServlet(RestServlet):
     """Allows deleting of local groups
     """
+
     PATTERNS = historical_admin_path_patterns("/delete_group/(?P<group_id>[^/]*)")
 
     def __init__(self, hs):
@@ -800,15 +791,15 @@ class AccountValidityRenewServlet(RestServlet):
             raise SynapseError(400, "Missing property 'user_id' in the request body")
 
         expiration_ts = yield self.account_activity_handler.renew_account_for_user(
-            body["user_id"], body.get("expiration_ts"),
+            body["user_id"],
+            body.get("expiration_ts"),
             not body.get("enable_renewal_emails", True),
         )
 
-        res = {
-            "expiration_ts": expiration_ts,
-        }
+        res = {"expiration_ts": expiration_ts}
         defer.returnValue((200, res))
 
+
 ########################################################################################
 #
 # please don't add more servlets here: this file is already long and unwieldy. Put
diff --git a/synapse/rest/admin/server_notice_servlet.py b/synapse/rest/admin/server_notice_servlet.py
index ae5aca9dac..ee66838a0d 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/admin/server_notice_servlet.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/admin/server_notice_servlet.py
@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ class SendServerNoticeServlet(RestServlet):
         "event_id": "$1895723857jgskldgujpious"
     }
     """
+
     def __init__(self, hs):
         """
         Args:
@@ -58,15 +59,9 @@ class SendServerNoticeServlet(RestServlet):
 
     def register(self, json_resource):
         PATTERN = "^/_synapse/admin/v1/send_server_notice"
+        json_resource.register_paths("POST", (re.compile(PATTERN + "$"),), self.on_POST)
         json_resource.register_paths(
-            "POST",
-            (re.compile(PATTERN + "$"), ),
-            self.on_POST,
-        )
-        json_resource.register_paths(
-            "PUT",
-            (re.compile(PATTERN + "/(?P<txn_id>[^/]*)$",), ),
-            self.on_PUT,
+            "PUT", (re.compile(PATTERN + "/(?P<txn_id>[^/]*)$"),), self.on_PUT
         )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -96,5 +91,5 @@ class SendServerNoticeServlet(RestServlet):
 
     def on_PUT(self, request, txn_id):
         return self.txns.fetch_or_execute_request(
-            request, self.on_POST, request, txn_id,
+            request, self.on_POST, request, txn_id
         )
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/transactions.py b/synapse/rest/client/transactions.py
index 48c17f1b6d..36404b797d 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/transactions.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/transactions.py
@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@ CLEANUP_PERIOD_MS = 1000 * 60 * 30  # 30 mins
 
 
 class HttpTransactionCache(object):
-
     def __init__(self, hs):
         self.hs = hs
         self.auth = self.hs.get_auth()
@@ -53,7 +52,7 @@ class HttpTransactionCache(object):
             str: A transaction key
         """
         token = self.auth.get_access_token_from_request(request)
-        return request.path.decode('utf8') + "/" + token
+        return request.path.decode("utf8") + "/" + token
 
     def fetch_or_execute_request(self, request, fn, *args, **kwargs):
         """A helper function for fetch_or_execute which extracts
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v1/directory.py b/synapse/rest/client/v1/directory.py
index 0035182bb9..dd0d38ea5c 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v1/directory.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v1/directory.py
@@ -56,8 +56,9 @@ class ClientDirectoryServer(RestServlet):
 
         content = parse_json_object_from_request(request)
         if "room_id" not in content:
-            raise SynapseError(400, 'Missing params: ["room_id"]',
-                               errcode=Codes.BAD_JSON)
+            raise SynapseError(
+                400, 'Missing params: ["room_id"]', errcode=Codes.BAD_JSON
+            )
 
         logger.debug("Got content: %s", content)
         logger.debug("Got room name: %s", room_alias.to_string())
@@ -89,13 +90,11 @@ class ClientDirectoryServer(RestServlet):
         try:
             service = yield self.auth.get_appservice_by_req(request)
             room_alias = RoomAlias.from_string(room_alias)
-            yield dir_handler.delete_appservice_association(
-                service, room_alias
-            )
+            yield dir_handler.delete_appservice_association(service, room_alias)
             logger.info(
                 "Application service at %s deleted alias %s",
                 service.url,
-                room_alias.to_string()
+                room_alias.to_string(),
             )
             defer.returnValue((200, {}))
         except AuthError:
@@ -107,14 +106,10 @@ class ClientDirectoryServer(RestServlet):
 
         room_alias = RoomAlias.from_string(room_alias)
 
-        yield dir_handler.delete_association(
-            requester, room_alias
-        )
+        yield dir_handler.delete_association(requester, room_alias)
 
         logger.info(
-            "User %s deleted alias %s",
-            user.to_string(),
-            room_alias.to_string()
+            "User %s deleted alias %s", user.to_string(), room_alias.to_string()
         )
 
         defer.returnValue((200, {}))
@@ -135,9 +130,9 @@ class ClientDirectoryListServer(RestServlet):
         if room is None:
             raise NotFoundError("Unknown room")
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, {
-            "visibility": "public" if room["is_public"] else "private"
-        }))
+        defer.returnValue(
+            (200, {"visibility": "public" if room["is_public"] else "private"})
+        )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_PUT(self, request, room_id):
@@ -147,7 +142,7 @@ class ClientDirectoryListServer(RestServlet):
         visibility = content.get("visibility", "public")
 
         yield self.handlers.directory_handler.edit_published_room_list(
-            requester, room_id, visibility,
+            requester, room_id, visibility
         )
 
         defer.returnValue((200, {}))
@@ -157,7 +152,7 @@ class ClientDirectoryListServer(RestServlet):
         requester = yield self.auth.get_user_by_req(request)
 
         yield self.handlers.directory_handler.edit_published_room_list(
-            requester, room_id, "private",
+            requester, room_id, "private"
         )
 
         defer.returnValue((200, {}))
@@ -191,7 +186,7 @@ class ClientAppserviceDirectoryListServer(RestServlet):
             )
 
         yield self.handlers.directory_handler.edit_published_appservice_room_list(
-            requester.app_service.id, network_id, room_id, visibility,
+            requester.app_service.id, network_id, room_id, visibility
         )
 
         defer.returnValue((200, {}))
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v1/events.py b/synapse/rest/client/v1/events.py
index 84ca36270b..d6de2b7360 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v1/events.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v1/events.py
@@ -38,17 +38,14 @@ class EventStreamRestServlet(RestServlet):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_GET(self, request):
-        requester = yield self.auth.get_user_by_req(
-            request,
-            allow_guest=True,
-        )
+        requester = yield self.auth.get_user_by_req(request, allow_guest=True)
         is_guest = requester.is_guest
         room_id = None
         if is_guest:
             if b"room_id" not in request.args:
                 raise SynapseError(400, "Guest users must specify room_id param")
         if b"room_id" in request.args:
-            room_id = request.args[b"room_id"][0].decode('ascii')
+            room_id = request.args[b"room_id"][0].decode("ascii")
 
         pagin_config = PaginationConfig.from_request(request)
         timeout = EventStreamRestServlet.DEFAULT_LONGPOLL_TIME_MS
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v1/login.py b/synapse/rest/client/v1/login.py
index 7c86b88f30..6526e1403a 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v1/login.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v1/login.py
@@ -44,10 +44,7 @@ def login_submission_legacy_convert(submission):
     to a typed object.
     """
     if "user" in submission:
-        submission["identifier"] = {
-            "type": "m.id.user",
-            "user": submission["user"],
-        }
+        submission["identifier"] = {"type": "m.id.user", "user": submission["user"]}
         del submission["user"]
 
     if "medium" in submission and "address" in submission:
@@ -73,11 +70,7 @@ def login_id_thirdparty_from_phone(identifier):
 
     msisdn = phone_number_to_msisdn(identifier["country"], identifier["number"])
 
-    return {
-        "type": "m.id.thirdparty",
-        "medium": "msisdn",
-        "address": msisdn,
-    }
+    return {"type": "m.id.thirdparty", "medium": "msisdn", "address": msisdn}
 
 
 class LoginRestServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -120,9 +113,9 @@ class LoginRestServlet(RestServlet):
             # login flow types returned.
             flows.append({"type": LoginRestServlet.TOKEN_TYPE})
 
-        flows.extend((
-            {"type": t} for t in self.auth_handler.get_supported_login_types()
-        ))
+        flows.extend(
+            ({"type": t} for t in self.auth_handler.get_supported_login_types())
+        )
 
         return (200, {"flows": flows})
 
@@ -132,7 +125,8 @@ class LoginRestServlet(RestServlet):
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_POST(self, request):
         self._address_ratelimiter.ratelimit(
-            request.getClientIP(), time_now_s=self.hs.clock.time(),
+            request.getClientIP(),
+            time_now_s=self.hs.clock.time(),
             rate_hz=self.hs.config.rc_login_address.per_second,
             burst_count=self.hs.config.rc_login_address.burst_count,
             update=True,
@@ -140,8 +134,9 @@ class LoginRestServlet(RestServlet):
 
         login_submission = parse_json_object_from_request(request)
         try:
-            if self.jwt_enabled and (login_submission["type"] ==
-                                     LoginRestServlet.JWT_TYPE):
+            if self.jwt_enabled and (
+                login_submission["type"] == LoginRestServlet.JWT_TYPE
+            ):
                 result = yield self.do_jwt_login(login_submission)
             elif login_submission["type"] == LoginRestServlet.TOKEN_TYPE:
                 result = yield self.do_token_login(login_submission)
@@ -170,10 +165,10 @@ class LoginRestServlet(RestServlet):
         # field)
         logger.info(
             "Got login request with identifier: %r, medium: %r, address: %r, user: %r",
-            login_submission.get('identifier'),
-            login_submission.get('medium'),
-            login_submission.get('address'),
-            login_submission.get('user'),
+            login_submission.get("identifier"),
+            login_submission.get("medium"),
+            login_submission.get("address"),
+            login_submission.get("user"),
         )
         login_submission_legacy_convert(login_submission)
 
@@ -190,13 +185,13 @@ class LoginRestServlet(RestServlet):
 
         # convert threepid identifiers to user IDs
         if identifier["type"] == "m.id.thirdparty":
-            address = identifier.get('address')
-            medium = identifier.get('medium')
+            address = identifier.get("address")
+            medium = identifier.get("medium")
 
             if medium is None or address is None:
                 raise SynapseError(400, "Invalid thirdparty identifier")
 
-            if medium == 'email':
+            if medium == "email":
                 # For emails, transform the address to lowercase.
                 # We store all email addreses as lowercase in the DB.
                 # (See add_threepid in synapse/handlers/auth.py)
@@ -205,34 +200,28 @@ class LoginRestServlet(RestServlet):
             # Check for login providers that support 3pid login types
             canonical_user_id, callback_3pid = (
                 yield self.auth_handler.check_password_provider_3pid(
-                    medium,
-                    address,
-                    login_submission["password"],
+                    medium, address, login_submission["password"]
                 )
             )
             if canonical_user_id:
                 # Authentication through password provider and 3pid succeeded
                 result = yield self._register_device_with_callback(
-                    canonical_user_id, login_submission, callback_3pid,
+                    canonical_user_id, login_submission, callback_3pid
                 )
                 defer.returnValue(result)
 
             # No password providers were able to handle this 3pid
             # Check local store
             user_id = yield self.hs.get_datastore().get_user_id_by_threepid(
-                medium, address,
+                medium, address
             )
             if not user_id:
                 logger.warn(
-                    "unknown 3pid identifier medium %s, address %r",
-                    medium, address,
+                    "unknown 3pid identifier medium %s, address %r", medium, address
                 )
                 raise LoginError(403, "", errcode=Codes.FORBIDDEN)
 
-            identifier = {
-                "type": "m.id.user",
-                "user": user_id,
-            }
+            identifier = {"type": "m.id.user", "user": user_id}
 
         # by this point, the identifier should be an m.id.user: if it's anything
         # else, we haven't understood it.
@@ -242,22 +231,16 @@ class LoginRestServlet(RestServlet):
             raise SynapseError(400, "User identifier is missing 'user' key")
 
         canonical_user_id, callback = yield self.auth_handler.validate_login(
-            identifier["user"],
-            login_submission,
+            identifier["user"], login_submission
         )
 
         result = yield self._register_device_with_callback(
-            canonical_user_id, login_submission, callback,
+            canonical_user_id, login_submission, callback
         )
         defer.returnValue(result)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _register_device_with_callback(
-        self,
-        user_id,
-        login_submission,
-        callback=None,
-    ):
+    def _register_device_with_callback(self, user_id, login_submission, callback=None):
         """ Registers a device with a given user_id. Optionally run a callback
         function after registration has completed.
 
@@ -273,7 +256,7 @@ class LoginRestServlet(RestServlet):
         device_id = login_submission.get("device_id")
         initial_display_name = login_submission.get("initial_device_display_name")
         device_id, access_token = yield self.registration_handler.register_device(
-            user_id, device_id, initial_display_name,
+            user_id, device_id, initial_display_name
         )
 
         result = {
@@ -290,7 +273,7 @@ class LoginRestServlet(RestServlet):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def do_token_login(self, login_submission):
-        token = login_submission['token']
+        token = login_submission["token"]
         auth_handler = self.auth_handler
         user_id = (
             yield auth_handler.validate_short_term_login_token_and_get_user_id(token)
@@ -299,7 +282,7 @@ class LoginRestServlet(RestServlet):
         device_id = login_submission.get("device_id")
         initial_display_name = login_submission.get("initial_device_display_name")
         device_id, access_token = yield self.registration_handler.register_device(
-            user_id, device_id, initial_display_name,
+            user_id, device_id, initial_display_name
         )
 
         result = {
@@ -316,15 +299,16 @@ class LoginRestServlet(RestServlet):
         token = login_submission.get("token", None)
         if token is None:
             raise LoginError(
-                401, "Token field for JWT is missing",
-                errcode=Codes.UNAUTHORIZED
+                401, "Token field for JWT is missing", errcode=Codes.UNAUTHORIZED
             )
 
         import jwt
         from jwt.exceptions import InvalidTokenError
 
         try:
-            payload = jwt.decode(token, self.jwt_secret, algorithms=[self.jwt_algorithm])
+            payload = jwt.decode(
+                token, self.jwt_secret, algorithms=[self.jwt_algorithm]
+            )
         except jwt.ExpiredSignatureError:
             raise LoginError(401, "JWT expired", errcode=Codes.UNAUTHORIZED)
         except InvalidTokenError:
@@ -342,7 +326,7 @@ class LoginRestServlet(RestServlet):
             device_id = login_submission.get("device_id")
             initial_display_name = login_submission.get("initial_device_display_name")
             device_id, access_token = yield self.registration_handler.register_device(
-                registered_user_id, device_id, initial_display_name,
+                registered_user_id, device_id, initial_display_name
             )
 
             result = {
@@ -358,7 +342,7 @@ class LoginRestServlet(RestServlet):
             device_id = login_submission.get("device_id")
             initial_display_name = login_submission.get("initial_device_display_name")
             device_id, access_token = yield self.registration_handler.register_device(
-                registered_user_id, device_id, initial_display_name,
+                registered_user_id, device_id, initial_display_name
             )
 
             result = {
@@ -375,21 +359,20 @@ class CasRedirectServlet(RestServlet):
 
     def __init__(self, hs):
         super(CasRedirectServlet, self).__init__()
-        self.cas_server_url = hs.config.cas_server_url.encode('ascii')
-        self.cas_service_url = hs.config.cas_service_url.encode('ascii')
+        self.cas_server_url = hs.config.cas_server_url.encode("ascii")
+        self.cas_service_url = hs.config.cas_service_url.encode("ascii")
 
     def on_GET(self, request):
         args = request.args
         if b"redirectUrl" not in args:
             return (400, "Redirect URL not specified for CAS auth")
-        client_redirect_url_param = urllib.parse.urlencode({
-            b"redirectUrl": args[b"redirectUrl"][0]
-        }).encode('ascii')
-        hs_redirect_url = (self.cas_service_url +
-                           b"/_matrix/client/r0/login/cas/ticket")
-        service_param = urllib.parse.urlencode({
-            b"service": b"%s?%s" % (hs_redirect_url, client_redirect_url_param)
-        }).encode('ascii')
+        client_redirect_url_param = urllib.parse.urlencode(
+            {b"redirectUrl": args[b"redirectUrl"][0]}
+        ).encode("ascii")
+        hs_redirect_url = self.cas_service_url + b"/_matrix/client/r0/login/cas/ticket"
+        service_param = urllib.parse.urlencode(
+            {b"service": b"%s?%s" % (hs_redirect_url, client_redirect_url_param)}
+        ).encode("ascii")
         request.redirect(b"%s/login?%s" % (self.cas_server_url, service_param))
         finish_request(request)
 
@@ -411,7 +394,7 @@ class CasTicketServlet(RestServlet):
         uri = self.cas_server_url + "/proxyValidate"
         args = {
             "ticket": parse_string(request, "ticket", required=True),
-            "service": self.cas_service_url
+            "service": self.cas_service_url,
         }
         try:
             body = yield self._http_client.get_raw(uri, args)
@@ -438,7 +421,7 @@ class CasTicketServlet(RestServlet):
                     raise LoginError(401, "Unauthorized", errcode=Codes.UNAUTHORIZED)
 
         return self._sso_auth_handler.on_successful_auth(
-            user, request, client_redirect_url,
+            user, request, client_redirect_url
         )
 
     def parse_cas_response(self, cas_response_body):
@@ -448,7 +431,7 @@ class CasTicketServlet(RestServlet):
             root = ET.fromstring(cas_response_body)
             if not root.tag.endswith("serviceResponse"):
                 raise Exception("root of CAS response is not serviceResponse")
-            success = (root[0].tag.endswith("authenticationSuccess"))
+            success = root[0].tag.endswith("authenticationSuccess")
             for child in root[0]:
                 if child.tag.endswith("user"):
                     user = child.text
@@ -466,11 +449,11 @@ class CasTicketServlet(RestServlet):
                 raise Exception("CAS response does not contain user")
         except Exception:
             logger.error("Error parsing CAS response", exc_info=1)
-            raise LoginError(401, "Invalid CAS response",
-                             errcode=Codes.UNAUTHORIZED)
+            raise LoginError(401, "Invalid CAS response", errcode=Codes.UNAUTHORIZED)
         if not success:
-            raise LoginError(401, "Unsuccessful CAS response",
-                             errcode=Codes.UNAUTHORIZED)
+            raise LoginError(
+                401, "Unsuccessful CAS response", errcode=Codes.UNAUTHORIZED
+            )
         return user, attributes
 
 
@@ -482,6 +465,7 @@ class SSOAuthHandler(object):
     Args:
         hs (synapse.server.HomeServer)
     """
+
     def __init__(self, hs):
         self._hostname = hs.hostname
         self._auth_handler = hs.get_auth_handler()
@@ -490,8 +474,7 @@ class SSOAuthHandler(object):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_successful_auth(
-        self, username, request, client_redirect_url,
-        user_display_name=None,
+        self, username, request, client_redirect_url, user_display_name=None
     ):
         """Called once the user has successfully authenticated with the SSO.
 
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v1/logout.py b/synapse/rest/client/v1/logout.py
index b8064f261e..cd711be519 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v1/logout.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v1/logout.py
@@ -46,7 +46,8 @@ class LogoutRestServlet(RestServlet):
             yield self._auth_handler.delete_access_token(access_token)
         else:
             yield self._device_handler.delete_device(
-                requester.user.to_string(), requester.device_id)
+                requester.user.to_string(), requester.device_id
+            )
 
         defer.returnValue((200, {}))
 
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v1/presence.py b/synapse/rest/client/v1/presence.py
index e263da3cb7..3e87f0fdb3 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v1/presence.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v1/presence.py
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ class PresenceStatusRestServlet(RestServlet):
 
         if requester.user != user:
             allowed = yield self.presence_handler.is_visible(
-                observed_user=user, observer_user=requester.user,
+                observed_user=user, observer_user=requester.user
             )
 
             if not allowed:
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v1/profile.py b/synapse/rest/client/v1/profile.py
index 34361697df..dd3962a0cb 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v1/profile.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v1/profile.py
@@ -68,13 +68,10 @@ class ProfileDisplaynameRestServlet(RestServlet):
         except Exception:
             defer.returnValue((400, "Unable to parse name"))
 
-        yield self.profile_handler.set_displayname(
-            user, requester, new_name, is_admin)
+        yield self.profile_handler.set_displayname(user, requester, new_name, is_admin)
 
         if self.hs.config.shadow_server:
-            shadow_user = UserID(
-                user.localpart, self.hs.config.shadow_server.get("hs")
-            )
+            shadow_user = UserID(user.localpart, self.hs.config.shadow_server.get("hs"))
             self.shadow_displayname(shadow_user.to_string(), content)
 
         defer.returnValue((200, {}))
@@ -89,10 +86,9 @@ class ProfileDisplaynameRestServlet(RestServlet):
         as_token = self.hs.config.shadow_server.get("as_token")
 
         yield self.http_client.put_json(
-            "%s/_matrix/client/r0/profile/%s/displayname?access_token=%s&user_id=%s" % (
-                shadow_hs_url, user_id, as_token, user_id
-            ),
-            body
+            "%s/_matrix/client/r0/profile/%s/displayname?access_token=%s&user_id=%s"
+            % (shadow_hs_url, user_id, as_token, user_id),
+            body,
         )
 
 
@@ -143,9 +139,7 @@ class ProfileAvatarURLRestServlet(RestServlet):
         )
 
         if self.hs.config.shadow_server:
-            shadow_user = UserID(
-                user.localpart, self.hs.config.shadow_server.get("hs")
-            )
+            shadow_user = UserID(user.localpart, self.hs.config.shadow_server.get("hs"))
             self.shadow_avatar_url(shadow_user.to_string(), content)
 
         defer.returnValue((200, {}))
@@ -160,10 +154,9 @@ class ProfileAvatarURLRestServlet(RestServlet):
         as_token = self.hs.config.shadow_server.get("as_token")
 
         yield self.http_client.put_json(
-            "%s/_matrix/client/r0/profile/%s/avatar_url?access_token=%s&user_id=%s" % (
-                shadow_hs_url, user_id, as_token, user_id
-            ),
-            body
+            "%s/_matrix/client/r0/profile/%s/avatar_url?access_token=%s&user_id=%s"
+            % (shadow_hs_url, user_id, as_token, user_id),
+            body,
         )
 
 
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v1/push_rule.py b/synapse/rest/client/v1/push_rule.py
index 3d6326fe2f..e635efb420 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v1/push_rule.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v1/push_rule.py
@@ -21,7 +21,11 @@ from synapse.api.errors import (
     SynapseError,
     UnrecognizedRequestError,
 )
-from synapse.http.servlet import RestServlet, parse_json_value_from_request, parse_string
+from synapse.http.servlet import (
+    RestServlet,
+    parse_json_value_from_request,
+    parse_string,
+)
 from synapse.push.baserules import BASE_RULE_IDS
 from synapse.push.clientformat import format_push_rules_for_user
 from synapse.push.rulekinds import PRIORITY_CLASS_MAP
@@ -32,7 +36,8 @@ from synapse.storage.push_rule import InconsistentRuleException, RuleNotFoundExc
 class PushRuleRestServlet(RestServlet):
     PATTERNS = client_patterns("/(?P<path>pushrules/.*)$", v1=True)
     SLIGHTLY_PEDANTIC_TRAILING_SLASH_ERROR = (
-        "Unrecognised request: You probably wanted a trailing slash")
+        "Unrecognised request: You probably wanted a trailing slash"
+    )
 
     def __init__(self, hs):
         super(PushRuleRestServlet, self).__init__()
@@ -54,27 +59,25 @@ class PushRuleRestServlet(RestServlet):
 
         requester = yield self.auth.get_user_by_req(request)
 
-        if '/' in spec['rule_id'] or '\\' in spec['rule_id']:
+        if "/" in spec["rule_id"] or "\\" in spec["rule_id"]:
             raise SynapseError(400, "rule_id may not contain slashes")
 
         content = parse_json_value_from_request(request)
 
         user_id = requester.user.to_string()
 
-        if 'attr' in spec:
+        if "attr" in spec:
             yield self.set_rule_attr(user_id, spec, content)
             self.notify_user(user_id)
             defer.returnValue((200, {}))
 
-        if spec['rule_id'].startswith('.'):
+        if spec["rule_id"].startswith("."):
             # Rule ids starting with '.' are reserved for server default rules.
             raise SynapseError(400, "cannot add new rule_ids that start with '.'")
 
         try:
             (conditions, actions) = _rule_tuple_from_request_object(
-                spec['template'],
-                spec['rule_id'],
-                content,
+                spec["template"], spec["rule_id"], content
             )
         except InvalidRuleException as e:
             raise SynapseError(400, str(e))
@@ -95,7 +98,7 @@ class PushRuleRestServlet(RestServlet):
                 conditions=conditions,
                 actions=actions,
                 before=before,
-                after=after
+                after=after,
             )
             self.notify_user(user_id)
         except InconsistentRuleException as e:
@@ -118,9 +121,7 @@ class PushRuleRestServlet(RestServlet):
         namespaced_rule_id = _namespaced_rule_id_from_spec(spec)
 
         try:
-            yield self.store.delete_push_rule(
-                user_id, namespaced_rule_id
-            )
+            yield self.store.delete_push_rule(user_id, namespaced_rule_id)
             self.notify_user(user_id)
             defer.returnValue((200, {}))
         except StoreError as e:
@@ -149,10 +150,10 @@ class PushRuleRestServlet(RestServlet):
                 PushRuleRestServlet.SLIGHTLY_PEDANTIC_TRAILING_SLASH_ERROR
             )
 
-        if path[0] == '':
+        if path[0] == "":
             defer.returnValue((200, rules))
-        elif path[0] == 'global':
-            result = _filter_ruleset_with_path(rules['global'], path[1:])
+        elif path[0] == "global":
+            result = _filter_ruleset_with_path(rules["global"], path[1:])
             defer.returnValue((200, result))
         else:
             raise UnrecognizedRequestError()
@@ -162,12 +163,10 @@ class PushRuleRestServlet(RestServlet):
 
     def notify_user(self, user_id):
         stream_id, _ = self.store.get_push_rules_stream_token()
-        self.notifier.on_new_event(
-            "push_rules_key", stream_id, users=[user_id]
-        )
+        self.notifier.on_new_event("push_rules_key", stream_id, users=[user_id])
 
     def set_rule_attr(self, user_id, spec, val):
-        if spec['attr'] == 'enabled':
+        if spec["attr"] == "enabled":
             if isinstance(val, dict) and "enabled" in val:
                 val = val["enabled"]
             if not isinstance(val, bool):
@@ -176,14 +175,12 @@ class PushRuleRestServlet(RestServlet):
                 # bools directly, so let's not break them.
                 raise SynapseError(400, "Value for 'enabled' must be boolean")
             namespaced_rule_id = _namespaced_rule_id_from_spec(spec)
-            return self.store.set_push_rule_enabled(
-                user_id, namespaced_rule_id, val
-            )
-        elif spec['attr'] == 'actions':
-            actions = val.get('actions')
+            return self.store.set_push_rule_enabled(user_id, namespaced_rule_id, val)
+        elif spec["attr"] == "actions":
+            actions = val.get("actions")
             _check_actions(actions)
             namespaced_rule_id = _namespaced_rule_id_from_spec(spec)
-            rule_id = spec['rule_id']
+            rule_id = spec["rule_id"]
             is_default_rule = rule_id.startswith(".")
             if is_default_rule:
                 if namespaced_rule_id not in BASE_RULE_IDS:
@@ -210,12 +207,12 @@ def _rule_spec_from_path(path):
     """
     if len(path) < 2:
         raise UnrecognizedRequestError()
-    if path[0] != 'pushrules':
+    if path[0] != "pushrules":
         raise UnrecognizedRequestError()
 
     scope = path[1]
     path = path[2:]
-    if scope != 'global':
+    if scope != "global":
         raise UnrecognizedRequestError()
 
     if len(path) == 0:
@@ -229,56 +226,40 @@ def _rule_spec_from_path(path):
 
     rule_id = path[0]
 
-    spec = {
-        'scope': scope,
-        'template': template,
-        'rule_id': rule_id
-    }
+    spec = {"scope": scope, "template": template, "rule_id": rule_id}
 
     path = path[1:]
 
     if len(path) > 0 and len(path[0]) > 0:
-        spec['attr'] = path[0]
+        spec["attr"] = path[0]
 
     return spec
 
 
 def _rule_tuple_from_request_object(rule_template, rule_id, req_obj):
-    if rule_template in ['override', 'underride']:
-        if 'conditions' not in req_obj:
+    if rule_template in ["override", "underride"]:
+        if "conditions" not in req_obj:
             raise InvalidRuleException("Missing 'conditions'")
-        conditions = req_obj['conditions']
+        conditions = req_obj["conditions"]
         for c in conditions:
-            if 'kind' not in c:
+            if "kind" not in c:
                 raise InvalidRuleException("Condition without 'kind'")
-    elif rule_template == 'room':
-        conditions = [{
-            'kind': 'event_match',
-            'key': 'room_id',
-            'pattern': rule_id
-        }]
-    elif rule_template == 'sender':
-        conditions = [{
-            'kind': 'event_match',
-            'key': 'user_id',
-            'pattern': rule_id
-        }]
-    elif rule_template == 'content':
-        if 'pattern' not in req_obj:
+    elif rule_template == "room":
+        conditions = [{"kind": "event_match", "key": "room_id", "pattern": rule_id}]
+    elif rule_template == "sender":
+        conditions = [{"kind": "event_match", "key": "user_id", "pattern": rule_id}]
+    elif rule_template == "content":
+        if "pattern" not in req_obj:
             raise InvalidRuleException("Content rule missing 'pattern'")
-        pat = req_obj['pattern']
+        pat = req_obj["pattern"]
 
-        conditions = [{
-            'kind': 'event_match',
-            'key': 'content.body',
-            'pattern': pat
-        }]
+        conditions = [{"kind": "event_match", "key": "content.body", "pattern": pat}]
     else:
         raise InvalidRuleException("Unknown rule template: %s" % (rule_template,))
 
-    if 'actions' not in req_obj:
+    if "actions" not in req_obj:
         raise InvalidRuleException("No actions found")
-    actions = req_obj['actions']
+    actions = req_obj["actions"]
 
     _check_actions(actions)
 
@@ -290,9 +271,9 @@ def _check_actions(actions):
         raise InvalidRuleException("No actions found")
 
     for a in actions:
-        if a in ['notify', 'dont_notify', 'coalesce']:
+        if a in ["notify", "dont_notify", "coalesce"]:
             pass
-        elif isinstance(a, dict) and 'set_tweak' in a:
+        elif isinstance(a, dict) and "set_tweak" in a:
             pass
         else:
             raise InvalidRuleException("Unrecognised action")
@@ -304,7 +285,7 @@ def _filter_ruleset_with_path(ruleset, path):
             PushRuleRestServlet.SLIGHTLY_PEDANTIC_TRAILING_SLASH_ERROR
         )
 
-    if path[0] == '':
+    if path[0] == "":
         return ruleset
     template_kind = path[0]
     if template_kind not in ruleset:
@@ -314,13 +295,13 @@ def _filter_ruleset_with_path(ruleset, path):
         raise UnrecognizedRequestError(
             PushRuleRestServlet.SLIGHTLY_PEDANTIC_TRAILING_SLASH_ERROR
         )
-    if path[0] == '':
+    if path[0] == "":
         return ruleset[template_kind]
     rule_id = path[0]
 
     the_rule = None
     for r in ruleset[template_kind]:
-        if r['rule_id'] == rule_id:
+        if r["rule_id"] == rule_id:
             the_rule = r
     if the_rule is None:
         raise NotFoundError
@@ -339,19 +320,19 @@ def _filter_ruleset_with_path(ruleset, path):
 
 
 def _priority_class_from_spec(spec):
-    if spec['template'] not in PRIORITY_CLASS_MAP.keys():
-        raise InvalidRuleException("Unknown template: %s" % (spec['template']))
-    pc = PRIORITY_CLASS_MAP[spec['template']]
+    if spec["template"] not in PRIORITY_CLASS_MAP.keys():
+        raise InvalidRuleException("Unknown template: %s" % (spec["template"]))
+    pc = PRIORITY_CLASS_MAP[spec["template"]]
 
     return pc
 
 
 def _namespaced_rule_id_from_spec(spec):
-    return _namespaced_rule_id(spec, spec['rule_id'])
+    return _namespaced_rule_id(spec, spec["rule_id"])
 
 
 def _namespaced_rule_id(spec, rule_id):
-    return "global/%s/%s" % (spec['template'], rule_id)
+    return "global/%s/%s" % (spec["template"], rule_id)
 
 
 class InvalidRuleException(Exception):
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v1/pusher.py b/synapse/rest/client/v1/pusher.py
index 15d860db37..e9246018df 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v1/pusher.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v1/pusher.py
@@ -44,9 +44,7 @@ class PushersRestServlet(RestServlet):
         requester = yield self.auth.get_user_by_req(request)
         user = requester.user
 
-        pushers = yield self.hs.get_datastore().get_pushers_by_user_id(
-            user.to_string()
-        )
+        pushers = yield self.hs.get_datastore().get_pushers_by_user_id(user.to_string())
 
         allowed_keys = [
             "app_display_name",
@@ -87,50 +85,61 @@ class PushersSetRestServlet(RestServlet):
 
         content = parse_json_object_from_request(request)
 
-        if ('pushkey' in content and 'app_id' in content
-                and 'kind' in content and
-                content['kind'] is None):
+        if (
+            "pushkey" in content
+            and "app_id" in content
+            and "kind" in content
+            and content["kind"] is None
+        ):
             yield self.pusher_pool.remove_pusher(
-                content['app_id'], content['pushkey'], user_id=user.to_string()
+                content["app_id"], content["pushkey"], user_id=user.to_string()
             )
             defer.returnValue((200, {}))
 
         assert_params_in_dict(
             content,
-            ['kind', 'app_id', 'app_display_name',
-             'device_display_name', 'pushkey', 'lang', 'data']
+            [
+                "kind",
+                "app_id",
+                "app_display_name",
+                "device_display_name",
+                "pushkey",
+                "lang",
+                "data",
+            ],
         )
 
-        logger.debug("set pushkey %s to kind %s", content['pushkey'], content['kind'])
+        logger.debug("set pushkey %s to kind %s", content["pushkey"], content["kind"])
         logger.debug("Got pushers request with body: %r", content)
 
         append = False
-        if 'append' in content:
-            append = content['append']
+        if "append" in content:
+            append = content["append"]
 
         if not append:
             yield self.pusher_pool.remove_pushers_by_app_id_and_pushkey_not_user(
-                app_id=content['app_id'],
-                pushkey=content['pushkey'],
-                not_user_id=user.to_string()
+                app_id=content["app_id"],
+                pushkey=content["pushkey"],
+                not_user_id=user.to_string(),
             )
 
         try:
             yield self.pusher_pool.add_pusher(
                 user_id=user.to_string(),
                 access_token=requester.access_token_id,
-                kind=content['kind'],
-                app_id=content['app_id'],
-                app_display_name=content['app_display_name'],
-                device_display_name=content['device_display_name'],
-                pushkey=content['pushkey'],
-                lang=content['lang'],
-                data=content['data'],
-                profile_tag=content.get('profile_tag', ""),
+                kind=content["kind"],
+                app_id=content["app_id"],
+                app_display_name=content["app_display_name"],
+                device_display_name=content["device_display_name"],
+                pushkey=content["pushkey"],
+                lang=content["lang"],
+                data=content["data"],
+                profile_tag=content.get("profile_tag", ""),
             )
         except PusherConfigException as pce:
-            raise SynapseError(400, "Config Error: " + str(pce),
-                               errcode=Codes.MISSING_PARAM)
+            raise SynapseError(
+                400, "Config Error: " + str(pce), errcode=Codes.MISSING_PARAM
+            )
 
         self.notifier.on_new_replication_data()
 
@@ -144,6 +153,7 @@ class PushersRemoveRestServlet(RestServlet):
     """
     To allow pusher to be delete by clicking a link (ie. GET request)
     """
+
     PATTERNS = client_patterns("/pushers/remove$", v1=True)
     SUCCESS_HTML = b"<html><body>You have been unsubscribed</body><html>"
 
@@ -164,9 +174,7 @@ class PushersRemoveRestServlet(RestServlet):
 
         try:
             yield self.pusher_pool.remove_pusher(
-                app_id=app_id,
-                pushkey=pushkey,
-                user_id=user.to_string(),
+                app_id=app_id, pushkey=pushkey, user_id=user.to_string()
             )
         except StoreError as se:
             if se.code != 404:
@@ -177,9 +185,9 @@ class PushersRemoveRestServlet(RestServlet):
 
         request.setResponseCode(200)
         request.setHeader(b"Content-Type", b"text/html; charset=utf-8")
-        request.setHeader(b"Content-Length", b"%d" % (
-            len(PushersRemoveRestServlet.SUCCESS_HTML),
-        ))
+        request.setHeader(
+            b"Content-Length", b"%d" % (len(PushersRemoveRestServlet.SUCCESS_HTML),)
+        )
         request.write(PushersRemoveRestServlet.SUCCESS_HTML)
         finish_request(request)
         defer.returnValue(None)
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v1/room.py b/synapse/rest/client/v1/room.py
index 151b553730..95dc4baec0 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v1/room.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v1/room.py
@@ -61,18 +61,16 @@ class RoomCreateRestServlet(TransactionRestServlet):
         PATTERNS = "/createRoom"
         register_txn_path(self, PATTERNS, http_server)
         # define CORS for all of /rooms in RoomCreateRestServlet for simplicity
-        http_server.register_paths("OPTIONS",
-                                   client_patterns("/rooms(?:/.*)?$", v1=True),
-                                   self.on_OPTIONS)
+        http_server.register_paths(
+            "OPTIONS", client_patterns("/rooms(?:/.*)?$", v1=True), self.on_OPTIONS
+        )
         # define CORS for /createRoom[/txnid]
-        http_server.register_paths("OPTIONS",
-                                   client_patterns("/createRoom(?:/.*)?$", v1=True),
-                                   self.on_OPTIONS)
+        http_server.register_paths(
+            "OPTIONS", client_patterns("/createRoom(?:/.*)?$", v1=True), self.on_OPTIONS
+        )
 
     def on_PUT(self, request, txn_id):
-        return self.txns.fetch_or_execute_request(
-            request, self.on_POST, request
-        )
+        return self.txns.fetch_or_execute_request(request, self.on_POST, request)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_POST(self, request):
@@ -107,21 +105,23 @@ class RoomStateEventRestServlet(TransactionRestServlet):
         no_state_key = "/rooms/(?P<room_id>[^/]*)/state/(?P<event_type>[^/]*)$"
 
         # /room/$roomid/state/$eventtype/$statekey
-        state_key = ("/rooms/(?P<room_id>[^/]*)/state/"
-                     "(?P<event_type>[^/]*)/(?P<state_key>[^/]*)$")
-
-        http_server.register_paths("GET",
-                                   client_patterns(state_key, v1=True),
-                                   self.on_GET)
-        http_server.register_paths("PUT",
-                                   client_patterns(state_key, v1=True),
-                                   self.on_PUT)
-        http_server.register_paths("GET",
-                                   client_patterns(no_state_key, v1=True),
-                                   self.on_GET_no_state_key)
-        http_server.register_paths("PUT",
-                                   client_patterns(no_state_key, v1=True),
-                                   self.on_PUT_no_state_key)
+        state_key = (
+            "/rooms/(?P<room_id>[^/]*)/state/"
+            "(?P<event_type>[^/]*)/(?P<state_key>[^/]*)$"
+        )
+
+        http_server.register_paths(
+            "GET", client_patterns(state_key, v1=True), self.on_GET
+        )
+        http_server.register_paths(
+            "PUT", client_patterns(state_key, v1=True), self.on_PUT
+        )
+        http_server.register_paths(
+            "GET", client_patterns(no_state_key, v1=True), self.on_GET_no_state_key
+        )
+        http_server.register_paths(
+            "PUT", client_patterns(no_state_key, v1=True), self.on_PUT_no_state_key
+        )
 
     def on_GET_no_state_key(self, request, room_id, event_type):
         return self.on_GET(request, room_id, event_type, "")
@@ -132,8 +132,9 @@ class RoomStateEventRestServlet(TransactionRestServlet):
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_GET(self, request, room_id, event_type, state_key):
         requester = yield self.auth.get_user_by_req(request, allow_guest=True)
-        format = parse_string(request, "format", default="content",
-                              allowed_values=["content", "event"])
+        format = parse_string(
+            request, "format", default="content", allowed_values=["content", "event"]
+        )
 
         msg_handler = self.message_handler
         data = yield msg_handler.get_room_data(
@@ -145,9 +146,7 @@ class RoomStateEventRestServlet(TransactionRestServlet):
         )
 
         if not data:
-            raise SynapseError(
-                404, "Event not found.", errcode=Codes.NOT_FOUND
-            )
+            raise SynapseError(404, "Event not found.", errcode=Codes.NOT_FOUND)
 
         if format == "event":
             event = format_event_for_client_v2(data.get_dict())
@@ -182,9 +181,7 @@ class RoomStateEventRestServlet(TransactionRestServlet):
             )
         else:
             event = yield self.event_creation_handler.create_and_send_nonmember_event(
-                requester,
-                event_dict,
-                txn_id=txn_id,
+                requester, event_dict, txn_id=txn_id
             )
 
         ret = {}
@@ -195,7 +192,6 @@ class RoomStateEventRestServlet(TransactionRestServlet):
 
 # TODO: Needs unit testing for generic events + feedback
 class RoomSendEventRestServlet(TransactionRestServlet):
-
     def __init__(self, hs):
         super(RoomSendEventRestServlet, self).__init__(hs)
         self.event_creation_handler = hs.get_event_creation_handler()
@@ -203,7 +199,7 @@ class RoomSendEventRestServlet(TransactionRestServlet):
 
     def register(self, http_server):
         # /rooms/$roomid/send/$event_type[/$txn_id]
-        PATTERNS = ("/rooms/(?P<room_id>[^/]*)/send/(?P<event_type>[^/]*)")
+        PATTERNS = "/rooms/(?P<room_id>[^/]*)/send/(?P<event_type>[^/]*)"
         register_txn_path(self, PATTERNS, http_server, with_get=True)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -218,13 +214,11 @@ class RoomSendEventRestServlet(TransactionRestServlet):
             "sender": requester.user.to_string(),
         }
 
-        if b'ts' in request.args and requester.app_service:
-            event_dict['origin_server_ts'] = parse_integer(request, "ts", 0)
+        if b"ts" in request.args and requester.app_service:
+            event_dict["origin_server_ts"] = parse_integer(request, "ts", 0)
 
         event = yield self.event_creation_handler.create_and_send_nonmember_event(
-            requester,
-            event_dict,
-            txn_id=txn_id,
+            requester, event_dict, txn_id=txn_id
         )
 
         defer.returnValue((200, {"event_id": event.event_id}))
@@ -247,15 +241,12 @@ class JoinRoomAliasServlet(TransactionRestServlet):
 
     def register(self, http_server):
         # /join/$room_identifier[/$txn_id]
-        PATTERNS = ("/join/(?P<room_identifier>[^/]*)")
+        PATTERNS = "/join/(?P<room_identifier>[^/]*)"
         register_txn_path(self, PATTERNS, http_server)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_POST(self, request, room_identifier, txn_id=None):
-        requester = yield self.auth.get_user_by_req(
-            request,
-            allow_guest=True,
-        )
+        requester = yield self.auth.get_user_by_req(request, allow_guest=True)
 
         try:
             content = parse_json_object_from_request(request)
@@ -268,7 +259,7 @@ class JoinRoomAliasServlet(TransactionRestServlet):
             room_id = room_identifier
             try:
                 remote_room_hosts = [
-                    x.decode('ascii') for x in request.args[b"server_name"]
+                    x.decode("ascii") for x in request.args[b"server_name"]
                 ]
             except Exception:
                 remote_room_hosts = None
@@ -278,9 +269,9 @@ class JoinRoomAliasServlet(TransactionRestServlet):
             room_id, remote_room_hosts = yield handler.lookup_room_alias(room_alias)
             room_id = room_id.to_string()
         else:
-            raise SynapseError(400, "%s was not legal room ID or room alias" % (
-                room_identifier,
-            ))
+            raise SynapseError(
+                400, "%s was not legal room ID or room alias" % (room_identifier,)
+            )
 
         yield self.room_member_handler.update_membership(
             requester=requester,
@@ -339,14 +330,11 @@ class PublicRoomListRestServlet(TransactionRestServlet):
         handler = self.hs.get_room_list_handler()
         if server:
             data = yield handler.get_remote_public_room_list(
-                server,
-                limit=limit,
-                since_token=since_token,
+                server, limit=limit, since_token=since_token
             )
         else:
             data = yield handler.get_local_public_room_list(
-                limit=limit,
-                since_token=since_token,
+                limit=limit, since_token=since_token
             )
 
         defer.returnValue((200, data))
@@ -439,16 +427,13 @@ class RoomMemberListRestServlet(RestServlet):
         chunk = []
 
         for event in events:
-            if (
-                (membership and event['content'].get("membership") != membership) or
-                (not_membership and event['content'].get("membership") == not_membership)
+            if (membership and event["content"].get("membership") != membership) or (
+                not_membership and event["content"].get("membership") == not_membership
             ):
                 continue
             chunk.append(event)
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, {
-            "chunk": chunk
-        }))
+        defer.returnValue((200, {"chunk": chunk}))
 
 
 # deprecated in favour of /members?membership=join?
@@ -466,12 +451,10 @@ class JoinedRoomMemberListRestServlet(RestServlet):
         requester = yield self.auth.get_user_by_req(request)
 
         users_with_profile = yield self.message_handler.get_joined_members(
-            requester, room_id,
+            requester, room_id
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, {
-            "joined": users_with_profile,
-        }))
+        defer.returnValue((200, {"joined": users_with_profile}))
 
 
 # TODO: Needs better unit testing
@@ -486,9 +469,7 @@ class RoomMessageListRestServlet(RestServlet):
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_GET(self, request, room_id):
         requester = yield self.auth.get_user_by_req(request, allow_guest=True)
-        pagination_config = PaginationConfig.from_request(
-            request, default_limit=10,
-        )
+        pagination_config = PaginationConfig.from_request(request, default_limit=10)
         as_client_event = b"raw" not in request.args
         filter_bytes = parse_string(request, b"filter", encoding=None)
         if filter_bytes:
@@ -544,9 +525,7 @@ class RoomInitialSyncRestServlet(RestServlet):
         requester = yield self.auth.get_user_by_req(request, allow_guest=True)
         pagination_config = PaginationConfig.from_request(request)
         content = yield self.initial_sync_handler.room_initial_sync(
-            room_id=room_id,
-            requester=requester,
-            pagin_config=pagination_config,
+            room_id=room_id, requester=requester, pagin_config=pagination_config
         )
         defer.returnValue((200, content))
 
@@ -603,30 +582,24 @@ class RoomEventContextServlet(RestServlet):
             event_filter = None
 
         results = yield self.room_context_handler.get_event_context(
-            requester.user,
-            room_id,
-            event_id,
-            limit,
-            event_filter,
+            requester.user, room_id, event_id, limit, event_filter
         )
 
         if not results:
-            raise SynapseError(
-                404, "Event not found.", errcode=Codes.NOT_FOUND
-            )
+            raise SynapseError(404, "Event not found.", errcode=Codes.NOT_FOUND)
 
         time_now = self.clock.time_msec()
         results["events_before"] = yield self._event_serializer.serialize_events(
-            results["events_before"], time_now,
+            results["events_before"], time_now
         )
         results["event"] = yield self._event_serializer.serialize_event(
-            results["event"], time_now,
+            results["event"], time_now
         )
         results["events_after"] = yield self._event_serializer.serialize_events(
-            results["events_after"], time_now,
+            results["events_after"], time_now
         )
         results["state"] = yield self._event_serializer.serialize_events(
-            results["state"], time_now,
+            results["state"], time_now
         )
 
         defer.returnValue((200, results))
@@ -639,20 +612,14 @@ class RoomForgetRestServlet(TransactionRestServlet):
         self.auth = hs.get_auth()
 
     def register(self, http_server):
-        PATTERNS = ("/rooms/(?P<room_id>[^/]*)/forget")
+        PATTERNS = "/rooms/(?P<room_id>[^/]*)/forget"
         register_txn_path(self, PATTERNS, http_server)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_POST(self, request, room_id, txn_id=None):
-        requester = yield self.auth.get_user_by_req(
-            request,
-            allow_guest=False,
-        )
+        requester = yield self.auth.get_user_by_req(request, allow_guest=False)
 
-        yield self.room_member_handler.forget(
-            user=requester.user,
-            room_id=room_id,
-        )
+        yield self.room_member_handler.forget(user=requester.user, room_id=room_id)
 
         defer.returnValue((200, {}))
 
@@ -664,7 +631,6 @@ class RoomForgetRestServlet(TransactionRestServlet):
 
 # TODO: Needs unit testing
 class RoomMembershipRestServlet(TransactionRestServlet):
-
     def __init__(self, hs):
         super(RoomMembershipRestServlet, self).__init__(hs)
         self.room_member_handler = hs.get_room_member_handler()
@@ -672,20 +638,19 @@ class RoomMembershipRestServlet(TransactionRestServlet):
 
     def register(self, http_server):
         # /rooms/$roomid/[invite|join|leave]
-        PATTERNS = ("/rooms/(?P<room_id>[^/]*)/"
-                    "(?P<membership_action>join|invite|leave|ban|unban|kick)")
+        PATTERNS = (
+            "/rooms/(?P<room_id>[^/]*)/"
+            "(?P<membership_action>join|invite|leave|ban|unban|kick)"
+        )
         register_txn_path(self, PATTERNS, http_server)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_POST(self, request, room_id, membership_action, txn_id=None):
-        requester = yield self.auth.get_user_by_req(
-            request,
-            allow_guest=True,
-        )
+        requester = yield self.auth.get_user_by_req(request, allow_guest=True)
 
         if requester.is_guest and membership_action not in {
             Membership.JOIN,
-            Membership.LEAVE
+            Membership.LEAVE,
         }:
             raise AuthError(403, "Guest access not allowed")
 
@@ -716,8 +681,8 @@ class RoomMembershipRestServlet(TransactionRestServlet):
             target = UserID.from_string(content["user_id"])
 
         event_content = None
-        if 'reason' in content and membership_action in ['kick', 'ban']:
-            event_content = {'reason': content['reason']}
+        if "reason" in content and membership_action in ["kick", "ban"]:
+            event_content = {"reason": content["reason"]}
 
         yield self.room_member_handler.update_membership(
             requester=requester,
@@ -756,7 +721,7 @@ class RoomRedactEventRestServlet(TransactionRestServlet):
         self.auth = hs.get_auth()
 
     def register(self, http_server):
-        PATTERNS = ("/rooms/(?P<room_id>[^/]*)/redact/(?P<event_id>[^/]*)")
+        PATTERNS = "/rooms/(?P<room_id>[^/]*)/redact/(?P<event_id>[^/]*)"
         register_txn_path(self, PATTERNS, http_server)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -818,9 +783,7 @@ class RoomTypingRestServlet(RestServlet):
             )
         else:
             yield self.typing_handler.stopped_typing(
-                target_user=target_user,
-                auth_user=requester.user,
-                room_id=room_id,
+                target_user=target_user, auth_user=requester.user, room_id=room_id
             )
 
         defer.returnValue((200, {}))
@@ -842,9 +805,7 @@ class SearchRestServlet(RestServlet):
 
         batch = parse_string(request, "next_batch")
         results = yield self.handlers.search_handler.search(
-            requester.user,
-            content,
-            batch,
+            requester.user, content, batch
         )
 
         defer.returnValue((200, results))
@@ -880,20 +841,18 @@ def register_txn_path(servlet, regex_string, http_server, with_get=False):
         with_get: True to also register respective GET paths for the PUTs.
     """
     http_server.register_paths(
-        "POST",
-        client_patterns(regex_string + "$", v1=True),
-        servlet.on_POST
+        "POST", client_patterns(regex_string + "$", v1=True), servlet.on_POST
     )
     http_server.register_paths(
         "PUT",
         client_patterns(regex_string + "/(?P<txn_id>[^/]*)$", v1=True),
-        servlet.on_PUT
+        servlet.on_PUT,
     )
     if with_get:
         http_server.register_paths(
             "GET",
             client_patterns(regex_string + "/(?P<txn_id>[^/]*)$", v1=True),
-            servlet.on_GET
+            servlet.on_GET,
         )
 
 
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v1/voip.py b/synapse/rest/client/v1/voip.py
index 6381049210..41b3171ac8 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v1/voip.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v1/voip.py
@@ -34,8 +34,7 @@ class VoipRestServlet(RestServlet):
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_GET(self, request):
         requester = yield self.auth.get_user_by_req(
-            request,
-            self.hs.config.turn_allow_guests
+            request, self.hs.config.turn_allow_guests
         )
 
         turnUris = self.hs.config.turn_uris
@@ -49,9 +48,7 @@ class VoipRestServlet(RestServlet):
             username = "%d:%s" % (expiry, requester.user.to_string())
 
             mac = hmac.new(
-                turnSecret.encode(),
-                msg=username.encode(),
-                digestmod=hashlib.sha1
+                turnSecret.encode(), msg=username.encode(), digestmod=hashlib.sha1
             )
             # We need to use standard padded base64 encoding here
             # encode_base64 because we need to add the standard padding to get the
@@ -65,12 +62,17 @@ class VoipRestServlet(RestServlet):
         else:
             defer.returnValue((200, {}))
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, {
-            'username': username,
-            'password': password,
-            'ttl': userLifetime / 1000,
-            'uris': turnUris,
-        }))
+        defer.returnValue(
+            (
+                200,
+                {
+                    "username": username,
+                    "password": password,
+                    "ttl": userLifetime / 1000,
+                    "uris": turnUris,
+                },
+            )
+        )
 
     def on_OPTIONS(self, request):
         return (200, {})
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/_base.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/_base.py
index 5236d5d566..e3d59ac3ac 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/_base.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/_base.py
@@ -52,11 +52,11 @@ def client_patterns(path_regex, releases=(0,), unstable=True, v1=False):
 def set_timeline_upper_limit(filter_json, filter_timeline_limit):
     if filter_timeline_limit < 0:
         return  # no upper limits
-    timeline = filter_json.get('room', {}).get('timeline', {})
-    if 'limit' in timeline:
-        filter_json['room']['timeline']["limit"] = min(
-            filter_json['room']['timeline']['limit'],
-            filter_timeline_limit)
+    timeline = filter_json.get("room", {}).get("timeline", {})
+    if "limit" in timeline:
+        filter_json["room"]["timeline"]["limit"] = min(
+            filter_json["room"]["timeline"]["limit"], filter_timeline_limit
+        )
 
 
 def interactive_auth_handler(orig):
@@ -74,10 +74,12 @@ def interactive_auth_handler(orig):
         # ...
         yield self.auth_handler.check_auth
             """
+
     def wrapped(*args, **kwargs):
         res = defer.maybeDeferred(orig, *args, **kwargs)
         res.addErrback(_catch_incomplete_interactive_auth)
         return res
+
     return wrapped
 
 
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/account.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/account.py
index b88e58611c..8ba052fd14 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/account.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/account.py
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ class EmailPasswordRequestTokenRestServlet(RestServlet):
 
         if self.config.email_password_reset_behaviour == "local":
             from synapse.push.mailer import Mailer, load_jinja2_templates
+
             templates = load_jinja2_templates(
                 config=hs.config,
                 template_html_name=hs.config.email_password_reset_template_html,
@@ -74,14 +75,12 @@ class EmailPasswordRequestTokenRestServlet(RestServlet):
                     "User password resets have been disabled due to lack of email config"
                 )
             raise SynapseError(
-                400, "Email-based password resets have been disabled on this server",
+                400, "Email-based password resets have been disabled on this server"
             )
 
         body = parse_json_object_from_request(request)
 
-        assert_params_in_dict(body, [
-            'client_secret', 'email', 'send_attempt'
-        ])
+        assert_params_in_dict(body, ["client_secret", "email", "send_attempt"])
 
         # Extract params from body
         client_secret = body["client_secret"]
@@ -99,24 +98,24 @@ class EmailPasswordRequestTokenRestServlet(RestServlet):
             )
 
         existingUid = yield self.hs.get_datastore().get_user_id_by_threepid(
-            'email', email,
+            "email", email
         )
 
         if existingUid is None:
             raise SynapseError(400, "Email not found", Codes.THREEPID_NOT_FOUND)
 
         if self.config.email_password_reset_behaviour == "remote":
-            if 'id_server' not in body:
+            if "id_server" not in body:
                 raise SynapseError(400, "Missing 'id_server' param in body")
 
             # Have the identity server handle the password reset flow
             ret = yield self.identity_handler.requestEmailToken(
-                body["id_server"], email, client_secret, send_attempt, next_link,
+                body["id_server"], email, client_secret, send_attempt, next_link
             )
         else:
             # Send password reset emails from Synapse
             sid = yield self.send_password_reset(
-                email, client_secret, send_attempt, next_link,
+                email, client_secret, send_attempt, next_link
             )
 
             # Wrap the session id in a JSON object
@@ -125,13 +124,7 @@ class EmailPasswordRequestTokenRestServlet(RestServlet):
         defer.returnValue((200, ret))
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def send_password_reset(
-        self,
-        email,
-        client_secret,
-        send_attempt,
-        next_link=None,
-    ):
+    def send_password_reset(self, email, client_secret, send_attempt, next_link=None):
         """Send a password reset email
 
         Args:
@@ -148,14 +141,14 @@ class EmailPasswordRequestTokenRestServlet(RestServlet):
         # Check that this email/client_secret/send_attempt combo is new or
         # greater than what we've seen previously
         session = yield self.datastore.get_threepid_validation_session(
-            "email", client_secret, address=email, validated=False,
+            "email", client_secret, address=email, validated=False
         )
 
         # Check to see if a session already exists and that it is not yet
         # marked as validated
         if session and session.get("validated_at") is None:
-            session_id = session['session_id']
-            last_send_attempt = session['last_send_attempt']
+            session_id = session["session_id"]
+            last_send_attempt = session["last_send_attempt"]
 
             # Check that the send_attempt is higher than previous attempts
             if send_attempt <= last_send_attempt:
@@ -173,22 +166,27 @@ class EmailPasswordRequestTokenRestServlet(RestServlet):
         # and session_id
         try:
             yield self.mailer.send_password_reset_mail(
-                email, token, client_secret, session_id,
+                email, token, client_secret, session_id
             )
         except Exception:
-            logger.exception(
-                "Error sending a password reset email to %s", email,
-            )
+            logger.exception("Error sending a password reset email to %s", email)
             raise SynapseError(
                 500, "An error was encountered when sending the password reset email"
             )
 
-        token_expires = (self.hs.clock.time_msec() +
-                         self.config.email_validation_token_lifetime)
+        token_expires = (
+            self.hs.clock.time_msec() + self.config.email_validation_token_lifetime
+        )
 
         yield self.datastore.start_or_continue_validation_session(
-            "email", email, session_id, client_secret, send_attempt,
-            next_link, token, token_expires,
+            "email",
+            email,
+            session_id,
+            client_secret,
+            send_attempt,
+            next_link,
+            token,
+            token_expires,
         )
 
         defer.returnValue(session_id)
@@ -207,12 +205,12 @@ class MsisdnPasswordRequestTokenRestServlet(RestServlet):
     def on_POST(self, request):
         body = parse_json_object_from_request(request)
 
-        assert_params_in_dict(body, [
-            'id_server', 'client_secret',
-            'country', 'phone_number', 'send_attempt',
-        ])
+        assert_params_in_dict(
+            body,
+            ["id_server", "client_secret", "country", "phone_number", "send_attempt"],
+        )
 
-        msisdn = phone_number_to_msisdn(body['country'], body['phone_number'])
+        msisdn = phone_number_to_msisdn(body["country"], body["phone_number"])
 
         if not (yield check_3pid_allowed(self.hs, "msisdn", msisdn)):
             raise SynapseError(
@@ -223,9 +221,7 @@ class MsisdnPasswordRequestTokenRestServlet(RestServlet):
 
         assert_valid_client_secret(body["client_secret"])
 
-        existingUid = yield self.datastore.get_user_id_by_threepid(
-            'msisdn', msisdn
-        )
+        existingUid = yield self.datastore.get_user_id_by_threepid("msisdn", msisdn)
 
         if existingUid is None:
             raise SynapseError(400, "MSISDN not found", Codes.THREEPID_NOT_FOUND)
@@ -236,10 +232,9 @@ class MsisdnPasswordRequestTokenRestServlet(RestServlet):
 
 class PasswordResetSubmitTokenServlet(RestServlet):
     """Handles 3PID validation token submission"""
+
     PATTERNS = client_patterns(
-        "/password_reset/(?P<medium>[^/]*)/submit_token/*$",
-        releases=(),
-        unstable=True,
+        "/password_reset/(?P<medium>[^/]*)/submit_token/*$", releases=(), unstable=True
     )
 
     def __init__(self, hs):
@@ -258,8 +253,7 @@ class PasswordResetSubmitTokenServlet(RestServlet):
     def on_GET(self, request, medium):
         if medium != "email":
             raise SynapseError(
-                400,
-                "This medium is currently not supported for password resets",
+                400, "This medium is currently not supported for password resets"
             )
         if self.config.email_password_reset_behaviour == "off":
             if self.config.password_resets_were_disabled_due_to_email_config:
@@ -267,7 +261,7 @@ class PasswordResetSubmitTokenServlet(RestServlet):
                     "User password resets have been disabled due to lack of email config"
                 )
             raise SynapseError(
-                400, "Email-based password resets have been disabled on this server",
+                400, "Email-based password resets have been disabled on this server"
             )
 
         sid = parse_string(request, "sid")
@@ -281,10 +275,7 @@ class PasswordResetSubmitTokenServlet(RestServlet):
         try:
             # Mark the session as valid
             next_link = yield self.datastore.validate_threepid_session(
-                sid,
-                client_secret,
-                token,
-                self.clock.time_msec(),
+                sid, client_secret, token, self.clock.time_msec()
             )
 
             # Perform a 302 redirect if next_link is set
@@ -307,13 +298,11 @@ class PasswordResetSubmitTokenServlet(RestServlet):
             html = self.load_jinja2_template(
                 self.config.email_template_dir,
                 self.config.email_password_reset_failure_template,
-                template_vars={
-                    "failure_reason": e.msg,
-                }
+                template_vars={"failure_reason": e.msg},
             )
             request.setResponseCode(e.code)
 
-        request.write(html.encode('utf-8'))
+        request.write(html.encode("utf-8"))
         finish_request(request)
         defer.returnValue(None)
 
@@ -339,22 +328,16 @@ class PasswordResetSubmitTokenServlet(RestServlet):
     def on_POST(self, request, medium):
         if medium != "email":
             raise SynapseError(
-                400,
-                "This medium is currently not supported for password resets",
+                400, "This medium is currently not supported for password resets"
             )
 
         body = parse_json_object_from_request(request)
-        assert_params_in_dict(body, [
-            'sid', 'client_secret', 'token',
-        ])
+        assert_params_in_dict(body, ["sid", "client_secret", "token"])
 
         assert_valid_client_secret(body["client_secret"])
 
         valid, _ = yield self.datastore.validate_threepid_session(
-            body['sid'],
-            body['client_secret'],
-            body['token'],
-            self.clock.time_msec(),
+            body["sid"], body["client_secret"], body["token"], self.clock.time_msec()
         )
         response_code = 200 if valid else 400
 
@@ -395,29 +378,30 @@ class PasswordRestServlet(RestServlet):
                 params = body
             else:
                 params = yield self.auth_handler.validate_user_via_ui_auth(
-                    requester, body, self.hs.get_ip_from_request(request),
+                    requester, body, self.hs.get_ip_from_request(request)
                 )
             user_id = requester.user.to_string()
         else:
             requester = None
             result, params, _ = yield self.auth_handler.check_auth(
                 [[LoginType.EMAIL_IDENTITY], [LoginType.MSISDN]],
-                body, self.hs.get_ip_from_request(request),
+                body,
+                self.hs.get_ip_from_request(request),
                 password_servlet=True,
             )
 
             if LoginType.EMAIL_IDENTITY in result:
                 threepid = result[LoginType.EMAIL_IDENTITY]
-                if 'medium' not in threepid or 'address' not in threepid:
+                if "medium" not in threepid or "address" not in threepid:
                     raise SynapseError(500, "Malformed threepid")
-                if threepid['medium'] == 'email':
+                if threepid["medium"] == "email":
                     # For emails, transform the address to lowercase.
                     # We store all email addreses as lowercase in the DB.
                     # (See add_threepid in synapse/handlers/auth.py)
-                    threepid['address'] = threepid['address'].lower()
+                    threepid["address"] = threepid["address"].lower()
                 # if using email, we must know about the email they're authing with!
                 threepid_user_id = yield self.datastore.get_user_id_by_threepid(
-                    threepid['medium'], threepid['address']
+                    threepid["medium"], threepid["address"]
                 )
                 if not threepid_user_id:
                     raise SynapseError(404, "Email address not found", Codes.NOT_FOUND)
@@ -427,11 +411,9 @@ class PasswordRestServlet(RestServlet):
                 raise SynapseError(500, "", Codes.UNKNOWN)
 
         assert_params_in_dict(params, ["new_password"])
-        new_password = params['new_password']
+        new_password = params["new_password"]
 
-        yield self._set_password_handler.set_password(
-            user_id, new_password, requester
-        )
+        yield self._set_password_handler.set_password(user_id, new_password, requester)
 
         if self.hs.config.shadow_server:
             shadow_user = UserID(
@@ -451,10 +433,9 @@ class PasswordRestServlet(RestServlet):
         as_token = self.hs.config.shadow_server.get("as_token")
 
         yield self.http_client.post_json_get_json(
-            "%s/_matrix/client/r0/account/password?access_token=%s&user_id=%s" % (
-                shadow_hs_url, as_token, user_id,
-            ),
-            body
+            "%s/_matrix/client/r0/account/password?access_token=%s&user_id=%s"
+            % (shadow_hs_url, as_token, user_id),
+            body,
         )
 
 
@@ -485,25 +466,22 @@ class DeactivateAccountRestServlet(RestServlet):
         # allow ASes to dectivate their own users
         if requester.app_service:
             yield self._deactivate_account_handler.deactivate_account(
-                requester.user.to_string(), erase,
+                requester.user.to_string(), erase
             )
             defer.returnValue((200, {}))
 
         yield self.auth_handler.validate_user_via_ui_auth(
-            requester, body, self.hs.get_ip_from_request(request),
+            requester, body, self.hs.get_ip_from_request(request)
         )
         result = yield self._deactivate_account_handler.deactivate_account(
-            requester.user.to_string(), erase,
-            id_server=body.get("id_server"),
+            requester.user.to_string(), erase, id_server=body.get("id_server")
         )
         if result:
             id_server_unbind_result = "success"
         else:
             id_server_unbind_result = "no-support"
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, {
-            "id_server_unbind_result": id_server_unbind_result,
-        }))
+        defer.returnValue((200, {"id_server_unbind_result": id_server_unbind_result}))
 
 
 class EmailThreepidRequestTokenRestServlet(RestServlet):
@@ -519,11 +497,10 @@ class EmailThreepidRequestTokenRestServlet(RestServlet):
     def on_POST(self, request):
         body = parse_json_object_from_request(request)
         assert_params_in_dict(
-            body,
-            ['id_server', 'client_secret', 'email', 'send_attempt'],
+            body, ["id_server", "client_secret", "email", "send_attempt"]
         )
 
-        if not (yield check_3pid_allowed(self.hs, "email", body['email'])):
+        if not (yield check_3pid_allowed(self.hs, "email", body["email"])):
             raise SynapseError(
                 403,
                 "Your email is not authorized on this server",
@@ -533,7 +510,7 @@ class EmailThreepidRequestTokenRestServlet(RestServlet):
         assert_valid_client_secret(body["client_secret"])
 
         existingUid = yield self.datastore.get_user_id_by_threepid(
-            'email', body['email']
+            "email", body["email"]
         )
 
         if existingUid is not None:
@@ -555,12 +532,12 @@ class MsisdnThreepidRequestTokenRestServlet(RestServlet):
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_POST(self, request):
         body = parse_json_object_from_request(request)
-        assert_params_in_dict(body, [
-            'id_server', 'client_secret',
-            'country', 'phone_number', 'send_attempt',
-        ])
+        assert_params_in_dict(
+            body,
+            ["id_server", "client_secret", "country", "phone_number", "send_attempt"],
+        )
 
-        msisdn = phone_number_to_msisdn(body['country'], body['phone_number'])
+        msisdn = phone_number_to_msisdn(body["country"], body["phone_number"])
 
         if not (yield check_3pid_allowed(self.hs, "msisdn", msisdn)):
             raise SynapseError(
@@ -571,9 +548,7 @@ class MsisdnThreepidRequestTokenRestServlet(RestServlet):
 
         assert_valid_client_secret(body["client_secret"])
 
-        existingUid = yield self.datastore.get_user_id_by_threepid(
-            'msisdn', msisdn
-        )
+        existingUid = yield self.datastore.get_user_id_by_threepid("msisdn", msisdn)
 
         if existingUid is not None:
             raise SynapseError(400, "MSISDN is already in use", Codes.THREEPID_IN_USE)
@@ -598,11 +573,9 @@ class ThreepidRestServlet(RestServlet):
     def on_GET(self, request):
         requester = yield self.auth.get_user_by_req(request)
 
-        threepids = yield self.datastore.user_get_threepids(
-            requester.user.to_string()
-        )
+        threepids = yield self.datastore.user_get_threepids(requester.user.to_string())
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, {'threepids': threepids}))
+        defer.returnValue((200, {"threepids": threepids}))
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_POST(self, request):
@@ -616,8 +589,8 @@ class ThreepidRestServlet(RestServlet):
 
         # skip validation if this is a shadow 3PID from an AS
         if not requester.app_service:
-            threePidCreds = body.get('threePidCreds')
-            threePidCreds = body.get('three_pid_creds', threePidCreds)
+            threePidCreds = body.get("threePidCreds")
+            threePidCreds = body.get("three_pid_creds", threePidCreds)
             if threePidCreds is None:
                 raise SynapseError(400, "Missing param", Codes.MISSING_PARAM)
 
@@ -628,7 +601,7 @@ class ThreepidRestServlet(RestServlet):
                     400, "Failed to auth 3pid", Codes.THREEPID_AUTH_FAILED
                 )
 
-            for reqd in ['medium', 'address', 'validated_at']:
+            for reqd in ["medium", "address", "validated_at"]:
                 if reqd not in threepid:
                     logger.warn("Couldn't add 3pid: invalid response from ID server")
                     raise SynapseError(500, "Invalid response from ID Server")
@@ -637,29 +610,21 @@ class ThreepidRestServlet(RestServlet):
             # This makes the API entirely change shape when we have an AS token;
             # it really should be an entirely separate API - perhaps
             # /account/3pid/replicate or something.
-            threepid = body.get('threepid')
+            threepid = body.get("threepid")
 
         yield self.auth_handler.add_threepid(
-            user_id,
-            threepid['medium'],
-            threepid['address'],
-            threepid['validated_at'],
+            user_id, threepid["medium"], threepid["address"], threepid["validated_at"]
         )
 
-        if not requester.app_service and ('bind' in body and body['bind']):
-            logger.debug(
-                "Binding threepid %s to %s",
-                threepid, user_id
-            )
-            yield self.identity_handler.bind_threepid(
-                threePidCreds, user_id
-            )
+        if not requester.app_service and ("bind" in body and body["bind"]):
+            logger.debug("Binding threepid %s to %s", threepid, user_id)
+            yield self.identity_handler.bind_threepid(threePidCreds, user_id)
 
         if self.hs.config.shadow_server:
             shadow_user = UserID(
                 requester.user.localpart, self.hs.config.shadow_server.get("hs")
             )
-            self.shadow_3pid({'threepid': threepid}, shadow_user.to_string())
+            self.shadow_3pid({"threepid": threepid}, shadow_user.to_string())
 
         defer.returnValue((200, {}))
 
@@ -670,10 +635,9 @@ class ThreepidRestServlet(RestServlet):
         as_token = self.hs.config.shadow_server.get("as_token")
 
         yield self.http_client.post_json_get_json(
-            "%s/_matrix/client/r0/account/3pid?access_token=%s&user_id=%s" % (
-                shadow_hs_url, as_token, user_id,
-            ),
-            body
+            "%s/_matrix/client/r0/account/3pid?access_token=%s&user_id=%s"
+            % (shadow_hs_url, as_token, user_id),
+            body,
         )
 
 
@@ -693,14 +657,14 @@ class ThreepidDeleteRestServlet(RestServlet):
             raise SynapseError(400, "3PID changes disabled on this server")
 
         body = parse_json_object_from_request(request)
-        assert_params_in_dict(body, ['medium', 'address'])
+        assert_params_in_dict(body, ["medium", "address"])
 
         requester = yield self.auth.get_user_by_req(request)
         user_id = requester.user.to_string()
 
         try:
             ret = yield self.auth_handler.delete_threepid(
-                user_id, body['medium'], body['address'], body.get("id_server"),
+                user_id, body["medium"], body["address"], body.get("id_server")
             )
         except Exception:
             # NB. This endpoint should succeed if there is nothing to
@@ -720,9 +684,7 @@ class ThreepidDeleteRestServlet(RestServlet):
         else:
             id_server_unbind_result = "no-support"
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, {
-            "id_server_unbind_result": id_server_unbind_result,
-        }))
+        defer.returnValue((200, {"id_server_unbind_result": id_server_unbind_result}))
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def shadow_3pid_delete(self, body, user_id):
@@ -731,10 +693,9 @@ class ThreepidDeleteRestServlet(RestServlet):
         as_token = self.hs.config.shadow_server.get("as_token")
 
         yield self.http_client.post_json_get_json(
-            "%s/_matrix/client/r0/account/3pid/delete?access_token=%s&user_id=%s" % (
-                shadow_hs_url, as_token, user_id
-            ),
-            body
+            "%s/_matrix/client/r0/account/3pid/delete?access_token=%s&user_id=%s"
+            % (shadow_hs_url, as_token, user_id),
+            body,
         )
 
 
@@ -791,7 +752,7 @@ class ThreepidBulkLookupRestServlet(RestServlet):
         # Proxy the request to the identity server. lookup_3pid handles checking
         # if the lookup is allowed so we don't need to do it here.
         ret = yield self.identity_handler.bulk_lookup_3pid(
-            body["id_server"], body["threepids"],
+            body["id_server"], body["threepids"]
         )
 
         defer.returnValue((200, ret))
@@ -808,7 +769,7 @@ class WhoamiRestServlet(RestServlet):
     def on_GET(self, request):
         requester = yield self.auth.get_user_by_req(request)
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, {'user_id': requester.user.to_string()}))
+        defer.returnValue((200, {"user_id": requester.user.to_string()}))
 
 
 def register_servlets(hs, http_server):
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/account_data.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/account_data.py
index 17b967d363..0bfb84bdcd 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/account_data.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/account_data.py
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ class AccountDataServlet(RestServlet):
     PUT /user/{user_id}/account_data/{account_dataType} HTTP/1.1
     GET /user/{user_id}/account_data/{account_dataType} HTTP/1.1
     """
+
     PATTERNS = client_patterns(
         "/user/(?P<user_id>[^/]*)/account_data/(?P<account_data_type>[^/]*)"
     )
@@ -52,16 +53,14 @@ class AccountDataServlet(RestServlet):
 
         if account_data_type == "im.vector.hide_profile":
             user = UserID.from_string(user_id)
-            hide_profile = body.get('hide_profile')
+            hide_profile = body.get("hide_profile")
             yield self._profile_handler.set_active(user, not hide_profile, True)
 
         max_id = yield self.store.add_account_data_for_user(
             user_id, account_data_type, body
         )
 
-        self.notifier.on_new_event(
-            "account_data_key", max_id, users=[user_id]
-        )
+        self.notifier.on_new_event("account_data_key", max_id, users=[user_id])
 
         defer.returnValue((200, {}))
 
@@ -72,7 +71,7 @@ class AccountDataServlet(RestServlet):
             raise AuthError(403, "Cannot get account data for other users.")
 
         event = yield self.store.get_global_account_data_by_type_for_user(
-            account_data_type, user_id,
+            account_data_type, user_id
         )
 
         if event is None:
@@ -86,6 +85,7 @@ class RoomAccountDataServlet(RestServlet):
     PUT /user/{user_id}/rooms/{room_id}/account_data/{account_dataType} HTTP/1.1
     GET /user/{user_id}/rooms/{room_id}/account_data/{account_dataType} HTTP/1.1
     """
+
     PATTERNS = client_patterns(
         "/user/(?P<user_id>[^/]*)"
         "/rooms/(?P<room_id>[^/]*)"
@@ -110,16 +110,14 @@ class RoomAccountDataServlet(RestServlet):
             raise SynapseError(
                 405,
                 "Cannot set m.fully_read through this API."
-                " Use /rooms/!roomId:server.name/read_markers"
+                " Use /rooms/!roomId:server.name/read_markers",
             )
 
         max_id = yield self.store.add_account_data_to_room(
             user_id, room_id, account_data_type, body
         )
 
-        self.notifier.on_new_event(
-            "account_data_key", max_id, users=[user_id]
-        )
+        self.notifier.on_new_event("account_data_key", max_id, users=[user_id])
 
         defer.returnValue((200, {}))
 
@@ -130,7 +128,7 @@ class RoomAccountDataServlet(RestServlet):
             raise AuthError(403, "Cannot get account data for other users.")
 
         event = yield self.store.get_account_data_for_room_and_type(
-            user_id, room_id, account_data_type,
+            user_id, room_id, account_data_type
         )
 
         if event is None:
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/account_validity.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/account_validity.py
index 8091b78285..33f6a23028 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/account_validity.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/account_validity.py
@@ -28,7 +28,9 @@ logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 class AccountValidityRenewServlet(RestServlet):
     PATTERNS = client_patterns("/account_validity/renew$")
-    SUCCESS_HTML = b"<html><body>Your account has been successfully renewed.</body><html>"
+    SUCCESS_HTML = (
+        b"<html><body>Your account has been successfully renewed.</body><html>"
+    )
 
     def __init__(self, hs):
         """
@@ -86,7 +88,9 @@ class AccountValiditySendMailServlet(RestServlet):
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_POST(self, request):
         if not self.account_validity.renew_by_email_enabled:
-            raise AuthError(403, "Account renewal via email is disabled on this server.")
+            raise AuthError(
+                403, "Account renewal via email is disabled on this server."
+            )
 
         requester = yield self.auth.get_user_by_req(request, allow_expired=True)
         user_id = requester.user.to_string()
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/auth.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/auth.py
index 8dfe5cba02..bebc2951e7 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/auth.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/auth.py
@@ -122,6 +122,7 @@ class AuthRestServlet(RestServlet):
     cannot be handled in the normal flow (with requests to the same endpoint).
     Current use is for web fallback auth.
     """
+
     PATTERNS = client_patterns(r"/auth/(?P<stagetype>[\w\.]*)/fallback/web")
 
     def __init__(self, hs):
@@ -138,11 +139,10 @@ class AuthRestServlet(RestServlet):
 
         if stagetype == LoginType.RECAPTCHA:
             html = RECAPTCHA_TEMPLATE % {
-                'session': session,
-                'myurl': "%s/r0/auth/%s/fallback/web" % (
-                    CLIENT_API_PREFIX, LoginType.RECAPTCHA
-                ),
-                'sitekey': self.hs.config.recaptcha_public_key,
+                "session": session,
+                "myurl": "%s/r0/auth/%s/fallback/web"
+                % (CLIENT_API_PREFIX, LoginType.RECAPTCHA),
+                "sitekey": self.hs.config.recaptcha_public_key,
             }
             html_bytes = html.encode("utf8")
             request.setResponseCode(200)
@@ -154,14 +154,11 @@ class AuthRestServlet(RestServlet):
             return None
         elif stagetype == LoginType.TERMS:
             html = TERMS_TEMPLATE % {
-                'session': session,
-                'terms_url': "%s_matrix/consent?v=%s" % (
-                    self.hs.config.public_baseurl,
-                    self.hs.config.user_consent_version,
-                ),
-                'myurl': "%s/r0/auth/%s/fallback/web" % (
-                    CLIENT_API_PREFIX, LoginType.TERMS
-                ),
+                "session": session,
+                "terms_url": "%s_matrix/consent?v=%s"
+                % (self.hs.config.public_baseurl, self.hs.config.user_consent_version),
+                "myurl": "%s/r0/auth/%s/fallback/web"
+                % (CLIENT_API_PREFIX, LoginType.TERMS),
             }
             html_bytes = html.encode("utf8")
             request.setResponseCode(200)
@@ -187,26 +184,20 @@ class AuthRestServlet(RestServlet):
             if not response:
                 raise SynapseError(400, "No captcha response supplied")
 
-            authdict = {
-                'response': response,
-                'session': session,
-            }
+            authdict = {"response": response, "session": session}
 
             success = yield self.auth_handler.add_oob_auth(
-                LoginType.RECAPTCHA,
-                authdict,
-                self.hs.get_ip_from_request(request)
+                LoginType.RECAPTCHA, authdict, self.hs.get_ip_from_request(request)
             )
 
             if success:
                 html = SUCCESS_TEMPLATE
             else:
                 html = RECAPTCHA_TEMPLATE % {
-                    'session': session,
-                    'myurl': "%s/r0/auth/%s/fallback/web" % (
-                        CLIENT_API_PREFIX, LoginType.RECAPTCHA
-                    ),
-                    'sitekey': self.hs.config.recaptcha_public_key,
+                    "session": session,
+                    "myurl": "%s/r0/auth/%s/fallback/web"
+                    % (CLIENT_API_PREFIX, LoginType.RECAPTCHA),
+                    "sitekey": self.hs.config.recaptcha_public_key,
                 }
             html_bytes = html.encode("utf8")
             request.setResponseCode(200)
@@ -218,31 +209,28 @@ class AuthRestServlet(RestServlet):
 
             defer.returnValue(None)
         elif stagetype == LoginType.TERMS:
-            if ('session' not in request.args or
-                    len(request.args['session'])) == 0:
+            if ("session" not in request.args or len(request.args["session"])) == 0:
                 raise SynapseError(400, "No session supplied")
 
-            session = request.args['session'][0]
-            authdict = {'session': session}
+            session = request.args["session"][0]
+            authdict = {"session": session}
 
             success = yield self.auth_handler.add_oob_auth(
-                LoginType.TERMS,
-                authdict,
-                self.hs.get_ip_from_request(request)
+                LoginType.TERMS, authdict, self.hs.get_ip_from_request(request)
             )
 
             if success:
                 html = SUCCESS_TEMPLATE
             else:
                 html = TERMS_TEMPLATE % {
-                    'session': session,
-                    'terms_url': "%s_matrix/consent?v=%s" % (
+                    "session": session,
+                    "terms_url": "%s_matrix/consent?v=%s"
+                    % (
                         self.hs.config.public_baseurl,
                         self.hs.config.user_consent_version,
                     ),
-                    'myurl': "%s/r0/auth/%s/fallback/web" % (
-                        CLIENT_API_PREFIX, LoginType.TERMS
-                    ),
+                    "myurl": "%s/r0/auth/%s/fallback/web"
+                    % (CLIENT_API_PREFIX, LoginType.TERMS),
                 }
             html_bytes = html.encode("utf8")
             request.setResponseCode(200)
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/devices.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/devices.py
index 78665304a5..d279229d74 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/devices.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/devices.py
@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@ class DeleteDevicesRestServlet(RestServlet):
     API for bulk deletion of devices. Accepts a JSON object with a devices
     key which lists the device_ids to delete. Requires user interactive auth.
     """
+
     PATTERNS = client_patterns("/delete_devices")
 
     def __init__(self, hs):
@@ -84,12 +85,11 @@ class DeleteDevicesRestServlet(RestServlet):
         assert_params_in_dict(body, ["devices"])
 
         yield self.auth_handler.validate_user_via_ui_auth(
-            requester, body, self.hs.get_ip_from_request(request),
+            requester, body, self.hs.get_ip_from_request(request)
         )
 
         yield self.device_handler.delete_devices(
-            requester.user.to_string(),
-            body['devices'],
+            requester.user.to_string(), body["devices"]
         )
         defer.returnValue((200, {}))
 
@@ -112,8 +112,7 @@ class DeviceRestServlet(RestServlet):
     def on_GET(self, request, device_id):
         requester = yield self.auth.get_user_by_req(request, allow_guest=True)
         device = yield self.device_handler.get_device(
-            requester.user.to_string(),
-            device_id,
+            requester.user.to_string(), device_id
         )
         defer.returnValue((200, device))
 
@@ -134,12 +133,10 @@ class DeviceRestServlet(RestServlet):
                 raise
 
         yield self.auth_handler.validate_user_via_ui_auth(
-            requester, body, self.hs.get_ip_from_request(request),
+            requester, body, self.hs.get_ip_from_request(request)
         )
 
-        yield self.device_handler.delete_device(
-            requester.user.to_string(), device_id,
-        )
+        yield self.device_handler.delete_device(requester.user.to_string(), device_id)
         defer.returnValue((200, {}))
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -148,9 +145,7 @@ class DeviceRestServlet(RestServlet):
 
         body = parse_json_object_from_request(request)
         yield self.device_handler.update_device(
-            requester.user.to_string(),
-            device_id,
-            body
+            requester.user.to_string(), device_id, body
         )
         defer.returnValue((200, {}))
 
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/filter.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/filter.py
index 65db48c3cc..3f0adf4a21 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/filter.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/filter.py
@@ -53,8 +53,7 @@ class GetFilterRestServlet(RestServlet):
 
         try:
             filter = yield self.filtering.get_user_filter(
-                user_localpart=target_user.localpart,
-                filter_id=filter_id,
+                user_localpart=target_user.localpart, filter_id=filter_id
             )
 
             defer.returnValue((200, filter.get_filter_json()))
@@ -84,14 +83,10 @@ class CreateFilterRestServlet(RestServlet):
             raise AuthError(403, "Can only create filters for local users")
 
         content = parse_json_object_from_request(request)
-        set_timeline_upper_limit(
-            content,
-            self.hs.config.filter_timeline_limit
-        )
+        set_timeline_upper_limit(content, self.hs.config.filter_timeline_limit)
 
         filter_id = yield self.filtering.add_user_filter(
-            user_localpart=target_user.localpart,
-            user_filter=content,
+            user_localpart=target_user.localpart, user_filter=content
         )
 
         defer.returnValue((200, {"filter_id": str(filter_id)}))
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/groups.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/groups.py
index d082385ec7..a312dd2593 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/groups.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/groups.py
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 class GroupServlet(RestServlet):
     """Get the group profile
     """
+
     PATTERNS = client_patterns("/groups/(?P<group_id>[^/]*)/profile$")
 
     def __init__(self, hs):
@@ -43,8 +44,7 @@ class GroupServlet(RestServlet):
         requester_user_id = requester.user.to_string()
 
         group_description = yield self.groups_handler.get_group_profile(
-            group_id,
-            requester_user_id,
+            group_id, requester_user_id
         )
 
         defer.returnValue((200, group_description))
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ class GroupServlet(RestServlet):
 
         content = parse_json_object_from_request(request)
         yield self.groups_handler.update_group_profile(
-            group_id, requester_user_id, content,
+            group_id, requester_user_id, content
         )
 
         defer.returnValue((200, {}))
@@ -65,6 +65,7 @@ class GroupServlet(RestServlet):
 class GroupSummaryServlet(RestServlet):
     """Get the full group summary
     """
+
     PATTERNS = client_patterns("/groups/(?P<group_id>[^/]*)/summary$")
 
     def __init__(self, hs):
@@ -79,8 +80,7 @@ class GroupSummaryServlet(RestServlet):
         requester_user_id = requester.user.to_string()
 
         get_group_summary = yield self.groups_handler.get_group_summary(
-            group_id,
-            requester_user_id,
+            group_id, requester_user_id
         )
 
         defer.returnValue((200, get_group_summary))
@@ -93,6 +93,7 @@ class GroupSummaryRoomsCatServlet(RestServlet):
         - /groups/:group/summary/rooms/:room_id
         - /groups/:group/summary/categories/:category/rooms/:room_id
     """
+
     PATTERNS = client_patterns(
         "/groups/(?P<group_id>[^/]*)/summary"
         "(/categories/(?P<category_id>[^/]+))?"
@@ -112,7 +113,8 @@ class GroupSummaryRoomsCatServlet(RestServlet):
 
         content = parse_json_object_from_request(request)
         resp = yield self.groups_handler.update_group_summary_room(
-            group_id, requester_user_id,
+            group_id,
+            requester_user_id,
             room_id=room_id,
             category_id=category_id,
             content=content,
@@ -126,9 +128,7 @@ class GroupSummaryRoomsCatServlet(RestServlet):
         requester_user_id = requester.user.to_string()
 
         resp = yield self.groups_handler.delete_group_summary_room(
-            group_id, requester_user_id,
-            room_id=room_id,
-            category_id=category_id,
+            group_id, requester_user_id, room_id=room_id, category_id=category_id
         )
 
         defer.returnValue((200, resp))
@@ -137,6 +137,7 @@ class GroupSummaryRoomsCatServlet(RestServlet):
 class GroupCategoryServlet(RestServlet):
     """Get/add/update/delete a group category
     """
+
     PATTERNS = client_patterns(
         "/groups/(?P<group_id>[^/]*)/categories/(?P<category_id>[^/]+)$"
     )
@@ -153,8 +154,7 @@ class GroupCategoryServlet(RestServlet):
         requester_user_id = requester.user.to_string()
 
         category = yield self.groups_handler.get_group_category(
-            group_id, requester_user_id,
-            category_id=category_id,
+            group_id, requester_user_id, category_id=category_id
         )
 
         defer.returnValue((200, category))
@@ -166,9 +166,7 @@ class GroupCategoryServlet(RestServlet):
 
         content = parse_json_object_from_request(request)
         resp = yield self.groups_handler.update_group_category(
-            group_id, requester_user_id,
-            category_id=category_id,
-            content=content,
+            group_id, requester_user_id, category_id=category_id, content=content
         )
 
         defer.returnValue((200, resp))
@@ -179,8 +177,7 @@ class GroupCategoryServlet(RestServlet):
         requester_user_id = requester.user.to_string()
 
         resp = yield self.groups_handler.delete_group_category(
-            group_id, requester_user_id,
-            category_id=category_id,
+            group_id, requester_user_id, category_id=category_id
         )
 
         defer.returnValue((200, resp))
@@ -189,9 +186,8 @@ class GroupCategoryServlet(RestServlet):
 class GroupCategoriesServlet(RestServlet):
     """Get all group categories
     """
-    PATTERNS = client_patterns(
-        "/groups/(?P<group_id>[^/]*)/categories/$"
-    )
+
+    PATTERNS = client_patterns("/groups/(?P<group_id>[^/]*)/categories/$")
 
     def __init__(self, hs):
         super(GroupCategoriesServlet, self).__init__()
@@ -205,7 +201,7 @@ class GroupCategoriesServlet(RestServlet):
         requester_user_id = requester.user.to_string()
 
         category = yield self.groups_handler.get_group_categories(
-            group_id, requester_user_id,
+            group_id, requester_user_id
         )
 
         defer.returnValue((200, category))
@@ -214,9 +210,8 @@ class GroupCategoriesServlet(RestServlet):
 class GroupRoleServlet(RestServlet):
     """Get/add/update/delete a group role
     """
-    PATTERNS = client_patterns(
-        "/groups/(?P<group_id>[^/]*)/roles/(?P<role_id>[^/]+)$"
-    )
+
+    PATTERNS = client_patterns("/groups/(?P<group_id>[^/]*)/roles/(?P<role_id>[^/]+)$")
 
     def __init__(self, hs):
         super(GroupRoleServlet, self).__init__()
@@ -230,8 +225,7 @@ class GroupRoleServlet(RestServlet):
         requester_user_id = requester.user.to_string()
 
         category = yield self.groups_handler.get_group_role(
-            group_id, requester_user_id,
-            role_id=role_id,
+            group_id, requester_user_id, role_id=role_id
         )
 
         defer.returnValue((200, category))
@@ -243,9 +237,7 @@ class GroupRoleServlet(RestServlet):
 
         content = parse_json_object_from_request(request)
         resp = yield self.groups_handler.update_group_role(
-            group_id, requester_user_id,
-            role_id=role_id,
-            content=content,
+            group_id, requester_user_id, role_id=role_id, content=content
         )
 
         defer.returnValue((200, resp))
@@ -256,8 +248,7 @@ class GroupRoleServlet(RestServlet):
         requester_user_id = requester.user.to_string()
 
         resp = yield self.groups_handler.delete_group_role(
-            group_id, requester_user_id,
-            role_id=role_id,
+            group_id, requester_user_id, role_id=role_id
         )
 
         defer.returnValue((200, resp))
@@ -266,9 +257,8 @@ class GroupRoleServlet(RestServlet):
 class GroupRolesServlet(RestServlet):
     """Get all group roles
     """
-    PATTERNS = client_patterns(
-        "/groups/(?P<group_id>[^/]*)/roles/$"
-    )
+
+    PATTERNS = client_patterns("/groups/(?P<group_id>[^/]*)/roles/$")
 
     def __init__(self, hs):
         super(GroupRolesServlet, self).__init__()
@@ -282,7 +272,7 @@ class GroupRolesServlet(RestServlet):
         requester_user_id = requester.user.to_string()
 
         category = yield self.groups_handler.get_group_roles(
-            group_id, requester_user_id,
+            group_id, requester_user_id
         )
 
         defer.returnValue((200, category))
@@ -295,6 +285,7 @@ class GroupSummaryUsersRoleServlet(RestServlet):
         - /groups/:group/summary/users/:room_id
         - /groups/:group/summary/roles/:role/users/:user_id
     """
+
     PATTERNS = client_patterns(
         "/groups/(?P<group_id>[^/]*)/summary"
         "(/roles/(?P<role_id>[^/]+))?"
@@ -314,7 +305,8 @@ class GroupSummaryUsersRoleServlet(RestServlet):
 
         content = parse_json_object_from_request(request)
         resp = yield self.groups_handler.update_group_summary_user(
-            group_id, requester_user_id,
+            group_id,
+            requester_user_id,
             user_id=user_id,
             role_id=role_id,
             content=content,
@@ -328,9 +320,7 @@ class GroupSummaryUsersRoleServlet(RestServlet):
         requester_user_id = requester.user.to_string()
 
         resp = yield self.groups_handler.delete_group_summary_user(
-            group_id, requester_user_id,
-            user_id=user_id,
-            role_id=role_id,
+            group_id, requester_user_id, user_id=user_id, role_id=role_id
         )
 
         defer.returnValue((200, resp))
@@ -339,6 +329,7 @@ class GroupSummaryUsersRoleServlet(RestServlet):
 class GroupRoomServlet(RestServlet):
     """Get all rooms in a group
     """
+
     PATTERNS = client_patterns("/groups/(?P<group_id>[^/]*)/rooms$")
 
     def __init__(self, hs):
@@ -352,7 +343,9 @@ class GroupRoomServlet(RestServlet):
         requester = yield self.auth.get_user_by_req(request, allow_guest=True)
         requester_user_id = requester.user.to_string()
 
-        result = yield self.groups_handler.get_rooms_in_group(group_id, requester_user_id)
+        result = yield self.groups_handler.get_rooms_in_group(
+            group_id, requester_user_id
+        )
 
         defer.returnValue((200, result))
 
@@ -360,6 +353,7 @@ class GroupRoomServlet(RestServlet):
 class GroupUsersServlet(RestServlet):
     """Get all users in a group
     """
+
     PATTERNS = client_patterns("/groups/(?P<group_id>[^/]*)/users$")
 
     def __init__(self, hs):
@@ -373,7 +367,9 @@ class GroupUsersServlet(RestServlet):
         requester = yield self.auth.get_user_by_req(request, allow_guest=True)
         requester_user_id = requester.user.to_string()
 
-        result = yield self.groups_handler.get_users_in_group(group_id, requester_user_id)
+        result = yield self.groups_handler.get_users_in_group(
+            group_id, requester_user_id
+        )
 
         defer.returnValue((200, result))
 
@@ -381,6 +377,7 @@ class GroupUsersServlet(RestServlet):
 class GroupInvitedUsersServlet(RestServlet):
     """Get users invited to a group
     """
+
     PATTERNS = client_patterns("/groups/(?P<group_id>[^/]*)/invited_users$")
 
     def __init__(self, hs):
@@ -395,8 +392,7 @@ class GroupInvitedUsersServlet(RestServlet):
         requester_user_id = requester.user.to_string()
 
         result = yield self.groups_handler.get_invited_users_in_group(
-            group_id,
-            requester_user_id,
+            group_id, requester_user_id
         )
 
         defer.returnValue((200, result))
@@ -405,6 +401,7 @@ class GroupInvitedUsersServlet(RestServlet):
 class GroupSettingJoinPolicyServlet(RestServlet):
     """Set group join policy
     """
+
     PATTERNS = client_patterns("/groups/(?P<group_id>[^/]*)/settings/m.join_policy$")
 
     def __init__(self, hs):
@@ -420,9 +417,7 @@ class GroupSettingJoinPolicyServlet(RestServlet):
         content = parse_json_object_from_request(request)
 
         result = yield self.groups_handler.set_group_join_policy(
-            group_id,
-            requester_user_id,
-            content,
+            group_id, requester_user_id, content
         )
 
         defer.returnValue((200, result))
@@ -431,6 +426,7 @@ class GroupSettingJoinPolicyServlet(RestServlet):
 class GroupCreateServlet(RestServlet):
     """Create a group
     """
+
     PATTERNS = client_patterns("/create_group$")
 
     def __init__(self, hs):
@@ -451,9 +447,7 @@ class GroupCreateServlet(RestServlet):
         group_id = GroupID(localpart, self.server_name).to_string()
 
         result = yield self.groups_handler.create_group(
-            group_id,
-            requester_user_id,
-            content,
+            group_id, requester_user_id, content
         )
 
         defer.returnValue((200, result))
@@ -462,6 +456,7 @@ class GroupCreateServlet(RestServlet):
 class GroupAdminRoomsServlet(RestServlet):
     """Add a room to the group
     """
+
     PATTERNS = client_patterns(
         "/groups/(?P<group_id>[^/]*)/admin/rooms/(?P<room_id>[^/]*)$"
     )
@@ -479,7 +474,7 @@ class GroupAdminRoomsServlet(RestServlet):
 
         content = parse_json_object_from_request(request)
         result = yield self.groups_handler.add_room_to_group(
-            group_id, requester_user_id, room_id, content,
+            group_id, requester_user_id, room_id, content
         )
 
         defer.returnValue((200, result))
@@ -490,7 +485,7 @@ class GroupAdminRoomsServlet(RestServlet):
         requester_user_id = requester.user.to_string()
 
         result = yield self.groups_handler.remove_room_from_group(
-            group_id, requester_user_id, room_id,
+            group_id, requester_user_id, room_id
         )
 
         defer.returnValue((200, result))
@@ -499,6 +494,7 @@ class GroupAdminRoomsServlet(RestServlet):
 class GroupAdminRoomsConfigServlet(RestServlet):
     """Update the config of a room in a group
     """
+
     PATTERNS = client_patterns(
         "/groups/(?P<group_id>[^/]*)/admin/rooms/(?P<room_id>[^/]*)"
         "/config/(?P<config_key>[^/]*)$"
@@ -517,7 +513,7 @@ class GroupAdminRoomsConfigServlet(RestServlet):
 
         content = parse_json_object_from_request(request)
         result = yield self.groups_handler.update_room_in_group(
-            group_id, requester_user_id, room_id, config_key, content,
+            group_id, requester_user_id, room_id, config_key, content
         )
 
         defer.returnValue((200, result))
@@ -526,6 +522,7 @@ class GroupAdminRoomsConfigServlet(RestServlet):
 class GroupAdminUsersInviteServlet(RestServlet):
     """Invite a user to the group
     """
+
     PATTERNS = client_patterns(
         "/groups/(?P<group_id>[^/]*)/admin/users/invite/(?P<user_id>[^/]*)$"
     )
@@ -546,7 +543,7 @@ class GroupAdminUsersInviteServlet(RestServlet):
         content = parse_json_object_from_request(request)
         config = content.get("config", {})
         result = yield self.groups_handler.invite(
-            group_id, user_id, requester_user_id, config,
+            group_id, user_id, requester_user_id, config
         )
 
         defer.returnValue((200, result))
@@ -555,6 +552,7 @@ class GroupAdminUsersInviteServlet(RestServlet):
 class GroupAdminUsersKickServlet(RestServlet):
     """Kick a user from the group
     """
+
     PATTERNS = client_patterns(
         "/groups/(?P<group_id>[^/]*)/admin/users/remove/(?P<user_id>[^/]*)$"
     )
@@ -572,7 +570,7 @@ class GroupAdminUsersKickServlet(RestServlet):
 
         content = parse_json_object_from_request(request)
         result = yield self.groups_handler.remove_user_from_group(
-            group_id, user_id, requester_user_id, content,
+            group_id, user_id, requester_user_id, content
         )
 
         defer.returnValue((200, result))
@@ -581,9 +579,8 @@ class GroupAdminUsersKickServlet(RestServlet):
 class GroupSelfLeaveServlet(RestServlet):
     """Leave a joined group
     """
-    PATTERNS = client_patterns(
-        "/groups/(?P<group_id>[^/]*)/self/leave$"
-    )
+
+    PATTERNS = client_patterns("/groups/(?P<group_id>[^/]*)/self/leave$")
 
     def __init__(self, hs):
         super(GroupSelfLeaveServlet, self).__init__()
@@ -598,7 +595,7 @@ class GroupSelfLeaveServlet(RestServlet):
 
         content = parse_json_object_from_request(request)
         result = yield self.groups_handler.remove_user_from_group(
-            group_id, requester_user_id, requester_user_id, content,
+            group_id, requester_user_id, requester_user_id, content
         )
 
         defer.returnValue((200, result))
@@ -607,9 +604,8 @@ class GroupSelfLeaveServlet(RestServlet):
 class GroupSelfJoinServlet(RestServlet):
     """Attempt to join a group, or knock
     """
-    PATTERNS = client_patterns(
-        "/groups/(?P<group_id>[^/]*)/self/join$"
-    )
+
+    PATTERNS = client_patterns("/groups/(?P<group_id>[^/]*)/self/join$")
 
     def __init__(self, hs):
         super(GroupSelfJoinServlet, self).__init__()
@@ -624,7 +620,7 @@ class GroupSelfJoinServlet(RestServlet):
 
         content = parse_json_object_from_request(request)
         result = yield self.groups_handler.join_group(
-            group_id, requester_user_id, content,
+            group_id, requester_user_id, content
         )
 
         defer.returnValue((200, result))
@@ -633,9 +629,8 @@ class GroupSelfJoinServlet(RestServlet):
 class GroupSelfAcceptInviteServlet(RestServlet):
     """Accept a group invite
     """
-    PATTERNS = client_patterns(
-        "/groups/(?P<group_id>[^/]*)/self/accept_invite$"
-    )
+
+    PATTERNS = client_patterns("/groups/(?P<group_id>[^/]*)/self/accept_invite$")
 
     def __init__(self, hs):
         super(GroupSelfAcceptInviteServlet, self).__init__()
@@ -650,7 +645,7 @@ class GroupSelfAcceptInviteServlet(RestServlet):
 
         content = parse_json_object_from_request(request)
         result = yield self.groups_handler.accept_invite(
-            group_id, requester_user_id, content,
+            group_id, requester_user_id, content
         )
 
         defer.returnValue((200, result))
@@ -659,9 +654,8 @@ class GroupSelfAcceptInviteServlet(RestServlet):
 class GroupSelfUpdatePublicityServlet(RestServlet):
     """Update whether we publicise a users membership of a group
     """
-    PATTERNS = client_patterns(
-        "/groups/(?P<group_id>[^/]*)/self/update_publicity$"
-    )
+
+    PATTERNS = client_patterns("/groups/(?P<group_id>[^/]*)/self/update_publicity$")
 
     def __init__(self, hs):
         super(GroupSelfUpdatePublicityServlet, self).__init__()
@@ -676,9 +670,7 @@ class GroupSelfUpdatePublicityServlet(RestServlet):
 
         content = parse_json_object_from_request(request)
         publicise = content["publicise"]
-        yield self.store.update_group_publicity(
-            group_id, requester_user_id, publicise,
-        )
+        yield self.store.update_group_publicity(group_id, requester_user_id, publicise)
 
         defer.returnValue((200, {}))
 
@@ -686,9 +678,8 @@ class GroupSelfUpdatePublicityServlet(RestServlet):
 class PublicisedGroupsForUserServlet(RestServlet):
     """Get the list of groups a user is advertising
     """
-    PATTERNS = client_patterns(
-        "/publicised_groups/(?P<user_id>[^/]*)$"
-    )
+
+    PATTERNS = client_patterns("/publicised_groups/(?P<user_id>[^/]*)$")
 
     def __init__(self, hs):
         super(PublicisedGroupsForUserServlet, self).__init__()
@@ -701,9 +692,7 @@ class PublicisedGroupsForUserServlet(RestServlet):
     def on_GET(self, request, user_id):
         yield self.auth.get_user_by_req(request, allow_guest=True)
 
-        result = yield self.groups_handler.get_publicised_groups_for_user(
-            user_id
-        )
+        result = yield self.groups_handler.get_publicised_groups_for_user(user_id)
 
         defer.returnValue((200, result))
 
@@ -711,9 +700,8 @@ class PublicisedGroupsForUserServlet(RestServlet):
 class PublicisedGroupsForUsersServlet(RestServlet):
     """Get the list of groups a user is advertising
     """
-    PATTERNS = client_patterns(
-        "/publicised_groups$"
-    )
+
+    PATTERNS = client_patterns("/publicised_groups$")
 
     def __init__(self, hs):
         super(PublicisedGroupsForUsersServlet, self).__init__()
@@ -729,9 +717,7 @@ class PublicisedGroupsForUsersServlet(RestServlet):
         content = parse_json_object_from_request(request)
         user_ids = content["user_ids"]
 
-        result = yield self.groups_handler.bulk_get_publicised_groups(
-            user_ids
-        )
+        result = yield self.groups_handler.bulk_get_publicised_groups(user_ids)
 
         defer.returnValue((200, result))
 
@@ -739,9 +725,8 @@ class PublicisedGroupsForUsersServlet(RestServlet):
 class GroupsForUserServlet(RestServlet):
     """Get all groups the logged in user is joined to
     """
-    PATTERNS = client_patterns(
-        "/joined_groups$"
-    )
+
+    PATTERNS = client_patterns("/joined_groups$")
 
     def __init__(self, hs):
         super(GroupsForUserServlet, self).__init__()
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/keys.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/keys.py
index 4cbfbf5631..45c9928b65 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/keys.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/keys.py
@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@ class KeyUploadServlet(RestServlet):
       },
     }
     """
+
     PATTERNS = client_patterns("/keys/upload(/(?P<device_id>[^/]+))?$")
 
     def __init__(self, hs):
@@ -76,18 +77,19 @@ class KeyUploadServlet(RestServlet):
         if device_id is not None:
             # passing the device_id here is deprecated; however, we allow it
             # for now for compatibility with older clients.
-            if (requester.device_id is not None and
-                    device_id != requester.device_id):
-                logger.warning("Client uploading keys for a different device "
-                               "(logged in as %s, uploading for %s)",
-                               requester.device_id, device_id)
+            if requester.device_id is not None and device_id != requester.device_id:
+                logger.warning(
+                    "Client uploading keys for a different device "
+                    "(logged in as %s, uploading for %s)",
+                    requester.device_id,
+                    device_id,
+                )
         else:
             device_id = requester.device_id
 
         if device_id is None:
             raise SynapseError(
-                400,
-                "To upload keys, you must pass device_id when authenticating"
+                400, "To upload keys, you must pass device_id when authenticating"
             )
 
         result = yield self.e2e_keys_handler.upload_keys_for_user(
@@ -159,6 +161,7 @@ class KeyChangesServlet(RestServlet):
         200 OK
         { "changed": ["@foo:example.com"] }
     """
+
     PATTERNS = client_patterns("/keys/changes$")
 
     def __init__(self, hs):
@@ -184,9 +187,7 @@ class KeyChangesServlet(RestServlet):
 
         user_id = requester.user.to_string()
 
-        results = yield self.device_handler.get_user_ids_changed(
-            user_id, from_token,
-        )
+        results = yield self.device_handler.get_user_ids_changed(user_id, from_token)
 
         defer.returnValue((200, results))
 
@@ -209,6 +210,7 @@ class OneTimeKeyServlet(RestServlet):
     } } } }
 
     """
+
     PATTERNS = client_patterns("/keys/claim$")
 
     def __init__(self, hs):
@@ -221,10 +223,7 @@ class OneTimeKeyServlet(RestServlet):
         yield self.auth.get_user_by_req(request, allow_guest=True)
         timeout = parse_integer(request, "timeout", 10 * 1000)
         body = parse_json_object_from_request(request)
-        result = yield self.e2e_keys_handler.claim_one_time_keys(
-            body,
-            timeout,
-        )
+        result = yield self.e2e_keys_handler.claim_one_time_keys(body, timeout)
         defer.returnValue((200, result))
 
 
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/notifications.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/notifications.py
index 53e666989b..728a52328f 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/notifications.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/notifications.py
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ class NotificationsServlet(RestServlet):
         )
 
         receipts_by_room = yield self.store.get_receipts_for_user_with_orderings(
-            user_id, 'm.read'
+            user_id, "m.read"
         )
 
         notif_event_ids = [pa["event_id"] for pa in push_actions]
@@ -67,11 +67,13 @@ class NotificationsServlet(RestServlet):
                 "profile_tag": pa["profile_tag"],
                 "actions": pa["actions"],
                 "ts": pa["received_ts"],
-                "event": (yield self._event_serializer.serialize_event(
-                    notif_events[pa["event_id"]],
-                    self.clock.time_msec(),
-                    event_format=format_event_for_client_v2_without_room_id,
-                )),
+                "event": (
+                    yield self._event_serializer.serialize_event(
+                        notif_events[pa["event_id"]],
+                        self.clock.time_msec(),
+                        event_format=format_event_for_client_v2_without_room_id,
+                    )
+                ),
             }
 
             if pa["room_id"] not in receipts_by_room:
@@ -80,17 +82,15 @@ class NotificationsServlet(RestServlet):
                 receipt = receipts_by_room[pa["room_id"]]
 
                 returned_pa["read"] = (
-                    receipt["topological_ordering"], receipt["stream_ordering"]
-                ) >= (
-                    pa["topological_ordering"], pa["stream_ordering"]
-                )
+                    receipt["topological_ordering"],
+                    receipt["stream_ordering"],
+                ) >= (pa["topological_ordering"], pa["stream_ordering"])
             returned_push_actions.append(returned_pa)
             next_token = str(pa["stream_ordering"])
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, {
-            "notifications": returned_push_actions,
-            "next_token": next_token,
-        }))
+        defer.returnValue(
+            (200, {"notifications": returned_push_actions, "next_token": next_token})
+        )
 
 
 def register_servlets(hs, http_server):
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/openid.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/openid.py
index bb927d9f9d..b1b5385b09 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/openid.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/openid.py
@@ -56,9 +56,8 @@ class IdTokenServlet(RestServlet):
         "expires_in": 3600,
     }
     """
-    PATTERNS = client_patterns(
-        "/user/(?P<user_id>[^/]*)/openid/request_token"
-    )
+
+    PATTERNS = client_patterns("/user/(?P<user_id>[^/]*)/openid/request_token")
 
     EXPIRES_MS = 3600 * 1000
 
@@ -84,12 +83,17 @@ class IdTokenServlet(RestServlet):
 
         yield self.store.insert_open_id_token(token, ts_valid_until_ms, user_id)
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, {
-            "access_token": token,
-            "token_type": "Bearer",
-            "matrix_server_name": self.server_name,
-            "expires_in": self.EXPIRES_MS / 1000,
-        }))
+        defer.returnValue(
+            (
+                200,
+                {
+                    "access_token": token,
+                    "token_type": "Bearer",
+                    "matrix_server_name": self.server_name,
+                    "expires_in": self.EXPIRES_MS / 1000,
+                },
+            )
+        )
 
 
 def register_servlets(hs, http_server):
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/read_marker.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/read_marker.py
index f4bd0d077f..e75664279b 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/read_marker.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/read_marker.py
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ class ReadMarkerRestServlet(RestServlet):
                 room_id,
                 "m.read",
                 user_id=requester.user.to_string(),
-                event_id=read_event_id
+                event_id=read_event_id,
             )
 
         read_marker_event_id = body.get("m.fully_read", None)
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ class ReadMarkerRestServlet(RestServlet):
             yield self.read_marker_handler.received_client_read_marker(
                 room_id,
                 user_id=requester.user.to_string(),
-                event_id=read_marker_event_id
+                event_id=read_marker_event_id,
             )
 
         defer.returnValue((200, {}))
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/receipts.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/receipts.py
index fa12ac3e4d..488905626a 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/receipts.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/receipts.py
@@ -49,10 +49,7 @@ class ReceiptRestServlet(RestServlet):
         yield self.presence_handler.bump_presence_active_time(requester.user)
 
         yield self.receipts_handler.received_client_receipt(
-            room_id,
-            receipt_type,
-            user_id=requester.user.to_string(),
-            event_id=event_id
+            room_id, receipt_type, user_id=requester.user.to_string(), event_id=event_id
         )
 
         defer.returnValue((200, {}))
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/register.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/register.py
index 3d5a198278..bcacd2a2ca 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/register.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/register.py
@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@ from ._base import client_patterns, interactive_auth_handler
 if hasattr(hmac, "compare_digest"):
     compare_digest = hmac.compare_digest
 else:
+
     def compare_digest(a, b):
         return a == b
 
@@ -78,11 +79,11 @@ class EmailRegisterRequestTokenRestServlet(RestServlet):
     def on_POST(self, request):
         body = parse_json_object_from_request(request)
 
-        assert_params_in_dict(body, [
-            'id_server', 'client_secret', 'email', 'send_attempt'
-        ])
+        assert_params_in_dict(
+            body, ["id_server", "client_secret", "email", "send_attempt"]
+        )
 
-        if not (yield check_3pid_allowed(self.hs, "email", body['email'])):
+        if not (yield check_3pid_allowed(self.hs, "email", body["email"])):
             raise SynapseError(
                 403,
                 "Your email is not authorized to register on this server",
@@ -92,7 +93,7 @@ class EmailRegisterRequestTokenRestServlet(RestServlet):
         assert_params_in_dict(body["client_secret"])
 
         existingUid = yield self.hs.get_datastore().get_user_id_by_threepid(
-            'email', body['email']
+            "email", body["email"]
         )
 
         if existingUid is not None:
@@ -118,13 +119,12 @@ class MsisdnRegisterRequestTokenRestServlet(RestServlet):
     def on_POST(self, request):
         body = parse_json_object_from_request(request)
 
-        assert_params_in_dict(body, [
-            'id_server', 'client_secret',
-            'country', 'phone_number',
-            'send_attempt',
-        ])
+        assert_params_in_dict(
+            body,
+            ["id_server", "client_secret", "country", "phone_number", "send_attempt"],
+        )
 
-        msisdn = phone_number_to_msisdn(body['country'], body['phone_number'])
+        msisdn = phone_number_to_msisdn(body["country"], body["phone_number"])
 
         assert_valid_client_secret(body["client_secret"])
 
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ class MsisdnRegisterRequestTokenRestServlet(RestServlet):
             )
 
         existingUid = yield self.hs.get_datastore().get_user_id_by_threepid(
-            'msisdn', msisdn
+            "msisdn", msisdn
         )
 
         if existingUid is not None:
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ class UsernameAvailabilityRestServlet(RestServlet):
                 reject_limit=1,
                 # Allow 1 request at a time
                 concurrent_requests=1,
-            )
+            ),
         )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -220,7 +220,8 @@ class RegisterRestServlet(RestServlet):
         time_now = self.clock.time()
 
         allowed, time_allowed = self.ratelimiter.can_do_action(
-            client_addr, time_now_s=time_now,
+            client_addr,
+            time_now_s=time_now,
             rate_hz=self.hs.config.rc_registration.per_second,
             burst_count=self.hs.config.rc_registration.burst_count,
             update=False,
@@ -228,7 +229,7 @@ class RegisterRestServlet(RestServlet):
 
         if not allowed:
             raise LimitExceededError(
-                retry_after_ms=int(1000 * (time_allowed - time_now)),
+                retry_after_ms=int(1000 * (time_allowed - time_now))
             )
 
         kind = b"user"
@@ -247,21 +248,25 @@ class RegisterRestServlet(RestServlet):
         # we do basic sanity checks here because the auth layer will store these
         # in sessions. Pull out the username/password provided to us.
         desired_password = None
-        if 'password' in body:
-            if (not isinstance(body['password'], string_types) or
-                    len(body['password']) > 512):
+        if "password" in body:
+            if (
+                not isinstance(body["password"], string_types)
+                or len(body["password"]) > 512
+            ):
                 raise SynapseError(400, "Invalid password")
-            self.password_policy_handler.validate_password(body['password'])
+            self.password_policy_handler.validate_password(body["password"])
             desired_password = body["password"]
 
         desired_username = None
-        if 'username' in body:
-            if (not isinstance(body['username'], string_types) or
-                    len(body['username']) > 512):
+        if "username" in body:
+            if (
+                not isinstance(body["username"], string_types)
+                or len(body["username"]) > 512
+            ):
                 raise SynapseError(400, "Invalid username")
-            desired_username = body['username']
+            desired_username = body["username"]
 
-        desired_display_name = body.get('display_name')
+        desired_display_name = body.get("display_name")
 
         appservice = None
         if self.auth.has_access_token(request):
@@ -286,8 +291,11 @@ class RegisterRestServlet(RestServlet):
 
             if isinstance(desired_username, string_types):
                 result = yield self._do_appservice_registration(
-                    desired_username, desired_password, desired_display_name,
-                    access_token, body
+                    desired_username,
+                    desired_password,
+                    desired_display_name,
+                    access_token,
+                    body,
                 )
             defer.returnValue((200, result))  # we throw for non 200 responses
             return
@@ -302,7 +310,7 @@ class RegisterRestServlet(RestServlet):
             desired_username = desired_username.lower()
 
         # == Shared Secret Registration == (e.g. create new user scripts)
-        if 'mac' in body:
+        if "mac" in body:
             # FIXME: Should we really be determining if this is shared secret
             # auth based purely on the 'mac' key?
             result = yield self._do_shared_secret_registration(
@@ -317,16 +325,13 @@ class RegisterRestServlet(RestServlet):
 
         guest_access_token = body.get("guest_access_token", None)
 
-        if (
-            'initial_device_display_name' in body and
-            'password' not in body
-        ):
+        if "initial_device_display_name" in body and "password" not in body:
             # ignore 'initial_device_display_name' if sent without
             # a password to work around a client bug where it sent
             # the 'initial_device_display_name' param alone, wiping out
             # the original registration params
             logger.warn("Ignoring initial_device_display_name without password")
-            del body['initial_device_display_name']
+            del body["initial_device_display_name"]
 
         session_id = self.auth_handler.get_session_id(body)
         registered_user_id = None
@@ -348,8 +353,8 @@ class RegisterRestServlet(RestServlet):
 
         # FIXME: need a better error than "no auth flow found" for scenarios
         # where we required 3PID for registration but the user didn't give one
-        require_email = 'email' in self.hs.config.registrations_require_3pid
-        require_msisdn = 'msisdn' in self.hs.config.registrations_require_3pid
+        require_email = "email" in self.hs.config.registrations_require_3pid
+        require_msisdn = "msisdn" in self.hs.config.registrations_require_3pid
 
         show_msisdn = True
         if self.hs.config.disable_msisdn_registration:
@@ -374,9 +379,9 @@ class RegisterRestServlet(RestServlet):
                 if not require_email:
                     flows.extend([[LoginType.RECAPTCHA, LoginType.MSISDN]])
                 # always let users provide both MSISDN & email
-                flows.extend([
-                    [LoginType.RECAPTCHA, LoginType.MSISDN, LoginType.EMAIL_IDENTITY],
-                ])
+                flows.extend(
+                    [[LoginType.RECAPTCHA, LoginType.MSISDN, LoginType.EMAIL_IDENTITY]]
+                )
         else:
             # only support 3PIDless registration if no 3PIDs are required
             if not require_email and not require_msisdn:
@@ -390,9 +395,7 @@ class RegisterRestServlet(RestServlet):
                 if not require_email or require_msisdn:
                     flows.extend([[LoginType.MSISDN]])
                 # always let users provide both MSISDN & email
-                flows.extend([
-                    [LoginType.MSISDN, LoginType.EMAIL_IDENTITY]
-                ])
+                flows.extend([[LoginType.MSISDN, LoginType.EMAIL_IDENTITY]])
 
         # Append m.login.terms to all flows if we're requiring consent
         if self.hs.config.user_consent_at_registration:
@@ -422,26 +425,24 @@ class RegisterRestServlet(RestServlet):
         if auth_result:
             for login_type in [LoginType.EMAIL_IDENTITY, LoginType.MSISDN]:
                 if login_type in auth_result:
-                    medium = auth_result[login_type]['medium']
-                    address = auth_result[login_type]['address']
+                    medium = auth_result[login_type]["medium"]
+                    address = auth_result[login_type]["address"]
 
                     if not (yield check_3pid_allowed(self.hs, medium, address)):
                         raise SynapseError(
                             403,
-                            "Third party identifiers (email/phone numbers)" +
-                            " are not authorized on this server",
+                            "Third party identifiers (email/phone numbers)"
+                            + " are not authorized on this server",
                             Codes.THREEPID_DENIED,
                         )
 
                     existingUid = yield self.store.get_user_id_by_threepid(
-                        medium, address,
+                        medium, address
                     )
 
                     if existingUid is not None:
                         raise SynapseError(
-                            400,
-                            "%s is already in use" % medium,
-                            Codes.THREEPID_IN_USE,
+                            400, "%s is already in use" % medium, Codes.THREEPID_IN_USE
                         )
 
         if self.hs.config.register_mxid_from_3pid:
@@ -455,12 +456,12 @@ class RegisterRestServlet(RestServlet):
             # desired_username
             if auth_result:
                 if (
-                    self.hs.config.register_mxid_from_3pid == 'email' and
-                    LoginType.EMAIL_IDENTITY in auth_result
+                    self.hs.config.register_mxid_from_3pid == "email"
+                    and LoginType.EMAIL_IDENTITY in auth_result
                 ):
-                    address = auth_result[LoginType.EMAIL_IDENTITY]['address']
+                    address = auth_result[LoginType.EMAIL_IDENTITY]["address"]
                     desired_username = synapse.types.strip_invalid_mxid_characters(
-                        address.replace('@', '-').lower()
+                        address.replace("@", "-").lower()
                     )
 
                     # find a unique mxid for the account, suffixing numbers
@@ -476,7 +477,7 @@ class RegisterRestServlet(RestServlet):
                             break
                         except SynapseError as e:
                             if e.errcode == Codes.USER_IN_USE:
-                                m = re.match(r'^(.*?)(\d+)$', desired_username)
+                                m = re.match(r"^(.*?)(\d+)$", desired_username)
                                 if m:
                                     desired_username = m.group(1) + str(
                                         int(m.group(2)) + 1
@@ -493,10 +494,10 @@ class RegisterRestServlet(RestServlet):
                         # Custom mapping between email address and display name
                         desired_display_name = self._map_email_to_displayname(address)
                 elif (
-                    self.hs.config.register_mxid_from_3pid == 'msisdn' and
-                    LoginType.MSISDN in auth_result
+                    self.hs.config.register_mxid_from_3pid == "msisdn"
+                    and LoginType.MSISDN in auth_result
                 ):
-                    desired_username = auth_result[LoginType.MSISDN]['address']
+                    desired_username = auth_result[LoginType.MSISDN]["address"]
                 else:
                     raise SynapseError(
                         400, "Cannot derive mxid from 3pid; no recognised 3pid"
@@ -511,8 +512,7 @@ class RegisterRestServlet(RestServlet):
 
         if registered_user_id is not None:
             logger.info(
-                "Already registered user ID %r for this session",
-                registered_user_id
+                "Already registered user ID %r for this session", registered_user_id
             )
             # don't re-register the threepids
             registered = False
@@ -546,11 +546,11 @@ class RegisterRestServlet(RestServlet):
                 # the two activation emails, they would register the same 3pid twice.
                 for login_type in [LoginType.EMAIL_IDENTITY, LoginType.MSISDN]:
                     if login_type in auth_result:
-                        medium = auth_result[login_type]['medium']
-                        address = auth_result[login_type]['address']
+                        medium = auth_result[login_type]["medium"]
+                        address = auth_result[login_type]["address"]
 
                         existingUid = yield self.store.get_user_id_by_threepid(
-                            medium, address,
+                            medium, address
                         )
 
                         if existingUid is not None:
@@ -623,19 +623,17 @@ class RegisterRestServlet(RestServlet):
         )
         result = yield self._create_registration_details(user_id, body)
 
-        auth_result = body.get('auth_result')
+        auth_result = body.get("auth_result")
         if auth_result and LoginType.EMAIL_IDENTITY in auth_result:
             threepid = auth_result[LoginType.EMAIL_IDENTITY]
             yield self._register_email_threepid(
-                user_id, threepid, result["access_token"],
-                body.get("bind_email")
+                user_id, threepid, result["access_token"], body.get("bind_email")
             )
 
         if auth_result and LoginType.MSISDN in auth_result:
             threepid = auth_result[LoginType.MSISDN]
             yield self._register_msisdn_threepid(
-                user_id, threepid, result["access_token"],
-                body.get("bind_msisdn")
+                user_id, threepid, result["access_token"], body.get("bind_msisdn")
             )
 
         defer.returnValue(result)
@@ -646,7 +644,7 @@ class RegisterRestServlet(RestServlet):
             raise SynapseError(400, "Shared secret registration is not enabled")
         if not username:
             raise SynapseError(
-                400, "username must be specified", errcode=Codes.BAD_JSON,
+                400, "username must be specified", errcode=Codes.BAD_JSON
             )
 
         # use the username from the original request rather than the
@@ -667,12 +665,10 @@ class RegisterRestServlet(RestServlet):
         ).hexdigest()
 
         if not compare_digest(want_mac, got_mac):
-            raise SynapseError(
-                403, "HMAC incorrect",
-            )
+            raise SynapseError(403, "HMAC incorrect")
 
         (user_id, _) = yield self.registration_handler.register(
-            localpart=username, password=password, generate_token=False,
+            localpart=username, password=password, generate_token=False
         )
 
         result = yield self._create_registration_details(user_id, body)
@@ -691,21 +687,15 @@ class RegisterRestServlet(RestServlet):
         Returns:
             defer.Deferred: (object) dictionary for response from /register
         """
-        result = {
-            "user_id": user_id,
-            "home_server": self.hs.hostname,
-        }
+        result = {"user_id": user_id, "home_server": self.hs.hostname}
         if not params.get("inhibit_login", False):
             device_id = params.get("device_id")
             initial_display_name = params.get("initial_device_display_name")
             device_id, access_token = yield self.registration_handler.register_device(
-                user_id, device_id, initial_display_name, is_guest=False,
+                user_id, device_id, initial_display_name, is_guest=False
             )
 
-            result.update({
-                "access_token": access_token,
-                "device_id": device_id,
-            })
+            result.update({"access_token": access_token, "device_id": device_id})
         defer.returnValue(result)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -713,9 +703,7 @@ class RegisterRestServlet(RestServlet):
         if not self.hs.config.allow_guest_access:
             raise SynapseError(403, "Guest access is disabled")
         user_id, _ = yield self.registration_handler.register(
-            generate_token=False,
-            make_guest=True,
-            address=address,
+            generate_token=False, make_guest=True, address=address
         )
 
         # we don't allow guests to specify their own device_id, because
@@ -723,15 +711,20 @@ class RegisterRestServlet(RestServlet):
         device_id = synapse.api.auth.GUEST_DEVICE_ID
         initial_display_name = params.get("initial_device_display_name")
         device_id, access_token = yield self.registration_handler.register_device(
-            user_id, device_id, initial_display_name, is_guest=True,
+            user_id, device_id, initial_display_name, is_guest=True
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue((200, {
-            "user_id": user_id,
-            "device_id": device_id,
-            "access_token": access_token,
-            "home_server": self.hs.hostname,
-        }))
+        defer.returnValue(
+            (
+                200,
+                {
+                    "user_id": user_id,
+                    "device_id": device_id,
+                    "access_token": access_token,
+                    "home_server": self.hs.hostname,
+                },
+            )
+        )
 
 
 def cap(name):
@@ -764,10 +757,10 @@ def _map_email_to_displayname(address):
     """
     # Split the part before and after the @ in the email.
     # Replace all . with spaces in the first part
-    parts = address.replace('.', ' ').split('@')
+    parts = address.replace(".", " ").split("@")
 
     # Figure out which org this email address belongs to
-    org_parts = parts[1].split(' ')
+    org_parts = parts[1].split(" ")
 
     # If this is a ...matrix.org email, mark them as an Admin
     if org_parts[-2] == "matrix" and org_parts[-1] == "org":
@@ -783,9 +776,7 @@ def _map_email_to_displayname(address):
     else:
         org = org_parts[-2]
 
-    desired_display_name = (
-        cap(parts[0]) + " [" + cap(org) + "]"
-    )
+    desired_display_name = cap(parts[0]) + " [" + cap(org) + "]"
 
     return desired_display_name
 
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/relations.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/relations.py
index f8f8742bdc..8e362782cc 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/relations.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/relations.py
@@ -32,7 +32,10 @@ from synapse.http.servlet import (
     parse_string,
 )
 from synapse.rest.client.transactions import HttpTransactionCache
-from synapse.storage.relations import AggregationPaginationToken, RelationPaginationToken
+from synapse.storage.relations import (
+    AggregationPaginationToken,
+    RelationPaginationToken,
+)
 
 from ._base import client_patterns
 
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/report_event.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/report_event.py
index 10198662a9..e7578af804 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/report_event.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/report_event.py
@@ -33,9 +33,7 @@ logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
 class ReportEventRestServlet(RestServlet):
-    PATTERNS = client_patterns(
-        "/rooms/(?P<room_id>[^/]*)/report/(?P<event_id>[^/]*)$"
-    )
+    PATTERNS = client_patterns("/rooms/(?P<room_id>[^/]*)/report/(?P<event_id>[^/]*)$")
 
     def __init__(self, hs):
         super(ReportEventRestServlet, self).__init__()
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/room_keys.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/room_keys.py
index 87779645f9..8d1b810565 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/room_keys.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/room_keys.py
@@ -129,22 +129,12 @@ class RoomKeysServlet(RestServlet):
         version = parse_string(request, "version")
 
         if session_id:
-            body = {
-                "sessions": {
-                    session_id: body
-                }
-            }
+            body = {"sessions": {session_id: body}}
 
         if room_id:
-            body = {
-                "rooms": {
-                    room_id: body
-                }
-            }
+            body = {"rooms": {room_id: body}}
 
-        yield self.e2e_room_keys_handler.upload_room_keys(
-            user_id, version, body
-        )
+        yield self.e2e_room_keys_handler.upload_room_keys(user_id, version, body)
         defer.returnValue((200, {}))
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -212,10 +202,10 @@ class RoomKeysServlet(RestServlet):
         if session_id:
             # If the client requests a specific session, but that session was
             # not backed up, then return an M_NOT_FOUND.
-            if room_keys['rooms'] == {}:
+            if room_keys["rooms"] == {}:
                 raise NotFoundError("No room_keys found")
             else:
-                room_keys = room_keys['rooms'][room_id]['sessions'][session_id]
+                room_keys = room_keys["rooms"][room_id]["sessions"][session_id]
         elif room_id:
             # If the client requests all sessions from a room, but no sessions
             # are found, then return an empty result rather than an error, so
@@ -223,10 +213,10 @@ class RoomKeysServlet(RestServlet):
             # empty result is valid.  (Similarly if the client requests all
             # sessions from the backup, but in that case, room_keys is already
             # in the right format, so we don't need to do anything about it.)
-            if room_keys['rooms'] == {}:
-                room_keys = {'sessions': {}}
+            if room_keys["rooms"] == {}:
+                room_keys = {"sessions": {}}
             else:
-                room_keys = room_keys['rooms'][room_id]
+                room_keys = room_keys["rooms"][room_id]
 
         defer.returnValue((200, room_keys))
 
@@ -256,9 +246,7 @@ class RoomKeysServlet(RestServlet):
 
 
 class RoomKeysNewVersionServlet(RestServlet):
-    PATTERNS = client_patterns(
-        "/room_keys/version$"
-    )
+    PATTERNS = client_patterns("/room_keys/version$")
 
     def __init__(self, hs):
         """
@@ -304,9 +292,7 @@ class RoomKeysNewVersionServlet(RestServlet):
         user_id = requester.user.to_string()
         info = parse_json_object_from_request(request)
 
-        new_version = yield self.e2e_room_keys_handler.create_version(
-            user_id, info
-        )
+        new_version = yield self.e2e_room_keys_handler.create_version(user_id, info)
         defer.returnValue((200, {"version": new_version}))
 
     # we deliberately don't have a PUT /version, as these things really should
@@ -314,9 +300,7 @@ class RoomKeysNewVersionServlet(RestServlet):
 
 
 class RoomKeysVersionServlet(RestServlet):
-    PATTERNS = client_patterns(
-        "/room_keys/version(/(?P<version>[^/]+))?$"
-    )
+    PATTERNS = client_patterns("/room_keys/version(/(?P<version>[^/]+))?$")
 
     def __init__(self, hs):
         """
@@ -350,9 +334,7 @@ class RoomKeysVersionServlet(RestServlet):
         user_id = requester.user.to_string()
 
         try:
-            info = yield self.e2e_room_keys_handler.get_version_info(
-                user_id, version
-            )
+            info = yield self.e2e_room_keys_handler.get_version_info(user_id, version)
         except SynapseError as e:
             if e.code == 404:
                 raise SynapseError(404, "No backup found", Codes.NOT_FOUND)
@@ -375,9 +357,7 @@ class RoomKeysVersionServlet(RestServlet):
         requester = yield self.auth.get_user_by_req(request, allow_guest=False)
         user_id = requester.user.to_string()
 
-        yield self.e2e_room_keys_handler.delete_version(
-            user_id, version
-        )
+        yield self.e2e_room_keys_handler.delete_version(user_id, version)
         defer.returnValue((200, {}))
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -407,11 +387,11 @@ class RoomKeysVersionServlet(RestServlet):
         info = parse_json_object_from_request(request)
 
         if version is None:
-            raise SynapseError(400, "No version specified to update", Codes.MISSING_PARAM)
+            raise SynapseError(
+                400, "No version specified to update", Codes.MISSING_PARAM
+            )
 
-        yield self.e2e_room_keys_handler.update_version(
-            user_id, version, info
-        )
+        yield self.e2e_room_keys_handler.update_version(user_id, version, info)
         defer.returnValue((200, {}))
 
 
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/room_upgrade_rest_servlet.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/room_upgrade_rest_servlet.py
index c621a90fba..d7f7faa029 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/room_upgrade_rest_servlet.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/room_upgrade_rest_servlet.py
@@ -47,9 +47,10 @@ class RoomUpgradeRestServlet(RestServlet):
     Args:
         hs (synapse.server.HomeServer):
     """
+
     PATTERNS = client_patterns(
         # /rooms/$roomid/upgrade
-        "/rooms/(?P<room_id>[^/]*)/upgrade$",
+        "/rooms/(?P<room_id>[^/]*)/upgrade$"
     )
 
     def __init__(self, hs):
@@ -63,7 +64,7 @@ class RoomUpgradeRestServlet(RestServlet):
         requester = yield self._auth.get_user_by_req(request)
 
         content = parse_json_object_from_request(request)
-        assert_params_in_dict(content, ("new_version", ))
+        assert_params_in_dict(content, ("new_version",))
         new_version = content["new_version"]
 
         if new_version not in KNOWN_ROOM_VERSIONS:
@@ -77,9 +78,7 @@ class RoomUpgradeRestServlet(RestServlet):
             requester, room_id, new_version
         )
 
-        ret = {
-            "replacement_room": new_room_id,
-        }
+        ret = {"replacement_room": new_room_id}
 
         defer.returnValue((200, ret))
 
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/sendtodevice.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/sendtodevice.py
index 120a713361..78075b8fc0 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/sendtodevice.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/sendtodevice.py
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 class SendToDeviceRestServlet(servlet.RestServlet):
     PATTERNS = client_patterns(
-        "/sendToDevice/(?P<message_type>[^/]*)/(?P<txn_id>[^/]*)$",
+        "/sendToDevice/(?P<message_type>[^/]*)/(?P<txn_id>[^/]*)$"
     )
 
     def __init__(self, hs):
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/sync.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/sync.py
index 148fc6c985..02d56dee6c 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/sync.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/sync.py
@@ -96,44 +96,42 @@ class SyncRestServlet(RestServlet):
                 400, "'from' is not a valid query parameter. Did you mean 'since'?"
             )
 
-        requester = yield self.auth.get_user_by_req(
-            request, allow_guest=True
-        )
+        requester = yield self.auth.get_user_by_req(request, allow_guest=True)
         user = requester.user
         device_id = requester.device_id
 
         timeout = parse_integer(request, "timeout", default=0)
         since = parse_string(request, "since")
         set_presence = parse_string(
-            request, "set_presence", default="online",
-            allowed_values=self.ALLOWED_PRESENCE
+            request,
+            "set_presence",
+            default="online",
+            allowed_values=self.ALLOWED_PRESENCE,
         )
         filter_id = parse_string(request, "filter", default=None)
         full_state = parse_boolean(request, "full_state", default=False)
 
         logger.debug(
             "/sync: user=%r, timeout=%r, since=%r,"
-            " set_presence=%r, filter_id=%r, device_id=%r" % (
-                user, timeout, since, set_presence, filter_id, device_id
-            )
+            " set_presence=%r, filter_id=%r, device_id=%r"
+            % (user, timeout, since, set_presence, filter_id, device_id)
         )
 
         request_key = (user, timeout, since, filter_id, full_state, device_id)
 
         if filter_id:
-            if filter_id.startswith('{'):
+            if filter_id.startswith("{"):
                 try:
                     filter_object = json.loads(filter_id)
-                    set_timeline_upper_limit(filter_object,
-                                             self.hs.config.filter_timeline_limit)
+                    set_timeline_upper_limit(
+                        filter_object, self.hs.config.filter_timeline_limit
+                    )
                 except Exception:
                     raise SynapseError(400, "Invalid filter JSON")
                 self.filtering.check_valid_filter(filter_object)
                 filter = FilterCollection(filter_object)
             else:
-                filter = yield self.filtering.get_user_filter(
-                    user.localpart, filter_id
-                )
+                filter = yield self.filtering.get_user_filter(user.localpart, filter_id)
         else:
             filter = DEFAULT_FILTER_COLLECTION
 
@@ -156,15 +154,19 @@ class SyncRestServlet(RestServlet):
         affect_presence = set_presence != PresenceState.OFFLINE
 
         if affect_presence:
-            yield self.presence_handler.set_state(user, {"presence": set_presence}, True)
+            yield self.presence_handler.set_state(
+                user, {"presence": set_presence}, True
+            )
 
         context = yield self.presence_handler.user_syncing(
-            user.to_string(), affect_presence=affect_presence,
+            user.to_string(), affect_presence=affect_presence
         )
         with context:
             sync_result = yield self.sync_handler.wait_for_sync_for_user(
-                sync_config, since_token=since_token, timeout=timeout,
-                full_state=full_state
+                sync_config,
+                since_token=since_token,
+                timeout=timeout,
+                full_state=full_state,
             )
 
         time_now = self.clock.time_msec()
@@ -176,53 +178,54 @@ class SyncRestServlet(RestServlet):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def encode_response(self, time_now, sync_result, access_token_id, filter):
-        if filter.event_format == 'client':
+        if filter.event_format == "client":
             event_formatter = format_event_for_client_v2_without_room_id
-        elif filter.event_format == 'federation':
+        elif filter.event_format == "federation":
             event_formatter = format_event_raw
         else:
-            raise Exception("Unknown event format %s" % (filter.event_format, ))
+            raise Exception("Unknown event format %s" % (filter.event_format,))
 
         joined = yield self.encode_joined(
-            sync_result.joined, time_now, access_token_id,
+            sync_result.joined,
+            time_now,
+            access_token_id,
             filter.event_fields,
             event_formatter,
         )
 
         invited = yield self.encode_invited(
-            sync_result.invited, time_now, access_token_id,
-            event_formatter,
+            sync_result.invited, time_now, access_token_id, event_formatter
         )
 
         archived = yield self.encode_archived(
-            sync_result.archived, time_now, access_token_id,
+            sync_result.archived,
+            time_now,
+            access_token_id,
             filter.event_fields,
             event_formatter,
         )
 
-        defer.returnValue({
-            "account_data": {"events": sync_result.account_data},
-            "to_device": {"events": sync_result.to_device},
-            "device_lists": {
-                "changed": list(sync_result.device_lists.changed),
-                "left": list(sync_result.device_lists.left),
-            },
-            "presence": SyncRestServlet.encode_presence(
-                sync_result.presence, time_now
-            ),
-            "rooms": {
-                "join": joined,
-                "invite": invited,
-                "leave": archived,
-            },
-            "groups": {
-                "join": sync_result.groups.join,
-                "invite": sync_result.groups.invite,
-                "leave": sync_result.groups.leave,
-            },
-            "device_one_time_keys_count": sync_result.device_one_time_keys_count,
-            "next_batch": sync_result.next_batch.to_string(),
-        })
+        defer.returnValue(
+            {
+                "account_data": {"events": sync_result.account_data},
+                "to_device": {"events": sync_result.to_device},
+                "device_lists": {
+                    "changed": list(sync_result.device_lists.changed),
+                    "left": list(sync_result.device_lists.left),
+                },
+                "presence": SyncRestServlet.encode_presence(
+                    sync_result.presence, time_now
+                ),
+                "rooms": {"join": joined, "invite": invited, "leave": archived},
+                "groups": {
+                    "join": sync_result.groups.join,
+                    "invite": sync_result.groups.invite,
+                    "leave": sync_result.groups.leave,
+                },
+                "device_one_time_keys_count": sync_result.device_one_time_keys_count,
+                "next_batch": sync_result.next_batch.to_string(),
+            }
+        )
 
     @staticmethod
     def encode_presence(events, time_now):
@@ -262,7 +265,11 @@ class SyncRestServlet(RestServlet):
         joined = {}
         for room in rooms:
             joined[room.room_id] = yield self.encode_room(
-                room, time_now, token_id, joined=True, only_fields=event_fields,
+                room,
+                time_now,
+                token_id,
+                joined=True,
+                only_fields=event_fields,
                 event_formatter=event_formatter,
             )
 
@@ -290,7 +297,9 @@ class SyncRestServlet(RestServlet):
         invited = {}
         for room in rooms:
             invite = yield self._event_serializer.serialize_event(
-                room.invite, time_now, token_id=token_id,
+                room.invite,
+                time_now,
+                token_id=token_id,
                 event_format=event_formatter,
                 is_invite=True,
             )
@@ -298,9 +307,7 @@ class SyncRestServlet(RestServlet):
             invite["unsigned"] = unsigned
             invited_state = list(unsigned.pop("invite_room_state", []))
             invited_state.append(invite)
-            invited[room.room_id] = {
-                "invite_state": {"events": invited_state}
-            }
+            invited[room.room_id] = {"invite_state": {"events": invited_state}}
 
         defer.returnValue(invited)
 
@@ -327,7 +334,10 @@ class SyncRestServlet(RestServlet):
         joined = {}
         for room in rooms:
             joined[room.room_id] = yield self.encode_room(
-                room, time_now, token_id, joined=False,
+                room,
+                time_now,
+                token_id,
+                joined=False,
                 only_fields=event_fields,
                 event_formatter=event_formatter,
             )
@@ -336,8 +346,7 @@ class SyncRestServlet(RestServlet):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def encode_room(
-            self, room, time_now, token_id, joined,
-            only_fields, event_formatter,
+        self, room, time_now, token_id, joined, only_fields, event_formatter
     ):
         """
         Args:
@@ -355,9 +364,11 @@ class SyncRestServlet(RestServlet):
         Returns:
             dict[str, object]: the room, encoded in our response format
         """
+
         def serialize(events):
             return self._event_serializer.serialize_events(
-                events, time_now=time_now,
+                events,
+                time_now=time_now,
                 # We don't bundle "live" events, as otherwise clients
                 # will end up double counting annotations.
                 bundle_aggregations=False,
@@ -377,7 +388,9 @@ class SyncRestServlet(RestServlet):
             if event.room_id != room.room_id:
                 logger.warn(
                     "Event %r is under room %r instead of %r",
-                    event.event_id, room.room_id, event.room_id,
+                    event.event_id,
+                    room.room_id,
+                    event.room_id,
                 )
 
         serialized_state = yield serialize(state_events)
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/tags.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/tags.py
index ebff7cff45..07b6ede603 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/tags.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/tags.py
@@ -29,9 +29,8 @@ class TagListServlet(RestServlet):
     """
     GET /user/{user_id}/rooms/{room_id}/tags HTTP/1.1
     """
-    PATTERNS = client_patterns(
-        "/user/(?P<user_id>[^/]*)/rooms/(?P<room_id>[^/]*)/tags"
-    )
+
+    PATTERNS = client_patterns("/user/(?P<user_id>[^/]*)/rooms/(?P<room_id>[^/]*)/tags")
 
     def __init__(self, hs):
         super(TagListServlet, self).__init__()
@@ -54,6 +53,7 @@ class TagServlet(RestServlet):
     PUT /user/{user_id}/rooms/{room_id}/tags/{tag} HTTP/1.1
     DELETE /user/{user_id}/rooms/{room_id}/tags/{tag} HTTP/1.1
     """
+
     PATTERNS = client_patterns(
         "/user/(?P<user_id>[^/]*)/rooms/(?P<room_id>[^/]*)/tags/(?P<tag>[^/]*)"
     )
@@ -74,9 +74,7 @@ class TagServlet(RestServlet):
 
         max_id = yield self.store.add_tag_to_room(user_id, room_id, tag, body)
 
-        self.notifier.on_new_event(
-            "account_data_key", max_id, users=[user_id]
-        )
+        self.notifier.on_new_event("account_data_key", max_id, users=[user_id])
 
         defer.returnValue((200, {}))
 
@@ -88,9 +86,7 @@ class TagServlet(RestServlet):
 
         max_id = yield self.store.remove_tag_from_room(user_id, room_id, tag)
 
-        self.notifier.on_new_event(
-            "account_data_key", max_id, users=[user_id]
-        )
+        self.notifier.on_new_event("account_data_key", max_id, users=[user_id])
 
         defer.returnValue((200, {}))
 
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/thirdparty.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/thirdparty.py
index e7a987466a..1e66662a05 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/thirdparty.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/thirdparty.py
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ class ThirdPartyProtocolServlet(RestServlet):
         yield self.auth.get_user_by_req(request, allow_guest=True)
 
         protocols = yield self.appservice_handler.get_3pe_protocols(
-            only_protocol=protocol,
+            only_protocol=protocol
         )
         if protocol in protocols:
             defer.returnValue((200, protocols[protocol]))
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/tokenrefresh.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/tokenrefresh.py
index 6c366142e1..2da0f55811 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/tokenrefresh.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/tokenrefresh.py
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ class TokenRefreshRestServlet(RestServlet):
     Exchanges refresh tokens for a pair of an access token and a new refresh
     token.
     """
+
     PATTERNS = client_patterns("/tokenrefresh")
 
     def __init__(self, hs):
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/user_directory.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/user_directory.py
index b6f4d8b3f4..7edc801896 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/user_directory.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/user_directory.py
@@ -64,15 +64,14 @@ class UserDirectorySearchRestServlet(RestServlet):
         user_id = requester.user.to_string()
 
         if not self.hs.config.user_directory_search_enabled:
-            defer.returnValue((200, {
-                "limited": False,
-                "results": [],
-            }))
+            defer.returnValue((200, {"limited": False, "results": []}))
 
         body = parse_json_object_from_request(request)
 
         if self.hs.config.user_directory_defer_to_id_server:
-            signed_body = sign_json(body, self.hs.hostname, self.hs.config.signing_key[0])
+            signed_body = sign_json(
+                body, self.hs.hostname, self.hs.config.signing_key[0]
+            )
             url = "%s/_matrix/identity/api/v1/user_directory/search" % (
                 self.hs.config.user_directory_defer_to_id_server,
             )
@@ -88,7 +87,7 @@ class UserDirectorySearchRestServlet(RestServlet):
             raise SynapseError(400, "`search_term` is required field")
 
         results = yield self.user_directory_handler.search_users(
-            user_id, search_term, limit,
+            user_id, search_term, limit
         )
 
         defer.returnValue((200, results))
@@ -98,9 +97,8 @@ class UserInfoServlet(RestServlet):
     """
     GET /user/{user_id}/info HTTP/1.1
     """
-    PATTERNS = client_patterns(
-        "/user/(?P<user_id>[^/]*)/info$"
-    )
+
+    PATTERNS = client_patterns("/user/(?P<user_id>[^/]*)/info$")
 
     def __init__(self, hs):
         super(UserInfoServlet, self).__init__()
@@ -113,9 +111,7 @@ class UserInfoServlet(RestServlet):
         registry = hs.get_federation_registry()
 
         if not registry.query_handlers.get("user_info"):
-            registry.register_query_handler(
-                "user_info", self._on_federation_query
-            )
+            registry.register_query_handler("user_info", self._on_federation_query)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_GET(self, request, user_id):
@@ -127,7 +123,7 @@ class UserInfoServlet(RestServlet):
             # Attempt to make a federation request to the server that owns this user
             args = {"user_id": user_id}
             res = yield self.transport_layer.make_query(
-                user.domain, "user_info", args, retry_on_dns_fail=True,
+                user.domain, "user_info", args, retry_on_dns_fail=True
             )
             defer.returnValue((200, res))
 
@@ -174,10 +170,7 @@ class UserInfoServlet(RestServlet):
             expiration_ts is not None and self.clock.time_msec() >= expiration_ts
         )
 
-        res = {
-            "expired": is_expired,
-            "deactivated": is_deactivated,
-        }
+        res = {"expired": is_expired, "deactivated": is_deactivated}
         defer.returnValue(res)
 
 
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/versions.py b/synapse/rest/client/versions.py
index babbf6a23c..0e09191632 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/versions.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/versions.py
@@ -25,27 +25,28 @@ class VersionsRestServlet(RestServlet):
     PATTERNS = [re.compile("^/_matrix/client/versions$")]
 
     def on_GET(self, request):
-        return (200, {
-            "versions": [
-                # XXX: at some point we need to decide whether we need to include
-                # the previous version numbers, given we've defined r0.3.0 to be
-                # backwards compatible with r0.2.0.  But need to check how
-                # conscientious we've been in compatibility, and decide whether the
-                # middle number is the major revision when at 0.X.Y (as opposed to
-                # X.Y.Z).  And we need to decide whether it's fair to make clients
-                # parse the version string to figure out what's going on.
-                "r0.0.1",
-                "r0.1.0",
-                "r0.2.0",
-                "r0.3.0",
-                "r0.4.0",
-                "r0.5.0",
-            ],
-            # as per MSC1497:
-            "unstable_features": {
-                "m.lazy_load_members": True,
-            }
-        })
+        return (
+            200,
+            {
+                "versions": [
+                    # XXX: at some point we need to decide whether we need to include
+                    # the previous version numbers, given we've defined r0.3.0 to be
+                    # backwards compatible with r0.2.0.  But need to check how
+                    # conscientious we've been in compatibility, and decide whether the
+                    # middle number is the major revision when at 0.X.Y (as opposed to
+                    # X.Y.Z).  And we need to decide whether it's fair to make clients
+                    # parse the version string to figure out what's going on.
+                    "r0.0.1",
+                    "r0.1.0",
+                    "r0.2.0",
+                    "r0.3.0",
+                    "r0.4.0",
+                    "r0.5.0",
+                ],
+                # as per MSC1497:
+                "unstable_features": {"m.lazy_load_members": True},
+            },
+        )
 
 
 def register_servlets(http_server):
diff --git a/synapse/rest/consent/consent_resource.py b/synapse/rest/consent/consent_resource.py
index 6b371bfa2f..9a32892d8b 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/consent/consent_resource.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/consent/consent_resource.py
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 if hasattr(hmac, "compare_digest"):
     compare_digest = hmac.compare_digest
 else:
+
     def compare_digest(a, b):
         return a == b
 
@@ -80,6 +81,7 @@ class ConsentResource(Resource):
            For POST: required; gives the value to be recorded in the database
            against the user.
     """
+
     def __init__(self, hs):
         """
         Args:
@@ -98,21 +100,20 @@ class ConsentResource(Resource):
         if self._default_consent_version is None:
             raise ConfigError(
                 "Consent resource is enabled but user_consent section is "
-                "missing in config file.",
+                "missing in config file."
             )
 
         consent_template_directory = hs.config.user_consent_template_dir
 
         loader = jinja2.FileSystemLoader(consent_template_directory)
         self._jinja_env = jinja2.Environment(
-            loader=loader,
-            autoescape=jinja2.select_autoescape(['html', 'htm', 'xml']),
+            loader=loader, autoescape=jinja2.select_autoescape(["html", "htm", "xml"])
         )
 
         if hs.config.form_secret is None:
             raise ConfigError(
                 "Consent resource is enabled but form_secret is not set in "
-                "config file. It should be set to an arbitrary secret string.",
+                "config file. It should be set to an arbitrary secret string."
             )
 
         self._hmac_secret = hs.config.form_secret.encode("utf-8")
@@ -139,7 +140,7 @@ class ConsentResource(Resource):
 
             self._check_hash(username, userhmac_bytes)
 
-            if username.startswith('@'):
+            if username.startswith("@"):
                 qualified_user_id = username
             else:
                 qualified_user_id = UserID(username, self.hs.hostname).to_string()
@@ -153,7 +154,8 @@ class ConsentResource(Resource):
 
         try:
             self._render_template(
-                request, "%s.html" % (version,),
+                request,
+                "%s.html" % (version,),
                 user=username,
                 userhmac=userhmac,
                 version=version,
@@ -180,7 +182,7 @@ class ConsentResource(Resource):
 
         self._check_hash(username, userhmac)
 
-        if username.startswith('@'):
+        if username.startswith("@"):
             qualified_user_id = username
         else:
             qualified_user_id = UserID(username, self.hs.hostname).to_string()
@@ -221,11 +223,13 @@ class ConsentResource(Resource):
               SynapseError if the hash doesn't match
 
         """
-        want_mac = hmac.new(
-            key=self._hmac_secret,
-            msg=userid.encode('utf-8'),
-            digestmod=sha256,
-        ).hexdigest().encode('ascii')
+        want_mac = (
+            hmac.new(
+                key=self._hmac_secret, msg=userid.encode("utf-8"), digestmod=sha256
+            )
+            .hexdigest()
+            .encode("ascii")
+        )
 
         if not compare_digest(want_mac, userhmac):
             raise SynapseError(http_client.FORBIDDEN, "HMAC incorrect")
diff --git a/synapse/rest/key/v2/local_key_resource.py b/synapse/rest/key/v2/local_key_resource.py
index ec0ec7b431..8e48ef3564 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/key/v2/local_key_resource.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/key/v2/local_key_resource.py
@@ -80,9 +80,7 @@ class LocalKey(Resource):
         for key in self.config.signing_key:
             verify_key_bytes = key.verify_key.encode()
             key_id = "%s:%s" % (key.alg, key.version)
-            verify_keys[key_id] = {
-                u"key": encode_base64(verify_key_bytes)
-            }
+            verify_keys[key_id] = {u"key": encode_base64(verify_key_bytes)}
 
         old_verify_keys = {}
         for key_id, key in self.config.old_signing_keys.items():
@@ -102,11 +100,7 @@ class LocalKey(Resource):
             u"tls_fingerprints": tls_fingerprints,
         }
         for key in self.config.signing_key:
-            json_object = sign_json(
-                json_object,
-                self.config.server_name,
-                key,
-            )
+            json_object = sign_json(json_object, self.config.server_name, key)
         return json_object
 
     def render_GET(self, request):
@@ -114,6 +108,4 @@ class LocalKey(Resource):
         # Update the expiry time if less than half the interval remains.
         if time_now + self.config.key_refresh_interval / 2 > self.valid_until_ts:
             self.update_response_body(time_now)
-        return respond_with_json_bytes(
-            request, 200, self.response_body,
-        )
+        return respond_with_json_bytes(request, 200, self.response_body)
diff --git a/synapse/rest/key/v2/remote_key_resource.py b/synapse/rest/key/v2/remote_key_resource.py
index 8a730bbc35..ec8b9d7269 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/key/v2/remote_key_resource.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/key/v2/remote_key_resource.py
@@ -103,20 +103,16 @@ class RemoteKey(Resource):
     def async_render_GET(self, request):
         if len(request.postpath) == 1:
             server, = request.postpath
-            query = {server.decode('ascii'): {}}
+            query = {server.decode("ascii"): {}}
         elif len(request.postpath) == 2:
             server, key_id = request.postpath
-            minimum_valid_until_ts = parse_integer(
-                request, "minimum_valid_until_ts"
-            )
+            minimum_valid_until_ts = parse_integer(request, "minimum_valid_until_ts")
             arguments = {}
             if minimum_valid_until_ts is not None:
                 arguments["minimum_valid_until_ts"] = minimum_valid_until_ts
-            query = {server.decode('ascii'): {key_id.decode('ascii'): arguments}}
+            query = {server.decode("ascii"): {key_id.decode("ascii"): arguments}}
         else:
-            raise SynapseError(
-                404, "Not found %r" % request.postpath, Codes.NOT_FOUND
-            )
+            raise SynapseError(404, "Not found %r" % request.postpath, Codes.NOT_FOUND)
 
         yield self.query_keys(request, query, query_remote_on_cache_miss=True)
 
@@ -140,8 +136,8 @@ class RemoteKey(Resource):
         store_queries = []
         for server_name, key_ids in query.items():
             if (
-                self.federation_domain_whitelist is not None and
-                server_name not in self.federation_domain_whitelist
+                self.federation_domain_whitelist is not None
+                and server_name not in self.federation_domain_whitelist
             ):
                 logger.debug("Federation denied with %s", server_name)
                 continue
@@ -159,9 +155,7 @@ class RemoteKey(Resource):
 
         cache_misses = dict()
         for (server_name, key_id, from_server), results in cached.items():
-            results = [
-                (result["ts_added_ms"], result) for result in results
-            ]
+            results = [(result["ts_added_ms"], result) for result in results]
 
             if not results and key_id is not None:
                 cache_misses.setdefault(server_name, set()).add(key_id)
@@ -178,23 +172,30 @@ class RemoteKey(Resource):
                         logger.debug(
                             "Cached response for %r/%r is older than requested"
                             ": valid_until (%r) < minimum_valid_until (%r)",
-                            server_name, key_id,
-                            ts_valid_until_ms, req_valid_until
+                            server_name,
+                            key_id,
+                            ts_valid_until_ms,
+                            req_valid_until,
                         )
                         miss = True
                     else:
                         logger.debug(
                             "Cached response for %r/%r is newer than requested"
                             ": valid_until (%r) >= minimum_valid_until (%r)",
-                            server_name, key_id,
-                            ts_valid_until_ms, req_valid_until
+                            server_name,
+                            key_id,
+                            ts_valid_until_ms,
+                            req_valid_until,
                         )
                 elif (ts_added_ms + ts_valid_until_ms) / 2 < time_now_ms:
                     logger.debug(
                         "Cached response for %r/%r is too old"
                         ": (added (%r) + valid_until (%r)) / 2 < now (%r)",
-                        server_name, key_id,
-                        ts_added_ms, ts_valid_until_ms, time_now_ms
+                        server_name,
+                        key_id,
+                        ts_added_ms,
+                        ts_valid_until_ms,
+                        time_now_ms,
                     )
                     # We more than half way through the lifetime of the
                     # response. We should fetch a fresh copy.
@@ -203,8 +204,11 @@ class RemoteKey(Resource):
                     logger.debug(
                         "Cached response for %r/%r is still valid"
                         ": (added (%r) + valid_until (%r)) / 2 < now (%r)",
-                        server_name, key_id,
-                        ts_added_ms, ts_valid_until_ms, time_now_ms
+                        server_name,
+                        key_id,
+                        ts_added_ms,
+                        ts_valid_until_ms,
+                        time_now_ms,
                     )
 
                 if miss:
@@ -216,12 +220,10 @@ class RemoteKey(Resource):
 
         if cache_misses and query_remote_on_cache_miss:
             yield self.fetcher.get_keys(cache_misses)
-            yield self.query_keys(
-                request, query, query_remote_on_cache_miss=False
-            )
+            yield self.query_keys(request, query, query_remote_on_cache_miss=False)
         else:
             result_io = BytesIO()
-            result_io.write(b"{\"server_keys\":")
+            result_io.write(b'{"server_keys":')
             sep = b"["
             for json_bytes in json_results:
                 result_io.write(sep)
@@ -231,6 +233,4 @@ class RemoteKey(Resource):
                 result_io.write(sep)
             result_io.write(b"]}")
 
-            respond_with_json_bytes(
-                request, 200, result_io.getvalue(),
-            )
+            respond_with_json_bytes(request, 200, result_io.getvalue())
diff --git a/synapse/rest/media/v0/content_repository.py b/synapse/rest/media/v0/content_repository.py
index 5a426ff2f6..86884c0ef4 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/media/v0/content_repository.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/media/v0/content_repository.py
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ class ContentRepoResource(resource.Resource):
         - Content type base64d (so we can return it when clients GET it)
 
     """
+
     isLeaf = True
 
     def __init__(self, hs, directory):
@@ -56,7 +57,7 @@ class ContentRepoResource(resource.Resource):
         # servers.
 
         # TODO: A little crude here, we could do this better.
-        filename = request.path.decode('ascii').split('/')[-1]
+        filename = request.path.decode("ascii").split("/")[-1]
         # be paranoid
         filename = re.sub("[^0-9A-z.-_]", "", filename)
 
@@ -69,17 +70,15 @@ class ContentRepoResource(resource.Resource):
             base64_contentype = filename.split(".")[1]
             content_type = base64.urlsafe_b64decode(base64_contentype)
             logger.info("Sending file %s", file_path)
-            f = open(file_path, 'rb')
-            request.setHeader('Content-Type', content_type)
+            f = open(file_path, "rb")
+            request.setHeader("Content-Type", content_type)
 
             # cache for at least a day.
             # XXX: we might want to turn this off for data we don't want to
             # recommend caching as it's sensitive or private - or at least
             # select private. don't bother setting Expires as all our matrix
             # clients are smart enough to be happy with Cache-Control (right?)
-            request.setHeader(
-                b"Cache-Control", b"public,max-age=86400,s-maxage=86400"
-            )
+            request.setHeader(b"Cache-Control", b"public,max-age=86400,s-maxage=86400")
 
             d = FileSender().beginFileTransfer(f, request)
 
@@ -87,13 +86,15 @@ class ContentRepoResource(resource.Resource):
             def cbFinished(ignored):
                 f.close()
                 finish_request(request)
+
             d.addCallback(cbFinished)
         else:
             respond_with_json_bytes(
                 request,
                 404,
                 json.dumps(cs_error("Not found", code=Codes.NOT_FOUND)),
-                send_cors=True)
+                send_cors=True,
+            )
 
         return server.NOT_DONE_YET
 
diff --git a/synapse/rest/media/v1/_base.py b/synapse/rest/media/v1/_base.py
index 2dcc8f74d6..3318638d3e 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/media/v1/_base.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/media/v1/_base.py
@@ -38,8 +38,8 @@ def parse_media_id(request):
         server_name, media_id = request.postpath[:2]
 
         if isinstance(server_name, bytes):
-            server_name = server_name.decode('utf-8')
-            media_id = media_id.decode('utf8')
+            server_name = server_name.decode("utf-8")
+            media_id = media_id.decode("utf8")
 
         file_name = None
         if len(request.postpath) > 2:
@@ -120,11 +120,11 @@ def add_file_headers(request, media_type, file_size, upload_name):
         # correctly interpret those as of 0.99.2 and (b) they are a bit of a pain and we
         # may as well just do the filename* version.
         if _can_encode_filename_as_token(upload_name):
-            disposition = 'inline; filename=%s' % (upload_name, )
+            disposition = "inline; filename=%s" % (upload_name,)
         else:
-            disposition = "inline; filename*=utf-8''%s" % (_quote(upload_name), )
+            disposition = "inline; filename*=utf-8''%s" % (_quote(upload_name),)
 
-        request.setHeader(b"Content-Disposition", disposition.encode('ascii'))
+        request.setHeader(b"Content-Disposition", disposition.encode("ascii"))
 
     # cache for at least a day.
     # XXX: we might want to turn this off for data we don't want to
@@ -137,10 +137,27 @@ def add_file_headers(request, media_type, file_size, upload_name):
 
 # separators as defined in RFC2616. SP and HT are handled separately.
 # see _can_encode_filename_as_token.
-_FILENAME_SEPARATOR_CHARS = set((
-    "(", ")", "<", ">", "@", ",", ";", ":", "\\", '"',
-    "/", "[", "]", "?", "=", "{", "}",
-))
+_FILENAME_SEPARATOR_CHARS = set(
+    (
+        "(",
+        ")",
+        "<",
+        ">",
+        "@",
+        ",",
+        ";",
+        ":",
+        "\\",
+        '"',
+        "/",
+        "[",
+        "]",
+        "?",
+        "=",
+        "{",
+        "}",
+    )
+)
 
 
 def _can_encode_filename_as_token(x):
@@ -271,7 +288,7 @@ def get_filename_from_headers(headers):
     Returns:
         A Unicode string of the filename, or None.
     """
-    content_disposition = headers.get(b"Content-Disposition", [b''])
+    content_disposition = headers.get(b"Content-Disposition", [b""])
 
     # No header, bail out.
     if not content_disposition[0]:
@@ -293,7 +310,7 @@ def get_filename_from_headers(headers):
                     # Once it is decoded, we can then unquote the %-encoded
                     # parts strictly into a unicode string.
                     upload_name = urllib.parse.unquote(
-                        upload_name_utf8.decode('ascii'), errors="strict"
+                        upload_name_utf8.decode("ascii"), errors="strict"
                     )
                 except UnicodeDecodeError:
                     # Incorrect UTF-8.
@@ -302,7 +319,7 @@ def get_filename_from_headers(headers):
                 # On Python 2, we first unquote the %-encoded parts and then
                 # decode it strictly using UTF-8.
                 try:
-                    upload_name = urllib.parse.unquote(upload_name_utf8).decode('utf8')
+                    upload_name = urllib.parse.unquote(upload_name_utf8).decode("utf8")
                 except UnicodeDecodeError:
                     pass
 
@@ -310,7 +327,7 @@ def get_filename_from_headers(headers):
     if not upload_name:
         upload_name_ascii = params.get(b"filename", None)
         if upload_name_ascii and is_ascii(upload_name_ascii):
-            upload_name = upload_name_ascii.decode('ascii')
+            upload_name = upload_name_ascii.decode("ascii")
 
     # This may be None here, indicating we did not find a matching name.
     return upload_name
@@ -328,19 +345,19 @@ def _parse_header(line):
         Tuple[bytes, dict[bytes, bytes]]:
             the main content-type, followed by the parameter dictionary
     """
-    parts = _parseparam(b';' + line)
+    parts = _parseparam(b";" + line)
     key = next(parts)
     pdict = {}
     for p in parts:
-        i = p.find(b'=')
+        i = p.find(b"=")
         if i >= 0:
             name = p[:i].strip().lower()
-            value = p[i + 1:].strip()
+            value = p[i + 1 :].strip()
 
             # strip double-quotes
             if len(value) >= 2 and value[0:1] == value[-1:] == b'"':
                 value = value[1:-1]
-                value = value.replace(b'\\\\', b'\\').replace(b'\\"', b'"')
+                value = value.replace(b"\\\\", b"\\").replace(b'\\"', b'"')
             pdict[name] = value
 
     return key, pdict
@@ -357,16 +374,16 @@ def _parseparam(s):
     Returns:
         Iterable[bytes]: the split input
     """
-    while s[:1] == b';':
+    while s[:1] == b";":
         s = s[1:]
 
         # look for the next ;
-        end = s.find(b';')
+        end = s.find(b";")
 
         # if there is an odd number of " marks between here and the next ;, skip to the
         # next ; instead
         while end > 0 and (s.count(b'"', 0, end) - s.count(b'\\"', 0, end)) % 2:
-            end = s.find(b';', end + 1)
+            end = s.find(b";", end + 1)
 
         if end < 0:
             end = len(s)
diff --git a/synapse/rest/media/v1/config_resource.py b/synapse/rest/media/v1/config_resource.py
index 77316033f7..fa3d6680fc 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/media/v1/config_resource.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/media/v1/config_resource.py
@@ -29,9 +29,7 @@ class MediaConfigResource(Resource):
         config = hs.get_config()
         self.clock = hs.get_clock()
         self.auth = hs.get_auth()
-        self.limits_dict = {
-            "m.upload.size": config.max_upload_size,
-        }
+        self.limits_dict = {"m.upload.size": config.max_upload_size}
 
     def render_GET(self, request):
         self._async_render_GET(request)
diff --git a/synapse/rest/media/v1/download_resource.py b/synapse/rest/media/v1/download_resource.py
index bdc5daecc1..a21a35f843 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/media/v1/download_resource.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/media/v1/download_resource.py
@@ -54,18 +54,20 @@ class DownloadResource(Resource):
             b" plugin-types application/pdf;"
             b" style-src 'unsafe-inline';"
             b" media-src 'self';"
-            b" object-src 'self';"
+            b" object-src 'self';",
         )
         server_name, media_id, name = parse_media_id(request)
         if server_name == self.server_name:
             yield self.media_repo.get_local_media(request, media_id, name)
         else:
             allow_remote = synapse.http.servlet.parse_boolean(
-                request, "allow_remote", default=True)
+                request, "allow_remote", default=True
+            )
             if not allow_remote:
                 logger.info(
                     "Rejecting request for remote media %s/%s due to allow_remote",
-                    server_name, media_id,
+                    server_name,
+                    media_id,
                 )
                 respond_404(request)
                 return
diff --git a/synapse/rest/media/v1/filepath.py b/synapse/rest/media/v1/filepath.py
index c8586fa280..e25c382c9c 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/media/v1/filepath.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/media/v1/filepath.py
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ def _wrap_in_base_path(func):
     """Takes a function that returns a relative path and turns it into an
     absolute path based on the location of the primary media store
     """
+
     @functools.wraps(func)
     def _wrapped(self, *args, **kwargs):
         path = func(self, *args, **kwargs)
@@ -43,125 +44,102 @@ class MediaFilePaths(object):
     def __init__(self, primary_base_path):
         self.base_path = primary_base_path
 
-    def default_thumbnail_rel(self, default_top_level, default_sub_type, width,
-                              height, content_type, method):
+    def default_thumbnail_rel(
+        self, default_top_level, default_sub_type, width, height, content_type, method
+    ):
         top_level_type, sub_type = content_type.split("/")
-        file_name = "%i-%i-%s-%s-%s" % (
-            width, height, top_level_type, sub_type, method
-        )
+        file_name = "%i-%i-%s-%s-%s" % (width, height, top_level_type, sub_type, method)
         return os.path.join(
-            "default_thumbnails", default_top_level,
-            default_sub_type, file_name
+            "default_thumbnails", default_top_level, default_sub_type, file_name
         )
 
     default_thumbnail = _wrap_in_base_path(default_thumbnail_rel)
 
     def local_media_filepath_rel(self, media_id):
-        return os.path.join(
-            "local_content",
-            media_id[0:2], media_id[2:4], media_id[4:]
-        )
+        return os.path.join("local_content", media_id[0:2], media_id[2:4], media_id[4:])
 
     local_media_filepath = _wrap_in_base_path(local_media_filepath_rel)
 
-    def local_media_thumbnail_rel(self, media_id, width, height, content_type,
-                                  method):
+    def local_media_thumbnail_rel(self, media_id, width, height, content_type, method):
         top_level_type, sub_type = content_type.split("/")
-        file_name = "%i-%i-%s-%s-%s" % (
-            width, height, top_level_type, sub_type, method
-        )
+        file_name = "%i-%i-%s-%s-%s" % (width, height, top_level_type, sub_type, method)
         return os.path.join(
-            "local_thumbnails",
-            media_id[0:2], media_id[2:4], media_id[4:],
-            file_name
+            "local_thumbnails", media_id[0:2], media_id[2:4], media_id[4:], file_name
         )
 
     local_media_thumbnail = _wrap_in_base_path(local_media_thumbnail_rel)
 
     def remote_media_filepath_rel(self, server_name, file_id):
         return os.path.join(
-            "remote_content", server_name,
-            file_id[0:2], file_id[2:4], file_id[4:]
+            "remote_content", server_name, file_id[0:2], file_id[2:4], file_id[4:]
         )
 
     remote_media_filepath = _wrap_in_base_path(remote_media_filepath_rel)
 
-    def remote_media_thumbnail_rel(self, server_name, file_id, width, height,
-                                   content_type, method):
+    def remote_media_thumbnail_rel(
+        self, server_name, file_id, width, height, content_type, method
+    ):
         top_level_type, sub_type = content_type.split("/")
         file_name = "%i-%i-%s-%s" % (width, height, top_level_type, sub_type)
         return os.path.join(
-            "remote_thumbnail", server_name,
-            file_id[0:2], file_id[2:4], file_id[4:],
-            file_name
+            "remote_thumbnail",
+            server_name,
+            file_id[0:2],
+            file_id[2:4],
+            file_id[4:],
+            file_name,
         )
 
     remote_media_thumbnail = _wrap_in_base_path(remote_media_thumbnail_rel)
 
     def remote_media_thumbnail_dir(self, server_name, file_id):
         return os.path.join(
-            self.base_path, "remote_thumbnail", server_name,
-            file_id[0:2], file_id[2:4], file_id[4:],
+            self.base_path,
+            "remote_thumbnail",
+            server_name,
+            file_id[0:2],
+            file_id[2:4],
+            file_id[4:],
         )
 
     def url_cache_filepath_rel(self, media_id):
         if NEW_FORMAT_ID_RE.match(media_id):
             # Media id is of the form <DATE><RANDOM_STRING>
             # E.g.: 2017-09-28-fsdRDt24DS234dsf
-            return os.path.join(
-                "url_cache",
-                media_id[:10], media_id[11:]
-            )
+            return os.path.join("url_cache", media_id[:10], media_id[11:])
         else:
-            return os.path.join(
-                "url_cache",
-                media_id[0:2], media_id[2:4], media_id[4:],
-            )
+            return os.path.join("url_cache", media_id[0:2], media_id[2:4], media_id[4:])
 
     url_cache_filepath = _wrap_in_base_path(url_cache_filepath_rel)
 
     def url_cache_filepath_dirs_to_delete(self, media_id):
         "The dirs to try and remove if we delete the media_id file"
         if NEW_FORMAT_ID_RE.match(media_id):
-            return [
-                os.path.join(
-                    self.base_path, "url_cache",
-                    media_id[:10],
-                ),
-            ]
+            return [os.path.join(self.base_path, "url_cache", media_id[:10])]
         else:
             return [
-                os.path.join(
-                    self.base_path, "url_cache",
-                    media_id[0:2], media_id[2:4],
-                ),
-                os.path.join(
-                    self.base_path, "url_cache",
-                    media_id[0:2],
-                ),
+                os.path.join(self.base_path, "url_cache", media_id[0:2], media_id[2:4]),
+                os.path.join(self.base_path, "url_cache", media_id[0:2]),
             ]
 
-    def url_cache_thumbnail_rel(self, media_id, width, height, content_type,
-                                method):
+    def url_cache_thumbnail_rel(self, media_id, width, height, content_type, method):
         # Media id is of the form <DATE><RANDOM_STRING>
         # E.g.: 2017-09-28-fsdRDt24DS234dsf
 
         top_level_type, sub_type = content_type.split("/")
-        file_name = "%i-%i-%s-%s-%s" % (
-            width, height, top_level_type, sub_type, method
-        )
+        file_name = "%i-%i-%s-%s-%s" % (width, height, top_level_type, sub_type, method)
 
         if NEW_FORMAT_ID_RE.match(media_id):
             return os.path.join(
-                "url_cache_thumbnails",
-                media_id[:10], media_id[11:],
-                file_name
+                "url_cache_thumbnails", media_id[:10], media_id[11:], file_name
             )
         else:
             return os.path.join(
                 "url_cache_thumbnails",
-                media_id[0:2], media_id[2:4], media_id[4:],
-                file_name
+                media_id[0:2],
+                media_id[2:4],
+                media_id[4:],
+                file_name,
             )
 
     url_cache_thumbnail = _wrap_in_base_path(url_cache_thumbnail_rel)
@@ -172,13 +150,15 @@ class MediaFilePaths(object):
 
         if NEW_FORMAT_ID_RE.match(media_id):
             return os.path.join(
-                self.base_path, "url_cache_thumbnails",
-                media_id[:10], media_id[11:],
+                self.base_path, "url_cache_thumbnails", media_id[:10], media_id[11:]
             )
         else:
             return os.path.join(
-                self.base_path, "url_cache_thumbnails",
-                media_id[0:2], media_id[2:4], media_id[4:],
+                self.base_path,
+                "url_cache_thumbnails",
+                media_id[0:2],
+                media_id[2:4],
+                media_id[4:],
             )
 
     def url_cache_thumbnail_dirs_to_delete(self, media_id):
@@ -188,26 +168,21 @@ class MediaFilePaths(object):
         if NEW_FORMAT_ID_RE.match(media_id):
             return [
                 os.path.join(
-                    self.base_path, "url_cache_thumbnails",
-                    media_id[:10], media_id[11:],
-                ),
-                os.path.join(
-                    self.base_path, "url_cache_thumbnails",
-                    media_id[:10],
+                    self.base_path, "url_cache_thumbnails", media_id[:10], media_id[11:]
                 ),
+                os.path.join(self.base_path, "url_cache_thumbnails", media_id[:10]),
             ]
         else:
             return [
                 os.path.join(
-                    self.base_path, "url_cache_thumbnails",
-                    media_id[0:2], media_id[2:4], media_id[4:],
-                ),
-                os.path.join(
-                    self.base_path, "url_cache_thumbnails",
-                    media_id[0:2], media_id[2:4],
+                    self.base_path,
+                    "url_cache_thumbnails",
+                    media_id[0:2],
+                    media_id[2:4],
+                    media_id[4:],
                 ),
                 os.path.join(
-                    self.base_path, "url_cache_thumbnails",
-                    media_id[0:2],
+                    self.base_path, "url_cache_thumbnails", media_id[0:2], media_id[2:4]
                 ),
+                os.path.join(self.base_path, "url_cache_thumbnails", media_id[0:2]),
             ]
diff --git a/synapse/rest/media/v1/media_repository.py b/synapse/rest/media/v1/media_repository.py
index a4929dd5db..df3d985a38 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/media/v1/media_repository.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/media/v1/media_repository.py
@@ -100,17 +100,16 @@ class MediaRepository(object):
             storage_providers.append(provider)
 
         self.media_storage = MediaStorage(
-            self.hs, self.primary_base_path, self.filepaths, storage_providers,
+            self.hs, self.primary_base_path, self.filepaths, storage_providers
         )
 
         self.clock.looping_call(
-            self._start_update_recently_accessed,
-            UPDATE_RECENTLY_ACCESSED_TS,
+            self._start_update_recently_accessed, UPDATE_RECENTLY_ACCESSED_TS
         )
 
     def _start_update_recently_accessed(self):
         return run_as_background_process(
-            "update_recently_accessed_media", self._update_recently_accessed,
+            "update_recently_accessed_media", self._update_recently_accessed
         )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -138,8 +137,9 @@ class MediaRepository(object):
             self.recently_accessed_locals.add(media_id)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def create_content(self, media_type, upload_name, content, content_length,
-                       auth_user):
+    def create_content(
+        self, media_type, upload_name, content, content_length, auth_user
+    ):
         """Store uploaded content for a local user and return the mxc URL
 
         Args:
@@ -154,10 +154,7 @@ class MediaRepository(object):
         """
         media_id = random_string(24)
 
-        file_info = FileInfo(
-            server_name=None,
-            file_id=media_id,
-        )
+        file_info = FileInfo(server_name=None, file_id=media_id)
 
         fname = yield self.media_storage.store_file(content, file_info)
 
@@ -172,9 +169,7 @@ class MediaRepository(object):
             user_id=auth_user,
         )
 
-        yield self._generate_thumbnails(
-            None, media_id, media_id, media_type,
-        )
+        yield self._generate_thumbnails(None, media_id, media_id, media_type)
 
         defer.returnValue("mxc://%s/%s" % (self.server_name, media_id))
 
@@ -205,14 +200,11 @@ class MediaRepository(object):
         upload_name = name if name else media_info["upload_name"]
         url_cache = media_info["url_cache"]
 
-        file_info = FileInfo(
-            None, media_id,
-            url_cache=url_cache,
-        )
+        file_info = FileInfo(None, media_id, url_cache=url_cache)
 
         responder = yield self.media_storage.fetch_media(file_info)
         yield respond_with_responder(
-            request, responder, media_type, media_length, upload_name,
+            request, responder, media_type, media_length, upload_name
         )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -232,8 +224,8 @@ class MediaRepository(object):
                 to request
         """
         if (
-            self.federation_domain_whitelist is not None and
-            server_name not in self.federation_domain_whitelist
+            self.federation_domain_whitelist is not None
+            and server_name not in self.federation_domain_whitelist
         ):
             raise FederationDeniedError(server_name)
 
@@ -244,7 +236,7 @@ class MediaRepository(object):
         key = (server_name, media_id)
         with (yield self.remote_media_linearizer.queue(key)):
             responder, media_info = yield self._get_remote_media_impl(
-                server_name, media_id,
+                server_name, media_id
             )
 
         # We deliberately stream the file outside the lock
@@ -253,7 +245,7 @@ class MediaRepository(object):
             media_length = media_info["media_length"]
             upload_name = name if name else media_info["upload_name"]
             yield respond_with_responder(
-                request, responder, media_type, media_length, upload_name,
+                request, responder, media_type, media_length, upload_name
             )
         else:
             respond_404(request)
@@ -272,8 +264,8 @@ class MediaRepository(object):
             Deferred[dict]: The media_info of the file
         """
         if (
-            self.federation_domain_whitelist is not None and
-            server_name not in self.federation_domain_whitelist
+            self.federation_domain_whitelist is not None
+            and server_name not in self.federation_domain_whitelist
         ):
             raise FederationDeniedError(server_name)
 
@@ -282,7 +274,7 @@ class MediaRepository(object):
         key = (server_name, media_id)
         with (yield self.remote_media_linearizer.queue(key)):
             responder, media_info = yield self._get_remote_media_impl(
-                server_name, media_id,
+                server_name, media_id
             )
 
         # Ensure we actually use the responder so that it releases resources
@@ -305,9 +297,7 @@ class MediaRepository(object):
         Returns:
             Deferred[(Responder, media_info)]
         """
-        media_info = yield self.store.get_cached_remote_media(
-            server_name, media_id
-        )
+        media_info = yield self.store.get_cached_remote_media(server_name, media_id)
 
         # file_id is the ID we use to track the file locally. If we've already
         # seen the file then reuse the existing ID, otherwise genereate a new
@@ -331,9 +321,7 @@ class MediaRepository(object):
 
         # Failed to find the file anywhere, lets download it.
 
-        media_info = yield self._download_remote_file(
-            server_name, media_id, file_id
-        )
+        media_info = yield self._download_remote_file(server_name, media_id, file_id)
 
         responder = yield self.media_storage.fetch_media(file_info)
         defer.returnValue((responder, media_info))
@@ -354,54 +342,60 @@ class MediaRepository(object):
             Deferred[MediaInfo]
         """
 
-        file_info = FileInfo(
-            server_name=server_name,
-            file_id=file_id,
-        )
+        file_info = FileInfo(server_name=server_name, file_id=file_id)
 
         with self.media_storage.store_into_file(file_info) as (f, fname, finish):
-            request_path = "/".join((
-                "/_matrix/media/v1/download", server_name, media_id,
-            ))
+            request_path = "/".join(
+                ("/_matrix/media/v1/download", server_name, media_id)
+            )
             try:
                 length, headers = yield self.client.get_file(
-                    server_name, request_path, output_stream=f,
-                    max_size=self.max_upload_size, args={
+                    server_name,
+                    request_path,
+                    output_stream=f,
+                    max_size=self.max_upload_size,
+                    args={
                         # tell the remote server to 404 if it doesn't
                         # recognise the server_name, to make sure we don't
                         # end up with a routing loop.
-                        "allow_remote": "false",
-                    }
+                        "allow_remote": "false"
+                    },
                 )
             except RequestSendFailed as e:
-                logger.warn("Request failed fetching remote media %s/%s: %r",
-                            server_name, media_id, e)
+                logger.warn(
+                    "Request failed fetching remote media %s/%s: %r",
+                    server_name,
+                    media_id,
+                    e,
+                )
                 raise SynapseError(502, "Failed to fetch remote media")
 
             except HttpResponseException as e:
-                logger.warn("HTTP error fetching remote media %s/%s: %s",
-                            server_name, media_id, e.response)
+                logger.warn(
+                    "HTTP error fetching remote media %s/%s: %s",
+                    server_name,
+                    media_id,
+                    e.response,
+                )
                 if e.code == twisted.web.http.NOT_FOUND:
                     raise e.to_synapse_error()
                 raise SynapseError(502, "Failed to fetch remote media")
 
             except SynapseError:
-                logger.warn(
-                    "Failed to fetch remote media %s/%s",
-                    server_name, media_id,
-                )
+                logger.warn("Failed to fetch remote media %s/%s", server_name, media_id)
                 raise
             except NotRetryingDestination:
                 logger.warn("Not retrying destination %r", server_name)
                 raise SynapseError(502, "Failed to fetch remote media")
             except Exception:
-                logger.exception("Failed to fetch remote media %s/%s",
-                                 server_name, media_id)
+                logger.exception(
+                    "Failed to fetch remote media %s/%s", server_name, media_id
+                )
                 raise SynapseError(502, "Failed to fetch remote media")
 
             yield finish()
 
-        media_type = headers[b"Content-Type"][0].decode('ascii')
+        media_type = headers[b"Content-Type"][0].decode("ascii")
         upload_name = get_filename_from_headers(headers)
         time_now_ms = self.clock.time_msec()
 
@@ -425,24 +419,23 @@ class MediaRepository(object):
             "filesystem_id": file_id,
         }
 
-        yield self._generate_thumbnails(
-            server_name, media_id, file_id, media_type,
-        )
+        yield self._generate_thumbnails(server_name, media_id, file_id, media_type)
 
         defer.returnValue(media_info)
 
     def _get_thumbnail_requirements(self, media_type):
         return self.thumbnail_requirements.get(media_type, ())
 
-    def _generate_thumbnail(self, thumbnailer, t_width, t_height,
-                            t_method, t_type):
+    def _generate_thumbnail(self, thumbnailer, t_width, t_height, t_method, t_type):
         m_width = thumbnailer.width
         m_height = thumbnailer.height
 
         if m_width * m_height >= self.max_image_pixels:
             logger.info(
                 "Image too large to thumbnail %r x %r > %r",
-                m_width, m_height, self.max_image_pixels
+                m_width,
+                m_height,
+                self.max_image_pixels,
             )
             return
 
@@ -462,17 +455,22 @@ class MediaRepository(object):
         return t_byte_source
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def generate_local_exact_thumbnail(self, media_id, t_width, t_height,
-                                       t_method, t_type, url_cache):
-        input_path = yield self.media_storage.ensure_media_is_in_local_cache(FileInfo(
-            None, media_id, url_cache=url_cache,
-        ))
+    def generate_local_exact_thumbnail(
+        self, media_id, t_width, t_height, t_method, t_type, url_cache
+    ):
+        input_path = yield self.media_storage.ensure_media_is_in_local_cache(
+            FileInfo(None, media_id, url_cache=url_cache)
+        )
 
         thumbnailer = Thumbnailer(input_path)
         t_byte_source = yield logcontext.defer_to_thread(
             self.hs.get_reactor(),
             self._generate_thumbnail,
-            thumbnailer, t_width, t_height, t_method, t_type
+            thumbnailer,
+            t_width,
+            t_height,
+            t_method,
+            t_type,
         )
 
         if t_byte_source:
@@ -489,7 +487,7 @@ class MediaRepository(object):
                 )
 
                 output_path = yield self.media_storage.store_file(
-                    t_byte_source, file_info,
+                    t_byte_source, file_info
                 )
             finally:
                 t_byte_source.close()
@@ -505,17 +503,22 @@ class MediaRepository(object):
             defer.returnValue(output_path)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def generate_remote_exact_thumbnail(self, server_name, file_id, media_id,
-                                        t_width, t_height, t_method, t_type):
-        input_path = yield self.media_storage.ensure_media_is_in_local_cache(FileInfo(
-            server_name, file_id, url_cache=False,
-        ))
+    def generate_remote_exact_thumbnail(
+        self, server_name, file_id, media_id, t_width, t_height, t_method, t_type
+    ):
+        input_path = yield self.media_storage.ensure_media_is_in_local_cache(
+            FileInfo(server_name, file_id, url_cache=False)
+        )
 
         thumbnailer = Thumbnailer(input_path)
         t_byte_source = yield logcontext.defer_to_thread(
             self.hs.get_reactor(),
             self._generate_thumbnail,
-            thumbnailer, t_width, t_height, t_method, t_type
+            thumbnailer,
+            t_width,
+            t_height,
+            t_method,
+            t_type,
         )
 
         if t_byte_source:
@@ -531,7 +534,7 @@ class MediaRepository(object):
                 )
 
                 output_path = yield self.media_storage.store_file(
-                    t_byte_source, file_info,
+                    t_byte_source, file_info
                 )
             finally:
                 t_byte_source.close()
@@ -541,15 +544,22 @@ class MediaRepository(object):
             t_len = os.path.getsize(output_path)
 
             yield self.store.store_remote_media_thumbnail(
-                server_name, media_id, file_id,
-                t_width, t_height, t_type, t_method, t_len
+                server_name,
+                media_id,
+                file_id,
+                t_width,
+                t_height,
+                t_type,
+                t_method,
+                t_len,
             )
 
             defer.returnValue(output_path)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _generate_thumbnails(self, server_name, media_id, file_id, media_type,
-                             url_cache=False):
+    def _generate_thumbnails(
+        self, server_name, media_id, file_id, media_type, url_cache=False
+    ):
         """Generate and store thumbnails for an image.
 
         Args:
@@ -568,9 +578,9 @@ class MediaRepository(object):
         if not requirements:
             return
 
-        input_path = yield self.media_storage.ensure_media_is_in_local_cache(FileInfo(
-            server_name, file_id, url_cache=url_cache,
-        ))
+        input_path = yield self.media_storage.ensure_media_is_in_local_cache(
+            FileInfo(server_name, file_id, url_cache=url_cache)
+        )
 
         thumbnailer = Thumbnailer(input_path)
         m_width = thumbnailer.width
@@ -579,14 +589,15 @@ class MediaRepository(object):
         if m_width * m_height >= self.max_image_pixels:
             logger.info(
                 "Image too large to thumbnail %r x %r > %r",
-                m_width, m_height, self.max_image_pixels
+                m_width,
+                m_height,
+                self.max_image_pixels,
             )
             return
 
         if thumbnailer.transpose_method is not None:
             m_width, m_height = yield logcontext.defer_to_thread(
-                self.hs.get_reactor(),
-                thumbnailer.transpose
+                self.hs.get_reactor(), thumbnailer.transpose
             )
 
         # We deduplicate the thumbnail sizes by ignoring the cropped versions if
@@ -606,15 +617,11 @@ class MediaRepository(object):
             # Generate the thumbnail
             if t_method == "crop":
                 t_byte_source = yield logcontext.defer_to_thread(
-                    self.hs.get_reactor(),
-                    thumbnailer.crop,
-                    t_width, t_height, t_type,
+                    self.hs.get_reactor(), thumbnailer.crop, t_width, t_height, t_type
                 )
             elif t_method == "scale":
                 t_byte_source = yield logcontext.defer_to_thread(
-                    self.hs.get_reactor(),
-                    thumbnailer.scale,
-                    t_width, t_height, t_type,
+                    self.hs.get_reactor(), thumbnailer.scale, t_width, t_height, t_type
                 )
             else:
                 logger.error("Unrecognized method: %r", t_method)
@@ -636,7 +643,7 @@ class MediaRepository(object):
                 )
 
                 output_path = yield self.media_storage.store_file(
-                    t_byte_source, file_info,
+                    t_byte_source, file_info
                 )
             finally:
                 t_byte_source.close()
@@ -646,18 +653,21 @@ class MediaRepository(object):
             # Write to database
             if server_name:
                 yield self.store.store_remote_media_thumbnail(
-                    server_name, media_id, file_id,
-                    t_width, t_height, t_type, t_method, t_len
+                    server_name,
+                    media_id,
+                    file_id,
+                    t_width,
+                    t_height,
+                    t_type,
+                    t_method,
+                    t_len,
                 )
             else:
                 yield self.store.store_local_thumbnail(
                     media_id, t_width, t_height, t_type, t_method, t_len
                 )
 
-        defer.returnValue({
-            "width": m_width,
-            "height": m_height,
-        })
+        defer.returnValue({"width": m_width, "height": m_height})
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def delete_old_remote_media(self, before_ts):
@@ -749,11 +759,12 @@ class MediaRepositoryResource(Resource):
 
         self.putChild(b"upload", UploadResource(hs, media_repo))
         self.putChild(b"download", DownloadResource(hs, media_repo))
-        self.putChild(b"thumbnail", ThumbnailResource(
-            hs, media_repo, media_repo.media_storage,
-        ))
+        self.putChild(
+            b"thumbnail", ThumbnailResource(hs, media_repo, media_repo.media_storage)
+        )
         if hs.config.url_preview_enabled:
-            self.putChild(b"preview_url", PreviewUrlResource(
-                hs, media_repo, media_repo.media_storage,
-            ))
+            self.putChild(
+                b"preview_url",
+                PreviewUrlResource(hs, media_repo, media_repo.media_storage),
+            )
         self.putChild(b"config", MediaConfigResource(hs))
diff --git a/synapse/rest/media/v1/media_storage.py b/synapse/rest/media/v1/media_storage.py
index 896078fe76..eff86836fb 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/media/v1/media_storage.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/media/v1/media_storage.py
@@ -66,8 +66,7 @@ class MediaStorage(object):
         with self.store_into_file(file_info) as (f, fname, finish_cb):
             # Write to the main repository
             yield logcontext.defer_to_thread(
-                self.hs.get_reactor(),
-                _write_file_synchronously, source, f,
+                self.hs.get_reactor(), _write_file_synchronously, source, f
             )
             yield finish_cb()
 
@@ -179,7 +178,8 @@ class MediaStorage(object):
             if res:
                 with res:
                     consumer = BackgroundFileConsumer(
-                        open(local_path, "wb"), self.hs.get_reactor())
+                        open(local_path, "wb"), self.hs.get_reactor()
+                    )
                     yield res.write_to_consumer(consumer)
                     yield consumer.wait()
                 defer.returnValue(local_path)
@@ -217,10 +217,10 @@ class MediaStorage(object):
                     width=file_info.thumbnail_width,
                     height=file_info.thumbnail_height,
                     content_type=file_info.thumbnail_type,
-                    method=file_info.thumbnail_method
+                    method=file_info.thumbnail_method,
                 )
             return self.filepaths.remote_media_filepath_rel(
-                file_info.server_name, file_info.file_id,
+                file_info.server_name, file_info.file_id
             )
 
         if file_info.thumbnail:
@@ -229,11 +229,9 @@ class MediaStorage(object):
                 width=file_info.thumbnail_width,
                 height=file_info.thumbnail_height,
                 content_type=file_info.thumbnail_type,
-                method=file_info.thumbnail_method
+                method=file_info.thumbnail_method,
             )
-        return self.filepaths.local_media_filepath_rel(
-            file_info.file_id,
-        )
+        return self.filepaths.local_media_filepath_rel(file_info.file_id)
 
 
 def _write_file_synchronously(source, dest):
@@ -255,6 +253,7 @@ class FileResponder(Responder):
         open_file (file): A file like object to be streamed ot the client,
             is closed when finished streaming.
     """
+
     def __init__(self, open_file):
         self.open_file = open_file
 
diff --git a/synapse/rest/media/v1/preview_url_resource.py b/synapse/rest/media/v1/preview_url_resource.py
index 85a7c61a24..e7c5f5a8e2 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/media/v1/preview_url_resource.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/media/v1/preview_url_resource.py
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ class PreviewUrlResource(Resource):
         )
 
         self._cleaner_loop = self.clock.looping_call(
-            self._start_expire_url_cache_data, 10 * 1000,
+            self._start_expire_url_cache_data, 10 * 1000
         )
 
     def render_OPTIONS(self, request):
@@ -123,16 +123,16 @@ class PreviewUrlResource(Resource):
             for attrib in entry:
                 pattern = entry[attrib]
                 value = getattr(url_tuple, attrib)
-                logger.debug((
-                    "Matching attrib '%s' with value '%s' against"
-                    " pattern '%s'"
-                ) % (attrib, value, pattern))
+                logger.debug(
+                    ("Matching attrib '%s' with value '%s' against" " pattern '%s'")
+                    % (attrib, value, pattern)
+                )
 
                 if value is None:
                     match = False
                     continue
 
-                if pattern.startswith('^'):
+                if pattern.startswith("^"):
                     if not re.match(pattern, getattr(url_tuple, attrib)):
                         match = False
                         continue
@@ -141,12 +141,9 @@ class PreviewUrlResource(Resource):
                         match = False
                         continue
             if match:
-                logger.warn(
-                    "URL %s blocked by url_blacklist entry %s", url, entry
-                )
+                logger.warn("URL %s blocked by url_blacklist entry %s", url, entry)
                 raise SynapseError(
-                    403, "URL blocked by url pattern blacklist entry",
-                    Codes.UNKNOWN
+                    403, "URL blocked by url pattern blacklist entry", Codes.UNKNOWN
                 )
 
         # the in-memory cache:
@@ -158,14 +155,8 @@ class PreviewUrlResource(Resource):
         observable = self._cache.get(url)
 
         if not observable:
-            download = run_in_background(
-                self._do_preview,
-                url, requester.user, ts,
-            )
-            observable = ObservableDeferred(
-                download,
-                consumeErrors=True
-            )
+            download = run_in_background(self._do_preview, url, requester.user, ts)
+            observable = ObservableDeferred(download, consumeErrors=True)
             self._cache[url] = observable
         else:
             logger.info("Returning cached response")
@@ -189,15 +180,15 @@ class PreviewUrlResource(Resource):
         # historical previews, if we have any)
         cache_result = yield self.store.get_url_cache(url, ts)
         if (
-            cache_result and
-            cache_result["expires_ts"] > ts and
-            cache_result["response_code"] / 100 == 2
+            cache_result
+            and cache_result["expires_ts"] > ts
+            and cache_result["response_code"] / 100 == 2
         ):
             # It may be stored as text in the database, not as bytes (such as
             # PostgreSQL). If so, encode it back before handing it on.
             og = cache_result["og"]
             if isinstance(og, six.text_type):
-                og = og.encode('utf8')
+                og = og.encode("utf8")
             defer.returnValue(og)
             return
 
@@ -205,33 +196,31 @@ class PreviewUrlResource(Resource):
 
         logger.debug("got media_info of '%s'" % media_info)
 
-        if _is_media(media_info['media_type']):
-            file_id = media_info['filesystem_id']
+        if _is_media(media_info["media_type"]):
+            file_id = media_info["filesystem_id"]
             dims = yield self.media_repo._generate_thumbnails(
-                None, file_id, file_id, media_info["media_type"],
-                url_cache=True,
+                None, file_id, file_id, media_info["media_type"], url_cache=True
             )
 
             og = {
-                "og:description": media_info['download_name'],
-                "og:image": "mxc://%s/%s" % (
-                    self.server_name, media_info['filesystem_id']
-                ),
-                "og:image:type": media_info['media_type'],
-                "matrix:image:size": media_info['media_length'],
+                "og:description": media_info["download_name"],
+                "og:image": "mxc://%s/%s"
+                % (self.server_name, media_info["filesystem_id"]),
+                "og:image:type": media_info["media_type"],
+                "matrix:image:size": media_info["media_length"],
             }
 
             if dims:
-                og["og:image:width"] = dims['width']
-                og["og:image:height"] = dims['height']
+                og["og:image:width"] = dims["width"]
+                og["og:image:height"] = dims["height"]
             else:
                 logger.warn("Couldn't get dims for %s" % url)
 
             # define our OG response for this media
-        elif _is_html(media_info['media_type']):
+        elif _is_html(media_info["media_type"]):
             # TODO: somehow stop a big HTML tree from exploding synapse's RAM
 
-            with open(media_info['filename'], 'rb') as file:
+            with open(media_info["filename"], "rb") as file:
                 body = file.read()
 
             encoding = None
@@ -244,45 +233,43 @@ class PreviewUrlResource(Resource):
             # If we find a match, it should take precedence over the
             # Content-Type header, so set it here.
             if match:
-                encoding = match.group(1).decode('ascii')
+                encoding = match.group(1).decode("ascii")
 
             # If we don't find a match, we'll look at the HTTP Content-Type, and
             # if that doesn't exist, we'll fall back to UTF-8.
             if not encoding:
-                match = _content_type_match.match(
-                    media_info['media_type']
-                )
+                match = _content_type_match.match(media_info["media_type"])
                 encoding = match.group(1) if match else "utf-8"
 
-            og = decode_and_calc_og(body, media_info['uri'], encoding)
+            og = decode_and_calc_og(body, media_info["uri"], encoding)
 
             # pre-cache the image for posterity
             # FIXME: it might be cleaner to use the same flow as the main /preview_url
             # request itself and benefit from the same caching etc.  But for now we
             # just rely on the caching on the master request to speed things up.
-            if 'og:image' in og and og['og:image']:
+            if "og:image" in og and og["og:image"]:
                 image_info = yield self._download_url(
-                    _rebase_url(og['og:image'], media_info['uri']), user
+                    _rebase_url(og["og:image"], media_info["uri"]), user
                 )
 
-                if _is_media(image_info['media_type']):
+                if _is_media(image_info["media_type"]):
                     # TODO: make sure we don't choke on white-on-transparent images
-                    file_id = image_info['filesystem_id']
+                    file_id = image_info["filesystem_id"]
                     dims = yield self.media_repo._generate_thumbnails(
-                        None, file_id, file_id, image_info["media_type"],
-                        url_cache=True,
+                        None, file_id, file_id, image_info["media_type"], url_cache=True
                     )
                     if dims:
-                        og["og:image:width"] = dims['width']
-                        og["og:image:height"] = dims['height']
+                        og["og:image:width"] = dims["width"]
+                        og["og:image:height"] = dims["height"]
                     else:
                         logger.warn("Couldn't get dims for %s" % og["og:image"])
 
                     og["og:image"] = "mxc://%s/%s" % (
-                        self.server_name, image_info['filesystem_id']
+                        self.server_name,
+                        image_info["filesystem_id"],
                     )
-                    og["og:image:type"] = image_info['media_type']
-                    og["matrix:image:size"] = image_info['media_length']
+                    og["og:image:type"] = image_info["media_type"]
+                    og["matrix:image:size"] = image_info["media_length"]
                 else:
                     del og["og:image"]
         else:
@@ -291,7 +278,7 @@ class PreviewUrlResource(Resource):
 
         logger.debug("Calculated OG for %s as %s" % (url, og))
 
-        jsonog = json.dumps(og).encode('utf8')
+        jsonog = json.dumps(og).encode("utf8")
 
         # store OG in history-aware DB cache
         yield self.store.store_url_cache(
@@ -312,19 +299,15 @@ class PreviewUrlResource(Resource):
         # we're most likely being explicitly triggered by a human rather than a
         # bot, so are we really a robot?
 
-        file_id = datetime.date.today().isoformat() + '_' + random_string(16)
+        file_id = datetime.date.today().isoformat() + "_" + random_string(16)
 
-        file_info = FileInfo(
-            server_name=None,
-            file_id=file_id,
-            url_cache=True,
-        )
+        file_info = FileInfo(server_name=None, file_id=file_id, url_cache=True)
 
         with self.media_storage.store_into_file(file_info) as (f, fname, finish):
             try:
                 logger.debug("Trying to get url '%s'" % url)
                 length, headers, uri, code = yield self.client.get_file(
-                    url, output_stream=f, max_size=self.max_spider_size,
+                    url, output_stream=f, max_size=self.max_spider_size
                 )
             except SynapseError:
                 # Pass SynapseErrors through directly, so that the servlet
@@ -336,24 +319,25 @@ class PreviewUrlResource(Resource):
                 # Note: This will also be the case if one of the resolved IP
                 # addresses is blacklisted
                 raise SynapseError(
-                    502, "DNS resolution failure during URL preview generation",
-                    Codes.UNKNOWN
+                    502,
+                    "DNS resolution failure during URL preview generation",
+                    Codes.UNKNOWN,
                 )
             except Exception as e:
                 # FIXME: pass through 404s and other error messages nicely
                 logger.warn("Error downloading %s: %r", url, e)
 
                 raise SynapseError(
-                    500, "Failed to download content: %s" % (
-                        traceback.format_exception_only(sys.exc_info()[0], e),
-                    ),
+                    500,
+                    "Failed to download content: %s"
+                    % (traceback.format_exception_only(sys.exc_info()[0], e),),
                     Codes.UNKNOWN,
                 )
             yield finish()
 
         try:
             if b"Content-Type" in headers:
-                media_type = headers[b"Content-Type"][0].decode('ascii')
+                media_type = headers[b"Content-Type"][0].decode("ascii")
             else:
                 media_type = "application/octet-stream"
             time_now_ms = self.clock.time_msec()
@@ -377,24 +361,26 @@ class PreviewUrlResource(Resource):
             # therefore not expire it.
             raise
 
-        defer.returnValue({
-            "media_type": media_type,
-            "media_length": length,
-            "download_name": download_name,
-            "created_ts": time_now_ms,
-            "filesystem_id": file_id,
-            "filename": fname,
-            "uri": uri,
-            "response_code": code,
-            # FIXME: we should calculate a proper expiration based on the
-            # Cache-Control and Expire headers.  But for now, assume 1 hour.
-            "expires": 60 * 60 * 1000,
-            "etag": headers["ETag"][0] if "ETag" in headers else None,
-        })
+        defer.returnValue(
+            {
+                "media_type": media_type,
+                "media_length": length,
+                "download_name": download_name,
+                "created_ts": time_now_ms,
+                "filesystem_id": file_id,
+                "filename": fname,
+                "uri": uri,
+                "response_code": code,
+                # FIXME: we should calculate a proper expiration based on the
+                # Cache-Control and Expire headers.  But for now, assume 1 hour.
+                "expires": 60 * 60 * 1000,
+                "etag": headers["ETag"][0] if "ETag" in headers else None,
+            }
+        )
 
     def _start_expire_url_cache_data(self):
         return run_as_background_process(
-            "expire_url_cache_data", self._expire_url_cache_data,
+            "expire_url_cache_data", self._expire_url_cache_data
         )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -498,7 +484,7 @@ def decode_and_calc_og(body, media_uri, request_encoding=None):
         # blindly try decoding the body as utf-8, which seems to fix
         # the charset mismatches on https://google.com
         parser = etree.HTMLParser(recover=True, encoding=request_encoding)
-        tree = etree.fromstring(body.decode('utf-8', 'ignore'), parser)
+        tree = etree.fromstring(body.decode("utf-8", "ignore"), parser)
         og = _calc_og(tree, media_uri)
 
     return og
@@ -525,8 +511,8 @@ def _calc_og(tree, media_uri):
 
     og = {}
     for tag in tree.xpath("//*/meta[starts-with(@property, 'og:')]"):
-        if 'content' in tag.attrib:
-            og[tag.attrib['property']] = tag.attrib['content']
+        if "content" in tag.attrib:
+            og[tag.attrib["property"]] = tag.attrib["content"]
 
     # TODO: grab article: meta tags too, e.g.:
 
@@ -537,39 +523,43 @@ def _calc_og(tree, media_uri):
     # "article:published_time" content="2016-03-31T19:58:24+00:00" />
     # "article:modified_time" content="2016-04-01T18:31:53+00:00" />
 
-    if 'og:title' not in og:
+    if "og:title" not in og:
         # do some basic spidering of the HTML
         title = tree.xpath("(//title)[1] | (//h1)[1] | (//h2)[1] | (//h3)[1]")
         if title and title[0].text is not None:
-            og['og:title'] = title[0].text.strip()
+            og["og:title"] = title[0].text.strip()
         else:
-            og['og:title'] = None
+            og["og:title"] = None
 
-    if 'og:image' not in og:
+    if "og:image" not in og:
         # TODO: extract a favicon failing all else
         meta_image = tree.xpath(
             "//*/meta[translate(@itemprop, 'IMAGE', 'image')='image']/@content"
         )
         if meta_image:
-            og['og:image'] = _rebase_url(meta_image[0], media_uri)
+            og["og:image"] = _rebase_url(meta_image[0], media_uri)
         else:
             # TODO: consider inlined CSS styles as well as width & height attribs
             images = tree.xpath("//img[@src][number(@width)>10][number(@height)>10]")
-            images = sorted(images, key=lambda i: (
-                -1 * float(i.attrib['width']) * float(i.attrib['height'])
-            ))
+            images = sorted(
+                images,
+                key=lambda i: (
+                    -1 * float(i.attrib["width"]) * float(i.attrib["height"])
+                ),
+            )
             if not images:
                 images = tree.xpath("//img[@src]")
             if images:
-                og['og:image'] = images[0].attrib['src']
+                og["og:image"] = images[0].attrib["src"]
 
-    if 'og:description' not in og:
+    if "og:description" not in og:
         meta_description = tree.xpath(
             "//*/meta"
             "[translate(@name, 'DESCRIPTION', 'description')='description']"
-            "/@content")
+            "/@content"
+        )
         if meta_description:
-            og['og:description'] = meta_description[0]
+            og["og:description"] = meta_description[0]
         else:
             # grab any text nodes which are inside the <body/> tag...
             # unless they are within an HTML5 semantic markup tag...
@@ -590,18 +580,18 @@ def _calc_og(tree, media_uri):
                 "script",
                 "noscript",
                 "style",
-                etree.Comment
+                etree.Comment,
             )
 
             # Split all the text nodes into paragraphs (by splitting on new
             # lines)
             text_nodes = (
-                re.sub(r'\s+', '\n', el).strip()
+                re.sub(r"\s+", "\n", el).strip()
                 for el in _iterate_over_text(tree.find("body"), *TAGS_TO_REMOVE)
             )
-            og['og:description'] = summarize_paragraphs(text_nodes)
+            og["og:description"] = summarize_paragraphs(text_nodes)
     else:
-        og['og:description'] = summarize_paragraphs([og['og:description']])
+        og["og:description"] = summarize_paragraphs([og["og:description"]])
 
     # TODO: delete the url downloads to stop diskfilling,
     # as we only ever cared about its OG
@@ -638,7 +628,7 @@ def _iterate_over_text(tree, *tags_to_ignore):
                     [child, child.tail] if child.tail else [child]
                     for child in el.iterchildren()
                 ),
-                elements
+                elements,
             )
 
 
@@ -649,8 +639,8 @@ def _rebase_url(url, base):
         url[0] = base[0] or "http"
     if not url[1]:  # fix up hostname
         url[1] = base[1]
-        if not url[2].startswith('/'):
-            url[2] = re.sub(r'/[^/]+$', '/', base[2]) + url[2]
+        if not url[2].startswith("/"):
+            url[2] = re.sub(r"/[^/]+$", "/", base[2]) + url[2]
     return urlparse.urlunparse(url)
 
 
@@ -661,9 +651,8 @@ def _is_media(content_type):
 
 def _is_html(content_type):
     content_type = content_type.lower()
-    if (
-        content_type.startswith("text/html") or
-        content_type.startswith("application/xhtml")
+    if content_type.startswith("text/html") or content_type.startswith(
+        "application/xhtml"
     ):
         return True
 
@@ -673,19 +662,19 @@ def summarize_paragraphs(text_nodes, min_size=200, max_size=500):
     # first paragraph and then word boundaries.
     # TODO: Respect sentences?
 
-    description = ''
+    description = ""
 
     # Keep adding paragraphs until we get to the MIN_SIZE.
     for text_node in text_nodes:
         if len(description) < min_size:
-            text_node = re.sub(r'[\t \r\n]+', ' ', text_node)
-            description += text_node + '\n\n'
+            text_node = re.sub(r"[\t \r\n]+", " ", text_node)
+            description += text_node + "\n\n"
         else:
             break
 
     description = description.strip()
-    description = re.sub(r'[\t ]+', ' ', description)
-    description = re.sub(r'[\t \r\n]*[\r\n]+', '\n\n', description)
+    description = re.sub(r"[\t ]+", " ", description)
+    description = re.sub(r"[\t \r\n]*[\r\n]+", "\n\n", description)
 
     # If the concatenation of paragraphs to get above MIN_SIZE
     # took us over MAX_SIZE, then we need to truncate mid paragraph
diff --git a/synapse/rest/media/v1/storage_provider.py b/synapse/rest/media/v1/storage_provider.py
index d90cbfb56a..359b45ebfc 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/media/v1/storage_provider.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/media/v1/storage_provider.py
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ class StorageProvider(object):
     """A storage provider is a service that can store uploaded media and
     retrieve them.
     """
+
     def store_file(self, path, file_info):
         """Store the file described by file_info. The actual contents can be
         retrieved by reading the file in file_info.upload_path.
@@ -70,6 +71,7 @@ class StorageProviderWrapper(StorageProvider):
             uploaded, or todo the upload in the backgroud.
         store_remote (bool): Whether remote media should be uploaded
     """
+
     def __init__(self, backend, store_local, store_synchronous, store_remote):
         self.backend = backend
         self.store_local = store_local
@@ -92,6 +94,7 @@ class StorageProviderWrapper(StorageProvider):
                     return self.backend.store_file(path, file_info)
                 except Exception:
                     logger.exception("Error storing file")
+
             run_in_background(store)
             return defer.succeed(None)
 
@@ -123,8 +126,7 @@ class FileStorageProviderBackend(StorageProvider):
             os.makedirs(dirname)
 
         return logcontext.defer_to_thread(
-            self.hs.get_reactor(),
-            shutil.copyfile, primary_fname, backup_fname,
+            self.hs.get_reactor(), shutil.copyfile, primary_fname, backup_fname
         )
 
     def fetch(self, path, file_info):
diff --git a/synapse/rest/media/v1/thumbnail_resource.py b/synapse/rest/media/v1/thumbnail_resource.py
index 35a750923b..ca84c9f139 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/media/v1/thumbnail_resource.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/media/v1/thumbnail_resource.py
@@ -74,19 +74,18 @@ class ThumbnailResource(Resource):
         else:
             if self.dynamic_thumbnails:
                 yield self._select_or_generate_remote_thumbnail(
-                    request, server_name, media_id,
-                    width, height, method, m_type
+                    request, server_name, media_id, width, height, method, m_type
                 )
             else:
                 yield self._respond_remote_thumbnail(
-                    request, server_name, media_id,
-                    width, height, method, m_type
+                    request, server_name, media_id, width, height, method, m_type
                 )
             self.media_repo.mark_recently_accessed(server_name, media_id)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _respond_local_thumbnail(self, request, media_id, width, height,
-                                 method, m_type):
+    def _respond_local_thumbnail(
+        self, request, media_id, width, height, method, m_type
+    ):
         media_info = yield self.store.get_local_media(media_id)
 
         if not media_info:
@@ -105,7 +104,8 @@ class ThumbnailResource(Resource):
             )
 
             file_info = FileInfo(
-                server_name=None, file_id=media_id,
+                server_name=None,
+                file_id=media_id,
                 url_cache=media_info["url_cache"],
                 thumbnail=True,
                 thumbnail_width=thumbnail_info["thumbnail_width"],
@@ -124,9 +124,15 @@ class ThumbnailResource(Resource):
             respond_404(request)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _select_or_generate_local_thumbnail(self, request, media_id, desired_width,
-                                            desired_height, desired_method,
-                                            desired_type):
+    def _select_or_generate_local_thumbnail(
+        self,
+        request,
+        media_id,
+        desired_width,
+        desired_height,
+        desired_method,
+        desired_type,
+    ):
         media_info = yield self.store.get_local_media(media_id)
 
         if not media_info:
@@ -146,7 +152,8 @@ class ThumbnailResource(Resource):
 
             if t_w and t_h and t_method and t_type:
                 file_info = FileInfo(
-                    server_name=None, file_id=media_id,
+                    server_name=None,
+                    file_id=media_id,
                     url_cache=media_info["url_cache"],
                     thumbnail=True,
                     thumbnail_width=info["thumbnail_width"],
@@ -167,7 +174,11 @@ class ThumbnailResource(Resource):
 
         # Okay, so we generate one.
         file_path = yield self.media_repo.generate_local_exact_thumbnail(
-            media_id, desired_width, desired_height, desired_method, desired_type,
+            media_id,
+            desired_width,
+            desired_height,
+            desired_method,
+            desired_type,
             url_cache=media_info["url_cache"],
         )
 
@@ -178,13 +189,20 @@ class ThumbnailResource(Resource):
             respond_404(request)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _select_or_generate_remote_thumbnail(self, request, server_name, media_id,
-                                             desired_width, desired_height,
-                                             desired_method, desired_type):
+    def _select_or_generate_remote_thumbnail(
+        self,
+        request,
+        server_name,
+        media_id,
+        desired_width,
+        desired_height,
+        desired_method,
+        desired_type,
+    ):
         media_info = yield self.media_repo.get_remote_media_info(server_name, media_id)
 
         thumbnail_infos = yield self.store.get_remote_media_thumbnails(
-            server_name, media_id,
+            server_name, media_id
         )
 
         file_id = media_info["filesystem_id"]
@@ -197,7 +215,8 @@ class ThumbnailResource(Resource):
 
             if t_w and t_h and t_method and t_type:
                 file_info = FileInfo(
-                    server_name=server_name, file_id=media_info["filesystem_id"],
+                    server_name=server_name,
+                    file_id=media_info["filesystem_id"],
                     thumbnail=True,
                     thumbnail_width=info["thumbnail_width"],
                     thumbnail_height=info["thumbnail_height"],
@@ -217,8 +236,13 @@ class ThumbnailResource(Resource):
 
         # Okay, so we generate one.
         file_path = yield self.media_repo.generate_remote_exact_thumbnail(
-            server_name, file_id, media_id, desired_width,
-            desired_height, desired_method, desired_type
+            server_name,
+            file_id,
+            media_id,
+            desired_width,
+            desired_height,
+            desired_method,
+            desired_type,
         )
 
         if file_path:
@@ -228,15 +252,16 @@ class ThumbnailResource(Resource):
             respond_404(request)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _respond_remote_thumbnail(self, request, server_name, media_id, width,
-                                  height, method, m_type):
+    def _respond_remote_thumbnail(
+        self, request, server_name, media_id, width, height, method, m_type
+    ):
         # TODO: Don't download the whole remote file
         # We should proxy the thumbnail from the remote server instead of
         # downloading the remote file and generating our own thumbnails.
         media_info = yield self.media_repo.get_remote_media_info(server_name, media_id)
 
         thumbnail_infos = yield self.store.get_remote_media_thumbnails(
-            server_name, media_id,
+            server_name, media_id
         )
 
         if thumbnail_infos:
@@ -244,7 +269,8 @@ class ThumbnailResource(Resource):
                 width, height, method, m_type, thumbnail_infos
             )
             file_info = FileInfo(
-                server_name=server_name, file_id=media_info["filesystem_id"],
+                server_name=server_name,
+                file_id=media_info["filesystem_id"],
                 thumbnail=True,
                 thumbnail_width=thumbnail_info["thumbnail_width"],
                 thumbnail_height=thumbnail_info["thumbnail_height"],
@@ -261,8 +287,14 @@ class ThumbnailResource(Resource):
             logger.info("Failed to find any generated thumbnails")
             respond_404(request)
 
-    def _select_thumbnail(self, desired_width, desired_height, desired_method,
-                          desired_type, thumbnail_infos):
+    def _select_thumbnail(
+        self,
+        desired_width,
+        desired_height,
+        desired_method,
+        desired_type,
+        thumbnail_infos,
+    ):
         d_w = desired_width
         d_h = desired_height
 
@@ -280,15 +312,27 @@ class ThumbnailResource(Resource):
                     type_quality = desired_type != info["thumbnail_type"]
                     length_quality = info["thumbnail_length"]
                     if t_w >= d_w or t_h >= d_h:
-                        info_list.append((
-                            aspect_quality, min_quality, size_quality, type_quality,
-                            length_quality, info
-                        ))
+                        info_list.append(
+                            (
+                                aspect_quality,
+                                min_quality,
+                                size_quality,
+                                type_quality,
+                                length_quality,
+                                info,
+                            )
+                        )
                     else:
-                        info_list2.append((
-                            aspect_quality, min_quality, size_quality, type_quality,
-                            length_quality, info
-                        ))
+                        info_list2.append(
+                            (
+                                aspect_quality,
+                                min_quality,
+                                size_quality,
+                                type_quality,
+                                length_quality,
+                                info,
+                            )
+                        )
             if info_list:
                 return min(info_list)[-1]
             else:
@@ -304,13 +348,11 @@ class ThumbnailResource(Resource):
                 type_quality = desired_type != info["thumbnail_type"]
                 length_quality = info["thumbnail_length"]
                 if t_method == "scale" and (t_w >= d_w or t_h >= d_h):
-                    info_list.append((
-                        size_quality, type_quality, length_quality, info
-                    ))
+                    info_list.append((size_quality, type_quality, length_quality, info))
                 elif t_method == "scale":
-                    info_list2.append((
-                        size_quality, type_quality, length_quality, info
-                    ))
+                    info_list2.append(
+                        (size_quality, type_quality, length_quality, info)
+                    )
             if info_list:
                 return min(info_list)[-1]
             else:
diff --git a/synapse/rest/media/v1/thumbnailer.py b/synapse/rest/media/v1/thumbnailer.py
index 3efd0d80fc..90d8e6bffe 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/media/v1/thumbnailer.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/media/v1/thumbnailer.py
@@ -28,16 +28,13 @@ EXIF_TRANSPOSE_MAPPINGS = {
     5: Image.TRANSPOSE,
     6: Image.ROTATE_270,
     7: Image.TRANSVERSE,
-    8: Image.ROTATE_90
+    8: Image.ROTATE_90,
 }
 
 
 class Thumbnailer(object):
 
-    FORMATS = {
-        "image/jpeg": "JPEG",
-        "image/png": "PNG",
-    }
+    FORMATS = {"image/jpeg": "JPEG", "image/png": "PNG"}
 
     def __init__(self, input_path):
         self.image = Image.open(input_path)
@@ -110,17 +107,13 @@ class Thumbnailer(object):
         """
         if width * self.height > height * self.width:
             scaled_height = (width * self.height) // self.width
-            scaled_image = self.image.resize(
-                (width, scaled_height), Image.ANTIALIAS
-            )
+            scaled_image = self.image.resize((width, scaled_height), Image.ANTIALIAS)
             crop_top = (scaled_height - height) // 2
             crop_bottom = height + crop_top
             cropped = scaled_image.crop((0, crop_top, width, crop_bottom))
         else:
             scaled_width = (height * self.width) // self.height
-            scaled_image = self.image.resize(
-                (scaled_width, height), Image.ANTIALIAS
-            )
+            scaled_image = self.image.resize((scaled_width, height), Image.ANTIALIAS)
             crop_left = (scaled_width - width) // 2
             crop_right = width + crop_left
             cropped = scaled_image.crop((crop_left, 0, crop_right, height))
diff --git a/synapse/rest/media/v1/upload_resource.py b/synapse/rest/media/v1/upload_resource.py
index c1240e1963..d1d7e959f0 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/media/v1/upload_resource.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/media/v1/upload_resource.py
@@ -55,48 +55,36 @@ class UploadResource(Resource):
         requester = yield self.auth.get_user_by_req(request)
         # TODO: The checks here are a bit late. The content will have
         # already been uploaded to a tmp file at this point
-        content_length = request.getHeader(b"Content-Length").decode('ascii')
+        content_length = request.getHeader(b"Content-Length").decode("ascii")
         if content_length is None:
-            raise SynapseError(
-                msg="Request must specify a Content-Length", code=400
-            )
+            raise SynapseError(msg="Request must specify a Content-Length", code=400)
         if int(content_length) > self.max_upload_size:
-            raise SynapseError(
-                msg="Upload request body is too large",
-                code=413,
-            )
+            raise SynapseError(msg="Upload request body is too large", code=413)
 
         upload_name = parse_string(request, b"filename", encoding=None)
         if upload_name:
             try:
-                upload_name = upload_name.decode('utf8')
+                upload_name = upload_name.decode("utf8")
             except UnicodeDecodeError:
                 raise SynapseError(
-                    msg="Invalid UTF-8 filename parameter: %r" % (upload_name),
-                    code=400,
+                    msg="Invalid UTF-8 filename parameter: %r" % (upload_name), code=400
                 )
 
         headers = request.requestHeaders
 
         if headers.hasHeader(b"Content-Type"):
-            media_type = headers.getRawHeaders(b"Content-Type")[0].decode('ascii')
+            media_type = headers.getRawHeaders(b"Content-Type")[0].decode("ascii")
         else:
-            raise SynapseError(
-                msg="Upload request missing 'Content-Type'",
-                code=400,
-            )
+            raise SynapseError(msg="Upload request missing 'Content-Type'", code=400)
 
         # if headers.hasHeader(b"Content-Disposition"):
         #     disposition = headers.getRawHeaders(b"Content-Disposition")[0]
         # TODO(markjh): parse content-dispostion
 
         content_uri = yield self.media_repo.create_content(
-            media_type, upload_name, request.content,
-            content_length, requester.user
+            media_type, upload_name, request.content, content_length, requester.user
         )
 
         logger.info("Uploaded content with URI %r", content_uri)
 
-        respond_with_json(
-            request, 200, {"content_uri": content_uri}, send_cors=True
-        )
+        respond_with_json(request, 200, {"content_uri": content_uri}, send_cors=True)
diff --git a/synapse/rest/saml2/metadata_resource.py b/synapse/rest/saml2/metadata_resource.py
index e8c680aeb4..1e8526e22e 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/saml2/metadata_resource.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/saml2/metadata_resource.py
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ class SAML2MetadataResource(Resource):
 
     def render_GET(self, request):
         metadata_xml = saml2.metadata.create_metadata_string(
-            configfile=None, config=self.sp_config,
+            configfile=None, config=self.sp_config
         )
         request.setHeader(b"Content-Type", b"text/xml; charset=utf-8")
         return metadata_xml
diff --git a/synapse/rest/saml2/response_resource.py b/synapse/rest/saml2/response_resource.py
index 69fb77b322..ab14b70675 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/saml2/response_resource.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/saml2/response_resource.py
@@ -46,18 +46,16 @@ class SAML2ResponseResource(Resource):
 
     @wrap_html_request_handler
     def _async_render_POST(self, request):
-        resp_bytes = parse_string(request, 'SAMLResponse', required=True)
-        relay_state = parse_string(request, 'RelayState', required=True)
+        resp_bytes = parse_string(request, "SAMLResponse", required=True)
+        relay_state = parse_string(request, "RelayState", required=True)
 
         try:
             saml2_auth = self._saml_client.parse_authn_request_response(
-                resp_bytes, saml2.BINDING_HTTP_POST,
+                resp_bytes, saml2.BINDING_HTTP_POST
             )
         except Exception as e:
             logger.warning("Exception parsing SAML2 response", exc_info=1)
-            raise CodeMessageException(
-                400, "Unable to parse SAML2 response: %s" % (e,),
-            )
+            raise CodeMessageException(400, "Unable to parse SAML2 response: %s" % (e,))
 
         if saml2_auth.not_signed:
             raise CodeMessageException(400, "SAML2 response was not signed")
@@ -69,6 +67,5 @@ class SAML2ResponseResource(Resource):
 
         displayName = saml2_auth.ava.get("displayName", [None])[0]
         return self._sso_auth_handler.on_successful_auth(
-            username, request, relay_state,
-            user_display_name=displayName,
+            username, request, relay_state, user_display_name=displayName
         )
diff --git a/synapse/rest/well_known.py b/synapse/rest/well_known.py
index a7fa4f39af..5e8fda4b65 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/well_known.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/well_known.py
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ class WellKnownBuilder(object):
     Args:
         hs (synapse.server.HomeServer):
     """
+
     def __init__(self, hs):
         self._config = hs.config
 
@@ -37,15 +38,11 @@ class WellKnownBuilder(object):
         if self._config.public_baseurl is None:
             return None
 
-        result = {
-            "m.homeserver": {
-                "base_url": self._config.public_baseurl,
-            },
-        }
+        result = {"m.homeserver": {"base_url": self._config.public_baseurl}}
 
         if self._config.default_identity_server:
             result["m.identity_server"] = {
-                "base_url": self._config.default_identity_server,
+                "base_url": self._config.default_identity_server
             }
 
         return result
@@ -66,7 +63,7 @@ class WellKnownResource(Resource):
         if not r:
             request.setResponseCode(404)
             request.setHeader(b"Content-Type", b"text/plain")
-            return b'.well-known not available'
+            return b".well-known not available"
 
         logger.debug("returning: %s", r)
         request.setHeader(b"Content-Type", b"application/json")
diff --git a/synapse/rulecheck/domain_rule_checker.py b/synapse/rulecheck/domain_rule_checker.py
index 212cc212cc..6f2a1931c5 100644
--- a/synapse/rulecheck/domain_rule_checker.py
+++ b/synapse/rulecheck/domain_rule_checker.py
@@ -61,19 +61,19 @@ class DomainRuleChecker(object):
         self.default = config["default"]
 
         self.can_only_join_rooms_with_invite = config.get(
-            "can_only_join_rooms_with_invite", False,
+            "can_only_join_rooms_with_invite", False
         )
         self.can_only_create_one_to_one_rooms = config.get(
-            "can_only_create_one_to_one_rooms", False,
+            "can_only_create_one_to_one_rooms", False
         )
         self.can_only_invite_during_room_creation = config.get(
-            "can_only_invite_during_room_creation", False,
+            "can_only_invite_during_room_creation", False
         )
         self.can_invite_by_third_party_id = config.get(
-            "can_invite_by_third_party_id", True,
+            "can_invite_by_third_party_id", True
         )
         self.domains_prevented_from_being_invited_to_published_rooms = config.get(
-            "domains_prevented_from_being_invited_to_published_rooms", [],
+            "domains_prevented_from_being_invited_to_published_rooms", []
         )
 
     def check_event_for_spam(self, event):
@@ -81,8 +81,15 @@ class DomainRuleChecker(object):
         """
         return False
 
-    def user_may_invite(self, inviter_userid, invitee_userid, third_party_invite,
-                        room_id, new_room, published_room=False):
+    def user_may_invite(
+        self,
+        inviter_userid,
+        invitee_userid,
+        third_party_invite,
+        room_id,
+        new_room,
+        published_room=False,
+    ):
         """Implements synapse.events.SpamChecker.user_may_invite
         """
         if self.can_only_invite_during_room_creation and not new_room:
@@ -103,15 +110,17 @@ class DomainRuleChecker(object):
             return self.default
 
         if (
-            published_room and
-            invitee_domain in self.domains_prevented_from_being_invited_to_published_rooms
+            published_room
+            and invitee_domain
+            in self.domains_prevented_from_being_invited_to_published_rooms
         ):
             return False
 
         return invitee_domain in self.domain_mapping[inviter_domain]
 
-    def user_may_create_room(self, userid, invite_list, third_party_invite_list,
-                             cloning):
+    def user_may_create_room(
+        self, userid, invite_list, third_party_invite_list, cloning
+    ):
         """Implements synapse.events.SpamChecker.user_may_create_room
         """
 
@@ -169,4 +178,4 @@ class DomainRuleChecker(object):
         idx = mxid.find(":")
         if idx == -1:
             raise Exception("Invalid ID: %r" % (mxid,))
-        return mxid[idx + 1:]
+        return mxid[idx + 1 :]
diff --git a/synapse/secrets.py b/synapse/secrets.py
index f6280f951c..0b327a0f82 100644
--- a/synapse/secrets.py
+++ b/synapse/secrets.py
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ if sys.version_info[0:2] >= (3, 6):
     def Secrets():
         return secrets
 
+
 else:
     import os
     import binascii
@@ -38,4 +39,4 @@ else:
             return os.urandom(nbytes)
 
         def token_hex(self, nbytes=32):
-            return binascii.hexlify(self.token_bytes(nbytes)).decode('ascii')
+            return binascii.hexlify(self.token_bytes(nbytes)).decode("ascii")
diff --git a/synapse/server.py b/synapse/server.py
index 3f3c79498a..dfc619504a 100644
--- a/synapse/server.py
+++ b/synapse/server.py
@@ -93,7 +93,9 @@ from synapse.rest.media.v1.media_repository import (
 from synapse.secrets import Secrets
 from synapse.server_notices.server_notices_manager import ServerNoticesManager
 from synapse.server_notices.server_notices_sender import ServerNoticesSender
-from synapse.server_notices.worker_server_notices_sender import WorkerServerNoticesSender
+from synapse.server_notices.worker_server_notices_sender import (
+    WorkerServerNoticesSender
+)
 from synapse.state import StateHandler, StateResolutionHandler
 from synapse.streams.events import EventSources
 from synapse.util import Clock
@@ -129,81 +131,78 @@ class HomeServer(object):
     __metaclass__ = abc.ABCMeta
 
     DEPENDENCIES = [
-        'http_client',
-        'db_pool',
-        'federation_client',
-        'federation_server',
-        'handlers',
-        'auth',
-        'room_creation_handler',
-        'state_handler',
-        'state_resolution_handler',
-        'presence_handler',
-        'sync_handler',
-        'typing_handler',
-        'room_list_handler',
-        'acme_handler',
-        'auth_handler',
-        'device_handler',
-        'stats_handler',
-        'e2e_keys_handler',
-        'e2e_room_keys_handler',
-        'event_handler',
-        'event_stream_handler',
-        'initial_sync_handler',
-        'application_service_api',
-        'application_service_scheduler',
-        'application_service_handler',
-        'device_message_handler',
-        'profile_handler',
-        'event_creation_handler',
-        'deactivate_account_handler',
-        'set_password_handler',
-        'notifier',
-        'event_sources',
-        'keyring',
-        'pusherpool',
-        'event_builder_factory',
-        'filtering',
-        'http_client_context_factory',
+        "http_client",
+        "db_pool",
+        "federation_client",
+        "federation_server",
+        "handlers",
+        "auth",
+        "room_creation_handler",
+        "state_handler",
+        "state_resolution_handler",
+        "presence_handler",
+        "sync_handler",
+        "typing_handler",
+        "room_list_handler",
+        "acme_handler",
+        "auth_handler",
+        "device_handler",
+        "stats_handler",
+        "e2e_keys_handler",
+        "e2e_room_keys_handler",
+        "event_handler",
+        "event_stream_handler",
+        "initial_sync_handler",
+        "application_service_api",
+        "application_service_scheduler",
+        "application_service_handler",
+        "device_message_handler",
+        "profile_handler",
+        "event_creation_handler",
+        "deactivate_account_handler",
+        "set_password_handler",
+        "notifier",
+        "event_sources",
+        "keyring",
+        "pusherpool",
+        "event_builder_factory",
+        "filtering",
+        "http_client_context_factory",
         "proxied_http_client",
-        'simple_http_client',
-        'media_repository',
-        'media_repository_resource',
-        'federation_transport_client',
-        'federation_sender',
-        'receipts_handler',
-        'macaroon_generator',
-        'tcp_replication',
-        'read_marker_handler',
-        'action_generator',
-        'user_directory_handler',
-        'groups_local_handler',
-        'groups_server_handler',
-        'groups_attestation_signing',
-        'groups_attestation_renewer',
-        'secrets',
-        'spam_checker',
-        'third_party_event_rules',
-        'room_member_handler',
-        'federation_registry',
-        'server_notices_manager',
-        'server_notices_sender',
-        'message_handler',
-        'pagination_handler',
-        'room_context_handler',
-        'sendmail',
-        'registration_handler',
-        'account_validity_handler',
-        'event_client_serializer',
-        'password_policy_handler',
-    ]
-
-    REQUIRED_ON_MASTER_STARTUP = [
+        "simple_http_client",
+        "media_repository",
+        "media_repository_resource",
+        "federation_transport_client",
+        "federation_sender",
+        "receipts_handler",
+        "macaroon_generator",
+        "tcp_replication",
+        "read_marker_handler",
+        "action_generator",
         "user_directory_handler",
-        "stats_handler"
+        "groups_local_handler",
+        "groups_server_handler",
+        "groups_attestation_signing",
+        "groups_attestation_renewer",
+        "secrets",
+        "spam_checker",
+        "third_party_event_rules",
+        "room_member_handler",
+        "federation_registry",
+        "server_notices_manager",
+        "server_notices_sender",
+        "message_handler",
+        "pagination_handler",
+        "room_context_handler",
+        "sendmail",
+        "registration_handler",
+        "account_validity_handler",
+        "event_client_serializer",
+        "password_policy_handler",
     ]
 
+    REQUIRED_ON_MASTER_STARTUP = ["user_directory_handler", "stats_handler"]
+
     # This is overridden in derived application classes
     # (such as synapse.app.homeserver.SynapseHomeServer) and gives the class to be
     # instantiated during setup() for future return by get_datastore()
@@ -421,9 +420,7 @@ class HomeServer(object):
         name = self.db_config["name"]
 
         return adbapi.ConnectionPool(
-            name,
-            cp_reactor=self.get_reactor(),
-            **self.db_config.get("args", {})
+            name, cp_reactor=self.get_reactor(), **self.db_config.get("args", {})
         )
 
     def get_db_conn(self, run_new_connection=True):
@@ -435,7 +432,8 @@ class HomeServer(object):
         # Any param beginning with cp_ is a parameter for adbapi, and should
         # not be passed to the database engine.
         db_params = {
-            k: v for k, v in self.db_config.get("args", {}).items()
+            k: v
+            for k, v in self.db_config.get("args", {}).items()
             if not k.startswith("cp_")
         }
         db_conn = self.database_engine.module.connect(**db_params)
@@ -569,9 +567,7 @@ def _make_dependency_method(depname):
         if builder:
             # Prevent cyclic dependencies from deadlocking
             if depname in hs._building:
-                raise ValueError("Cyclic dependency while building %s" % (
-                    depname,
-                ))
+                raise ValueError("Cyclic dependency while building %s" % (depname,))
             hs._building[depname] = 1
 
             dep = builder()
@@ -582,9 +578,7 @@ def _make_dependency_method(depname):
             return dep
 
         raise NotImplementedError(
-            "%s has no %s nor a builder for it" % (
-                type(hs).__name__, depname,
-            )
+            "%s has no %s nor a builder for it" % (type(hs).__name__, depname)
         )
 
     setattr(HomeServer, "get_%s" % (depname), _get)
diff --git a/synapse/server.pyi b/synapse/server.pyi
index 69263458db..56f9cd06e5 100644
--- a/synapse/server.pyi
+++ b/synapse/server.pyi
@@ -23,28 +23,20 @@ class HomeServer(object):
     @property
     def config(self) -> synapse.config.homeserver.HomeServerConfig:
         pass
-
     def get_auth(self) -> synapse.api.auth.Auth:
         pass
-
     def get_auth_handler(self) -> synapse.handlers.auth.AuthHandler:
         pass
-
     def get_datastore(self) -> synapse.storage.DataStore:
         pass
-
     def get_device_handler(self) -> synapse.handlers.device.DeviceHandler:
         pass
-
     def get_e2e_keys_handler(self) -> synapse.handlers.e2e_keys.E2eKeysHandler:
         pass
-
     def get_handlers(self) -> synapse.handlers.Handlers:
         pass
-
     def get_state_handler(self) -> synapse.state.StateHandler:
         pass
-
     def get_state_resolution_handler(self) -> synapse.state.StateResolutionHandler:
         pass
     def get_simple_http_client(self) -> synapse.http.client.SimpleHttpClient:
@@ -55,35 +47,41 @@ class HomeServer(object):
         """Fetch an HTTP client implementation which doesn't do any blacklisting
         but does support HTTP_PROXY settings"""
         pass
-    def get_deactivate_account_handler(self) -> synapse.handlers.deactivate_account.DeactivateAccountHandler:
+    def get_deactivate_account_handler(
+        self
+    ) -> synapse.handlers.deactivate_account.DeactivateAccountHandler:
         pass
-
     def get_room_creation_handler(self) -> synapse.handlers.room.RoomCreationHandler:
         pass
-
     def get_room_member_handler(self) -> synapse.handlers.room_member.RoomMemberHandler:
         pass
-
-    def get_event_creation_handler(self) -> synapse.handlers.message.EventCreationHandler:
+    def get_event_creation_handler(
+        self
+    ) -> synapse.handlers.message.EventCreationHandler:
         pass
-
-    def get_set_password_handler(self) -> synapse.handlers.set_password.SetPasswordHandler:
+    def get_set_password_handler(
+        self
+    ) -> synapse.handlers.set_password.SetPasswordHandler:
         pass
-
     def get_federation_sender(self) -> synapse.federation.sender.FederationSender:
         pass
-
-    def get_federation_transport_client(self) -> synapse.federation.transport.client.TransportLayerClient:
+    def get_federation_transport_client(
+        self
+    ) -> synapse.federation.transport.client.TransportLayerClient:
         pass
-
-    def get_media_repository_resource(self) -> synapse.rest.media.v1.media_repository.MediaRepositoryResource:
+    def get_media_repository_resource(
+        self
+    ) -> synapse.rest.media.v1.media_repository.MediaRepositoryResource:
         pass
-
-    def get_media_repository(self) -> synapse.rest.media.v1.media_repository.MediaRepository:
+    def get_media_repository(
+        self
+    ) -> synapse.rest.media.v1.media_repository.MediaRepository:
         pass
-
-    def get_server_notices_manager(self) -> synapse.server_notices.server_notices_manager.ServerNoticesManager:
+    def get_server_notices_manager(
+        self
+    ) -> synapse.server_notices.server_notices_manager.ServerNoticesManager:
         pass
-
-    def get_server_notices_sender(self) -> synapse.server_notices.server_notices_sender.ServerNoticesSender:
+    def get_server_notices_sender(
+        self
+    ) -> synapse.server_notices.server_notices_sender.ServerNoticesSender:
         pass
diff --git a/synapse/server_notices/consent_server_notices.py b/synapse/server_notices/consent_server_notices.py
index 5e3044d164..415e9c17d8 100644
--- a/synapse/server_notices/consent_server_notices.py
+++ b/synapse/server_notices/consent_server_notices.py
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ class ConsentServerNotices(object):
     """Keeps track of whether we need to send users server_notices about
     privacy policy consent, and sends one if we do.
     """
+
     def __init__(self, hs):
         """
 
@@ -49,12 +50,11 @@ class ConsentServerNotices(object):
             if not self._server_notices_manager.is_enabled():
                 raise ConfigError(
                     "user_consent configuration requires server notices, but "
-                    "server notices are not enabled.",
+                    "server notices are not enabled."
                 )
-            if 'body' not in self._server_notice_content:
+            if "body" not in self._server_notice_content:
                 raise ConfigError(
-                    "user_consent server_notice_consent must contain a 'body' "
-                    "key.",
+                    "user_consent server_notice_consent must contain a 'body' " "key."
                 )
 
             self._consent_uri_builder = ConsentURIBuilder(hs.config)
@@ -95,18 +95,14 @@ class ConsentServerNotices(object):
             # need to send a message.
             try:
                 consent_uri = self._consent_uri_builder.build_user_consent_uri(
-                    get_localpart_from_id(user_id),
+                    get_localpart_from_id(user_id)
                 )
                 content = copy_with_str_subst(
-                    self._server_notice_content, {
-                        'consent_uri': consent_uri,
-                    },
-                )
-                yield self._server_notices_manager.send_notice(
-                    user_id, content,
+                    self._server_notice_content, {"consent_uri": consent_uri}
                 )
+                yield self._server_notices_manager.send_notice(user_id, content)
                 yield self._store.user_set_consent_server_notice_sent(
-                    user_id, self._current_consent_version,
+                    user_id, self._current_consent_version
                 )
             except SynapseError as e:
                 logger.error("Error sending server notice about user consent: %s", e)
@@ -128,9 +124,7 @@ def copy_with_str_subst(x, substitutions):
     if isinstance(x, string_types):
         return x % substitutions
     if isinstance(x, dict):
-        return {
-            k: copy_with_str_subst(v, substitutions) for (k, v) in iteritems(x)
-        }
+        return {k: copy_with_str_subst(v, substitutions) for (k, v) in iteritems(x)}
     if isinstance(x, (list, tuple)):
         return [copy_with_str_subst(y) for y in x]
 
diff --git a/synapse/server_notices/resource_limits_server_notices.py b/synapse/server_notices/resource_limits_server_notices.py
index af15cba0ee..f183743f31 100644
--- a/synapse/server_notices/resource_limits_server_notices.py
+++ b/synapse/server_notices/resource_limits_server_notices.py
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ class ResourceLimitsServerNotices(object):
     """ Keeps track of whether the server has reached it's resource limit and
     ensures that the client is kept up to date.
     """
+
     def __init__(self, hs):
         """
         Args:
@@ -104,34 +105,28 @@ class ResourceLimitsServerNotices(object):
             if currently_blocked and not is_auth_blocking:
                 # Room is notifying of a block, when it ought not to be.
                 # Remove block notification
-                content = {
-                    "pinned": ref_events
-                }
+                content = {"pinned": ref_events}
                 yield self._server_notices_manager.send_notice(
-                    user_id, content, EventTypes.Pinned, '',
+                    user_id, content, EventTypes.Pinned, ""
                 )
 
             elif not currently_blocked and is_auth_blocking:
                 # Room is not notifying of a block, when it ought to be.
                 # Add block notification
                 content = {
-                    'body': event_content,
-                    'msgtype': ServerNoticeMsgType,
-                    'server_notice_type': ServerNoticeLimitReached,
-                    'admin_contact': self._config.admin_contact,
-                    'limit_type': event_limit_type
+                    "body": event_content,
+                    "msgtype": ServerNoticeMsgType,
+                    "server_notice_type": ServerNoticeLimitReached,
+                    "admin_contact": self._config.admin_contact,
+                    "limit_type": event_limit_type,
                 }
                 event = yield self._server_notices_manager.send_notice(
-                    user_id, content, EventTypes.Message,
+                    user_id, content, EventTypes.Message
                 )
 
-                content = {
-                    "pinned": [
-                        event.event_id,
-                    ]
-                }
+                content = {"pinned": [event.event_id]}
                 yield self._server_notices_manager.send_notice(
-                    user_id, content, EventTypes.Pinned, '',
+                    user_id, content, EventTypes.Pinned, ""
                 )
 
         except SynapseError as e:
@@ -156,9 +151,7 @@ class ResourceLimitsServerNotices(object):
             max_id = yield self._store.add_tag_to_room(
                 user_id, room_id, SERVER_NOTICE_ROOM_TAG, {}
             )
-            self._notifier.on_new_event(
-                "account_data_key", max_id, users=[user_id]
-            )
+            self._notifier.on_new_event("account_data_key", max_id, users=[user_id])
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _is_room_currently_blocked(self, room_id):
@@ -188,7 +181,7 @@ class ResourceLimitsServerNotices(object):
 
         referenced_events = []
         if pinned_state_event is not None:
-            referenced_events = list(pinned_state_event.content.get('pinned', []))
+            referenced_events = list(pinned_state_event.content.get("pinned", []))
 
         events = yield self._store.get_events(referenced_events)
         for event_id, event in iteritems(events):
diff --git a/synapse/server_notices/server_notices_manager.py b/synapse/server_notices/server_notices_manager.py
index c5cc6d728e..71e7e75320 100644
--- a/synapse/server_notices/server_notices_manager.py
+++ b/synapse/server_notices/server_notices_manager.py
@@ -51,8 +51,7 @@ class ServerNoticesManager(object):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def send_notice(
-        self, user_id, event_content,
-        type=EventTypes.Message, state_key=None
+        self, user_id, event_content, type=EventTypes.Message, state_key=None
     ):
         """Send a notice to the given user
 
@@ -82,10 +81,10 @@ class ServerNoticesManager(object):
         }
 
         if state_key is not None:
-            event_dict['state_key'] = state_key
+            event_dict["state_key"] = state_key
 
         res = yield self._event_creation_handler.create_and_send_nonmember_event(
-            requester, event_dict, ratelimit=False,
+            requester, event_dict, ratelimit=False
         )
         defer.returnValue(res)
 
@@ -104,11 +103,10 @@ class ServerNoticesManager(object):
         if not self.is_enabled():
             raise Exception("Server notices not enabled")
 
-        assert self._is_mine_id(user_id), \
-            "Cannot send server notices to remote users"
+        assert self._is_mine_id(user_id), "Cannot send server notices to remote users"
 
         rooms = yield self._store.get_rooms_for_user_where_membership_is(
-            user_id, [Membership.INVITE, Membership.JOIN],
+            user_id, [Membership.INVITE, Membership.JOIN]
         )
         system_mxid = self._config.server_notices_mxid
         for room in rooms:
@@ -132,8 +130,8 @@ class ServerNoticesManager(object):
         # avatar, we have to use both.
         join_profile = None
         if (
-            self._config.server_notices_mxid_display_name is not None or
-            self._config.server_notices_mxid_avatar_url is not None
+            self._config.server_notices_mxid_display_name is not None
+            or self._config.server_notices_mxid_avatar_url is not None
         ):
             join_profile = {
                 "displayname": self._config.server_notices_mxid_display_name,
@@ -146,22 +144,18 @@ class ServerNoticesManager(object):
             config={
                 "preset": RoomCreationPreset.PRIVATE_CHAT,
                 "name": self._config.server_notices_room_name,
-                "power_level_content_override": {
-                    "users_default": -10,
-                },
-                "invite": (user_id,)
+                "power_level_content_override": {"users_default": -10},
+                "invite": (user_id,),
             },
             ratelimit=False,
             creator_join_profile=join_profile,
         )
-        room_id = info['room_id']
+        room_id = info["room_id"]
 
         max_id = yield self._store.add_tag_to_room(
-            user_id, room_id, SERVER_NOTICE_ROOM_TAG, {},
-        )
-        self._notifier.on_new_event(
-            "account_data_key", max_id, users=[user_id]
+            user_id, room_id, SERVER_NOTICE_ROOM_TAG, {}
         )
+        self._notifier.on_new_event("account_data_key", max_id, users=[user_id])
 
         logger.info("Created server notices room %s for %s", room_id, user_id)
         defer.returnValue(room_id)
diff --git a/synapse/server_notices/server_notices_sender.py b/synapse/server_notices/server_notices_sender.py
index 6121b2f267..ceff6c8e02 100644
--- a/synapse/server_notices/server_notices_sender.py
+++ b/synapse/server_notices/server_notices_sender.py
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ from twisted.internet import defer
 
 from synapse.server_notices.consent_server_notices import ConsentServerNotices
 from synapse.server_notices.resource_limits_server_notices import (
-    ResourceLimitsServerNotices,
+    ResourceLimitsServerNotices
 )
 
 
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ class ServerNoticesSender(object):
     """A centralised place which sends server notices automatically when
     Certain Events take place
     """
+
     def __init__(self, hs):
         """
 
@@ -32,7 +33,7 @@ class ServerNoticesSender(object):
         """
         self._server_notices = (
             ConsentServerNotices(hs),
-            ResourceLimitsServerNotices(hs)
+            ResourceLimitsServerNotices(hs),
         )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -43,9 +44,7 @@ class ServerNoticesSender(object):
             user_id (str): mxid of user who synced
         """
         for sn in self._server_notices:
-            yield sn.maybe_send_server_notice_to_user(
-                user_id,
-            )
+            yield sn.maybe_send_server_notice_to_user(user_id)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def on_user_ip(self, user_id):
@@ -58,6 +57,4 @@ class ServerNoticesSender(object):
         # we check for notices to send to the user in on_user_ip as well as
         # in on_user_syncing
         for sn in self._server_notices:
-            yield sn.maybe_send_server_notice_to_user(
-                user_id,
-            )
+            yield sn.maybe_send_server_notice_to_user(user_id)
diff --git a/synapse/server_notices/worker_server_notices_sender.py b/synapse/server_notices/worker_server_notices_sender.py
index 4a133026c3..245ec7c64f 100644
--- a/synapse/server_notices/worker_server_notices_sender.py
+++ b/synapse/server_notices/worker_server_notices_sender.py
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ from twisted.internet import defer
 
 class WorkerServerNoticesSender(object):
     """Stub impl of ServerNoticesSender which does nothing"""
+
     def __init__(self, hs):
         """
         Args:
diff --git a/synapse/state/__init__.py b/synapse/state/__init__.py
index b914a5ba03..a72f3b1704 100644
--- a/synapse/state/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/state/__init__.py
@@ -40,7 +40,8 @@ logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 # Metrics for number of state groups involved in a resolution.
 state_groups_histogram = Histogram(
-    "synapse_state_number_state_groups", "",
+    "synapse_state_number_state_groups",
+    "",
     buckets=(1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, 20, 50, 100, 200, 500, "+Inf"),
 )
 
@@ -106,8 +107,9 @@ class StateHandler(object):
         self._state_resolution_handler = hs.get_state_resolution_handler()
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_current_state(self, room_id, event_type=None, state_key="",
-                          latest_event_ids=None):
+    def get_current_state(
+        self, room_id, event_type=None, state_key="", latest_event_ids=None
+    ):
         """ Retrieves the current state for the room. This is done by
         calling `get_latest_events_in_room` to get the leading edges of the
         event graph and then resolving any of the state conflicts.
@@ -136,8 +138,9 @@ class StateHandler(object):
             defer.returnValue(event)
             return
 
-        state_map = yield self.store.get_events(list(state.values()),
-                                                get_prev_content=False)
+        state_map = yield self.store.get_events(
+            list(state.values()), get_prev_content=False
+        )
         state = {
             key: state_map[e_id] for key, e_id in iteritems(state) if e_id in state_map
         }
@@ -219,9 +222,7 @@ class StateHandler(object):
             # state. Certainly store.get_current_state won't return any, and
             # persisting the event won't store the state group.
             if old_state:
-                prev_state_ids = {
-                    (s.type, s.state_key): s.event_id for s in old_state
-                }
+                prev_state_ids = {(s.type, s.state_key): s.event_id for s in old_state}
                 if event.is_state():
                     current_state_ids = dict(prev_state_ids)
                     key = (event.type, event.state_key)
@@ -247,9 +248,7 @@ class StateHandler(object):
             # Let's just correctly fill out the context and create a
             # new state group for it.
 
-            prev_state_ids = {
-                (s.type, s.state_key): s.event_id for s in old_state
-            }
+            prev_state_ids = {(s.type, s.state_key): s.event_id for s in old_state}
 
             if event.is_state():
                 key = (event.type, event.state_key)
@@ -281,7 +280,7 @@ class StateHandler(object):
         logger.debug("calling resolve_state_groups from compute_event_context")
 
         entry = yield self.resolve_state_groups_for_events(
-            event.room_id, event.prev_event_ids(),
+            event.room_id, event.prev_event_ids()
         )
 
         prev_state_ids = entry.state
@@ -304,9 +303,7 @@ class StateHandler(object):
                 # If the state at the event has a state group assigned then
                 # we can use that as the prev group
                 prev_group = entry.state_group
-                delta_ids = {
-                    key: event.event_id
-                }
+                delta_ids = {key: event.event_id}
             elif entry.prev_group:
                 # If the state at the event only has a prev group, then we can
                 # use that as a prev group too.
@@ -368,31 +365,31 @@ class StateHandler(object):
         # map from state group id to the state in that state group (where
         # 'state' is a map from state key to event id)
         # dict[int, dict[(str, str), str]]
-        state_groups_ids = yield self.store.get_state_groups_ids(
-            room_id, event_ids
-        )
+        state_groups_ids = yield self.store.get_state_groups_ids(room_id, event_ids)
 
         if len(state_groups_ids) == 0:
-            defer.returnValue(_StateCacheEntry(
-                state={},
-                state_group=None,
-            ))
+            defer.returnValue(_StateCacheEntry(state={}, state_group=None))
         elif len(state_groups_ids) == 1:
             name, state_list = list(state_groups_ids.items()).pop()
 
             prev_group, delta_ids = yield self.store.get_state_group_delta(name)
 
-            defer.returnValue(_StateCacheEntry(
-                state=state_list,
-                state_group=name,
-                prev_group=prev_group,
-                delta_ids=delta_ids,
-            ))
+            defer.returnValue(
+                _StateCacheEntry(
+                    state=state_list,
+                    state_group=name,
+                    prev_group=prev_group,
+                    delta_ids=delta_ids,
+                )
+            )
 
         room_version = yield self.store.get_room_version(room_id)
 
         result = yield self._state_resolution_handler.resolve_state_groups(
-            room_id, room_version, state_groups_ids, None,
+            room_id,
+            room_version,
+            state_groups_ids,
+            None,
             state_res_store=StateResolutionStore(self.store),
         )
         defer.returnValue(result)
@@ -402,27 +399,21 @@ class StateHandler(object):
         logger.info(
             "Resolving state for %s with %d groups", event.room_id, len(state_sets)
         )
-        state_set_ids = [{
-            (ev.type, ev.state_key): ev.event_id
-            for ev in st
-        } for st in state_sets]
-
-        state_map = {
-            ev.event_id: ev
-            for st in state_sets
-            for ev in st
-        }
+        state_set_ids = [
+            {(ev.type, ev.state_key): ev.event_id for ev in st} for st in state_sets
+        ]
+
+        state_map = {ev.event_id: ev for st in state_sets for ev in st}
 
         with Measure(self.clock, "state._resolve_events"):
             new_state = yield resolve_events_with_store(
-                room_version, state_set_ids,
+                room_version,
+                state_set_ids,
                 event_map=state_map,
                 state_res_store=StateResolutionStore(self.store),
             )
 
-        new_state = {
-            key: state_map[ev_id] for key, ev_id in iteritems(new_state)
-        }
+        new_state = {key: state_map[ev_id] for key, ev_id in iteritems(new_state)}
 
         defer.returnValue(new_state)
 
@@ -433,6 +424,7 @@ class StateResolutionHandler(object):
     Note that the storage layer depends on this handler, so all functions must
     be storage-independent.
     """
+
     def __init__(self, hs):
         self.clock = hs.get_clock()
 
@@ -452,7 +444,7 @@ class StateResolutionHandler(object):
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     @log_function
     def resolve_state_groups(
-        self, room_id, room_version, state_groups_ids, event_map, state_res_store,
+        self, room_id, room_version, state_groups_ids, event_map, state_res_store
     ):
         """Resolves conflicts between a set of state groups
 
@@ -479,10 +471,7 @@ class StateResolutionHandler(object):
         Returns:
             Deferred[_StateCacheEntry]: resolved state
         """
-        logger.debug(
-            "resolve_state_groups state_groups %s",
-            state_groups_ids.keys()
-        )
+        logger.debug("resolve_state_groups state_groups %s", state_groups_ids.keys())
 
         group_names = frozenset(state_groups_ids.keys())
 
@@ -539,10 +528,7 @@ class StateResolutionHandler(object):
             defer.returnValue(cache)
 
 
-def _make_state_cache_entry(
-    new_state,
-    state_groups_ids,
-):
+def _make_state_cache_entry(new_state, state_groups_ids):
     """Given a resolved state, and a set of input state groups, pick one to base
     a new state group on (if any), and return an appropriately-constructed
     _StateCacheEntry.
@@ -572,10 +558,7 @@ def _make_state_cache_entry(
         old_state_event_ids = set(itervalues(state))
         if new_state_event_ids == old_state_event_ids:
             # got an exact match.
-            return _StateCacheEntry(
-                state=new_state,
-                state_group=sg,
-            )
+            return _StateCacheEntry(state=new_state, state_group=sg)
 
     # TODO: We want to create a state group for this set of events, to
     # increase cache hits, but we need to make sure that it doesn't
@@ -586,20 +569,13 @@ def _make_state_cache_entry(
     delta_ids = None
 
     for old_group, old_state in iteritems(state_groups_ids):
-        n_delta_ids = {
-            k: v
-            for k, v in iteritems(new_state)
-            if old_state.get(k) != v
-        }
+        n_delta_ids = {k: v for k, v in iteritems(new_state) if old_state.get(k) != v}
         if not delta_ids or len(n_delta_ids) < len(delta_ids):
             prev_group = old_group
             delta_ids = n_delta_ids
 
     return _StateCacheEntry(
-        state=new_state,
-        state_group=None,
-        prev_group=prev_group,
-        delta_ids=delta_ids,
+        state=new_state, state_group=None, prev_group=prev_group, delta_ids=delta_ids
     )
 
 
@@ -628,11 +604,11 @@ def resolve_events_with_store(room_version, state_sets, event_map, state_res_sto
     v = KNOWN_ROOM_VERSIONS[room_version]
     if v.state_res == StateResolutionVersions.V1:
         return v1.resolve_events_with_store(
-            state_sets, event_map, state_res_store.get_events,
+            state_sets, event_map, state_res_store.get_events
         )
     else:
         return v2.resolve_events_with_store(
-            room_version, state_sets, event_map, state_res_store,
+            room_version, state_sets, event_map, state_res_store
         )
 
 
diff --git a/synapse/state/v1.py b/synapse/state/v1.py
index 29b4e86cfd..88acd4817e 100644
--- a/synapse/state/v1.py
+++ b/synapse/state/v1.py
@@ -57,23 +57,17 @@ def resolve_events_with_store(state_sets, event_map, state_map_factory):
     if len(state_sets) == 1:
         defer.returnValue(state_sets[0])
 
-    unconflicted_state, conflicted_state = _seperate(
-        state_sets,
-    )
+    unconflicted_state, conflicted_state = _seperate(state_sets)
 
     needed_events = set(
-        event_id
-        for event_ids in itervalues(conflicted_state)
-        for event_id in event_ids
+        event_id for event_ids in itervalues(conflicted_state) for event_id in event_ids
     )
     needed_event_count = len(needed_events)
     if event_map is not None:
         needed_events -= set(iterkeys(event_map))
 
     logger.info(
-        "Asking for %d/%d conflicted events",
-        len(needed_events),
-        needed_event_count,
+        "Asking for %d/%d conflicted events", len(needed_events), needed_event_count
     )
 
     # dict[str, FrozenEvent]: a map from state event id to event. Only includes
@@ -97,17 +91,17 @@ def resolve_events_with_store(state_sets, event_map, state_map_factory):
         new_needed_events -= set(iterkeys(event_map))
 
     logger.info(
-        "Asking for %d/%d auth events",
-        len(new_needed_events),
-        new_needed_event_count,
+        "Asking for %d/%d auth events", len(new_needed_events), new_needed_event_count
     )
 
     state_map_new = yield state_map_factory(new_needed_events)
     state_map.update(state_map_new)
 
-    defer.returnValue(_resolve_with_state(
-        unconflicted_state, conflicted_state, auth_events, state_map
-    ))
+    defer.returnValue(
+        _resolve_with_state(
+            unconflicted_state, conflicted_state, auth_events, state_map
+        )
+    )
 
 
 def _seperate(state_sets):
@@ -173,8 +167,9 @@ def _create_auth_events_from_maps(unconflicted_state, conflicted_state, state_ma
     return auth_events
 
 
-def _resolve_with_state(unconflicted_state_ids, conflicted_state_ids, auth_event_ids,
-                        state_map):
+def _resolve_with_state(
+    unconflicted_state_ids, conflicted_state_ids, auth_event_ids, state_map
+):
     conflicted_state = {}
     for key, event_ids in iteritems(conflicted_state_ids):
         events = [state_map[ev_id] for ev_id in event_ids if ev_id in state_map]
@@ -190,9 +185,7 @@ def _resolve_with_state(unconflicted_state_ids, conflicted_state_ids, auth_event
     }
 
     try:
-        resolved_state = _resolve_state_events(
-            conflicted_state, auth_events
-        )
+        resolved_state = _resolve_state_events(conflicted_state, auth_events)
     except Exception:
         logger.exception("Failed to resolve state")
         raise
@@ -218,37 +211,28 @@ def _resolve_state_events(conflicted_state, auth_events):
     if POWER_KEY in conflicted_state:
         events = conflicted_state[POWER_KEY]
         logger.debug("Resolving conflicted power levels %r", events)
-        resolved_state[POWER_KEY] = _resolve_auth_events(
-            events, auth_events)
+        resolved_state[POWER_KEY] = _resolve_auth_events(events, auth_events)
 
     auth_events.update(resolved_state)
 
     for key, events in iteritems(conflicted_state):
         if key[0] == EventTypes.JoinRules:
             logger.debug("Resolving conflicted join rules %r", events)
-            resolved_state[key] = _resolve_auth_events(
-                events,
-                auth_events
-            )
+            resolved_state[key] = _resolve_auth_events(events, auth_events)
 
     auth_events.update(resolved_state)
 
     for key, events in iteritems(conflicted_state):
         if key[0] == EventTypes.Member:
             logger.debug("Resolving conflicted member lists %r", events)
-            resolved_state[key] = _resolve_auth_events(
-                events,
-                auth_events
-            )
+            resolved_state[key] = _resolve_auth_events(events, auth_events)
 
     auth_events.update(resolved_state)
 
     for key, events in iteritems(conflicted_state):
         if key not in resolved_state:
             logger.debug("Resolving conflicted state %r:%r", key, events)
-            resolved_state[key] = _resolve_normal_events(
-                events, auth_events
-            )
+            resolved_state[key] = _resolve_normal_events(events, auth_events)
 
     return resolved_state
 
@@ -257,9 +241,7 @@ def _resolve_auth_events(events, auth_events):
     reverse = [i for i in reversed(_ordered_events(events))]
 
     auth_keys = set(
-        key
-        for event in events
-        for key in event_auth.auth_types_for_event(event)
+        key for event in events for key in event_auth.auth_types_for_event(event)
     )
 
     new_auth_events = {}
@@ -313,6 +295,6 @@ def _ordered_events(events):
     def key_func(e):
         # we have to use utf-8 rather than ascii here because it turns out we allow
         # people to send us events with non-ascii event IDs :/
-        return -int(e.depth), hashlib.sha1(e.event_id.encode('utf-8')).hexdigest()
+        return -int(e.depth), hashlib.sha1(e.event_id.encode("utf-8")).hexdigest()
 
     return sorted(events, key=key_func)
diff --git a/synapse/state/v2.py b/synapse/state/v2.py
index 650995c92c..db969e8997 100644
--- a/synapse/state/v2.py
+++ b/synapse/state/v2.py
@@ -70,19 +70,18 @@ def resolve_events_with_store(room_version, state_sets, event_map, state_res_sto
 
     # Also fetch all auth events that appear in only some of the state sets'
     # auth chains.
-    auth_diff = yield _get_auth_chain_difference(
-        state_sets, event_map, state_res_store,
-    )
+    auth_diff = yield _get_auth_chain_difference(state_sets, event_map, state_res_store)
 
-    full_conflicted_set = set(itertools.chain(
-        itertools.chain.from_iterable(itervalues(conflicted_state)),
-        auth_diff,
-    ))
+    full_conflicted_set = set(
+        itertools.chain(
+            itertools.chain.from_iterable(itervalues(conflicted_state)), auth_diff
+        )
+    )
 
-    events = yield state_res_store.get_events([
-        eid for eid in full_conflicted_set
-        if eid not in event_map
-    ], allow_rejected=True)
+    events = yield state_res_store.get_events(
+        [eid for eid in full_conflicted_set if eid not in event_map],
+        allow_rejected=True,
+    )
     event_map.update(events)
 
     full_conflicted_set = set(eid for eid in full_conflicted_set if eid in event_map)
@@ -91,22 +90,21 @@ def resolve_events_with_store(room_version, state_sets, event_map, state_res_sto
 
     # Get and sort all the power events (kicks/bans/etc)
     power_events = (
-        eid for eid in full_conflicted_set
-        if _is_power_event(event_map[eid])
+        eid for eid in full_conflicted_set if _is_power_event(event_map[eid])
     )
 
     sorted_power_events = yield _reverse_topological_power_sort(
-        power_events,
-        event_map,
-        state_res_store,
-        full_conflicted_set,
+        power_events, event_map, state_res_store, full_conflicted_set
     )
 
     logger.debug("sorted %d power events", len(sorted_power_events))
 
     # Now sequentially auth each one
     resolved_state = yield _iterative_auth_checks(
-        room_version, sorted_power_events, unconflicted_state, event_map,
+        room_version,
+        sorted_power_events,
+        unconflicted_state,
+        event_map,
         state_res_store,
     )
 
@@ -116,23 +114,20 @@ def resolve_events_with_store(room_version, state_sets, event_map, state_res_sto
     # events using the mainline of the resolved power level.
 
     leftover_events = [
-        ev_id
-        for ev_id in full_conflicted_set
-        if ev_id not in sorted_power_events
+        ev_id for ev_id in full_conflicted_set if ev_id not in sorted_power_events
     ]
 
     logger.debug("sorting %d remaining events", len(leftover_events))
 
     pl = resolved_state.get((EventTypes.PowerLevels, ""), None)
     leftover_events = yield _mainline_sort(
-        leftover_events, pl, event_map, state_res_store,
+        leftover_events, pl, event_map, state_res_store
     )
 
     logger.debug("resolving remaining events")
 
     resolved_state = yield _iterative_auth_checks(
-        room_version, leftover_events, resolved_state, event_map,
-        state_res_store,
+        room_version, leftover_events, resolved_state, event_map, state_res_store
     )
 
     logger.debug("resolved")
@@ -209,14 +204,16 @@ def _get_auth_chain_difference(state_sets, event_map, state_res_store):
         auth_ids = set(
             eid
             for key, eid in iteritems(state_set)
-            if (key[0] in (
-                EventTypes.Member,
-                EventTypes.ThirdPartyInvite,
-            ) or key in (
-                (EventTypes.PowerLevels, ''),
-                (EventTypes.Create, ''),
-                (EventTypes.JoinRules, ''),
-            )) and eid not in common
+            if (
+                key[0] in (EventTypes.Member, EventTypes.ThirdPartyInvite)
+                or key
+                in (
+                    (EventTypes.PowerLevels, ""),
+                    (EventTypes.Create, ""),
+                    (EventTypes.JoinRules, ""),
+                )
+            )
+            and eid not in common
         )
 
         auth_chain = yield state_res_store.get_auth_chain(auth_ids)
@@ -274,15 +271,16 @@ def _is_power_event(event):
         return True
 
     if event.type == EventTypes.Member:
-        if event.membership in ('leave', 'ban'):
+        if event.membership in ("leave", "ban"):
             return event.sender != event.state_key
 
     return False
 
 
 @defer.inlineCallbacks
-def _add_event_and_auth_chain_to_graph(graph, event_id, event_map,
-                                       state_res_store, auth_diff):
+def _add_event_and_auth_chain_to_graph(
+    graph, event_id, event_map, state_res_store, auth_diff
+):
     """Helper function for _reverse_topological_power_sort that add the event
     and its auth chain (that is in the auth diff) to the graph
 
@@ -327,7 +325,7 @@ def _reverse_topological_power_sort(event_ids, event_map, state_res_store, auth_
     graph = {}
     for event_id in event_ids:
         yield _add_event_and_auth_chain_to_graph(
-            graph, event_id, event_map, state_res_store, auth_diff,
+            graph, event_id, event_map, state_res_store, auth_diff
         )
 
     event_to_pl = {}
@@ -342,18 +340,16 @@ def _reverse_topological_power_sort(event_ids, event_map, state_res_store, auth_
         return -pl, ev.origin_server_ts, event_id
 
     # Note: graph is modified during the sort
-    it = lexicographical_topological_sort(
-        graph,
-        key=_get_power_order,
-    )
+    it = lexicographical_topological_sort(graph, key=_get_power_order)
     sorted_events = list(it)
 
     defer.returnValue(sorted_events)
 
 
 @defer.inlineCallbacks
-def _iterative_auth_checks(room_version, event_ids, base_state, event_map,
-                           state_res_store):
+def _iterative_auth_checks(
+    room_version, event_ids, base_state, event_map, state_res_store
+):
     """Sequentially apply auth checks to each event in given list, updating the
     state as it goes along.
 
@@ -389,9 +385,11 @@ def _iterative_auth_checks(room_version, event_ids, base_state, event_map,
 
         try:
             event_auth.check(
-                room_version, event, auth_events,
+                room_version,
+                event,
+                auth_events,
                 do_sig_check=False,
-                do_size_check=False
+                do_size_check=False,
             )
 
             resolved_state[(event.type, event.state_key)] = event_id
@@ -402,8 +400,7 @@ def _iterative_auth_checks(room_version, event_ids, base_state, event_map,
 
 
 @defer.inlineCallbacks
-def _mainline_sort(event_ids, resolved_power_event_id, event_map,
-                   state_res_store):
+def _mainline_sort(event_ids, resolved_power_event_id, event_map, state_res_store):
     """Returns a sorted list of event_ids sorted by mainline ordering based on
     the given event resolved_power_event_id
 
@@ -436,8 +433,7 @@ def _mainline_sort(event_ids, resolved_power_event_id, event_map,
     order_map = {}
     for ev_id in event_ids:
         depth = yield _get_mainline_depth_for_event(
-            event_map[ev_id], mainline_map,
-            event_map, state_res_store,
+            event_map[ev_id], mainline_map, event_map, state_res_store
         )
         order_map[ev_id] = (depth, event_map[ev_id].origin_server_ts, ev_id)
 
diff --git a/synapse/storage/__init__.py b/synapse/storage/__init__.py
index 0ca6f6121f..6b0ca80087 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/__init__.py
@@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ class DataStore(
         Counts the number of users who used this homeserver in the last 24 hours.
         """
         yesterday = int(self._clock.time_msec()) - (1000 * 60 * 60 * 24)
-        return self.runInteraction("count_daily_users", self._count_users, yesterday,)
+        return self.runInteraction("count_daily_users", self._count_users, yesterday)
 
     def count_monthly_users(self):
         """
@@ -291,9 +291,7 @@ class DataStore(
         """
         thirty_days_ago = int(self._clock.time_msec()) - (1000 * 60 * 60 * 24 * 30)
         return self.runInteraction(
-            "count_monthly_users",
-            self._count_users,
-            thirty_days_ago,
+            "count_monthly_users", self._count_users, thirty_days_ago
         )
 
     def _count_users(self, txn, time_from):
@@ -361,7 +359,7 @@ class DataStore(
             txn.execute(sql, (thirty_days_ago_in_secs, thirty_days_ago_in_secs))
 
             for row in txn:
-                if row[0] == 'unknown':
+                if row[0] == "unknown":
                     pass
                 results[row[0]] = row[1]
 
@@ -388,7 +386,7 @@ class DataStore(
             txn.execute(sql, (thirty_days_ago_in_secs, thirty_days_ago_in_secs))
 
             count, = txn.fetchone()
-            results['all'] = count
+            results["all"] = count
 
             return results
 
diff --git a/synapse/storage/_base.py b/synapse/storage/_base.py
index 537696547c..43413e762c 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/_base.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/_base.py
@@ -312,9 +312,7 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
             if res:
                 for user in res:
                     self.set_expiration_date_for_user_txn(
-                        txn,
-                        user["name"],
-                        use_delta=True,
+                        txn, user["name"], use_delta=True
                     )
 
         yield self.runInteraction(
@@ -344,8 +342,8 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
         self._simple_upsert_txn(
             txn,
             "account_validity",
-            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, },
-            values={"expiration_ts_ms": expiration_ts, "email_sent": False, },
+            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id},
+            values={"expiration_ts_ms": expiration_ts, "email_sent": False},
         )
 
     def start_profiling(self):
@@ -1664,7 +1662,7 @@ def db_to_json(db_content):
     # Decode it to a Unicode string before feeding it to json.loads, so we
     # consistenty get a Unicode-containing object out.
     if isinstance(db_content, (bytes, bytearray)):
-        db_content = db_content.decode('utf8')
+        db_content = db_content.decode("utf8")
 
     try:
         return json.loads(db_content)
diff --git a/synapse/storage/background_updates.py b/synapse/storage/background_updates.py
index b8b8273f73..50f913a414 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/background_updates.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/background_updates.py
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ class BackgroundUpdateStore(SQLBaseStore):
             in_flight = set(update["update_name"] for update in updates)
             for update in updates:
                 if update["depends_on"] not in in_flight:
-                    self._background_update_queue.append(update['update_name'])
+                    self._background_update_queue.append(update["update_name"])
 
         if not self._background_update_queue:
             # no work left to do
diff --git a/synapse/storage/devices.py b/synapse/storage/devices.py
index d102e07372..3413a46675 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/devices.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/devices.py
@@ -149,9 +149,7 @@ class DeviceWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             defer.returnValue((stream_id_cutoff, []))
 
         results = yield self._get_device_update_edus_by_remote(
-            destination,
-            from_stream_id,
-            query_map,
+            destination, from_stream_id, query_map
         )
 
         defer.returnValue((now_stream_id, results))
@@ -182,9 +180,7 @@ class DeviceWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         return list(txn)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _get_device_update_edus_by_remote(
-        self, destination, from_stream_id, query_map,
-    ):
+    def _get_device_update_edus_by_remote(self, destination, from_stream_id, query_map):
         """Returns a list of device update EDUs as well as E2EE keys
 
         Args:
@@ -210,7 +206,7 @@ class DeviceWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             # The prev_id for the first row is always the last row before
             # `from_stream_id`
             prev_id = yield self._get_last_device_update_for_remote_user(
-                destination, user_id, from_stream_id,
+                destination, user_id, from_stream_id
             )
             for device_id, device in iteritems(user_devices):
                 stream_id = query_map[(user_id, device_id)]
@@ -238,7 +234,7 @@ class DeviceWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         defer.returnValue(results)
 
     def _get_last_device_update_for_remote_user(
-        self, destination, user_id, from_stream_id,
+        self, destination, user_id, from_stream_id
     ):
         def f(txn):
             prev_sent_id_sql = """
diff --git a/synapse/storage/e2e_room_keys.py b/synapse/storage/e2e_room_keys.py
index 521936e3b0..f40ef2ab64 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/e2e_room_keys.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/e2e_room_keys.py
@@ -87,10 +87,10 @@ class EndToEndRoomKeyStore(SQLBaseStore):
             },
             values={
                 "version": version,
-                "first_message_index": room_key['first_message_index'],
-                "forwarded_count": room_key['forwarded_count'],
-                "is_verified": room_key['is_verified'],
-                "session_data": json.dumps(room_key['session_data']),
+                "first_message_index": room_key["first_message_index"],
+                "forwarded_count": room_key["forwarded_count"],
+                "is_verified": room_key["is_verified"],
+                "session_data": json.dumps(room_key["session_data"]),
             },
             lock=False,
         )
@@ -118,13 +118,13 @@ class EndToEndRoomKeyStore(SQLBaseStore):
         try:
             version = int(version)
         except ValueError:
-            defer.returnValue({'rooms': {}})
+            defer.returnValue({"rooms": {}})
 
         keyvalues = {"user_id": user_id, "version": version}
         if room_id:
-            keyvalues['room_id'] = room_id
+            keyvalues["room_id"] = room_id
             if session_id:
-                keyvalues['session_id'] = session_id
+                keyvalues["session_id"] = session_id
 
         rows = yield self._simple_select_list(
             table="e2e_room_keys",
@@ -141,10 +141,10 @@ class EndToEndRoomKeyStore(SQLBaseStore):
             desc="get_e2e_room_keys",
         )
 
-        sessions = {'rooms': {}}
+        sessions = {"rooms": {}}
         for row in rows:
-            room_entry = sessions['rooms'].setdefault(row['room_id'], {"sessions": {}})
-            room_entry['sessions'][row['session_id']] = {
+            room_entry = sessions["rooms"].setdefault(row["room_id"], {"sessions": {}})
+            room_entry["sessions"][row["session_id"]] = {
                 "first_message_index": row["first_message_index"],
                 "forwarded_count": row["forwarded_count"],
                 "is_verified": row["is_verified"],
@@ -174,9 +174,9 @@ class EndToEndRoomKeyStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
         keyvalues = {"user_id": user_id, "version": int(version)}
         if room_id:
-            keyvalues['room_id'] = room_id
+            keyvalues["room_id"] = room_id
             if session_id:
-                keyvalues['session_id'] = session_id
+                keyvalues["session_id"] = session_id
 
         yield self._simple_delete(
             table="e2e_room_keys", keyvalues=keyvalues, desc="delete_e2e_room_keys"
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ class EndToEndRoomKeyStore(SQLBaseStore):
         )
         row = txn.fetchone()
         if not row:
-            raise StoreError(404, 'No current backup version')
+            raise StoreError(404, "No current backup version")
         return row[0]
 
     def get_e2e_room_keys_version_info(self, user_id, version=None):
@@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ class EndToEndRoomKeyStore(SQLBaseStore):
             )
             current_version = txn.fetchone()[0]
             if current_version is None:
-                current_version = '0'
+                current_version = "0"
 
             new_version = str(int(current_version) + 1)
 
diff --git a/synapse/storage/engines/sqlite.py b/synapse/storage/engines/sqlite.py
index 933bcf42c2..e9b9caa49a 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/engines/sqlite.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/engines/sqlite.py
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ class Sqlite3Engine(object):
 
 def _parse_match_info(buf):
     bufsize = len(buf)
-    return [struct.unpack('@I', buf[i : i + 4])[0] for i in range(0, bufsize, 4)]
+    return [struct.unpack("@I", buf[i : i + 4])[0] for i in range(0, bufsize, 4)]
 
 
 def _rank(raw_match_info):
diff --git a/synapse/storage/event_federation.py b/synapse/storage/event_federation.py
index e8d16edbc8..cb4478342f 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/event_federation.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/event_federation.py
@@ -215,8 +215,7 @@ class EventFederationWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SignatureWorkerStore, SQLBas
             return [room_id for room_id, in txn]
 
         return self.runInteraction(
-            "get_rooms_with_many_extremities",
-            _get_rooms_with_many_extremities_txn,
+            "get_rooms_with_many_extremities", _get_rooms_with_many_extremities_txn
         )
 
     @cached(max_entries=5000, iterable=True)
diff --git a/synapse/storage/event_push_actions.py b/synapse/storage/event_push_actions.py
index a729f3e067..eca77069fd 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/event_push_actions.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/event_push_actions.py
@@ -277,7 +277,7 @@ class EventPushActionsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         # contain results from the first query, correctly ordered, followed
         # by results from the second query, but we want them all ordered
         # by stream_ordering, oldest first.
-        notifs.sort(key=lambda r: r['stream_ordering'])
+        notifs.sort(key=lambda r: r["stream_ordering"])
 
         # Take only up to the limit. We have to stop at the limit because
         # one of the subqueries may have hit the limit.
@@ -379,7 +379,7 @@ class EventPushActionsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         # contain results from the first query, correctly ordered, followed
         # by results from the second query, but we want them all ordered
         # by received_ts (most recent first)
-        notifs.sort(key=lambda r: -(r['received_ts'] or 0))
+        notifs.sort(key=lambda r: -(r["received_ts"] or 0))
 
         # Now return the first `limit`
         defer.returnValue(notifs[:limit])
diff --git a/synapse/storage/events.py b/synapse/storage/events.py
index c4bfa5144c..8ebc9783c9 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/events.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/events.py
@@ -76,15 +76,17 @@ state_delta_reuse_delta_counter = Counter(
 
 # The number of forward extremities for each new event.
 forward_extremities_counter = Histogram(
-    "synapse_storage_events_forward_extremities_persisted", "",
-    buckets=(1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, 20, 50, 100, 200, 500, "+Inf")
+    "synapse_storage_events_forward_extremities_persisted",
+    "",
+    buckets=(1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, 20, 50, 100, 200, 500, "+Inf"),
 )
 
 # The number of stale forward extremities for each new event. Stale extremities
 # are those that were in the previous set of extremities as well as the new.
 stale_forward_extremities_counter = Histogram(
-    "synapse_storage_events_stale_forward_extremities_persisted", "",
-    buckets=(0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, 20, 50, 100, 200, 500, "+Inf")
+    "synapse_storage_events_stale_forward_extremities_persisted",
+    "",
+    buckets=(0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, 20, 50, 100, 200, 500, "+Inf"),
 )
 
 
@@ -247,7 +249,7 @@ class EventsStore(
         BucketCollector(
             "synapse_forward_extremities",
             lambda: self._current_forward_extremities_amount,
-            buckets=[1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, 20, 50, 100, 200, 500, "+Inf"]
+            buckets=[1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, 20, 50, 100, 200, 500, "+Inf"],
         )
 
         # Read the extrems every 60 minutes
diff --git a/synapse/storage/events_bg_updates.py b/synapse/storage/events_bg_updates.py
index 75c1935bf3..1ce21d190c 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/events_bg_updates.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/events_bg_updates.py
@@ -64,8 +64,7 @@ class EventsBackgroundUpdatesStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
         )
 
         self.register_background_update_handler(
-            self.DELETE_SOFT_FAILED_EXTREMITIES,
-            self._cleanup_extremities_bg_update,
+            self.DELETE_SOFT_FAILED_EXTREMITIES, self._cleanup_extremities_bg_update
         )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -269,7 +268,8 @@ class EventsBackgroundUpdatesStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
                 LEFT JOIN events USING (event_id)
                 LEFT JOIN event_json USING (event_id)
                 LEFT JOIN rejections USING (event_id)
-                """, (batch_size,)
+                """,
+                (batch_size,),
             )
 
             for prev_event_id, event_id, metadata, rejected, outlier in txn:
@@ -364,13 +364,12 @@ class EventsBackgroundUpdatesStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
                     column="event_id",
                     iterable=to_delete,
                     keyvalues={},
-                    retcols=("room_id",)
+                    retcols=("room_id",),
                 )
                 room_ids = set(row["room_id"] for row in rows)
                 for room_id in room_ids:
                     txn.call_after(
-                        self.get_latest_event_ids_in_room.invalidate,
-                        (room_id,)
+                        self.get_latest_event_ids_in_room.invalidate, (room_id,)
                     )
 
             self._simple_delete_many_txn(
@@ -384,7 +383,7 @@ class EventsBackgroundUpdatesStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
             return len(original_set)
 
         num_handled = yield self.runInteraction(
-            "_cleanup_extremities_bg_update", _cleanup_extremities_bg_update_txn,
+            "_cleanup_extremities_bg_update", _cleanup_extremities_bg_update_txn
         )
 
         if not num_handled:
@@ -394,8 +393,7 @@ class EventsBackgroundUpdatesStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
                 txn.execute("DROP TABLE _extremities_to_check")
 
             yield self.runInteraction(
-                "_cleanup_extremities_bg_update_drop_table",
-                _drop_table_txn,
+                "_cleanup_extremities_bg_update_drop_table", _drop_table_txn
             )
 
         defer.returnValue(num_handled)
diff --git a/synapse/storage/events_worker.py b/synapse/storage/events_worker.py
index 5dc49822b5..e6b6b9d233 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/events_worker.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/events_worker.py
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes
 from synapse.api.errors import NotFoundError
 from synapse.api.room_versions import EventFormatVersions
 from synapse.events import FrozenEvent, event_type_from_format_version  # noqa: F401
+
 # these are only included to make the type annotations work
 from synapse.events.snapshot import EventContext  # noqa: F401
 from synapse.events.utils import prune_event
@@ -111,8 +112,7 @@ class EventsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             return ts
 
         return self.runInteraction(
-            "get_approximate_received_ts",
-            _get_approximate_received_ts_txn,
+            "get_approximate_received_ts", _get_approximate_received_ts_txn
         )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -298,9 +298,7 @@ class EventsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                     #     that
 
                     expected_domain = get_domain_from_id(entry.event.sender)
-                    if (
-                        get_domain_from_id(orig_event_info["sender"]) == expected_domain
-                    ):
+                    if get_domain_from_id(orig_event_info["sender"]) == expected_domain:
                         # This redaction event is allowed. Mark as not needing a
                         # recheck.
                         entry.event.internal_metadata.recheck_redaction = False
@@ -692,7 +690,8 @@ class EventsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         """
         return self.runInteraction(
             "get_total_state_event_counts",
-            self._get_total_state_event_counts_txn, room_id
+            self._get_total_state_event_counts_txn,
+            room_id,
         )
 
     def _get_current_state_event_counts_txn(self, txn, room_id):
@@ -716,7 +715,8 @@ class EventsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         """
         return self.runInteraction(
             "get_current_state_event_counts",
-            self._get_current_state_event_counts_txn, room_id
+            self._get_current_state_event_counts_txn,
+            room_id,
         )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
diff --git a/synapse/storage/group_server.py b/synapse/storage/group_server.py
index dce6a43ac1..73e6fc6de2 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/group_server.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/group_server.py
@@ -1179,11 +1179,7 @@ class GroupServerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
             for table in tables:
                 self._simple_delete_txn(
-                    txn,
-                    table=table,
-                    keyvalues={"group_id": group_id},
+                    txn, table=table, keyvalues={"group_id": group_id}
                 )
 
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "delete_group", _delete_group_txn
-        )
+        return self.runInteraction("delete_group", _delete_group_txn)
diff --git a/synapse/storage/keys.py b/synapse/storage/keys.py
index e3655ad8d7..e72f89e446 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/keys.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/keys.py
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ class KeyStore(SQLBaseStore):
         def _invalidate(res):
             f = self._get_server_verify_key.invalidate
             for i in invalidations:
-                f((i, ))
+                f((i,))
             return res
 
         return self.runInteraction(
diff --git a/synapse/storage/media_repository.py b/synapse/storage/media_repository.py
index 3ecf47e7a7..6b1238ce4a 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/media_repository.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/media_repository.py
@@ -22,11 +22,11 @@ class MediaRepositoryStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
         super(MediaRepositoryStore, self).__init__(db_conn, hs)
 
         self.register_background_index_update(
-            update_name='local_media_repository_url_idx',
-            index_name='local_media_repository_url_idx',
-            table='local_media_repository',
-            columns=['created_ts'],
-            where_clause='url_cache IS NOT NULL',
+            update_name="local_media_repository_url_idx",
+            index_name="local_media_repository_url_idx",
+            table="local_media_repository",
+            columns=["created_ts"],
+            where_clause="url_cache IS NOT NULL",
         )
 
     def get_local_media(self, media_id):
@@ -108,12 +108,12 @@ class MediaRepositoryStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
             return dict(
                 zip(
                     (
-                        'response_code',
-                        'etag',
-                        'expires_ts',
-                        'og',
-                        'media_id',
-                        'download_ts',
+                        "response_code",
+                        "etag",
+                        "expires_ts",
+                        "og",
+                        "media_id",
+                        "download_ts",
                     ),
                     row,
                 )
diff --git a/synapse/storage/monthly_active_users.py b/synapse/storage/monthly_active_users.py
index 8aa8abc470..081564360f 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/monthly_active_users.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/monthly_active_users.py
@@ -86,11 +86,11 @@ class MonthlyActiveUsersStore(SQLBaseStore):
             if len(self.reserved_users) > 0:
                 # questionmarks is a hack to overcome sqlite not supporting
                 # tuples in 'WHERE IN %s'
-                questionmarks = '?' * len(self.reserved_users)
+                questionmarks = "?" * len(self.reserved_users)
 
                 query_args.extend(self.reserved_users)
                 sql = base_sql + """ AND user_id NOT IN ({})""".format(
-                    ','.join(questionmarks)
+                    ",".join(questionmarks)
                 )
             else:
                 sql = base_sql
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ class MonthlyActiveUsersStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 if len(self.reserved_users) > 0:
                     query_args.extend(self.reserved_users)
                     sql = base_sql + """ AND user_id NOT IN ({})""".format(
-                        ','.join(questionmarks)
+                        ",".join(questionmarks)
                     )
                 else:
                     sql = base_sql
diff --git a/synapse/storage/prepare_database.py b/synapse/storage/prepare_database.py
index f2c1bed487..fc10b9534e 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/prepare_database.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/prepare_database.py
@@ -146,9 +146,10 @@ def _setup_new_database(cur, database_engine):
 
     directory_entries = os.listdir(sql_dir)
 
-    for filename in sorted(fnmatch.filter(directory_entries, "*.sql") + fnmatch.filter(
-        directory_entries, "*.sql." + specific
-    )):
+    for filename in sorted(
+        fnmatch.filter(directory_entries, "*.sql")
+        + fnmatch.filter(directory_entries, "*.sql." + specific)
+    ):
         sql_loc = os.path.join(sql_dir, filename)
         logger.debug("Applying schema %s", sql_loc)
         executescript(cur, sql_loc)
@@ -313,7 +314,7 @@ def _apply_module_schemas(txn, database_engine, config):
             application config
     """
     for (mod, _config) in config.password_providers:
-        if not hasattr(mod, 'get_db_schema_files'):
+        if not hasattr(mod, "get_db_schema_files"):
             continue
         modname = ".".join((mod.__module__, mod.__name__))
         _apply_module_schema_files(
@@ -343,7 +344,7 @@ def _apply_module_schema_files(cur, database_engine, modname, names_and_streams)
             continue
 
         root_name, ext = os.path.splitext(name)
-        if ext != '.sql':
+        if ext != ".sql":
             raise PrepareDatabaseException(
                 "only .sql files are currently supported for module schemas"
             )
@@ -407,7 +408,7 @@ def get_statements(f):
 
 
 def executescript(txn, schema_path):
-    with open(schema_path, 'r') as f:
+    with open(schema_path, "r") as f:
         for statement in get_statements(f):
             txn.execute(statement)
 
diff --git a/synapse/storage/profile.py b/synapse/storage/profile.py
index 38524f2545..9bffd27d9a 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/profile.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/profile.py
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ class ProfileWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
         defer.returnValue(
             ProfileInfo(
-                avatar_url=profile['avatar_url'], display_name=profile['displayname']
+                avatar_url=profile["avatar_url"], display_name=profile["displayname"]
             )
         )
 
@@ -69,17 +69,14 @@ class ProfileWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         def f(txn):
             txn.execute("SELECT MAX(batch) as maxbatch FROM profiles")
             rows = self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
-            return rows[0]['maxbatch']
-        return self.runInteraction(
-            "get_latest_profile_replication_batch_number", f,
-        )
+            return rows[0]["maxbatch"]
+
+        return self.runInteraction("get_latest_profile_replication_batch_number", f)
 
     def get_profile_batch(self, batchnum):
         return self._simple_select_list(
             table="profiles",
-            keyvalues={
-                "batch": batchnum,
-            },
+            keyvalues={"batch": batchnum},
             retcols=("user_id", "displayname", "avatar_url", "active"),
             desc="get_profile_batch",
         )
@@ -95,22 +92,24 @@ class ProfileWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             )
             txn.execute(sql, (BATCH_SIZE,))
             return txn.rowcount
+
         return self.runInteraction("assign_profile_batch", f)
 
     def get_replication_hosts(self):
         def f(txn):
-            txn.execute("SELECT host, last_synced_batch FROM profile_replication_status")
+            txn.execute(
+                "SELECT host, last_synced_batch FROM profile_replication_status"
+            )
             rows = self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
-            return {r['host']: r['last_synced_batch'] for r in rows}
+            return {r["host"]: r["last_synced_batch"] for r in rows}
+
         return self.runInteraction("get_replication_hosts", f)
 
     def update_replication_batch_for_host(self, host, last_synced_batch):
         return self._simple_upsert(
             table="profile_replication_status",
             keyvalues={"host": host},
-            values={
-                "last_synced_batch": last_synced_batch,
-            },
+            values={"last_synced_batch": last_synced_batch},
             desc="update_replication_batch_for_host",
         )
 
@@ -127,31 +126,22 @@ class ProfileWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         return self._simple_upsert(
             table="profiles",
             keyvalues={"user_id": user_localpart},
-            values={
-                "displayname": new_displayname,
-                "batch": batchnum,
-            },
+            values={"displayname": new_displayname, "batch": batchnum},
             desc="set_profile_displayname",
-            lock=False  # we can do this because user_id has a unique index
+            lock=False,  # we can do this because user_id has a unique index
         )
 
     def set_profile_avatar_url(self, user_localpart, new_avatar_url, batchnum):
         return self._simple_upsert(
             table="profiles",
             keyvalues={"user_id": user_localpart},
-            values={
-                "avatar_url": new_avatar_url,
-                "batch": batchnum,
-            },
+            values={"avatar_url": new_avatar_url, "batch": batchnum},
             desc="set_profile_avatar_url",
-            lock=False  # we can do this because user_id has a unique index
+            lock=False,  # we can do this because user_id has a unique index
         )
 
     def set_profile_active(self, user_localpart, active, hide, batchnum):
-        values = {
-            "active": int(active),
-            "batch": batchnum,
-        }
+        values = {"active": int(active), "batch": batchnum}
         if not active and not hide:
             # we are deactivating for real (not in hide mode)
             # so clear the profile.
@@ -162,7 +152,7 @@ class ProfileWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             keyvalues={"user_id": user_localpart},
             values=values,
             desc="set_profile_active",
-            lock=False  # we can do this because user_id has a unique index
+            lock=False,  # we can do this because user_id has a unique index
         )
 
 
diff --git a/synapse/storage/push_rule.py b/synapse/storage/push_rule.py
index 9e406baafa..98cec8c82b 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/push_rule.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/push_rule.py
@@ -46,12 +46,12 @@ def _load_rules(rawrules, enabled_map):
     rules = list(list_with_base_rules(ruleslist))
 
     for i, rule in enumerate(rules):
-        rule_id = rule['rule_id']
+        rule_id = rule["rule_id"]
         if rule_id in enabled_map:
-            if rule.get('enabled', True) != bool(enabled_map[rule_id]):
+            if rule.get("enabled", True) != bool(enabled_map[rule_id]):
                 # Rules are cached across users.
                 rule = dict(rule)
-                rule['enabled'] = bool(enabled_map[rule_id])
+                rule["enabled"] = bool(enabled_map[rule_id])
                 rules[i] = rule
 
     return rules
@@ -126,12 +126,12 @@ class PushRulesWorkerStore(
     def get_push_rules_enabled_for_user(self, user_id):
         results = yield self._simple_select_list(
             table="push_rules_enable",
-            keyvalues={'user_name': user_id},
+            keyvalues={"user_name": user_id},
             retcols=("user_name", "rule_id", "enabled"),
             desc="get_push_rules_enabled_for_user",
         )
         defer.returnValue(
-            {r['rule_id']: False if r['enabled'] == 0 else True for r in results}
+            {r["rule_id"]: False if r["enabled"] == 0 else True for r in results}
         )
 
     def have_push_rules_changed_for_user(self, user_id, last_id):
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ class PushRulesWorkerStore(
         rows.sort(key=lambda row: (-int(row["priority_class"]), -int(row["priority"])))
 
         for row in rows:
-            results.setdefault(row['user_name'], []).append(row)
+            results.setdefault(row["user_name"], []).append(row)
 
         enabled_map_by_user = yield self.bulk_get_push_rules_enabled(user_ids)
 
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ class PushRulesWorkerStore(
             rule (Dict): A push rule.
         """
         # Create new rule id
-        rule_id_scope = '/'.join(rule["rule_id"].split('/')[:-1])
+        rule_id_scope = "/".join(rule["rule_id"].split("/")[:-1])
         new_rule_id = rule_id_scope + "/" + new_room_id
 
         # Change room id in each condition
@@ -334,8 +334,8 @@ class PushRulesWorkerStore(
             desc="bulk_get_push_rules_enabled",
         )
         for row in rows:
-            enabled = bool(row['enabled'])
-            results.setdefault(row['user_name'], {})[row['rule_id']] = enabled
+            enabled = bool(row["enabled"])
+            results.setdefault(row["user_name"], {})[row["rule_id"]] = enabled
         defer.returnValue(results)
 
 
@@ -568,7 +568,7 @@ class PushRuleStore(PushRulesWorkerStore):
 
         def delete_push_rule_txn(txn, stream_id, event_stream_ordering):
             self._simple_delete_one_txn(
-                txn, "push_rules", {'user_name': user_id, 'rule_id': rule_id}
+                txn, "push_rules", {"user_name": user_id, "rule_id": rule_id}
             )
 
             self._insert_push_rules_update_txn(
@@ -605,9 +605,9 @@ class PushRuleStore(PushRulesWorkerStore):
         self._simple_upsert_txn(
             txn,
             "push_rules_enable",
-            {'user_name': user_id, 'rule_id': rule_id},
-            {'enabled': 1 if enabled else 0},
-            {'id': new_id},
+            {"user_name": user_id, "rule_id": rule_id},
+            {"enabled": 1 if enabled else 0},
+            {"id": new_id},
         )
 
         self._insert_push_rules_update_txn(
@@ -645,8 +645,8 @@ class PushRuleStore(PushRulesWorkerStore):
                 self._simple_update_one_txn(
                     txn,
                     "push_rules",
-                    {'user_name': user_id, 'rule_id': rule_id},
-                    {'actions': actions_json},
+                    {"user_name": user_id, "rule_id": rule_id},
+                    {"actions": actions_json},
                 )
 
             self._insert_push_rules_update_txn(
diff --git a/synapse/storage/pusher.py b/synapse/storage/pusher.py
index 1567e1df48..cfe0a94330 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/pusher.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/pusher.py
@@ -37,24 +37,24 @@ else:
 class PusherWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
     def _decode_pushers_rows(self, rows):
         for r in rows:
-            dataJson = r['data']
-            r['data'] = None
+            dataJson = r["data"]
+            r["data"] = None
             try:
                 if isinstance(dataJson, db_binary_type):
                     dataJson = str(dataJson).decode("UTF8")
 
-                r['data'] = json.loads(dataJson)
+                r["data"] = json.loads(dataJson)
             except Exception as e:
                 logger.warn(
                     "Invalid JSON in data for pusher %d: %s, %s",
-                    r['id'],
+                    r["id"],
                     dataJson,
                     e.args[0],
                 )
                 pass
 
-            if isinstance(r['pushkey'], db_binary_type):
-                r['pushkey'] = str(r['pushkey']).decode("UTF8")
+            if isinstance(r["pushkey"], db_binary_type):
+                r["pushkey"] = str(r["pushkey"]).decode("UTF8")
 
         return rows
 
@@ -195,15 +195,15 @@ class PusherWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
     )
     def get_if_users_have_pushers(self, user_ids):
         rows = yield self._simple_select_many_batch(
-            table='pushers',
-            column='user_name',
+            table="pushers",
+            column="user_name",
             iterable=user_ids,
-            retcols=['user_name'],
-            desc='get_if_users_have_pushers',
+            retcols=["user_name"],
+            desc="get_if_users_have_pushers",
         )
 
         result = {user_id: False for user_id in user_ids}
-        result.update({r['user_name']: True for r in rows})
+        result.update({r["user_name"]: True for r in rows})
 
         defer.returnValue(result)
 
@@ -299,8 +299,8 @@ class PusherStore(PusherWorkerStore):
     ):
         yield self._simple_update_one(
             "pushers",
-            {'app_id': app_id, 'pushkey': pushkey, 'user_name': user_id},
-            {'last_stream_ordering': last_stream_ordering},
+            {"app_id": app_id, "pushkey": pushkey, "user_name": user_id},
+            {"last_stream_ordering": last_stream_ordering},
             desc="update_pusher_last_stream_ordering",
         )
 
@@ -310,10 +310,10 @@ class PusherStore(PusherWorkerStore):
     ):
         yield self._simple_update_one(
             "pushers",
-            {'app_id': app_id, 'pushkey': pushkey, 'user_name': user_id},
+            {"app_id": app_id, "pushkey": pushkey, "user_name": user_id},
             {
-                'last_stream_ordering': last_stream_ordering,
-                'last_success': last_success,
+                "last_stream_ordering": last_stream_ordering,
+                "last_success": last_success,
             },
             desc="update_pusher_last_stream_ordering_and_success",
         )
@@ -322,8 +322,8 @@ class PusherStore(PusherWorkerStore):
     def update_pusher_failing_since(self, app_id, pushkey, user_id, failing_since):
         yield self._simple_update_one(
             "pushers",
-            {'app_id': app_id, 'pushkey': pushkey, 'user_name': user_id},
-            {'failing_since': failing_since},
+            {"app_id": app_id, "pushkey": pushkey, "user_name": user_id},
+            {"failing_since": failing_since},
             desc="update_pusher_failing_since",
         )
 
diff --git a/synapse/storage/receipts.py b/synapse/storage/receipts.py
index a1647e50a1..b477da12b1 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/receipts.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/receipts.py
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ class ReceiptsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
     @cachedInlineCallbacks()
     def get_users_with_read_receipts_in_room(self, room_id):
         receipts = yield self.get_receipts_for_room(room_id, "m.read")
-        defer.returnValue(set(r['user_id'] for r in receipts))
+        defer.returnValue(set(r["user_id"] for r in receipts))
 
     @cached(num_args=2)
     def get_receipts_for_room(self, room_id, receipt_type):
diff --git a/synapse/storage/registration.py b/synapse/storage/registration.py
index 028848cf89..8ecf7c029c 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/registration.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/registration.py
@@ -116,8 +116,9 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         defer.returnValue(res)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def set_account_validity_for_user(self, user_id, expiration_ts, email_sent,
-                                      renewal_token=None):
+    def set_account_validity_for_user(
+        self, user_id, expiration_ts, email_sent, renewal_token=None
+    ):
         """Updates the account validity properties of the given account, with the
         given values.
 
@@ -131,6 +132,7 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             renewal_token (str): Renewal token the user can use to extend the validity
                 of their account. Defaults to no token.
         """
+
         def set_account_validity_for_user_txn(txn):
             self._simple_update_txn(
                 txn=txn,
@@ -143,12 +145,11 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 },
             )
             self._invalidate_cache_and_stream(
-                txn, self.get_expiration_ts_for_user, (user_id,),
+                txn, self.get_expiration_ts_for_user, (user_id,)
             )
 
         yield self.runInteraction(
-            "set_account_validity_for_user",
-            set_account_validity_for_user_txn,
+            "set_account_validity_for_user", set_account_validity_for_user_txn
         )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -158,6 +159,7 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         Returns:
             Deferred[list[str]]: List of expired user IDs
         """
+
         def get_expired_users_txn(txn, now_ms):
             sql = """
                 SELECT user_id from account_validity
@@ -168,9 +170,7 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             return [row[0] for row in rows]
 
         res = yield self.runInteraction(
-            "get_expired_users",
-            get_expired_users_txn,
-            self.clock.time_msec(),
+            "get_expired_users", get_expired_users_txn, self.clock.time_msec()
         )
         defer.returnValue(res)
 
@@ -240,6 +240,7 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         Returns:
             Deferred: Resolves to a list[dict[user_id (str), expiration_ts_ms (int)]]
         """
+
         def select_users_txn(txn, now_ms, renew_at):
             sql = (
                 "SELECT user_id, expiration_ts_ms FROM account_validity"
@@ -252,7 +253,8 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         res = yield self.runInteraction(
             "get_users_expiring_soon",
             select_users_txn,
-            self.clock.time_msec(), self.config.account_validity.renew_at,
+            self.clock.time_msec(),
+            self.config.account_validity.renew_at,
         )
 
         defer.returnValue(res)
@@ -392,7 +394,7 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                     WHERE creation_ts > ?
                 ) AS t GROUP BY user_type
             """
-            results = {'native': 0, 'guest': 0, 'bridged': 0}
+            results = {"native": 0, "guest": 0, "bridged": 0}
             txn.execute(sql, (yesterday,))
             for row in txn:
                 results[row[0]] = row[1]
@@ -458,7 +460,7 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             {"medium": medium, "address": address},
             ["guest_access_token"],
             True,
-            'get_3pid_guest_access_token',
+            "get_3pid_guest_access_token",
         )
         if ret:
             defer.returnValue(ret["guest_access_token"])
@@ -495,11 +497,11 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             txn,
             "user_threepids",
             {"medium": medium, "address": address},
-            ['user_id'],
+            ["user_id"],
             True,
         )
         if ret:
-            return ret['user_id']
+            return ret["user_id"]
         return None
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -515,8 +517,8 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         ret = yield self._simple_select_list(
             "user_threepids",
             {"user_id": user_id},
-            ['medium', 'address', 'validated_at', 'added_at'],
-            'user_get_threepids',
+            ["medium", "address", "validated_at", "added_at"],
+            "user_get_threepids",
         )
         defer.returnValue(ret)
 
@@ -595,11 +597,7 @@ class RegistrationWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         """
         return self._simple_select_onecol(
             table="user_threepid_id_server",
-            keyvalues={
-                "user_id": user_id,
-                "medium": medium,
-                "address": address,
-            },
+            keyvalues={"user_id": user_id, "medium": medium, "address": address},
             retcol="id_server",
             desc="get_id_servers_user_bound",
         )
@@ -635,16 +633,16 @@ class RegistrationStore(
         self.register_noop_background_update("refresh_tokens_device_index")
 
         self.register_background_update_handler(
-            "user_threepids_grandfather", self._bg_user_threepids_grandfather,
+            "user_threepids_grandfather", self._bg_user_threepids_grandfather
         )
 
         self.register_background_update_handler(
-            "users_set_deactivated_flag", self._backgroud_update_set_deactivated_flag,
+            "users_set_deactivated_flag", self._backgroud_update_set_deactivated_flag
         )
 
         # Create a background job for culling expired 3PID validity tokens
         hs.get_clock().looping_call(
-            self.cull_expired_threepid_validation_tokens, THIRTY_MINUTES_IN_MS,
+            self.cull_expired_threepid_validation_tokens, THIRTY_MINUTES_IN_MS
         )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -700,8 +698,7 @@ class RegistrationStore(
                 return False
 
         end = yield self.runInteraction(
-            "users_set_deactivated_flag",
-            _backgroud_update_set_deactivated_flag_txn,
+            "users_set_deactivated_flag", _backgroud_update_set_deactivated_flag_txn
         )
 
         if end:
@@ -874,7 +871,7 @@ class RegistrationStore(
 
         def user_set_password_hash_txn(txn):
             self._simple_update_one_txn(
-                txn, 'users', {'name': user_id}, {'password_hash': password_hash}
+                txn, "users", {"name": user_id}, {"password_hash": password_hash}
             )
             self._invalidate_cache_and_stream(txn, self.get_user_by_id, (user_id,))
 
@@ -895,9 +892,9 @@ class RegistrationStore(
         def f(txn):
             self._simple_update_one_txn(
                 txn,
-                table='users',
-                keyvalues={'name': user_id},
-                updatevalues={'consent_version': consent_version},
+                table="users",
+                keyvalues={"name": user_id},
+                updatevalues={"consent_version": consent_version},
             )
             self._invalidate_cache_and_stream(txn, self.get_user_by_id, (user_id,))
 
@@ -919,9 +916,9 @@ class RegistrationStore(
         def f(txn):
             self._simple_update_one_txn(
                 txn,
-                table='users',
-                keyvalues={'name': user_id},
-                updatevalues={'consent_server_notice_sent': consent_version},
+                table="users",
+                keyvalues={"name": user_id},
+                updatevalues={"consent_server_notice_sent": consent_version},
             )
             self._invalidate_cache_and_stream(txn, self.get_user_by_id, (user_id,))
 
@@ -1091,7 +1088,7 @@ class RegistrationStore(
 
         if id_servers:
             yield self.runInteraction(
-                "_bg_user_threepids_grandfather", _bg_user_threepids_grandfather_txn,
+                "_bg_user_threepids_grandfather", _bg_user_threepids_grandfather_txn
             )
 
         yield self._end_background_update("user_threepids_grandfather")
@@ -1099,12 +1096,7 @@ class RegistrationStore(
         defer.returnValue(1)
 
     def get_threepid_validation_session(
-        self,
-        medium,
-        client_secret,
-        address=None,
-        sid=None,
-        validated=True,
+        self, medium, client_secret, address=None, sid=None, validated=True
     ):
         """Gets a session_id and last_send_attempt (if available) for a
         client_secret/medium/(address|session_id) combo
@@ -1124,23 +1116,22 @@ class RegistrationStore(
                 latest session_id and send_attempt count for this 3PID.
                 Otherwise None if there hasn't been a previous attempt
         """
-        keyvalues = {
-            "medium": medium,
-            "client_secret": client_secret,
-        }
+        keyvalues = {"medium": medium, "client_secret": client_secret}
         if address:
             keyvalues["address"] = address
         if sid:
             keyvalues["session_id"] = sid
 
-        assert(address or sid)
+        assert address or sid
 
         def get_threepid_validation_session_txn(txn):
             sql = """
                 SELECT address, session_id, medium, client_secret,
                 last_send_attempt, validated_at
                 FROM threepid_validation_session WHERE %s
-                """ % (" AND ".join("%s = ?" % k for k in iterkeys(keyvalues)),)
+                """ % (
+                " AND ".join("%s = ?" % k for k in iterkeys(keyvalues)),
+            )
 
             if validated is not None:
                 sql += " AND validated_at IS " + ("NOT NULL" if validated else "NULL")
@@ -1155,17 +1146,10 @@ class RegistrationStore(
             return rows[0]
 
         return self.runInteraction(
-            "get_threepid_validation_session",
-            get_threepid_validation_session_txn,
+            "get_threepid_validation_session", get_threepid_validation_session_txn
         )
 
-    def validate_threepid_session(
-        self,
-        session_id,
-        client_secret,
-        token,
-        current_ts,
-    ):
+    def validate_threepid_session(self, session_id, client_secret, token, current_ts):
         """Attempt to validate a threepid session using a token
 
         Args:
@@ -1197,7 +1181,7 @@ class RegistrationStore(
 
             if retrieved_client_secret != client_secret:
                 raise ThreepidValidationError(
-                    400, "This client_secret does not match the provided session_id",
+                    400, "This client_secret does not match the provided session_id"
                 )
 
             row = self._simple_select_one_txn(
@@ -1210,7 +1194,7 @@ class RegistrationStore(
 
             if not row:
                 raise ThreepidValidationError(
-                    400, "Validation token not found or has expired",
+                    400, "Validation token not found or has expired"
                 )
             expires = row["expires"]
             next_link = row["next_link"]
@@ -1221,7 +1205,7 @@ class RegistrationStore(
 
             if expires <= current_ts:
                 raise ThreepidValidationError(
-                    400, "This token has expired. Please request a new one",
+                    400, "This token has expired. Please request a new one"
                 )
 
             # Looks good. Validate the session
@@ -1236,8 +1220,7 @@ class RegistrationStore(
 
         # Return next_link if it exists
         return self.runInteraction(
-            "validate_threepid_session_txn",
-            validate_threepid_session_txn,
+            "validate_threepid_session_txn", validate_threepid_session_txn
         )
 
     def upsert_threepid_validation_session(
@@ -1304,6 +1287,7 @@ class RegistrationStore(
             token_expires (int): The timestamp for which after the token
                 will no longer be valid
         """
+
         def start_or_continue_validation_session_txn(txn):
             # Create or update a validation session
             self._simple_upsert_txn(
@@ -1337,6 +1321,7 @@ class RegistrationStore(
 
     def cull_expired_threepid_validation_tokens(self):
         """Remove threepid validation tokens with expiry dates that have passed"""
+
         def cull_expired_threepid_validation_tokens_txn(txn, ts):
             sql = """
             DELETE FROM threepid_validation_token WHERE
@@ -1358,6 +1343,7 @@ class RegistrationStore(
         Args:
             session_id (str): The ID of the session to delete
         """
+
         def delete_threepid_session_txn(txn):
             self._simple_delete_txn(
                 txn,
@@ -1371,8 +1357,7 @@ class RegistrationStore(
             )
 
         return self.runInteraction(
-            "delete_threepid_session",
-            delete_threepid_session_txn,
+            "delete_threepid_session", delete_threepid_session_txn
         )
 
     def set_user_deactivated_status_txn(self, txn, user_id, deactivated):
@@ -1383,7 +1368,7 @@ class RegistrationStore(
             updatevalues={"deactivated": 1 if deactivated else 0},
         )
         self._invalidate_cache_and_stream(
-            txn, self.get_user_deactivated_status, (user_id,),
+            txn, self.get_user_deactivated_status, (user_id,)
         )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -1398,7 +1383,8 @@ class RegistrationStore(
         yield self.runInteraction(
             "set_user_deactivated_status",
             self.set_user_deactivated_status_txn,
-            user_id, deactivated,
+            user_id,
+            deactivated,
         )
 
     @cachedInlineCallbacks()
diff --git a/synapse/storage/relations.py b/synapse/storage/relations.py
index 4c83800cca..1b01934c19 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/relations.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/relations.py
@@ -468,9 +468,5 @@ class RelationsStore(RelationsWorkerStore):
         """
 
         self._simple_delete_txn(
-            txn,
-            table="event_relations",
-            keyvalues={
-                "event_id": redacted_event_id,
-            }
+            txn, table="event_relations", keyvalues={"event_id": redacted_event_id}
         )
diff --git a/synapse/storage/room.py b/synapse/storage/room.py
index db3d052d33..49df35e3de 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/room.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/room.py
@@ -242,10 +242,7 @@ class RoomWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         # maximum, in order not to filter out events we should filter out when sending to
         # the client.
         if not self.config.retention_enabled:
-            defer.returnValue({
-                "min_lifetime": None,
-                "max_lifetime": None,
-            })
+            defer.returnValue({"min_lifetime": None, "max_lifetime": None})
 
         def get_retention_policy_for_room_txn(txn):
             txn.execute(
@@ -254,23 +251,24 @@ class RoomWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 INNER JOIN current_state_events USING (event_id, room_id)
                 WHERE room_id = ?;
                 """,
-                (room_id,)
+                (room_id,),
             )
 
             return self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
 
         ret = yield self.runInteraction(
-            "get_retention_policy_for_room",
-            get_retention_policy_for_room_txn,
+            "get_retention_policy_for_room", get_retention_policy_for_room_txn
         )
 
         # If we don't know this room ID, ret will be None, in this case return the default
         # policy.
         if not ret:
-            defer.returnValue({
-                "min_lifetime": self.config.retention_default_min_lifetime,
-                "max_lifetime": self.config.retention_default_max_lifetime,
-            })
+            defer.returnValue(
+                {
+                    "min_lifetime": self.config.retention_default_min_lifetime,
+                    "max_lifetime": self.config.retention_default_max_lifetime,
+                }
+            )
 
         row = ret[0]
 
@@ -294,7 +292,7 @@ class RoomStore(RoomWorkerStore, SearchStore):
         self.config = hs.config
 
         self.register_background_update_handler(
-            "insert_room_retention", self._background_insert_retention,
+            "insert_room_retention", self._background_insert_retention
         )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -317,8 +315,9 @@ class RoomStore(RoomWorkerStore, SearchStore):
                 WHERE state.room_id > ? AND state.type = '%s'
                 ORDER BY state.room_id ASC
                 LIMIT ?;
-                """ % EventTypes.Retention,
-                (last_room, batch_size)
+                """
+                % EventTypes.Retention,
+                (last_room, batch_size),
             )
 
             rows = self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
@@ -341,15 +340,13 @@ class RoomStore(RoomWorkerStore, SearchStore):
                         "event_id": row["event_id"],
                         "min_lifetime": retention_policy.get("min_lifetime"),
                         "max_lifetime": retention_policy.get("max_lifetime"),
-                    }
+                    },
                 )
 
             logger.info("Inserted %d rows into room_retention", len(rows))
 
             self._background_update_progress_txn(
-                txn, "insert_room_retention", {
-                    "room_id": rows[-1]["room_id"],
-                }
+                txn, "insert_room_retention", {"room_id": rows[-1]["room_id"]}
             )
 
             if batch_size > len(rows):
@@ -358,8 +355,7 @@ class RoomStore(RoomWorkerStore, SearchStore):
                 return False
 
         end = yield self.runInteraction(
-            "insert_room_retention",
-            _background_insert_retention_txn,
+            "insert_room_retention", _background_insert_retention_txn
         )
 
         if end:
@@ -603,17 +599,15 @@ class RoomStore(RoomWorkerStore, SearchStore):
             txn.execute(sql, (event.event_id, event.room_id, event.content[key]))
 
     def _store_retention_policy_for_room_txn(self, txn, event):
-        if (
-            hasattr(event, "content")
-            and ("min_lifetime" in event.content or "max_lifetime" in event.content)
+        if hasattr(event, "content") and (
+            "min_lifetime" in event.content or "max_lifetime" in event.content
         ):
             if (
-                ("min_lifetime" in event.content and not isinstance(
-                    event.content.get("min_lifetime"), integer_types
-                ))
-                or ("max_lifetime" in event.content and not isinstance(
-                    event.content.get("max_lifetime"), integer_types
-                ))
+                "min_lifetime" in event.content
+                and not isinstance(event.content.get("min_lifetime"), integer_types)
+            ) or (
+                "max_lifetime" in event.content
+                and not isinstance(event.content.get("max_lifetime"), integer_types)
             ):
                 # Ignore the event if one of the value isn't an integer.
                 return
@@ -816,7 +810,9 @@ class RoomStore(RoomWorkerStore, SearchStore):
         return local_media_mxcs, remote_media_mxcs
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_rooms_for_retention_period_in_range(self, min_ms, max_ms, include_null=False):
+    def get_rooms_for_retention_period_in_range(
+        self, min_ms, max_ms, include_null=False
+    ):
         """Retrieves all of the rooms within the given retention range.
 
         Optionally includes the rooms which don't have a retention policy.
diff --git a/synapse/storage/roommember.py b/synapse/storage/roommember.py
index 7617913326..8004aeb909 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/roommember.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/roommember.py
@@ -420,7 +420,7 @@ class RoomMemberWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore):
                 table="room_memberships",
                 column="event_id",
                 iterable=missing_member_event_ids,
-                retcols=('user_id', 'display_name', 'avatar_url'),
+                retcols=("user_id", "display_name", "avatar_url"),
                 keyvalues={"membership": Membership.JOIN},
                 batch_size=500,
                 desc="_get_joined_users_from_context",
@@ -448,7 +448,7 @@ class RoomMemberWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore):
 
     @cachedInlineCallbacks(max_entries=10000)
     def is_host_joined(self, room_id, host):
-        if '%' in host or '_' in host:
+        if "%" in host or "_" in host:
             raise Exception("Invalid host name")
 
         sql = """
@@ -490,7 +490,7 @@ class RoomMemberWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore):
             Deferred: Resolves to True if the host is/was in the room, otherwise
             False.
         """
-        if '%' in host or '_' in host:
+        if "%" in host or "_" in host:
             raise Exception("Invalid host name")
 
         sql = """
@@ -723,7 +723,7 @@ class RoomMemberStore(RoomMemberWorkerStore):
                 room_id = row["room_id"]
                 try:
                     event_json = json.loads(row["json"])
-                    content = event_json['content']
+                    content = event_json["content"]
                 except Exception:
                     continue
 
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/20/pushers.py b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/20/pushers.py
index 147496a38b..3edfcfd783 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/20/pushers.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/20/pushers.py
@@ -29,7 +29,8 @@ logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 def run_create(cur, database_engine, *args, **kwargs):
     logger.info("Porting pushers table...")
-    cur.execute("""
+    cur.execute(
+        """
         CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS pushers2 (
           id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY,
           user_name TEXT NOT NULL,
@@ -48,27 +49,34 @@ def run_create(cur, database_engine, *args, **kwargs):
           failing_since BIGINT,
           UNIQUE (app_id, pushkey, user_name)
         )
-    """)
-    cur.execute("""SELECT
+    """
+    )
+    cur.execute(
+        """SELECT
         id, user_name, access_token, profile_tag, kind,
         app_id, app_display_name, device_display_name,
         pushkey, ts, lang, data, last_token, last_success,
         failing_since
         FROM pushers
-    """)
+    """
+    )
     count = 0
     for row in cur.fetchall():
         row = list(row)
         row[8] = bytes(row[8]).decode("utf-8")
         row[11] = bytes(row[11]).decode("utf-8")
-        cur.execute(database_engine.convert_param_style("""
+        cur.execute(
+            database_engine.convert_param_style(
+                """
             INSERT into pushers2 (
             id, user_name, access_token, profile_tag, kind,
             app_id, app_display_name, device_display_name,
             pushkey, ts, lang, data, last_token, last_success,
             failing_since
-            ) values (%s)""" % (','.join(['?' for _ in range(len(row))]))),
-            row
+            ) values (%s)"""
+                % (",".join(["?" for _ in range(len(row))]))
+            ),
+            row,
         )
         count += 1
     cur.execute("DROP TABLE pushers")
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/30/as_users.py b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/30/as_users.py
index ef7ec34346..9b95411fb6 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/30/as_users.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/30/as_users.py
@@ -40,9 +40,7 @@ def run_upgrade(cur, database_engine, config, *args, **kwargs):
         logger.warning("Could not get app_service_config_files from config")
         pass
 
-    appservices = load_appservices(
-        config.server_name, config_files
-    )
+    appservices = load_appservices(config.server_name, config_files)
 
     owned = {}
 
@@ -53,20 +51,19 @@ def run_upgrade(cur, database_engine, config, *args, **kwargs):
                 if user_id in owned.keys():
                     logger.error(
                         "user_id %s was owned by more than one application"
-                        " service (IDs %s and %s); assigning arbitrarily to %s" %
-                        (user_id, owned[user_id], appservice.id, owned[user_id])
+                        " service (IDs %s and %s); assigning arbitrarily to %s"
+                        % (user_id, owned[user_id], appservice.id, owned[user_id])
                     )
                 owned.setdefault(appservice.id, []).append(user_id)
 
     for as_id, user_ids in owned.items():
         n = 100
-        user_chunks = (user_ids[i:i + 100] for i in range(0, len(user_ids), n))
+        user_chunks = (user_ids[i : i + 100] for i in range(0, len(user_ids), n))
         for chunk in user_chunks:
             cur.execute(
                 database_engine.convert_param_style(
-                    "UPDATE users SET appservice_id = ? WHERE name IN (%s)" % (
-                        ",".join("?" for _ in chunk),
-                    )
+                    "UPDATE users SET appservice_id = ? WHERE name IN (%s)"
+                    % (",".join("?" for _ in chunk),)
                 ),
-                [as_id] + chunk
+                [as_id] + chunk,
             )
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/31/pushers.py b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/31/pushers.py
index 93367fa09e..9bb504aad5 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/31/pushers.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/31/pushers.py
@@ -24,12 +24,13 @@ logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
 def token_to_stream_ordering(token):
-    return int(token[1:].split('_')[0])
+    return int(token[1:].split("_")[0])
 
 
 def run_create(cur, database_engine, *args, **kwargs):
     logger.info("Porting pushers table, delta 31...")
-    cur.execute("""
+    cur.execute(
+        """
         CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS pushers2 (
           id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY,
           user_name TEXT NOT NULL,
@@ -48,26 +49,33 @@ def run_create(cur, database_engine, *args, **kwargs):
           failing_since BIGINT,
           UNIQUE (app_id, pushkey, user_name)
         )
-    """)
-    cur.execute("""SELECT
+    """
+    )
+    cur.execute(
+        """SELECT
         id, user_name, access_token, profile_tag, kind,
         app_id, app_display_name, device_display_name,
         pushkey, ts, lang, data, last_token, last_success,
         failing_since
         FROM pushers
-    """)
+    """
+    )
     count = 0
     for row in cur.fetchall():
         row = list(row)
         row[12] = token_to_stream_ordering(row[12])
-        cur.execute(database_engine.convert_param_style("""
+        cur.execute(
+            database_engine.convert_param_style(
+                """
             INSERT into pushers2 (
             id, user_name, access_token, profile_tag, kind,
             app_id, app_display_name, device_display_name,
             pushkey, ts, lang, data, last_stream_ordering, last_success,
             failing_since
-            ) values (%s)""" % (','.join(['?' for _ in range(len(row))]))),
-            row
+            ) values (%s)"""
+                % (",".join(["?" for _ in range(len(row))]))
+            ),
+            row,
         )
         count += 1
     cur.execute("DROP TABLE pushers")
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/33/remote_media_ts.py b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/33/remote_media_ts.py
index 9754d3ccfb..a26057dfb6 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/33/remote_media_ts.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/33/remote_media_ts.py
@@ -26,5 +26,5 @@ def run_upgrade(cur, database_engine, *args, **kwargs):
         database_engine.convert_param_style(
             "UPDATE remote_media_cache SET last_access_ts = ?"
         ),
-        (int(time.time() * 1000),)
+        (int(time.time() * 1000),),
     )
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/47/state_group_seq.py b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/47/state_group_seq.py
index f6766501d2..9fd1ccf6f7 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/47/state_group_seq.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/47/state_group_seq.py
@@ -27,10 +27,7 @@ def run_create(cur, database_engine, *args, **kwargs):
         else:
             start_val = row[0] + 1
 
-        cur.execute(
-            "CREATE SEQUENCE state_group_id_seq START WITH %s",
-            (start_val, ),
-        )
+        cur.execute("CREATE SEQUENCE state_group_id_seq START WITH %s", (start_val,))
 
 
 def run_upgrade(*args, **kwargs):
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/48/group_unique_indexes.py b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/48/group_unique_indexes.py
index 2233af87d7..49f5f2c003 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/48/group_unique_indexes.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/48/group_unique_indexes.py
@@ -38,16 +38,22 @@ def run_create(cur, database_engine, *args, **kwargs):
     rowid = "ctid" if isinstance(database_engine, PostgresEngine) else "rowid"
 
     # remove duplicates from group_users & group_invites tables
-    cur.execute("""
+    cur.execute(
+        """
         DELETE FROM group_users WHERE %s NOT IN (
            SELECT min(%s) FROM group_users GROUP BY group_id, user_id
         );
-    """ % (rowid, rowid))
-    cur.execute("""
+    """
+        % (rowid, rowid)
+    )
+    cur.execute(
+        """
         DELETE FROM group_invites WHERE %s NOT IN (
            SELECT min(%s) FROM group_invites GROUP BY group_id, user_id
         );
-    """ % (rowid, rowid))
+    """
+        % (rowid, rowid)
+    )
 
     for statement in get_statements(FIX_INDEXES.splitlines()):
         cur.execute(statement)
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/50/make_event_content_nullable.py b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/50/make_event_content_nullable.py
index 6dd467b6c5..b1684a8441 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/50/make_event_content_nullable.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/50/make_event_content_nullable.py
@@ -65,14 +65,18 @@ def run_create(cur, database_engine, *args, **kwargs):
 
 def run_upgrade(cur, database_engine, *args, **kwargs):
     if isinstance(database_engine, PostgresEngine):
-        cur.execute("""
+        cur.execute(
+            """
             ALTER TABLE events ALTER COLUMN content DROP NOT NULL;
-        """)
+        """
+        )
         return
 
     # sqlite is an arse about this. ref: https://www.sqlite.org/lang_altertable.html
 
-    cur.execute("SELECT sql FROM sqlite_master WHERE tbl_name='events' AND type='table'")
+    cur.execute(
+        "SELECT sql FROM sqlite_master WHERE tbl_name='events' AND type='table'"
+    )
     (oldsql,) = cur.fetchone()
 
     sql = oldsql.replace("content TEXT NOT NULL", "content TEXT")
@@ -86,7 +90,7 @@ def run_upgrade(cur, database_engine, *args, **kwargs):
     cur.execute("PRAGMA writable_schema=ON")
     cur.execute(
         "UPDATE sqlite_master SET sql=? WHERE tbl_name='events' AND type='table'",
-        (sql, ),
+        (sql,),
     )
     cur.execute("PRAGMA schema_version=%i" % (oldver + 1,))
     cur.execute("PRAGMA writable_schema=OFF")
diff --git a/synapse/storage/search.py b/synapse/storage/search.py
index 10a27c207a..f3b1cec933 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/search.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/search.py
@@ -31,8 +31,8 @@ from .background_updates import BackgroundUpdateStore
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 SearchEntry = namedtuple(
-    'SearchEntry',
-    ['key', 'value', 'event_id', 'room_id', 'stream_ordering', 'origin_server_ts'],
+    "SearchEntry",
+    ["key", "value", "event_id", "room_id", "stream_ordering", "origin_server_ts"],
 )
 
 
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ class SearchStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
         target_min_stream_id = progress["target_min_stream_id_inclusive"]
         max_stream_id = progress["max_stream_id_exclusive"]
         rows_inserted = progress.get("rows_inserted", 0)
-        have_added_index = progress['have_added_indexes']
+        have_added_index = progress["have_added_indexes"]
 
         if not have_added_index:
 
diff --git a/synapse/storage/stats.py b/synapse/storage/stats.py
index ff266b09b0..1cec84ee2e 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/stats.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/stats.py
@@ -71,7 +71,8 @@ class StatsStore(StateDeltasStore):
         # Get all the rooms that we want to process.
         def _make_staging_area(txn):
             # Create the temporary tables
-            stmts = get_statements("""
+            stmts = get_statements(
+                """
                 -- We just recreate the table, we'll be reinserting the
                 -- correct entries again later anyway.
                 DROP TABLE IF EXISTS {temp}_rooms;
@@ -85,7 +86,10 @@ class StatsStore(StateDeltasStore):
                     ON {temp}_rooms(events);
                 CREATE INDEX {temp}_rooms_id
                     ON {temp}_rooms(room_id);
-            """.format(temp=TEMP_TABLE).splitlines())
+            """.format(
+                    temp=TEMP_TABLE
+                ).splitlines()
+            )
 
             for statement in stmts:
                 txn.execute(statement)
@@ -105,7 +109,9 @@ class StatsStore(StateDeltasStore):
                 LEFT JOIN room_stats_earliest_token AS t USING (room_id)
                 WHERE t.room_id IS NULL
                 GROUP BY c.room_id
-            """ % (TEMP_TABLE,)
+            """ % (
+                TEMP_TABLE,
+            )
             txn.execute(sql)
 
         new_pos = yield self.get_max_stream_id_in_current_state_deltas()
@@ -184,7 +190,8 @@ class StatsStore(StateDeltasStore):
 
         logger.info(
             "Processing the next %d rooms of %d remaining",
-            len(rooms_to_work_on), progress["remaining"],
+            len(rooms_to_work_on),
+            progress["remaining"],
         )
 
         # Number of state events we've processed by going through each room
@@ -204,10 +211,17 @@ class StatsStore(StateDeltasStore):
             avatar_id = current_state_ids.get((EventTypes.RoomAvatar, ""))
             canonical_alias_id = current_state_ids.get((EventTypes.CanonicalAlias, ""))
 
-            state_events = yield self.get_events([
-                join_rules_id, history_visibility_id, encryption_id, name_id,
-                topic_id, avatar_id, canonical_alias_id,
-            ])
+            state_events = yield self.get_events(
+                [
+                    join_rules_id,
+                    history_visibility_id,
+                    encryption_id,
+                    name_id,
+                    topic_id,
+                    avatar_id,
+                    canonical_alias_id,
+                ]
+            )
 
             def _get_or_none(event_id, arg):
                 event = state_events.get(event_id)
@@ -271,7 +285,7 @@ class StatsStore(StateDeltasStore):
 
                 # We've finished a room. Delete it from the table.
                 self._simple_delete_one_txn(
-                    txn, TEMP_TABLE + "_rooms", {"room_id": room_id},
+                    txn, TEMP_TABLE + "_rooms", {"room_id": room_id}
                 )
 
             yield self.runInteraction("update_room_stats", _fetch_data)
@@ -338,7 +352,7 @@ class StatsStore(StateDeltasStore):
             "name",
             "topic",
             "avatar",
-            "canonical_alias"
+            "canonical_alias",
         ):
             field = fields.get(col)
             if field and "\0" in field:
diff --git a/synapse/storage/stream.py b/synapse/storage/stream.py
index 6f7f65d96b..d9482a3843 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/stream.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/stream.py
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ _EventDictReturn = namedtuple(
 
 
 def generate_pagination_where_clause(
-    direction, column_names, from_token, to_token, engine,
+    direction, column_names, from_token, to_token, engine
 ):
     """Creates an SQL expression to bound the columns by the pagination
     tokens.
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ def _make_generic_sql_bound(bound, column_names, values, engine):
         str
     """
 
-    assert(bound in (">", "<", ">=", "<="))
+    assert bound in (">", "<", ">=", "<=")
 
     name1, name2 = column_names
     val1, val2 = values
@@ -169,11 +169,7 @@ def _make_generic_sql_bound(bound, column_names, values, engine):
         # Postgres doesn't optimise ``(x < a) OR (x=a AND y<b)`` as well
         # as it optimises ``(x,y) < (a,b)`` on multicolumn indexes. So we
         # use the later form when running against postgres.
-        return "((%d,%d) %s (%s,%s))" % (
-            val1, val2,
-            bound,
-            name1, name2,
-        )
+        return "((%d,%d) %s (%s,%s))" % (val1, val2, bound, name1, name2)
 
     # We want to generate queries of e.g. the form:
     #
@@ -276,7 +272,7 @@ class StreamWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_room_events_stream_for_rooms(
-        self, room_ids, from_key, to_key, limit=0, order='DESC'
+        self, room_ids, from_key, to_key, limit=0, order="DESC"
     ):
         """Get new room events in stream ordering since `from_key`.
 
@@ -346,7 +342,7 @@ class StreamWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_room_events_stream_for_room(
-        self, room_id, from_key, to_key, limit=0, order='DESC'
+        self, room_id, from_key, to_key, limit=0, order="DESC"
     ):
 
         """Get new room events in stream ordering since `from_key`.
@@ -395,8 +391,8 @@ class StreamWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
 
         rows = yield self.runInteraction("get_room_events_stream_for_room", f)
 
-        ret = yield self.get_events_as_list([
-            r.event_id for r in rows], get_prev_content=True,
+        ret = yield self.get_events_as_list(
+            [r.event_id for r in rows], get_prev_content=True
         )
 
         self._set_before_and_after(ret, rows, topo_order=from_id is None)
@@ -446,7 +442,7 @@ class StreamWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
         rows = yield self.runInteraction("get_membership_changes_for_user", f)
 
         ret = yield self.get_events_as_list(
-            [r.event_id for r in rows], get_prev_content=True,
+            [r.event_id for r in rows], get_prev_content=True
         )
 
         self._set_before_and_after(ret, rows, topo_order=False)
@@ -725,7 +721,7 @@ class StreamWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
             txn,
             room_id,
             before_token,
-            direction='b',
+            direction="b",
             limit=before_limit,
             event_filter=event_filter,
         )
@@ -735,7 +731,7 @@ class StreamWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
             txn,
             room_id,
             after_token,
-            direction='f',
+            direction="f",
             limit=after_limit,
             event_filter=event_filter,
         )
@@ -816,7 +812,7 @@ class StreamWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
         room_id,
         from_token,
         to_token=None,
-        direction='b',
+        direction="b",
         limit=-1,
         event_filter=None,
     ):
@@ -846,7 +842,7 @@ class StreamWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
         # the convention of pointing to the event before the gap. Hence
         # we have a bit of asymmetry when it comes to equalities.
         args = [False, room_id]
-        if direction == 'b':
+        if direction == "b":
             order = "DESC"
         else:
             order = "ASC"
@@ -882,7 +878,7 @@ class StreamWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
         if rows:
             topo = rows[-1].topological_ordering
             toke = rows[-1].stream_ordering
-            if direction == 'b':
+            if direction == "b":
                 # Tokens are positions between events.
                 # This token points *after* the last event in the chunk.
                 # We need it to point to the event before it in the chunk
@@ -898,7 +894,7 @@ class StreamWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def paginate_room_events(
-        self, room_id, from_key, to_key=None, direction='b', limit=-1, event_filter=None
+        self, room_id, from_key, to_key=None, direction="b", limit=-1, event_filter=None
     ):
         """Returns list of events before or after a given token.
 
diff --git a/synapse/streams/config.py b/synapse/streams/config.py
index 451e4fa441..f7f5906a99 100644
--- a/synapse/streams/config.py
+++ b/synapse/streams/config.py
@@ -30,34 +30,34 @@ class SourcePaginationConfig(object):
     """A configuration object which stores pagination parameters for a
     specific event source."""
 
-    def __init__(self, from_key=None, to_key=None, direction='f',
-                 limit=None):
+    def __init__(self, from_key=None, to_key=None, direction="f", limit=None):
         self.from_key = from_key
         self.to_key = to_key
-        self.direction = 'f' if direction == 'f' else 'b'
+        self.direction = "f" if direction == "f" else "b"
         self.limit = min(int(limit), MAX_LIMIT) if limit is not None else None
 
     def __repr__(self):
-        return (
-            "StreamConfig(from_key=%r, to_key=%r, direction=%r, limit=%r)"
-        ) % (self.from_key, self.to_key, self.direction, self.limit)
+        return ("StreamConfig(from_key=%r, to_key=%r, direction=%r, limit=%r)") % (
+            self.from_key,
+            self.to_key,
+            self.direction,
+            self.limit,
+        )
 
 
 class PaginationConfig(object):
 
     """A configuration object which stores pagination parameters."""
 
-    def __init__(self, from_token=None, to_token=None, direction='f',
-                 limit=None):
+    def __init__(self, from_token=None, to_token=None, direction="f", limit=None):
         self.from_token = from_token
         self.to_token = to_token
-        self.direction = 'f' if direction == 'f' else 'b'
+        self.direction = "f" if direction == "f" else "b"
         self.limit = min(int(limit), MAX_LIMIT) if limit is not None else None
 
     @classmethod
-    def from_request(cls, request, raise_invalid_params=True,
-                     default_limit=None):
-        direction = parse_string(request, "dir", default='f', allowed_values=['f', 'b'])
+    def from_request(cls, request, raise_invalid_params=True, default_limit=None):
+        direction = parse_string(request, "dir", default="f", allowed_values=["f", "b"])
 
         from_tok = parse_string(request, "from")
         to_tok = parse_string(request, "to")
@@ -89,8 +89,7 @@ class PaginationConfig(object):
 
     def __repr__(self):
         return (
-            "PaginationConfig(from_tok=%r, to_tok=%r,"
-            " direction=%r, limit=%r)"
+            "PaginationConfig(from_tok=%r, to_tok=%r," " direction=%r, limit=%r)"
         ) % (self.from_token, self.to_token, self.direction, self.limit)
 
     def get_source_config(self, source_name):
diff --git a/synapse/streams/events.py b/synapse/streams/events.py
index e5220132a3..9b416f2f40 100644
--- a/synapse/streams/events.py
+++ b/synapse/streams/events.py
@@ -34,8 +34,7 @@ class EventSources(object):
 
     def __init__(self, hs):
         self.sources = {
-            name: cls(hs)
-            for name, cls in EventSources.SOURCE_TYPES.items()
+            name: cls(hs) for name, cls in EventSources.SOURCE_TYPES.items()
         }
         self.store = hs.get_datastore()
 
@@ -47,21 +46,11 @@ class EventSources(object):
         groups_key = self.store.get_group_stream_token()
 
         token = StreamToken(
-            room_key=(
-                yield self.sources["room"].get_current_key()
-            ),
-            presence_key=(
-                yield self.sources["presence"].get_current_key()
-            ),
-            typing_key=(
-                yield self.sources["typing"].get_current_key()
-            ),
-            receipt_key=(
-                yield self.sources["receipt"].get_current_key()
-            ),
-            account_data_key=(
-                yield self.sources["account_data"].get_current_key()
-            ),
+            room_key=(yield self.sources["room"].get_current_key()),
+            presence_key=(yield self.sources["presence"].get_current_key()),
+            typing_key=(yield self.sources["typing"].get_current_key()),
+            receipt_key=(yield self.sources["receipt"].get_current_key()),
+            account_data_key=(yield self.sources["account_data"].get_current_key()),
             push_rules_key=push_rules_key,
             to_device_key=to_device_key,
             device_list_key=device_list_key,
@@ -77,21 +66,11 @@ class EventSources(object):
         groups_key = self.store.get_group_stream_token()
 
         token = StreamToken(
-            room_key=(
-                yield self.sources["room"].get_current_key_for_room(room_id)
-            ),
-            presence_key=(
-                yield self.sources["presence"].get_current_key()
-            ),
-            typing_key=(
-                yield self.sources["typing"].get_current_key()
-            ),
-            receipt_key=(
-                yield self.sources["receipt"].get_current_key()
-            ),
-            account_data_key=(
-                yield self.sources["account_data"].get_current_key()
-            ),
+            room_key=(yield self.sources["room"].get_current_key_for_room(room_id)),
+            presence_key=(yield self.sources["presence"].get_current_key()),
+            typing_key=(yield self.sources["typing"].get_current_key()),
+            receipt_key=(yield self.sources["receipt"].get_current_key()),
+            account_data_key=(yield self.sources["account_data"].get_current_key()),
             push_rules_key=push_rules_key,
             to_device_key=to_device_key,
             device_list_key=device_list_key,
diff --git a/synapse/third_party_rules/access_rules.py b/synapse/third_party_rules/access_rules.py
index bd79de845f..253bba664b 100644
--- a/synapse/third_party_rules/access_rules.py
+++ b/synapse/third_party_rules/access_rules.py
@@ -44,9 +44,7 @@ VALID_ACCESS_RULES = (
 #  * the default power level for users (users_default) being set to anything other than 0.
 #  * a non-default power level being assigned to any user which would be forbidden from
 #     joining a restricted room.
-RULES_WITH_RESTRICTED_POWER_LEVELS = (
-    ACCESS_RULE_UNRESTRICTED,
-)
+RULES_WITH_RESTRICTED_POWER_LEVELS = (ACCESS_RULE_UNRESTRICTED,)
 
 
 class RoomAccessRules(object):
@@ -76,7 +74,7 @@ class RoomAccessRules(object):
         self.id_server = config["id_server"]
 
         self.domains_forbidden_when_restricted = config.get(
-            "domains_forbidden_when_restricted", [],
+            "domains_forbidden_when_restricted", []
         )
 
     @staticmethod
@@ -113,9 +111,8 @@ class RoomAccessRules(object):
                     raise SynapseError(400, "Invalid access rule")
 
                 # Make sure the rule is "direct" if the room is a direct chat.
-                if (
-                    (is_direct and access_rule != ACCESS_RULE_DIRECT)
-                    or (access_rule == ACCESS_RULE_DIRECT and not is_direct)
+                if (is_direct and access_rule != ACCESS_RULE_DIRECT) or (
+                    access_rule == ACCESS_RULE_DIRECT and not is_direct
                 ):
                     raise SynapseError(400, "Invalid access rule")
 
@@ -136,13 +133,13 @@ class RoomAccessRules(object):
             if not config.get("initial_state"):
                 config["initial_state"] = []
 
-            config["initial_state"].append({
-                "type": ACCESS_RULES_TYPE,
-                "state_key": "",
-                "content": {
-                    "rule": default_rule,
+            config["initial_state"].append(
+                {
+                    "type": ACCESS_RULES_TYPE,
+                    "state_key": "",
+                    "content": {"rule": default_rule},
                 }
-            })
+            )
 
             access_rule = default_rule
 
@@ -150,16 +147,13 @@ class RoomAccessRules(object):
         # rule, whether it's a user-defined one or the default one (i.e. if it involves
         # a "public" join rule, the access rule must be "restricted").
         if (
-            (
-                join_rule == JoinRules.PUBLIC
-                or preset == RoomCreationPreset.PUBLIC_CHAT
-            ) and access_rule != ACCESS_RULE_RESTRICTED
-        ):
+            join_rule == JoinRules.PUBLIC or preset == RoomCreationPreset.PUBLIC_CHAT
+        ) and access_rule != ACCESS_RULE_RESTRICTED:
             raise SynapseError(400, "Invalid access rule")
 
         # Check if the creator can override values for the power levels.
         allowed = self._is_power_level_content_allowed(
-            config.get("power_level_content_override", {}), access_rule,
+            config.get("power_level_content_override", {}), access_rule
         )
         if not allowed:
             raise SynapseError(400, "Invalid power levels content override")
@@ -202,10 +196,7 @@ class RoomAccessRules(object):
         # Get the HS this address belongs to from the identity server.
         res = yield self.http_client.get_json(
             "https://%s/_matrix/identity/api/v1/info" % (self.id_server,),
-            {
-                "medium": medium,
-                "address": address,
-            }
+            {"medium": medium, "address": address},
         )
 
         # Look for a domain that's not forbidden from being invited.
@@ -411,7 +402,7 @@ class RoomAccessRules(object):
             # user.
             target = event.state_key
             is_from_threepid_invite = self._is_invite_from_threepid(
-                event, threepid_tokens[0],
+                event, threepid_tokens[0]
             )
             if is_from_threepid_invite or target == existing_members[0]:
                 return True
@@ -438,11 +429,11 @@ class RoomAccessRules(object):
             return True
 
         # If users_default is explicitly set to a non-0 value, deny the event.
-        users_default = content.get('users_default', 0)
+        users_default = content.get("users_default", 0)
         if users_default:
             return False
 
-        users = content.get('users', {})
+        users = content.get("users", {})
         for user_id, power_level in users.items():
             server_name = get_domain_from_id(user_id)
             # Check the domain against the blacklist. If found, and the PL isn't 0, deny
@@ -477,7 +468,7 @@ class RoomAccessRules(object):
         Returns:
             bool, True if the event can be allowed, False otherwise.
         """
-        if event.content.get('join_rule') == JoinRules.PUBLIC:
+        if event.content.get("join_rule") == JoinRules.PUBLIC:
             return rule == ACCESS_RULE_RESTRICTED
 
         return True
@@ -586,8 +577,10 @@ class RoomAccessRules(object):
              invite (EventBase): The m.room.member event with "invite" membership.
              threepid_invite_token (str): The state key from the 3PID invite.
         """
-        token = invite.content.get(
-            "third_party_invite", {},
-        ).get("signed", {}).get("token", "")
+        token = (
+            invite.content.get("third_party_invite", {})
+            .get("signed", {})
+            .get("token", "")
+        )
 
         return token == threepid_invite_token
diff --git a/synapse/types.py b/synapse/types.py
index e6afc05cee..94c01b0a18 100644
--- a/synapse/types.py
+++ b/synapse/types.py
@@ -23,9 +23,11 @@ import attr
 from synapse.api.errors import SynapseError
 
 
-class Requester(namedtuple("Requester", [
-    "user", "access_token_id", "is_guest", "device_id", "app_service",
-])):
+class Requester(
+    namedtuple(
+        "Requester", ["user", "access_token_id", "is_guest", "device_id", "app_service"]
+    )
+):
     """
     Represents the user making a request
 
@@ -78,8 +80,9 @@ class Requester(namedtuple("Requester", [
         )
 
 
-def create_requester(user_id, access_token_id=None, is_guest=False,
-                     device_id=None, app_service=None):
+def create_requester(
+    user_id, access_token_id=None, is_guest=False, device_id=None, app_service=None
+):
     """
     Create a new ``Requester`` object
 
@@ -103,7 +106,7 @@ def get_domain_from_id(string):
     idx = string.find(":")
     if idx == -1:
         raise SynapseError(400, "Invalid ID: %r" % (string,))
-    return string[idx + 1:]
+    return string[idx + 1 :]
 
 
 def get_localpart_from_id(string):
@@ -113,9 +116,7 @@ def get_localpart_from_id(string):
     return string[1:idx]
 
 
-class DomainSpecificString(
-        namedtuple("DomainSpecificString", ("localpart", "domain"))
-):
+class DomainSpecificString(namedtuple("DomainSpecificString", ("localpart", "domain"))):
     """Common base class among ID/name strings that have a local part and a
     domain name, prefixed with a sigil.
 
@@ -143,16 +144,16 @@ class DomainSpecificString(
     def from_string(cls, s):
         """Parse the string given by 's' into a structure object."""
         if len(s) < 1 or s[0:1] != cls.SIGIL:
-            raise SynapseError(400, "Expected %s string to start with '%s'" % (
-                cls.__name__, cls.SIGIL,
-            ))
+            raise SynapseError(
+                400, "Expected %s string to start with '%s'" % (cls.__name__, cls.SIGIL)
+            )
 
-        parts = s[1:].split(':', 1)
+        parts = s[1:].split(":", 1)
         if len(parts) != 2:
             raise SynapseError(
-                400, "Expected %s of the form '%slocalname:domain'" % (
-                    cls.__name__, cls.SIGIL,
-                )
+                400,
+                "Expected %s of the form '%slocalname:domain'"
+                % (cls.__name__, cls.SIGIL),
             )
 
         domain = parts[1]
@@ -178,47 +179,50 @@ class DomainSpecificString(
 
 class UserID(DomainSpecificString):
     """Structure representing a user ID."""
+
     SIGIL = "@"
 
 
 class RoomAlias(DomainSpecificString):
     """Structure representing a room name."""
+
     SIGIL = "#"
 
 
 class RoomID(DomainSpecificString):
     """Structure representing a room id. """
+
     SIGIL = "!"
 
 
 class EventID(DomainSpecificString):
     """Structure representing an event id. """
+
     SIGIL = "$"
 
 
 class GroupID(DomainSpecificString):
     """Structure representing a group ID."""
+
     SIGIL = "+"
 
     @classmethod
     def from_string(cls, s):
         group_id = super(GroupID, cls).from_string(s)
         if not group_id.localpart:
-            raise SynapseError(
-                400,
-                "Group ID cannot be empty",
-            )
+            raise SynapseError(400, "Group ID cannot be empty")
 
         if contains_invalid_mxid_characters(group_id.localpart):
             raise SynapseError(
-                400,
-                "Group ID can only contain characters a-z, 0-9, or '=_-./'",
+                400, "Group ID can only contain characters a-z, 0-9, or '=_-./'"
             )
 
         return group_id
 
 
-mxid_localpart_allowed_characters = set("_-./=" + string.ascii_lowercase + string.digits)
+mxid_localpart_allowed_characters = set(
+    "_-./=" + string.ascii_lowercase + string.digits
+)
 
 
 def contains_invalid_mxid_characters(localpart):
@@ -260,9 +264,9 @@ UPPER_CASE_PATTERN = re.compile(b"[A-Z_]")
 #    bytes rather than strings
 #
 NON_MXID_CHARACTER_PATTERN = re.compile(
-    ("[^%s]" % (
-        re.escape("".join(mxid_localpart_allowed_characters - {"="}),),
-    )).encode("ascii"),
+    ("[^%s]" % (re.escape("".join(mxid_localpart_allowed_characters - {"="})),)).encode(
+        "ascii"
+    )
 )
 
 
@@ -281,10 +285,11 @@ def map_username_to_mxid_localpart(username, case_sensitive=False):
         unicode: string suitable for a mxid localpart
     """
     if not isinstance(username, bytes):
-        username = username.encode('utf-8')
+        username = username.encode("utf-8")
 
     # first we sort out upper-case characters
     if case_sensitive:
+
         def f1(m):
             return b"_" + m.group().lower()
 
@@ -304,25 +309,28 @@ def map_username_to_mxid_localpart(username, case_sensitive=False):
     username = NON_MXID_CHARACTER_PATTERN.sub(f2, username)
 
     # we also do the =-escaping to mxids starting with an underscore.
-    username = re.sub(b'^_', b'=5f', username)
+    username = re.sub(b"^_", b"=5f", username)
 
     # we should now only have ascii bytes left, so can decode back to a
     # unicode.
-    return username.decode('ascii')
+    return username.decode("ascii")
 
 
 class StreamToken(
-    namedtuple("Token", (
-        "room_key",
-        "presence_key",
-        "typing_key",
-        "receipt_key",
-        "account_data_key",
-        "push_rules_key",
-        "to_device_key",
-        "device_list_key",
-        "groups_key",
-    ))
+    namedtuple(
+        "Token",
+        (
+            "room_key",
+            "presence_key",
+            "typing_key",
+            "receipt_key",
+            "account_data_key",
+            "push_rules_key",
+            "to_device_key",
+            "device_list_key",
+            "groups_key",
+        ),
+    )
 ):
     _SEPARATOR = "_"
 
@@ -383,9 +391,7 @@ class StreamToken(
         return self._replace(**{key: new_value})
 
 
-StreamToken.START = StreamToken(
-    *(["s0"] + ["0"] * (len(StreamToken._fields) - 1))
-)
+StreamToken.START = StreamToken(*(["s0"] + ["0"] * (len(StreamToken._fields) - 1)))
 
 
 class RoomStreamToken(namedtuple("_StreamToken", "topological stream")):
@@ -410,15 +416,16 @@ class RoomStreamToken(namedtuple("_StreamToken", "topological stream")):
     "topological_ordering" id of the event it comes after, followed by "-",
     followed by the "stream_ordering" id of the event it comes after.
     """
+
     __slots__ = []
 
     @classmethod
     def parse(cls, string):
         try:
-            if string[0] == 's':
+            if string[0] == "s":
                 return cls(topological=None, stream=int(string[1:]))
-            if string[0] == 't':
-                parts = string[1:].split('-', 1)
+            if string[0] == "t":
+                parts = string[1:].split("-", 1)
                 return cls(topological=int(parts[0]), stream=int(parts[1]))
         except Exception:
             pass
@@ -427,7 +434,7 @@ class RoomStreamToken(namedtuple("_StreamToken", "topological stream")):
     @classmethod
     def parse_stream_token(cls, string):
         try:
-            if string[0] == 's':
+            if string[0] == "s":
                 return cls(topological=None, stream=int(string[1:]))
         except Exception:
             pass
@@ -441,7 +448,7 @@ class RoomStreamToken(namedtuple("_StreamToken", "topological stream")):
 
 
 class ThirdPartyInstanceID(
-        namedtuple("ThirdPartyInstanceID", ("appservice_id", "network_id"))
+    namedtuple("ThirdPartyInstanceID", ("appservice_id", "network_id"))
 ):
     # Deny iteration because it will bite you if you try to create a singleton
     # set by:
@@ -465,18 +472,19 @@ class ThirdPartyInstanceID(
         return cls(appservice_id=bits[0], network_id=bits[1])
 
     def to_string(self):
-        return "%s|%s" % (self.appservice_id, self.network_id,)
+        return "%s|%s" % (self.appservice_id, self.network_id)
 
     __str__ = to_string
 
     @classmethod
-    def create(cls, appservice_id, network_id,):
+    def create(cls, appservice_id, network_id):
         return cls(appservice_id=appservice_id, network_id=network_id)
 
 
 @attr.s(slots=True)
 class ReadReceipt(object):
     """Information about a read-receipt"""
+
     room_id = attr.ib()
     receipt_type = attr.ib()
     user_id = attr.ib()
diff --git a/synapse/util/__init__.py b/synapse/util/__init__.py
index 8f5a526800..762f876752 100644
--- a/synapse/util/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/util/__init__.py
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ class Clock(object):
     Args:
         reactor: The Twisted reactor to use.
     """
+
     _reactor = attr.ib()
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -72,9 +73,7 @@ class Clock(object):
         call = task.LoopingCall(f, *args, **kwargs)
         call.clock = self._reactor
         d = call.start(msec / 1000.0, now=False)
-        d.addErrback(
-            log_failure, "Looping call died", consumeErrors=False,
-        )
+        d.addErrback(log_failure, "Looping call died", consumeErrors=False)
         return call
 
     def call_later(self, delay, callback, *args, **kwargs):
@@ -86,6 +85,7 @@ class Clock(object):
             *args: Postional arguments to pass to function.
             **kwargs: Key arguments to pass to function.
         """
+
         def wrapped_callback(*args, **kwargs):
             with PreserveLoggingContext():
                 callback(*args, **kwargs)
@@ -131,12 +131,7 @@ def log_failure(failure, msg, consumeErrors=True):
     """
 
     logger.error(
-        msg,
-        exc_info=(
-            failure.type,
-            failure.value,
-            failure.getTracebackObject()
-        )
+        msg, exc_info=(failure.type, failure.value, failure.getTracebackObject())
     )
 
     if not consumeErrors:
@@ -154,12 +149,12 @@ def glob_to_regex(glob):
     Returns:
         re.RegexObject
     """
-    res = ''
+    res = ""
     for c in glob:
-        if c == '*':
-            res = res + '.*'
-        elif c == '?':
-            res = res + '.'
+        if c == "*":
+            res = res + ".*"
+        elif c == "?":
+            res = res + "."
         else:
             res = res + re.escape(c)
 
diff --git a/synapse/util/async_helpers.py b/synapse/util/async_helpers.py
index 7253ba120f..7757b8708a 100644
--- a/synapse/util/async_helpers.py
+++ b/synapse/util/async_helpers.py
@@ -95,6 +95,7 @@ class ObservableDeferred(object):
             def remove(r):
                 self._observers.discard(d)
                 return r
+
             d.addBoth(remove)
 
             self._observers.add(d)
@@ -123,7 +124,9 @@ class ObservableDeferred(object):
 
     def __repr__(self):
         return "<ObservableDeferred object at %s, result=%r, _deferred=%r>" % (
-            id(self), self._result, self._deferred,
+            id(self),
+            self._result,
+            self._deferred,
         )
 
 
@@ -150,10 +153,12 @@ def concurrently_execute(func, args, limit):
         except StopIteration:
             pass
 
-    return logcontext.make_deferred_yieldable(defer.gatherResults([
-        run_in_background(_concurrently_execute_inner)
-        for _ in range(limit)
-    ], consumeErrors=True)).addErrback(unwrapFirstError)
+    return logcontext.make_deferred_yieldable(
+        defer.gatherResults(
+            [run_in_background(_concurrently_execute_inner) for _ in range(limit)],
+            consumeErrors=True,
+        )
+    ).addErrback(unwrapFirstError)
 
 
 def yieldable_gather_results(func, iter, *args, **kwargs):
@@ -169,10 +174,12 @@ def yieldable_gather_results(func, iter, *args, **kwargs):
         Deferred[list]: Resolved when all functions have been invoked, or errors if
         one of the function calls fails.
     """
-    return logcontext.make_deferred_yieldable(defer.gatherResults([
-        run_in_background(func, item, *args, **kwargs)
-        for item in iter
-    ], consumeErrors=True)).addErrback(unwrapFirstError)
+    return logcontext.make_deferred_yieldable(
+        defer.gatherResults(
+            [run_in_background(func, item, *args, **kwargs) for item in iter],
+            consumeErrors=True,
+        )
+    ).addErrback(unwrapFirstError)
 
 
 class Linearizer(object):
@@ -185,6 +192,7 @@ class Linearizer(object):
             # do some work.
 
     """
+
     def __init__(self, name=None, max_count=1, clock=None):
         """
         Args:
@@ -197,6 +205,7 @@ class Linearizer(object):
 
         if not clock:
             from twisted.internet import reactor
+
             clock = Clock(reactor)
         self._clock = clock
         self.max_count = max_count
@@ -221,7 +230,7 @@ class Linearizer(object):
             res = self._await_lock(key)
         else:
             logger.debug(
-                "Acquired uncontended linearizer lock %r for key %r", self.name, key,
+                "Acquired uncontended linearizer lock %r for key %r", self.name, key
             )
             entry[0] += 1
             res = defer.succeed(None)
@@ -266,9 +275,7 @@ class Linearizer(object):
         """
         entry = self.key_to_defer[key]
 
-        logger.debug(
-            "Waiting to acquire linearizer lock %r for key %r", self.name, key,
-        )
+        logger.debug("Waiting to acquire linearizer lock %r for key %r", self.name, key)
 
         new_defer = make_deferred_yieldable(defer.Deferred())
         entry[1][new_defer] = 1
@@ -293,14 +300,14 @@ class Linearizer(object):
             logger.info("defer %r got err %r", new_defer, e)
             if isinstance(e, CancelledError):
                 logger.debug(
-                    "Cancelling wait for linearizer lock %r for key %r",
-                    self.name, key,
+                    "Cancelling wait for linearizer lock %r for key %r", self.name, key
                 )
 
             else:
                 logger.warn(
                     "Unexpected exception waiting for linearizer lock %r for key %r",
-                    self.name, key,
+                    self.name,
+                    key,
                 )
 
             # we just have to take ourselves back out of the queue.
@@ -438,7 +445,7 @@ def timeout_deferred(deferred, timeout, reactor, on_timeout_cancel=None):
 
         try:
             deferred.cancel()
-        except:   # noqa: E722, if we throw any exception it'll break time outs
+        except:  # noqa: E722, if we throw any exception it'll break time outs
             logger.exception("Canceller failed during timeout")
 
         if not new_d.called:
diff --git a/synapse/util/caches/__init__.py b/synapse/util/caches/__init__.py
index f37d5bec08..8271229015 100644
--- a/synapse/util/caches/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/util/caches/__init__.py
@@ -104,8 +104,8 @@ def register_cache(cache_type, cache_name, cache):
 
 
 KNOWN_KEYS = {
-    key: key for key in
-    (
+    key: key
+    for key in (
         "auth_events",
         "content",
         "depth",
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ def intern_dict(dictionary):
 
 
 def _intern_known_values(key, value):
-    intern_keys = ("event_id", "room_id", "sender", "user_id", "type", "state_key",)
+    intern_keys = ("event_id", "room_id", "sender", "user_id", "type", "state_key")
 
     if key in intern_keys:
         return intern_string(value)
diff --git a/synapse/util/caches/descriptors.py b/synapse/util/caches/descriptors.py
index 187510576a..d2f25063aa 100644
--- a/synapse/util/caches/descriptors.py
+++ b/synapse/util/caches/descriptors.py
@@ -40,9 +40,7 @@ _CacheSentinel = object()
 
 
 class CacheEntry(object):
-    __slots__ = [
-        "deferred", "callbacks", "invalidated"
-    ]
+    __slots__ = ["deferred", "callbacks", "invalidated"]
 
     def __init__(self, deferred, callbacks):
         self.deferred = deferred
@@ -73,7 +71,9 @@ class Cache(object):
         self._pending_deferred_cache = cache_type()
 
         self.cache = LruCache(
-            max_size=max_entries, keylen=keylen, cache_type=cache_type,
+            max_size=max_entries,
+            keylen=keylen,
+            cache_type=cache_type,
             size_callback=(lambda d: len(d)) if iterable else None,
             evicted_callback=self._on_evicted,
         )
@@ -133,10 +133,7 @@ class Cache(object):
     def set(self, key, value, callback=None):
         callbacks = [callback] if callback else []
         self.check_thread()
-        entry = CacheEntry(
-            deferred=value,
-            callbacks=callbacks,
-        )
+        entry = CacheEntry(deferred=value, callbacks=callbacks)
 
         existing_entry = self._pending_deferred_cache.pop(key, None)
         if existing_entry:
@@ -191,9 +188,7 @@ class Cache(object):
     def invalidate_many(self, key):
         self.check_thread()
         if not isinstance(key, tuple):
-            raise TypeError(
-                "The cache key must be a tuple not %r" % (type(key),)
-            )
+            raise TypeError("The cache key must be a tuple not %r" % (type(key),))
         self.cache.del_multi(key)
 
         # if we have a pending lookup for this key, remove it from the
@@ -244,29 +239,25 @@ class _CacheDescriptorBase(object):
             raise Exception(
                 "Not enough explicit positional arguments to key off for %r: "
                 "got %i args, but wanted %i. (@cached cannot key off *args or "
-                "**kwargs)"
-                % (orig.__name__, len(all_args), num_args)
+                "**kwargs)" % (orig.__name__, len(all_args), num_args)
             )
 
         self.num_args = num_args
 
         # list of the names of the args used as the cache key
-        self.arg_names = all_args[1:num_args + 1]
+        self.arg_names = all_args[1 : num_args + 1]
 
         # self.arg_defaults is a map of arg name to its default value for each
         # argument that has a default value
         if arg_spec.defaults:
-            self.arg_defaults = dict(zip(
-                all_args[-len(arg_spec.defaults):],
-                arg_spec.defaults
-            ))
+            self.arg_defaults = dict(
+                zip(all_args[-len(arg_spec.defaults) :], arg_spec.defaults)
+            )
         else:
             self.arg_defaults = {}
 
         if "cache_context" in self.arg_names:
-            raise Exception(
-                "cache_context arg cannot be included among the cache keys"
-            )
+            raise Exception("cache_context arg cannot be included among the cache keys")
 
         self.add_cache_context = cache_context
 
@@ -304,12 +295,24 @@ class CacheDescriptor(_CacheDescriptorBase):
             ``cache_context``) to use as cache keys. Defaults to all named
             args of the function.
     """
-    def __init__(self, orig, max_entries=1000, num_args=None, tree=False,
-                 inlineCallbacks=False, cache_context=False, iterable=False):
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        orig,
+        max_entries=1000,
+        num_args=None,
+        tree=False,
+        inlineCallbacks=False,
+        cache_context=False,
+        iterable=False,
+    ):
 
         super(CacheDescriptor, self).__init__(
-            orig, num_args=num_args, inlineCallbacks=inlineCallbacks,
-            cache_context=cache_context)
+            orig,
+            num_args=num_args,
+            inlineCallbacks=inlineCallbacks,
+            cache_context=cache_context,
+        )
 
         max_entries = int(max_entries * get_cache_factor_for(orig.__name__))
 
@@ -356,7 +359,9 @@ class CacheDescriptor(_CacheDescriptorBase):
                     return args[0]
                 else:
                     return self.arg_defaults[nm]
+
         else:
+
             def get_cache_key(args, kwargs):
                 return tuple(get_cache_key_gen(args, kwargs))
 
@@ -383,8 +388,7 @@ class CacheDescriptor(_CacheDescriptorBase):
 
             except KeyError:
                 ret = defer.maybeDeferred(
-                    logcontext.preserve_fn(self.function_to_call),
-                    obj, *args, **kwargs
+                    logcontext.preserve_fn(self.function_to_call), obj, *args, **kwargs
                 )
 
                 def onErr(f):
@@ -437,8 +441,9 @@ class CacheListDescriptor(_CacheDescriptorBase):
     results.
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, orig, cached_method_name, list_name, num_args=None,
-                 inlineCallbacks=False):
+    def __init__(
+        self, orig, cached_method_name, list_name, num_args=None, inlineCallbacks=False
+    ):
         """
         Args:
             orig (function)
@@ -451,7 +456,8 @@ class CacheListDescriptor(_CacheDescriptorBase):
                 be wrapped by defer.inlineCallbacks
         """
         super(CacheListDescriptor, self).__init__(
-            orig, num_args=num_args, inlineCallbacks=inlineCallbacks)
+            orig, num_args=num_args, inlineCallbacks=inlineCallbacks
+        )
 
         self.list_name = list_name
 
@@ -463,7 +469,7 @@ class CacheListDescriptor(_CacheDescriptorBase):
         if self.list_name not in self.arg_names:
             raise Exception(
                 "Couldn't see arguments %r for %r."
-                % (self.list_name, cached_method_name,)
+                % (self.list_name, cached_method_name)
             )
 
     def __get__(self, obj, objtype=None):
@@ -494,8 +500,10 @@ class CacheListDescriptor(_CacheDescriptorBase):
             # If the cache takes a single arg then that is used as the key,
             # otherwise a tuple is used.
             if num_args == 1:
+
                 def arg_to_cache_key(arg):
                     return arg
+
             else:
                 keylist = list(keyargs)
 
@@ -505,8 +513,7 @@ class CacheListDescriptor(_CacheDescriptorBase):
 
             for arg in list_args:
                 try:
-                    res = cache.get(arg_to_cache_key(arg),
-                                    callback=invalidate_callback)
+                    res = cache.get(arg_to_cache_key(arg), callback=invalidate_callback)
                     if not isinstance(res, ObservableDeferred):
                         results[arg] = res
                     elif not res.has_succeeded():
@@ -554,18 +561,15 @@ class CacheListDescriptor(_CacheDescriptorBase):
                 args_to_call = dict(arg_dict)
                 args_to_call[self.list_name] = list(missing)
 
-                cached_defers.append(defer.maybeDeferred(
-                    logcontext.preserve_fn(self.function_to_call),
-                    **args_to_call
-                ).addCallbacks(complete_all, errback))
+                cached_defers.append(
+                    defer.maybeDeferred(
+                        logcontext.preserve_fn(self.function_to_call), **args_to_call
+                    ).addCallbacks(complete_all, errback)
+                )
 
             if cached_defers:
-                d = defer.gatherResults(
-                    cached_defers,
-                    consumeErrors=True,
-                ).addCallbacks(
-                    lambda _: results,
-                    unwrapFirstError
+                d = defer.gatherResults(cached_defers, consumeErrors=True).addCallbacks(
+                    lambda _: results, unwrapFirstError
                 )
                 return logcontext.make_deferred_yieldable(d)
             else:
@@ -586,8 +590,9 @@ class _CacheContext(namedtuple("_CacheContext", ("cache", "key"))):
         self.cache.invalidate(self.key)
 
 
-def cached(max_entries=1000, num_args=None, tree=False, cache_context=False,
-           iterable=False):
+def cached(
+    max_entries=1000, num_args=None, tree=False, cache_context=False, iterable=False
+):
     return lambda orig: CacheDescriptor(
         orig,
         max_entries=max_entries,
@@ -598,8 +603,9 @@ def cached(max_entries=1000, num_args=None, tree=False, cache_context=False,
     )
 
 
-def cachedInlineCallbacks(max_entries=1000, num_args=None, tree=False,
-                          cache_context=False, iterable=False):
+def cachedInlineCallbacks(
+    max_entries=1000, num_args=None, tree=False, cache_context=False, iterable=False
+):
     return lambda orig: CacheDescriptor(
         orig,
         max_entries=max_entries,
diff --git a/synapse/util/caches/dictionary_cache.py b/synapse/util/caches/dictionary_cache.py
index 6c0b5a4094..6834e6f3ae 100644
--- a/synapse/util/caches/dictionary_cache.py
+++ b/synapse/util/caches/dictionary_cache.py
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ class DictionaryEntry(namedtuple("DictionaryEntry", ("full", "known_absent", "va
             there.
         value (dict): The full or partial dict value
     """
+
     def __len__(self):
         return len(self.value)
 
@@ -84,13 +85,15 @@ class DictionaryCache(object):
             self.metrics.inc_hits()
 
             if dict_keys is None:
-                return DictionaryEntry(entry.full, entry.known_absent, dict(entry.value))
+                return DictionaryEntry(
+                    entry.full, entry.known_absent, dict(entry.value)
+                )
             else:
-                return DictionaryEntry(entry.full, entry.known_absent, {
-                    k: entry.value[k]
-                    for k in dict_keys
-                    if k in entry.value
-                })
+                return DictionaryEntry(
+                    entry.full,
+                    entry.known_absent,
+                    {k: entry.value[k] for k in dict_keys if k in entry.value},
+                )
 
         self.metrics.inc_misses()
         return DictionaryEntry(False, set(), {})
diff --git a/synapse/util/caches/expiringcache.py b/synapse/util/caches/expiringcache.py
index f369780277..cddf1ed515 100644
--- a/synapse/util/caches/expiringcache.py
+++ b/synapse/util/caches/expiringcache.py
@@ -28,8 +28,15 @@ SENTINEL = object()
 
 
 class ExpiringCache(object):
-    def __init__(self, cache_name, clock, max_len=0, expiry_ms=0,
-                 reset_expiry_on_get=False, iterable=False):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        cache_name,
+        clock,
+        max_len=0,
+        expiry_ms=0,
+        reset_expiry_on_get=False,
+        iterable=False,
+    ):
         """
         Args:
             cache_name (str): Name of this cache, used for logging.
@@ -67,8 +74,7 @@ class ExpiringCache(object):
 
         def f():
             return run_as_background_process(
-                "prune_cache_%s" % self._cache_name,
-                self._prune_cache,
+                "prune_cache_%s" % self._cache_name, self._prune_cache
             )
 
         self._clock.looping_call(f, self._expiry_ms / 2)
@@ -153,7 +159,9 @@ class ExpiringCache(object):
 
         logger.debug(
             "[%s] _prune_cache before: %d, after len: %d",
-            self._cache_name, begin_length, len(self)
+            self._cache_name,
+            begin_length,
+            len(self),
         )
 
     def __len__(self):
diff --git a/synapse/util/caches/lrucache.py b/synapse/util/caches/lrucache.py
index b684f24e7b..1536cb64f3 100644
--- a/synapse/util/caches/lrucache.py
+++ b/synapse/util/caches/lrucache.py
@@ -49,8 +49,15 @@ class LruCache(object):
     Can also set callbacks on objects when getting/setting which are fired
     when that key gets invalidated/evicted.
     """
-    def __init__(self, max_size, keylen=1, cache_type=dict, size_callback=None,
-                 evicted_callback=None):
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        max_size,
+        keylen=1,
+        cache_type=dict,
+        size_callback=None,
+        evicted_callback=None,
+    ):
         """
         Args:
             max_size (int):
@@ -93,9 +100,12 @@ class LruCache(object):
 
         cached_cache_len = [0]
         if size_callback is not None:
+
             def cache_len():
                 return cached_cache_len[0]
+
         else:
+
             def cache_len():
                 return len(cache)
 
diff --git a/synapse/util/caches/response_cache.py b/synapse/util/caches/response_cache.py
index afb03b2e1b..e493d07b55 100644
--- a/synapse/util/caches/response_cache.py
+++ b/synapse/util/caches/response_cache.py
@@ -38,9 +38,7 @@ class ResponseCache(object):
         self.timeout_sec = timeout_ms / 1000.
 
         self._name = name
-        self._metrics = register_cache(
-            "response_cache", name, self
-        )
+        self._metrics = register_cache("response_cache", name, self)
 
     def size(self):
         return len(self.pending_result_cache)
@@ -100,8 +98,7 @@ class ResponseCache(object):
         def remove(r):
             if self.timeout_sec:
                 self.clock.call_later(
-                    self.timeout_sec,
-                    self.pending_result_cache.pop, key, None,
+                    self.timeout_sec, self.pending_result_cache.pop, key, None
                 )
             else:
                 self.pending_result_cache.pop(key, None)
@@ -147,14 +144,15 @@ class ResponseCache(object):
         """
         result = self.get(key)
         if not result:
-            logger.info("[%s]: no cached result for [%s], calculating new one",
-                        self._name, key)
+            logger.info(
+                "[%s]: no cached result for [%s], calculating new one", self._name, key
+            )
             d = run_in_background(callback, *args, **kwargs)
             result = self.set(key, d)
         elif not isinstance(result, defer.Deferred) or result.called:
-            logger.info("[%s]: using completed cached result for [%s]",
-                        self._name, key)
+            logger.info("[%s]: using completed cached result for [%s]", self._name, key)
         else:
-            logger.info("[%s]: using incomplete cached result for [%s]",
-                        self._name, key)
+            logger.info(
+                "[%s]: using incomplete cached result for [%s]", self._name, key
+            )
         return make_deferred_yieldable(result)
diff --git a/synapse/util/caches/stream_change_cache.py b/synapse/util/caches/stream_change_cache.py
index 625aedc940..235f64049c 100644
--- a/synapse/util/caches/stream_change_cache.py
+++ b/synapse/util/caches/stream_change_cache.py
@@ -77,9 +77,8 @@ class StreamChangeCache(object):
 
         if stream_pos >= self._earliest_known_stream_pos:
             changed_entities = {
-                self._cache[k] for k in self._cache.islice(
-                    start=self._cache.bisect_right(stream_pos),
-                )
+                self._cache[k]
+                for k in self._cache.islice(start=self._cache.bisect_right(stream_pos))
             }
 
             result = changed_entities.intersection(entities)
@@ -114,8 +113,10 @@ class StreamChangeCache(object):
         assert type(stream_pos) is int
 
         if stream_pos >= self._earliest_known_stream_pos:
-            return [self._cache[k] for k in self._cache.islice(
-                start=self._cache.bisect_right(stream_pos))]
+            return [
+                self._cache[k]
+                for k in self._cache.islice(start=self._cache.bisect_right(stream_pos))
+            ]
         else:
             return None
 
@@ -136,7 +137,7 @@ class StreamChangeCache(object):
             while len(self._cache) > self._max_size:
                 k, r = self._cache.popitem(0)
                 self._earliest_known_stream_pos = max(
-                    k, self._earliest_known_stream_pos,
+                    k, self._earliest_known_stream_pos
                 )
                 self._entity_to_key.pop(r, None)
 
diff --git a/synapse/util/caches/treecache.py b/synapse/util/caches/treecache.py
index dd4c9e6067..9a72218d85 100644
--- a/synapse/util/caches/treecache.py
+++ b/synapse/util/caches/treecache.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ class TreeCache(object):
     efficiently.
     Keys must be tuples.
     """
+
     def __init__(self):
         self.size = 0
         self.root = {}
diff --git a/synapse/util/caches/ttlcache.py b/synapse/util/caches/ttlcache.py
index 5ba1862506..2af8ca43b1 100644
--- a/synapse/util/caches/ttlcache.py
+++ b/synapse/util/caches/ttlcache.py
@@ -155,6 +155,7 @@ class TTLCache(object):
 @attr.s(frozen=True, slots=True)
 class _CacheEntry(object):
     """TTLCache entry"""
+
     # expiry_time is the first attribute, so that entries are sorted by expiry.
     expiry_time = attr.ib()
     key = attr.ib()
diff --git a/synapse/util/distributor.py b/synapse/util/distributor.py
index e14c8bdfda..5a79db821c 100644
--- a/synapse/util/distributor.py
+++ b/synapse/util/distributor.py
@@ -51,9 +51,7 @@ class Distributor(object):
         if name in self.signals:
             raise KeyError("%r already has a signal named %s" % (self, name))
 
-        self.signals[name] = Signal(
-            name,
-        )
+        self.signals[name] = Signal(name)
 
         if name in self.pre_registration:
             signal = self.signals[name]
@@ -78,11 +76,7 @@ class Distributor(object):
         if name not in self.signals:
             raise KeyError("%r does not have a signal named %s" % (self, name))
 
-        run_as_background_process(
-            name,
-            self.signals[name].fire,
-            *args, **kwargs
-        )
+        run_as_background_process(name, self.signals[name].fire, *args, **kwargs)
 
 
 class Signal(object):
@@ -118,22 +112,23 @@ class Signal(object):
             def eb(failure):
                 logger.warning(
                     "%s signal observer %s failed: %r",
-                    self.name, observer, failure,
+                    self.name,
+                    observer,
+                    failure,
                     exc_info=(
                         failure.type,
                         failure.value,
-                        failure.getTracebackObject()))
+                        failure.getTracebackObject(),
+                    ),
+                )
 
             return defer.maybeDeferred(observer, *args, **kwargs).addErrback(eb)
 
-        deferreds = [
-            run_in_background(do, o)
-            for o in self.observers
-        ]
+        deferreds = [run_in_background(do, o) for o in self.observers]
 
-        return make_deferred_yieldable(defer.gatherResults(
-            deferreds, consumeErrors=True,
-        ))
+        return make_deferred_yieldable(
+            defer.gatherResults(deferreds, consumeErrors=True)
+        )
 
     def __repr__(self):
         return "<Signal name=%r>" % (self.name,)
diff --git a/synapse/util/frozenutils.py b/synapse/util/frozenutils.py
index 014edea971..635b897d6c 100644
--- a/synapse/util/frozenutils.py
+++ b/synapse/util/frozenutils.py
@@ -60,11 +60,10 @@ def _handle_frozendict(obj):
         # fishing the protected dict out of the object is a bit nasty,
         # but we don't really want the overhead of copying the dict.
         return obj._dict
-    raise TypeError('Object of type %s is not JSON serializable' %
-                    obj.__class__.__name__)
+    raise TypeError(
+        "Object of type %s is not JSON serializable" % obj.__class__.__name__
+    )
 
 
 # A JSONEncoder which is capable of encoding frozendics without barfing
-frozendict_json_encoder = json.JSONEncoder(
-    default=_handle_frozendict,
-)
+frozendict_json_encoder = json.JSONEncoder(default=_handle_frozendict)
diff --git a/synapse/util/httpresourcetree.py b/synapse/util/httpresourcetree.py
index 2d7ddc1cbe..1a20c596bf 100644
--- a/synapse/util/httpresourcetree.py
+++ b/synapse/util/httpresourcetree.py
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ def create_resource_tree(desired_tree, root_resource):
 
         logger.info("Attaching %s to path %s", res, full_path)
         last_resource = root_resource
-        for path_seg in full_path.split(b'/')[1:-1]:
+        for path_seg in full_path.split(b"/")[1:-1]:
             if path_seg not in last_resource.listNames():
                 # resource doesn't exist, so make a "dummy resource"
                 child_resource = NoResource()
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ def create_resource_tree(desired_tree, root_resource):
 
         # ===========================
         # now attach the actual desired resource
-        last_path_seg = full_path.split(b'/')[-1]
+        last_path_seg = full_path.split(b"/")[-1]
 
         # if there is already a resource here, thieve its children and
         # replace it
@@ -70,9 +70,7 @@ def create_resource_tree(desired_tree, root_resource):
             # to be replaced with the desired resource.
             existing_dummy_resource = resource_mappings[res_id]
             for child_name in existing_dummy_resource.listNames():
-                child_res_id = _resource_id(
-                    existing_dummy_resource, child_name
-                )
+                child_res_id = _resource_id(existing_dummy_resource, child_name)
                 child_resource = resource_mappings[child_res_id]
                 # steal the children
                 res.putChild(child_name, child_resource)
diff --git a/synapse/util/jsonobject.py b/synapse/util/jsonobject.py
index d668e5a6b8..6dce03dd3a 100644
--- a/synapse/util/jsonobject.py
+++ b/synapse/util/jsonobject.py
@@ -70,7 +70,8 @@ class JsonEncodedObject(object):
             dict
         """
         d = {
-            k: _encode(v) for (k, v) in self.__dict__.items()
+            k: _encode(v)
+            for (k, v) in self.__dict__.items()
             if k in self.valid_keys and k not in self.internal_keys
         }
         d.update(self.unrecognized_keys)
@@ -78,7 +79,8 @@ class JsonEncodedObject(object):
 
     def get_internal_dict(self):
         d = {
-            k: _encode(v, internal=True) for (k, v) in self.__dict__.items()
+            k: _encode(v, internal=True)
+            for (k, v) in self.__dict__.items()
             if k in self.valid_keys
         }
         d.update(self.unrecognized_keys)
diff --git a/synapse/util/logcontext.py b/synapse/util/logcontext.py
index fe412355d8..413b4aa060 100644
--- a/synapse/util/logcontext.py
+++ b/synapse/util/logcontext.py
@@ -42,6 +42,8 @@ try:
 
     def get_thread_resource_usage():
         return resource.getrusage(RUSAGE_THREAD)
+
+
 except Exception:
     # If the system doesn't support resource.getrusage(RUSAGE_THREAD) then we
     # won't track resource usage by returning None.
@@ -64,8 +66,11 @@ class ContextResourceUsage(object):
     """
 
     __slots__ = [
-        "ru_stime", "ru_utime",
-        "db_txn_count", "db_txn_duration_sec", "db_sched_duration_sec",
+        "ru_stime",
+        "ru_utime",
+        "db_txn_count",
+        "db_txn_duration_sec",
+        "db_sched_duration_sec",
         "evt_db_fetch_count",
     ]
 
@@ -100,15 +105,18 @@ class ContextResourceUsage(object):
         self.evt_db_fetch_count = 0
 
     def __repr__(self):
-        return ("<ContextResourceUsage ru_stime='%r', ru_utime='%r', "
-                "db_txn_count='%r', db_txn_duration_sec='%r', "
-                "db_sched_duration_sec='%r', evt_db_fetch_count='%r'>") % (
-                    self.ru_stime,
-                    self.ru_utime,
-                    self.db_txn_count,
-                    self.db_txn_duration_sec,
-                    self.db_sched_duration_sec,
-                    self.evt_db_fetch_count,)
+        return (
+            "<ContextResourceUsage ru_stime='%r', ru_utime='%r', "
+            "db_txn_count='%r', db_txn_duration_sec='%r', "
+            "db_sched_duration_sec='%r', evt_db_fetch_count='%r'>"
+        ) % (
+            self.ru_stime,
+            self.ru_utime,
+            self.db_txn_count,
+            self.db_txn_duration_sec,
+            self.db_sched_duration_sec,
+            self.evt_db_fetch_count,
+        )
 
     def __iadd__(self, other):
         """Add another ContextResourceUsage's stats to this one's.
@@ -159,11 +167,15 @@ class LoggingContext(object):
     """
 
     __slots__ = [
-        "previous_context", "name", "parent_context",
+        "previous_context",
+        "name",
+        "parent_context",
         "_resource_usage",
         "usage_start",
-        "main_thread", "alive",
-        "request", "tag",
+        "main_thread",
+        "alive",
+        "request",
+        "tag",
     ]
 
     thread_local = threading.local()
@@ -196,6 +208,7 @@ class LoggingContext(object):
 
         def __nonzero__(self):
             return False
+
         __bool__ = __nonzero__  # python3
 
     sentinel = Sentinel()
@@ -261,7 +274,8 @@ class LoggingContext(object):
         if self.previous_context != old_context:
             logger.warn(
                 "Expected previous context %r, found %r",
-                self.previous_context, old_context
+                self.previous_context,
+                old_context,
             )
         self.alive = True
 
@@ -285,9 +299,8 @@ class LoggingContext(object):
         self.alive = False
 
         # if we have a parent, pass our CPU usage stats on
-        if (
-            self.parent_context is not None
-            and hasattr(self.parent_context, '_resource_usage')
+        if self.parent_context is not None and hasattr(
+            self.parent_context, "_resource_usage"
         ):
             self.parent_context._resource_usage += self._resource_usage
 
@@ -320,9 +333,7 @@ class LoggingContext(object):
 
         # When we stop, let's record the cpu used since we started
         if not self.usage_start:
-            logger.warning(
-                "Called stop on logcontext %s without calling start", self,
-            )
+            logger.warning("Called stop on logcontext %s without calling start", self)
             return
 
         usage_end = get_thread_resource_usage()
@@ -381,6 +392,7 @@ class LoggingContextFilter(logging.Filter):
         **defaults: Default values to avoid formatters complaining about
             missing fields
     """
+
     def __init__(self, **defaults):
         self.defaults = defaults
 
@@ -416,17 +428,12 @@ class PreserveLoggingContext(object):
 
     def __enter__(self):
         """Captures the current logging context"""
-        self.current_context = LoggingContext.set_current_context(
-            self.new_context
-        )
+        self.current_context = LoggingContext.set_current_context(self.new_context)
 
         if self.current_context:
             self.has_parent = self.current_context.previous_context is not None
             if not self.current_context.alive:
-                logger.debug(
-                    "Entering dead context: %s",
-                    self.current_context,
-                )
+                logger.debug("Entering dead context: %s", self.current_context)
 
     def __exit__(self, type, value, traceback):
         """Restores the current logging context"""
@@ -444,10 +451,7 @@ class PreserveLoggingContext(object):
 
         if self.current_context is not LoggingContext.sentinel:
             if not self.current_context.alive:
-                logger.debug(
-                    "Restoring dead context: %s",
-                    self.current_context,
-                )
+                logger.debug("Restoring dead context: %s", self.current_context)
 
 
 def nested_logging_context(suffix, parent_context=None):
@@ -474,15 +478,16 @@ def nested_logging_context(suffix, parent_context=None):
     if parent_context is None:
         parent_context = LoggingContext.current_context()
     return LoggingContext(
-        parent_context=parent_context,
-        request=parent_context.request + "-" + suffix,
+        parent_context=parent_context, request=parent_context.request + "-" + suffix
     )
 
 
 def preserve_fn(f):
     """Function decorator which wraps the function with run_in_background"""
+
     def g(*args, **kwargs):
         return run_in_background(f, *args, **kwargs)
+
     return g
 
 
@@ -502,7 +507,7 @@ def run_in_background(f, *args, **kwargs):
     current = LoggingContext.current_context()
     try:
         res = f(*args, **kwargs)
-    except:   # noqa: E722
+    except:  # noqa: E722
         # the assumption here is that the caller doesn't want to be disturbed
         # by synchronous exceptions, so let's turn them into Failures.
         return defer.fail()
@@ -639,6 +644,4 @@ def defer_to_threadpool(reactor, threadpool, f, *args, **kwargs):
         with LoggingContext(parent_context=logcontext):
             return f(*args, **kwargs)
 
-    return make_deferred_yieldable(
-        threads.deferToThreadPool(reactor, threadpool, g)
-    )
+    return make_deferred_yieldable(threads.deferToThreadPool(reactor, threadpool, g))
diff --git a/synapse/util/logformatter.py b/synapse/util/logformatter.py
index a46bc47ce3..fbf570c756 100644
--- a/synapse/util/logformatter.py
+++ b/synapse/util/logformatter.py
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ class LogFormatter(logging.Formatter):
     (Normally only stack frames between the point the exception was raised and
     where it was caught are logged).
     """
+
     def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
         super(LogFormatter, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
 
@@ -40,7 +41,7 @@ class LogFormatter(logging.Formatter):
         # check that we actually have an f_back attribute to work around
         # https://twistedmatrix.com/trac/ticket/9305
 
-        if tb and hasattr(tb.tb_frame, 'f_back'):
+        if tb and hasattr(tb.tb_frame, "f_back"):
             sio.write("Capture point (most recent call last):\n")
             traceback.print_stack(tb.tb_frame.f_back, None, sio)
 
diff --git a/synapse/util/logutils.py b/synapse/util/logutils.py
index ef31458226..7df0fa6087 100644
--- a/synapse/util/logutils.py
+++ b/synapse/util/logutils.py
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ def _log_debug_as_f(f, msg, msg_args):
             lineno=lineno,
             msg=msg,
             args=msg_args,
-            exc_info=None
+            exc_info=None,
         )
 
         logger.handle(record)
@@ -70,20 +70,11 @@ def log_function(f):
                     r = r[:50] + "..."
                 return r
 
-            func_args = [
-                "%s=%s" % (k, format(v)) for k, v in bound_args.items()
-            ]
+            func_args = ["%s=%s" % (k, format(v)) for k, v in bound_args.items()]
 
-            msg_args = {
-                "func_name": func_name,
-                "args": ", ".join(func_args)
-            }
+            msg_args = {"func_name": func_name, "args": ", ".join(func_args)}
 
-            _log_debug_as_f(
-                f,
-                "Invoked '%(func_name)s' with args: %(args)s",
-                msg_args
-            )
+            _log_debug_as_f(f, "Invoked '%(func_name)s' with args: %(args)s", msg_args)
 
         return f(*args, **kwargs)
 
@@ -103,19 +94,13 @@ def time_function(f):
         start = time.clock()
 
         try:
-            _log_debug_as_f(
-                f,
-                "[FUNC START] {%s-%d}",
-                (func_name, id),
-            )
+            _log_debug_as_f(f, "[FUNC START] {%s-%d}", (func_name, id))
 
             r = f(*args, **kwargs)
         finally:
             end = time.clock()
             _log_debug_as_f(
-                f,
-                "[FUNC END] {%s-%d} %.3f sec",
-                (func_name, id, end - start,),
+                f, "[FUNC END] {%s-%d} %.3f sec", (func_name, id, end - start)
             )
 
         return r
@@ -137,9 +122,8 @@ def trace_function(f):
         s = inspect.currentframe().f_back
 
         to_print = [
-            "\t%s:%s %s. Args: args=%s, kwargs=%s" % (
-                pathname, linenum, func_name, args, kwargs
-            )
+            "\t%s:%s %s. Args: args=%s, kwargs=%s"
+            % (pathname, linenum, func_name, args, kwargs)
         ]
         while s:
             if True or s.f_globals["__name__"].startswith("synapse"):
@@ -147,9 +131,7 @@ def trace_function(f):
                 args_string = inspect.formatargvalues(*inspect.getargvalues(s))
 
                 to_print.append(
-                    "\t%s:%d %s. Args: %s" % (
-                        filename, lineno, function, args_string
-                    )
+                    "\t%s:%d %s. Args: %s" % (filename, lineno, function, args_string)
                 )
 
             s = s.f_back
@@ -163,7 +145,7 @@ def trace_function(f):
             lineno=lineno,
             msg=msg,
             args=None,
-            exc_info=None
+            exc_info=None,
         )
 
         logger.handle(record)
@@ -182,13 +164,13 @@ def get_previous_frames():
             filename, lineno, function, _, _ = inspect.getframeinfo(s)
             args_string = inspect.formatargvalues(*inspect.getargvalues(s))
 
-            to_return.append("{{  %s:%d %s - Args: %s }}" % (
-                filename, lineno, function, args_string
-            ))
+            to_return.append(
+                "{{  %s:%d %s - Args: %s }}" % (filename, lineno, function, args_string)
+            )
 
         s = s.f_back
 
-    return ", ". join(to_return)
+    return ", ".join(to_return)
 
 
 def get_previous_frame(ignore=[]):
@@ -201,7 +183,10 @@ def get_previous_frame(ignore=[]):
                 args_string = inspect.formatargvalues(*inspect.getargvalues(s))
 
                 return "{{  %s:%d %s - Args: %s }}" % (
-                    filename, lineno, function, args_string
+                    filename,
+                    lineno,
+                    function,
+                    args_string,
                 )
 
         s = s.f_back
diff --git a/synapse/util/manhole.py b/synapse/util/manhole.py
index 628a2962d9..631654f297 100644
--- a/synapse/util/manhole.py
+++ b/synapse/util/manhole.py
@@ -74,27 +74,25 @@ def manhole(username, password, globals):
         twisted.internet.protocol.Factory: A factory to pass to ``listenTCP``
     """
     if not isinstance(password, bytes):
-        password = password.encode('ascii')
+        password = password.encode("ascii")
 
-    checker = checkers.InMemoryUsernamePasswordDatabaseDontUse(
-        **{username: password}
-    )
+    checker = checkers.InMemoryUsernamePasswordDatabaseDontUse(**{username: password})
 
     rlm = manhole_ssh.TerminalRealm()
     rlm.chainedProtocolFactory = lambda: insults.ServerProtocol(
-        SynapseManhole,
-        dict(globals, __name__="__console__")
+        SynapseManhole, dict(globals, __name__="__console__")
     )
 
     factory = manhole_ssh.ConchFactory(portal.Portal(rlm, [checker]))
-    factory.publicKeys[b'ssh-rsa'] = Key.fromString(PUBLIC_KEY)
-    factory.privateKeys[b'ssh-rsa'] = Key.fromString(PRIVATE_KEY)
+    factory.publicKeys[b"ssh-rsa"] = Key.fromString(PUBLIC_KEY)
+    factory.privateKeys[b"ssh-rsa"] = Key.fromString(PRIVATE_KEY)
 
     return factory
 
 
 class SynapseManhole(ColoredManhole):
     """Overrides connectionMade to create our own ManholeInterpreter"""
+
     def connectionMade(self):
         super(SynapseManhole, self).connectionMade()
 
@@ -127,7 +125,7 @@ class SynapseManholeInterpreter(ManholeInterpreter):
                 value = SyntaxError(msg, (filename, lineno, offset, line))
                 sys.last_value = value
         lines = traceback.format_exception_only(type, value)
-        self.write(''.join(lines))
+        self.write("".join(lines))
 
     def showtraceback(self):
         """Display the exception that just occurred.
@@ -140,6 +138,6 @@ class SynapseManholeInterpreter(ManholeInterpreter):
         try:
             # We remove the first stack item because it is our own code.
             lines = traceback.format_exception(ei[0], ei[1], last_tb.tb_next)
-            self.write(''.join(lines))
+            self.write("".join(lines))
         finally:
             last_tb = ei = None
diff --git a/synapse/util/metrics.py b/synapse/util/metrics.py
index 4b4ac5f6c7..01284d3cf8 100644
--- a/synapse/util/metrics.py
+++ b/synapse/util/metrics.py
@@ -30,25 +30,31 @@ block_counter = Counter("synapse_util_metrics_block_count", "", ["block_name"])
 block_timer = Counter("synapse_util_metrics_block_time_seconds", "", ["block_name"])
 
 block_ru_utime = Counter(
-    "synapse_util_metrics_block_ru_utime_seconds", "", ["block_name"])
+    "synapse_util_metrics_block_ru_utime_seconds", "", ["block_name"]
+)
 
 block_ru_stime = Counter(
-    "synapse_util_metrics_block_ru_stime_seconds", "", ["block_name"])
+    "synapse_util_metrics_block_ru_stime_seconds", "", ["block_name"]
+)
 
 block_db_txn_count = Counter(
-    "synapse_util_metrics_block_db_txn_count", "", ["block_name"])
+    "synapse_util_metrics_block_db_txn_count", "", ["block_name"]
+)
 
 # seconds spent waiting for db txns, excluding scheduling time, in this block
 block_db_txn_duration = Counter(
-    "synapse_util_metrics_block_db_txn_duration_seconds", "", ["block_name"])
+    "synapse_util_metrics_block_db_txn_duration_seconds", "", ["block_name"]
+)
 
 # seconds spent waiting for a db connection, in this block
 block_db_sched_duration = Counter(
-    "synapse_util_metrics_block_db_sched_duration_seconds", "", ["block_name"])
+    "synapse_util_metrics_block_db_sched_duration_seconds", "", ["block_name"]
+)
 
 # Tracks the number of blocks currently active
 in_flight = InFlightGauge(
-    "synapse_util_metrics_block_in_flight", "",
+    "synapse_util_metrics_block_in_flight",
+    "",
     labels=["block_name"],
     sub_metrics=["real_time_max", "real_time_sum"],
 )
@@ -62,13 +68,18 @@ def measure_func(name):
             with Measure(self.clock, name):
                 r = yield func(self, *args, **kwargs)
             defer.returnValue(r)
+
         return measured_func
+
     return wrapper
 
 
 class Measure(object):
     __slots__ = [
-        "clock", "name", "start_context", "start",
+        "clock",
+        "name",
+        "start_context",
+        "start",
         "created_context",
         "start_usage",
     ]
@@ -108,7 +119,9 @@ class Measure(object):
         if context != self.start_context:
             logger.warn(
                 "Context has unexpectedly changed from '%s' to '%s'. (%r)",
-                self.start_context, context, self.name
+                self.start_context,
+                context,
+                self.name,
             )
             return
 
@@ -126,8 +139,7 @@ class Measure(object):
             block_db_sched_duration.labels(self.name).inc(usage.db_sched_duration_sec)
         except ValueError:
             logger.warn(
-                "Failed to save metrics! OLD: %r, NEW: %r",
-                self.start_usage, current
+                "Failed to save metrics! OLD: %r, NEW: %r", self.start_usage, current
             )
 
         if self.created_context:
diff --git a/synapse/util/module_loader.py b/synapse/util/module_loader.py
index 4288312b8a..522acd5aa8 100644
--- a/synapse/util/module_loader.py
+++ b/synapse/util/module_loader.py
@@ -28,15 +28,13 @@ def load_module(provider):
     """
     # We need to import the module, and then pick the class out of
     # that, so we split based on the last dot.
-    module, clz = provider['module'].rsplit(".", 1)
+    module, clz = provider["module"].rsplit(".", 1)
     module = importlib.import_module(module)
     provider_class = getattr(module, clz)
 
     try:
         provider_config = provider_class.parse_config(provider["config"])
     except Exception as e:
-        raise ConfigError(
-            "Failed to parse config for %r: %r" % (provider['module'], e)
-        )
+        raise ConfigError("Failed to parse config for %r: %r" % (provider["module"], e))
 
     return provider_class, provider_config
diff --git a/synapse/util/msisdn.py b/synapse/util/msisdn.py
index a6c30e5265..c8bcbe297a 100644
--- a/synapse/util/msisdn.py
+++ b/synapse/util/msisdn.py
@@ -36,6 +36,6 @@ def phone_number_to_msisdn(country, number):
         phoneNumber = phonenumbers.parse(number, country)
     except phonenumbers.NumberParseException:
         raise SynapseError(400, "Unable to parse phone number")
-    return phonenumbers.format_number(
-        phoneNumber, phonenumbers.PhoneNumberFormat.E164
-    )[1:]
+    return phonenumbers.format_number(phoneNumber, phonenumbers.PhoneNumberFormat.E164)[
+        1:
+    ]
diff --git a/synapse/util/ratelimitutils.py b/synapse/util/ratelimitutils.py
index b146d137f4..06defa8199 100644
--- a/synapse/util/ratelimitutils.py
+++ b/synapse/util/ratelimitutils.py
@@ -56,11 +56,7 @@ class FederationRateLimiter(object):
             _PerHostRatelimiter
         """
         return self.ratelimiters.setdefault(
-            host,
-            _PerHostRatelimiter(
-                clock=self.clock,
-                config=self._config,
-            )
+            host, _PerHostRatelimiter(clock=self.clock, config=self._config)
         ).ratelimit()
 
 
@@ -112,8 +108,7 @@ class _PerHostRatelimiter(object):
 
         # remove any entries from request_times which aren't within the window
         self.request_times[:] = [
-            r for r in self.request_times
-            if time_now - r < self.window_size
+            r for r in self.request_times if time_now - r < self.window_size
         ]
 
         # reject the request if we already have too many queued up (either
@@ -121,9 +116,7 @@ class _PerHostRatelimiter(object):
         queue_size = len(self.ready_request_queue) + len(self.sleeping_requests)
         if queue_size > self.reject_limit:
             raise LimitExceededError(
-                retry_after_ms=int(
-                    self.window_size / self.sleep_limit
-                ),
+                retry_after_ms=int(self.window_size / self.sleep_limit)
             )
 
         self.request_times.append(time_now)
@@ -143,22 +136,18 @@ class _PerHostRatelimiter(object):
 
         logger.debug(
             "Ratelimit [%s]: len(self.request_times)=%d",
-            id(request_id), len(self.request_times),
+            id(request_id),
+            len(self.request_times),
         )
 
         if len(self.request_times) > self.sleep_limit:
-            logger.debug(
-                "Ratelimiter: sleeping request for %f sec", self.sleep_sec,
-            )
+            logger.debug("Ratelimiter: sleeping request for %f sec", self.sleep_sec)
             ret_defer = run_in_background(self.clock.sleep, self.sleep_sec)
 
             self.sleeping_requests.add(request_id)
 
             def on_wait_finished(_):
-                logger.debug(
-                    "Ratelimit [%s]: Finished sleeping",
-                    id(request_id),
-                )
+                logger.debug("Ratelimit [%s]: Finished sleeping", id(request_id))
                 self.sleeping_requests.discard(request_id)
                 queue_defer = queue_request()
                 return queue_defer
@@ -168,10 +157,7 @@ class _PerHostRatelimiter(object):
             ret_defer = queue_request()
 
         def on_start(r):
-            logger.debug(
-                "Ratelimit [%s]: Processing req",
-                id(request_id),
-            )
+            logger.debug("Ratelimit [%s]: Processing req", id(request_id))
             self.current_processing.add(request_id)
             return r
 
@@ -193,10 +179,7 @@ class _PerHostRatelimiter(object):
         return make_deferred_yieldable(ret_defer)
 
     def _on_exit(self, request_id):
-        logger.debug(
-            "Ratelimit [%s]: Processed req",
-            id(request_id),
-        )
+        logger.debug("Ratelimit [%s]: Processed req", id(request_id))
         self.current_processing.discard(request_id)
         try:
             # start processing the next item on the queue.
diff --git a/synapse/util/stringutils.py b/synapse/util/stringutils.py
index 5fb18ee1f8..31762e095d 100644
--- a/synapse/util/stringutils.py
+++ b/synapse/util/stringutils.py
@@ -24,9 +24,7 @@ from six.moves import range
 
 from synapse.api.errors import Codes, SynapseError
 
-_string_with_symbols = (
-    string.digits + string.ascii_letters + ".,;:^&*-_+=#~@"
-)
+_string_with_symbols = string.digits + string.ascii_letters + ".,;:^&*-_+=#~@"
 
 # random_string and random_string_with_symbols are used for a range of things,
 # some cryptographically important, some less so. We use SystemRandom to make sure
@@ -37,13 +35,11 @@ client_secret_regex = re.compile(r"^[0-9a-zA-Z.=_-]+$")
 
 
 def random_string(length):
-    return ''.join(rand.choice(string.ascii_letters) for _ in range(length))
+    return "".join(rand.choice(string.ascii_letters) for _ in range(length))
 
 
 def random_string_with_symbols(length):
-    return ''.join(
-        rand.choice(_string_with_symbols) for _ in range(length)
-    )
+    return "".join(rand.choice(_string_with_symbols) for _ in range(length))
 
 
 def is_ascii(s):
@@ -51,7 +47,7 @@ def is_ascii(s):
     if PY3:
         if isinstance(s, bytes):
             try:
-                s.decode('ascii').encode('ascii')
+                s.decode("ascii").encode("ascii")
             except UnicodeDecodeError:
                 return False
             except UnicodeEncodeError:
@@ -116,7 +112,7 @@ def exception_to_unicode(e):
 
     msg = e.args[0]
     if isinstance(msg, bytes):
-        return msg.decode('utf-8', errors='replace')
+        return msg.decode("utf-8", errors="replace")
     else:
         return msg
 
diff --git a/synapse/util/threepids.py b/synapse/util/threepids.py
index 4cc7d27ce5..34ce7cac16 100644
--- a/synapse/util/threepids.py
+++ b/synapse/util/threepids.py
@@ -36,25 +36,26 @@ def check_3pid_allowed(hs, medium, address):
 
     if hs.config.check_is_for_allowed_local_3pids:
         data = yield hs.get_simple_http_client().get_json(
-            "https://%s%s" % (
+            "https://%s%s"
+            % (
                 hs.config.check_is_for_allowed_local_3pids,
-                "/_matrix/identity/api/v1/internal-info"
+                "/_matrix/identity/api/v1/internal-info",
             ),
-            {'medium': medium, 'address': address}
+            {"medium": medium, "address": address},
         )
 
         # Check for invalid response
-        if 'hs' not in data and 'shadow_hs' not in data:
+        if "hs" not in data and "shadow_hs" not in data:
             defer.returnValue(False)
 
         # Check if this user is intended to register for this homeserver
         if (
-            data.get('hs') != hs.config.server_name
-            and data.get('shadow_hs') != hs.config.server_name
+            data.get("hs") != hs.config.server_name
+            and data.get("shadow_hs") != hs.config.server_name
         ):
             defer.returnValue(False)
 
-        if data.get('requires_invite', False) and not data.get('invited', False):
+        if data.get("requires_invite", False) and not data.get("invited", False):
             # Requires an invite but hasn't been invited
             defer.returnValue(False)
 
@@ -64,11 +65,13 @@ def check_3pid_allowed(hs, medium, address):
         for constraint in hs.config.allowed_local_3pids:
             logger.debug(
                 "Checking 3PID %s (%s) against %s (%s)",
-                address, medium, constraint['pattern'], constraint['medium'],
+                address,
+                medium,
+                constraint["pattern"],
+                constraint["medium"],
             )
-            if (
-                medium == constraint['medium'] and
-                re.match(constraint['pattern'], address)
+            if medium == constraint["medium"] and re.match(
+                constraint["pattern"], address
             ):
                 defer.returnValue(True)
     else:
diff --git a/synapse/util/versionstring.py b/synapse/util/versionstring.py
index 3baba3225a..a4d9a462f7 100644
--- a/synapse/util/versionstring.py
+++ b/synapse/util/versionstring.py
@@ -23,44 +23,53 @@ logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 def get_version_string(module):
     try:
-        null = open(os.devnull, 'w')
+        null = open(os.devnull, "w")
         cwd = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(module.__file__))
         try:
-            git_branch = subprocess.check_output(
-                ['git', 'rev-parse', '--abbrev-ref', 'HEAD'],
-                stderr=null,
-                cwd=cwd,
-            ).strip().decode('ascii')
+            git_branch = (
+                subprocess.check_output(
+                    ["git", "rev-parse", "--abbrev-ref", "HEAD"], stderr=null, cwd=cwd
+                )
+                .strip()
+                .decode("ascii")
+            )
             git_branch = "b=" + git_branch
         except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
             git_branch = ""
 
         try:
-            git_tag = subprocess.check_output(
-                ['git', 'describe', '--exact-match'],
-                stderr=null,
-                cwd=cwd,
-            ).strip().decode('ascii')
+            git_tag = (
+                subprocess.check_output(
+                    ["git", "describe", "--exact-match"], stderr=null, cwd=cwd
+                )
+                .strip()
+                .decode("ascii")
+            )
             git_tag = "t=" + git_tag
         except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
             git_tag = ""
 
         try:
-            git_commit = subprocess.check_output(
-                ['git', 'rev-parse', '--short', 'HEAD'],
-                stderr=null,
-                cwd=cwd,
-            ).strip().decode('ascii')
+            git_commit = (
+                subprocess.check_output(
+                    ["git", "rev-parse", "--short", "HEAD"], stderr=null, cwd=cwd
+                )
+                .strip()
+                .decode("ascii")
+            )
         except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
             git_commit = ""
 
         try:
             dirty_string = "-this_is_a_dirty_checkout"
-            is_dirty = subprocess.check_output(
-                ['git', 'describe', '--dirty=' + dirty_string],
-                stderr=null,
-                cwd=cwd,
-            ).strip().decode('ascii').endswith(dirty_string)
+            is_dirty = (
+                subprocess.check_output(
+                    ["git", "describe", "--dirty=" + dirty_string], stderr=null, cwd=cwd
+                )
+                .strip()
+                .decode("ascii")
+                .endswith(dirty_string)
+            )
 
             git_dirty = "dirty" if is_dirty else ""
         except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
@@ -68,16 +77,10 @@ def get_version_string(module):
 
         if git_branch or git_tag or git_commit or git_dirty:
             git_version = ",".join(
-                s for s in
-                (git_branch, git_tag, git_commit, git_dirty,)
-                if s
+                s for s in (git_branch, git_tag, git_commit, git_dirty) if s
             )
 
-            return (
-                "%s (%s)" % (
-                    module.__version__, git_version,
-                )
-            )
+            return "%s (%s)" % (module.__version__, git_version)
     except Exception as e:
         logger.info("Failed to check for git repository: %s", e)
 
diff --git a/synapse/util/wheel_timer.py b/synapse/util/wheel_timer.py
index 7a9e45aca9..9bf6a44f75 100644
--- a/synapse/util/wheel_timer.py
+++ b/synapse/util/wheel_timer.py
@@ -69,9 +69,7 @@ class WheelTimer(object):
 
         # Add empty entries between the end of the current list and when we want
         # to insert. This ensures there are no gaps.
-        self.entries.extend(
-            _Entry(key) for key in range(last_key, then_key + 1)
-        )
+        self.entries.extend(_Entry(key) for key in range(last_key, then_key + 1))
 
         self.entries[-1].queue.append(obj)
 
diff --git a/synapse/visibility.py b/synapse/visibility.py
index 09d8334b26..e50472081a 100644
--- a/synapse/visibility.py
+++ b/synapse/visibility.py
@@ -29,12 +29,7 @@ from synapse.types import get_domain_from_id
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
-VISIBILITY_PRIORITY = (
-    "world_readable",
-    "shared",
-    "invited",
-    "joined",
-)
+VISIBILITY_PRIORITY = ("world_readable", "shared", "invited", "joined")
 
 
 MEMBERSHIP_PRIORITY = (
@@ -47,9 +42,14 @@ MEMBERSHIP_PRIORITY = (
 
 
 @defer.inlineCallbacks
-def filter_events_for_client(store, user_id, events, is_peeking=False,
-                             always_include_ids=frozenset(),
-                             apply_retention_policies=True):
+def filter_events_for_client(
+    store,
+    user_id,
+    events,
+    is_peeking=False,
+    always_include_ids=frozenset(),
+    apply_retention_policies=True,
+):
     """
     Check which events a user is allowed to see
 
@@ -76,23 +76,21 @@ def filter_events_for_client(store, user_id, events, is_peeking=False,
     # to clients.
     events = list(e for e in events if not e.internal_metadata.is_soft_failed())
 
-    types = (
-        (EventTypes.RoomHistoryVisibility, ""),
-        (EventTypes.Member, user_id),
-    )
+    types = ((EventTypes.RoomHistoryVisibility, ""), (EventTypes.Member, user_id))
     event_id_to_state = yield store.get_state_for_events(
         frozenset(e.event_id for e in events),
         state_filter=StateFilter.from_types(types),
     )
 
     ignore_dict_content = yield store.get_global_account_data_by_type_for_user(
-        "m.ignored_user_list", user_id,
+        "m.ignored_user_list", user_id
     )
 
     # FIXME: This will explode if people upload something incorrect.
     ignore_list = frozenset(
         ignore_dict_content.get("ignored_users", {}).keys()
-        if ignore_dict_content else []
+        if ignore_dict_content
+        else []
     )
 
     erased_senders = yield store.are_users_erased((e.sender for e in events))
@@ -211,9 +209,7 @@ def filter_events_for_client(store, user_id, events, is_peeking=False,
         elif visibility == "invited":
             # user can also see the event if they were *invited* at the time
             # of the event.
-            return (
-                event if membership == Membership.INVITE else None
-            )
+            return event if membership == Membership.INVITE else None
 
         elif visibility == "shared" and is_peeking:
             # if the visibility is shared, users cannot see the event unless
@@ -246,8 +242,9 @@ def filter_events_for_client(store, user_id, events, is_peeking=False,
 
 
 @defer.inlineCallbacks
-def filter_events_for_server(store, server_name, events, redact=True,
-                             check_history_visibility_only=False):
+def filter_events_for_server(
+    store, server_name, events, redact=True, check_history_visibility_only=False
+):
     """Filter a list of events based on whether given server is allowed to
     see them.
 
@@ -268,15 +265,12 @@ def filter_events_for_server(store, server_name, events, redact=True,
 
     def is_sender_erased(event, erased_senders):
         if erased_senders and erased_senders[event.sender]:
-            logger.info(
-                "Sender of %s has been erased, redacting",
-                event.event_id,
-            )
+            logger.info("Sender of %s has been erased, redacting", event.event_id)
             return True
         return False
 
     def check_event_is_visible(event, state):
-        history = state.get((EventTypes.RoomHistoryVisibility, ''), None)
+        history = state.get((EventTypes.RoomHistoryVisibility, ""), None)
         if history:
             visibility = history.content.get("history_visibility", "shared")
             if visibility in ["invited", "joined"]:
@@ -313,8 +307,8 @@ def filter_events_for_server(store, server_name, events, redact=True,
     event_to_state_ids = yield store.get_state_ids_for_events(
         frozenset(e.event_id for e in events),
         state_filter=StateFilter.from_types(
-            types=((EventTypes.RoomHistoryVisibility, ""),),
-        )
+            types=((EventTypes.RoomHistoryVisibility, ""),)
+        ),
     )
 
     visibility_ids = set()
@@ -335,9 +329,7 @@ def filter_events_for_server(store, server_name, events, redact=True,
         )
 
     if not check_history_visibility_only:
-        erased_senders = yield store.are_users_erased(
-            (e.sender for e in events),
-        )
+        erased_senders = yield store.are_users_erased((e.sender for e in events))
     else:
         # We don't want to check whether users are erased, which is equivalent
         # to no users having been erased.
@@ -369,11 +361,8 @@ def filter_events_for_server(store, server_name, events, redact=True,
     event_to_state_ids = yield store.get_state_ids_for_events(
         frozenset(e.event_id for e in events),
         state_filter=StateFilter.from_types(
-            types=(
-                (EventTypes.RoomHistoryVisibility, ""),
-                (EventTypes.Member, None),
-            ),
-        )
+            types=((EventTypes.RoomHistoryVisibility, ""), (EventTypes.Member, None))
+        ),
     )
 
     # We only want to pull out member events that correspond to the
@@ -397,13 +386,15 @@ def filter_events_for_server(store, server_name, events, redact=True,
         idx = state_key.find(":")
         if idx == -1:
             return False
-        return state_key[idx + 1:] == server_name
-
-    event_map = yield store.get_events([
-        e_id
-        for e_id, key in iteritems(event_id_to_state_key)
-        if include(key[0], key[1])
-    ])
+        return state_key[idx + 1 :] == server_name
+
+    event_map = yield store.get_events(
+        [
+            e_id
+            for e_id, key in iteritems(event_id_to_state_key)
+            if include(key[0], key[1])
+        ]
+    )
 
     event_to_state = {
         e_id: {
diff --git a/tests/api/test_auth.py b/tests/api/test_auth.py
index d0d36f96fa..d4e75b5b2e 100644
--- a/tests/api/test_auth.py
+++ b/tests/api/test_auth.py
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ class AuthTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         request.requestHeaders.getRawHeaders = mock_getRawHeaders()
         requester = yield self.auth.get_user_by_req(request)
         self.assertEquals(
-            requester.user.to_string(), masquerading_user_id.decode('utf8')
+            requester.user.to_string(), masquerading_user_id.decode("utf8")
         )
 
     def test_get_user_by_req_appservice_valid_token_bad_user_id(self):
@@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ class AuthTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
         # check the token works
         request = Mock(args={})
-        request.args[b"access_token"] = [token.encode('ascii')]
+        request.args[b"access_token"] = [token.encode("ascii")]
         request.requestHeaders.getRawHeaders = mock_getRawHeaders()
         requester = yield self.auth.get_user_by_req(request, allow_guest=True)
         self.assertEqual(UserID.from_string(USER_ID), requester.user)
@@ -277,7 +277,7 @@ class AuthTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
         # the token should *not* work now
         request = Mock(args={})
-        request.args[b"access_token"] = [guest_tok.encode('ascii')]
+        request.args[b"access_token"] = [guest_tok.encode("ascii")]
         request.requestHeaders.getRawHeaders = mock_getRawHeaders()
 
         with self.assertRaises(AuthError) as cm:
@@ -321,11 +321,11 @@ class AuthTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.hs.config.limit_usage_by_mau = True
         self.hs.config.max_mau_value = 1
         self.store.get_monthly_active_count = lambda: defer.succeed(2)
-        threepid = {'medium': 'email', 'address': 'reserved@server.com'}
-        unknown_threepid = {'medium': 'email', 'address': 'unreserved@server.com'}
+        threepid = {"medium": "email", "address": "reserved@server.com"}
+        unknown_threepid = {"medium": "email", "address": "unreserved@server.com"}
         self.hs.config.mau_limits_reserved_threepids = [threepid]
 
-        yield self.store.register(user_id='user1', token="123", password_hash=None)
+        yield self.store.register(user_id="user1", token="123", password_hash=None)
         with self.assertRaises(ResourceLimitError):
             yield self.auth.check_auth_blocking()
 
diff --git a/tests/config/test_server.py b/tests/config/test_server.py
index de64965a60..1ca5ea54ca 100644
--- a/tests/config/test_server.py
+++ b/tests/config/test_server.py
@@ -20,10 +20,10 @@ from tests import unittest
 
 class ServerConfigTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_is_threepid_reserved(self):
-        user1 = {'medium': 'email', 'address': 'user1@example.com'}
-        user2 = {'medium': 'email', 'address': 'user2@example.com'}
-        user3 = {'medium': 'email', 'address': 'user3@example.com'}
-        user1_msisdn = {'medium': 'msisdn', 'address': '447700000000'}
+        user1 = {"medium": "email", "address": "user1@example.com"}
+        user2 = {"medium": "email", "address": "user2@example.com"}
+        user3 = {"medium": "email", "address": "user3@example.com"}
+        user1_msisdn = {"medium": "msisdn", "address": "447700000000"}
         config = [user1, user2]
 
         self.assertTrue(is_threepid_reserved(config, user1))
diff --git a/tests/config/test_tls.py b/tests/config/test_tls.py
index 40ca428778..0cbbf4e885 100644
--- a/tests/config/test_tls.py
+++ b/tests/config/test_tls.py
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ class TLSConfigTests(TestCase):
         """
         config_dir = self.mktemp()
         os.mkdir(config_dir)
-        with open(os.path.join(config_dir, "cert.pem"), 'w') as f:
+        with open(os.path.join(config_dir, "cert.pem"), "w") as f:
             f.write(
                 """-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
 MIID6DCCAtACAws9CjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQUFADCBtzELMAkGA1UEBhMCVFIxDzAN
diff --git a/tests/crypto/test_event_signing.py b/tests/crypto/test_event_signing.py
index 71aa731439..126e176004 100644
--- a/tests/crypto/test_event_signing.py
+++ b/tests/crypto/test_event_signing.py
@@ -41,25 +41,25 @@ class EventSigningTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_sign_minimal(self):
         event_dict = {
-            'event_id': "$0:domain",
-            'origin': "domain",
-            'origin_server_ts': 1000000,
-            'signatures': {},
-            'type': "X",
-            'unsigned': {'age_ts': 1000000},
+            "event_id": "$0:domain",
+            "origin": "domain",
+            "origin_server_ts": 1000000,
+            "signatures": {},
+            "type": "X",
+            "unsigned": {"age_ts": 1000000},
         }
 
         add_hashes_and_signatures(event_dict, HOSTNAME, self.signing_key)
 
         event = FrozenEvent(event_dict)
 
-        self.assertTrue(hasattr(event, 'hashes'))
-        self.assertIn('sha256', event.hashes)
+        self.assertTrue(hasattr(event, "hashes"))
+        self.assertIn("sha256", event.hashes)
         self.assertEquals(
-            event.hashes['sha256'], "6tJjLpXtggfke8UxFhAKg82QVkJzvKOVOOSjUDK4ZSI"
+            event.hashes["sha256"], "6tJjLpXtggfke8UxFhAKg82QVkJzvKOVOOSjUDK4ZSI"
         )
 
-        self.assertTrue(hasattr(event, 'signatures'))
+        self.assertTrue(hasattr(event, "signatures"))
         self.assertIn(HOSTNAME, event.signatures)
         self.assertIn(KEY_NAME, event.signatures["domain"])
         self.assertEquals(
@@ -70,28 +70,28 @@ class EventSigningTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_sign_message(self):
         event_dict = {
-            'content': {'body': "Here is the message content"},
-            'event_id': "$0:domain",
-            'origin': "domain",
-            'origin_server_ts': 1000000,
-            'type': "m.room.message",
-            'room_id': "!r:domain",
-            'sender': "@u:domain",
-            'signatures': {},
-            'unsigned': {'age_ts': 1000000},
+            "content": {"body": "Here is the message content"},
+            "event_id": "$0:domain",
+            "origin": "domain",
+            "origin_server_ts": 1000000,
+            "type": "m.room.message",
+            "room_id": "!r:domain",
+            "sender": "@u:domain",
+            "signatures": {},
+            "unsigned": {"age_ts": 1000000},
         }
 
         add_hashes_and_signatures(event_dict, HOSTNAME, self.signing_key)
 
         event = FrozenEvent(event_dict)
 
-        self.assertTrue(hasattr(event, 'hashes'))
-        self.assertIn('sha256', event.hashes)
+        self.assertTrue(hasattr(event, "hashes"))
+        self.assertIn("sha256", event.hashes)
         self.assertEquals(
-            event.hashes['sha256'], "onLKD1bGljeBWQhWZ1kaP9SorVmRQNdN5aM2JYU2n/g"
+            event.hashes["sha256"], "onLKD1bGljeBWQhWZ1kaP9SorVmRQNdN5aM2JYU2n/g"
         )
 
-        self.assertTrue(hasattr(event, 'signatures'))
+        self.assertTrue(hasattr(event, "signatures"))
         self.assertIn(HOSTNAME, event.signatures)
         self.assertIn(KEY_NAME, event.signatures["domain"])
         self.assertEquals(
diff --git a/tests/events/test_utils.py b/tests/events/test_utils.py
index d0cc492deb..9e3d4d0f47 100644
--- a/tests/events/test_utils.py
+++ b/tests/events/test_utils.py
@@ -37,88 +37,88 @@ class PruneEventTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_minimal(self):
         self.run_test(
-            {'type': 'A', 'event_id': '$test:domain'},
+            {"type": "A", "event_id": "$test:domain"},
             {
-                'type': 'A',
-                'event_id': '$test:domain',
-                'content': {},
-                'signatures': {},
-                'unsigned': {},
+                "type": "A",
+                "event_id": "$test:domain",
+                "content": {},
+                "signatures": {},
+                "unsigned": {},
             },
         )
 
     def test_basic_keys(self):
         self.run_test(
             {
-                'type': 'A',
-                'room_id': '!1:domain',
-                'sender': '@2:domain',
-                'event_id': '$3:domain',
-                'origin': 'domain',
+                "type": "A",
+                "room_id": "!1:domain",
+                "sender": "@2:domain",
+                "event_id": "$3:domain",
+                "origin": "domain",
             },
             {
-                'type': 'A',
-                'room_id': '!1:domain',
-                'sender': '@2:domain',
-                'event_id': '$3:domain',
-                'origin': 'domain',
-                'content': {},
-                'signatures': {},
-                'unsigned': {},
+                "type": "A",
+                "room_id": "!1:domain",
+                "sender": "@2:domain",
+                "event_id": "$3:domain",
+                "origin": "domain",
+                "content": {},
+                "signatures": {},
+                "unsigned": {},
             },
         )
 
     def test_unsigned_age_ts(self):
         self.run_test(
-            {'type': 'B', 'event_id': '$test:domain', 'unsigned': {'age_ts': 20}},
+            {"type": "B", "event_id": "$test:domain", "unsigned": {"age_ts": 20}},
             {
-                'type': 'B',
-                'event_id': '$test:domain',
-                'content': {},
-                'signatures': {},
-                'unsigned': {'age_ts': 20},
+                "type": "B",
+                "event_id": "$test:domain",
+                "content": {},
+                "signatures": {},
+                "unsigned": {"age_ts": 20},
             },
         )
 
         self.run_test(
             {
-                'type': 'B',
-                'event_id': '$test:domain',
-                'unsigned': {'other_key': 'here'},
+                "type": "B",
+                "event_id": "$test:domain",
+                "unsigned": {"other_key": "here"},
             },
             {
-                'type': 'B',
-                'event_id': '$test:domain',
-                'content': {},
-                'signatures': {},
-                'unsigned': {},
+                "type": "B",
+                "event_id": "$test:domain",
+                "content": {},
+                "signatures": {},
+                "unsigned": {},
             },
         )
 
     def test_content(self):
         self.run_test(
-            {'type': 'C', 'event_id': '$test:domain', 'content': {'things': 'here'}},
+            {"type": "C", "event_id": "$test:domain", "content": {"things": "here"}},
             {
-                'type': 'C',
-                'event_id': '$test:domain',
-                'content': {},
-                'signatures': {},
-                'unsigned': {},
+                "type": "C",
+                "event_id": "$test:domain",
+                "content": {},
+                "signatures": {},
+                "unsigned": {},
             },
         )
 
         self.run_test(
             {
-                'type': 'm.room.create',
-                'event_id': '$test:domain',
-                'content': {'creator': '@2:domain', 'other_field': 'here'},
+                "type": "m.room.create",
+                "event_id": "$test:domain",
+                "content": {"creator": "@2:domain", "other_field": "here"},
             },
             {
-                'type': 'm.room.create',
-                'event_id': '$test:domain',
-                'content': {'creator': '@2:domain'},
-                'signatures': {},
-                'unsigned': {},
+                "type": "m.room.create",
+                "event_id": "$test:domain",
+                "content": {"creator": "@2:domain"},
+                "signatures": {},
+                "unsigned": {},
             },
         )
 
diff --git a/tests/federation/test_complexity.py b/tests/federation/test_complexity.py
index 1e3e5aec66..a5b03005d7 100644
--- a/tests/federation/test_complexity.py
+++ b/tests/federation/test_complexity.py
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ class RoomComplexityTests(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         login.register_servlets,
     ]
 
-    def default_config(self, name='test'):
+    def default_config(self, name="test"):
         config = super(RoomComplexityTests, self).default_config(name=name)
         config["limit_large_remote_room_joins"] = True
         config["limit_large_remote_room_complexity"] = 0.05
diff --git a/tests/federation/test_federation_sender.py b/tests/federation/test_federation_sender.py
index 7bb106b5f7..cce8d8c6de 100644
--- a/tests/federation/test_federation_sender.py
+++ b/tests/federation/test_federation_sender.py
@@ -51,16 +51,16 @@ class FederationSenderTestCases(HomeserverTestCase):
         json_cb = mock_send_transaction.call_args[0][1]
         data = json_cb()
         self.assertEqual(
-            data['edus'],
+            data["edus"],
             [
                 {
-                    'edu_type': 'm.receipt',
-                    'content': {
-                        'room_id': {
-                            'm.read': {
-                                'user_id': {
-                                    'event_ids': ['event_id'],
-                                    'data': {'ts': 1234},
+                    "edu_type": "m.receipt",
+                    "content": {
+                        "room_id": {
+                            "m.read": {
+                                "user_id": {
+                                    "event_ids": ["event_id"],
+                                    "data": {"ts": 1234},
                                 }
                             }
                         }
@@ -93,16 +93,16 @@ class FederationSenderTestCases(HomeserverTestCase):
         json_cb = mock_send_transaction.call_args[0][1]
         data = json_cb()
         self.assertEqual(
-            data['edus'],
+            data["edus"],
             [
                 {
-                    'edu_type': 'm.receipt',
-                    'content': {
-                        'room_id': {
-                            'm.read': {
-                                'user_id': {
-                                    'event_ids': ['event_id'],
-                                    'data': {'ts': 1234},
+                    "edu_type": "m.receipt",
+                    "content": {
+                        "room_id": {
+                            "m.read": {
+                                "user_id": {
+                                    "event_ids": ["event_id"],
+                                    "data": {"ts": 1234},
                                 }
                             }
                         }
@@ -128,16 +128,16 @@ class FederationSenderTestCases(HomeserverTestCase):
         json_cb = mock_send_transaction.call_args[0][1]
         data = json_cb()
         self.assertEqual(
-            data['edus'],
+            data["edus"],
             [
                 {
-                    'edu_type': 'm.receipt',
-                    'content': {
-                        'room_id': {
-                            'm.read': {
-                                'user_id': {
-                                    'event_ids': ['other_id'],
-                                    'data': {'ts': 1234},
+                    "edu_type": "m.receipt",
+                    "content": {
+                        "room_id": {
+                            "m.read": {
+                                "user_id": {
+                                    "event_ids": ["other_id"],
+                                    "data": {"ts": 1234},
                                 }
                             }
                         }
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_auth.py b/tests/handlers/test_auth.py
index 1e39fe0ec2..b204a0700d 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_auth.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_auth.py
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ class AuthTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_mau_limits_disabled(self):
         self.hs.config.limit_usage_by_mau = False
         # Ensure does not throw exception
-        yield self.auth_handler.get_access_token_for_user_id('user_a')
+        yield self.auth_handler.get_access_token_for_user_id("user_a")
 
         yield self.auth_handler.validate_short_term_login_token_and_get_user_id(
             self._get_macaroon().serialize()
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ class AuthTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         )
 
         with self.assertRaises(ResourceLimitError):
-            yield self.auth_handler.get_access_token_for_user_id('user_a')
+            yield self.auth_handler.get_access_token_for_user_id("user_a")
 
         self.hs.get_datastore().get_monthly_active_count = Mock(
             return_value=defer.succeed(self.large_number_of_users)
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ class AuthTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             return_value=defer.succeed(self.hs.config.max_mau_value)
         )
         with self.assertRaises(ResourceLimitError):
-            yield self.auth_handler.get_access_token_for_user_id('user_a')
+            yield self.auth_handler.get_access_token_for_user_id("user_a")
 
         self.hs.get_datastore().get_monthly_active_count = Mock(
             return_value=defer.succeed(self.hs.config.max_mau_value)
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ class AuthTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.hs.get_datastore().get_monthly_active_count = Mock(
             return_value=defer.succeed(self.hs.config.max_mau_value)
         )
-        yield self.auth_handler.get_access_token_for_user_id('user_a')
+        yield self.auth_handler.get_access_token_for_user_id("user_a")
         self.hs.get_datastore().user_last_seen_monthly_active = Mock(
             return_value=defer.succeed(self.hs.get_clock().time_msec())
         )
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ class AuthTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             return_value=defer.succeed(self.small_number_of_users)
         )
         # Ensure does not raise exception
-        yield self.auth_handler.get_access_token_for_user_id('user_a')
+        yield self.auth_handler.get_access_token_for_user_id("user_a")
 
         self.hs.get_datastore().get_monthly_active_count = Mock(
             return_value=defer.succeed(self.small_number_of_users)
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_directory.py b/tests/handlers/test_directory.py
index 917548bb31..91c7a17070 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_directory.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_directory.py
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ class TestCreateAliasACL(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         request, channel = self.make_request(
             "PUT",
             b"directory/room/%23test%3Atest",
-            ('{"room_id":"%s"}' % (room_id,)).encode('ascii'),
+            ('{"room_id":"%s"}' % (room_id,)).encode("ascii"),
         )
         self.render(request)
         self.assertEquals(403, channel.code, channel.result)
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ class TestCreateAliasACL(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         request, channel = self.make_request(
             "PUT",
             b"directory/room/%23unofficial_test%3Atest",
-            ('{"room_id":"%s"}' % (room_id,)).encode('ascii'),
+            ('{"room_id":"%s"}' % (room_id,)).encode("ascii"),
         )
         self.render(request)
         self.assertEquals(200, channel.code, channel.result)
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ class TestRoomListSearchDisabled(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         room_id = self.helper.create_room_as(self.user_id)
 
         request, channel = self.make_request(
-            "PUT", b"directory/list/room/%s" % (room_id.encode('ascii'),), b'{}'
+            "PUT", b"directory/list/room/%s" % (room_id.encode("ascii"),), b"{}"
         )
         self.render(request)
         self.assertEquals(200, channel.code, channel.result)
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ class TestRoomListSearchDisabled(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         # Room list disabled so we shouldn't be allowed to publish rooms
         room_id = self.helper.create_room_as(self.user_id)
         request, channel = self.make_request(
-            "PUT", b"directory/list/room/%s" % (room_id.encode('ascii'),), b'{}'
+            "PUT", b"directory/list/room/%s" % (room_id.encode("ascii"),), b"{}"
         )
         self.render(request)
         self.assertEquals(403, channel.code, channel.result)
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_e2e_room_keys.py b/tests/handlers/test_e2e_room_keys.py
index 2e72a1dd23..c4503c1611 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_e2e_room_keys.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_e2e_room_keys.py
@@ -395,37 +395,37 @@ class E2eRoomKeysHandlerTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         yield self.handler.upload_room_keys(self.local_user, version, room_keys)
 
         new_room_keys = copy.deepcopy(room_keys)
-        new_room_key = new_room_keys['rooms']['!abc:matrix.org']['sessions']['c0ff33']
+        new_room_key = new_room_keys["rooms"]["!abc:matrix.org"]["sessions"]["c0ff33"]
 
         # test that increasing the message_index doesn't replace the existing session
-        new_room_key['first_message_index'] = 2
-        new_room_key['session_data'] = 'new'
+        new_room_key["first_message_index"] = 2
+        new_room_key["session_data"] = "new"
         yield self.handler.upload_room_keys(self.local_user, version, new_room_keys)
 
         res = yield self.handler.get_room_keys(self.local_user, version)
         self.assertEqual(
-            res['rooms']['!abc:matrix.org']['sessions']['c0ff33']['session_data'],
+            res["rooms"]["!abc:matrix.org"]["sessions"]["c0ff33"]["session_data"],
             "SSBBTSBBIEZJU0gK",
         )
 
         # test that marking the session as verified however /does/ replace it
-        new_room_key['is_verified'] = True
+        new_room_key["is_verified"] = True
         yield self.handler.upload_room_keys(self.local_user, version, new_room_keys)
 
         res = yield self.handler.get_room_keys(self.local_user, version)
         self.assertEqual(
-            res['rooms']['!abc:matrix.org']['sessions']['c0ff33']['session_data'], "new"
+            res["rooms"]["!abc:matrix.org"]["sessions"]["c0ff33"]["session_data"], "new"
         )
 
         # test that a session with a higher forwarded_count doesn't replace one
         # with a lower forwarding count
-        new_room_key['forwarded_count'] = 2
-        new_room_key['session_data'] = 'other'
+        new_room_key["forwarded_count"] = 2
+        new_room_key["session_data"] = "other"
         yield self.handler.upload_room_keys(self.local_user, version, new_room_keys)
 
         res = yield self.handler.get_room_keys(self.local_user, version)
         self.assertEqual(
-            res['rooms']['!abc:matrix.org']['sessions']['c0ff33']['session_data'], "new"
+            res["rooms"]["!abc:matrix.org"]["sessions"]["c0ff33"]["session_data"], "new"
         )
 
         # TODO: check edge cases as well as the common variations here
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_identity.py b/tests/handlers/test_identity.py
index 99ce94db52..b8ecdc5c9b 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_identity.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_identity.py
@@ -38,24 +38,18 @@ class ThreepidISRewrittenURLTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         self.rewritten_is_url = "int.testis"
 
         config = self.default_config()
-        config["trusted_third_party_id_servers"] = [
-            self.is_server_name,
-        ]
+        config["trusted_third_party_id_servers"] = [self.is_server_name]
         config["rewrite_identity_server_urls"] = {
-            self.is_server_name: self.rewritten_is_url,
+            self.is_server_name: self.rewritten_is_url
         }
 
-        mock_http_client = Mock(spec=[
-            "post_urlencoded_get_json",
-        ])
-        mock_http_client.post_urlencoded_get_json.return_value = defer.succeed({
-            "address": self.address,
-            "medium": "email",
-        })
+        mock_http_client = Mock(spec=["post_urlencoded_get_json"])
+        mock_http_client.post_urlencoded_get_json.return_value = defer.succeed(
+            {"address": self.address, "medium": "email"}
+        )
 
         self.hs = self.setup_test_homeserver(
-            config=config,
-            simple_http_client=mock_http_client,
+            config=config, simple_http_client=mock_http_client
         )
 
         return self.hs
@@ -74,35 +68,34 @@ class ThreepidISRewrittenURLTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         post_urlenc_get_json = self.hs.get_simple_http_client().post_urlencoded_get_json
         store = self.hs.get_datastore()
 
-        creds = {
-            "sid": "123",
-            "client_secret": "some_secret",
-        }
+        creds = {"sid": "123", "client_secret": "some_secret"}
 
         # Make sure processing the mocked response goes through.
-        data = self.get_success(handler.bind_threepid(
-            {
-                "id_server": self.is_server_name,
-                "client_secret": creds["client_secret"],
-                "sid": creds["sid"],
-            },
-            self.user_id,
-        ))
+        data = self.get_success(
+            handler.bind_threepid(
+                {
+                    "id_server": self.is_server_name,
+                    "client_secret": creds["client_secret"],
+                    "sid": creds["sid"],
+                },
+                self.user_id,
+            )
+        )
         self.assertEqual(data.get("address"), self.address)
 
         # Check that the request was done against the rewritten server name.
         post_urlenc_get_json.assert_called_once_with(
             "https://%s/_matrix/identity/api/v1/3pid/bind" % self.rewritten_is_url,
             {
-                'sid': creds['sid'],
-                'client_secret': creds["client_secret"],
-                'mxid': self.user_id,
-            }
+                "sid": creds["sid"],
+                "client_secret": creds["client_secret"],
+                "mxid": self.user_id,
+            },
         )
 
         # Check that the original server name is saved in the database instead of the
         # rewritten one.
-        id_servers = self.get_success(store.get_id_servers_user_bound(
-            self.user_id, "email", self.address
-        ))
+        id_servers = self.get_success(
+            store.get_id_servers_user_bound(self.user_id, "email", self.address)
+        )
         self.assertEqual(id_servers, [self.is_server_name])
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_profile.py b/tests/handlers/test_profile.py
index 45cbfeb9a4..2311040201 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_profile.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_profile.py
@@ -71,9 +71,7 @@ class ProfileTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_get_my_name(self):
-        yield self.store.set_profile_displayname(
-            self.frank.localpart, "Frank", 1,
-        )
+        yield self.store.set_profile_displayname(self.frank.localpart, "Frank", 1)
 
         displayname = yield self.handler.get_displayname(self.frank)
 
@@ -127,7 +125,7 @@ class ProfileTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_get_my_avatar(self):
         yield self.store.set_profile_avatar_url(
-            self.frank.localpart, "http://my.server/me.png", 1,
+            self.frank.localpart, "http://my.server/me.png", 1
         )
 
         avatar_url = yield self.handler.get_avatar_url(self.frank)
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_register.py b/tests/handlers/test_register.py
index b2aa5c2478..e5a9acd87f 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_register.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_register.py
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ class RegistrationTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         self.mock_distributor.declare("registered_user")
         self.mock_captcha_client = Mock()
         self.macaroon_generator = Mock(
-            generate_access_token=Mock(return_value='secret')
+            generate_access_token=Mock(return_value="secret")
         )
         self.hs.get_macaroon_generator = Mock(return_value=self.macaroon_generator)
         self.handler = self.hs.get_registration_handler()
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ class RegistrationTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         )
         self.assertEquals(result_user_id, user_id)
         self.assertTrue(result_token is not None)
-        self.assertEquals(result_token, 'secret')
+        self.assertEquals(result_token, "secret")
 
     def test_if_user_exists(self):
         store = self.hs.get_datastore()
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ class RegistrationTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         self.hs.config.limit_usage_by_mau = False
         # Ensure does not throw exception
         self.get_success(
-            self.handler.get_or_create_user(self.requester, 'a', "display_name")
+            self.handler.get_or_create_user(self.requester, "a", "display_name")
         )
 
     def test_get_or_create_user_mau_not_blocked(self):
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ class RegistrationTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
             return_value=defer.succeed(self.hs.config.max_mau_value - 1)
         )
         # Ensure does not throw exception
-        self.get_success(self.handler.get_or_create_user(self.requester, 'c', "User"))
+        self.get_success(self.handler.get_or_create_user(self.requester, "c", "User"))
 
     def test_get_or_create_user_mau_blocked(self):
         self.hs.config.limit_usage_by_mau = True
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ class RegistrationTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
             return_value=defer.succeed(self.lots_of_users)
         )
         self.get_failure(
-            self.handler.get_or_create_user(self.requester, 'b', "display_name"),
+            self.handler.get_or_create_user(self.requester, "b", "display_name"),
             ResourceLimitError,
         )
 
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ class RegistrationTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
             return_value=defer.succeed(self.hs.config.max_mau_value)
         )
         self.get_failure(
-            self.handler.get_or_create_user(self.requester, 'b', "display_name"),
+            self.handler.get_or_create_user(self.requester, "b", "display_name"),
             ResourceLimitError,
         )
 
@@ -145,13 +145,13 @@ class RegistrationTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
     def test_auto_create_auto_join_rooms(self):
         room_alias_str = "#room:test"
         self.hs.config.auto_join_rooms = [room_alias_str]
-        res = self.get_success(self.handler.register(localpart='jeff'))
+        res = self.get_success(self.handler.register(localpart="jeff"))
         rooms = self.get_success(self.store.get_rooms_for_user(res[0]))
         directory_handler = self.hs.get_handlers().directory_handler
         room_alias = RoomAlias.from_string(room_alias_str)
         room_id = self.get_success(directory_handler.get_association(room_alias))
 
-        self.assertTrue(room_id['room_id'] in rooms)
+        self.assertTrue(room_id["room_id"] in rooms)
         self.assertEqual(len(rooms), 1)
 
     def test_auto_create_auto_join_rooms_with_no_rooms(self):
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ class RegistrationTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         self.hs.config.autocreate_auto_join_rooms = False
         room_alias_str = "#room:test"
         self.hs.config.auto_join_rooms = [room_alias_str]
-        res = self.get_success(self.handler.register(localpart='jeff'))
+        res = self.get_success(self.handler.register(localpart="jeff"))
         rooms = self.get_success(self.store.get_rooms_for_user(res[0]))
         self.assertEqual(len(rooms), 0)
 
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ class RegistrationTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         self.hs.config.auto_join_rooms = [room_alias_str]
 
         self.store.is_support_user = Mock(return_value=True)
-        res = self.get_success(self.handler.register(localpart='support'))
+        res = self.get_success(self.handler.register(localpart="support"))
         rooms = self.get_success(self.store.get_rooms_for_user(res[0]))
         self.assertEqual(len(rooms), 0)
         directory_handler = self.hs.get_handlers().directory_handler
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ class RegistrationTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
         # When:-
         #   * the user is registered and post consent actions are called
-        res = self.get_success(self.handler.register(localpart='jeff'))
+        res = self.get_success(self.handler.register(localpart="jeff"))
         self.get_success(self.handler.post_consent_actions(res[0]))
 
         # Then:-
@@ -222,37 +222,27 @@ class RegistrationTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
     def test_register_support_user(self):
         res = self.get_success(
-            self.handler.register(localpart='user', user_type=UserTypes.SUPPORT)
+            self.handler.register(localpart="user", user_type=UserTypes.SUPPORT)
         )
         self.assertTrue(self.store.is_support_user(res[0]))
 
     def test_register_not_support_user(self):
-        res = self.get_success(self.handler.register(localpart='user'))
+        res = self.get_success(self.handler.register(localpart="user"))
         self.assertFalse(self.store.is_support_user(res[0]))
 
     def test_invalid_user_id_length(self):
         invalid_user_id = "x" * 256
-        self.get_failure(
-            self.handler.register(localpart=invalid_user_id),
-            SynapseError
-        )
+        self.get_failure(self.handler.register(localpart=invalid_user_id), SynapseError)
 
     def test_email_to_displayname_mapping(self):
         """Test that custom emails are mapped to new user displaynames correctly"""
         self._check_mapping(
-            "jack-phillips.rivers@big-org.com",
-            "Jack-Phillips Rivers [Big-Org]",
+            "jack-phillips.rivers@big-org.com", "Jack-Phillips Rivers [Big-Org]"
         )
 
-        self._check_mapping(
-            "bob.jones@matrix.org",
-            "Bob Jones [Tchap Admin]",
-        )
+        self._check_mapping("bob.jones@matrix.org", "Bob Jones [Tchap Admin]")
 
-        self._check_mapping(
-            "bob-jones.blabla@gouv.fr",
-            "Bob-Jones Blabla [Gouv]",
-        )
+        self._check_mapping("bob-jones.blabla@gouv.fr", "Bob-Jones Blabla [Gouv]")
 
         # Multibyte unicode characters
         self._check_mapping(
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_stats.py b/tests/handlers/test_stats.py
index 2710c991cf..a8b858eb4f 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_stats.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_stats.py
@@ -265,10 +265,7 @@ class StatsRoomTests(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         while not self.get_success(self.store.has_completed_background_updates()):
             self.get_success(self.store.do_next_background_update(100), by=0.1)
 
-        events = {
-            "a1": None,
-            "a2": {"membership": Membership.JOIN},
-        }
+        events = {"a1": None, "a2": {"membership": Membership.JOIN}}
 
         def get_event(event_id, allow_none=True):
             if events.get(event_id):
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_typing.py b/tests/handlers/test_typing.py
index cb8b4d2913..5d5e324df2 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_typing.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_typing.py
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ def _expect_edu_transaction(edu_type, content, origin="test"):
 
 
 def _make_edu_transaction_json(edu_type, content):
-    return json.dumps(_expect_edu_transaction(edu_type, content)).encode('utf8')
+    return json.dumps(_expect_edu_transaction(edu_type, content)).encode("utf8")
 
 
 class TypingNotificationsTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ class TypingNotificationsTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
             )
         )
 
-        self.on_new_event.assert_has_calls([call('typing_key', 1, rooms=[ROOM_ID])])
+        self.on_new_event.assert_has_calls([call("typing_key", 1, rooms=[ROOM_ID])])
 
         self.assertEquals(self.event_source.get_current_key(), 1)
         events = self.event_source.get_new_events(room_ids=[ROOM_ID], from_key=0)
@@ -209,12 +209,12 @@ class TypingNotificationsTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
                     "typing": True,
                 },
             ),
-            federation_auth_origin=b'farm',
+            federation_auth_origin=b"farm",
         )
         self.render(request)
         self.assertEqual(channel.code, 200)
 
-        self.on_new_event.assert_has_calls([call('typing_key', 1, rooms=[ROOM_ID])])
+        self.on_new_event.assert_has_calls([call("typing_key", 1, rooms=[ROOM_ID])])
 
         self.assertEquals(self.event_source.get_current_key(), 1)
         events = self.event_source.get_new_events(room_ids=[ROOM_ID], from_key=0)
@@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ class TypingNotificationsTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
             )
         )
 
-        self.on_new_event.assert_has_calls([call('typing_key', 1, rooms=[ROOM_ID])])
+        self.on_new_event.assert_has_calls([call("typing_key", 1, rooms=[ROOM_ID])])
 
         put_json = self.hs.get_http_client().put_json
         put_json.assert_called_once_with(
@@ -285,7 +285,7 @@ class TypingNotificationsTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
             )
         )
 
-        self.on_new_event.assert_has_calls([call('typing_key', 1, rooms=[ROOM_ID])])
+        self.on_new_event.assert_has_calls([call("typing_key", 1, rooms=[ROOM_ID])])
         self.on_new_event.reset_mock()
 
         self.assertEquals(self.event_source.get_current_key(), 1)
@@ -303,7 +303,7 @@ class TypingNotificationsTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
         self.reactor.pump([16])
 
-        self.on_new_event.assert_has_calls([call('typing_key', 2, rooms=[ROOM_ID])])
+        self.on_new_event.assert_has_calls([call("typing_key", 2, rooms=[ROOM_ID])])
 
         self.assertEquals(self.event_source.get_current_key(), 2)
         events = self.event_source.get_new_events(room_ids=[ROOM_ID], from_key=1)
@@ -320,7 +320,7 @@ class TypingNotificationsTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
             )
         )
 
-        self.on_new_event.assert_has_calls([call('typing_key', 3, rooms=[ROOM_ID])])
+        self.on_new_event.assert_has_calls([call("typing_key", 3, rooms=[ROOM_ID])])
         self.on_new_event.reset_mock()
 
         self.assertEquals(self.event_source.get_current_key(), 3)
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_user_directory.py b/tests/handlers/test_user_directory.py
index 9021e647fe..b135486c48 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_user_directory.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_user_directory.py
@@ -60,15 +60,15 @@ class UserDirectoryTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         )
         profile = self.get_success(self.store.get_user_in_directory(support_user_id))
         self.assertTrue(profile is None)
-        display_name = 'display_name'
+        display_name = "display_name"
 
-        profile_info = ProfileInfo(avatar_url='avatar_url', display_name=display_name)
-        regular_user_id = '@regular:test'
+        profile_info = ProfileInfo(avatar_url="avatar_url", display_name=display_name)
+        regular_user_id = "@regular:test"
         self.get_success(
             self.handler.handle_local_profile_change(regular_user_id, profile_info)
         )
         profile = self.get_success(self.store.get_user_in_directory(regular_user_id))
-        self.assertTrue(profile['display_name'] == display_name)
+        self.assertTrue(profile["display_name"] == display_name)
 
     def test_handle_user_deactivated_support_user(self):
         s_user_id = "@support:test"
diff --git a/tests/http/federation/test_matrix_federation_agent.py b/tests/http/federation/test_matrix_federation_agent.py
index 6609d6b366..2fe3567dfa 100644
--- a/tests/http/federation/test_matrix_federation_agent.py
+++ b/tests/http/federation/test_matrix_federation_agent.py
@@ -53,13 +53,15 @@ def get_connection_factory():
     # this needs to happen once, but not until we are ready to run the first test
     global test_server_connection_factory
     if test_server_connection_factory is None:
-        test_server_connection_factory = TestServerTLSConnectionFactory(sanlist=[
-            b'DNS:testserv',
-            b'DNS:target-server',
-            b'DNS:xn--bcher-kva.com',
-            b'IP:1.2.3.4',
-            b'IP:::1',
-        ])
+        test_server_connection_factory = TestServerTLSConnectionFactory(
+            sanlist=[
+                b"DNS:testserv",
+                b"DNS:target-server",
+                b"DNS:xn--bcher-kva.com",
+                b"IP:1.2.3.4",
+                b"IP:::1",
+            ]
+        )
     return test_server_connection_factory
 
 
@@ -138,7 +140,7 @@ class MatrixFederationAgentTests(TestCase):
         Sends a simple GET request via the agent, and checks its logcontext management
         """
         with LoggingContext("one") as context:
-            fetch_d = self.agent.request(b'GET', uri)
+            fetch_d = self.agent.request(b"GET", uri)
 
             # Nothing happened yet
             self.assertNoResult(fetch_d)
@@ -182,9 +184,9 @@ class MatrixFederationAgentTests(TestCase):
         """Check that an incoming request looks like a valid .well-known request, and
         send back the response.
         """
-        self.assertEqual(request.method, b'GET')
-        self.assertEqual(request.path, b'/.well-known/matrix/server')
-        self.assertEqual(request.requestHeaders.getRawHeaders(b'host'), [b'testserv'])
+        self.assertEqual(request.method, b"GET")
+        self.assertEqual(request.path, b"/.well-known/matrix/server")
+        self.assertEqual(request.requestHeaders.getRawHeaders(b"host"), [b"testserv"])
         # send back a response
         for k, v in headers.items():
             request.setHeader(k, v)
@@ -207,7 +209,7 @@ class MatrixFederationAgentTests(TestCase):
         clients = self.reactor.tcpClients
         self.assertEqual(len(clients), 1)
         (host, port, client_factory, _timeout, _bindAddress) = clients[0]
-        self.assertEqual(host, '1.2.3.4')
+        self.assertEqual(host, "1.2.3.4")
         self.assertEqual(port, 8448)
 
         # make a test server, and wire up the client
@@ -215,20 +217,20 @@ class MatrixFederationAgentTests(TestCase):
 
         self.assertEqual(len(http_server.requests), 1)
         request = http_server.requests[0]
-        self.assertEqual(request.method, b'GET')
-        self.assertEqual(request.path, b'/foo/bar')
+        self.assertEqual(request.method, b"GET")
+        self.assertEqual(request.path, b"/foo/bar")
         self.assertEqual(
-            request.requestHeaders.getRawHeaders(b'host'), [b'testserv:8448']
+            request.requestHeaders.getRawHeaders(b"host"), [b"testserv:8448"]
         )
         content = request.content.read()
-        self.assertEqual(content, b'')
+        self.assertEqual(content, b"")
 
         # Deferred is still without a result
         self.assertNoResult(test_d)
 
         # send the headers
-        request.responseHeaders.setRawHeaders(b'Content-Type', [b'application/json'])
-        request.write('')
+        request.responseHeaders.setRawHeaders(b"Content-Type", [b"application/json"])
+        request.write("")
 
         self.reactor.pump((0.1,))
 
@@ -238,7 +240,7 @@ class MatrixFederationAgentTests(TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(response.code, 200)
 
         # Send the body
-        request.write('{ "a": 1 }'.encode('ascii'))
+        request.write('{ "a": 1 }'.encode("ascii"))
         request.finish()
 
         self.reactor.pump((0.1,))
@@ -263,7 +265,7 @@ class MatrixFederationAgentTests(TestCase):
         clients = self.reactor.tcpClients
         self.assertEqual(len(clients), 1)
         (host, port, client_factory, _timeout, _bindAddress) = clients[0]
-        self.assertEqual(host, '1.2.3.4')
+        self.assertEqual(host, "1.2.3.4")
         self.assertEqual(port, 8448)
 
         # make a test server, and wire up the client
@@ -271,9 +273,9 @@ class MatrixFederationAgentTests(TestCase):
 
         self.assertEqual(len(http_server.requests), 1)
         request = http_server.requests[0]
-        self.assertEqual(request.method, b'GET')
-        self.assertEqual(request.path, b'/foo/bar')
-        self.assertEqual(request.requestHeaders.getRawHeaders(b'host'), [b'1.2.3.4'])
+        self.assertEqual(request.method, b"GET")
+        self.assertEqual(request.path, b"/foo/bar")
+        self.assertEqual(request.requestHeaders.getRawHeaders(b"host"), [b"1.2.3.4"])
 
         # finish the request
         request.finish()
@@ -298,7 +300,7 @@ class MatrixFederationAgentTests(TestCase):
         clients = self.reactor.tcpClients
         self.assertEqual(len(clients), 1)
         (host, port, client_factory, _timeout, _bindAddress) = clients[0]
-        self.assertEqual(host, '::1')
+        self.assertEqual(host, "::1")
         self.assertEqual(port, 8448)
 
         # make a test server, and wire up the client
@@ -306,9 +308,9 @@ class MatrixFederationAgentTests(TestCase):
 
         self.assertEqual(len(http_server.requests), 1)
         request = http_server.requests[0]
-        self.assertEqual(request.method, b'GET')
-        self.assertEqual(request.path, b'/foo/bar')
-        self.assertEqual(request.requestHeaders.getRawHeaders(b'host'), [b'[::1]'])
+        self.assertEqual(request.method, b"GET")
+        self.assertEqual(request.path, b"/foo/bar")
+        self.assertEqual(request.requestHeaders.getRawHeaders(b"host"), [b"[::1]"])
 
         # finish the request
         request.finish()
@@ -333,7 +335,7 @@ class MatrixFederationAgentTests(TestCase):
         clients = self.reactor.tcpClients
         self.assertEqual(len(clients), 1)
         (host, port, client_factory, _timeout, _bindAddress) = clients[0]
-        self.assertEqual(host, '::1')
+        self.assertEqual(host, "::1")
         self.assertEqual(port, 80)
 
         # make a test server, and wire up the client
@@ -341,9 +343,9 @@ class MatrixFederationAgentTests(TestCase):
 
         self.assertEqual(len(http_server.requests), 1)
         request = http_server.requests[0]
-        self.assertEqual(request.method, b'GET')
-        self.assertEqual(request.path, b'/foo/bar')
-        self.assertEqual(request.requestHeaders.getRawHeaders(b'host'), [b'[::1]:80'])
+        self.assertEqual(request.method, b"GET")
+        self.assertEqual(request.path, b"/foo/bar")
+        self.assertEqual(request.requestHeaders.getRawHeaders(b"host"), [b"[::1]:80"])
 
         # finish the request
         request.finish()
@@ -369,7 +371,7 @@ class MatrixFederationAgentTests(TestCase):
         clients = self.reactor.tcpClients
         self.assertEqual(len(clients), 1)
         (host, port, client_factory, _timeout, _bindAddress) = clients[0]
-        self.assertEqual(host, '1.2.3.4')
+        self.assertEqual(host, "1.2.3.4")
         self.assertEqual(port, 443)
 
         # fonx the connection
@@ -387,11 +389,11 @@ class MatrixFederationAgentTests(TestCase):
         # we should fall back to a direct connection
         self.assertEqual(len(clients), 2)
         (host, port, client_factory, _timeout, _bindAddress) = clients[1]
-        self.assertEqual(host, '1.2.3.4')
+        self.assertEqual(host, "1.2.3.4")
         self.assertEqual(port, 8448)
 
         # make a test server, and wire up the client
-        http_server = self._make_connection(client_factory, expected_sni=b'testserv1')
+        http_server = self._make_connection(client_factory, expected_sni=b"testserv1")
 
         # there should be no requests
         self.assertEqual(len(http_server.requests), 0)
@@ -418,7 +420,7 @@ class MatrixFederationAgentTests(TestCase):
         clients = self.reactor.tcpClients
         self.assertEqual(len(clients), 1)
         (host, port, client_factory, _timeout, _bindAddress) = clients[0]
-        self.assertEqual(host, '1.2.3.5')
+        self.assertEqual(host, "1.2.3.5")
         self.assertEqual(port, 8448)
 
         # make a test server, and wire up the client
@@ -452,7 +454,7 @@ class MatrixFederationAgentTests(TestCase):
         clients = self.reactor.tcpClients
         self.assertEqual(len(clients), 1)
         (host, port, client_factory, _timeout, _bindAddress) = clients[0]
-        self.assertEqual(host, '1.2.3.4')
+        self.assertEqual(host, "1.2.3.4")
         self.assertEqual(port, 443)
 
         # fonx the connection
@@ -470,17 +472,17 @@ class MatrixFederationAgentTests(TestCase):
         # we should fall back to a direct connection
         self.assertEqual(len(clients), 2)
         (host, port, client_factory, _timeout, _bindAddress) = clients[1]
-        self.assertEqual(host, '1.2.3.4')
+        self.assertEqual(host, "1.2.3.4")
         self.assertEqual(port, 8448)
 
         # make a test server, and wire up the client
-        http_server = self._make_connection(client_factory, expected_sni=b'testserv')
+        http_server = self._make_connection(client_factory, expected_sni=b"testserv")
 
         self.assertEqual(len(http_server.requests), 1)
         request = http_server.requests[0]
-        self.assertEqual(request.method, b'GET')
-        self.assertEqual(request.path, b'/foo/bar')
-        self.assertEqual(request.requestHeaders.getRawHeaders(b'host'), [b'testserv'])
+        self.assertEqual(request.method, b"GET")
+        self.assertEqual(request.path, b"/foo/bar")
+        self.assertEqual(request.requestHeaders.getRawHeaders(b"host"), [b"testserv"])
 
         # finish the request
         request.finish()
@@ -504,7 +506,7 @@ class MatrixFederationAgentTests(TestCase):
         clients = self.reactor.tcpClients
         self.assertEqual(len(clients), 1)
         (host, port, client_factory, _timeout, _bindAddress) = clients[0]
-        self.assertEqual(host, '1.2.3.4')
+        self.assertEqual(host, "1.2.3.4")
         self.assertEqual(port, 443)
 
         self._handle_well_known_connection(
@@ -521,20 +523,20 @@ class MatrixFederationAgentTests(TestCase):
         # now we should get a connection to the target server
         self.assertEqual(len(clients), 2)
         (host, port, client_factory, _timeout, _bindAddress) = clients[1]
-        self.assertEqual(host, '1::f')
+        self.assertEqual(host, "1::f")
         self.assertEqual(port, 8448)
 
         # make a test server, and wire up the client
         http_server = self._make_connection(
-            client_factory, expected_sni=b'target-server'
+            client_factory, expected_sni=b"target-server"
         )
 
         self.assertEqual(len(http_server.requests), 1)
         request = http_server.requests[0]
-        self.assertEqual(request.method, b'GET')
-        self.assertEqual(request.path, b'/foo/bar')
+        self.assertEqual(request.method, b"GET")
+        self.assertEqual(request.path, b"/foo/bar")
         self.assertEqual(
-            request.requestHeaders.getRawHeaders(b'host'), [b'target-server']
+            request.requestHeaders.getRawHeaders(b"host"), [b"target-server"]
         )
 
         # finish the request
@@ -566,7 +568,7 @@ class MatrixFederationAgentTests(TestCase):
         clients = self.reactor.tcpClients
         self.assertEqual(len(clients), 1)
         (host, port, client_factory, _timeout, _bindAddress) = clients.pop()
-        self.assertEqual(host, '1.2.3.4')
+        self.assertEqual(host, "1.2.3.4")
         self.assertEqual(port, 443)
 
         redirect_server = self._make_connection(
@@ -576,7 +578,7 @@ class MatrixFederationAgentTests(TestCase):
         # send a 302 redirect
         self.assertEqual(len(redirect_server.requests), 1)
         request = redirect_server.requests[0]
-        request.redirect(b'https://testserv/even_better_known')
+        request.redirect(b"https://testserv/even_better_known")
         request.finish()
 
         self.reactor.pump((0.1,))
@@ -585,7 +587,7 @@ class MatrixFederationAgentTests(TestCase):
         clients = self.reactor.tcpClients
         self.assertEqual(len(clients), 1)
         (host, port, client_factory, _timeout, _bindAddress) = clients.pop()
-        self.assertEqual(host, '1.2.3.4')
+        self.assertEqual(host, "1.2.3.4")
         self.assertEqual(port, 443)
 
         well_known_server = self._make_connection(
@@ -594,8 +596,8 @@ class MatrixFederationAgentTests(TestCase):
 
         self.assertEqual(len(well_known_server.requests), 1, "No request after 302")
         request = well_known_server.requests[0]
-        self.assertEqual(request.method, b'GET')
-        self.assertEqual(request.path, b'/even_better_known')
+        self.assertEqual(request.method, b"GET")
+        self.assertEqual(request.path, b"/even_better_known")
         request.write(b'{ "m.server": "target-server" }')
         request.finish()
 
@@ -609,20 +611,20 @@ class MatrixFederationAgentTests(TestCase):
         # now we should get a connection to the target server
         self.assertEqual(len(clients), 1)
         (host, port, client_factory, _timeout, _bindAddress) = clients[0]
-        self.assertEqual(host, '1::f')
+        self.assertEqual(host, "1::f")
         self.assertEqual(port, 8448)
 
         # make a test server, and wire up the client
         http_server = self._make_connection(
-            client_factory, expected_sni=b'target-server'
+            client_factory, expected_sni=b"target-server"
         )
 
         self.assertEqual(len(http_server.requests), 1)
         request = http_server.requests[0]
-        self.assertEqual(request.method, b'GET')
-        self.assertEqual(request.path, b'/foo/bar')
+        self.assertEqual(request.method, b"GET")
+        self.assertEqual(request.path, b"/foo/bar")
         self.assertEqual(
-            request.requestHeaders.getRawHeaders(b'host'), [b'target-server']
+            request.requestHeaders.getRawHeaders(b"host"), [b"target-server"]
         )
 
         # finish the request
@@ -657,11 +659,11 @@ class MatrixFederationAgentTests(TestCase):
         clients = self.reactor.tcpClients
         self.assertEqual(len(clients), 1)
         (host, port, client_factory, _timeout, _bindAddress) = clients.pop()
-        self.assertEqual(host, '1.2.3.4')
+        self.assertEqual(host, "1.2.3.4")
         self.assertEqual(port, 443)
 
         self._handle_well_known_connection(
-            client_factory, expected_sni=b"testserv", content=b'NOT JSON'
+            client_factory, expected_sni=b"testserv", content=b"NOT JSON"
         )
 
         # now there should be a SRV lookup
@@ -672,17 +674,17 @@ class MatrixFederationAgentTests(TestCase):
         # we should fall back to a direct connection
         self.assertEqual(len(clients), 1)
         (host, port, client_factory, _timeout, _bindAddress) = clients.pop()
-        self.assertEqual(host, '1.2.3.4')
+        self.assertEqual(host, "1.2.3.4")
         self.assertEqual(port, 8448)
 
         # make a test server, and wire up the client
-        http_server = self._make_connection(client_factory, expected_sni=b'testserv')
+        http_server = self._make_connection(client_factory, expected_sni=b"testserv")
 
         self.assertEqual(len(http_server.requests), 1)
         request = http_server.requests[0]
-        self.assertEqual(request.method, b'GET')
-        self.assertEqual(request.path, b'/foo/bar')
-        self.assertEqual(request.requestHeaders.getRawHeaders(b'host'), [b'testserv'])
+        self.assertEqual(request.method, b"GET")
+        self.assertEqual(request.path, b"/foo/bar")
+        self.assertEqual(request.requestHeaders.getRawHeaders(b"host"), [b"testserv"])
 
         # finish the request
         request.finish()
@@ -717,12 +719,10 @@ class MatrixFederationAgentTests(TestCase):
         clients = self.reactor.tcpClients
         self.assertEqual(len(clients), 1)
         (host, port, client_factory, _timeout, _bindAddress) = clients[0]
-        self.assertEqual(host, '1.2.3.4')
+        self.assertEqual(host, "1.2.3.4")
         self.assertEqual(port, 443)
 
-        http_proto = self._make_connection(
-            client_factory, expected_sni=b"testserv",
-        )
+        http_proto = self._make_connection(client_factory, expected_sni=b"testserv")
 
         # there should be no requests
         self.assertEqual(len(http_proto.requests), 0)
@@ -755,17 +755,17 @@ class MatrixFederationAgentTests(TestCase):
         clients = self.reactor.tcpClients
         self.assertEqual(len(clients), 1)
         (host, port, client_factory, _timeout, _bindAddress) = clients[0]
-        self.assertEqual(host, '1.2.3.4')
+        self.assertEqual(host, "1.2.3.4")
         self.assertEqual(port, 8443)
 
         # make a test server, and wire up the client
-        http_server = self._make_connection(client_factory, expected_sni=b'testserv')
+        http_server = self._make_connection(client_factory, expected_sni=b"testserv")
 
         self.assertEqual(len(http_server.requests), 1)
         request = http_server.requests[0]
-        self.assertEqual(request.method, b'GET')
-        self.assertEqual(request.path, b'/foo/bar')
-        self.assertEqual(request.requestHeaders.getRawHeaders(b'host'), [b'testserv'])
+        self.assertEqual(request.method, b"GET")
+        self.assertEqual(request.path, b"/foo/bar")
+        self.assertEqual(request.requestHeaders.getRawHeaders(b"host"), [b"testserv"])
 
         # finish the request
         request.finish()
@@ -788,7 +788,7 @@ class MatrixFederationAgentTests(TestCase):
         clients = self.reactor.tcpClients
         self.assertEqual(len(clients), 1)
         (host, port, client_factory, _timeout, _bindAddress) = clients[0]
-        self.assertEqual(host, '1.2.3.4')
+        self.assertEqual(host, "1.2.3.4")
         self.assertEqual(port, 443)
 
         self.mock_resolver.resolve_service.side_effect = lambda _: [
@@ -809,20 +809,20 @@ class MatrixFederationAgentTests(TestCase):
         # now we should get a connection to the target of the SRV record
         self.assertEqual(len(clients), 2)
         (host, port, client_factory, _timeout, _bindAddress) = clients[1]
-        self.assertEqual(host, '5.6.7.8')
+        self.assertEqual(host, "5.6.7.8")
         self.assertEqual(port, 8443)
 
         # make a test server, and wire up the client
         http_server = self._make_connection(
-            client_factory, expected_sni=b'target-server'
+            client_factory, expected_sni=b"target-server"
         )
 
         self.assertEqual(len(http_server.requests), 1)
         request = http_server.requests[0]
-        self.assertEqual(request.method, b'GET')
-        self.assertEqual(request.path, b'/foo/bar')
+        self.assertEqual(request.method, b"GET")
+        self.assertEqual(request.path, b"/foo/bar")
         self.assertEqual(
-            request.requestHeaders.getRawHeaders(b'host'), [b'target-server']
+            request.requestHeaders.getRawHeaders(b"host"), [b"target-server"]
         )
 
         # finish the request
@@ -851,7 +851,7 @@ class MatrixFederationAgentTests(TestCase):
         clients = self.reactor.tcpClients
         self.assertEqual(len(clients), 1)
         (host, port, client_factory, _timeout, _bindAddress) = clients[0]
-        self.assertEqual(host, '1.2.3.4')
+        self.assertEqual(host, "1.2.3.4")
         self.assertEqual(port, 443)
 
         # fonx the connection
@@ -870,20 +870,20 @@ class MatrixFederationAgentTests(TestCase):
         clients = self.reactor.tcpClients
         self.assertEqual(len(clients), 2)
         (host, port, client_factory, _timeout, _bindAddress) = clients[1]
-        self.assertEqual(host, '1.2.3.4')
+        self.assertEqual(host, "1.2.3.4")
         self.assertEqual(port, 8448)
 
         # make a test server, and wire up the client
         http_server = self._make_connection(
-            client_factory, expected_sni=b'xn--bcher-kva.com'
+            client_factory, expected_sni=b"xn--bcher-kva.com"
         )
 
         self.assertEqual(len(http_server.requests), 1)
         request = http_server.requests[0]
-        self.assertEqual(request.method, b'GET')
-        self.assertEqual(request.path, b'/foo/bar')
+        self.assertEqual(request.method, b"GET")
+        self.assertEqual(request.path, b"/foo/bar")
         self.assertEqual(
-            request.requestHeaders.getRawHeaders(b'host'), [b'xn--bcher-kva.com']
+            request.requestHeaders.getRawHeaders(b"host"), [b"xn--bcher-kva.com"]
         )
 
         # finish the request
@@ -912,20 +912,20 @@ class MatrixFederationAgentTests(TestCase):
         clients = self.reactor.tcpClients
         self.assertEqual(len(clients), 1)
         (host, port, client_factory, _timeout, _bindAddress) = clients[0]
-        self.assertEqual(host, '1.2.3.4')
+        self.assertEqual(host, "1.2.3.4")
         self.assertEqual(port, 8443)
 
         # make a test server, and wire up the client
         http_server = self._make_connection(
-            client_factory, expected_sni=b'xn--bcher-kva.com'
+            client_factory, expected_sni=b"xn--bcher-kva.com"
         )
 
         self.assertEqual(len(http_server.requests), 1)
         request = http_server.requests[0]
-        self.assertEqual(request.method, b'GET')
-        self.assertEqual(request.path, b'/foo/bar')
+        self.assertEqual(request.method, b"GET")
+        self.assertEqual(request.path, b"/foo/bar")
         self.assertEqual(
-            request.requestHeaders.getRawHeaders(b'host'), [b'xn--bcher-kva.com']
+            request.requestHeaders.getRawHeaders(b"host"), [b"xn--bcher-kva.com"]
         )
 
         # finish the request
@@ -946,42 +946,42 @@ class MatrixFederationAgentTests(TestCase):
     def test_well_known_cache(self):
         self.reactor.lookups["testserv"] = "1.2.3.4"
 
-        fetch_d = self.do_get_well_known(b'testserv')
+        fetch_d = self.do_get_well_known(b"testserv")
 
         # there should be an attempt to connect on port 443 for the .well-known
         clients = self.reactor.tcpClients
         self.assertEqual(len(clients), 1)
         (host, port, client_factory, _timeout, _bindAddress) = clients.pop(0)
-        self.assertEqual(host, '1.2.3.4')
+        self.assertEqual(host, "1.2.3.4")
         self.assertEqual(port, 443)
 
         well_known_server = self._handle_well_known_connection(
             client_factory,
             expected_sni=b"testserv",
-            response_headers={b'Cache-Control': b'max-age=10'},
+            response_headers={b"Cache-Control": b"max-age=10"},
             content=b'{ "m.server": "target-server" }',
         )
 
         r = self.successResultOf(fetch_d)
-        self.assertEqual(r, b'target-server')
+        self.assertEqual(r, b"target-server")
 
         # close the tcp connection
         well_known_server.loseConnection()
 
         # repeat the request: it should hit the cache
-        fetch_d = self.do_get_well_known(b'testserv')
+        fetch_d = self.do_get_well_known(b"testserv")
         r = self.successResultOf(fetch_d)
-        self.assertEqual(r, b'target-server')
+        self.assertEqual(r, b"target-server")
 
         # expire the cache
         self.reactor.pump((10.0,))
 
         # now it should connect again
-        fetch_d = self.do_get_well_known(b'testserv')
+        fetch_d = self.do_get_well_known(b"testserv")
 
         self.assertEqual(len(clients), 1)
         (host, port, client_factory, _timeout, _bindAddress) = clients.pop(0)
-        self.assertEqual(host, '1.2.3.4')
+        self.assertEqual(host, "1.2.3.4")
         self.assertEqual(port, 443)
 
         self._handle_well_known_connection(
@@ -991,7 +991,7 @@ class MatrixFederationAgentTests(TestCase):
         )
 
         r = self.successResultOf(fetch_d)
-        self.assertEqual(r, b'other-server')
+        self.assertEqual(r, b"other-server")
 
 
 class TestCachePeriodFromHeaders(TestCase):
@@ -999,27 +999,27 @@ class TestCachePeriodFromHeaders(TestCase):
         # uppercase
         self.assertEqual(
             _cache_period_from_headers(
-                Headers({b'Cache-Control': [b'foo, Max-Age = 100, bar']})
+                Headers({b"Cache-Control": [b"foo, Max-Age = 100, bar"]})
             ),
             100,
         )
 
         # missing value
         self.assertIsNone(
-            _cache_period_from_headers(Headers({b'Cache-Control': [b'max-age=, bar']}))
+            _cache_period_from_headers(Headers({b"Cache-Control": [b"max-age=, bar"]}))
         )
 
         # hackernews: bogus due to semicolon
         self.assertIsNone(
             _cache_period_from_headers(
-                Headers({b'Cache-Control': [b'private; max-age=0']})
+                Headers({b"Cache-Control": [b"private; max-age=0"]})
             )
         )
 
         # github
         self.assertEqual(
             _cache_period_from_headers(
-                Headers({b'Cache-Control': [b'max-age=0, private, must-revalidate']})
+                Headers({b"Cache-Control": [b"max-age=0, private, must-revalidate"]})
             ),
             0,
         )
@@ -1027,7 +1027,7 @@ class TestCachePeriodFromHeaders(TestCase):
         # google
         self.assertEqual(
             _cache_period_from_headers(
-                Headers({b'cache-control': [b'private, max-age=0']})
+                Headers({b"cache-control": [b"private, max-age=0"]})
             ),
             0,
         )
@@ -1035,7 +1035,7 @@ class TestCachePeriodFromHeaders(TestCase):
     def test_expires(self):
         self.assertEqual(
             _cache_period_from_headers(
-                Headers({b'Expires': [b'Wed, 30 Jan 2019 07:35:33 GMT']}),
+                Headers({b"Expires": [b"Wed, 30 Jan 2019 07:35:33 GMT"]}),
                 time_now=lambda: 1548833700,
             ),
             33,
@@ -1046,8 +1046,8 @@ class TestCachePeriodFromHeaders(TestCase):
             _cache_period_from_headers(
                 Headers(
                     {
-                        b'cache-control': [b'max-age=10'],
-                        b'Expires': [b'Wed, 30 Jan 2019 07:35:33 GMT'],
+                        b"cache-control": [b"max-age=10"],
+                        b"Expires": [b"Wed, 30 Jan 2019 07:35:33 GMT"],
                     }
                 ),
                 time_now=lambda: 1548833700,
@@ -1056,7 +1056,7 @@ class TestCachePeriodFromHeaders(TestCase):
         )
 
         # invalid expires means immediate expiry
-        self.assertEqual(_cache_period_from_headers(Headers({b'Expires': [b'0']})), 0)
+        self.assertEqual(_cache_period_from_headers(Headers({b"Expires": [b"0"]})), 0)
 
 
 def _check_logcontext(context):
diff --git a/tests/http/federation/test_srv_resolver.py b/tests/http/federation/test_srv_resolver.py
index 034c0db8d2..cf6c6e95b5 100644
--- a/tests/http/federation/test_srv_resolver.py
+++ b/tests/http/federation/test_srv_resolver.py
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ class SrvResolverTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_from_cache(self):
         clock = MockClock()
 
-        dns_client_mock = Mock(spec_set=['lookupService'])
+        dns_client_mock = Mock(spec_set=["lookupService"])
         dns_client_mock.lookupService = Mock(spec_set=[])
 
         service_name = b"test_service.example.com"
diff --git a/tests/http/test_endpoint.py b/tests/http/test_endpoint.py
index 3b0155ed03..b2e9533b07 100644
--- a/tests/http/test_endpoint.py
+++ b/tests/http/test_endpoint.py
@@ -20,12 +20,12 @@ from tests import unittest
 class ServerNameTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_parse_server_name(self):
         test_data = {
-            'localhost': ('localhost', None),
-            'my-example.com:1234': ('my-example.com', 1234),
-            '1.2.3.4': ('1.2.3.4', None),
-            '[0abc:1def::1234]': ('[0abc:1def::1234]', None),
-            '1.2.3.4:1': ('1.2.3.4', 1),
-            '[0abc:1def::1234]:8080': ('[0abc:1def::1234]', 8080),
+            "localhost": ("localhost", None),
+            "my-example.com:1234": ("my-example.com", 1234),
+            "1.2.3.4": ("1.2.3.4", None),
+            "[0abc:1def::1234]": ("[0abc:1def::1234]", None),
+            "1.2.3.4:1": ("1.2.3.4", 1),
+            "[0abc:1def::1234]:8080": ("[0abc:1def::1234]", 8080),
         }
 
         for i, o in test_data.items():
diff --git a/tests/http/test_fedclient.py b/tests/http/test_fedclient.py
index ee767f3a5a..c4c0d9b968 100644
--- a/tests/http/test_fedclient.py
+++ b/tests/http/test_fedclient.py
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ class FederationClientTests(HomeserverTestCase):
         clients = self.reactor.tcpClients
         self.assertEqual(len(clients), 1)
         (host, port, factory, _timeout, _bindAddress) = clients[0]
-        self.assertEqual(host, '1.2.3.4')
+        self.assertEqual(host, "1.2.3.4")
         self.assertEqual(port, 8008)
 
         # complete the connection and wire it up to a fake transport
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ class FederationClientTests(HomeserverTestCase):
         self.assertNoResult(test_d)
 
         # Send it the HTTP response
-        res_json = '{ "a": 1 }'.encode('ascii')
+        res_json = '{ "a": 1 }'.encode("ascii")
         protocol.dataReceived(
             b"HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n"
             b"Server: Fake\r\n"
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ class FederationClientTests(HomeserverTestCase):
         clients = self.reactor.tcpClients
         self.assertEqual(len(clients), 1)
         (host, port, factory, _timeout, _bindAddress) = clients[0]
-        self.assertEqual(host, '1.2.3.4')
+        self.assertEqual(host, "1.2.3.4")
         self.assertEqual(port, 8008)
         e = Exception("go away")
         factory.clientConnectionFailed(None, e)
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ class FederationClientTests(HomeserverTestCase):
         # Make sure treq is trying to connect
         clients = self.reactor.tcpClients
         self.assertEqual(len(clients), 1)
-        self.assertEqual(clients[0][0], '1.2.3.4')
+        self.assertEqual(clients[0][0], "1.2.3.4")
         self.assertEqual(clients[0][1], 8008)
 
         # Deferred is still without a result
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ class FederationClientTests(HomeserverTestCase):
         # Make sure treq is trying to connect
         clients = self.reactor.tcpClients
         self.assertEqual(len(clients), 1)
-        self.assertEqual(clients[0][0], '1.2.3.4')
+        self.assertEqual(clients[0][0], "1.2.3.4")
         self.assertEqual(clients[0][1], 8008)
 
         conn = Mock()
@@ -215,10 +215,9 @@ class FederationClientTests(HomeserverTestCase):
         """Ensure that Synapse does not try to connect to blacklisted IPs"""
 
         # Set up the ip_range blacklist
-        self.hs.config.federation_ip_range_blacklist = IPSet([
-            "127.0.0.0/8",
-            "fe80::/64",
-        ])
+        self.hs.config.federation_ip_range_blacklist = IPSet(
+            ["127.0.0.0/8", "fe80::/64"]
+        )
         self.reactor.lookups["internal"] = "127.0.0.1"
         self.reactor.lookups["internalv6"] = "fe80:0:0:0:0:8a2e:370:7337"
         self.reactor.lookups["fine"] = "10.20.30.40"
@@ -382,7 +381,7 @@ class FederationClientTests(HomeserverTestCase):
             b"Content-Type: application/json\r\n"
             b"Content-Length: 2\r\n"
             b"\r\n"
-            b'{}'
+            b"{}"
         )
 
         # We should get a successful response
diff --git a/tests/push/test_email.py b/tests/push/test_email.py
index 72760a0733..358b593cd4 100644
--- a/tests/push/test_email.py
+++ b/tests/push/test_email.py
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ class EmailPusherTests(HomeserverTestCase):
         config["email"] = {
             "enable_notifs": True,
             "template_dir": os.path.abspath(
-                pkg_resources.resource_filename('synapse', 'res/templates')
+                pkg_resources.resource_filename("synapse", "res/templates")
             ),
             "expiry_template_html": "notice_expiry.html",
             "expiry_template_text": "notice_expiry.txt",
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ class EmailPusherTests(HomeserverTestCase):
         # Create a simple room with two users
         room = self.helper.create_room_as(self.user_id, tok=self.access_token)
         self.helper.invite(
-            room=room, src=self.user_id, tok=self.access_token, targ=self.others[0].id,
+            room=room, src=self.user_id, tok=self.access_token, targ=self.others[0].id
         )
         self.helper.join(room=room, user=self.others[0].id, tok=self.others[0].token)
 
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ class EmailPusherTests(HomeserverTestCase):
 
         for other in self.others:
             self.helper.invite(
-                room=room, src=self.user_id, tok=self.access_token, targ=other.id,
+                room=room, src=self.user_id, tok=self.access_token, targ=other.id
             )
             self.helper.join(room=room, user=other.id, tok=other.token)
 
diff --git a/tests/rest/admin/test_admin.py b/tests/rest/admin/test_admin.py
index e5fc2fcd15..b62ab36fda 100644
--- a/tests/rest/admin/test_admin.py
+++ b/tests/rest/admin/test_admin.py
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ from tests import unittest
 
 
 class VersionTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
-    url = '/_synapse/admin/v1/server_version'
+    url = "/_synapse/admin/v1/server_version"
 
     def create_test_json_resource(self):
         resource = JsonResource(self.hs)
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ class VersionTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
         self.assertEqual(200, int(channel.result["code"]), msg=channel.result["body"])
         self.assertEqual(
-            {'server_version', 'python_version'}, set(channel.json_body.keys())
+            {"server_version", "python_version"}, set(channel.json_body.keys())
         )
 
 
@@ -82,12 +82,12 @@ class UserRegisterTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         """
         self.hs.config.registration_shared_secret = None
 
-        request, channel = self.make_request("POST", self.url, b'{}')
+        request, channel = self.make_request("POST", self.url, b"{}")
         self.render(request)
 
         self.assertEqual(400, int(channel.result["code"]), msg=channel.result["body"])
         self.assertEqual(
-            'Shared secret registration is not enabled', channel.json_body["error"]
+            "Shared secret registration is not enabled", channel.json_body["error"]
         )
 
     def test_get_nonce(self):
@@ -118,20 +118,20 @@ class UserRegisterTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         self.reactor.advance(59)
 
         body = json.dumps({"nonce": nonce})
-        request, channel = self.make_request("POST", self.url, body.encode('utf8'))
+        request, channel = self.make_request("POST", self.url, body.encode("utf8"))
         self.render(request)
 
         self.assertEqual(400, int(channel.result["code"]), msg=channel.result["body"])
-        self.assertEqual('username must be specified', channel.json_body["error"])
+        self.assertEqual("username must be specified", channel.json_body["error"])
 
         # 61 seconds
         self.reactor.advance(2)
 
-        request, channel = self.make_request("POST", self.url, body.encode('utf8'))
+        request, channel = self.make_request("POST", self.url, body.encode("utf8"))
         self.render(request)
 
         self.assertEqual(400, int(channel.result["code"]), msg=channel.result["body"])
-        self.assertEqual('unrecognised nonce', channel.json_body["error"])
+        self.assertEqual("unrecognised nonce", channel.json_body["error"])
 
     def test_register_incorrect_nonce(self):
         """
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ class UserRegisterTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
                 "mac": want_mac,
             }
         )
-        request, channel = self.make_request("POST", self.url, body.encode('utf8'))
+        request, channel = self.make_request("POST", self.url, body.encode("utf8"))
         self.render(request)
 
         self.assertEqual(403, int(channel.result["code"]), msg=channel.result["body"])
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ class UserRegisterTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
         want_mac = hmac.new(key=b"shared", digestmod=hashlib.sha1)
         want_mac.update(
-            nonce.encode('ascii') + b"\x00bob\x00abc123\x00admin\x00support"
+            nonce.encode("ascii") + b"\x00bob\x00abc123\x00admin\x00support"
         )
         want_mac = want_mac.hexdigest()
 
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ class UserRegisterTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
                 "mac": want_mac,
             }
         )
-        request, channel = self.make_request("POST", self.url, body.encode('utf8'))
+        request, channel = self.make_request("POST", self.url, body.encode("utf8"))
         self.render(request)
 
         self.assertEqual(200, int(channel.result["code"]), msg=channel.result["body"])
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ class UserRegisterTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         nonce = channel.json_body["nonce"]
 
         want_mac = hmac.new(key=b"shared", digestmod=hashlib.sha1)
-        want_mac.update(nonce.encode('ascii') + b"\x00bob\x00abc123\x00admin")
+        want_mac.update(nonce.encode("ascii") + b"\x00bob\x00abc123\x00admin")
         want_mac = want_mac.hexdigest()
 
         body = json.dumps(
@@ -212,18 +212,18 @@ class UserRegisterTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
                 "mac": want_mac,
             }
         )
-        request, channel = self.make_request("POST", self.url, body.encode('utf8'))
+        request, channel = self.make_request("POST", self.url, body.encode("utf8"))
         self.render(request)
 
         self.assertEqual(200, int(channel.result["code"]), msg=channel.result["body"])
         self.assertEqual("@bob:test", channel.json_body["user_id"])
 
         # Now, try and reuse it
-        request, channel = self.make_request("POST", self.url, body.encode('utf8'))
+        request, channel = self.make_request("POST", self.url, body.encode("utf8"))
         self.render(request)
 
         self.assertEqual(400, int(channel.result["code"]), msg=channel.result["body"])
-        self.assertEqual('unrecognised nonce', channel.json_body["error"])
+        self.assertEqual("unrecognised nonce", channel.json_body["error"])
 
     def test_missing_parts(self):
         """
@@ -243,11 +243,11 @@ class UserRegisterTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
         # Must be present
         body = json.dumps({})
-        request, channel = self.make_request("POST", self.url, body.encode('utf8'))
+        request, channel = self.make_request("POST", self.url, body.encode("utf8"))
         self.render(request)
 
         self.assertEqual(400, int(channel.result["code"]), msg=channel.result["body"])
-        self.assertEqual('nonce must be specified', channel.json_body["error"])
+        self.assertEqual("nonce must be specified", channel.json_body["error"])
 
         #
         # Username checks
@@ -255,35 +255,35 @@ class UserRegisterTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
         # Must be present
         body = json.dumps({"nonce": nonce()})
-        request, channel = self.make_request("POST", self.url, body.encode('utf8'))
+        request, channel = self.make_request("POST", self.url, body.encode("utf8"))
         self.render(request)
 
         self.assertEqual(400, int(channel.result["code"]), msg=channel.result["body"])
-        self.assertEqual('username must be specified', channel.json_body["error"])
+        self.assertEqual("username must be specified", channel.json_body["error"])
 
         # Must be a string
         body = json.dumps({"nonce": nonce(), "username": 1234})
-        request, channel = self.make_request("POST", self.url, body.encode('utf8'))
+        request, channel = self.make_request("POST", self.url, body.encode("utf8"))
         self.render(request)
 
         self.assertEqual(400, int(channel.result["code"]), msg=channel.result["body"])
-        self.assertEqual('Invalid username', channel.json_body["error"])
+        self.assertEqual("Invalid username", channel.json_body["error"])
 
         # Must not have null bytes
         body = json.dumps({"nonce": nonce(), "username": u"abcd\u0000"})
-        request, channel = self.make_request("POST", self.url, body.encode('utf8'))
+        request, channel = self.make_request("POST", self.url, body.encode("utf8"))
         self.render(request)
 
         self.assertEqual(400, int(channel.result["code"]), msg=channel.result["body"])
-        self.assertEqual('Invalid username', channel.json_body["error"])
+        self.assertEqual("Invalid username", channel.json_body["error"])
 
         # Must not have null bytes
         body = json.dumps({"nonce": nonce(), "username": "a" * 1000})
-        request, channel = self.make_request("POST", self.url, body.encode('utf8'))
+        request, channel = self.make_request("POST", self.url, body.encode("utf8"))
         self.render(request)
 
         self.assertEqual(400, int(channel.result["code"]), msg=channel.result["body"])
-        self.assertEqual('Invalid username', channel.json_body["error"])
+        self.assertEqual("Invalid username", channel.json_body["error"])
 
         #
         # Password checks
@@ -291,37 +291,37 @@ class UserRegisterTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
         # Must be present
         body = json.dumps({"nonce": nonce(), "username": "a"})
-        request, channel = self.make_request("POST", self.url, body.encode('utf8'))
+        request, channel = self.make_request("POST", self.url, body.encode("utf8"))
         self.render(request)
 
         self.assertEqual(400, int(channel.result["code"]), msg=channel.result["body"])
-        self.assertEqual('password must be specified', channel.json_body["error"])
+        self.assertEqual("password must be specified", channel.json_body["error"])
 
         # Must be a string
         body = json.dumps({"nonce": nonce(), "username": "a", "password": 1234})
-        request, channel = self.make_request("POST", self.url, body.encode('utf8'))
+        request, channel = self.make_request("POST", self.url, body.encode("utf8"))
         self.render(request)
 
         self.assertEqual(400, int(channel.result["code"]), msg=channel.result["body"])
-        self.assertEqual('Invalid password', channel.json_body["error"])
+        self.assertEqual("Invalid password", channel.json_body["error"])
 
         # Must not have null bytes
         body = json.dumps(
             {"nonce": nonce(), "username": "a", "password": u"abcd\u0000"}
         )
-        request, channel = self.make_request("POST", self.url, body.encode('utf8'))
+        request, channel = self.make_request("POST", self.url, body.encode("utf8"))
         self.render(request)
 
         self.assertEqual(400, int(channel.result["code"]), msg=channel.result["body"])
-        self.assertEqual('Invalid password', channel.json_body["error"])
+        self.assertEqual("Invalid password", channel.json_body["error"])
 
         # Super long
         body = json.dumps({"nonce": nonce(), "username": "a", "password": "A" * 1000})
-        request, channel = self.make_request("POST", self.url, body.encode('utf8'))
+        request, channel = self.make_request("POST", self.url, body.encode("utf8"))
         self.render(request)
 
         self.assertEqual(400, int(channel.result["code"]), msg=channel.result["body"])
-        self.assertEqual('Invalid password', channel.json_body["error"])
+        self.assertEqual("Invalid password", channel.json_body["error"])
 
         #
         # user_type check
@@ -336,11 +336,11 @@ class UserRegisterTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
                 "user_type": "invalid",
             }
         )
-        request, channel = self.make_request("POST", self.url, body.encode('utf8'))
+        request, channel = self.make_request("POST", self.url, body.encode("utf8"))
         self.render(request)
 
         self.assertEqual(400, int(channel.result["code"]), msg=channel.result["body"])
-        self.assertEqual('Invalid user type', channel.json_body["error"])
+        self.assertEqual("Invalid user type", channel.json_body["error"])
 
 
 class ShutdownRoomTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
@@ -396,7 +396,7 @@ class ShutdownRoomTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         url = "admin/shutdown_room/" + room_id
         request, channel = self.make_request(
             "POST",
-            url.encode('ascii'),
+            url.encode("ascii"),
             json.dumps({"new_room_user_id": self.admin_user}),
             access_token=self.admin_user_tok,
         )
@@ -421,7 +421,7 @@ class ShutdownRoomTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         url = "rooms/%s/state/m.room.history_visibility" % (room_id,)
         request, channel = self.make_request(
             "PUT",
-            url.encode('ascii'),
+            url.encode("ascii"),
             json.dumps({"history_visibility": "world_readable"}),
             access_token=self.other_user_token,
         )
@@ -432,7 +432,7 @@ class ShutdownRoomTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         url = "admin/shutdown_room/" + room_id
         request, channel = self.make_request(
             "POST",
-            url.encode('ascii'),
+            url.encode("ascii"),
             json.dumps({"new_room_user_id": self.admin_user}),
             access_token=self.admin_user_tok,
         )
@@ -449,7 +449,7 @@ class ShutdownRoomTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
         url = "rooms/%s/initialSync" % (room_id,)
         request, channel = self.make_request(
-            "GET", url.encode('ascii'), access_token=self.admin_user_tok
+            "GET", url.encode("ascii"), access_token=self.admin_user_tok
         )
         self.render(request)
         self.assertEqual(
@@ -458,7 +458,7 @@ class ShutdownRoomTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
         url = "events?timeout=0&room_id=" + room_id
         request, channel = self.make_request(
-            "GET", url.encode('ascii'), access_token=self.admin_user_tok
+            "GET", url.encode("ascii"), access_token=self.admin_user_tok
         )
         self.render(request)
         self.assertEqual(
@@ -486,7 +486,7 @@ class DeleteGroupTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         # Create a new group
         request, channel = self.make_request(
             "POST",
-            "/create_group".encode('ascii'),
+            "/create_group".encode("ascii"),
             access_token=self.admin_user_tok,
             content={"localpart": "test"},
         )
@@ -502,14 +502,14 @@ class DeleteGroupTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
         url = "/groups/%s/admin/users/invite/%s" % (group_id, self.other_user)
         request, channel = self.make_request(
-            "PUT", url.encode('ascii'), access_token=self.admin_user_tok, content={}
+            "PUT", url.encode("ascii"), access_token=self.admin_user_tok, content={}
         )
         self.render(request)
         self.assertEqual(200, int(channel.result["code"]), msg=channel.result["body"])
 
         url = "/groups/%s/self/accept_invite" % (group_id,)
         request, channel = self.make_request(
-            "PUT", url.encode('ascii'), access_token=self.other_user_token, content={}
+            "PUT", url.encode("ascii"), access_token=self.other_user_token, content={}
         )
         self.render(request)
         self.assertEqual(200, int(channel.result["code"]), msg=channel.result["body"])
@@ -522,7 +522,7 @@ class DeleteGroupTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         url = "/admin/delete_group/" + group_id
         request, channel = self.make_request(
             "POST",
-            url.encode('ascii'),
+            url.encode("ascii"),
             access_token=self.admin_user_tok,
             content={"localpart": "test"},
         )
@@ -544,7 +544,7 @@ class DeleteGroupTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
         url = "/groups/%s/profile" % (group_id,)
         request, channel = self.make_request(
-            "GET", url.encode('ascii'), access_token=self.admin_user_tok
+            "GET", url.encode("ascii"), access_token=self.admin_user_tok
         )
 
         self.render(request)
@@ -556,7 +556,7 @@ class DeleteGroupTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         """Returns the list of groups the user is in (given their access token)
         """
         request, channel = self.make_request(
-            "GET", "/joined_groups".encode('ascii'), access_token=access_token
+            "GET", "/joined_groups".encode("ascii"), access_token=access_token
         )
 
         self.render(request)
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/test_consent.py b/tests/rest/client/test_consent.py
index efc5a99db3..6803b372ac 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/test_consent.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/test_consent.py
@@ -42,17 +42,17 @@ class ConsentResourceTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         # Make some temporary templates...
         temp_consent_path = self.mktemp()
         os.mkdir(temp_consent_path)
-        os.mkdir(os.path.join(temp_consent_path, 'en'))
+        os.mkdir(os.path.join(temp_consent_path, "en"))
 
         config["user_consent"] = {
             "version": "1",
             "template_dir": os.path.abspath(temp_consent_path),
         }
 
-        with open(os.path.join(temp_consent_path, "en/1.html"), 'w') as f:
+        with open(os.path.join(temp_consent_path, "en/1.html"), "w") as f:
             f.write("{{version}},{{has_consented}}")
 
-        with open(os.path.join(temp_consent_path, "en/success.html"), 'w') as f:
+        with open(os.path.join(temp_consent_path, "en/success.html"), "w") as f:
             f.write("yay!")
 
         hs = self.setup_test_homeserver(config=config)
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ class ConsentResourceTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(channel.code, 200)
 
         # Get the version from the body, and whether we've consented
-        version, consented = channel.result["body"].decode('ascii').split(",")
+        version, consented = channel.result["body"].decode("ascii").split(",")
         self.assertEqual(consented, "False")
 
         # POST to the consent page, saying we've agreed
@@ -111,6 +111,6 @@ class ConsentResourceTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
         # Get the version from the body, and check that it's the version we
         # agreed to, and that we've consented to it.
-        version, consented = channel.result["body"].decode('ascii').split(",")
+        version, consented = channel.result["body"].decode("ascii").split(",")
         self.assertEqual(consented, "True")
         self.assertEqual(version, "1")
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/test_identity.py b/tests/rest/client/test_identity.py
index c9b9eff83e..f81f81602e 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/test_identity.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/test_identity.py
@@ -39,9 +39,7 @@ class IdentityDisabledTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
     def make_homeserver(self, reactor, clock):
 
         config = self.default_config()
-        config["trusted_third_party_id_servers"] = [
-            "testis",
-        ]
+        config["trusted_third_party_id_servers"] = ["testis"]
         config["enable_3pid_lookup"] = False
         self.hs = self.setup_test_homeserver(config=config)
 
@@ -53,7 +51,7 @@ class IdentityDisabledTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
     def test_3pid_invite_disabled(self):
         request, channel = self.make_request(
-            b"POST", "/createRoom", b"{}", access_token=self.tok,
+            b"POST", "/createRoom", b"{}", access_token=self.tok
         )
         self.render(request)
         self.assertEquals(channel.result["code"], b"200", channel.result)
@@ -65,18 +63,18 @@ class IdentityDisabledTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
             "address": "test@example.com",
         }
         request_data = json.dumps(params)
-        request_url = (
-            "/rooms/%s/invite" % (room_id)
-        ).encode('ascii')
+        request_url = ("/rooms/%s/invite" % (room_id)).encode("ascii")
         request, channel = self.make_request(
-            b"POST", request_url, request_data, access_token=self.tok,
+            b"POST", request_url, request_data, access_token=self.tok
         )
         self.render(request)
         self.assertEquals(channel.result["code"], b"403", channel.result)
 
     def test_3pid_lookup_disabled(self):
-        url = ("/_matrix/client/unstable/account/3pid/lookup"
-               "?id_server=testis&medium=email&address=foo@bar.baz")
+        url = (
+            "/_matrix/client/unstable/account/3pid/lookup"
+            "?id_server=testis&medium=email&address=foo@bar.baz"
+        )
         request, channel = self.make_request("GET", url, access_token=self.tok)
         self.render(request)
         self.assertEqual(channel.result["code"], b"403", channel.result)
@@ -85,20 +83,11 @@ class IdentityDisabledTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         url = "/_matrix/client/unstable/account/3pid/bulk_lookup"
         data = {
             "id_server": "testis",
-            "threepids": [
-                [
-                    "email",
-                    "foo@bar.baz"
-                ],
-                [
-                    "email",
-                    "john.doe@matrix.org"
-                ]
-            ]
+            "threepids": [["email", "foo@bar.baz"], ["email", "john.doe@matrix.org"]],
         }
         request_data = json.dumps(data)
         request, channel = self.make_request(
-            "POST", url, request_data, access_token=self.tok,
+            "POST", url, request_data, access_token=self.tok
         )
         self.render(request)
         self.assertEqual(channel.result["code"], b"403", channel.result)
@@ -118,20 +107,14 @@ class IdentityEnabledTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
         config = self.default_config()
         config["enable_3pid_lookup"] = True
-        config["trusted_third_party_id_servers"] = [
-            "testis",
-        ]
-
-        mock_http_client = Mock(spec=[
-            "get_json",
-            "post_json_get_json",
-        ])
+        config["trusted_third_party_id_servers"] = ["testis"]
+
+        mock_http_client = Mock(spec=["get_json", "post_json_get_json"])
         mock_http_client.get_json.return_value = defer.succeed((200, "{}"))
         mock_http_client.post_json_get_json.return_value = defer.succeed((200, "{}"))
 
         self.hs = self.setup_test_homeserver(
-            config=config,
-            simple_http_client=mock_http_client,
+            config=config, simple_http_client=mock_http_client
         )
 
         return self.hs
@@ -142,7 +125,7 @@ class IdentityEnabledTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
     def test_3pid_invite_enabled(self):
         request, channel = self.make_request(
-            b"POST", "/createRoom", b"{}", access_token=self.tok,
+            b"POST", "/createRoom", b"{}", access_token=self.tok
         )
         self.render(request)
         self.assertEquals(channel.result["code"], b"200", channel.result)
@@ -154,70 +137,46 @@ class IdentityEnabledTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
             "address": "test@example.com",
         }
         request_data = json.dumps(params)
-        request_url = ("/rooms/%s/invite" % (room_id)).encode('ascii')
+        request_url = ("/rooms/%s/invite" % (room_id)).encode("ascii")
         request, channel = self.make_request(
-            b"POST", request_url, request_data, access_token=self.tok,
+            b"POST", request_url, request_data, access_token=self.tok
         )
         self.render(request)
 
         get_json = self.hs.get_simple_http_client().get_json
         get_json.assert_called_once_with(
             "https://testis/_matrix/identity/api/v1/lookup",
-            {
-                "address": "test@example.com",
-                "medium": "email",
-            },
+            {"address": "test@example.com", "medium": "email"},
         )
 
     def test_3pid_lookup_enabled(self):
-        url = ("/_matrix/client/unstable/account/3pid/lookup"
-               "?id_server=testis&medium=email&address=foo@bar.baz")
+        url = (
+            "/_matrix/client/unstable/account/3pid/lookup"
+            "?id_server=testis&medium=email&address=foo@bar.baz"
+        )
         request, channel = self.make_request("GET", url, access_token=self.tok)
         self.render(request)
 
         get_json = self.hs.get_simple_http_client().get_json
         get_json.assert_called_once_with(
             "https://testis/_matrix/identity/api/v1/lookup",
-            {
-                "address": "foo@bar.baz",
-                "medium": "email",
-            },
+            {"address": "foo@bar.baz", "medium": "email"},
         )
 
     def test_3pid_bulk_lookup_enabled(self):
         url = "/_matrix/client/unstable/account/3pid/bulk_lookup"
         data = {
             "id_server": "testis",
-            "threepids": [
-                [
-                    "email",
-                    "foo@bar.baz"
-                ],
-                [
-                    "email",
-                    "john.doe@matrix.org"
-                ]
-            ]
+            "threepids": [["email", "foo@bar.baz"], ["email", "john.doe@matrix.org"]],
         }
         request_data = json.dumps(data)
         request, channel = self.make_request(
-            "POST", url, request_data, access_token=self.tok,
+            "POST", url, request_data, access_token=self.tok
         )
         self.render(request)
 
         post_json = self.hs.get_simple_http_client().post_json_get_json
         post_json.assert_called_once_with(
             "https://testis/_matrix/identity/api/v1/bulk_lookup",
-            {
-                "threepids": [
-                    [
-                        "email",
-                        "foo@bar.baz"
-                    ],
-                    [
-                        "email",
-                        "john.doe@matrix.org"
-                    ]
-                ],
-            },
+            {"threepids": [["email", "foo@bar.baz"], ["email", "john.doe@matrix.org"]]},
         )
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/test_retention.py b/tests/rest/client/test_retention.py
index d0deff5a3b..4303f95206 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/test_retention.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/test_retention.py
@@ -61,9 +61,7 @@ class RetentionTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         self.helper.send_state(
             room_id=room_id,
             event_type=EventTypes.Retention,
-            body={
-                "max_lifetime": one_day_ms * 4,
-            },
+            body={"max_lifetime": one_day_ms * 4},
             tok=self.token,
             expect_code=400,
         )
@@ -71,9 +69,7 @@ class RetentionTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         self.helper.send_state(
             room_id=room_id,
             event_type=EventTypes.Retention,
-            body={
-                "max_lifetime": one_hour_ms,
-            },
+            body={"max_lifetime": one_hour_ms},
             tok=self.token,
             expect_code=400,
         )
@@ -89,9 +85,7 @@ class RetentionTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         self.helper.send_state(
             room_id=room_id,
             event_type=EventTypes.Retention,
-            body={
-                "max_lifetime": lifetime,
-            },
+            body={"max_lifetime": lifetime},
             tok=self.token,
         )
 
@@ -114,48 +108,32 @@ class RetentionTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         events = []
 
         # Send a first event, which should be filtered out at the end of the test.
-        resp = self.helper.send(
-            room_id=room_id,
-            body="1",
-            tok=self.token,
-        )
+        resp = self.helper.send(room_id=room_id, body="1", tok=self.token)
 
         # Get the event from the store so that we end up with a FrozenEvent that we can
         # give to filter_events_for_client. We need to do this now because the event won't
         # be in the database anymore after it has expired.
-        events.append(self.get_success(
-            store.get_event(
-                resp.get("event_id")
-            )
-        ))
+        events.append(self.get_success(store.get_event(resp.get("event_id"))))
 
         # Advance the time by 2 days. We're using the default retention policy, therefore
         # after this the first event will still be valid.
         self.reactor.advance(one_day_ms * 2 / 1000)
 
         # Send another event, which shouldn't get filtered out.
-        resp = self.helper.send(
-            room_id=room_id,
-            body="2",
-            tok=self.token,
-        )
+        resp = self.helper.send(room_id=room_id, body="2", tok=self.token)
 
         valid_event_id = resp.get("event_id")
 
-        events.append(self.get_success(
-            store.get_event(
-                valid_event_id
-            )
-        ))
+        events.append(self.get_success(store.get_event(valid_event_id)))
 
         # Advance the time by anothe 2 days. After this, the first event should be
         # outdated but not the second one.
         self.reactor.advance(one_day_ms * 2 / 1000)
 
         # Run filter_events_for_client with our list of FrozenEvents.
-        filtered_events = self.get_success(filter_events_for_client(
-            store, self.user_id, events
-        ))
+        filtered_events = self.get_success(
+            filter_events_for_client(store, self.user_id, events)
+        )
 
         # We should only get one event back.
         self.assertEqual(len(filtered_events), 1, filtered_events)
@@ -171,28 +149,22 @@ class RetentionTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
         # Send a first event to the room. This is the event we'll want to be purged at the
         # end of the test.
-        resp = self.helper.send(
-            room_id=room_id,
-            body="1",
-            tok=self.token,
-        )
+        resp = self.helper.send(room_id=room_id, body="1", tok=self.token)
 
         expired_event_id = resp.get("event_id")
 
         # Check that we can retrieve the event.
         expired_event = self.get_event(room_id, expired_event_id)
-        self.assertEqual(expired_event.get("content", {}).get("body"), "1", expired_event)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            expired_event.get("content", {}).get("body"), "1", expired_event
+        )
 
         # Advance the time.
         self.reactor.advance(increment / 1000)
 
         # Send another event. We need this because the purge job won't purge the most
         # recent event in the room.
-        resp = self.helper.send(
-            room_id=room_id,
-            body="2",
-            tok=self.token,
-        )
+        resp = self.helper.send(room_id=room_id, body="2", tok=self.token)
 
         valid_event_id = resp.get("event_id")
 
@@ -232,15 +204,12 @@ class RetentionNoDefaultPolicyTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
     def make_homeserver(self, reactor, clock):
         config = self.default_config()
         config["default_room_version"] = "1"
-        config["retention"] = {
-            "enabled": True,
-        }
+        config["retention"] = {"enabled": True}
 
         mock_federation_client = Mock(spec=["backfill"])
 
         self.hs = self.setup_test_homeserver(
-            config=config,
-            federation_client=mock_federation_client,
+            config=config, federation_client=mock_federation_client
         )
         return self.hs
 
@@ -267,9 +236,7 @@ class RetentionNoDefaultPolicyTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         self.helper.send_state(
             room_id=room_id,
             event_type=EventTypes.Retention,
-            body={
-                "max_lifetime": one_day_ms * 35,
-            },
+            body={"max_lifetime": one_day_ms * 35},
             tok=self.token,
         )
 
@@ -278,28 +245,22 @@ class RetentionNoDefaultPolicyTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
     def _test_retention(self, room_id, expected_code_for_first_event=200):
         # Send a first event to the room. This is the event we'll want to be purged at the
         # end of the test.
-        resp = self.helper.send(
-            room_id=room_id,
-            body="1",
-            tok=self.token,
-        )
+        resp = self.helper.send(room_id=room_id, body="1", tok=self.token)
 
         first_event_id = resp.get("event_id")
 
         # Check that we can retrieve the event.
         expired_event = self.get_event(room_id, first_event_id)
-        self.assertEqual(expired_event.get("content", {}).get("body"), "1", expired_event)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            expired_event.get("content", {}).get("body"), "1", expired_event
+        )
 
         # Advance the time by a month.
         self.reactor.advance(one_day_ms * 30 / 1000)
 
         # Send another event. We need this because the purge job won't purge the most
         # recent event in the room.
-        resp = self.helper.send(
-            room_id=room_id,
-            body="2",
-            tok=self.token,
-        )
+        resp = self.helper.send(room_id=room_id, body="2", tok=self.token)
 
         second_event_id = resp.get("event_id")
 
@@ -312,7 +273,9 @@ class RetentionNoDefaultPolicyTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         )
 
         if expected_code_for_first_event == 200:
-            self.assertEqual(first_event.get("content", {}).get("body"), "1", first_event)
+            self.assertEqual(
+                first_event.get("content", {}).get("body"), "1", first_event
+            )
 
         # Check that the event that hasn't been purged can still be retrieved.
         second_event = self.get_event(room_id, second_event_id)
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/test_room_access_rules.py b/tests/rest/client/test_room_access_rules.py
index 13caea3b01..c17b0c226d 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/test_room_access_rules.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/test_room_access_rules.py
@@ -49,15 +49,11 @@ class RoomAccessTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         config["third_party_event_rules"] = {
             "module": "synapse.third_party_rules.access_rules.RoomAccessRules",
             "config": {
-                "domains_forbidden_when_restricted": [
-                    "forbidden_domain"
-                ],
+                "domains_forbidden_when_restricted": ["forbidden_domain"],
                 "id_server": "testis",
-            }
+            },
         }
-        config["trusted_third_party_id_servers"] = [
-            "testis",
-        ]
+        config["trusted_third_party_id_servers"] = ["testis"]
 
         def send_invite(destination, room_id, event_id, pdu):
             return defer.succeed(pdu)
@@ -67,31 +63,28 @@ class RoomAccessTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
             return defer.succeed({"hs": address_domain})
 
         def post_urlencoded_get_json(uri, args={}, headers=None):
-            token = ''.join(random.choice(string.ascii_letters) for _ in range(10))
-            return defer.succeed({
-                "token": token,
-                "public_keys": [
-                    {
-                        "public_key": "serverpublickey",
-                        "key_validity_url": "https://testis/pubkey/isvalid",
-                    },
-                    {
-                        "public_key": "phemeralpublickey",
-                        "key_validity_url": "https://testis/pubkey/ephemeral/isvalid",
-                    },
-                ],
-                "display_name": "f...@b...",
-            })
-
-        mock_federation_client = Mock(spec=[
-            "send_invite",
-        ])
+            token = "".join(random.choice(string.ascii_letters) for _ in range(10))
+            return defer.succeed(
+                {
+                    "token": token,
+                    "public_keys": [
+                        {
+                            "public_key": "serverpublickey",
+                            "key_validity_url": "https://testis/pubkey/isvalid",
+                        },
+                        {
+                            "public_key": "phemeralpublickey",
+                            "key_validity_url": "https://testis/pubkey/ephemeral/isvalid",
+                        },
+                    ],
+                    "display_name": "f...@b...",
+                }
+            )
+
+        mock_federation_client = Mock(spec=["send_invite"])
         mock_federation_client.send_invite.side_effect = send_invite
 
-        mock_http_client = Mock(spec=[
-            "get_json",
-            "post_urlencoded_get_json"
-        ])
+        mock_http_client = Mock(spec=["get_json", "post_urlencoded_get_json"])
         # Mocking the response for /info on the IS API.
         mock_http_client.get_json.side_effect = get_json
         # Mocking the response for /store-invite on the IS API.
@@ -164,74 +157,80 @@ class RoomAccessTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         # rule to restricted.
         preset_room_id = self.create_room(preset=RoomCreationPreset.PUBLIC_CHAT)
         self.assertEqual(
-            self.current_rule_in_room(preset_room_id), ACCESS_RULE_RESTRICTED,
+            self.current_rule_in_room(preset_room_id), ACCESS_RULE_RESTRICTED
         )
 
         # Creating a room with the public join rule in its initial state should succeed
         # and set the access rule to restricted.
-        init_state_room_id = self.create_room(initial_state=[{
-            "type": "m.room.join_rules",
-            "content": {
-                "join_rule": JoinRules.PUBLIC,
-            },
-        }])
+        init_state_room_id = self.create_room(
+            initial_state=[
+                {
+                    "type": "m.room.join_rules",
+                    "content": {"join_rule": JoinRules.PUBLIC},
+                }
+            ]
+        )
         self.assertEqual(
-            self.current_rule_in_room(init_state_room_id), ACCESS_RULE_RESTRICTED,
+            self.current_rule_in_room(init_state_room_id), ACCESS_RULE_RESTRICTED
         )
 
         # Changing access rule to unrestricted should fail.
         self.change_rule_in_room(
-            preset_room_id, ACCESS_RULE_UNRESTRICTED, expected_code=403,
+            preset_room_id, ACCESS_RULE_UNRESTRICTED, expected_code=403
         )
         self.change_rule_in_room(
-            init_state_room_id, ACCESS_RULE_UNRESTRICTED, expected_code=403,
+            init_state_room_id, ACCESS_RULE_UNRESTRICTED, expected_code=403
         )
 
         # Changing access rule to direct should fail.
+        self.change_rule_in_room(preset_room_id, ACCESS_RULE_DIRECT, expected_code=403)
         self.change_rule_in_room(
-            preset_room_id, ACCESS_RULE_DIRECT, expected_code=403,
-        )
-        self.change_rule_in_room(
-            init_state_room_id, ACCESS_RULE_DIRECT, expected_code=403,
+            init_state_room_id, ACCESS_RULE_DIRECT, expected_code=403
         )
 
         # Changing join rule to public in an unrestricted room should fail.
         self.change_join_rule_in_room(
-            self.unrestricted_room, JoinRules.PUBLIC, expected_code=403,
+            self.unrestricted_room, JoinRules.PUBLIC, expected_code=403
         )
         # Changing join rule to public in an direct room should fail.
         self.change_join_rule_in_room(
-            self.direct_rooms[0], JoinRules.PUBLIC, expected_code=403,
+            self.direct_rooms[0], JoinRules.PUBLIC, expected_code=403
         )
 
         # Creating a new room with the public_chat preset and an access rule that isn't
         # restricted should fail.
         self.create_room(
-            preset=RoomCreationPreset.PUBLIC_CHAT, rule=ACCESS_RULE_UNRESTRICTED,
+            preset=RoomCreationPreset.PUBLIC_CHAT,
+            rule=ACCESS_RULE_UNRESTRICTED,
             expected_code=400,
         )
         self.create_room(
-            preset=RoomCreationPreset.PUBLIC_CHAT, rule=ACCESS_RULE_DIRECT,
+            preset=RoomCreationPreset.PUBLIC_CHAT,
+            rule=ACCESS_RULE_DIRECT,
             expected_code=400,
         )
 
         # Creating a room with the public join rule in its initial state and an access
         # rule that isn't restricted should fail.
         self.create_room(
-            initial_state=[{
-                "type": "m.room.join_rules",
-                "content": {
-                    "join_rule": JoinRules.PUBLIC,
-                },
-            }], rule=ACCESS_RULE_UNRESTRICTED, expected_code=400,
+            initial_state=[
+                {
+                    "type": "m.room.join_rules",
+                    "content": {"join_rule": JoinRules.PUBLIC},
+                }
+            ],
+            rule=ACCESS_RULE_UNRESTRICTED,
+            expected_code=400,
         )
         self.create_room(
-            initial_state=[{
-                "type": "m.room.join_rules",
-                "content": {
-                    "join_rule": JoinRules.PUBLIC,
-                },
-            }], rule=ACCESS_RULE_DIRECT, expected_code=400,
+            initial_state=[
+                {
+                    "type": "m.room.join_rules",
+                    "content": {"join_rule": JoinRules.PUBLIC},
+                }
+            ],
+            rule=ACCESS_RULE_DIRECT,
+            expected_code=400,
         )
 
     def test_restricted(self):
@@ -405,12 +404,7 @@ class RoomAccessTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         self.helper.send_state(
             room_id=self.unrestricted_room,
             event_type=EventTypes.PowerLevels,
-            body={
-                "users": {
-                    self.user_id: 100,
-                    "@test:not_forbidden_domain": 10,
-                },
-            },
+            body={"users": {self.user_id: 100, "@test:not_forbidden_domain": 10}},
             tok=self.tok,
             expect_code=200,
         )
@@ -421,10 +415,7 @@ class RoomAccessTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
             room_id=self.unrestricted_room,
             event_type=EventTypes.PowerLevels,
             body={
-                "users": {
-                    self.user_id: 100,
-                    "@test:not_forbidden_domain": 10,
-                },
+                "users": {self.user_id: 100, "@test:not_forbidden_domain": 10},
                 "users_default": 10,
             },
             tok=self.tok,
@@ -436,12 +427,7 @@ class RoomAccessTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         self.helper.send_state(
             room_id=self.unrestricted_room,
             event_type=EventTypes.PowerLevels,
-            body={
-                "users": {
-                    self.user_id: 100,
-                    "@test:forbidden_domain": 10,
-                },
-            },
+            body={"users": {self.user_id: 100, "@test:forbidden_domain": 10}},
             tok=self.tok,
             expect_code=403,
         )
@@ -459,9 +445,7 @@ class RoomAccessTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
         # We can't change the rule from restricted to direct.
         self.change_rule_in_room(
-            room_id=self.restricted_room,
-            new_rule=ACCESS_RULE_DIRECT,
-            expected_code=403,
+            room_id=self.restricted_room, new_rule=ACCESS_RULE_DIRECT, expected_code=403
         )
 
         # We can't change the rule from unrestricted to restricted.
@@ -498,12 +482,7 @@ class RoomAccessTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         """
 
         avatar_content = {
-            "info": {
-                "h": 398,
-                "mimetype": "image/jpeg",
-                "size": 31037,
-                "w": 394
-            },
+            "info": {"h": 398, "mimetype": "image/jpeg", "size": 31037, "w": 394},
             "url": "mxc://example.org/JWEIFJgwEIhweiWJE",
         }
 
@@ -536,9 +515,7 @@ class RoomAccessTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         chat, in which case it's forbidden.
         """
 
-        name_content = {
-            "name": "My super room",
-        }
+        name_content = {"name": "My super room"}
 
         self.helper.send_state(
             room_id=self.restricted_room,
@@ -569,9 +546,7 @@ class RoomAccessTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         direct chat, in which case it's forbidden.
         """
 
-        topic_content = {
-            "topic": "Welcome to this room",
-        }
+        topic_content = {"topic": "Welcome to this room"}
 
         self.helper.send_state(
             room_id=self.restricted_room,
@@ -608,15 +583,15 @@ class RoomAccessTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
             "public_keys": [
                 {
                     "key_validity_url": "https://validity_url",
-                    "public_key": "ta8IQ0u1sp44HVpxYi7dFOdS/bfwDjcy4xLFlfY5KOA"
+                    "public_key": "ta8IQ0u1sp44HVpxYi7dFOdS/bfwDjcy4xLFlfY5KOA",
                 },
                 {
                     "key_validity_url": "https://validity_url",
-                    "public_key": "4_9nzEeDwR5N9s51jPodBiLnqH43A2_g2InVT137t9I"
-                }
+                    "public_key": "4_9nzEeDwR5N9s51jPodBiLnqH43A2_g2InVT137t9I",
+                },
             ],
             "key_validity_url": "https://validity_url",
-            "public_key": "ta8IQ0u1sp44HVpxYi7dFOdS/bfwDjcy4xLFlfY5KOA"
+            "public_key": "ta8IQ0u1sp44HVpxYi7dFOdS/bfwDjcy4xLFlfY5KOA",
         }
 
         self.send_state_with_state_key(
@@ -646,22 +621,19 @@ class RoomAccessTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         )
 
     def create_room(
-        self, direct=False, rule=None, preset=RoomCreationPreset.TRUSTED_PRIVATE_CHAT,
-        initial_state=None, expected_code=200,
+        self,
+        direct=False,
+        rule=None,
+        preset=RoomCreationPreset.TRUSTED_PRIVATE_CHAT,
+        initial_state=None,
+        expected_code=200,
     ):
-        content = {
-            "is_direct": direct,
-            "preset": preset,
-        }
+        content = {"is_direct": direct, "preset": preset}
 
         if rule:
-            content["initial_state"] = [{
-                "type": ACCESS_RULES_TYPE,
-                "state_key": "",
-                "content": {
-                    "rule": rule,
-                }
-            }]
+            content["initial_state"] = [
+                {"type": ACCESS_RULES_TYPE, "state_key": "", "content": {"rule": rule}}
+            ]
 
         if initial_state:
             if "initial_state" not in content:
@@ -694,9 +666,7 @@ class RoomAccessTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         return channel.json_body["rule"]
 
     def change_rule_in_room(self, room_id, new_rule, expected_code=200):
-        data = {
-            "rule": new_rule,
-        }
+        data = {"rule": new_rule}
         request, channel = self.make_request(
             "PUT",
             "/_matrix/client/r0/rooms/%s/state/%s" % (room_id, ACCESS_RULES_TYPE),
@@ -708,9 +678,7 @@ class RoomAccessTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(channel.code, expected_code, channel.result)
 
     def change_join_rule_in_room(self, room_id, new_join_rule, expected_code=200):
-        data = {
-            "join_rule": new_join_rule,
-        }
+        data = {"join_rule": new_join_rule}
         request, channel = self.make_request(
             "PUT",
             "/_matrix/client/r0/rooms/%s/state/%s" % (room_id, EventTypes.JoinRules),
@@ -722,11 +690,7 @@ class RoomAccessTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(channel.code, expected_code, channel.result)
 
     def send_threepid_invite(self, address, room_id, expected_code=200):
-        params = {
-            "id_server": "testis",
-            "medium": "email",
-            "address": address,
-        }
+        params = {"id_server": "testis", "medium": "email", "address": address}
 
         request, channel = self.make_request(
             "POST",
@@ -741,7 +705,9 @@ class RoomAccessTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         self, room_id, event_type, state_key, body, tok, expect_code=200
     ):
         path = "/_matrix/client/r0/rooms/%s/state/%s/%s" % (
-            room_id, event_type, state_key
+            room_id,
+            event_type,
+            state_key,
         )
 
         request, channel = self.make_request(
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/v1/test_profile.py b/tests/rest/client/v1/test_profile.py
index 6958430608..02b4b8f5eb 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/v1/test_profile.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/v1/test_profile.py
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ class ProfileTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
     def test_set_displayname(self):
         request, channel = self.make_request(
             "PUT",
-            "/profile/%s/displayname" % (self.owner, ),
+            "/profile/%s/displayname" % (self.owner,),
             content=json.dumps({"displayname": "test"}),
             access_token=self.owner_tok,
         )
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ class ProfileTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         """Attempts to set a stupid displayname should get a 400"""
         request, channel = self.make_request(
             "PUT",
-            "/profile/%s/displayname" % (self.owner, ),
+            "/profile/%s/displayname" % (self.owner,),
             content=json.dumps({"displayname": "test" * 100}),
             access_token=self.owner_tok,
         )
@@ -209,8 +209,7 @@ class ProfileTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
     def get_displayname(self):
         request, channel = self.make_request(
-            "GET",
-            "/profile/%s/displayname" % (self.owner, ),
+            "GET", "/profile/%s/displayname" % (self.owner,)
         )
         self.render(request)
         self.assertEqual(channel.code, 200, channel.result)
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/v1/test_rooms.py b/tests/rest/client/v1/test_rooms.py
index 2d64b338be..fe741637f5 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/v1/test_rooms.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/v1/test_rooms.py
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ class RoomPermissionsTestCase(RoomBase):
         # send a message in one of the rooms
         self.created_rmid_msg_path = (
             "rooms/%s/send/m.room.message/a1" % (self.created_rmid)
-        ).encode('ascii')
+        ).encode("ascii")
         request, channel = self.make_request(
             "PUT", self.created_rmid_msg_path, b'{"msgtype":"m.text","body":"test msg"}'
         )
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ class RoomPermissionsTestCase(RoomBase):
         # set topic for public room
         request, channel = self.make_request(
             "PUT",
-            ("rooms/%s/state/m.room.topic" % self.created_public_rmid).encode('ascii'),
+            ("rooms/%s/state/m.room.topic" % self.created_public_rmid).encode("ascii"),
             b'{"topic":"Public Room Topic"}',
         )
         self.render(request)
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ class RoomPermissionsTestCase(RoomBase):
         request, channel = self.make_request("GET", topic_path)
         self.render(request)
         self.assertEquals(200, channel.code, msg=channel.result["body"])
-        self.assert_dict(json.loads(topic_content.decode('utf8')), channel.json_body)
+        self.assert_dict(json.loads(topic_content.decode("utf8")), channel.json_body)
 
         # set/get topic in created PRIVATE room and left, expect 403
         self.helper.leave(room=self.created_rmid, user=self.user_id)
@@ -497,7 +497,7 @@ class RoomTopicTestCase(RoomBase):
 
     def test_invalid_puts(self):
         # missing keys or invalid json
-        request, channel = self.make_request("PUT", self.path, '{}')
+        request, channel = self.make_request("PUT", self.path, "{}")
         self.render(request)
         self.assertEquals(400, channel.code, msg=channel.result["body"])
 
@@ -515,11 +515,11 @@ class RoomTopicTestCase(RoomBase):
         self.render(request)
         self.assertEquals(400, channel.code, msg=channel.result["body"])
 
-        request, channel = self.make_request("PUT", self.path, 'text only')
+        request, channel = self.make_request("PUT", self.path, "text only")
         self.render(request)
         self.assertEquals(400, channel.code, msg=channel.result["body"])
 
-        request, channel = self.make_request("PUT", self.path, '')
+        request, channel = self.make_request("PUT", self.path, "")
         self.render(request)
         self.assertEquals(400, channel.code, msg=channel.result["body"])
 
@@ -572,7 +572,7 @@ class RoomMemberStateTestCase(RoomBase):
     def test_invalid_puts(self):
         path = "/rooms/%s/state/m.room.member/%s" % (self.room_id, self.user_id)
         # missing keys or invalid json
-        request, channel = self.make_request("PUT", path, '{}')
+        request, channel = self.make_request("PUT", path, "{}")
         self.render(request)
         self.assertEquals(400, channel.code, msg=channel.result["body"])
 
@@ -590,11 +590,11 @@ class RoomMemberStateTestCase(RoomBase):
         self.render(request)
         self.assertEquals(400, channel.code, msg=channel.result["body"])
 
-        request, channel = self.make_request("PUT", path, 'text only')
+        request, channel = self.make_request("PUT", path, "text only")
         self.render(request)
         self.assertEquals(400, channel.code, msg=channel.result["body"])
 
-        request, channel = self.make_request("PUT", path, '')
+        request, channel = self.make_request("PUT", path, "")
         self.render(request)
         self.assertEquals(400, channel.code, msg=channel.result["body"])
 
@@ -604,7 +604,7 @@ class RoomMemberStateTestCase(RoomBase):
             Membership.JOIN,
             Membership.LEAVE,
         )
-        request, channel = self.make_request("PUT", path, content.encode('ascii'))
+        request, channel = self.make_request("PUT", path, content.encode("ascii"))
         self.render(request)
         self.assertEquals(400, channel.code, msg=channel.result["body"])
 
@@ -616,7 +616,7 @@ class RoomMemberStateTestCase(RoomBase):
 
         # valid join message (NOOP since we made the room)
         content = '{"membership":"%s"}' % Membership.JOIN
-        request, channel = self.make_request("PUT", path, content.encode('ascii'))
+        request, channel = self.make_request("PUT", path, content.encode("ascii"))
         self.render(request)
         self.assertEquals(200, channel.code, msg=channel.result["body"])
 
@@ -678,7 +678,7 @@ class RoomMessagesTestCase(RoomBase):
     def test_invalid_puts(self):
         path = "/rooms/%s/send/m.room.message/mid1" % (urlparse.quote(self.room_id))
         # missing keys or invalid json
-        request, channel = self.make_request("PUT", path, b'{}')
+        request, channel = self.make_request("PUT", path, b"{}")
         self.render(request)
         self.assertEquals(400, channel.code, msg=channel.result["body"])
 
@@ -696,11 +696,11 @@ class RoomMessagesTestCase(RoomBase):
         self.render(request)
         self.assertEquals(400, channel.code, msg=channel.result["body"])
 
-        request, channel = self.make_request("PUT", path, b'text only')
+        request, channel = self.make_request("PUT", path, b"text only")
         self.render(request)
         self.assertEquals(400, channel.code, msg=channel.result["body"])
 
-        request, channel = self.make_request("PUT", path, b'')
+        request, channel = self.make_request("PUT", path, b"")
         self.render(request)
         self.assertEquals(400, channel.code, msg=channel.result["body"])
 
@@ -786,7 +786,7 @@ class RoomMessageListTestCase(RoomBase):
         self.render(request)
         self.assertEquals(200, channel.code)
         self.assertTrue("start" in channel.json_body)
-        self.assertEquals(token, channel.json_body['start'])
+        self.assertEquals(token, channel.json_body["start"])
         self.assertTrue("chunk" in channel.json_body)
         self.assertTrue("end" in channel.json_body)
 
@@ -798,7 +798,7 @@ class RoomMessageListTestCase(RoomBase):
         self.render(request)
         self.assertEquals(200, channel.code)
         self.assertTrue("start" in channel.json_body)
-        self.assertEquals(token, channel.json_body['start'])
+        self.assertEquals(token, channel.json_body["start"])
         self.assertTrue("chunk" in channel.json_body)
         self.assertTrue("end" in channel.json_body)
 
@@ -961,9 +961,7 @@ class PerRoomProfilesForbiddenTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
         # Set a profile for the test user
         self.displayname = "test user"
-        data = {
-            "displayname": self.displayname,
-        }
+        data = {"displayname": self.displayname}
         request_data = json.dumps(data)
         request, channel = self.make_request(
             "PUT",
@@ -977,16 +975,12 @@ class PerRoomProfilesForbiddenTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         self.room_id = self.helper.create_room_as(self.user_id, tok=self.tok)
 
     def test_per_room_profile_forbidden(self):
-        data = {
-            "membership": "join",
-            "displayname": "other test user"
-        }
+        data = {"membership": "join", "displayname": "other test user"}
         request_data = json.dumps(data)
         request, channel = self.make_request(
             "PUT",
-            "/_matrix/client/r0/rooms/%s/state/m.room.member/%s" % (
-                self.room_id, self.user_id,
-            ),
+            "/_matrix/client/r0/rooms/%s/state/m.room.member/%s"
+            % (self.room_id, self.user_id),
             request_data,
             access_token=self.tok,
         )
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/v1/utils.py b/tests/rest/client/v1/utils.py
index 449a69183f..cdded88b7f 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/v1/utils.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/v1/utils.py
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ class RestHelper(object):
             path = path + "?access_token=%s" % tok
 
         request, channel = make_request(
-            self.hs.get_reactor(), "POST", path, json.dumps(content).encode('utf8')
+            self.hs.get_reactor(), "POST", path, json.dumps(content).encode("utf8")
         )
         render(request, self.resource, self.hs.get_reactor())
 
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ class RestHelper(object):
         data = {"membership": membership}
 
         request, channel = make_request(
-            self.hs.get_reactor(), "PUT", path, json.dumps(data).encode('utf8')
+            self.hs.get_reactor(), "PUT", path, json.dumps(data).encode("utf8")
         )
 
         render(request, self.resource, self.hs.get_reactor())
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ class RestHelper(object):
             path = path + "?access_token=%s" % tok
 
         request, channel = make_request(
-            self.hs.get_reactor(), "PUT", path, json.dumps(content).encode('utf8')
+            self.hs.get_reactor(), "PUT", path, json.dumps(content).encode("utf8")
         )
         render(request, self.resource, self.hs.get_reactor())
 
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_account.py b/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_account.py
index 32adf88c35..9fed900f4a 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_account.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_account.py
@@ -135,9 +135,7 @@ class PasswordResetTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         self.assertEquals(len(self.email_attempts), 1)
 
         # Attempt to reset password without clicking the link
-        self._reset_password(
-            new_password, session_id, client_secret, expected_code=401,
-        )
+        self._reset_password(new_password, session_id, client_secret, expected_code=401)
 
         # Assert we can log in with the old password
         self.login("kermit", old_password)
@@ -172,9 +170,7 @@ class PasswordResetTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         session_id = "weasle"
 
         # Attempt to reset password without even requesting an email
-        self._reset_password(
-            new_password, session_id, client_secret, expected_code=401,
-        )
+        self._reset_password(new_password, session_id, client_secret, expected_code=401)
 
         # Assert we can log in with the old password
         self.login("kermit", old_password)
@@ -259,19 +255,18 @@ class DeactivateTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         user_id = self.register_user("kermit", "test")
         tok = self.login("kermit", "test")
 
-        request_data = json.dumps({
-            "auth": {
-                "type": "m.login.password",
-                "user": user_id,
-                "password": "test",
-            },
-            "erase": False,
-        })
+        request_data = json.dumps(
+            {
+                "auth": {
+                    "type": "m.login.password",
+                    "user": user_id,
+                    "password": "test",
+                },
+                "erase": False,
+            }
+        )
         request, channel = self.make_request(
-            "POST",
-            "account/deactivate",
-            request_data,
-            access_token=tok,
+            "POST", "account/deactivate", request_data, access_token=tok
         )
         self.render(request)
         self.assertEqual(request.code, 200)
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_capabilities.py b/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_capabilities.py
index bce5b0cf4c..b9e01c9418 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_capabilities.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_capabilities.py
@@ -47,15 +47,15 @@ class CapabilitiesTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
         request, channel = self.make_request("GET", self.url, access_token=access_token)
         self.render(request)
-        capabilities = channel.json_body['capabilities']
+        capabilities = channel.json_body["capabilities"]
 
         self.assertEqual(channel.code, 200)
-        for room_version in capabilities['m.room_versions']['available'].keys():
+        for room_version in capabilities["m.room_versions"]["available"].keys():
             self.assertTrue(room_version in KNOWN_ROOM_VERSIONS, "" + room_version)
 
         self.assertEqual(
             self.config.default_room_version.identifier,
-            capabilities['m.room_versions']['default'],
+            capabilities["m.room_versions"]["default"],
         )
 
     def test_get_change_password_capabilities(self):
@@ -66,16 +66,16 @@ class CapabilitiesTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
         request, channel = self.make_request("GET", self.url, access_token=access_token)
         self.render(request)
-        capabilities = channel.json_body['capabilities']
+        capabilities = channel.json_body["capabilities"]
 
         self.assertEqual(channel.code, 200)
 
         # Test case where password is handled outside of Synapse
-        self.assertTrue(capabilities['m.change_password']['enabled'])
+        self.assertTrue(capabilities["m.change_password"]["enabled"])
         self.get_success(self.store.user_set_password_hash(user, None))
         request, channel = self.make_request("GET", self.url, access_token=access_token)
         self.render(request)
-        capabilities = channel.json_body['capabilities']
+        capabilities = channel.json_body["capabilities"]
 
         self.assertEqual(channel.code, 200)
-        self.assertFalse(capabilities['m.change_password']['enabled'])
+        self.assertFalse(capabilities["m.change_password"]["enabled"])
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_password_policy.py b/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_password_policy.py
index 17c22fe751..37f970c6b0 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_password_policy.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_password_policy.py
@@ -60,9 +60,7 @@ class PasswordPolicyTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         }
 
         config = self.default_config()
-        config["password_config"] = {
-            "policy": self.policy,
-        }
+        config["password_config"] = {"policy": self.policy}
 
         hs = self.setup_test_homeserver(config=config)
         return hs
@@ -70,17 +68,23 @@ class PasswordPolicyTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
     def test_get_policy(self):
         """Tests if the /password_policy endpoint returns the configured policy."""
 
-        request, channel = self.make_request("GET", "/_matrix/client/r0/password_policy")
+        request, channel = self.make_request(
+            "GET", "/_matrix/client/r0/password_policy"
+        )
         self.render(request)
 
         self.assertEqual(channel.code, 200, channel.result)
-        self.assertEqual(channel.json_body, {
-            "m.minimum_length": 10,
-            "m.require_digit": True,
-            "m.require_symbol": True,
-            "m.require_lowercase": True,
-            "m.require_uppercase": True,
-        }, channel.result)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            channel.json_body,
+            {
+                "m.minimum_length": 10,
+                "m.require_digit": True,
+                "m.require_symbol": True,
+                "m.require_lowercase": True,
+                "m.require_uppercase": True,
+            },
+            channel.result,
+        )
 
     def test_password_too_short(self):
         request_data = json.dumps({"username": "kermit", "password": "shorty"})
@@ -89,9 +93,7 @@ class PasswordPolicyTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
         self.assertEqual(channel.code, 400, channel.result)
         self.assertEqual(
-            channel.json_body["errcode"],
-            Codes.PASSWORD_TOO_SHORT,
-            channel.result,
+            channel.json_body["errcode"], Codes.PASSWORD_TOO_SHORT, channel.result
         )
 
     def test_password_no_digit(self):
@@ -101,9 +103,7 @@ class PasswordPolicyTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
         self.assertEqual(channel.code, 400, channel.result)
         self.assertEqual(
-            channel.json_body["errcode"],
-            Codes.PASSWORD_NO_DIGIT,
-            channel.result,
+            channel.json_body["errcode"], Codes.PASSWORD_NO_DIGIT, channel.result
         )
 
     def test_password_no_symbol(self):
@@ -113,9 +113,7 @@ class PasswordPolicyTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
         self.assertEqual(channel.code, 400, channel.result)
         self.assertEqual(
-            channel.json_body["errcode"],
-            Codes.PASSWORD_NO_SYMBOL,
-            channel.result,
+            channel.json_body["errcode"], Codes.PASSWORD_NO_SYMBOL, channel.result
         )
 
     def test_password_no_uppercase(self):
@@ -125,9 +123,7 @@ class PasswordPolicyTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
         self.assertEqual(channel.code, 400, channel.result)
         self.assertEqual(
-            channel.json_body["errcode"],
-            Codes.PASSWORD_NO_UPPERCASE,
-            channel.result,
+            channel.json_body["errcode"], Codes.PASSWORD_NO_UPPERCASE, channel.result
         )
 
     def test_password_no_lowercase(self):
@@ -137,9 +133,7 @@ class PasswordPolicyTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
         self.assertEqual(channel.code, 400, channel.result)
         self.assertEqual(
-            channel.json_body["errcode"],
-            Codes.PASSWORD_NO_LOWERCASE,
-            channel.result,
+            channel.json_body["errcode"], Codes.PASSWORD_NO_LOWERCASE, channel.result
         )
 
     def test_password_compliant(self):
@@ -161,14 +155,16 @@ class PasswordPolicyTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         user_id = self.register_user("kermit", compliant_password)
         tok = self.login("kermit", compliant_password)
 
-        request_data = json.dumps({
-            "new_password": not_compliant_password,
-            "auth": {
-                "password": compliant_password,
-                "type": LoginType.PASSWORD,
-                "user": user_id,
+        request_data = json.dumps(
+            {
+                "new_password": not_compliant_password,
+                "auth": {
+                    "password": compliant_password,
+                    "type": LoginType.PASSWORD,
+                    "user": user_id,
+                },
             }
-        })
+        )
         request, channel = self.make_request(
             "POST",
             "/_matrix/client/r0/account/password",
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_register.py b/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_register.py
index a5c7aaa9c0..085978b4a6 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_register.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_register.py
@@ -206,9 +206,7 @@ class RegisterRestServletTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
 class RegisterHideProfileTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
-    servlets = [
-        synapse.rest.admin.register_servlets_for_client_rest_resource,
-    ]
+    servlets = [synapse.rest.admin.register_servlets_for_client_rest_resource]
 
     def make_homeserver(self, reactor, clock):
 
@@ -219,15 +217,11 @@ class RegisterHideProfileTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         config["show_users_in_user_directory"] = False
         config["replicate_user_profiles_to"] = ["fakeserver"]
 
-        mock_http_client = Mock(spec=[
-            "get_json",
-            "post_json_get_json",
-        ])
+        mock_http_client = Mock(spec=["get_json", "post_json_get_json"])
         mock_http_client.post_json_get_json.return_value = defer.succeed((200, "{}"))
 
         self.hs = self.setup_test_homeserver(
-            config=config,
-            simple_http_client=mock_http_client,
+            config=config, simple_http_client=mock_http_client
         )
 
         return self.hs
@@ -376,14 +370,11 @@ class AccountValidityUserDirectoryTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         config["replicate_user_profiles_to"] = "test.is"
 
         # Mock homeserver requests to an identity server
-        mock_http_client = Mock(spec=[
-            "post_json_get_json",
-        ])
+        mock_http_client = Mock(spec=["post_json_get_json"])
         mock_http_client.post_json_get_json.return_value = defer.succeed((200, "{}"))
 
         self.hs = self.setup_test_homeserver(
-            config=config,
-            simple_http_client=mock_http_client,
+            config=config, simple_http_client=mock_http_client
         )
 
         return self.hs
@@ -524,7 +515,7 @@ class AccountValidityRenewalByEmailTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         config["email"] = {
             "enable_notifs": True,
             "template_dir": os.path.abspath(
-                pkg_resources.resource_filename('synapse', 'res/templates')
+                pkg_resources.resource_filename("synapse", "res/templates")
             ),
             "expiry_template_html": "notice_expiry.html",
             "expiry_template_text": "notice_expiry.txt",
@@ -624,19 +615,18 @@ class AccountValidityRenewalByEmailTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
         (user_id, tok) = self.create_user()
 
-        request_data = json.dumps({
-            "auth": {
-                "type": "m.login.password",
-                "user": user_id,
-                "password": "monkey",
-            },
-            "erase": False,
-        })
+        request_data = json.dumps(
+            {
+                "auth": {
+                    "type": "m.login.password",
+                    "user": user_id,
+                    "password": "monkey",
+                },
+                "erase": False,
+            }
+        )
         request, channel = self.make_request(
-            "POST",
-            "account/deactivate",
-            request_data,
-            access_token=tok,
+            "POST", "account/deactivate", request_data, access_token=tok
         )
         self.render(request)
         self.assertEqual(request.code, 200, channel.result)
@@ -700,9 +690,7 @@ class AccountValidityRenewalByEmailTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
 class AccountValidityBackgroundJobTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
-    servlets = [
-        synapse.rest.admin.register_servlets_for_client_rest_resource,
-    ]
+    servlets = [synapse.rest.admin.register_servlets_for_client_rest_resource]
 
     def make_homeserver(self, reactor, clock):
         self.validity_period = 10
@@ -711,9 +699,7 @@ class AccountValidityBackgroundJobTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         config = self.default_config()
 
         config["enable_registration"] = True
-        config["account_validity"] = {
-            "enabled": False,
-        }
+        config["account_validity"] = {"enabled": False}
 
         self.hs = self.setup_test_homeserver(config=config)
         self.hs.config.account_validity.period = self.validity_period
diff --git a/tests/rest/media/v1/test_base.py b/tests/rest/media/v1/test_base.py
index 00688a7325..aa6a5f880c 100644
--- a/tests/rest/media/v1/test_base.py
+++ b/tests/rest/media/v1/test_base.py
@@ -24,14 +24,14 @@ class GetFileNameFromHeadersTests(unittest.TestCase):
         b"inline; filename=abc.txt": u"abc.txt",
         b'inline; filename="azerty"': u"azerty",
         b'inline; filename="aze%20rty"': u"aze%20rty",
-        b'inline; filename="aze\"rty"': u'aze"rty',
+        b'inline; filename="aze"rty"': u'aze"rty',
         b'inline; filename="azer;ty"': u"azer;ty",
         b"inline; filename*=utf-8''foo%C2%A3bar": u"foo£bar",
     }
 
     def tests(self):
         for hdr, expected in self.TEST_CASES.items():
-            res = get_filename_from_headers({b'Content-Disposition': [hdr]})
+            res = get_filename_from_headers({b"Content-Disposition": [hdr]})
             self.assertEqual(
                 res,
                 expected,
diff --git a/tests/rest/media/v1/test_media_storage.py b/tests/rest/media/v1/test_media_storage.py
index 1069a44145..3c6480b3b2 100644
--- a/tests/rest/media/v1/test_media_storage.py
+++ b/tests/rest/media/v1/test_media_storage.py
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ class MediaRepoTests(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
     def prepare(self, reactor, clock, hs):
 
         self.media_repo = hs.get_media_repository_resource()
-        self.download_resource = self.media_repo.children[b'download']
+        self.download_resource = self.media_repo.children[b"download"]
 
         # smol png
         self.end_content = unhexlify(
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ class MediaRepoTests(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
         headers = {
             b"Content-Length": [b"%d" % (len(self.end_content))],
-            b"Content-Type": [b'image/png'],
+            b"Content-Type": [b"image/png"],
         }
         if content_disposition:
             headers[b"Content-Disposition"] = [content_disposition]
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ class MediaRepoTests(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         correctly decode it as the UTF-8 string, and use filename* in the
         response.
         """
-        filename = parse.quote(u"\u2603".encode('utf8')).encode('ascii')
+        filename = parse.quote(u"\u2603".encode("utf8")).encode("ascii")
         channel = self._req(b"inline; filename*=utf-8''" + filename + b".png")
 
         headers = channel.headers
diff --git a/tests/rest/media/v1/test_url_preview.py b/tests/rest/media/v1/test_url_preview.py
index 1ab0f7293a..1fcb0dd4df 100644
--- a/tests/rest/media/v1/test_url_preview.py
+++ b/tests/rest/media/v1/test_url_preview.py
@@ -55,10 +55,10 @@ class URLPreviewTests(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
     hijack_auth = True
     user_id = "@test:user"
     end_content = (
-        b'<html><head>'
+        b"<html><head>"
         b'<meta property="og:title" content="~matrix~" />'
         b'<meta property="og:description" content="hi" />'
-        b'</head></html>'
+        b"</head></html>"
     )
 
     def make_homeserver(self, reactor, clock):
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ class URLPreviewTests(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
     def prepare(self, reactor, clock, hs):
 
         self.media_repo = hs.get_media_repository_resource()
-        self.preview_url = self.media_repo.children[b'preview_url']
+        self.preview_url = self.media_repo.children[b"preview_url"]
 
         self.lookups = {}
 
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ class URLPreviewTests(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
                 hostName,
                 portNumber=0,
                 addressTypes=None,
-                transportSemantics='TCP',
+                transportSemantics="TCP",
             ):
 
                 resolution = HostResolution(hostName)
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ class URLPreviewTests(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
                     raise DNSLookupError("OH NO")
 
                 for i in self.lookups[hostName]:
-                    resolutionReceiver.addressResolved(i[0]('TCP', i[1], portNumber))
+                    resolutionReceiver.addressResolved(i[0]("TCP", i[1], portNumber))
                 resolutionReceiver.resolutionComplete()
                 return resolutionReceiver
 
@@ -184,11 +184,11 @@ class URLPreviewTests(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         self.lookups["matrix.org"] = [(IPv4Address, "8.8.8.8")]
 
         end_content = (
-            b'<html><head>'
+            b"<html><head>"
             b'<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1251"/>'
             b'<meta property="og:title" content="\xe4\xea\xe0" />'
             b'<meta property="og:description" content="hi" />'
-            b'</head></html>'
+            b"</head></html>"
         )
 
         request, channel = self.make_request(
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ class URLPreviewTests(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         client.dataReceived(
             (
                 b"HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\nContent-Length: %d\r\n"
-                b"Content-Type: text/html; charset=\"utf8\"\r\n\r\n"
+                b'Content-Type: text/html; charset="utf8"\r\n\r\n'
             )
             % (len(end_content),)
             + end_content
@@ -218,10 +218,10 @@ class URLPreviewTests(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         self.lookups["matrix.org"] = [(IPv4Address, "8.8.8.8")]
 
         end_content = (
-            b'<html><head>'
+            b"<html><head>"
             b'<meta property="og:title" content="\xe4\xea\xe0" />'
             b'<meta property="og:description" content="hi" />'
-            b'</head></html>'
+            b"</head></html>"
         )
 
         request, channel = self.make_request(
@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ class URLPreviewTests(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         client.dataReceived(
             (
                 b"HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\nContent-Length: %d\r\n"
-                b"Content-Type: text/html; charset=\"windows-1251\"\r\n\r\n"
+                b'Content-Type: text/html; charset="windows-1251"\r\n\r\n'
             )
             % (len(end_content),)
             + end_content
@@ -293,8 +293,8 @@ class URLPreviewTests(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(
             channel.json_body,
             {
-                'errcode': 'M_UNKNOWN',
-                'error': 'DNS resolution failure during URL preview generation',
+                "errcode": "M_UNKNOWN",
+                "error": "DNS resolution failure during URL preview generation",
             },
         )
 
@@ -314,8 +314,8 @@ class URLPreviewTests(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(
             channel.json_body,
             {
-                'errcode': 'M_UNKNOWN',
-                'error': 'DNS resolution failure during URL preview generation',
+                "errcode": "M_UNKNOWN",
+                "error": "DNS resolution failure during URL preview generation",
             },
         )
 
@@ -334,8 +334,8 @@ class URLPreviewTests(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(
             channel.json_body,
             {
-                'errcode': 'M_UNKNOWN',
-                'error': 'IP address blocked by IP blacklist entry',
+                "errcode": "M_UNKNOWN",
+                "error": "IP address blocked by IP blacklist entry",
             },
         )
         self.assertEqual(channel.code, 403)
@@ -354,8 +354,8 @@ class URLPreviewTests(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(
             channel.json_body,
             {
-                'errcode': 'M_UNKNOWN',
-                'error': 'IP address blocked by IP blacklist entry',
+                "errcode": "M_UNKNOWN",
+                "error": "IP address blocked by IP blacklist entry",
             },
         )
 
@@ -410,8 +410,8 @@ class URLPreviewTests(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(
             channel.json_body,
             {
-                'errcode': 'M_UNKNOWN',
-                'error': 'DNS resolution failure during URL preview generation',
+                "errcode": "M_UNKNOWN",
+                "error": "DNS resolution failure during URL preview generation",
             },
         )
 
@@ -435,8 +435,8 @@ class URLPreviewTests(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(
             channel.json_body,
             {
-                'errcode': 'M_UNKNOWN',
-                'error': 'DNS resolution failure during URL preview generation',
+                "errcode": "M_UNKNOWN",
+                "error": "DNS resolution failure during URL preview generation",
             },
         )
 
@@ -456,7 +456,7 @@ class URLPreviewTests(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(
             channel.json_body,
             {
-                'errcode': 'M_UNKNOWN',
-                'error': 'DNS resolution failure during URL preview generation',
+                "errcode": "M_UNKNOWN",
+                "error": "DNS resolution failure during URL preview generation",
             },
         )
diff --git a/tests/rulecheck/test_domainrulecheck.py b/tests/rulecheck/test_domainrulecheck.py
index 564fad0d77..1accc70dc9 100644
--- a/tests/rulecheck/test_domainrulecheck.py
+++ b/tests/rulecheck/test_domainrulecheck.py
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ class DomainRuleCheckerTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
                 "source_one": ["target_one", "target_two"],
                 "source_two": ["target_two"],
             },
-            "domains_prevented_from_being_invited_to_published_rooms": ["target_two"]
+            "domains_prevented_from_being_invited_to_published_rooms": ["target_two"],
         }
         check = DomainRuleChecker(config)
         self.assertTrue(
@@ -55,14 +55,14 @@ class DomainRuleCheckerTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         # User can invite internal user to a published room
         self.assertTrue(
             check.user_may_invite(
-                "test:source_one", "test1:target_one", None, "room", False, True,
+                "test:source_one", "test1:target_one", None, "room", False, True
             )
         )
 
         # User can invite external user to a non-published room
         self.assertTrue(
             check.user_may_invite(
-                "test:source_one", "test:target_two", None, "room", False, False,
+                "test:source_one", "test:target_two", None, "room", False, False
             )
         )
 
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ class DomainRuleCheckerTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         # User cannot invite external user to a published room
         self.assertTrue(
             check.user_may_invite(
-                "test:source_one", "test:target_two", None, "room", False, True,
+                "test:source_one", "test:target_two", None, "room", False, True
             )
         )
 
@@ -165,9 +165,7 @@ class DomainRuleCheckerRoomTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
     def make_homeserver(self, reactor, clock):
         config = self.default_config()
-        config["trusted_third_party_id_servers"] = [
-            "localhost",
-        ]
+        config["trusted_third_party_id_servers"] = ["localhost"]
 
         config["spam_checker"] = {
             "module": "synapse.rulecheck.domain_rule_checker.DomainRuleChecker",
@@ -302,9 +300,7 @@ class DomainRuleCheckerRoomTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         )
 
         self.helper.join(
-            room_id, self.normal_user_id,
-            tok=self.normal_access_token,
-            expect_code=200,
+            room_id, self.normal_user_id, tok=self.normal_access_token, expect_code=200
         )
 
         self.helper.invite(
@@ -318,11 +314,7 @@ class DomainRuleCheckerRoomTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         request, channel = self.make_request(
             "POST",
             "rooms/%s/invite" % (room_id),
-            {
-                "address": "foo@bar.com",
-                "medium": "email",
-                "id_server": "localhost"
-            },
+            {"address": "foo@bar.com", "medium": "email", "id_server": "localhost"},
             access_token=self.normal_access_token,
         )
         self.render(request)
diff --git a/tests/server.py b/tests/server.py
index aa0958f6e9..d10c0603e9 100644
--- a/tests/server.py
+++ b/tests/server.py
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ class FakeChannel(object):
     def json_body(self):
         if not self.result:
             raise Exception("No result yet.")
-        return json.loads(self.result["body"].decode('utf8'))
+        return json.loads(self.result["body"].decode("utf8"))
 
     @property
     def code(self):
@@ -151,10 +151,10 @@ def make_request(
         Tuple[synapse.http.site.SynapseRequest, channel]
     """
     if not isinstance(method, bytes):
-        method = method.encode('ascii')
+        method = method.encode("ascii")
 
     if not isinstance(path, bytes):
-        path = path.encode('ascii')
+        path = path.encode("ascii")
 
     # Decorate it to be the full path, if we're using shorthand
     if shorthand and not path.startswith(b"/_matrix"):
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ def make_request(
         path = b"/" + path
 
     if isinstance(content, text_type):
-        content = content.encode('utf8')
+        content = content.encode("utf8")
 
     site = FakeSite()
     channel = FakeChannel(reactor)
@@ -173,11 +173,11 @@ def make_request(
     req = request(site, channel)
     req.process = lambda: b""
     req.content = BytesIO(content)
-    req.postpath = list(map(unquote, path[1:].split(b'/')))
+    req.postpath = list(map(unquote, path[1:].split(b"/")))
 
     if access_token:
         req.requestHeaders.addRawHeader(
-            b"Authorization", b"Bearer " + access_token.encode('ascii')
+            b"Authorization", b"Bearer " + access_token.encode("ascii")
         )
 
     if federation_auth_origin is not None:
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ class ThreadedMemoryReactorClock(MemoryReactorClock):
         self.nameResolver = SimpleResolverComplexifier(FakeResolver())
         super(ThreadedMemoryReactorClock, self).__init__()
 
-    def listenUDP(self, port, protocol, interface='', maxPacketSize=8196):
+    def listenUDP(self, port, protocol, interface="", maxPacketSize=8196):
         p = udp.Port(port, protocol, interface, maxPacketSize, self)
         p.startListening()
         self._udp.append(p)
@@ -371,7 +371,7 @@ class FakeTransport(object):
 
     disconnecting = False
     disconnected = False
-    buffer = attr.ib(default=b'')
+    buffer = attr.ib(default=b"")
     producer = attr.ib(default=None)
     autoflush = attr.ib(default=True)
 
diff --git a/tests/server_notices/test_resource_limits_server_notices.py b/tests/server_notices/test_resource_limits_server_notices.py
index 739ee59ce4..e1e0c3184d 100644
--- a/tests/server_notices/test_resource_limits_server_notices.py
+++ b/tests/server_notices/test_resource_limits_server_notices.py
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ from twisted.internet import defer
 from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes, ServerNoticeMsgType
 from synapse.api.errors import ResourceLimitError
 from synapse.server_notices.resource_limits_server_notices import (
-    ResourceLimitsServerNotices,
+    ResourceLimitsServerNotices
 )
 
 from tests import unittest
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ class TestResourceLimitsServerNotices(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         Test when user has blocked notice, but notice ought to be there (NOOP)
         """
         self._rlsn._auth.check_auth_blocking = Mock(
-            side_effect=ResourceLimitError(403, 'foo')
+            side_effect=ResourceLimitError(403, "foo")
         )
 
         mock_event = Mock(
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ class TestResourceLimitsServerNotices(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         """
 
         self._rlsn._auth.check_auth_blocking = Mock(
-            side_effect=ResourceLimitError(403, 'foo')
+            side_effect=ResourceLimitError(403, "foo")
         )
         self.get_success(self._rlsn.maybe_send_server_notice_to_user(self.user_id))
 
diff --git a/tests/state/test_v2.py b/tests/state/test_v2.py
index 9c5311d916..8d3845c870 100644
--- a/tests/state/test_v2.py
+++ b/tests/state/test_v2.py
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ class StateTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
                 id="PB",
                 sender=BOB,
                 type=EventTypes.PowerLevels,
-                state_key='',
+                state_key="",
                 content={"users": {ALICE: 100, BOB: 50}},
             ),
         ]
@@ -229,14 +229,14 @@ class StateTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
                 id="PB",
                 sender=BOB,
                 type=EventTypes.PowerLevels,
-                state_key='',
+                state_key="",
                 content={"users": {ALICE: 100, BOB: 50, CHARLIE: 50}},
             ),
             FakeEvent(
                 id="PC",
                 sender=CHARLIE,
                 type=EventTypes.PowerLevels,
-                state_key='',
+                state_key="",
                 content={"users": {ALICE: 100, BOB: 50, CHARLIE: 0}},
             ),
         ]
@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ class StateTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
                 id="PA1",
                 sender=ALICE,
                 type=EventTypes.PowerLevels,
-                state_key='',
+                state_key="",
                 content={"users": {ALICE: 100, BOB: 50}},
             ),
             FakeEvent(
@@ -266,14 +266,14 @@ class StateTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
                 id="PA2",
                 sender=ALICE,
                 type=EventTypes.PowerLevels,
-                state_key='',
+                state_key="",
                 content={"users": {ALICE: 100, BOB: 0}},
             ),
             FakeEvent(
                 id="PB",
                 sender=BOB,
                 type=EventTypes.PowerLevels,
-                state_key='',
+                state_key="",
                 content={"users": {ALICE: 100, BOB: 50}},
             ),
             FakeEvent(
@@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ class StateTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
                 id="PA",
                 sender=ALICE,
                 type=EventTypes.PowerLevels,
-                state_key='',
+                state_key="",
                 content={"users": {ALICE: 100, BOB: 50}},
             ),
             FakeEvent(
@@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ class StateTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
                 id="PA1",
                 sender=ALICE,
                 type=EventTypes.PowerLevels,
-                state_key='',
+                state_key="",
                 content={"users": {ALICE: 100, BOB: 50}},
             ),
             FakeEvent(
@@ -336,14 +336,14 @@ class StateTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
                 id="PA2",
                 sender=ALICE,
                 type=EventTypes.PowerLevels,
-                state_key='',
+                state_key="",
                 content={"users": {ALICE: 100, BOB: 0}},
             ),
             FakeEvent(
                 id="PB",
                 sender=BOB,
                 type=EventTypes.PowerLevels,
-                state_key='',
+                state_key="",
                 content={"users": {ALICE: 100, BOB: 50}},
             ),
             FakeEvent(
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_appservice.py b/tests/storage/test_appservice.py
index 25a6c89ef5..622b16a071 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_appservice.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_appservice.py
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ class ApplicationServiceStoreTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             namespaces={},
         )
         # use the token as the filename
-        with open(as_token, 'w') as outfile:
+        with open(as_token, "w") as outfile:
             outfile.write(yaml.dump(as_yaml))
             self.as_yaml_files.append(as_token)
 
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ class ApplicationServiceTransactionStoreTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             namespaces={},
         )
         # use the token as the filename
-        with open(as_token, 'w') as outfile:
+        with open(as_token, "w") as outfile:
             outfile.write(yaml.dump(as_yaml))
             self.as_yaml_files.append(as_token)
 
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_client_ips.py b/tests/storage/test_client_ips.py
index b62eae7abc..59c6f8c227 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_client_ips.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_client_ips.py
@@ -94,11 +94,11 @@ class ClientIpStoreTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
             result,
             [
                 {
-                    'access_token': 'access_token',
-                    'ip': 'ip',
-                    'user_agent': 'user_agent',
-                    'device_id': None,
-                    'last_seen': 12345678000,
+                    "access_token": "access_token",
+                    "ip": "ip",
+                    "user_agent": "user_agent",
+                    "device_id": None,
+                    "last_seen": 12345678000,
                 }
             ],
         )
@@ -125,11 +125,11 @@ class ClientIpStoreTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
             result,
             [
                 {
-                    'access_token': 'access_token',
-                    'ip': 'ip',
-                    'user_agent': 'user_agent',
-                    'device_id': None,
-                    'last_seen': 12345878000,
+                    "access_token": "access_token",
+                    "ip": "ip",
+                    "user_agent": "user_agent",
+                    "device_id": None,
+                    "last_seen": 12345878000,
                 }
             ],
         )
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_devices.py b/tests/storage/test_devices.py
index 6396ccddb5..3cc18f9f1c 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_devices.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_devices.py
@@ -77,12 +77,12 @@ class DeviceStoreTestCase(tests.unittest.TestCase):
 
         # Add two device updates with a single stream_id
         yield self.store.add_device_change_to_streams(
-            "user_id", device_ids, ["somehost"],
+            "user_id", device_ids, ["somehost"]
         )
 
         # Get all device updates ever meant for this remote
         now_stream_id, device_updates = yield self.store.get_devices_by_remote(
-            "somehost", -1, limit=100,
+            "somehost", -1, limit=100
         )
 
         # Check original device_ids are contained within these updates
@@ -95,19 +95,19 @@ class DeviceStoreTestCase(tests.unittest.TestCase):
         # first add one device
         device_ids1 = ["device_id0"]
         yield self.store.add_device_change_to_streams(
-            "user_id", device_ids1, ["someotherhost"],
+            "user_id", device_ids1, ["someotherhost"]
         )
 
         # then add 101
         device_ids2 = ["device_id" + str(i + 1) for i in range(101)]
         yield self.store.add_device_change_to_streams(
-            "user_id", device_ids2, ["someotherhost"],
+            "user_id", device_ids2, ["someotherhost"]
         )
 
         # then one more
         device_ids3 = ["newdevice"]
         yield self.store.add_device_change_to_streams(
-            "user_id", device_ids3, ["someotherhost"],
+            "user_id", device_ids3, ["someotherhost"]
         )
 
         #
@@ -116,20 +116,20 @@ class DeviceStoreTestCase(tests.unittest.TestCase):
 
         # first we should get a single update
         now_stream_id, device_updates = yield self.store.get_devices_by_remote(
-            "someotherhost", -1, limit=100,
+            "someotherhost", -1, limit=100
         )
         self._check_devices_in_updates(device_ids1, device_updates)
 
         # Then we should get an empty list back as the 101 devices broke the limit
         now_stream_id, device_updates = yield self.store.get_devices_by_remote(
-            "someotherhost", now_stream_id, limit=100,
+            "someotherhost", now_stream_id, limit=100
         )
         self.assertEqual(len(device_updates), 0)
 
         # The 101 devices should've been cleared, so we should now just get one device
         # update
         now_stream_id, device_updates = yield self.store.get_devices_by_remote(
-            "someotherhost", now_stream_id, limit=100,
+            "someotherhost", now_stream_id, limit=100
         )
         self._check_devices_in_updates(device_ids3, device_updates)
 
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_end_to_end_keys.py b/tests/storage/test_end_to_end_keys.py
index cd2bcd4ca3..c8ece15284 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_end_to_end_keys.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_end_to_end_keys.py
@@ -80,10 +80,10 @@ class EndToEndKeyStoreTestCase(tests.unittest.TestCase):
         yield self.store.store_device("user2", "device1", None)
         yield self.store.store_device("user2", "device2", None)
 
-        yield self.store.set_e2e_device_keys("user1", "device1", now, 'json11')
-        yield self.store.set_e2e_device_keys("user1", "device2", now, 'json12')
-        yield self.store.set_e2e_device_keys("user2", "device1", now, 'json21')
-        yield self.store.set_e2e_device_keys("user2", "device2", now, 'json22')
+        yield self.store.set_e2e_device_keys("user1", "device1", now, "json11")
+        yield self.store.set_e2e_device_keys("user1", "device2", now, "json12")
+        yield self.store.set_e2e_device_keys("user2", "device1", now, "json21")
+        yield self.store.set_e2e_device_keys("user2", "device2", now, "json22")
 
         res = yield self.store.get_e2e_device_keys(
             (("user1", "device1"), ("user2", "device2"))
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_event_federation.py b/tests/storage/test_event_federation.py
index 0d4e74d637..86c7ac350d 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_event_federation.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_event_federation.py
@@ -27,11 +27,11 @@ class EventFederationWorkerStoreTestCase(tests.unittest.TestCase):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_get_prev_events_for_room(self):
-        room_id = '@ROOM:local'
+        room_id = "@ROOM:local"
 
         # add a bunch of events and hashes to act as forward extremities
         def insert_event(txn, i):
-            event_id = '$event_%i:local' % i
+            event_id = "$event_%i:local" % i
 
             txn.execute(
                 (
@@ -45,19 +45,19 @@ class EventFederationWorkerStoreTestCase(tests.unittest.TestCase):
 
             txn.execute(
                 (
-                    'INSERT INTO event_forward_extremities (room_id, event_id) '
-                    'VALUES (?, ?)'
+                    "INSERT INTO event_forward_extremities (room_id, event_id) "
+                    "VALUES (?, ?)"
                 ),
                 (room_id, event_id),
             )
 
             txn.execute(
                 (
-                    'INSERT INTO event_reference_hashes '
-                    '(event_id, algorithm, hash) '
+                    "INSERT INTO event_reference_hashes "
+                    "(event_id, algorithm, hash) "
                     "VALUES (?, 'sha256', ?)"
                 ),
-                (event_id, b'ffff'),
+                (event_id, b"ffff"),
             )
 
         for i in range(0, 11):
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_event_metrics.py b/tests/storage/test_event_metrics.py
index 19f9ccf5e0..d44359ff93 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_event_metrics.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_event_metrics.py
@@ -61,22 +61,24 @@ class ExtremStatisticsTestCase(HomeserverTestCase):
             )
         )
 
-        expected = set([
-            b'synapse_forward_extremities_bucket{le="1.0"} 0.0',
-            b'synapse_forward_extremities_bucket{le="2.0"} 2.0',
-            b'synapse_forward_extremities_bucket{le="3.0"} 2.0',
-            b'synapse_forward_extremities_bucket{le="5.0"} 2.0',
-            b'synapse_forward_extremities_bucket{le="7.0"} 3.0',
-            b'synapse_forward_extremities_bucket{le="10.0"} 3.0',
-            b'synapse_forward_extremities_bucket{le="15.0"} 3.0',
-            b'synapse_forward_extremities_bucket{le="20.0"} 3.0',
-            b'synapse_forward_extremities_bucket{le="50.0"} 3.0',
-            b'synapse_forward_extremities_bucket{le="100.0"} 3.0',
-            b'synapse_forward_extremities_bucket{le="200.0"} 3.0',
-            b'synapse_forward_extremities_bucket{le="500.0"} 3.0',
-            b'synapse_forward_extremities_bucket{le="+Inf"} 3.0',
-            b'synapse_forward_extremities_count 3.0',
-            b'synapse_forward_extremities_sum 10.0',
-        ])
+        expected = set(
+            [
+                b'synapse_forward_extremities_bucket{le="1.0"} 0.0',
+                b'synapse_forward_extremities_bucket{le="2.0"} 2.0',
+                b'synapse_forward_extremities_bucket{le="3.0"} 2.0',
+                b'synapse_forward_extremities_bucket{le="5.0"} 2.0',
+                b'synapse_forward_extremities_bucket{le="7.0"} 3.0',
+                b'synapse_forward_extremities_bucket{le="10.0"} 3.0',
+                b'synapse_forward_extremities_bucket{le="15.0"} 3.0',
+                b'synapse_forward_extremities_bucket{le="20.0"} 3.0',
+                b'synapse_forward_extremities_bucket{le="50.0"} 3.0',
+                b'synapse_forward_extremities_bucket{le="100.0"} 3.0',
+                b'synapse_forward_extremities_bucket{le="200.0"} 3.0',
+                b'synapse_forward_extremities_bucket{le="500.0"} 3.0',
+                b'synapse_forward_extremities_bucket{le="+Inf"} 3.0',
+                b"synapse_forward_extremities_count 3.0",
+                b"synapse_forward_extremities_sum 10.0",
+            ]
+        )
 
         self.assertEqual(items, expected)
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_monthly_active_users.py b/tests/storage/test_monthly_active_users.py
index f458c03054..0ce0b991f9 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_monthly_active_users.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_monthly_active_users.py
@@ -46,9 +46,9 @@ class MonthlyActiveUsersTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         user3_email = "user3@matrix.org"
 
         threepids = [
-            {'medium': 'email', 'address': user1_email},
-            {'medium': 'email', 'address': user2_email},
-            {'medium': 'email', 'address': user3_email},
+            {"medium": "email", "address": user1_email},
+            {"medium": "email", "address": user2_email},
+            {"medium": "email", "address": user3_email},
         ]
         # -1 because user3 is a support user and does not count
         user_num = len(threepids) - 1
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ class MonthlyActiveUsersTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         self.store.user_last_seen_monthly_active = Mock(
             return_value=defer.succeed(None)
         )
-        self.store.populate_monthly_active_users('user_id')
+        self.store.populate_monthly_active_users("user_id")
         self.pump()
         self.store.upsert_monthly_active_user.assert_called_once()
 
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ class MonthlyActiveUsersTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         self.store.user_last_seen_monthly_active = Mock(
             return_value=defer.succeed(self.hs.get_clock().time_msec())
         )
-        self.store.populate_monthly_active_users('user_id')
+        self.store.populate_monthly_active_users("user_id")
         self.pump()
         self.store.upsert_monthly_active_user.assert_not_called()
 
@@ -198,13 +198,13 @@ class MonthlyActiveUsersTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         self.assertEquals(self.get_success(count), 0)
         # Test reserved users but no registered users
 
-        user1 = '@user1:example.com'
-        user2 = '@user2:example.com'
-        user1_email = 'user1@example.com'
-        user2_email = 'user2@example.com'
+        user1 = "@user1:example.com"
+        user2 = "@user2:example.com"
+        user1_email = "user1@example.com"
+        user2_email = "user2@example.com"
         threepids = [
-            {'medium': 'email', 'address': user1_email},
-            {'medium': 'email', 'address': user2_email},
+            {"medium": "email", "address": user1_email},
+            {"medium": "email", "address": user2_email},
         ]
         self.hs.config.mau_limits_reserved_threepids = threepids
         self.store.runInteraction(
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_profile.py b/tests/storage/test_profile.py
index c125a0d797..13e9f8ec09 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_profile.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_profile.py
@@ -34,19 +34,16 @@ class ProfileStoreTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_displayname(self):
-        yield self.store.set_profile_displayname(
-            self.u_frank.localpart, "Frank", 1,
-        )
+        yield self.store.set_profile_displayname(self.u_frank.localpart, "Frank", 1)
 
         self.assertEquals(
-            "Frank",
-            (yield self.store.get_profile_displayname(self.u_frank.localpart))
+            "Frank", (yield self.store.get_profile_displayname(self.u_frank.localpart))
         )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_avatar_url(self):
         yield self.store.set_profile_avatar_url(
-            self.u_frank.localpart, "http://my.site/here", 1,
+            self.u_frank.localpart, "http://my.site/here", 1
         )
 
         self.assertEquals(
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_state.py b/tests/storage/test_state.py
index b6169436de..212a7ae765 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_state.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_state.py
@@ -76,10 +76,10 @@ class StateStoreTestCase(tests.unittest.TestCase):
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_get_state_groups_ids(self):
         e1 = yield self.inject_state_event(
-            self.room, self.u_alice, EventTypes.Create, '', {}
+            self.room, self.u_alice, EventTypes.Create, "", {}
         )
         e2 = yield self.inject_state_event(
-            self.room, self.u_alice, EventTypes.Name, '', {"name": "test room"}
+            self.room, self.u_alice, EventTypes.Name, "", {"name": "test room"}
         )
 
         state_group_map = yield self.store.get_state_groups_ids(
@@ -89,16 +89,16 @@ class StateStoreTestCase(tests.unittest.TestCase):
         state_map = list(state_group_map.values())[0]
         self.assertDictEqual(
             state_map,
-            {(EventTypes.Create, ''): e1.event_id, (EventTypes.Name, ''): e2.event_id},
+            {(EventTypes.Create, ""): e1.event_id, (EventTypes.Name, ""): e2.event_id},
         )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_get_state_groups(self):
         e1 = yield self.inject_state_event(
-            self.room, self.u_alice, EventTypes.Create, '', {}
+            self.room, self.u_alice, EventTypes.Create, "", {}
         )
         e2 = yield self.inject_state_event(
-            self.room, self.u_alice, EventTypes.Name, '', {"name": "test room"}
+            self.room, self.u_alice, EventTypes.Name, "", {"name": "test room"}
         )
 
         state_group_map = yield self.store.get_state_groups(self.room, [e2.event_id])
@@ -113,10 +113,10 @@ class StateStoreTestCase(tests.unittest.TestCase):
         # this defaults to a linear DAG as each new injection defaults to whatever
         # forward extremities are currently in the DB for this room.
         e1 = yield self.inject_state_event(
-            self.room, self.u_alice, EventTypes.Create, '', {}
+            self.room, self.u_alice, EventTypes.Create, "", {}
         )
         e2 = yield self.inject_state_event(
-            self.room, self.u_alice, EventTypes.Name, '', {"name": "test room"}
+            self.room, self.u_alice, EventTypes.Name, "", {"name": "test room"}
         )
         e3 = yield self.inject_state_event(
             self.room,
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ class StateStoreTestCase(tests.unittest.TestCase):
 
         # check we can filter to the m.room.name event (with a '' state key)
         state = yield self.store.get_state_for_event(
-            e5.event_id, StateFilter.from_types([(EventTypes.Name, '')])
+            e5.event_id, StateFilter.from_types([(EventTypes.Name, "")])
         )
 
         self.assertStateMapEqual({(e2.type, e2.state_key): e2}, state)
diff --git a/tests/test_server.py b/tests/test_server.py
index 08fb3fe02f..3a7cb56479 100644
--- a/tests/test_server.py
+++ b/tests/test_server.py
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ class JsonResourceTests(unittest.TestCase):
         )
         render(request, res, self.reactor)
 
-        self.assertEqual(request.args, {b'a': [u"\N{SNOWMAN}".encode('utf8')]})
+        self.assertEqual(request.args, {b"a": [u"\N{SNOWMAN}".encode("utf8")]})
         self.assertEqual(got_kwargs, {u"room_id": u"\N{SNOWMAN}"})
 
     def test_callback_direct_exception(self):
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ class JsonResourceTests(unittest.TestCase):
         request, channel = make_request(self.reactor, b"GET", b"/_matrix/foo")
         render(request, res, self.reactor)
 
-        self.assertEqual(channel.result["code"], b'500')
+        self.assertEqual(channel.result["code"], b"500")
 
     def test_callback_indirect_exception(self):
         """
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ class JsonResourceTests(unittest.TestCase):
         request, channel = make_request(self.reactor, b"GET", b"/_matrix/foo")
         render(request, res, self.reactor)
 
-        self.assertEqual(channel.result["code"], b'500')
+        self.assertEqual(channel.result["code"], b"500")
 
     def test_callback_synapseerror(self):
         """
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ class JsonResourceTests(unittest.TestCase):
         request, channel = make_request(self.reactor, b"GET", b"/_matrix/foo")
         render(request, res, self.reactor)
 
-        self.assertEqual(channel.result["code"], b'403')
+        self.assertEqual(channel.result["code"], b"403")
         self.assertEqual(channel.json_body["error"], "Forbidden!!one!")
         self.assertEqual(channel.json_body["errcode"], "M_FORBIDDEN")
 
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ class JsonResourceTests(unittest.TestCase):
         request, channel = make_request(self.reactor, b"GET", b"/_matrix/foobar")
         render(request, res, self.reactor)
 
-        self.assertEqual(channel.result["code"], b'400')
+        self.assertEqual(channel.result["code"], b"400")
         self.assertEqual(channel.json_body["error"], "Unrecognized request")
         self.assertEqual(channel.json_body["errcode"], "M_UNRECOGNIZED")
 
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ class SiteTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         # Make a resource and a Site, the resource will hang and allow us to
         # time out the request while it's 'processing'
         base_resource = Resource()
-        base_resource.putChild(b'', HangingResource())
+        base_resource.putChild(b"", HangingResource())
         site = SynapseSite("test", "site_tag", {}, base_resource, "1.0")
 
         server = site.buildProtocol(None)
diff --git a/tests/test_state.py b/tests/test_state.py
index 6491a7105a..6d33566f47 100644
--- a/tests/test_state.py
+++ b/tests/test_state.py
@@ -366,11 +366,11 @@ class StateTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
     def _add_depths(self, nodes, edges):
         def _get_depth(ev):
             node = nodes[ev]
-            if 'depth' not in node:
+            if "depth" not in node:
                 prevs = edges[ev]
                 depth = max(_get_depth(prev) for prev in prevs) + 1
-                node['depth'] = depth
-            return node['depth']
+                node["depth"] = depth
+            return node["depth"]
 
         for n in nodes:
             _get_depth(n)
diff --git a/tests/test_types.py b/tests/test_types.py
index 73d3b2cda2..1477d6a67d 100644
--- a/tests/test_types.py
+++ b/tests/test_types.py
@@ -109,9 +109,9 @@ class MapUsernameTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def testNonAscii(self):
         # this should work with either a unicode or a bytes
-        self.assertEqual(map_username_to_mxid_localpart(u'têst'), "t=c3=aast")
+        self.assertEqual(map_username_to_mxid_localpart(u"têst"), "t=c3=aast")
         self.assertEqual(
-            map_username_to_mxid_localpart(u'têst'.encode('utf-8')), "t=c3=aast"
+            map_username_to_mxid_localpart(u"têst".encode("utf-8")), "t=c3=aast"
         )
 
 
diff --git a/tests/test_utils/logging_setup.py b/tests/test_utils/logging_setup.py
index fde0baee8e..813f984199 100644
--- a/tests/test_utils/logging_setup.py
+++ b/tests/test_utils/logging_setup.py
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ class ToTwistedHandler(logging.Handler):
 
     def emit(self, record):
         log_entry = self.format(record)
-        log_level = record.levelname.lower().replace('warning', 'warn')
+        log_level = record.levelname.lower().replace("warning", "warn")
         self.tx_log.emit(
             twisted.logger.LogLevel.levelWithName(log_level),
             log_entry.replace("{", r"(").replace("}", r")"),
diff --git a/tests/test_visibility.py b/tests/test_visibility.py
index 6a180ddc32..118c3bd238 100644
--- a/tests/test_visibility.py
+++ b/tests/test_visibility.py
@@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ class FilterEventsForServerTestCase(tests.unittest.TestCase):
 
         pr.disable()
         with open("filter_events_for_server.profile", "w+") as f:
-            ps = pstats.Stats(pr, stream=f).sort_stats('cumulative')
+            ps = pstats.Stats(pr, stream=f).sort_stats("cumulative")
             ps.print_stats()
 
         # the result should be 5 redacted events, and 5 unredacted events.
diff --git a/tests/unittest.py b/tests/unittest.py
index b6dc7932ce..251b0b850e 100644
--- a/tests/unittest.py
+++ b/tests/unittest.py
@@ -298,7 +298,7 @@ class HomeserverTestCase(TestCase):
             Tuple[synapse.http.site.SynapseRequest, channel]
         """
         if isinstance(content, dict):
-            content = json.dumps(content).encode('utf8')
+            content = json.dumps(content).encode("utf8")
 
         return make_request(
             self.reactor,
@@ -397,13 +397,13 @@ class HomeserverTestCase(TestCase):
         nonce = channel.json_body["nonce"]
 
         want_mac = hmac.new(key=b"shared", digestmod=hashlib.sha1)
-        nonce_str = b"\x00".join([username.encode('utf8'), password.encode('utf8')])
+        nonce_str = b"\x00".join([username.encode("utf8"), password.encode("utf8")])
         if admin:
             nonce_str += b"\x00admin"
         else:
             nonce_str += b"\x00notadmin"
 
-        want_mac.update(nonce.encode('ascii') + b"\x00" + nonce_str)
+        want_mac.update(nonce.encode("ascii") + b"\x00" + nonce_str)
         want_mac = want_mac.hexdigest()
 
         body = json.dumps(
@@ -416,7 +416,7 @@ class HomeserverTestCase(TestCase):
             }
         )
         request, channel = self.make_request(
-            "POST", "/_matrix/client/r0/admin/register", body.encode('utf8')
+            "POST", "/_matrix/client/r0/admin/register", body.encode("utf8")
         )
         self.render(request)
         self.assertEqual(channel.code, 200)
@@ -435,7 +435,7 @@ class HomeserverTestCase(TestCase):
             body["device_id"] = device_id
 
         request, channel = self.make_request(
-            "POST", "/_matrix/client/r0/login", json.dumps(body).encode('utf8')
+            "POST", "/_matrix/client/r0/login", json.dumps(body).encode("utf8")
         )
         self.render(request)
         self.assertEqual(channel.code, 200, channel.result)
@@ -481,9 +481,7 @@ class HomeserverTestCase(TestCase):
         if soft_failed:
             event.internal_metadata.soft_failed = True
 
-        self.get_success(
-            event_creator.send_nonmember_event(requester, event, context)
-        )
+        self.get_success(event_creator.send_nonmember_event(requester, event, context))
 
         return event.event_id
 
@@ -508,7 +506,7 @@ class HomeserverTestCase(TestCase):
         body = {"type": "m.login.password", "user": username, "password": password}
 
         request, channel = self.make_request(
-            "POST", "/_matrix/client/r0/login", json.dumps(body).encode('utf8')
+            "POST", "/_matrix/client/r0/login", json.dumps(body).encode("utf8")
         )
         self.render(request)
         self.assertEqual(channel.code, 403, channel.result)
diff --git a/tests/util/caches/test_descriptors.py b/tests/util/caches/test_descriptors.py
index 463a737efa..6f8f52537c 100644
--- a/tests/util/caches/test_descriptors.py
+++ b/tests/util/caches/test_descriptors.py
@@ -88,24 +88,24 @@ class DescriptorTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
         obj = Cls()
 
-        obj.mock.return_value = 'fish'
+        obj.mock.return_value = "fish"
         r = yield obj.fn(1, 2)
-        self.assertEqual(r, 'fish')
+        self.assertEqual(r, "fish")
         obj.mock.assert_called_once_with(1, 2)
         obj.mock.reset_mock()
 
         # a call with different params should call the mock again
-        obj.mock.return_value = 'chips'
+        obj.mock.return_value = "chips"
         r = yield obj.fn(1, 3)
-        self.assertEqual(r, 'chips')
+        self.assertEqual(r, "chips")
         obj.mock.assert_called_once_with(1, 3)
         obj.mock.reset_mock()
 
         # the two values should now be cached
         r = yield obj.fn(1, 2)
-        self.assertEqual(r, 'fish')
+        self.assertEqual(r, "fish")
         r = yield obj.fn(1, 3)
-        self.assertEqual(r, 'chips')
+        self.assertEqual(r, "chips")
         obj.mock.assert_not_called()
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -121,25 +121,25 @@ class DescriptorTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
                 return self.mock(arg1, arg2)
 
         obj = Cls()
-        obj.mock.return_value = 'fish'
+        obj.mock.return_value = "fish"
         r = yield obj.fn(1, 2)
-        self.assertEqual(r, 'fish')
+        self.assertEqual(r, "fish")
         obj.mock.assert_called_once_with(1, 2)
         obj.mock.reset_mock()
 
         # a call with different params should call the mock again
-        obj.mock.return_value = 'chips'
+        obj.mock.return_value = "chips"
         r = yield obj.fn(2, 3)
-        self.assertEqual(r, 'chips')
+        self.assertEqual(r, "chips")
         obj.mock.assert_called_once_with(2, 3)
         obj.mock.reset_mock()
 
         # the two values should now be cached; we should be able to vary
         # the second argument and still get the cached result.
         r = yield obj.fn(1, 4)
-        self.assertEqual(r, 'fish')
+        self.assertEqual(r, "fish")
         r = yield obj.fn(2, 5)
-        self.assertEqual(r, 'chips')
+        self.assertEqual(r, "chips")
         obj.mock.assert_not_called()
 
     def test_cache_logcontexts(self):
@@ -248,30 +248,30 @@ class DescriptorTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
         obj = Cls()
 
-        obj.mock.return_value = 'fish'
+        obj.mock.return_value = "fish"
         r = yield obj.fn(1, 2, 3)
-        self.assertEqual(r, 'fish')
+        self.assertEqual(r, "fish")
         obj.mock.assert_called_once_with(1, 2, 3)
         obj.mock.reset_mock()
 
         # a call with same params shouldn't call the mock again
         r = yield obj.fn(1, 2)
-        self.assertEqual(r, 'fish')
+        self.assertEqual(r, "fish")
         obj.mock.assert_not_called()
         obj.mock.reset_mock()
 
         # a call with different params should call the mock again
-        obj.mock.return_value = 'chips'
+        obj.mock.return_value = "chips"
         r = yield obj.fn(2, 3)
-        self.assertEqual(r, 'chips')
+        self.assertEqual(r, "chips")
         obj.mock.assert_called_once_with(2, 3, 3)
         obj.mock.reset_mock()
 
         # the two values should now be cached
         r = yield obj.fn(1, 2)
-        self.assertEqual(r, 'fish')
+        self.assertEqual(r, "fish")
         r = yield obj.fn(2, 3)
-        self.assertEqual(r, 'chips')
+        self.assertEqual(r, "chips")
         obj.mock.assert_not_called()
 
 
@@ -297,7 +297,7 @@ class CachedListDescriptorTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         with logcontext.LoggingContext() as c1:
             c1.request = "c1"
             obj = Cls()
-            obj.mock.return_value = {10: 'fish', 20: 'chips'}
+            obj.mock.return_value = {10: "fish", 20: "chips"}
             d1 = obj.list_fn([10, 20], 2)
             self.assertEqual(
                 logcontext.LoggingContext.current_context(),
@@ -306,26 +306,26 @@ class CachedListDescriptorTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             r = yield d1
             self.assertEqual(logcontext.LoggingContext.current_context(), c1)
             obj.mock.assert_called_once_with([10, 20], 2)
-            self.assertEqual(r, {10: 'fish', 20: 'chips'})
+            self.assertEqual(r, {10: "fish", 20: "chips"})
             obj.mock.reset_mock()
 
             # a call with different params should call the mock again
-            obj.mock.return_value = {30: 'peas'}
+            obj.mock.return_value = {30: "peas"}
             r = yield obj.list_fn([20, 30], 2)
             obj.mock.assert_called_once_with([30], 2)
-            self.assertEqual(r, {20: 'chips', 30: 'peas'})
+            self.assertEqual(r, {20: "chips", 30: "peas"})
             obj.mock.reset_mock()
 
             # all the values should now be cached
             r = yield obj.fn(10, 2)
-            self.assertEqual(r, 'fish')
+            self.assertEqual(r, "fish")
             r = yield obj.fn(20, 2)
-            self.assertEqual(r, 'chips')
+            self.assertEqual(r, "chips")
             r = yield obj.fn(30, 2)
-            self.assertEqual(r, 'peas')
+            self.assertEqual(r, "peas")
             r = yield obj.list_fn([10, 20, 30], 2)
             obj.mock.assert_not_called()
-            self.assertEqual(r, {10: 'fish', 20: 'chips', 30: 'peas'})
+            self.assertEqual(r, {10: "fish", 20: "chips", 30: "peas"})
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_invalidate(self):
@@ -350,16 +350,16 @@ class CachedListDescriptorTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         invalidate1 = mock.Mock()
 
         # cache miss
-        obj.mock.return_value = {10: 'fish', 20: 'chips'}
+        obj.mock.return_value = {10: "fish", 20: "chips"}
         r1 = yield obj.list_fn([10, 20], 2, on_invalidate=invalidate0)
         obj.mock.assert_called_once_with([10, 20], 2)
-        self.assertEqual(r1, {10: 'fish', 20: 'chips'})
+        self.assertEqual(r1, {10: "fish", 20: "chips"})
         obj.mock.reset_mock()
 
         # cache hit
         r2 = yield obj.list_fn([10, 20], 2, on_invalidate=invalidate1)
         obj.mock.assert_not_called()
-        self.assertEqual(r2, {10: 'fish', 20: 'chips'})
+        self.assertEqual(r2, {10: "fish", 20: "chips"})
 
         invalidate0.assert_not_called()
         invalidate1.assert_not_called()
diff --git a/tests/util/caches/test_ttlcache.py b/tests/util/caches/test_ttlcache.py
index 03b3c15db6..c94cbb662b 100644
--- a/tests/util/caches/test_ttlcache.py
+++ b/tests/util/caches/test_ttlcache.py
@@ -27,57 +27,57 @@ class CacheTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_get(self):
         """simple set/get tests"""
-        self.cache.set('one', '1', 10)
-        self.cache.set('two', '2', 20)
-        self.cache.set('three', '3', 30)
+        self.cache.set("one", "1", 10)
+        self.cache.set("two", "2", 20)
+        self.cache.set("three", "3", 30)
 
         self.assertEqual(len(self.cache), 3)
 
-        self.assertTrue('one' in self.cache)
-        self.assertEqual(self.cache.get('one'), '1')
-        self.assertEqual(self.cache['one'], '1')
-        self.assertEqual(self.cache.get_with_expiry('one'), ('1', 110))
+        self.assertTrue("one" in self.cache)
+        self.assertEqual(self.cache.get("one"), "1")
+        self.assertEqual(self.cache["one"], "1")
+        self.assertEqual(self.cache.get_with_expiry("one"), ("1", 110))
         self.assertEqual(self.cache._metrics.hits, 3)
         self.assertEqual(self.cache._metrics.misses, 0)
 
-        self.cache.set('two', '2.5', 20)
-        self.assertEqual(self.cache['two'], '2.5')
+        self.cache.set("two", "2.5", 20)
+        self.assertEqual(self.cache["two"], "2.5")
         self.assertEqual(self.cache._metrics.hits, 4)
 
         # non-existent-item tests
-        self.assertEqual(self.cache.get('four', '4'), '4')
-        self.assertIs(self.cache.get('four', None), None)
+        self.assertEqual(self.cache.get("four", "4"), "4")
+        self.assertIs(self.cache.get("four", None), None)
 
         with self.assertRaises(KeyError):
-            self.cache['four']
+            self.cache["four"]
 
         with self.assertRaises(KeyError):
-            self.cache.get('four')
+            self.cache.get("four")
 
         with self.assertRaises(KeyError):
-            self.cache.get_with_expiry('four')
+            self.cache.get_with_expiry("four")
 
         self.assertEqual(self.cache._metrics.hits, 4)
         self.assertEqual(self.cache._metrics.misses, 5)
 
     def test_expiry(self):
-        self.cache.set('one', '1', 10)
-        self.cache.set('two', '2', 20)
-        self.cache.set('three', '3', 30)
+        self.cache.set("one", "1", 10)
+        self.cache.set("two", "2", 20)
+        self.cache.set("three", "3", 30)
 
         self.assertEqual(len(self.cache), 3)
-        self.assertEqual(self.cache['one'], '1')
-        self.assertEqual(self.cache['two'], '2')
+        self.assertEqual(self.cache["one"], "1")
+        self.assertEqual(self.cache["two"], "2")
 
         # enough for the first entry to expire, but not the rest
         self.mock_timer.side_effect = lambda: 110.0
 
         self.assertEqual(len(self.cache), 2)
-        self.assertFalse('one' in self.cache)
-        self.assertEqual(self.cache['two'], '2')
-        self.assertEqual(self.cache['three'], '3')
+        self.assertFalse("one" in self.cache)
+        self.assertEqual(self.cache["two"], "2")
+        self.assertEqual(self.cache["three"], "3")
 
-        self.assertEqual(self.cache.get_with_expiry('two'), ('2', 120))
+        self.assertEqual(self.cache.get_with_expiry("two"), ("2", 120))
 
         self.assertEqual(self.cache._metrics.hits, 5)
         self.assertEqual(self.cache._metrics.misses, 0)
diff --git a/tests/utils.py b/tests/utils.py
index f8c7ad2604..bd2c7c954c 100644
--- a/tests/utils.py
+++ b/tests/utils.py
@@ -358,9 +358,9 @@ def setup_test_homeserver(
     # Need to let the HS build an auth handler and then mess with it
     # because AuthHandler's constructor requires the HS, so we can't make one
     # beforehand and pass it in to the HS's constructor (chicken / egg)
-    hs.get_auth_handler().hash = lambda p: hashlib.md5(p.encode('utf8')).hexdigest()
+    hs.get_auth_handler().hash = lambda p: hashlib.md5(p.encode("utf8")).hexdigest()
     hs.get_auth_handler().validate_hash = (
-        lambda p, h: hashlib.md5(p.encode('utf8')).hexdigest() == h
+        lambda p, h: hashlib.md5(p.encode("utf8")).hexdigest() == h
     )
 
     fed = kargs.get("resource_for_federation", None)
@@ -407,7 +407,7 @@ class MockHttpResource(HttpServer):
     def trigger_get(self, path):
         return self.trigger(b"GET", path, None)
 
-    @patch('twisted.web.http.Request')
+    @patch("twisted.web.http.Request")
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def trigger(
         self, http_method, path, content, mock_request, federation_auth_origin=None
@@ -431,12 +431,12 @@ class MockHttpResource(HttpServer):
         # annoyingly we return a twisted http request which has chained calls
         # to get at the http content, hence mock it here.
         mock_content = Mock()
-        config = {'read.return_value': content}
+        config = {"read.return_value": content}
         mock_content.configure_mock(**config)
         mock_request.content = mock_content
 
-        mock_request.method = http_method.encode('ascii')
-        mock_request.uri = path.encode('ascii')
+        mock_request.method = http_method.encode("ascii")
+        mock_request.uri = path.encode("ascii")
 
         mock_request.getClientIP.return_value = "-"
 
@@ -452,14 +452,14 @@ class MockHttpResource(HttpServer):
 
         # add in query params to the right place
         try:
-            mock_request.args = urlparse.parse_qs(path.split('?')[1])
-            mock_request.path = path.split('?')[0]
+            mock_request.args = urlparse.parse_qs(path.split("?")[1])
+            mock_request.path = path.split("?")[0]
             path = mock_request.path
         except Exception:
             pass
 
         if isinstance(path, bytes):
-            path = path.decode('utf8')
+            path = path.decode("utf8")
 
         for (method, pattern, func) in self.callbacks:
             if http_method != method:
-- 
cgit 1.5.1


From 49f877d32efc79cb40b2766cb052cf35bad31de5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Patrick Cloke <clokep@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 14 Feb 2020 07:17:54 -0500
Subject: Filter the results of user directory searching via the spam checker
 (#6888)

Add a method to the spam checker to filter the user directory results.
---
 changelog.d/6888.feature              |  1 +
 docs/spam_checker.md                  |  3 ++
 synapse/events/spamcheck.py           | 27 ++++++++++
 synapse/handlers/user_directory.py    | 14 +++++-
 tests/handlers/test_user_directory.py | 92 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 5 files changed, 135 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 changelog.d/6888.feature

(limited to 'tests/handlers')

diff --git a/changelog.d/6888.feature b/changelog.d/6888.feature
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1b7ac0c823
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/6888.feature
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+The result of a user directory search can now be filtered via the spam checker.
diff --git a/docs/spam_checker.md b/docs/spam_checker.md
index 97ff17f952..5b5f5000b7 100644
--- a/docs/spam_checker.md
+++ b/docs/spam_checker.md
@@ -54,6 +54,9 @@ class ExampleSpamChecker:
 
     def user_may_publish_room(self, userid, room_id):
         return True  # allow publishing of all rooms
+
+    def check_username_for_spam(self, user_profile):
+        return False  # allow all usernames
 ```
 
 ## Configuration
diff --git a/synapse/events/spamcheck.py b/synapse/events/spamcheck.py
index 5a907718d6..0a13fca9a4 100644
--- a/synapse/events/spamcheck.py
+++ b/synapse/events/spamcheck.py
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 
 import inspect
+from typing import Dict
 
 from synapse.spam_checker_api import SpamCheckerApi
 
@@ -125,3 +126,29 @@ class SpamChecker(object):
             return True
 
         return self.spam_checker.user_may_publish_room(userid, room_id)
+
+    def check_username_for_spam(self, user_profile: Dict[str, str]) -> bool:
+        """Checks if a user ID or display name are considered "spammy" by this server.
+
+        If the server considers a username spammy, then it will not be included in
+        user directory results.
+
+        Args:
+            user_profile: The user information to check, it contains the keys:
+                * user_id
+                * display_name
+                * avatar_url
+
+        Returns:
+            True if the user is spammy.
+        """
+        if self.spam_checker is None:
+            return False
+
+        # For backwards compatibility, if the method does not exist on the spam checker, fallback to not interfering.
+        checker = getattr(self.spam_checker, "check_username_for_spam", None)
+        if not checker:
+            return False
+        # Make a copy of the user profile object to ensure the spam checker
+        # cannot modify it.
+        return checker(user_profile.copy())
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/user_directory.py b/synapse/handlers/user_directory.py
index 81aa58dc8c..722760c59d 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/user_directory.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/user_directory.py
@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@ class UserDirectoryHandler(StateDeltasHandler):
         self.is_mine_id = hs.is_mine_id
         self.update_user_directory = hs.config.update_user_directory
         self.search_all_users = hs.config.user_directory_search_all_users
+        self.spam_checker = hs.get_spam_checker()
         # The current position in the current_state_delta stream
         self.pos = None
 
@@ -65,7 +66,7 @@ class UserDirectoryHandler(StateDeltasHandler):
             # we start populating the user directory
             self.clock.call_later(0, self.notify_new_event)
 
-    def search_users(self, user_id, search_term, limit):
+    async def search_users(self, user_id, search_term, limit):
         """Searches for users in directory
 
         Returns:
@@ -82,7 +83,16 @@ class UserDirectoryHandler(StateDeltasHandler):
                     ]
                 }
         """
-        return self.store.search_user_dir(user_id, search_term, limit)
+        results = await self.store.search_user_dir(user_id, search_term, limit)
+
+        # Remove any spammy users from the results.
+        results["results"] = [
+            user
+            for user in results["results"]
+            if not self.spam_checker.check_username_for_spam(user)
+        ]
+
+        return results
 
     def notify_new_event(self):
         """Called when there may be more deltas to process
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_user_directory.py b/tests/handlers/test_user_directory.py
index 26071059d2..0a4765fff4 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_user_directory.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_user_directory.py
@@ -147,6 +147,98 @@ class UserDirectoryTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         s = self.get_success(self.handler.search_users(u1, "user3", 10))
         self.assertEqual(len(s["results"]), 0)
 
+    def test_spam_checker(self):
+        """
+        A user which fails to the spam checks will not appear in search results.
+        """
+        u1 = self.register_user("user1", "pass")
+        u1_token = self.login(u1, "pass")
+        u2 = self.register_user("user2", "pass")
+        u2_token = self.login(u2, "pass")
+
+        # We do not add users to the directory until they join a room.
+        s = self.get_success(self.handler.search_users(u1, "user2", 10))
+        self.assertEqual(len(s["results"]), 0)
+
+        room = self.helper.create_room_as(u1, is_public=False, tok=u1_token)
+        self.helper.invite(room, src=u1, targ=u2, tok=u1_token)
+        self.helper.join(room, user=u2, tok=u2_token)
+
+        # Check we have populated the database correctly.
+        shares_private = self.get_users_who_share_private_rooms()
+        public_users = self.get_users_in_public_rooms()
+
+        self.assertEqual(
+            self._compress_shared(shares_private), set([(u1, u2, room), (u2, u1, room)])
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(public_users, [])
+
+        # We get one search result when searching for user2 by user1.
+        s = self.get_success(self.handler.search_users(u1, "user2", 10))
+        self.assertEqual(len(s["results"]), 1)
+
+        # Configure a spam checker that does not filter any users.
+        spam_checker = self.hs.get_spam_checker()
+
+        class AllowAll(object):
+            def check_username_for_spam(self, user_profile):
+                # Allow all users.
+                return False
+
+        spam_checker.spam_checker = AllowAll()
+
+        # The results do not change:
+        # We get one search result when searching for user2 by user1.
+        s = self.get_success(self.handler.search_users(u1, "user2", 10))
+        self.assertEqual(len(s["results"]), 1)
+
+        # Configure a spam checker that filters all users.
+        class BlockAll(object):
+            def check_username_for_spam(self, user_profile):
+                # All users are spammy.
+                return True
+
+        spam_checker.spam_checker = BlockAll()
+
+        # User1 now gets no search results for any of the other users.
+        s = self.get_success(self.handler.search_users(u1, "user2", 10))
+        self.assertEqual(len(s["results"]), 0)
+
+    def test_legacy_spam_checker(self):
+        """
+        A spam checker without the expected method should be ignored.
+        """
+        u1 = self.register_user("user1", "pass")
+        u1_token = self.login(u1, "pass")
+        u2 = self.register_user("user2", "pass")
+        u2_token = self.login(u2, "pass")
+
+        # We do not add users to the directory until they join a room.
+        s = self.get_success(self.handler.search_users(u1, "user2", 10))
+        self.assertEqual(len(s["results"]), 0)
+
+        room = self.helper.create_room_as(u1, is_public=False, tok=u1_token)
+        self.helper.invite(room, src=u1, targ=u2, tok=u1_token)
+        self.helper.join(room, user=u2, tok=u2_token)
+
+        # Check we have populated the database correctly.
+        shares_private = self.get_users_who_share_private_rooms()
+        public_users = self.get_users_in_public_rooms()
+
+        self.assertEqual(
+            self._compress_shared(shares_private), set([(u1, u2, room), (u2, u1, room)])
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(public_users, [])
+
+        # Configure a spam checker.
+        spam_checker = self.hs.get_spam_checker()
+        # The spam checker doesn't need any methods, so create a bare object.
+        spam_checker.spam_checker = object()
+
+        # We get one search result when searching for user2 by user1.
+        s = self.get_success(self.handler.search_users(u1, "user2", 10))
+        self.assertEqual(len(s["results"]), 1)
+
     def _compress_shared(self, shared):
         """
         Compress a list of users who share rooms dicts to a list of tuples.
-- 
cgit 1.5.1


From 02e89021f58f931068ab0337de039181cc7f6569 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Patrick Cloke <clokep@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 14 Feb 2020 09:05:43 -0500
Subject: Convert the directory handler tests to use HomeserverTestCase (#6919)

Convert directory handler tests to use HomeserverTestCase.
---
 changelog.d/6919.misc            |  1 +
 tests/handlers/test_directory.py | 41 +++++++++++++++++-----------------------
 2 files changed, 18 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 changelog.d/6919.misc

(limited to 'tests/handlers')

diff --git a/changelog.d/6919.misc b/changelog.d/6919.misc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..aa2cd89998
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/6919.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Convert the directory handler tests to use HomeserverTestCase.
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_directory.py b/tests/handlers/test_directory.py
index 91c7a17070..ee88cf5a4b 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_directory.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_directory.py
@@ -19,24 +19,16 @@ from mock import Mock
 from twisted.internet import defer
 
 from synapse.config.room_directory import RoomDirectoryConfig
-from synapse.handlers.directory import DirectoryHandler
 from synapse.rest.client.v1 import directory, room
 from synapse.types import RoomAlias
 
 from tests import unittest
-from tests.utils import setup_test_homeserver
 
 
-class DirectoryHandlers(object):
-    def __init__(self, hs):
-        self.directory_handler = DirectoryHandler(hs)
-
-
-class DirectoryTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
+class DirectoryTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
     """ Tests the directory service. """
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def setUp(self):
+    def make_homeserver(self, reactor, clock):
         self.mock_federation = Mock()
         self.mock_registry = Mock()
 
@@ -47,14 +39,12 @@ class DirectoryTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
         self.mock_registry.register_query_handler = register_query_handler
 
-        hs = yield setup_test_homeserver(
-            self.addCleanup,
+        hs = self.setup_test_homeserver(
             http_client=None,
             resource_for_federation=Mock(),
             federation_client=self.mock_federation,
             federation_registry=self.mock_registry,
         )
-        hs.handlers = DirectoryHandlers(hs)
 
         self.handler = hs.get_handlers().directory_handler
 
@@ -64,23 +54,25 @@ class DirectoryTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.your_room = RoomAlias.from_string("#your-room:test")
         self.remote_room = RoomAlias.from_string("#another:remote")
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+        return hs
+
     def test_get_local_association(self):
-        yield self.store.create_room_alias_association(
-            self.my_room, "!8765qwer:test", ["test"]
+        self.get_success(
+            self.store.create_room_alias_association(
+                self.my_room, "!8765qwer:test", ["test"]
+            )
         )
 
-        result = yield self.handler.get_association(self.my_room)
+        result = self.get_success(self.handler.get_association(self.my_room))
 
         self.assertEquals({"room_id": "!8765qwer:test", "servers": ["test"]}, result)
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_get_remote_association(self):
         self.mock_federation.make_query.return_value = defer.succeed(
             {"room_id": "!8765qwer:test", "servers": ["test", "remote"]}
         )
 
-        result = yield self.handler.get_association(self.remote_room)
+        result = self.get_success(self.handler.get_association(self.remote_room))
 
         self.assertEquals(
             {"room_id": "!8765qwer:test", "servers": ["test", "remote"]}, result
@@ -93,14 +85,15 @@ class DirectoryTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             ignore_backoff=True,
         )
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_incoming_fed_query(self):
-        yield self.store.create_room_alias_association(
-            self.your_room, "!8765asdf:test", ["test"]
+        self.get_success(
+            self.store.create_room_alias_association(
+                self.your_room, "!8765asdf:test", ["test"]
+            )
         )
 
-        response = yield self.query_handlers["directory"](
-            {"room_alias": "#your-room:test"}
+        response = self.get_success(
+            self.handler.on_directory_query({"room_alias": "#your-room:test"})
         )
 
         self.assertEquals({"room_id": "!8765asdf:test", "servers": ["test"]}, response)
-- 
cgit 1.5.1


From 622d0be1b303eaca3df917fe89b7355c559dccec Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Andrew Morgan <andrew@amorgan.xyz>
Date: Fri, 14 Feb 2020 13:17:02 +0000
Subject: Fix with isort==4.3.21 and black==19.3b0

---
 docs/sphinx/conf.py                                         | 8 ++++----
 synapse/handlers/pagination.py                              | 2 +-
 synapse/handlers/profile.py                                 | 3 +--
 synapse/handlers/room_member.py                             | 6 +++---
 synapse/http/client.py                                      | 2 +-
 synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/account_validity.py            | 7 +++----
 synapse/server.py                                           | 2 +-
 synapse/server_notices/server_notices_sender.py             | 2 +-
 synapse/storage/events_worker.py                            | 2 --
 tests/handlers/test_register.py                             | 4 ++--
 tests/server_notices/test_resource_limits_server_notices.py | 2 +-
 tests/storage/test_keys.py                                  | 1 -
 tox.ini                                                     | 2 +-
 13 files changed, 19 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

(limited to 'tests/handlers')

diff --git a/docs/sphinx/conf.py b/docs/sphinx/conf.py
index ca4b879526..5c5a115ca9 100644
--- a/docs/sphinx/conf.py
+++ b/docs/sphinx/conf.py
@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@
 # All configuration values have a default; values that are commented out
 # serve to show the default.
 
-import sys
 import os
+import sys
 
 # If extensions (or modules to document with autodoc) are in another directory,
 # add these directories to sys.path here. If the directory is relative to the
@@ -191,11 +191,11 @@ htmlhelp_basename = "Synapsedoc"
 
 latex_elements = {
     # The paper size ('letterpaper' or 'a4paper').
-    #'papersize': 'letterpaper',
+    # 'papersize': 'letterpaper',
     # The font size ('10pt', '11pt' or '12pt').
-    #'pointsize': '10pt',
+    # 'pointsize': '10pt',
     # Additional stuff for the LaTeX preamble.
-    #'preamble': '',
+    # 'preamble': '',
 }
 
 # Grouping the document tree into LaTeX files. List of tuples
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/pagination.py b/synapse/handlers/pagination.py
index bc9c9a056f..1d1fe8996d 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/pagination.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/pagination.py
@@ -22,8 +22,8 @@ from twisted.python.failure import Failure
 
 from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes, Membership
 from synapse.api.errors import SynapseError
-from synapse.metrics.background_process_metrics import run_as_background_process
 from synapse.logging.context import run_in_background
+from synapse.metrics.background_process_metrics import run_as_background_process
 from synapse.storage.state import StateFilter
 from synapse.types import RoomStreamToken
 from synapse.util.async_helpers import ReadWriteLock
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/profile.py b/synapse/handlers/profile.py
index e439294ddf..7dfdce9757 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/profile.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/profile.py
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@
 import logging
 
 from six import raise_from
-
 from six.moves import range
 
 from signedjson.sign import sign_json
@@ -32,9 +31,9 @@ from synapse.api.errors import (
     StoreError,
     SynapseError,
 )
+from synapse.logging.context import run_in_background
 from synapse.metrics.background_process_metrics import run_as_background_process
 from synapse.types import UserID, get_domain_from_id
-from synapse.logging.context import run_in_background
 
 from ._base import BaseHandler
 
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/room_member.py b/synapse/handlers/room_member.py
index 0a2ff75629..2f52f2a8f2 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/room_member.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/room_member.py
@@ -599,9 +599,9 @@ class RoomMemberHandler(object):
 
         if requester is not None:
             sender = UserID.from_string(event.sender)
-            assert sender == requester.user, (
-                "Sender (%s) must be same as requester (%s)" % (sender, requester.user)
-            )
+            assert (
+                sender == requester.user
+            ), "Sender (%s) must be same as requester (%s)" % (sender, requester.user)
             assert self.hs.is_mine(sender), "Sender must be our own: %s" % (sender,)
         else:
             requester = synapse.types.create_requester(target_user)
diff --git a/synapse/http/client.py b/synapse/http/client.py
index e58ecc6786..e498ba0a6c 100644
--- a/synapse/http/client.py
+++ b/synapse/http/client.py
@@ -45,8 +45,8 @@ from synapse.http import (
     cancelled_to_request_timed_out_error,
     redact_uri,
 )
-from synapse.logging.context import make_deferred_yieldable
 from synapse.http.proxyagent import ProxyAgent
+from synapse.logging.context import make_deferred_yieldable
 from synapse.util.async_helpers import timeout_deferred
 from synapse.util.caches import CACHE_SIZE_FACTOR
 
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/account_validity.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/account_validity.py
index 348d2a103b..77a59461bc 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/account_validity.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/account_validity.py
@@ -15,9 +15,10 @@
 
 import logging
 
-from twisted.internet import defer
 from six import ensure_binary
 
+from twisted.internet import defer
+
 from synapse.api.errors import AuthError, SynapseError
 from synapse.http.server import finish_request
 from synapse.http.servlet import RestServlet
@@ -65,9 +66,7 @@ class AccountValidityRenewServlet(RestServlet):
 
         request.setResponseCode(status_code)
         request.setHeader(b"Content-Type", b"text/html; charset=utf-8")
-        request.setHeader(
-            b"Content-Length", b"%d" % (len(response),)
-        )
+        request.setHeader(b"Content-Length", b"%d" % (len(response),))
         request.write(ensure_binary(response))
         finish_request(request)
         defer.returnValue(None)
diff --git a/synapse/server.py b/synapse/server.py
index 8aa572d289..23be3560fa 100644
--- a/synapse/server.py
+++ b/synapse/server.py
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ from synapse.secrets import Secrets
 from synapse.server_notices.server_notices_manager import ServerNoticesManager
 from synapse.server_notices.server_notices_sender import ServerNoticesSender
 from synapse.server_notices.worker_server_notices_sender import (
-    WorkerServerNoticesSender
+    WorkerServerNoticesSender,
 )
 from synapse.state import StateHandler, StateResolutionHandler
 from synapse.streams.events import EventSources
diff --git a/synapse/server_notices/server_notices_sender.py b/synapse/server_notices/server_notices_sender.py
index ceff6c8e02..652bab58e3 100644
--- a/synapse/server_notices/server_notices_sender.py
+++ b/synapse/server_notices/server_notices_sender.py
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ from twisted.internet import defer
 
 from synapse.server_notices.consent_server_notices import ConsentServerNotices
 from synapse.server_notices.resource_limits_server_notices import (
-    ResourceLimitsServerNotices
+    ResourceLimitsServerNotices,
 )
 
 
diff --git a/synapse/storage/events_worker.py b/synapse/storage/events_worker.py
index 280f2297b9..bd3ebddcd8 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/events_worker.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/events_worker.py
@@ -27,8 +27,6 @@ from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes
 from synapse.api.errors import NotFoundError
 from synapse.api.room_versions import EventFormatVersions
 from synapse.events import FrozenEvent, event_type_from_format_version  # noqa: F401
-
-# these are only included to make the type annotations work
 from synapse.events.snapshot import EventContext  # noqa: F401
 from synapse.events.utils import prune_event
 from synapse.logging.context import (
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_register.py b/tests/handlers/test_register.py
index e5a9acd87f..2a60e81cbf 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_register.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_register.py
@@ -246,8 +246,8 @@ class RegistrationTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
         # Multibyte unicode characters
         self._check_mapping(
-            u"j\u030a\u0065an-poppy.seed@example.com",
-            u"J\u030a\u0065an-Poppy Seed [Example]",
+            "j\u030a\u0065an-poppy.seed@example.com",
+            "J\u030a\u0065an-Poppy Seed [Example]",
         )
 
     def _check_mapping(self, i, expected):
diff --git a/tests/server_notices/test_resource_limits_server_notices.py b/tests/server_notices/test_resource_limits_server_notices.py
index e1e0c3184d..984feb623f 100644
--- a/tests/server_notices/test_resource_limits_server_notices.py
+++ b/tests/server_notices/test_resource_limits_server_notices.py
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ from twisted.internet import defer
 from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes, ServerNoticeMsgType
 from synapse.api.errors import ResourceLimitError
 from synapse.server_notices.resource_limits_server_notices import (
-    ResourceLimitsServerNotices
+    ResourceLimitsServerNotices,
 )
 
 from tests import unittest
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_keys.py b/tests/storage/test_keys.py
index cef2112974..95f309fbbc 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_keys.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_keys.py
@@ -128,4 +128,3 @@ class KeyStoreTestCase(tests.unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         res2 = res[("srv1", key_id_2)]
         self.assertEqual(res2.verify_key, new_key_2)
         self.assertEqual(res2.valid_until_ts, 300)
-
diff --git a/tox.ini b/tox.ini
index 5b8a8b3c8e..6b5190e810 100644
--- a/tox.ini
+++ b/tox.ini
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ skip_install = True
 basepython = python3.6
 deps =
     flake8
-    black
+    black==18.6b4
 commands =
     python -m black --check --diff .
     /bin/sh -c "flake8 synapse tests scripts scripts-dev scripts/hash_password scripts/register_new_matrix_user scripts/synapse_port_db synctl {env:PEP8SUFFIX:}"
-- 
cgit 1.5.1


From fe3941f6e33a17fa7cdf209a4370f4e805341db4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Patrick Cloke <clokep@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 18 Feb 2020 07:29:44 -0500
Subject: Stop sending events when creating or deleting aliases (#6904)

Stop sending events when creating or deleting associations (room aliases). Send an updated canonical alias event if one of the alt_aliases is deleted.
---
 changelog.d/6904.removal         |   1 +
 synapse/handlers/directory.py    |  75 ++++++++++---------
 synapse/handlers/room.py         |   6 +-
 tests/handlers/test_directory.py | 154 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 4 files changed, 194 insertions(+), 42 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 changelog.d/6904.removal

(limited to 'tests/handlers')

diff --git a/changelog.d/6904.removal b/changelog.d/6904.removal
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a5cc0c3605
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/6904.removal
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Stop sending alias events during adding / removing aliases. Check alt_aliases in the latest canonical aliases event when deleting an alias.
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/directory.py b/synapse/handlers/directory.py
index 8c5980cb0c..f718388884 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/directory.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/directory.py
@@ -81,13 +81,7 @@ class DirectoryHandler(BaseHandler):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def create_association(
-        self,
-        requester,
-        room_alias,
-        room_id,
-        servers=None,
-        send_event=True,
-        check_membership=True,
+        self, requester, room_alias, room_id, servers=None, check_membership=True,
     ):
         """Attempt to create a new alias
 
@@ -97,7 +91,6 @@ class DirectoryHandler(BaseHandler):
             room_id (str)
             servers (list[str]|None): List of servers that others servers
                 should try and join via
-            send_event (bool): Whether to send an updated m.room.aliases event
             check_membership (bool): Whether to check if the user is in the room
                 before the alias can be set (if the server's config requires it).
 
@@ -150,16 +143,9 @@ class DirectoryHandler(BaseHandler):
                 )
 
         yield self._create_association(room_alias, room_id, servers, creator=user_id)
-        if send_event:
-            try:
-                yield self.send_room_alias_update_event(requester, room_id)
-            except AuthError as e:
-                # sending the aliases event may fail due to the user not having
-                # permission in the room; this is permitted.
-                logger.info("Skipping updating aliases event due to auth error %s", e)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def delete_association(self, requester, room_alias, send_event=True):
+    def delete_association(self, requester, room_alias):
         """Remove an alias from the directory
 
         (this is only meant for human users; AS users should call
@@ -168,9 +154,6 @@ class DirectoryHandler(BaseHandler):
         Args:
             requester (Requester):
             room_alias (RoomAlias):
-            send_event (bool): Whether to send an updated m.room.aliases event.
-                Note that, if we delete the canonical alias, we will always attempt
-                to send an m.room.canonical_alias event
 
         Returns:
             Deferred[unicode]: room id that the alias used to point to
@@ -206,9 +189,6 @@ class DirectoryHandler(BaseHandler):
         room_id = yield self._delete_association(room_alias)
 
         try:
-            if send_event:
-                yield self.send_room_alias_update_event(requester, room_id)
-
             yield self._update_canonical_alias(
                 requester, requester.user.to_string(), room_id, room_alias
             )
@@ -319,25 +299,50 @@ class DirectoryHandler(BaseHandler):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _update_canonical_alias(self, requester, user_id, room_id, room_alias):
+        """
+        Send an updated canonical alias event if the removed alias was set as
+        the canonical alias or listed in the alt_aliases field.
+        """
         alias_event = yield self.state.get_current_state(
             room_id, EventTypes.CanonicalAlias, ""
         )
 
-        alias_str = room_alias.to_string()
-        if not alias_event or alias_event.content.get("alias", "") != alias_str:
+        # There is no canonical alias, nothing to do.
+        if not alias_event:
             return
 
-        yield self.event_creation_handler.create_and_send_nonmember_event(
-            requester,
-            {
-                "type": EventTypes.CanonicalAlias,
-                "state_key": "",
-                "room_id": room_id,
-                "sender": user_id,
-                "content": {},
-            },
-            ratelimit=False,
-        )
+        # Obtain a mutable version of the event content.
+        content = dict(alias_event.content)
+        send_update = False
+
+        # Remove the alias property if it matches the removed alias.
+        alias_str = room_alias.to_string()
+        if alias_event.content.get("alias", "") == alias_str:
+            send_update = True
+            content.pop("alias", "")
+
+        # Filter alt_aliases for the removed alias.
+        alt_aliases = content.pop("alt_aliases", None)
+        # If the aliases are not a list (or not found) do not attempt to modify
+        # the list.
+        if isinstance(alt_aliases, list):
+            send_update = True
+            alt_aliases = [alias for alias in alt_aliases if alias != alias_str]
+            if alt_aliases:
+                content["alt_aliases"] = alt_aliases
+
+        if send_update:
+            yield self.event_creation_handler.create_and_send_nonmember_event(
+                requester,
+                {
+                    "type": EventTypes.CanonicalAlias,
+                    "state_key": "",
+                    "room_id": room_id,
+                    "sender": user_id,
+                    "content": content,
+                },
+                ratelimit=False,
+            )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_association_from_room_alias(self, room_alias):
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/room.py b/synapse/handlers/room.py
index 033083acac..49ec2f48bc 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/room.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/room.py
@@ -478,9 +478,7 @@ class RoomCreationHandler(BaseHandler):
         for alias_str in aliases:
             alias = RoomAlias.from_string(alias_str)
             try:
-                yield directory_handler.delete_association(
-                    requester, alias, send_event=False
-                )
+                yield directory_handler.delete_association(requester, alias)
                 removed_aliases.append(alias_str)
             except SynapseError as e:
                 logger.warning("Unable to remove alias %s from old room: %s", alias, e)
@@ -511,7 +509,6 @@ class RoomCreationHandler(BaseHandler):
                     RoomAlias.from_string(alias),
                     new_room_id,
                     servers=(self.hs.hostname,),
-                    send_event=False,
                     check_membership=False,
                 )
                 logger.info("Moved alias %s to new room", alias)
@@ -664,7 +661,6 @@ class RoomCreationHandler(BaseHandler):
                 room_id=room_id,
                 room_alias=room_alias,
                 servers=[self.hs.hostname],
-                send_event=False,
                 check_membership=False,
             )
 
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_directory.py b/tests/handlers/test_directory.py
index ee88cf5a4b..27b916aed4 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_directory.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_directory.py
@@ -18,9 +18,11 @@ from mock import Mock
 
 from twisted.internet import defer
 
+import synapse.api.errors
+from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes
 from synapse.config.room_directory import RoomDirectoryConfig
-from synapse.rest.client.v1 import directory, room
-from synapse.types import RoomAlias
+from synapse.rest.client.v1 import directory, login, room
+from synapse.types import RoomAlias, create_requester
 
 from tests import unittest
 
@@ -85,6 +87,38 @@ class DirectoryTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
             ignore_backoff=True,
         )
 
+    def test_delete_alias_not_allowed(self):
+        room_id = "!8765qwer:test"
+        self.get_success(
+            self.store.create_room_alias_association(self.my_room, room_id, ["test"])
+        )
+
+        self.get_failure(
+            self.handler.delete_association(
+                create_requester("@user:test"), self.my_room
+            ),
+            synapse.api.errors.AuthError,
+        )
+
+    def test_delete_alias(self):
+        room_id = "!8765qwer:test"
+        user_id = "@user:test"
+        self.get_success(
+            self.store.create_room_alias_association(
+                self.my_room, room_id, ["test"], user_id
+            )
+        )
+
+        result = self.get_success(
+            self.handler.delete_association(create_requester(user_id), self.my_room)
+        )
+        self.assertEquals(room_id, result)
+
+        # The alias should not be found.
+        self.get_failure(
+            self.handler.get_association(self.my_room), synapse.api.errors.SynapseError
+        )
+
     def test_incoming_fed_query(self):
         self.get_success(
             self.store.create_room_alias_association(
@@ -99,6 +133,122 @@ class DirectoryTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         self.assertEquals({"room_id": "!8765asdf:test", "servers": ["test"]}, response)
 
 
+class CanonicalAliasTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
+    """Test modifications of the canonical alias when delete aliases.
+    """
+
+    servlets = [
+        synapse.rest.admin.register_servlets,
+        login.register_servlets,
+        room.register_servlets,
+        directory.register_servlets,
+    ]
+
+    def prepare(self, reactor, clock, hs):
+        self.store = hs.get_datastore()
+        self.handler = hs.get_handlers().directory_handler
+        self.state_handler = hs.get_state_handler()
+
+        # Create user
+        self.admin_user = self.register_user("admin", "pass", admin=True)
+        self.admin_user_tok = self.login("admin", "pass")
+
+        # Create a test room
+        self.room_id = self.helper.create_room_as(
+            self.admin_user, tok=self.admin_user_tok
+        )
+
+        self.test_alias = "#test:test"
+        self.room_alias = RoomAlias.from_string(self.test_alias)
+
+        # Create a new alias to this room.
+        self.get_success(
+            self.store.create_room_alias_association(
+                self.room_alias, self.room_id, ["test"], self.admin_user
+            )
+        )
+
+    def test_remove_alias(self):
+        """Removing an alias that is the canonical alias should remove it there too."""
+        # Set this new alias as the canonical alias for this room
+        self.helper.send_state(
+            self.room_id,
+            "m.room.canonical_alias",
+            {"alias": self.test_alias, "alt_aliases": [self.test_alias]},
+            tok=self.admin_user_tok,
+        )
+
+        data = self.get_success(
+            self.state_handler.get_current_state(
+                self.room_id, EventTypes.CanonicalAlias, ""
+            )
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(data["content"]["alias"], self.test_alias)
+        self.assertEqual(data["content"]["alt_aliases"], [self.test_alias])
+
+        # Finally, delete the alias.
+        self.get_success(
+            self.handler.delete_association(
+                create_requester(self.admin_user), self.room_alias
+            )
+        )
+
+        data = self.get_success(
+            self.state_handler.get_current_state(
+                self.room_id, EventTypes.CanonicalAlias, ""
+            )
+        )
+        self.assertNotIn("alias", data["content"])
+        self.assertNotIn("alt_aliases", data["content"])
+
+    def test_remove_other_alias(self):
+        """Removing an alias listed as in alt_aliases should remove it there too."""
+        # Create a second alias.
+        other_test_alias = "#test2:test"
+        other_room_alias = RoomAlias.from_string(other_test_alias)
+        self.get_success(
+            self.store.create_room_alias_association(
+                other_room_alias, self.room_id, ["test"], self.admin_user
+            )
+        )
+
+        # Set the alias as the canonical alias for this room.
+        self.helper.send_state(
+            self.room_id,
+            "m.room.canonical_alias",
+            {
+                "alias": self.test_alias,
+                "alt_aliases": [self.test_alias, other_test_alias],
+            },
+            tok=self.admin_user_tok,
+        )
+
+        data = self.get_success(
+            self.state_handler.get_current_state(
+                self.room_id, EventTypes.CanonicalAlias, ""
+            )
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(data["content"]["alias"], self.test_alias)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            data["content"]["alt_aliases"], [self.test_alias, other_test_alias]
+        )
+
+        # Delete the second alias.
+        self.get_success(
+            self.handler.delete_association(
+                create_requester(self.admin_user), other_room_alias
+            )
+        )
+
+        data = self.get_success(
+            self.state_handler.get_current_state(
+                self.room_id, EventTypes.CanonicalAlias, ""
+            )
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(data["content"]["alias"], self.test_alias)
+        self.assertEqual(data["content"]["alt_aliases"], [self.test_alias])
+
+
 class TestCreateAliasACL(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
     user_id = "@test:test"
 
-- 
cgit 1.5.1


From b58d17e44f9d9ff7e70578e0f4e328bb9113ec7e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Richard van der Hoff <richard@matrix.org>
Date: Tue, 18 Feb 2020 23:13:29 +0000
Subject: Refactor the membership check methods in Auth

these were getting a bit unwieldy, so let's combine `check_joined_room` and
`check_user_was_in_room` into a single `check_user_in_room`.
---
 synapse/api/auth.py              | 80 +++++++++++++++++++---------------------
 synapse/handlers/initial_sync.py | 31 +++-------------
 synapse/handlers/typing.py       |  4 +-
 tests/handlers/test_typing.py    |  4 +-
 4 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 73 deletions(-)

(limited to 'tests/handlers')

diff --git a/synapse/api/auth.py b/synapse/api/auth.py
index 8b1277ad02..de7b75ca36 100644
--- a/synapse/api/auth.py
+++ b/synapse/api/auth.py
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 
 import logging
+from typing import Optional
 
 from six import itervalues
 
@@ -35,6 +36,7 @@ from synapse.api.errors import (
 )
 from synapse.api.room_versions import KNOWN_ROOM_VERSIONS
 from synapse.config.server import is_threepid_reserved
+from synapse.events import EventBase
 from synapse.types import StateMap, UserID
 from synapse.util.caches import CACHE_SIZE_FACTOR, register_cache
 from synapse.util.caches.lrucache import LruCache
@@ -92,20 +94,34 @@ class Auth(object):
         )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def check_joined_room(self, room_id, user_id, current_state=None):
-        """Check if the user is currently joined in the room
+    def check_user_in_room(
+        self,
+        room_id: str,
+        user_id: str,
+        current_state: Optional[StateMap[EventBase]] = None,
+        allow_departed_users: bool = False,
+    ):
+        """Check if the user is in the room, or was at some point.
         Args:
-            room_id(str): The room to check.
-            user_id(str): The user to check.
-            current_state(dict): Optional map of the current state of the room.
+            room_id: The room to check.
+
+            user_id: The user to check.
+
+            current_state: Optional map of the current state of the room.
                 If provided then that map is used to check whether they are a
                 member of the room. Otherwise the current membership is
                 loaded from the database.
+
+            allow_departed_users: if True, accept users that were previously
+                members but have now departed.
+
         Raises:
-            AuthError if the user is not in the room.
+            AuthError if the user is/was not in the room.
         Returns:
-            A deferred membership event for the user if the user is in
-            the room.
+            Deferred[Optional[EventBase]]:
+                Membership event for the user if the user was in the
+                room. This will be the join event if they are currently joined to
+                the room. This will be the leave event if they have left the room.
         """
         if current_state:
             member = current_state.get((EventTypes.Member, user_id), None)
@@ -113,37 +129,19 @@ class Auth(object):
             member = yield self.state.get_current_state(
                 room_id=room_id, event_type=EventTypes.Member, state_key=user_id
             )
-
-        self._check_joined_room(member, user_id, room_id)
-        return member
-
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def check_user_was_in_room(self, room_id, user_id):
-        """Check if the user was in the room at some point.
-        Args:
-            room_id(str): The room to check.
-            user_id(str): The user to check.
-        Raises:
-            AuthError if the user was never in the room.
-        Returns:
-            A deferred membership event for the user if the user was in the
-            room. This will be the join event if they are currently joined to
-            the room. This will be the leave event if they have left the room.
-        """
-        member = yield self.state.get_current_state(
-            room_id=room_id, event_type=EventTypes.Member, state_key=user_id
-        )
         membership = member.membership if member else None
 
-        if membership not in (Membership.JOIN, Membership.LEAVE):
-            raise AuthError(403, "User %s not in room %s" % (user_id, room_id))
+        if membership == Membership.JOIN:
+            return member
 
-        if membership == Membership.LEAVE:
+        # XXX this looks totally bogus. Why do we not allow users who have been banned,
+        # or those who were members previously and have been re-invited?
+        if allow_departed_users and membership == Membership.LEAVE:
             forgot = yield self.store.did_forget(user_id, room_id)
-            if forgot:
-                raise AuthError(403, "User %s not in room %s" % (user_id, room_id))
+            if not forgot:
+                return member
 
-        return member
+        raise AuthError(403, "User %s not in room %s" % (user_id, room_id))
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def check_host_in_room(self, room_id, host):
@@ -151,12 +149,6 @@ class Auth(object):
             latest_event_ids = yield self.store.is_host_joined(room_id, host)
             return latest_event_ids
 
-    def _check_joined_room(self, member, user_id, room_id):
-        if not member or member.membership != Membership.JOIN:
-            raise AuthError(
-                403, "User %s not in room %s (%s)" % (user_id, room_id, repr(member))
-            )
-
     def can_federate(self, event, auth_events):
         creation_event = auth_events.get((EventTypes.Create, ""))
 
@@ -560,7 +552,7 @@ class Auth(object):
             return True
 
         user_id = user.to_string()
-        yield self.check_joined_room(room_id, user_id)
+        yield self.check_user_in_room(room_id, user_id)
 
         # We currently require the user is a "moderator" in the room. We do this
         # by checking if they would (theoretically) be able to change the
@@ -645,12 +637,14 @@ class Auth(object):
         """
 
         try:
-            # check_user_was_in_room will return the most recent membership
+            # check_user_in_room will return the most recent membership
             # event for the user if:
             #  * The user is a non-guest user, and was ever in the room
             #  * The user is a guest user, and has joined the room
             # else it will throw.
-            member_event = yield self.check_user_was_in_room(room_id, user_id)
+            member_event = yield self.check_user_in_room(
+                room_id, user_id, allow_departed_users=True
+            )
             return member_event.membership, member_event.event_id
         except AuthError:
             visibility = yield self.state.get_current_state(
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/initial_sync.py b/synapse/handlers/initial_sync.py
index 2e6755f19c..b7c6a921d9 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/initial_sync.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/initial_sync.py
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ import logging
 from twisted.internet import defer
 
 from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes, Membership
-from synapse.api.errors import AuthError, Codes, SynapseError
+from synapse.api.errors import SynapseError
 from synapse.events.validator import EventValidator
 from synapse.handlers.presence import format_user_presence_state
 from synapse.logging.context import make_deferred_yieldable, run_in_background
@@ -274,9 +274,10 @@ class InitialSyncHandler(BaseHandler):
 
         user_id = requester.user.to_string()
 
-        membership, member_event_id = await self._check_in_room_or_world_readable(
-            room_id, user_id
-        )
+        (
+            membership,
+            member_event_id,
+        ) = await self.auth.check_user_in_room_or_world_readable(room_id, user_id)
         is_peeking = member_event_id is None
 
         if membership == Membership.JOIN:
@@ -433,25 +434,3 @@ class InitialSyncHandler(BaseHandler):
             ret["membership"] = membership
 
         return ret
-
-    async def _check_in_room_or_world_readable(self, room_id, user_id):
-        try:
-            # check_user_was_in_room will return the most recent membership
-            # event for the user if:
-            #  * The user is a non-guest user, and was ever in the room
-            #  * The user is a guest user, and has joined the room
-            # else it will throw.
-            member_event = await self.auth.check_user_was_in_room(room_id, user_id)
-            return member_event.membership, member_event.event_id
-        except AuthError:
-            visibility = await self.state_handler.get_current_state(
-                room_id, EventTypes.RoomHistoryVisibility, ""
-            )
-            if (
-                visibility
-                and visibility.content["history_visibility"] == "world_readable"
-            ):
-                return Membership.JOIN, None
-            raise AuthError(
-                403, "Guest access not allowed", errcode=Codes.GUEST_ACCESS_FORBIDDEN
-            )
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/typing.py b/synapse/handlers/typing.py
index d5ca9cb07b..5406618431 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/typing.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/typing.py
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ class TypingHandler(object):
         if target_user_id != auth_user_id:
             raise AuthError(400, "Cannot set another user's typing state")
 
-        yield self.auth.check_joined_room(room_id, target_user_id)
+        yield self.auth.check_user_in_room(room_id, target_user_id)
 
         logger.debug("%s has started typing in %s", target_user_id, room_id)
 
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ class TypingHandler(object):
         if target_user_id != auth_user_id:
             raise AuthError(400, "Cannot set another user's typing state")
 
-        yield self.auth.check_joined_room(room_id, target_user_id)
+        yield self.auth.check_user_in_room(room_id, target_user_id)
 
         logger.debug("%s has stopped typing in %s", target_user_id, room_id)
 
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_typing.py b/tests/handlers/test_typing.py
index 2767b0497a..140cc0a3c2 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_typing.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_typing.py
@@ -122,11 +122,11 @@ class TypingNotificationsTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
         self.room_members = []
 
-        def check_joined_room(room_id, user_id):
+        def check_user_in_room(room_id, user_id):
             if user_id not in [u.to_string() for u in self.room_members]:
                 raise AuthError(401, "User is not in the room")
 
-        hs.get_auth().check_joined_room = check_joined_room
+        hs.get_auth().check_user_in_room = check_user_in_room
 
         def get_joined_hosts_for_room(room_id):
             return set(member.domain for member in self.room_members)
-- 
cgit 1.5.1


From 509e381afa8c656e72f5fef3d651a9819794174a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Patrick Cloke <clokep@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 21 Feb 2020 07:15:07 -0500
Subject: Clarify list/set/dict/tuple comprehensions and enforce via flake8
 (#6957)

Ensure good comprehension hygiene using flake8-comprehensions.
---
 CONTRIBUTING.md                                    |  2 +-
 changelog.d/6957.misc                              |  1 +
 docs/code_style.md                                 |  2 +-
 scripts-dev/convert_server_keys.py                 |  2 +-
 synapse/app/_base.py                               |  2 +-
 synapse/app/federation_sender.py                   |  4 +--
 synapse/app/pusher.py                              |  2 +-
 synapse/config/server.py                           |  4 +--
 synapse/config/tls.py                              |  2 +-
 synapse/crypto/keyring.py                          |  6 ++--
 synapse/federation/send_queue.py                   |  4 +--
 synapse/groups/groups_server.py                    |  2 +-
 synapse/handlers/device.py                         |  2 +-
 synapse/handlers/directory.py                      |  4 +--
 synapse/handlers/federation.py                     | 18 +++++-----
 synapse/handlers/presence.py                       |  6 ++--
 synapse/handlers/receipts.py                       |  2 +-
 synapse/handlers/room.py                           |  2 +-
 synapse/handlers/search.py                         |  8 ++---
 synapse/handlers/sync.py                           | 22 ++++++------
 synapse/handlers/typing.py                         |  4 +--
 synapse/logging/utils.py                           |  2 +-
 synapse/metrics/__init__.py                        |  2 +-
 synapse/metrics/background_process_metrics.py      |  4 +--
 synapse/push/bulk_push_rule_evaluator.py           |  8 ++---
 synapse/push/emailpusher.py                        |  2 +-
 synapse/push/mailer.py                             | 20 +++++------
 synapse/push/pusherpool.py                         |  2 +-
 synapse/rest/admin/_base.py                        |  4 +--
 synapse/rest/client/v1/push_rule.py                |  6 ++--
 synapse/rest/client/v1/pusher.py                   |  4 +--
 synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/sync.py               |  2 +-
 synapse/rest/key/v2/remote_key_resource.py         |  2 +-
 synapse/rest/media/v1/_base.py                     | 40 ++++++++++------------
 synapse/state/v1.py                                | 10 +++---
 synapse/state/v2.py                                |  8 ++---
 synapse/storage/_base.py                           |  2 +-
 synapse/storage/background_updates.py              |  2 +-
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/appservice.py     | 14 ++++----
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/client_ips.py     |  4 +--
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/devices.py        | 13 ++++---
 .../storage/data_stores/main/event_federation.py   |  2 +-
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/events.py         |  8 ++---
 .../storage/data_stores/main/events_bg_updates.py  |  2 +-
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/events_worker.py  |  6 ++--
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/push_rule.py      |  8 ++---
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/receipts.py       |  4 +--
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/roommember.py     |  4 +--
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/state.py          |  8 ++---
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/stream.py         |  8 ++---
 .../storage/data_stores/main/user_erasure_store.py |  4 +--
 synapse/storage/data_stores/state/store.py         |  4 +--
 synapse/storage/database.py                        |  4 +--
 synapse/storage/persist_events.py                  |  8 ++---
 synapse/storage/prepare_database.py                |  6 ++--
 synapse/util/frozenutils.py                        |  2 +-
 synapse/visibility.py                              |  4 +--
 tests/config/test_generate.py                      |  2 +-
 tests/federation/test_federation_server.py         |  2 +-
 tests/handlers/test_presence.py                    |  4 +--
 tests/handlers/test_typing.py                      |  6 ++--
 tests/handlers/test_user_directory.py              | 12 +++----
 tests/push/test_email.py                           |  6 ++--
 tests/push/test_http.py                            |  8 ++---
 tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_sync.py            | 28 ++++++++-------
 tests/storage/test__base.py                        |  4 +--
 tests/storage/test_appservice.py                   | 36 +++++++++----------
 tests/storage/test_cleanup_extrems.py              | 10 +++---
 tests/storage/test_event_metrics.py                | 36 +++++++++----------
 tests/storage/test_state.py                        |  2 +-
 tests/test_state.py                                | 18 +++-------
 tests/util/test_stream_change_cache.py             | 18 +++-------
 tox.ini                                            |  1 +
 73 files changed, 251 insertions(+), 276 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 changelog.d/6957.misc

(limited to 'tests/handlers')

diff --git a/CONTRIBUTING.md b/CONTRIBUTING.md
index 4b01b6ac8c..253a0ca648 100644
--- a/CONTRIBUTING.md
+++ b/CONTRIBUTING.md
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ python 3.6 and to install each tool:
 
 ```
 # Install the dependencies
-pip install -U black flake8 isort
+pip install -U black flake8 flake8-comprehensions isort
 
 # Run the linter script
 ./scripts-dev/lint.sh
diff --git a/changelog.d/6957.misc b/changelog.d/6957.misc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4f98030110
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/6957.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Use flake8-comprehensions to enforce good hygiene of list/set/dict comprehensions.
diff --git a/docs/code_style.md b/docs/code_style.md
index 71aecd41f7..6ef6f80290 100644
--- a/docs/code_style.md
+++ b/docs/code_style.md
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ The necessary tools are detailed below.
 
     Install `flake8` with:
 
-        pip install --upgrade flake8
+        pip install --upgrade flake8 flake8-comprehensions
 
     Check all application and test code with:
 
diff --git a/scripts-dev/convert_server_keys.py b/scripts-dev/convert_server_keys.py
index 179be61c30..06b4c1e2ff 100644
--- a/scripts-dev/convert_server_keys.py
+++ b/scripts-dev/convert_server_keys.py
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ def main():
 
     yaml.safe_dump(result, sys.stdout, default_flow_style=False)
 
-    rows = list(row for server, json in result.items() for row in rows_v2(server, json))
+    rows = [row for server, json in result.items() for row in rows_v2(server, json)]
 
     cursor = connection.cursor()
     cursor.executemany(
diff --git a/synapse/app/_base.py b/synapse/app/_base.py
index 109b1e2fb5..9ffd23c6df 100644
--- a/synapse/app/_base.py
+++ b/synapse/app/_base.py
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ def start_reactor(
 
 def quit_with_error(error_string):
     message_lines = error_string.split("\n")
-    line_length = max([len(l) for l in message_lines if len(l) < 80]) + 2
+    line_length = max(len(l) for l in message_lines if len(l) < 80) + 2
     sys.stderr.write("*" * line_length + "\n")
     for line in message_lines:
         sys.stderr.write(" %s\n" % (line.rstrip(),))
diff --git a/synapse/app/federation_sender.py b/synapse/app/federation_sender.py
index 63a91f1177..b7fcf80ddc 100644
--- a/synapse/app/federation_sender.py
+++ b/synapse/app/federation_sender.py
@@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ class FederationSenderHandler(object):
 
         # ... as well as device updates and messages
         elif stream_name == DeviceListsStream.NAME:
-            hosts = set(row.destination for row in rows)
+            hosts = {row.destination for row in rows}
             for host in hosts:
                 self.federation_sender.send_device_messages(host)
 
@@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ class FederationSenderHandler(object):
             # The to_device stream includes stuff to be pushed to both local
             # clients and remote servers, so we ignore entities that start with
             # '@' (since they'll be local users rather than destinations).
-            hosts = set(row.entity for row in rows if not row.entity.startswith("@"))
+            hosts = {row.entity for row in rows if not row.entity.startswith("@")}
             for host in hosts:
                 self.federation_sender.send_device_messages(host)
 
diff --git a/synapse/app/pusher.py b/synapse/app/pusher.py
index e46b6ac598..84e9f8d5e2 100644
--- a/synapse/app/pusher.py
+++ b/synapse/app/pusher.py
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ class PusherReplicationHandler(ReplicationClientHandler):
                 yield self.pusher_pool.on_new_notifications(token, token)
             elif stream_name == "receipts":
                 yield self.pusher_pool.on_new_receipts(
-                    token, token, set(row.room_id for row in rows)
+                    token, token, {row.room_id for row in rows}
                 )
         except Exception:
             logger.exception("Error poking pushers")
diff --git a/synapse/config/server.py b/synapse/config/server.py
index 0ec1b0fadd..7525765fee 100644
--- a/synapse/config/server.py
+++ b/synapse/config/server.py
@@ -1066,12 +1066,12 @@ KNOWN_RESOURCES = (
 
 
 def _check_resource_config(listeners):
-    resource_names = set(
+    resource_names = {
         res_name
         for listener in listeners
         for res in listener.get("resources", [])
         for res_name in res.get("names", [])
-    )
+    }
 
     for resource in resource_names:
         if resource not in KNOWN_RESOURCES:
diff --git a/synapse/config/tls.py b/synapse/config/tls.py
index 97a12d51f6..a65538562b 100644
--- a/synapse/config/tls.py
+++ b/synapse/config/tls.py
@@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ class TlsConfig(Config):
                 crypto.FILETYPE_ASN1, self.tls_certificate
             )
             sha256_fingerprint = encode_base64(sha256(x509_certificate_bytes).digest())
-            sha256_fingerprints = set(f["sha256"] for f in self.tls_fingerprints)
+            sha256_fingerprints = {f["sha256"] for f in self.tls_fingerprints}
             if sha256_fingerprint not in sha256_fingerprints:
                 self.tls_fingerprints.append({"sha256": sha256_fingerprint})
 
diff --git a/synapse/crypto/keyring.py b/synapse/crypto/keyring.py
index 6fe5a6a26a..983f0ead8c 100644
--- a/synapse/crypto/keyring.py
+++ b/synapse/crypto/keyring.py
@@ -326,9 +326,7 @@ class Keyring(object):
             verify_requests (list[VerifyJsonRequest]): list of verify requests
         """
 
-        remaining_requests = set(
-            (rq for rq in verify_requests if not rq.key_ready.called)
-        )
+        remaining_requests = {rq for rq in verify_requests if not rq.key_ready.called}
 
         @defer.inlineCallbacks
         def do_iterations():
@@ -396,7 +394,7 @@ class Keyring(object):
 
         results = yield fetcher.get_keys(missing_keys)
 
-        completed = list()
+        completed = []
         for verify_request in remaining_requests:
             server_name = verify_request.server_name
 
diff --git a/synapse/federation/send_queue.py b/synapse/federation/send_queue.py
index 001bb304ae..876fb0e245 100644
--- a/synapse/federation/send_queue.py
+++ b/synapse/federation/send_queue.py
@@ -129,9 +129,9 @@ class FederationRemoteSendQueue(object):
             for key in keys[:i]:
                 del self.presence_changed[key]
 
-            user_ids = set(
+            user_ids = {
                 user_id for uids in self.presence_changed.values() for user_id in uids
-            )
+            }
 
             keys = self.presence_destinations.keys()
             i = self.presence_destinations.bisect_left(position_to_delete)
diff --git a/synapse/groups/groups_server.py b/synapse/groups/groups_server.py
index c106abae21..4f0dc0a209 100644
--- a/synapse/groups/groups_server.py
+++ b/synapse/groups/groups_server.py
@@ -608,7 +608,7 @@ class GroupsServerHandler(GroupsServerWorkerHandler):
         user_results = yield self.store.get_users_in_group(
             group_id, include_private=True
         )
-        if user_id in [user_result["user_id"] for user_result in user_results]:
+        if user_id in (user_result["user_id"] for user_result in user_results):
             raise SynapseError(400, "User already in group")
 
         content = {
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/device.py b/synapse/handlers/device.py
index 50cea3f378..a514c30714 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/device.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/device.py
@@ -742,6 +742,6 @@ class DeviceListUpdater(object):
 
         # We clobber the seen updates since we've re-synced from a given
         # point.
-        self._seen_updates[user_id] = set([stream_id])
+        self._seen_updates[user_id] = {stream_id}
 
         defer.returnValue(result)
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/directory.py b/synapse/handlers/directory.py
index 921d887b24..0b23ca919a 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/directory.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/directory.py
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ class DirectoryHandler(BaseHandler):
         # TODO(erikj): Check if there is a current association.
         if not servers:
             users = yield self.state.get_current_users_in_room(room_id)
-            servers = set(get_domain_from_id(u) for u in users)
+            servers = {get_domain_from_id(u) for u in users}
 
         if not servers:
             raise SynapseError(400, "Failed to get server list")
@@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ class DirectoryHandler(BaseHandler):
             )
 
         users = yield self.state.get_current_users_in_room(room_id)
-        extra_servers = set(get_domain_from_id(u) for u in users)
+        extra_servers = {get_domain_from_id(u) for u in users}
         servers = set(extra_servers) | set(servers)
 
         # If this server is in the list of servers, return it first.
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/federation.py b/synapse/handlers/federation.py
index eb20ef4aec..a689065f89 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/federation.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/federation.py
@@ -659,11 +659,11 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
         # this can happen if a remote server claims that the state or
         # auth_events at an event in room A are actually events in room B
 
-        bad_events = list(
+        bad_events = [
             (event_id, event.room_id)
             for event_id, event in fetched_events.items()
             if event.room_id != room_id
-        )
+        ]
 
         for bad_event_id, bad_room_id in bad_events:
             # This is a bogus situation, but since we may only discover it a long time
@@ -856,7 +856,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
 
         # Don't bother processing events we already have.
         seen_events = await self.store.have_events_in_timeline(
-            set(e.event_id for e in events)
+            {e.event_id for e in events}
         )
 
         events = [e for e in events if e.event_id not in seen_events]
@@ -866,7 +866,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
 
         event_map = {e.event_id: e for e in events}
 
-        event_ids = set(e.event_id for e in events)
+        event_ids = {e.event_id for e in events}
 
         # build a list of events whose prev_events weren't in the batch.
         # (XXX: this will include events whose prev_events we already have; that doesn't
@@ -892,13 +892,13 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
             state_events.update({s.event_id: s for s in state})
             events_to_state[e_id] = state
 
-        required_auth = set(
+        required_auth = {
             a_id
             for event in events
             + list(state_events.values())
             + list(auth_events.values())
             for a_id in event.auth_event_ids()
-        )
+        }
         auth_events.update(
             {e_id: event_map[e_id] for e_id in required_auth if e_id in event_map}
         )
@@ -1247,7 +1247,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
     async def on_event_auth(self, event_id: str) -> List[EventBase]:
         event = await self.store.get_event(event_id)
         auth = await self.store.get_auth_chain(
-            [auth_id for auth_id in event.auth_event_ids()], include_given=True
+            list(event.auth_event_ids()), include_given=True
         )
         return list(auth)
 
@@ -2152,7 +2152,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
 
         # Now get the current auth_chain for the event.
         local_auth_chain = await self.store.get_auth_chain(
-            [auth_id for auth_id in event.auth_event_ids()], include_given=True
+            list(event.auth_event_ids()), include_given=True
         )
 
         # TODO: Check if we would now reject event_id. If so we need to tell
@@ -2654,7 +2654,7 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
             member_handler = self.hs.get_room_member_handler()
             yield member_handler.send_membership_event(None, event, context)
         else:
-            destinations = set(x.split(":", 1)[-1] for x in (sender_user_id, room_id))
+            destinations = {x.split(":", 1)[-1] for x in (sender_user_id, room_id)}
             yield self.federation_client.forward_third_party_invite(
                 destinations, room_id, event_dict
             )
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/presence.py b/synapse/handlers/presence.py
index 202aa9294f..0d6cf2b008 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/presence.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/presence.py
@@ -313,7 +313,7 @@ class PresenceHandler(object):
                 notified_presence_counter.inc(len(to_notify))
                 yield self._persist_and_notify(list(to_notify.values()))
 
-            self.unpersisted_users_changes |= set(s.user_id for s in new_states)
+            self.unpersisted_users_changes |= {s.user_id for s in new_states}
             self.unpersisted_users_changes -= set(to_notify.keys())
 
             to_federation_ping = {
@@ -698,7 +698,7 @@ class PresenceHandler(object):
         updates = yield self.current_state_for_users(target_user_ids)
         updates = list(updates.values())
 
-        for user_id in set(target_user_ids) - set(u.user_id for u in updates):
+        for user_id in set(target_user_ids) - {u.user_id for u in updates}:
             updates.append(UserPresenceState.default(user_id))
 
         now = self.clock.time_msec()
@@ -886,7 +886,7 @@ class PresenceHandler(object):
             hosts = yield self.state.get_current_hosts_in_room(room_id)
 
             # Filter out ourselves.
-            hosts = set(host for host in hosts if host != self.server_name)
+            hosts = {host for host in hosts if host != self.server_name}
 
             self.federation.send_presence_to_destinations(
                 states=[state], destinations=hosts
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/receipts.py b/synapse/handlers/receipts.py
index 9283c039e3..8bc100db42 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/receipts.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/receipts.py
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ class ReceiptsHandler(BaseHandler):
             # no new receipts
             return False
 
-        affected_room_ids = list(set([r.room_id for r in receipts]))
+        affected_room_ids = list({r.room_id for r in receipts})
 
         self.notifier.on_new_event("receipt_key", max_batch_id, rooms=affected_room_ids)
         # Note that the min here shouldn't be relied upon to be accurate.
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/room.py b/synapse/handlers/room.py
index 76e8f61b74..8ee870f0bb 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/room.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/room.py
@@ -355,7 +355,7 @@ class RoomCreationHandler(BaseHandler):
             # If so, mark the new room as non-federatable as well
             creation_content["m.federate"] = False
 
-        initial_state = dict()
+        initial_state = {}
 
         # Replicate relevant room events
         types_to_copy = (
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/search.py b/synapse/handlers/search.py
index 110097eab9..ec1542d416 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/search.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/search.py
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ class SearchHandler(BaseHandler):
             membership_list=[Membership.JOIN],
             # membership_list=[Membership.JOIN, Membership.LEAVE, Membership.Ban],
         )
-        room_ids = set(r.room_id for r in rooms)
+        room_ids = {r.room_id for r in rooms}
 
         # If doing a subset of all rooms seearch, check if any of the rooms
         # are from an upgraded room, and search their contents as well
@@ -374,12 +374,12 @@ class SearchHandler(BaseHandler):
                 ).to_string()
 
                 if include_profile:
-                    senders = set(
+                    senders = {
                         ev.sender
                         for ev in itertools.chain(
                             res["events_before"], [event], res["events_after"]
                         )
-                    )
+                    }
 
                     if res["events_after"]:
                         last_event_id = res["events_after"][-1].event_id
@@ -421,7 +421,7 @@ class SearchHandler(BaseHandler):
 
         state_results = {}
         if include_state:
-            rooms = set(e.room_id for e in allowed_events)
+            rooms = {e.room_id for e in allowed_events}
             for room_id in rooms:
                 state = yield self.state_handler.get_current_state(room_id)
                 state_results[room_id] = list(state.values())
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/sync.py b/synapse/handlers/sync.py
index 4324bc702e..669dbc8a48 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/sync.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/sync.py
@@ -682,11 +682,9 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
 
         # FIXME: order by stream ordering rather than as returned by SQL
         if joined_user_ids or invited_user_ids:
-            summary["m.heroes"] = sorted(
-                [user_id for user_id in (joined_user_ids + invited_user_ids)]
-            )[0:5]
+            summary["m.heroes"] = sorted(joined_user_ids + invited_user_ids)[0:5]
         else:
-            summary["m.heroes"] = sorted([user_id for user_id in gone_user_ids])[0:5]
+            summary["m.heroes"] = sorted(gone_user_ids)[0:5]
 
         if not sync_config.filter_collection.lazy_load_members():
             return summary
@@ -697,9 +695,9 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
 
         # track which members the client should already know about via LL:
         # Ones which are already in state...
-        existing_members = set(
+        existing_members = {
             user_id for (typ, user_id) in state.keys() if typ == EventTypes.Member
-        )
+        }
 
         # ...or ones which are in the timeline...
         for ev in batch.events:
@@ -773,10 +771,10 @@ class SyncHandler(object):
                 # We only request state for the members needed to display the
                 # timeline:
 
-                members_to_fetch = set(
+                members_to_fetch = {
                     event.sender  # FIXME: we also care about invite targets etc.
                     for event in batch.events
-                )
+                }
 
                 if full_state:
                     # always make sure we LL ourselves so we know we're in the room
@@ -1993,10 +1991,10 @@ def _calculate_state(
         )
     }
 
-    c_ids = set(e for e in itervalues(current))
-    ts_ids = set(e for e in itervalues(timeline_start))
-    p_ids = set(e for e in itervalues(previous))
-    tc_ids = set(e for e in itervalues(timeline_contains))
+    c_ids = set(itervalues(current))
+    ts_ids = set(itervalues(timeline_start))
+    p_ids = set(itervalues(previous))
+    tc_ids = set(itervalues(timeline_contains))
 
     # If we are lazyloading room members, we explicitly add the membership events
     # for the senders in the timeline into the state block returned by /sync,
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/typing.py b/synapse/handlers/typing.py
index 5406618431..391bceb0c4 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/typing.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/typing.py
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ class TypingHandler(object):
                 now=now, obj=member, then=now + FEDERATION_PING_INTERVAL
             )
 
-            for domain in set(get_domain_from_id(u) for u in users):
+            for domain in {get_domain_from_id(u) for u in users}:
                 if domain != self.server_name:
                     logger.debug("sending typing update to %s", domain)
                     self.federation.build_and_send_edu(
@@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ class TypingHandler(object):
             return
 
         users = yield self.state.get_current_users_in_room(room_id)
-        domains = set(get_domain_from_id(u) for u in users)
+        domains = {get_domain_from_id(u) for u in users}
 
         if self.server_name in domains:
             logger.info("Got typing update from %s: %r", user_id, content)
diff --git a/synapse/logging/utils.py b/synapse/logging/utils.py
index 6073fc2725..0c2527bd86 100644
--- a/synapse/logging/utils.py
+++ b/synapse/logging/utils.py
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ def trace_function(f):
             pathname=pathname,
             lineno=lineno,
             msg=msg,
-            args=tuple(),
+            args=(),
             exc_info=None,
         )
 
diff --git a/synapse/metrics/__init__.py b/synapse/metrics/__init__.py
index 0b45e1f52a..0dba997a23 100644
--- a/synapse/metrics/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/metrics/__init__.py
@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ class BucketCollector(object):
         res.append(["+Inf", sum(data.values())])
 
         metric = HistogramMetricFamily(
-            self.name, "", buckets=res, sum_value=sum([x * y for x, y in data.items()])
+            self.name, "", buckets=res, sum_value=sum(x * y for x, y in data.items())
         )
         yield metric
 
diff --git a/synapse/metrics/background_process_metrics.py b/synapse/metrics/background_process_metrics.py
index c53d2a0d40..b65bcd8806 100644
--- a/synapse/metrics/background_process_metrics.py
+++ b/synapse/metrics/background_process_metrics.py
@@ -80,13 +80,13 @@ _background_process_db_sched_duration = Counter(
 # map from description to a counter, so that we can name our logcontexts
 # incrementally. (It actually duplicates _background_process_start_count, but
 # it's much simpler to do so than to try to combine them.)
-_background_process_counts = dict()  # type: dict[str, int]
+_background_process_counts = {}  # type: dict[str, int]
 
 # map from description to the currently running background processes.
 #
 # it's kept as a dict of sets rather than a big set so that we can keep track
 # of process descriptions that no longer have any active processes.
-_background_processes = dict()  # type: dict[str, set[_BackgroundProcess]]
+_background_processes = {}  # type: dict[str, set[_BackgroundProcess]]
 
 # A lock that covers the above dicts
 _bg_metrics_lock = threading.Lock()
diff --git a/synapse/push/bulk_push_rule_evaluator.py b/synapse/push/bulk_push_rule_evaluator.py
index 7d9f5a38d9..433ca2f416 100644
--- a/synapse/push/bulk_push_rule_evaluator.py
+++ b/synapse/push/bulk_push_rule_evaluator.py
@@ -400,11 +400,11 @@ class RulesForRoom(object):
         if logger.isEnabledFor(logging.DEBUG):
             logger.debug("Found members %r: %r", self.room_id, members.values())
 
-        interested_in_user_ids = set(
+        interested_in_user_ids = {
             user_id
             for user_id, membership in itervalues(members)
             if membership == Membership.JOIN
-        )
+        }
 
         logger.debug("Joined: %r", interested_in_user_ids)
 
@@ -412,9 +412,9 @@ class RulesForRoom(object):
             interested_in_user_ids, on_invalidate=self.invalidate_all_cb
         )
 
-        user_ids = set(
+        user_ids = {
             uid for uid, have_pusher in iteritems(if_users_with_pushers) if have_pusher
-        )
+        }
 
         logger.debug("With pushers: %r", user_ids)
 
diff --git a/synapse/push/emailpusher.py b/synapse/push/emailpusher.py
index 8c818a86bf..ba4551d619 100644
--- a/synapse/push/emailpusher.py
+++ b/synapse/push/emailpusher.py
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ class EmailPusher(object):
                 yield self.send_notification(unprocessed, reason)
 
                 yield self.save_last_stream_ordering_and_success(
-                    max([ea["stream_ordering"] for ea in unprocessed])
+                    max(ea["stream_ordering"] for ea in unprocessed)
                 )
 
                 # we update the throttle on all the possible unprocessed push actions
diff --git a/synapse/push/mailer.py b/synapse/push/mailer.py
index b13b646bfd..4ccaf178ce 100644
--- a/synapse/push/mailer.py
+++ b/synapse/push/mailer.py
@@ -526,12 +526,10 @@ class Mailer(object):
                     # If the room doesn't have a name, say who the messages
                     # are from explicitly to avoid, "messages in the Bob room"
                     sender_ids = list(
-                        set(
-                            [
-                                notif_events[n["event_id"]].sender
-                                for n in notifs_by_room[room_id]
-                            ]
-                        )
+                        {
+                            notif_events[n["event_id"]].sender
+                            for n in notifs_by_room[room_id]
+                        }
                     )
 
                     member_events = yield self.store.get_events(
@@ -558,12 +556,10 @@ class Mailer(object):
                 # If the reason room doesn't have a name, say who the messages
                 # are from explicitly to avoid, "messages in the Bob room"
                 sender_ids = list(
-                    set(
-                        [
-                            notif_events[n["event_id"]].sender
-                            for n in notifs_by_room[reason["room_id"]]
-                        ]
-                    )
+                    {
+                        notif_events[n["event_id"]].sender
+                        for n in notifs_by_room[reason["room_id"]]
+                    }
                 )
 
                 member_events = yield self.store.get_events(
diff --git a/synapse/push/pusherpool.py b/synapse/push/pusherpool.py
index b9dca5bc63..01789a9fb4 100644
--- a/synapse/push/pusherpool.py
+++ b/synapse/push/pusherpool.py
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ class PusherPool:
                 min_stream_id - 1, max_stream_id
             )
             # This returns a tuple, user_id is at index 3
-            users_affected = set([r[3] for r in updated_receipts])
+            users_affected = {r[3] for r in updated_receipts}
 
             for u in users_affected:
                 if u in self.pushers:
diff --git a/synapse/rest/admin/_base.py b/synapse/rest/admin/_base.py
index 459482eb6d..a96f75ce26 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/admin/_base.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/admin/_base.py
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ def historical_admin_path_patterns(path_regex):
     Note that this should only be used for existing endpoints: new ones should just
     register for the /_synapse/admin path.
     """
-    return list(
+    return [
         re.compile(prefix + path_regex)
         for prefix in (
             "^/_synapse/admin/v1",
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ def historical_admin_path_patterns(path_regex):
             "^/_matrix/client/unstable/admin",
             "^/_matrix/client/r0/admin",
         )
-    )
+    ]
 
 
 def admin_patterns(path_regex: str):
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v1/push_rule.py b/synapse/rest/client/v1/push_rule.py
index 4f74600239..9fd4908136 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v1/push_rule.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v1/push_rule.py
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ class PushRuleRestServlet(RestServlet):
         if self._is_worker:
             raise Exception("Cannot handle PUT /push_rules on worker")
 
-        spec = _rule_spec_from_path([x for x in path.split("/")])
+        spec = _rule_spec_from_path(path.split("/"))
         try:
             priority_class = _priority_class_from_spec(spec)
         except InvalidRuleException as e:
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ class PushRuleRestServlet(RestServlet):
         if self._is_worker:
             raise Exception("Cannot handle DELETE /push_rules on worker")
 
-        spec = _rule_spec_from_path([x for x in path.split("/")])
+        spec = _rule_spec_from_path(path.split("/"))
 
         requester = await self.auth.get_user_by_req(request)
         user_id = requester.user.to_string()
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ class PushRuleRestServlet(RestServlet):
 
         rules = format_push_rules_for_user(requester.user, rules)
 
-        path = [x for x in path.split("/")][1:]
+        path = path.split("/")[1:]
 
         if path == []:
             # we're a reference impl: pedantry is our job.
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v1/pusher.py b/synapse/rest/client/v1/pusher.py
index 6f6b7aed6e..550a2f1b44 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v1/pusher.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v1/pusher.py
@@ -54,9 +54,9 @@ class PushersRestServlet(RestServlet):
 
         pushers = await self.hs.get_datastore().get_pushers_by_user_id(user.to_string())
 
-        filtered_pushers = list(
+        filtered_pushers = [
             {k: v for k, v in p.items() if k in ALLOWED_KEYS} for p in pushers
-        )
+        ]
 
         return 200, {"pushers": filtered_pushers}
 
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/sync.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/sync.py
index d8292ce29f..8fa68dd37f 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/sync.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/sync.py
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ class SyncRestServlet(RestServlet):
     """
 
     PATTERNS = client_patterns("/sync$")
-    ALLOWED_PRESENCE = set(["online", "offline", "unavailable"])
+    ALLOWED_PRESENCE = {"online", "offline", "unavailable"}
 
     def __init__(self, hs):
         super(SyncRestServlet, self).__init__()
diff --git a/synapse/rest/key/v2/remote_key_resource.py b/synapse/rest/key/v2/remote_key_resource.py
index 9d6813a047..4b6d030a57 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/key/v2/remote_key_resource.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/key/v2/remote_key_resource.py
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ class RemoteKey(DirectServeResource):
 
         time_now_ms = self.clock.time_msec()
 
-        cache_misses = dict()  # type: Dict[str, Set[str]]
+        cache_misses = {}  # type: Dict[str, Set[str]]
         for (server_name, key_id, from_server), results in cached.items():
             results = [(result["ts_added_ms"], result) for result in results]
 
diff --git a/synapse/rest/media/v1/_base.py b/synapse/rest/media/v1/_base.py
index 65bbf00073..ba28dd089d 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/media/v1/_base.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/media/v1/_base.py
@@ -135,27 +135,25 @@ def add_file_headers(request, media_type, file_size, upload_name):
 
 # separators as defined in RFC2616. SP and HT are handled separately.
 # see _can_encode_filename_as_token.
-_FILENAME_SEPARATOR_CHARS = set(
-    (
-        "(",
-        ")",
-        "<",
-        ">",
-        "@",
-        ",",
-        ";",
-        ":",
-        "\\",
-        '"',
-        "/",
-        "[",
-        "]",
-        "?",
-        "=",
-        "{",
-        "}",
-    )
-)
+_FILENAME_SEPARATOR_CHARS = {
+    "(",
+    ")",
+    "<",
+    ">",
+    "@",
+    ",",
+    ";",
+    ":",
+    "\\",
+    '"',
+    "/",
+    "[",
+    "]",
+    "?",
+    "=",
+    "{",
+    "}",
+}
 
 
 def _can_encode_filename_as_token(x):
diff --git a/synapse/state/v1.py b/synapse/state/v1.py
index 24b7c0faef..9bf98d06f2 100644
--- a/synapse/state/v1.py
+++ b/synapse/state/v1.py
@@ -69,9 +69,9 @@ def resolve_events_with_store(
 
     unconflicted_state, conflicted_state = _seperate(state_sets)
 
-    needed_events = set(
+    needed_events = {
         event_id for event_ids in itervalues(conflicted_state) for event_id in event_ids
-    )
+    }
     needed_event_count = len(needed_events)
     if event_map is not None:
         needed_events -= set(iterkeys(event_map))
@@ -261,11 +261,11 @@ def _resolve_state_events(conflicted_state, auth_events):
 
 
 def _resolve_auth_events(events, auth_events):
-    reverse = [i for i in reversed(_ordered_events(events))]
+    reverse = list(reversed(_ordered_events(events)))
 
-    auth_keys = set(
+    auth_keys = {
         key for event in events for key in event_auth.auth_types_for_event(event)
-    )
+    }
 
     new_auth_events = {}
     for key in auth_keys:
diff --git a/synapse/state/v2.py b/synapse/state/v2.py
index 75fe58305a..0ffe6d8c14 100644
--- a/synapse/state/v2.py
+++ b/synapse/state/v2.py
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ def resolve_events_with_store(
                 % (room_id, event.event_id, event.room_id,)
             )
 
-    full_conflicted_set = set(eid for eid in full_conflicted_set if eid in event_map)
+    full_conflicted_set = {eid for eid in full_conflicted_set if eid in event_map}
 
     logger.debug("%d full_conflicted_set entries", len(full_conflicted_set))
 
@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ def _get_auth_chain_difference(state_sets, event_map, state_res_store):
 
     auth_sets = []
     for state_set in state_sets:
-        auth_ids = set(
+        auth_ids = {
             eid
             for key, eid in iteritems(state_set)
             if (
@@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ def _get_auth_chain_difference(state_sets, event_map, state_res_store):
                 )
             )
             and eid not in common
-        )
+        }
 
         auth_chain = yield state_res_store.get_auth_chain(auth_ids, common)
         auth_ids.update(auth_chain)
@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@ def _seperate(state_sets):
     conflicted_state = {}
 
     for key in set(itertools.chain.from_iterable(state_sets)):
-        event_ids = set(state_set.get(key) for state_set in state_sets)
+        event_ids = {state_set.get(key) for state_set in state_sets}
         if len(event_ids) == 1:
             unconflicted_state[key] = event_ids.pop()
         else:
diff --git a/synapse/storage/_base.py b/synapse/storage/_base.py
index da3b99f93d..13de5f1f62 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/_base.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/_base.py
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ class SQLBaseStore(metaclass=ABCMeta):
             members_changed (iterable[str]): The user_ids of members that have
                 changed
         """
-        for host in set(get_domain_from_id(u) for u in members_changed):
+        for host in {get_domain_from_id(u) for u in members_changed}:
             self._attempt_to_invalidate_cache("is_host_joined", (room_id, host))
             self._attempt_to_invalidate_cache("was_host_joined", (room_id, host))
 
diff --git a/synapse/storage/background_updates.py b/synapse/storage/background_updates.py
index bd547f35cf..eb1a7e5002 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/background_updates.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/background_updates.py
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ class BackgroundUpdater(object):
                 keyvalues=None,
                 retcols=("update_name", "depends_on"),
             )
-            in_flight = set(update["update_name"] for update in updates)
+            in_flight = {update["update_name"] for update in updates}
             for update in updates:
                 if update["depends_on"] not in in_flight:
                     self._background_update_queue.append(update["update_name"])
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/appservice.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/appservice.py
index b2f39649fd..efbc06c796 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/appservice.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/appservice.py
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ class ApplicationServiceTransactionWorkerStore(
             may be empty.
         """
         results = yield self.db.simple_select_list(
-            "application_services_state", dict(state=state), ["as_id"]
+            "application_services_state", {"state": state}, ["as_id"]
         )
         # NB: This assumes this class is linked with ApplicationServiceStore
         as_list = self.get_app_services()
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ class ApplicationServiceTransactionWorkerStore(
         """
         result = yield self.db.simple_select_one(
             "application_services_state",
-            dict(as_id=service.id),
+            {"as_id": service.id},
             ["state"],
             allow_none=True,
             desc="get_appservice_state",
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ class ApplicationServiceTransactionWorkerStore(
             A Deferred which resolves when the state was set successfully.
         """
         return self.db.simple_upsert(
-            "application_services_state", dict(as_id=service.id), dict(state=state)
+            "application_services_state", {"as_id": service.id}, {"state": state}
         )
 
     def create_appservice_txn(self, service, events):
@@ -253,13 +253,15 @@ class ApplicationServiceTransactionWorkerStore(
             self.db.simple_upsert_txn(
                 txn,
                 "application_services_state",
-                dict(as_id=service.id),
-                dict(last_txn=txn_id),
+                {"as_id": service.id},
+                {"last_txn": txn_id},
             )
 
             # Delete txn
             self.db.simple_delete_txn(
-                txn, "application_services_txns", dict(txn_id=txn_id, as_id=service.id)
+                txn,
+                "application_services_txns",
+                {"txn_id": txn_id, "as_id": service.id},
             )
 
         return self.db.runInteraction(
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/client_ips.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/client_ips.py
index 13f4c9c72e..e1ccb27142 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/client_ips.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/client_ips.py
@@ -530,7 +530,7 @@ class ClientIpStore(ClientIpBackgroundUpdateStore):
             ((row["access_token"], row["ip"]), (row["user_agent"], row["last_seen"]))
             for row in rows
         )
-        return list(
+        return [
             {
                 "access_token": access_token,
                 "ip": ip,
@@ -538,7 +538,7 @@ class ClientIpStore(ClientIpBackgroundUpdateStore):
                 "last_seen": last_seen,
             }
             for (access_token, ip), (user_agent, last_seen) in iteritems(results)
-        )
+        ]
 
     @wrap_as_background_process("prune_old_user_ips")
     async def _prune_old_user_ips(self):
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/devices.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/devices.py
index b7617efb80..d55733a4cd 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/devices.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/devices.py
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ class DeviceWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
         # get the cross-signing keys of the users in the list, so that we can
         # determine which of the device changes were cross-signing keys
-        users = set(r[0] for r in updates)
+        users = {r[0] for r in updates}
         master_key_by_user = {}
         self_signing_key_by_user = {}
         for user in users:
@@ -446,7 +446,7 @@ class DeviceWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             a set of user_ids and results_map is a mapping of
             user_id -> device_id -> device_info
         """
-        user_ids = set(user_id for user_id, _ in query_list)
+        user_ids = {user_id for user_id, _ in query_list}
         user_map = yield self.get_device_list_last_stream_id_for_remotes(list(user_ids))
 
         # We go and check if any of the users need to have their device lists
@@ -454,10 +454,9 @@ class DeviceWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         users_needing_resync = yield self.get_user_ids_requiring_device_list_resync(
             user_ids
         )
-        user_ids_in_cache = (
-            set(user_id for user_id, stream_id in user_map.items() if stream_id)
-            - users_needing_resync
-        )
+        user_ids_in_cache = {
+            user_id for user_id, stream_id in user_map.items() if stream_id
+        } - users_needing_resync
         user_ids_not_in_cache = user_ids - user_ids_in_cache
 
         results = {}
@@ -604,7 +603,7 @@ class DeviceWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             rows = yield self.db.execute(
                 "get_users_whose_signatures_changed", None, sql, user_id, from_key
             )
-            return set(user for row in rows for user in json.loads(row[0]))
+            return {user for row in rows for user in json.loads(row[0])}
         else:
             return set()
 
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/event_federation.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/event_federation.py
index 750ec1b70d..49a7b8b433 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/event_federation.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/event_federation.py
@@ -426,7 +426,7 @@ class EventFederationWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SignatureWorkerStore, SQLBas
                     query, (room_id, event_id, False, limit - len(event_results))
                 )
 
-                new_results = set(t[0] for t in txn) - seen_events
+                new_results = {t[0] for t in txn} - seen_events
 
                 new_front |= new_results
                 seen_events |= new_results
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/events.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/events.py
index c9d0d68c3a..8ae23df00a 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/events.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/events.py
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ class EventsStore(
             return txn.fetchall()
 
         res = yield self.db.runInteraction("read_forward_extremities", fetch)
-        self._current_forward_extremities_amount = c_counter(list(x[0] for x in res))
+        self._current_forward_extremities_amount = c_counter([x[0] for x in res])
 
     @_retry_on_integrity_error
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -598,11 +598,11 @@ class EventsStore(
             # We find out which membership events we may have deleted
             # and which we have added, then we invlidate the caches for all
             # those users.
-            members_changed = set(
+            members_changed = {
                 state_key
                 for ev_type, state_key in itertools.chain(to_delete, to_insert)
                 if ev_type == EventTypes.Member
-            )
+            }
 
             for member in members_changed:
                 txn.call_after(
@@ -1615,7 +1615,7 @@ class EventsStore(
         """
         )
 
-        referenced_state_groups = set(sg for sg, in txn)
+        referenced_state_groups = {sg for sg, in txn}
         logger.info(
             "[purge] found %i referenced state groups", len(referenced_state_groups)
         )
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/events_bg_updates.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/events_bg_updates.py
index 5177b71016..f54c8b1ee0 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/events_bg_updates.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/events_bg_updates.py
@@ -402,7 +402,7 @@ class EventsBackgroundUpdatesStore(SQLBaseStore):
                     keyvalues={},
                     retcols=("room_id",),
                 )
-                room_ids = set(row["room_id"] for row in rows)
+                room_ids = {row["room_id"] for row in rows}
                 for room_id in room_ids:
                     txn.call_after(
                         self.get_latest_event_ids_in_room.invalidate, (room_id,)
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/events_worker.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/events_worker.py
index 7251e819f5..47a3a26072 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/events_worker.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/events_worker.py
@@ -494,9 +494,9 @@ class EventsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         """
         with Measure(self._clock, "_fetch_event_list"):
             try:
-                events_to_fetch = set(
+                events_to_fetch = {
                     event_id for events, _ in event_list for event_id in events
-                )
+                }
 
                 row_dict = self.db.new_transaction(
                     conn, "do_fetch", [], [], self._fetch_event_rows, events_to_fetch
@@ -804,7 +804,7 @@ class EventsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             desc="have_events_in_timeline",
         )
 
-        return set(r["event_id"] for r in rows)
+        return {r["event_id"] for r in rows}
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def have_seen_events(self, event_ids):
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/push_rule.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/push_rule.py
index e2673ae073..62ac88d9f2 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/push_rule.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/push_rule.py
@@ -276,21 +276,21 @@ class PushRulesWorkerStore(
         # We ignore app service users for now. This is so that we don't fill
         # up the `get_if_users_have_pushers` cache with AS entries that we
         # know don't have pushers, nor even read receipts.
-        local_users_in_room = set(
+        local_users_in_room = {
             u
             for u in users_in_room
             if self.hs.is_mine_id(u)
             and not self.get_if_app_services_interested_in_user(u)
-        )
+        }
 
         # users in the room who have pushers need to get push rules run because
         # that's how their pushers work
         if_users_with_pushers = yield self.get_if_users_have_pushers(
             local_users_in_room, on_invalidate=cache_context.invalidate
         )
-        user_ids = set(
+        user_ids = {
             uid for uid, have_pusher in if_users_with_pushers.items() if have_pusher
-        )
+        }
 
         users_with_receipts = yield self.get_users_with_read_receipts_in_room(
             room_id, on_invalidate=cache_context.invalidate
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/receipts.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/receipts.py
index 96e54d145e..0d932a0672 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/receipts.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/receipts.py
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ class ReceiptsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
     @cachedInlineCallbacks()
     def get_users_with_read_receipts_in_room(self, room_id):
         receipts = yield self.get_receipts_for_room(room_id, "m.read")
-        return set(r["user_id"] for r in receipts)
+        return {r["user_id"] for r in receipts}
 
     @cached(num_args=2)
     def get_receipts_for_room(self, room_id, receipt_type):
@@ -283,7 +283,7 @@ class ReceiptsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 args.append(limit)
             txn.execute(sql, args)
 
-            return list(r[0:5] + (json.loads(r[5]),) for r in txn)
+            return [r[0:5] + (json.loads(r[5]),) for r in txn]
 
         return self.db.runInteraction(
             "get_all_updated_receipts", get_all_updated_receipts_txn
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/roommember.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/roommember.py
index d5ced05701..d5bd0cb5cf 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/roommember.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/roommember.py
@@ -465,7 +465,7 @@ class RoomMemberWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore):
 
             txn.execute(sql % (clause,), args)
 
-            return set(row[0] for row in txn)
+            return {row[0] for row in txn}
 
         return await self.db.runInteraction(
             "get_users_server_still_shares_room_with",
@@ -826,7 +826,7 @@ class RoomMemberWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore):
                 GROUP BY room_id, user_id;
             """
             txn.execute(sql, (user_id,))
-            return set(row[0] for row in txn if row[1] == 0)
+            return {row[0] for row in txn if row[1] == 0}
 
         return self.db.runInteraction(
             "get_forgotten_rooms_for_user", _get_forgotten_rooms_for_user_txn
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/state.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/state.py
index 3d34103e67..3a3b9a8e72 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/state.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/state.py
@@ -321,7 +321,7 @@ class StateGroupWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
             desc="get_referenced_state_groups",
         )
 
-        return set(row["state_group"] for row in rows)
+        return {row["state_group"] for row in rows}
 
 
 class MainStateBackgroundUpdateStore(RoomMemberWorkerStore):
@@ -367,7 +367,7 @@ class MainStateBackgroundUpdateStore(RoomMemberWorkerStore):
             """
 
             txn.execute(sql, (last_room_id, batch_size))
-            room_ids = list(row[0] for row in txn)
+            room_ids = [row[0] for row in txn]
             if not room_ids:
                 return True, set()
 
@@ -384,7 +384,7 @@ class MainStateBackgroundUpdateStore(RoomMemberWorkerStore):
 
             txn.execute(sql, (last_room_id, room_ids[-1], "%:" + self.server_name))
 
-            joined_room_ids = set(row[0] for row in txn)
+            joined_room_ids = {row[0] for row in txn}
 
             left_rooms = set(room_ids) - joined_room_ids
 
@@ -404,7 +404,7 @@ class MainStateBackgroundUpdateStore(RoomMemberWorkerStore):
                 retcols=("state_key",),
             )
 
-            potentially_left_users = set(row["state_key"] for row in rows)
+            potentially_left_users = {row["state_key"] for row in rows}
 
             # Now lets actually delete the rooms from the DB.
             self.db.simple_delete_many_txn(
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/stream.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/stream.py
index 056b25b13a..ada5cce6c2 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/stream.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/stream.py
@@ -346,11 +346,11 @@ class StreamWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
             from_key (str): The room_key portion of a StreamToken
         """
         from_key = RoomStreamToken.parse_stream_token(from_key).stream
-        return set(
+        return {
             room_id
             for room_id in room_ids
             if self._events_stream_cache.has_entity_changed(room_id, from_key)
-        )
+        }
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def get_room_events_stream_for_room(
@@ -679,11 +679,11 @@ class StreamWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SQLBaseStore):
         )
 
         events_before = yield self.get_events_as_list(
-            [e for e in results["before"]["event_ids"]], get_prev_content=True
+            list(results["before"]["event_ids"]), get_prev_content=True
         )
 
         events_after = yield self.get_events_as_list(
-            [e for e in results["after"]["event_ids"]], get_prev_content=True
+            list(results["after"]["event_ids"]), get_prev_content=True
         )
 
         return {
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/user_erasure_store.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/user_erasure_store.py
index af8025bc17..ec6b8a4ffd 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/user_erasure_store.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/user_erasure_store.py
@@ -63,9 +63,9 @@ class UserErasureWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             retcols=("user_id",),
             desc="are_users_erased",
         )
-        erased_users = set(row["user_id"] for row in rows)
+        erased_users = {row["user_id"] for row in rows}
 
-        res = dict((u, u in erased_users) for u in user_ids)
+        res = {u: u in erased_users for u in user_ids}
         return res
 
 
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/state/store.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/state/store.py
index c4ee9b7ccb..57a5267663 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/state/store.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/state/store.py
@@ -520,11 +520,11 @@ class StateGroupDataStore(StateBackgroundUpdateStore, SQLBaseStore):
             retcols=("state_group",),
         )
 
-        remaining_state_groups = set(
+        remaining_state_groups = {
             row["state_group"]
             for row in rows
             if row["state_group"] not in state_groups_to_delete
-        )
+        }
 
         logger.info(
             "[purge] de-delta-ing %i remaining state groups",
diff --git a/synapse/storage/database.py b/synapse/storage/database.py
index 6dcb5c04da..1953614401 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/database.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/database.py
@@ -554,8 +554,8 @@ class Database(object):
         Returns:
             A list of dicts where the key is the column header.
         """
-        col_headers = list(intern(str(column[0])) for column in cursor.description)
-        results = list(dict(zip(col_headers, row)) for row in cursor)
+        col_headers = [intern(str(column[0])) for column in cursor.description]
+        results = [dict(zip(col_headers, row)) for row in cursor]
         return results
 
     def execute(self, desc, decoder, query, *args):
diff --git a/synapse/storage/persist_events.py b/synapse/storage/persist_events.py
index b950550f23..0f9ac1cf09 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/persist_events.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/persist_events.py
@@ -602,14 +602,14 @@ class EventsPersistenceStorage(object):
             event_id_to_state_group.update(event_to_groups)
 
         # State groups of old_latest_event_ids
-        old_state_groups = set(
+        old_state_groups = {
             event_id_to_state_group[evid] for evid in old_latest_event_ids
-        )
+        }
 
         # State groups of new_latest_event_ids
-        new_state_groups = set(
+        new_state_groups = {
             event_id_to_state_group[evid] for evid in new_latest_event_ids
-        )
+        }
 
         # If they old and new groups are the same then we don't need to do
         # anything.
diff --git a/synapse/storage/prepare_database.py b/synapse/storage/prepare_database.py
index c285ef52a0..fc69c32a0a 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/prepare_database.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/prepare_database.py
@@ -345,9 +345,9 @@ def _upgrade_existing_database(
                     "Could not open delta dir for version %d: %s" % (v, directory)
                 )
 
-        duplicates = set(
+        duplicates = {
             file_name for file_name, count in file_name_counter.items() if count > 1
-        )
+        }
         if duplicates:
             # We don't support using the same file name in the same delta version.
             raise PrepareDatabaseException(
@@ -454,7 +454,7 @@ def _apply_module_schema_files(cur, database_engine, modname, names_and_streams)
         ),
         (modname,),
     )
-    applied_deltas = set(d for d, in cur)
+    applied_deltas = {d for d, in cur}
     for (name, stream) in names_and_streams:
         if name in applied_deltas:
             continue
diff --git a/synapse/util/frozenutils.py b/synapse/util/frozenutils.py
index 635b897d6c..f2ccd5e7c6 100644
--- a/synapse/util/frozenutils.py
+++ b/synapse/util/frozenutils.py
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ def freeze(o):
         return o
 
     try:
-        return tuple([freeze(i) for i in o])
+        return tuple(freeze(i) for i in o)
     except TypeError:
         pass
 
diff --git a/synapse/visibility.py b/synapse/visibility.py
index d0abd8f04f..e60d9756b7 100644
--- a/synapse/visibility.py
+++ b/synapse/visibility.py
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ def filter_events_for_client(
     """
     # Filter out events that have been soft failed so that we don't relay them
     # to clients.
-    events = list(e for e in events if not e.internal_metadata.is_soft_failed())
+    events = [e for e in events if not e.internal_metadata.is_soft_failed()]
 
     types = ((EventTypes.RoomHistoryVisibility, ""), (EventTypes.Member, user_id))
     event_id_to_state = yield storage.state.get_state_for_events(
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ def filter_events_for_client(
     erased_senders = yield storage.main.are_users_erased((e.sender for e in events))
 
     if apply_retention_policies:
-        room_ids = set(e.room_id for e in events)
+        room_ids = {e.room_id for e in events}
         retention_policies = {}
 
         for room_id in room_ids:
diff --git a/tests/config/test_generate.py b/tests/config/test_generate.py
index 2684e662de..463855ecc8 100644
--- a/tests/config/test_generate.py
+++ b/tests/config/test_generate.py
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ class ConfigGenerationTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             )
 
         self.assertSetEqual(
-            set(["homeserver.yaml", "lemurs.win.log.config", "lemurs.win.signing.key"]),
+            {"homeserver.yaml", "lemurs.win.log.config", "lemurs.win.signing.key"},
             set(os.listdir(self.dir)),
         )
 
diff --git a/tests/federation/test_federation_server.py b/tests/federation/test_federation_server.py
index e7d8699040..296dc887be 100644
--- a/tests/federation/test_federation_server.py
+++ b/tests/federation/test_federation_server.py
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ class StateQueryTests(unittest.FederatingHomeserverTestCase):
             )
         )
 
-        self.assertEqual(members, set(["@user:other.example.com", u1]))
+        self.assertEqual(members, {"@user:other.example.com", u1})
         self.assertEqual(len(channel.json_body["pdus"]), 6)
 
     def test_needs_to_be_in_room(self):
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_presence.py b/tests/handlers/test_presence.py
index c171038df8..64915bafcd 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_presence.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_presence.py
@@ -338,7 +338,7 @@ class PresenceTimeoutTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         )
 
         new_state = handle_timeout(
-            state, is_mine=True, syncing_user_ids=set([user_id]), now=now
+            state, is_mine=True, syncing_user_ids={user_id}, now=now
         )
 
         self.assertIsNotNone(new_state)
@@ -579,7 +579,7 @@ class PresenceJoinTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         )
         self.assertEqual(expected_state.state, PresenceState.ONLINE)
         self.federation_sender.send_presence_to_destinations.assert_called_once_with(
-            destinations=set(("server2", "server3")), states=[expected_state]
+            destinations={"server2", "server3"}, states=[expected_state]
         )
 
     def _add_new_user(self, room_id, user_id):
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_typing.py b/tests/handlers/test_typing.py
index 140cc0a3c2..07b204666e 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_typing.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_typing.py
@@ -129,12 +129,12 @@ class TypingNotificationsTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         hs.get_auth().check_user_in_room = check_user_in_room
 
         def get_joined_hosts_for_room(room_id):
-            return set(member.domain for member in self.room_members)
+            return {member.domain for member in self.room_members}
 
         self.datastore.get_joined_hosts_for_room = get_joined_hosts_for_room
 
         def get_current_users_in_room(room_id):
-            return set(str(u) for u in self.room_members)
+            return {str(u) for u in self.room_members}
 
         hs.get_state_handler().get_current_users_in_room = get_current_users_in_room
 
@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ class TypingNotificationsTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
         member = RoomMember(ROOM_ID, U_APPLE.to_string())
         self.handler._member_typing_until[member] = 1002000
-        self.handler._room_typing[ROOM_ID] = set([U_APPLE.to_string()])
+        self.handler._room_typing[ROOM_ID] = {U_APPLE.to_string()}
 
         self.assertEquals(self.event_source.get_current_key(), 0)
 
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_user_directory.py b/tests/handlers/test_user_directory.py
index 0a4765fff4..7b92bdbc47 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_user_directory.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_user_directory.py
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ class UserDirectoryTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         public_users = self.get_users_in_public_rooms()
 
         self.assertEqual(
-            self._compress_shared(shares_private), set([(u1, u2, room), (u2, u1, room)])
+            self._compress_shared(shares_private), {(u1, u2, room), (u2, u1, room)}
         )
         self.assertEqual(public_users, [])
 
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ class UserDirectoryTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         public_users = self.get_users_in_public_rooms()
 
         self.assertEqual(
-            self._compress_shared(shares_private), set([(u1, u2, room), (u2, u1, room)])
+            self._compress_shared(shares_private), {(u1, u2, room), (u2, u1, room)}
         )
         self.assertEqual(public_users, [])
 
@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ class UserDirectoryTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         public_users = self.get_users_in_public_rooms()
 
         self.assertEqual(
-            self._compress_shared(shares_private), set([(u1, u2, room), (u2, u1, room)])
+            self._compress_shared(shares_private), {(u1, u2, room), (u2, u1, room)}
         )
         self.assertEqual(public_users, [])
 
@@ -358,12 +358,12 @@ class UserDirectoryTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         public_users = self.get_users_in_public_rooms()
 
         # User 1 and User 2 are in the same public room
-        self.assertEqual(set(public_users), set([(u1, room), (u2, room)]))
+        self.assertEqual(set(public_users), {(u1, room), (u2, room)})
 
         # User 1 and User 3 share private rooms
         self.assertEqual(
             self._compress_shared(shares_private),
-            set([(u1, u3, private_room), (u3, u1, private_room)]),
+            {(u1, u3, private_room), (u3, u1, private_room)},
         )
 
     def test_initial_share_all_users(self):
@@ -398,7 +398,7 @@ class UserDirectoryTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
         # No users share rooms
         self.assertEqual(public_users, [])
-        self.assertEqual(self._compress_shared(shares_private), set([]))
+        self.assertEqual(self._compress_shared(shares_private), set())
 
         # Despite not sharing a room, search_all_users means we get a search
         # result.
diff --git a/tests/push/test_email.py b/tests/push/test_email.py
index 80187406bc..83032cc9ea 100644
--- a/tests/push/test_email.py
+++ b/tests/push/test_email.py
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ class EmailPusherTests(HomeserverTestCase):
 
         # Get the stream ordering before it gets sent
         pushers = self.get_success(
-            self.hs.get_datastore().get_pushers_by(dict(user_name=self.user_id))
+            self.hs.get_datastore().get_pushers_by({"user_name": self.user_id})
         )
         pushers = list(pushers)
         self.assertEqual(len(pushers), 1)
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ class EmailPusherTests(HomeserverTestCase):
 
         # It hasn't succeeded yet, so the stream ordering shouldn't have moved
         pushers = self.get_success(
-            self.hs.get_datastore().get_pushers_by(dict(user_name=self.user_id))
+            self.hs.get_datastore().get_pushers_by({"user_name": self.user_id})
         )
         pushers = list(pushers)
         self.assertEqual(len(pushers), 1)
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ class EmailPusherTests(HomeserverTestCase):
 
         # The stream ordering has increased
         pushers = self.get_success(
-            self.hs.get_datastore().get_pushers_by(dict(user_name=self.user_id))
+            self.hs.get_datastore().get_pushers_by({"user_name": self.user_id})
         )
         pushers = list(pushers)
         self.assertEqual(len(pushers), 1)
diff --git a/tests/push/test_http.py b/tests/push/test_http.py
index fe3441f081..baf9c785f4 100644
--- a/tests/push/test_http.py
+++ b/tests/push/test_http.py
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ class HTTPPusherTests(HomeserverTestCase):
 
         # Get the stream ordering before it gets sent
         pushers = self.get_success(
-            self.hs.get_datastore().get_pushers_by(dict(user_name=user_id))
+            self.hs.get_datastore().get_pushers_by({"user_name": user_id})
         )
         pushers = list(pushers)
         self.assertEqual(len(pushers), 1)
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ class HTTPPusherTests(HomeserverTestCase):
 
         # It hasn't succeeded yet, so the stream ordering shouldn't have moved
         pushers = self.get_success(
-            self.hs.get_datastore().get_pushers_by(dict(user_name=user_id))
+            self.hs.get_datastore().get_pushers_by({"user_name": user_id})
         )
         pushers = list(pushers)
         self.assertEqual(len(pushers), 1)
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ class HTTPPusherTests(HomeserverTestCase):
 
         # The stream ordering has increased
         pushers = self.get_success(
-            self.hs.get_datastore().get_pushers_by(dict(user_name=user_id))
+            self.hs.get_datastore().get_pushers_by({"user_name": user_id})
         )
         pushers = list(pushers)
         self.assertEqual(len(pushers), 1)
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ class HTTPPusherTests(HomeserverTestCase):
 
         # The stream ordering has increased, again
         pushers = self.get_success(
-            self.hs.get_datastore().get_pushers_by(dict(user_name=user_id))
+            self.hs.get_datastore().get_pushers_by({"user_name": user_id})
         )
         pushers = list(pushers)
         self.assertEqual(len(pushers), 1)
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_sync.py b/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_sync.py
index 9c13a13786..fa3a3ec1bd 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_sync.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_sync.py
@@ -40,16 +40,14 @@ class FilterTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
         self.assertEqual(channel.code, 200)
         self.assertTrue(
-            set(
-                [
-                    "next_batch",
-                    "rooms",
-                    "presence",
-                    "account_data",
-                    "to_device",
-                    "device_lists",
-                ]
-            ).issubset(set(channel.json_body.keys()))
+            {
+                "next_batch",
+                "rooms",
+                "presence",
+                "account_data",
+                "to_device",
+                "device_lists",
+            }.issubset(set(channel.json_body.keys()))
         )
 
     def test_sync_presence_disabled(self):
@@ -63,9 +61,13 @@ class FilterTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
         self.assertEqual(channel.code, 200)
         self.assertTrue(
-            set(
-                ["next_batch", "rooms", "account_data", "to_device", "device_lists"]
-            ).issubset(set(channel.json_body.keys()))
+            {
+                "next_batch",
+                "rooms",
+                "account_data",
+                "to_device",
+                "device_lists",
+            }.issubset(set(channel.json_body.keys()))
         )
 
 
diff --git a/tests/storage/test__base.py b/tests/storage/test__base.py
index d491ea2924..e37260a820 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test__base.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test__base.py
@@ -373,7 +373,7 @@ class UpsertManyTests(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         )
         self.assertEqual(
             set(self._dump_to_tuple(res)),
-            set([(1, "user1", "hello"), (2, "user2", "there")]),
+            {(1, "user1", "hello"), (2, "user2", "there")},
         )
 
         # Update only user2
@@ -400,5 +400,5 @@ class UpsertManyTests(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         )
         self.assertEqual(
             set(self._dump_to_tuple(res)),
-            set([(1, "user1", "hello"), (2, "user2", "bleb")]),
+            {(1, "user1", "hello"), (2, "user2", "bleb")},
         )
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_appservice.py b/tests/storage/test_appservice.py
index fd52512696..31710949a8 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_appservice.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_appservice.py
@@ -69,14 +69,14 @@ class ApplicationServiceStoreTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
                 pass
 
     def _add_appservice(self, as_token, id, url, hs_token, sender):
-        as_yaml = dict(
-            url=url,
-            as_token=as_token,
-            hs_token=hs_token,
-            id=id,
-            sender_localpart=sender,
-            namespaces={},
-        )
+        as_yaml = {
+            "url": url,
+            "as_token": as_token,
+            "hs_token": hs_token,
+            "id": id,
+            "sender_localpart": sender,
+            "namespaces": {},
+        }
         # use the token as the filename
         with open(as_token, "w") as outfile:
             outfile.write(yaml.dump(as_yaml))
@@ -135,14 +135,14 @@ class ApplicationServiceTransactionStoreTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         )
 
     def _add_service(self, url, as_token, id):
-        as_yaml = dict(
-            url=url,
-            as_token=as_token,
-            hs_token="something",
-            id=id,
-            sender_localpart="a_sender",
-            namespaces={},
-        )
+        as_yaml = {
+            "url": url,
+            "as_token": as_token,
+            "hs_token": "something",
+            "id": id,
+            "sender_localpart": "a_sender",
+            "namespaces": {},
+        }
         # use the token as the filename
         with open(as_token, "w") as outfile:
             outfile.write(yaml.dump(as_yaml))
@@ -384,8 +384,8 @@ class ApplicationServiceTransactionStoreTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         )
         self.assertEquals(2, len(services))
         self.assertEquals(
-            set([self.as_list[2]["id"], self.as_list[0]["id"]]),
-            set([services[0].id, services[1].id]),
+            {self.as_list[2]["id"], self.as_list[0]["id"]},
+            {services[0].id, services[1].id},
         )
 
 
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_cleanup_extrems.py b/tests/storage/test_cleanup_extrems.py
index 029ac26454..0e04b2cf92 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_cleanup_extrems.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_cleanup_extrems.py
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ class CleanupExtremBackgroundUpdateStoreTestCase(HomeserverTestCase):
         latest_event_ids = self.get_success(
             self.store.get_latest_event_ids_in_room(self.room_id)
         )
-        self.assertEqual(set(latest_event_ids), set((event_id_a, event_id_b)))
+        self.assertEqual(set(latest_event_ids), {event_id_a, event_id_b})
 
         # Run the background update and check it did the right thing
         self.run_background_update()
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ class CleanupExtremBackgroundUpdateStoreTestCase(HomeserverTestCase):
         latest_event_ids = self.get_success(
             self.store.get_latest_event_ids_in_room(self.room_id)
         )
-        self.assertEqual(set(latest_event_ids), set((event_id_a, event_id_b)))
+        self.assertEqual(set(latest_event_ids), {event_id_a, event_id_b})
 
         # Run the background update and check it did the right thing
         self.run_background_update()
@@ -227,9 +227,7 @@ class CleanupExtremBackgroundUpdateStoreTestCase(HomeserverTestCase):
         latest_event_ids = self.get_success(
             self.store.get_latest_event_ids_in_room(self.room_id)
         )
-        self.assertEqual(
-            set(latest_event_ids), set((event_id_a, event_id_b, event_id_c))
-        )
+        self.assertEqual(set(latest_event_ids), {event_id_a, event_id_b, event_id_c})
 
         # Run the background update and check it did the right thing
         self.run_background_update()
@@ -237,7 +235,7 @@ class CleanupExtremBackgroundUpdateStoreTestCase(HomeserverTestCase):
         latest_event_ids = self.get_success(
             self.store.get_latest_event_ids_in_room(self.room_id)
         )
-        self.assertEqual(set(latest_event_ids), set([event_id_b, event_id_c]))
+        self.assertEqual(set(latest_event_ids), {event_id_b, event_id_c})
 
 
 class CleanupExtremDummyEventsTestCase(HomeserverTestCase):
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_event_metrics.py b/tests/storage/test_event_metrics.py
index f26ff57a18..a7b7fd36d3 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_event_metrics.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_event_metrics.py
@@ -59,24 +59,22 @@ class ExtremStatisticsTestCase(HomeserverTestCase):
             )
         )
 
-        expected = set(
-            [
-                b'synapse_forward_extremities_bucket{le="1.0"} 0.0',
-                b'synapse_forward_extremities_bucket{le="2.0"} 2.0',
-                b'synapse_forward_extremities_bucket{le="3.0"} 2.0',
-                b'synapse_forward_extremities_bucket{le="5.0"} 2.0',
-                b'synapse_forward_extremities_bucket{le="7.0"} 3.0',
-                b'synapse_forward_extremities_bucket{le="10.0"} 3.0',
-                b'synapse_forward_extremities_bucket{le="15.0"} 3.0',
-                b'synapse_forward_extremities_bucket{le="20.0"} 3.0',
-                b'synapse_forward_extremities_bucket{le="50.0"} 3.0',
-                b'synapse_forward_extremities_bucket{le="100.0"} 3.0',
-                b'synapse_forward_extremities_bucket{le="200.0"} 3.0',
-                b'synapse_forward_extremities_bucket{le="500.0"} 3.0',
-                b'synapse_forward_extremities_bucket{le="+Inf"} 3.0',
-                b"synapse_forward_extremities_count 3.0",
-                b"synapse_forward_extremities_sum 10.0",
-            ]
-        )
+        expected = {
+            b'synapse_forward_extremities_bucket{le="1.0"} 0.0',
+            b'synapse_forward_extremities_bucket{le="2.0"} 2.0',
+            b'synapse_forward_extremities_bucket{le="3.0"} 2.0',
+            b'synapse_forward_extremities_bucket{le="5.0"} 2.0',
+            b'synapse_forward_extremities_bucket{le="7.0"} 3.0',
+            b'synapse_forward_extremities_bucket{le="10.0"} 3.0',
+            b'synapse_forward_extremities_bucket{le="15.0"} 3.0',
+            b'synapse_forward_extremities_bucket{le="20.0"} 3.0',
+            b'synapse_forward_extremities_bucket{le="50.0"} 3.0',
+            b'synapse_forward_extremities_bucket{le="100.0"} 3.0',
+            b'synapse_forward_extremities_bucket{le="200.0"} 3.0',
+            b'synapse_forward_extremities_bucket{le="500.0"} 3.0',
+            b'synapse_forward_extremities_bucket{le="+Inf"} 3.0',
+            b"synapse_forward_extremities_count 3.0",
+            b"synapse_forward_extremities_sum 10.0",
+        }
 
         self.assertEqual(items, expected)
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_state.py b/tests/storage/test_state.py
index 04d58fbf24..0b88308ff4 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_state.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_state.py
@@ -394,7 +394,7 @@ class StateStoreTestCase(tests.unittest.TestCase):
         ) = self.state_datastore._state_group_cache.get(group)
 
         self.assertEqual(is_all, False)
-        self.assertEqual(known_absent, set([(e1.type, e1.state_key)]))
+        self.assertEqual(known_absent, {(e1.type, e1.state_key)})
         self.assertDictEqual(state_dict_ids, {(e1.type, e1.state_key): e1.event_id})
 
         ############################################
diff --git a/tests/test_state.py b/tests/test_state.py
index d1578fe581..66f22f6813 100644
--- a/tests/test_state.py
+++ b/tests/test_state.py
@@ -254,9 +254,7 @@ class StateTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         ctx_d = context_store["D"]
 
         prev_state_ids = yield ctx_d.get_prev_state_ids()
-        self.assertSetEqual(
-            {"START", "A", "C"}, {e_id for e_id in prev_state_ids.values()}
-        )
+        self.assertSetEqual({"START", "A", "C"}, set(prev_state_ids.values()))
 
         self.assertEqual(ctx_c.state_group, ctx_d.state_group_before_event)
         self.assertEqual(ctx_d.state_group_before_event, ctx_d.state_group)
@@ -313,9 +311,7 @@ class StateTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         ctx_e = context_store["E"]
 
         prev_state_ids = yield ctx_e.get_prev_state_ids()
-        self.assertSetEqual(
-            {"START", "A", "B", "C"}, {e for e in prev_state_ids.values()}
-        )
+        self.assertSetEqual({"START", "A", "B", "C"}, set(prev_state_ids.values()))
         self.assertEqual(ctx_c.state_group, ctx_e.state_group_before_event)
         self.assertEqual(ctx_e.state_group_before_event, ctx_e.state_group)
 
@@ -388,9 +384,7 @@ class StateTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         ctx_d = context_store["D"]
 
         prev_state_ids = yield ctx_d.get_prev_state_ids()
-        self.assertSetEqual(
-            {"A1", "A2", "A3", "A5", "B"}, {e for e in prev_state_ids.values()}
-        )
+        self.assertSetEqual({"A1", "A2", "A3", "A5", "B"}, set(prev_state_ids.values()))
 
         self.assertEqual(ctx_b.state_group, ctx_d.state_group_before_event)
         self.assertEqual(ctx_d.state_group_before_event, ctx_d.state_group)
@@ -482,7 +476,7 @@ class StateTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         current_state_ids = yield context.get_current_state_ids()
 
         self.assertEqual(
-            set([e.event_id for e in old_state]), set(current_state_ids.values())
+            {e.event_id for e in old_state}, set(current_state_ids.values())
         )
 
         self.assertEqual(group_name, context.state_group)
@@ -513,9 +507,7 @@ class StateTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
         prev_state_ids = yield context.get_prev_state_ids()
 
-        self.assertEqual(
-            set([e.event_id for e in old_state]), set(prev_state_ids.values())
-        )
+        self.assertEqual({e.event_id for e in old_state}, set(prev_state_ids.values()))
 
         self.assertIsNotNone(context.state_group)
 
diff --git a/tests/util/test_stream_change_cache.py b/tests/util/test_stream_change_cache.py
index f2be63706b..72a9de5370 100644
--- a/tests/util/test_stream_change_cache.py
+++ b/tests/util/test_stream_change_cache.py
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ class StreamChangeCacheTests(unittest.TestCase):
         # If we update an existing entity, it keeps the two existing entities
         cache.entity_has_changed("bar@baz.net", 5)
         self.assertEqual(
-            set(["bar@baz.net", "user@elsewhere.org"]), set(cache._entity_to_key)
+            {"bar@baz.net", "user@elsewhere.org"}, set(cache._entity_to_key)
         )
 
     def test_get_all_entities_changed(self):
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ class StreamChangeCacheTests(unittest.TestCase):
             cache.get_entities_changed(
                 ["user@foo.com", "bar@baz.net", "user@elsewhere.org"], stream_pos=2
             ),
-            set(["bar@baz.net", "user@elsewhere.org"]),
+            {"bar@baz.net", "user@elsewhere.org"},
         )
 
         # Query all the entries mid-way through the stream, but include one
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ class StreamChangeCacheTests(unittest.TestCase):
                 ],
                 stream_pos=2,
             ),
-            set(["bar@baz.net", "user@elsewhere.org"]),
+            {"bar@baz.net", "user@elsewhere.org"},
         )
 
         # Query all the entries, but before the first known point. We will get
@@ -168,21 +168,13 @@ class StreamChangeCacheTests(unittest.TestCase):
                 ],
                 stream_pos=0,
             ),
-            set(
-                [
-                    "user@foo.com",
-                    "bar@baz.net",
-                    "user@elsewhere.org",
-                    "not@here.website",
-                ]
-            ),
+            {"user@foo.com", "bar@baz.net", "user@elsewhere.org", "not@here.website"},
         )
 
         # Query a subset of the entries mid-way through the stream. We should
         # only get back the subset.
         self.assertEqual(
-            cache.get_entities_changed(["bar@baz.net"], stream_pos=2),
-            set(["bar@baz.net"]),
+            cache.get_entities_changed(["bar@baz.net"], stream_pos=2), {"bar@baz.net"},
         )
 
     def test_max_pos(self):
diff --git a/tox.ini b/tox.ini
index b9132a3177..b715ea0bff 100644
--- a/tox.ini
+++ b/tox.ini
@@ -123,6 +123,7 @@ skip_install = True
 basepython = python3.6
 deps =
     flake8
+    flake8-comprehensions
     black==19.10b0  # We pin so that our tests don't start failing on new releases of black.
 commands =
     python -m black --check --diff .
-- 
cgit 1.5.1


From 476932cdef7779a1d68e20074843fe280517b102 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Andrew Morgan <andrew@amorgan.xyz>
Date: Tue, 25 Feb 2020 11:14:11 +0000
Subject: Increase expected state events in tests for new room by one

---
 tests/handlers/test_stats.py | 7 ++++++-
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'tests/handlers')

diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_stats.py b/tests/handlers/test_stats.py
index 7569b6fab5..207bf88c01 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_stats.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_stats.py
@@ -21,8 +21,12 @@ from tests import unittest
 
 # The expected number of state events in a fresh public room.
 EXPT_NUM_STATE_EVTS_IN_FRESH_PUBLIC_ROOM = 5
+
 # The expected number of state events in a fresh private room.
-EXPT_NUM_STATE_EVTS_IN_FRESH_PRIVATE_ROOM = 6
+#
+# Note: we increase this by 1 on the dinsic branch as we send
+# a "im.vector.room.access_rules" state event into new private rooms
+EXPT_NUM_STATE_EVTS_IN_FRESH_PRIVATE_ROOM = 7
 
 
 class StatsRoomTests(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
@@ -631,6 +635,7 @@ class StatsRoomTests(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
         self.assertEqual(u1stats["joined_rooms"], 1)
 
+    @unittest.DEBUG
     def test_incomplete_stats(self):
         """
         This tests that we track incomplete statistics.
-- 
cgit 1.5.1


From 3c34ddab01cc17671d5dc10eb41abed4d8b7cc0f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Andrew Morgan <andrew@amorgan.xyz>
Date: Tue, 25 Feb 2020 11:36:04 +0000
Subject: Remove extraneous unittest.DEBUG's

---
 tests/handlers/test_stats.py                | 1 -
 tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_register.py | 1 -
 2 files changed, 2 deletions(-)

(limited to 'tests/handlers')

diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_stats.py b/tests/handlers/test_stats.py
index 207bf88c01..89ec8636a6 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_stats.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_stats.py
@@ -635,7 +635,6 @@ class StatsRoomTests(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
         self.assertEqual(u1stats["joined_rooms"], 1)
 
-    @unittest.DEBUG
     def test_incomplete_stats(self):
         """
         This tests that we track incomplete statistics.
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_register.py b/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_register.py
index b6093a0012..9a5d275d06 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_register.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/v2_alpha/test_register.py
@@ -52,7 +52,6 @@ class RegisterRestServletTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
         return self.hs
 
-    @unittest.DEBUG
     def test_POST_appservice_registration_valid(self):
         user_id = "@as_user_kermit:test"
         as_token = "i_am_an_app_service"
-- 
cgit 1.5.1


From 1f773eec912e4908ab60f7823f5c0a024261af4d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Erik Johnston <erik@matrix.org>
Date: Wed, 26 Feb 2020 15:33:26 +0000
Subject: Port PresenceHandler to async/await (#6991)

---
 changelog.d/6991.misc               |   1 +
 synapse/handlers/message.py         |   5 +-
 synapse/handlers/presence.py        | 192 ++++++++++++++++--------------------
 synapse/replication/tcp/resource.py |   6 +-
 synapse/server.pyi                  |   5 +
 tests/handlers/test_presence.py     |  18 ++--
 tox.ini                             |   1 +
 7 files changed, 113 insertions(+), 115 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 changelog.d/6991.misc

(limited to 'tests/handlers')

diff --git a/changelog.d/6991.misc b/changelog.d/6991.misc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5130f4e8af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/6991.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Port `synapse.handlers.presence` to async/await.
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/message.py b/synapse/handlers/message.py
index d6be280952..a0103addd3 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/message.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/message.py
@@ -1016,11 +1016,10 @@ class EventCreationHandler(object):
             # matters as sometimes presence code can take a while.
             run_in_background(self._bump_active_time, requester.user)
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _bump_active_time(self, user):
+    async def _bump_active_time(self, user):
         try:
             presence = self.hs.get_presence_handler()
-            yield presence.bump_presence_active_time(user)
+            await presence.bump_presence_active_time(user)
         except Exception:
             logger.exception("Error bumping presence active time")
 
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/presence.py b/synapse/handlers/presence.py
index 0d6cf2b008..5526015ddb 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/presence.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/presence.py
@@ -24,11 +24,12 @@ The methods that define policy are:
 
 import logging
 from contextlib import contextmanager
-from typing import Dict, Set
+from typing import Dict, List, Set
 
 from six import iteritems, itervalues
 
 from prometheus_client import Counter
+from typing_extensions import ContextManager
 
 from twisted.internet import defer
 
@@ -42,10 +43,14 @@ from synapse.metrics.background_process_metrics import run_as_background_process
 from synapse.storage.presence import UserPresenceState
 from synapse.types import UserID, get_domain_from_id
 from synapse.util.async_helpers import Linearizer
-from synapse.util.caches.descriptors import cachedInlineCallbacks
+from synapse.util.caches.descriptors import cached
 from synapse.util.metrics import Measure
 from synapse.util.wheel_timer import WheelTimer
 
+MYPY = False
+if MYPY:
+    import synapse.server
+
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
@@ -97,7 +102,6 @@ assert LAST_ACTIVE_GRANULARITY < IDLE_TIMER
 class PresenceHandler(object):
     def __init__(self, hs: "synapse.server.HomeServer"):
         self.hs = hs
-        self.is_mine = hs.is_mine
         self.is_mine_id = hs.is_mine_id
         self.server_name = hs.hostname
         self.clock = hs.get_clock()
@@ -150,7 +154,7 @@ class PresenceHandler(object):
 
         # Set of users who have presence in the `user_to_current_state` that
         # have not yet been persisted
-        self.unpersisted_users_changes = set()
+        self.unpersisted_users_changes = set()  # type: Set[str]
 
         hs.get_reactor().addSystemEventTrigger(
             "before",
@@ -160,12 +164,11 @@ class PresenceHandler(object):
             self._on_shutdown,
         )
 
-        self.serial_to_user = {}
         self._next_serial = 1
 
         # Keeps track of the number of *ongoing* syncs on this process. While
         # this is non zero a user will never go offline.
-        self.user_to_num_current_syncs = {}
+        self.user_to_num_current_syncs = {}  # type: Dict[str, int]
 
         # Keeps track of the number of *ongoing* syncs on other processes.
         # While any sync is ongoing on another process the user will never
@@ -213,8 +216,7 @@ class PresenceHandler(object):
         self._event_pos = self.store.get_current_events_token()
         self._event_processing = False
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _on_shutdown(self):
+    async def _on_shutdown(self):
         """Gets called when shutting down. This lets us persist any updates that
         we haven't yet persisted, e.g. updates that only changes some internal
         timers. This allows changes to persist across startup without having to
@@ -235,7 +237,7 @@ class PresenceHandler(object):
 
         if self.unpersisted_users_changes:
 
-            yield self.store.update_presence(
+            await self.store.update_presence(
                 [
                     self.user_to_current_state[user_id]
                     for user_id in self.unpersisted_users_changes
@@ -243,8 +245,7 @@ class PresenceHandler(object):
             )
         logger.info("Finished _on_shutdown")
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _persist_unpersisted_changes(self):
+    async def _persist_unpersisted_changes(self):
         """We periodically persist the unpersisted changes, as otherwise they
         may stack up and slow down shutdown times.
         """
@@ -253,12 +254,11 @@ class PresenceHandler(object):
 
         if unpersisted:
             logger.info("Persisting %d unpersisted presence updates", len(unpersisted))
-            yield self.store.update_presence(
+            await self.store.update_presence(
                 [self.user_to_current_state[user_id] for user_id in unpersisted]
             )
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _update_states(self, new_states):
+    async def _update_states(self, new_states):
         """Updates presence of users. Sets the appropriate timeouts. Pokes
         the notifier and federation if and only if the changed presence state
         should be sent to clients/servers.
@@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ class PresenceHandler(object):
 
         with Measure(self.clock, "presence_update_states"):
 
-            # NOTE: We purposefully don't yield between now and when we've
+            # NOTE: We purposefully don't await between now and when we've
             # calculated what we want to do with the new states, to avoid races.
 
             to_notify = {}  # Changes we want to notify everyone about
@@ -311,7 +311,7 @@ class PresenceHandler(object):
 
             if to_notify:
                 notified_presence_counter.inc(len(to_notify))
-                yield self._persist_and_notify(list(to_notify.values()))
+                await self._persist_and_notify(list(to_notify.values()))
 
             self.unpersisted_users_changes |= {s.user_id for s in new_states}
             self.unpersisted_users_changes -= set(to_notify.keys())
@@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ class PresenceHandler(object):
 
                 self._push_to_remotes(to_federation_ping.values())
 
-    def _handle_timeouts(self):
+    async def _handle_timeouts(self):
         """Checks the presence of users that have timed out and updates as
         appropriate.
         """
@@ -368,10 +368,9 @@ class PresenceHandler(object):
             now=now,
         )
 
-        return self._update_states(changes)
+        return await self._update_states(changes)
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def bump_presence_active_time(self, user):
+    async def bump_presence_active_time(self, user):
         """We've seen the user do something that indicates they're interacting
         with the app.
         """
@@ -383,16 +382,17 @@ class PresenceHandler(object):
 
         bump_active_time_counter.inc()
 
-        prev_state = yield self.current_state_for_user(user_id)
+        prev_state = await self.current_state_for_user(user_id)
 
         new_fields = {"last_active_ts": self.clock.time_msec()}
         if prev_state.state == PresenceState.UNAVAILABLE:
             new_fields["state"] = PresenceState.ONLINE
 
-        yield self._update_states([prev_state.copy_and_replace(**new_fields)])
+        await self._update_states([prev_state.copy_and_replace(**new_fields)])
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def user_syncing(self, user_id, affect_presence=True):
+    async def user_syncing(
+        self, user_id: str, affect_presence: bool = True
+    ) -> ContextManager[None]:
         """Returns a context manager that should surround any stream requests
         from the user.
 
@@ -415,11 +415,11 @@ class PresenceHandler(object):
             curr_sync = self.user_to_num_current_syncs.get(user_id, 0)
             self.user_to_num_current_syncs[user_id] = curr_sync + 1
 
-            prev_state = yield self.current_state_for_user(user_id)
+            prev_state = await self.current_state_for_user(user_id)
             if prev_state.state == PresenceState.OFFLINE:
                 # If they're currently offline then bring them online, otherwise
                 # just update the last sync times.
-                yield self._update_states(
+                await self._update_states(
                     [
                         prev_state.copy_and_replace(
                             state=PresenceState.ONLINE,
@@ -429,7 +429,7 @@ class PresenceHandler(object):
                     ]
                 )
             else:
-                yield self._update_states(
+                await self._update_states(
                     [
                         prev_state.copy_and_replace(
                             last_user_sync_ts=self.clock.time_msec()
@@ -437,13 +437,12 @@ class PresenceHandler(object):
                     ]
                 )
 
-        @defer.inlineCallbacks
-        def _end():
+        async def _end():
             try:
                 self.user_to_num_current_syncs[user_id] -= 1
 
-                prev_state = yield self.current_state_for_user(user_id)
-                yield self._update_states(
+                prev_state = await self.current_state_for_user(user_id)
+                await self._update_states(
                     [
                         prev_state.copy_and_replace(
                             last_user_sync_ts=self.clock.time_msec()
@@ -480,8 +479,7 @@ class PresenceHandler(object):
         else:
             return set()
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def update_external_syncs_row(
+    async def update_external_syncs_row(
         self, process_id, user_id, is_syncing, sync_time_msec
     ):
         """Update the syncing users for an external process as a delta.
@@ -494,8 +492,8 @@ class PresenceHandler(object):
             is_syncing (bool): Whether or not the user is now syncing
             sync_time_msec(int): Time in ms when the user was last syncing
         """
-        with (yield self.external_sync_linearizer.queue(process_id)):
-            prev_state = yield self.current_state_for_user(user_id)
+        with (await self.external_sync_linearizer.queue(process_id)):
+            prev_state = await self.current_state_for_user(user_id)
 
             process_presence = self.external_process_to_current_syncs.setdefault(
                 process_id, set()
@@ -525,25 +523,24 @@ class PresenceHandler(object):
                 process_presence.discard(user_id)
 
             if updates:
-                yield self._update_states(updates)
+                await self._update_states(updates)
 
             self.external_process_last_updated_ms[process_id] = self.clock.time_msec()
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def update_external_syncs_clear(self, process_id):
+    async def update_external_syncs_clear(self, process_id):
         """Marks all users that had been marked as syncing by a given process
         as offline.
 
         Used when the process has stopped/disappeared.
         """
-        with (yield self.external_sync_linearizer.queue(process_id)):
+        with (await self.external_sync_linearizer.queue(process_id)):
             process_presence = self.external_process_to_current_syncs.pop(
                 process_id, set()
             )
-            prev_states = yield self.current_state_for_users(process_presence)
+            prev_states = await self.current_state_for_users(process_presence)
             time_now_ms = self.clock.time_msec()
 
-            yield self._update_states(
+            await self._update_states(
                 [
                     prev_state.copy_and_replace(last_user_sync_ts=time_now_ms)
                     for prev_state in itervalues(prev_states)
@@ -551,15 +548,13 @@ class PresenceHandler(object):
             )
             self.external_process_last_updated_ms.pop(process_id, None)
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def current_state_for_user(self, user_id):
+    async def current_state_for_user(self, user_id):
         """Get the current presence state for a user.
         """
-        res = yield self.current_state_for_users([user_id])
+        res = await self.current_state_for_users([user_id])
         return res[user_id]
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def current_state_for_users(self, user_ids):
+    async def current_state_for_users(self, user_ids):
         """Get the current presence state for multiple users.
 
         Returns:
@@ -574,7 +569,7 @@ class PresenceHandler(object):
         if missing:
             # There are things not in our in memory cache. Lets pull them out of
             # the database.
-            res = yield self.store.get_presence_for_users(missing)
+            res = await self.store.get_presence_for_users(missing)
             states.update(res)
 
             missing = [user_id for user_id, state in iteritems(states) if not state]
@@ -587,14 +582,13 @@ class PresenceHandler(object):
 
         return states
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _persist_and_notify(self, states):
+    async def _persist_and_notify(self, states):
         """Persist states in the database, poke the notifier and send to
         interested remote servers
         """
-        stream_id, max_token = yield self.store.update_presence(states)
+        stream_id, max_token = await self.store.update_presence(states)
 
-        parties = yield get_interested_parties(self.store, states)
+        parties = await get_interested_parties(self.store, states)
         room_ids_to_states, users_to_states = parties
 
         self.notifier.on_new_event(
@@ -606,9 +600,8 @@ class PresenceHandler(object):
 
         self._push_to_remotes(states)
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def notify_for_states(self, state, stream_id):
-        parties = yield get_interested_parties(self.store, [state])
+    async def notify_for_states(self, state, stream_id):
+        parties = await get_interested_parties(self.store, [state])
         room_ids_to_states, users_to_states = parties
 
         self.notifier.on_new_event(
@@ -626,8 +619,7 @@ class PresenceHandler(object):
         """
         self.federation.send_presence(states)
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def incoming_presence(self, origin, content):
+    async def incoming_presence(self, origin, content):
         """Called when we receive a `m.presence` EDU from a remote server.
         """
         now = self.clock.time_msec()
@@ -670,21 +662,19 @@ class PresenceHandler(object):
             new_fields["status_msg"] = push.get("status_msg", None)
             new_fields["currently_active"] = push.get("currently_active", False)
 
-            prev_state = yield self.current_state_for_user(user_id)
+            prev_state = await self.current_state_for_user(user_id)
             updates.append(prev_state.copy_and_replace(**new_fields))
 
         if updates:
             federation_presence_counter.inc(len(updates))
-            yield self._update_states(updates)
+            await self._update_states(updates)
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_state(self, target_user, as_event=False):
-        results = yield self.get_states([target_user.to_string()], as_event=as_event)
+    async def get_state(self, target_user, as_event=False):
+        results = await self.get_states([target_user.to_string()], as_event=as_event)
 
         return results[0]
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_states(self, target_user_ids, as_event=False):
+    async def get_states(self, target_user_ids, as_event=False):
         """Get the presence state for users.
 
         Args:
@@ -695,7 +685,7 @@ class PresenceHandler(object):
             list
         """
 
-        updates = yield self.current_state_for_users(target_user_ids)
+        updates = await self.current_state_for_users(target_user_ids)
         updates = list(updates.values())
 
         for user_id in set(target_user_ids) - {u.user_id for u in updates}:
@@ -713,8 +703,7 @@ class PresenceHandler(object):
         else:
             return updates
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def set_state(self, target_user, state, ignore_status_msg=False):
+    async def set_state(self, target_user, state, ignore_status_msg=False):
         """Set the presence state of the user.
         """
         status_msg = state.get("status_msg", None)
@@ -730,7 +719,7 @@ class PresenceHandler(object):
 
         user_id = target_user.to_string()
 
-        prev_state = yield self.current_state_for_user(user_id)
+        prev_state = await self.current_state_for_user(user_id)
 
         new_fields = {"state": presence}
 
@@ -741,16 +730,15 @@ class PresenceHandler(object):
         if presence == PresenceState.ONLINE:
             new_fields["last_active_ts"] = self.clock.time_msec()
 
-        yield self._update_states([prev_state.copy_and_replace(**new_fields)])
+        await self._update_states([prev_state.copy_and_replace(**new_fields)])
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def is_visible(self, observed_user, observer_user):
+    async def is_visible(self, observed_user, observer_user):
         """Returns whether a user can see another user's presence.
         """
-        observer_room_ids = yield self.store.get_rooms_for_user(
+        observer_room_ids = await self.store.get_rooms_for_user(
             observer_user.to_string()
         )
-        observed_room_ids = yield self.store.get_rooms_for_user(
+        observed_room_ids = await self.store.get_rooms_for_user(
             observed_user.to_string()
         )
 
@@ -759,8 +747,7 @@ class PresenceHandler(object):
 
         return False
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_all_presence_updates(self, last_id, current_id):
+    async def get_all_presence_updates(self, last_id, current_id):
         """
         Gets a list of presence update rows from between the given stream ids.
         Each row has:
@@ -775,7 +762,7 @@ class PresenceHandler(object):
         """
         # TODO(markjh): replicate the unpersisted changes.
         # This could use the in-memory stores for recent changes.
-        rows = yield self.store.get_all_presence_updates(last_id, current_id)
+        rows = await self.store.get_all_presence_updates(last_id, current_id)
         return rows
 
     def notify_new_event(self):
@@ -786,20 +773,18 @@ class PresenceHandler(object):
         if self._event_processing:
             return
 
-        @defer.inlineCallbacks
-        def _process_presence():
+        async def _process_presence():
             assert not self._event_processing
 
             self._event_processing = True
             try:
-                yield self._unsafe_process()
+                await self._unsafe_process()
             finally:
                 self._event_processing = False
 
         run_as_background_process("presence.notify_new_event", _process_presence)
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _unsafe_process(self):
+    async def _unsafe_process(self):
         # Loop round handling deltas until we're up to date
         while True:
             with Measure(self.clock, "presence_delta"):
@@ -812,10 +797,10 @@ class PresenceHandler(object):
                     self._event_pos,
                     room_max_stream_ordering,
                 )
-                max_pos, deltas = yield self.store.get_current_state_deltas(
+                max_pos, deltas = await self.store.get_current_state_deltas(
                     self._event_pos, room_max_stream_ordering
                 )
-                yield self._handle_state_delta(deltas)
+                await self._handle_state_delta(deltas)
 
                 self._event_pos = max_pos
 
@@ -824,8 +809,7 @@ class PresenceHandler(object):
                     max_pos
                 )
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _handle_state_delta(self, deltas):
+    async def _handle_state_delta(self, deltas):
         """Process current state deltas to find new joins that need to be
         handled.
         """
@@ -846,13 +830,13 @@ class PresenceHandler(object):
                 # joins.
                 continue
 
-            event = yield self.store.get_event(event_id, allow_none=True)
+            event = await self.store.get_event(event_id, allow_none=True)
             if not event or event.content.get("membership") != Membership.JOIN:
                 # We only care about joins
                 continue
 
             if prev_event_id:
-                prev_event = yield self.store.get_event(prev_event_id, allow_none=True)
+                prev_event = await self.store.get_event(prev_event_id, allow_none=True)
                 if (
                     prev_event
                     and prev_event.content.get("membership") == Membership.JOIN
@@ -860,10 +844,9 @@ class PresenceHandler(object):
                     # Ignore changes to join events.
                     continue
 
-            yield self._on_user_joined_room(room_id, state_key)
+            await self._on_user_joined_room(room_id, state_key)
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _on_user_joined_room(self, room_id, user_id):
+    async def _on_user_joined_room(self, room_id, user_id):
         """Called when we detect a user joining the room via the current state
         delta stream.
 
@@ -882,8 +865,8 @@ class PresenceHandler(object):
             # TODO: We should be able to filter the hosts down to those that
             # haven't previously seen the user
 
-            state = yield self.current_state_for_user(user_id)
-            hosts = yield self.state.get_current_hosts_in_room(room_id)
+            state = await self.current_state_for_user(user_id)
+            hosts = await self.state.get_current_hosts_in_room(room_id)
 
             # Filter out ourselves.
             hosts = {host for host in hosts if host != self.server_name}
@@ -903,10 +886,10 @@ class PresenceHandler(object):
             # TODO: Check that this is actually a new server joining the
             # room.
 
-            user_ids = yield self.state.get_current_users_in_room(room_id)
+            user_ids = await self.state.get_current_users_in_room(room_id)
             user_ids = list(filter(self.is_mine_id, user_ids))
 
-            states = yield self.current_state_for_users(user_ids)
+            states = await self.current_state_for_users(user_ids)
 
             # Filter out old presence, i.e. offline presence states where
             # the user hasn't been active for a week. We can change this
@@ -996,9 +979,8 @@ class PresenceEventSource(object):
         self.store = hs.get_datastore()
         self.state = hs.get_state_handler()
 
-    @defer.inlineCallbacks
     @log_function
-    def get_new_events(
+    async def get_new_events(
         self,
         user,
         from_key,
@@ -1045,7 +1027,7 @@ class PresenceEventSource(object):
             presence = self.get_presence_handler()
             stream_change_cache = self.store.presence_stream_cache
 
-            users_interested_in = yield self._get_interested_in(user, explicit_room_id)
+            users_interested_in = await self._get_interested_in(user, explicit_room_id)
 
             user_ids_changed = set()
             changed = None
@@ -1071,7 +1053,7 @@ class PresenceEventSource(object):
                 else:
                     user_ids_changed = users_interested_in
 
-            updates = yield presence.current_state_for_users(user_ids_changed)
+            updates = await presence.current_state_for_users(user_ids_changed)
 
         if include_offline:
             return (list(updates.values()), max_token)
@@ -1084,11 +1066,11 @@ class PresenceEventSource(object):
     def get_current_key(self):
         return self.store.get_current_presence_token()
 
-    def get_pagination_rows(self, user, pagination_config, key):
-        return self.get_new_events(user, from_key=None, include_offline=False)
+    async def get_pagination_rows(self, user, pagination_config, key):
+        return await self.get_new_events(user, from_key=None, include_offline=False)
 
-    @cachedInlineCallbacks(num_args=2, cache_context=True)
-    def _get_interested_in(self, user, explicit_room_id, cache_context):
+    @cached(num_args=2, cache_context=True)
+    async def _get_interested_in(self, user, explicit_room_id, cache_context):
         """Returns the set of users that the given user should see presence
         updates for
         """
@@ -1096,13 +1078,13 @@ class PresenceEventSource(object):
         users_interested_in = set()
         users_interested_in.add(user_id)  # So that we receive our own presence
 
-        users_who_share_room = yield self.store.get_users_who_share_room_with_user(
+        users_who_share_room = await self.store.get_users_who_share_room_with_user(
             user_id, on_invalidate=cache_context.invalidate
         )
         users_interested_in.update(users_who_share_room)
 
         if explicit_room_id:
-            user_ids = yield self.store.get_users_in_room(
+            user_ids = await self.store.get_users_in_room(
                 explicit_room_id, on_invalidate=cache_context.invalidate
             )
             users_interested_in.update(user_ids)
@@ -1277,8 +1259,8 @@ def get_interested_parties(store, states):
         2-tuple: `(room_ids_to_states, users_to_states)`,
         with each item being a dict of `entity_name` -> `[UserPresenceState]`
     """
-    room_ids_to_states = {}
-    users_to_states = {}
+    room_ids_to_states = {}  # type: Dict[str, List[UserPresenceState]]
+    users_to_states = {}  # type: Dict[str, List[UserPresenceState]]
     for state in states:
         room_ids = yield store.get_rooms_for_user(state.user_id)
         for room_id in room_ids:
diff --git a/synapse/replication/tcp/resource.py b/synapse/replication/tcp/resource.py
index ce60ae2e07..ce9d1fae12 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/tcp/resource.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/tcp/resource.py
@@ -323,7 +323,11 @@ class ReplicationStreamer(object):
 
         # We need to tell the presence handler that the connection has been
         # lost so that it can handle any ongoing syncs on that connection.
-        self.presence_handler.update_external_syncs_clear(connection.conn_id)
+        run_as_background_process(
+            "update_external_syncs_clear",
+            self.presence_handler.update_external_syncs_clear,
+            connection.conn_id,
+        )
 
 
 def _batch_updates(updates):
diff --git a/synapse/server.pyi b/synapse/server.pyi
index 40eabfe5d9..3844f0e12f 100644
--- a/synapse/server.pyi
+++ b/synapse/server.pyi
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import twisted.internet
 import synapse.api.auth
 import synapse.config.homeserver
 import synapse.crypto.keyring
+import synapse.federation.federation_server
 import synapse.federation.sender
 import synapse.federation.transport.client
 import synapse.handlers
@@ -107,5 +108,9 @@ class HomeServer(object):
         self,
     ) -> synapse.replication.tcp.client.ReplicationClientHandler:
         pass
+    def get_federation_registry(
+        self,
+    ) -> synapse.federation.federation_server.FederationHandlerRegistry:
+        pass
     def is_mine_id(self, domain_id: str) -> bool:
         pass
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_presence.py b/tests/handlers/test_presence.py
index 64915bafcd..05ea40a7de 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_presence.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_presence.py
@@ -494,8 +494,10 @@ class PresenceJoinTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         self.helper.join(room_id, "@test2:server")
 
         # Mark test2 as online, test will be offline with a last_active of 0
-        self.presence_handler.set_state(
-            UserID.from_string("@test2:server"), {"presence": PresenceState.ONLINE}
+        self.get_success(
+            self.presence_handler.set_state(
+                UserID.from_string("@test2:server"), {"presence": PresenceState.ONLINE}
+            )
         )
         self.reactor.pump([0])  # Wait for presence updates to be handled
 
@@ -543,14 +545,18 @@ class PresenceJoinTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         room_id = self.helper.create_room_as(self.user_id)
 
         # Mark test as online
-        self.presence_handler.set_state(
-            UserID.from_string("@test:server"), {"presence": PresenceState.ONLINE}
+        self.get_success(
+            self.presence_handler.set_state(
+                UserID.from_string("@test:server"), {"presence": PresenceState.ONLINE}
+            )
         )
 
         # Mark test2 as online, test will be offline with a last_active of 0.
         # Note we don't join them to the room yet
-        self.presence_handler.set_state(
-            UserID.from_string("@test2:server"), {"presence": PresenceState.ONLINE}
+        self.get_success(
+            self.presence_handler.set_state(
+                UserID.from_string("@test2:server"), {"presence": PresenceState.ONLINE}
+            )
         )
 
         # Add servers to the room
diff --git a/tox.ini b/tox.ini
index b715ea0bff..4ccfde01b5 100644
--- a/tox.ini
+++ b/tox.ini
@@ -183,6 +183,7 @@ commands = mypy \
             synapse/events/spamcheck.py \
             synapse/federation/sender \
             synapse/federation/transport \
+            synapse/handlers/presence.py \
             synapse/handlers/sync.py \
             synapse/handlers/ui_auth \
             synapse/logging/ \
-- 
cgit 1.5.1


From 3e99528f2bfaa686c4708fb8efcddce935b2397d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Richard van der Hoff <1389908+richvdh@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 26 Feb 2020 16:58:33 +0000
Subject: Store room version on invite (#6983)

When we get an invite over federation, store the room version in the rooms table.

The general idea here is that, when we pull the invite out again, we'll want to know what room_version it belongs to (so that we can later redact it if need be). So we need to store it somewhere...
---
 changelog.d/6983.misc                    |  1 +
 synapse/handlers/federation.py           | 12 +++++++++++
 synapse/replication/http/_base.py        |  2 +-
 synapse/replication/http/federation.py   | 36 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 synapse/storage/data_stores/main/room.py | 20 ++++++++++++++++++
 tests/app/test_openid_listener.py        |  8 +++++++
 tests/handlers/test_typing.py            |  1 +
 7 files changed, 78 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 changelog.d/6983.misc

(limited to 'tests/handlers')

diff --git a/changelog.d/6983.misc b/changelog.d/6983.misc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..08aa80bcd9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/6983.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Refactoring work in preparation for changing the event redaction algorithm.
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/federation.py b/synapse/handlers/federation.py
index c2e6ee266d..38ab6a8fc3 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/federation.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/federation.py
@@ -60,6 +60,7 @@ from synapse.replication.http.devices import ReplicationUserDevicesResyncRestSer
 from synapse.replication.http.federation import (
     ReplicationCleanRoomRestServlet,
     ReplicationFederationSendEventsRestServlet,
+    ReplicationStoreRoomOnInviteRestServlet,
 )
 from synapse.replication.http.membership import ReplicationUserJoinedLeftRoomRestServlet
 from synapse.state import StateResolutionStore, resolve_events_with_store
@@ -160,8 +161,12 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
             self._user_device_resync = ReplicationUserDevicesResyncRestServlet.make_client(
                 hs
             )
+            self._maybe_store_room_on_invite = ReplicationStoreRoomOnInviteRestServlet.make_client(
+                hs
+            )
         else:
             self._device_list_updater = hs.get_device_handler().device_list_updater
+            self._maybe_store_room_on_invite = self.store.maybe_store_room_on_invite
 
         # When joining a room we need to queue any events for that room up
         self.room_queues = {}
@@ -1537,6 +1542,13 @@ class FederationHandler(BaseHandler):
         if event.state_key == self._server_notices_mxid:
             raise SynapseError(http_client.FORBIDDEN, "Cannot invite this user")
 
+        # keep a record of the room version, if we don't yet know it.
+        # (this may get overwritten if we later get a different room version in a
+        # join dance).
+        await self._maybe_store_room_on_invite(
+            room_id=event.room_id, room_version=room_version
+        )
+
         event.internal_metadata.outlier = True
         event.internal_metadata.out_of_band_membership = True
 
diff --git a/synapse/replication/http/_base.py b/synapse/replication/http/_base.py
index 444eb7b7f4..1be1ccbdf3 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/http/_base.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/http/_base.py
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ class ReplicationEndpoint(object):
     """Helper base class for defining new replication HTTP endpoints.
 
     This creates an endpoint under `/_synapse/replication/:NAME/:PATH_ARGS..`
-    (with an `/:txn_id` prefix for cached requests.), where NAME is a name,
+    (with a `/:txn_id` suffix for cached requests), where NAME is a name,
     PATH_ARGS are a tuple of parameters to be encoded in the URL.
 
     For example, if `NAME` is "send_event" and `PATH_ARGS` is `("event_id",)`,
diff --git a/synapse/replication/http/federation.py b/synapse/replication/http/federation.py
index 49a3251372..8794720101 100644
--- a/synapse/replication/http/federation.py
+++ b/synapse/replication/http/federation.py
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ import logging
 
 from twisted.internet import defer
 
+from synapse.api.room_versions import KNOWN_ROOM_VERSIONS
 from synapse.events import event_type_from_format_version
 from synapse.events.snapshot import EventContext
 from synapse.http.servlet import parse_json_object_from_request
@@ -211,7 +212,7 @@ class ReplicationCleanRoomRestServlet(ReplicationEndpoint):
 
     Request format:
 
-        POST /_synapse/replication/fed_query/:fed_cleanup_room/:txn_id
+        POST /_synapse/replication/fed_cleanup_room/:room_id/:txn_id
 
         {}
     """
@@ -238,8 +239,41 @@ class ReplicationCleanRoomRestServlet(ReplicationEndpoint):
         return 200, {}
 
 
+class ReplicationStoreRoomOnInviteRestServlet(ReplicationEndpoint):
+    """Called to clean up any data in DB for a given room, ready for the
+    server to join the room.
+
+    Request format:
+
+        POST /_synapse/replication/store_room_on_invite/:room_id/:txn_id
+
+        {
+            "room_version": "1",
+        }
+    """
+
+    NAME = "store_room_on_invite"
+    PATH_ARGS = ("room_id",)
+
+    def __init__(self, hs):
+        super().__init__(hs)
+
+        self.store = hs.get_datastore()
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _serialize_payload(room_id, room_version):
+        return {"room_version": room_version.identifier}
+
+    async def _handle_request(self, request, room_id):
+        content = parse_json_object_from_request(request)
+        room_version = KNOWN_ROOM_VERSIONS[content["room_version"]]
+        await self.store.maybe_store_room_on_invite(room_id, room_version)
+        return 200, {}
+
+
 def register_servlets(hs, http_server):
     ReplicationFederationSendEventsRestServlet(hs).register(http_server)
     ReplicationFederationSendEduRestServlet(hs).register(http_server)
     ReplicationGetQueryRestServlet(hs).register(http_server)
     ReplicationCleanRoomRestServlet(hs).register(http_server)
+    ReplicationStoreRoomOnInviteRestServlet(hs).register(http_server)
diff --git a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/room.py b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/room.py
index 70137dfbe4..e6c10c6316 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/room.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/room.py
@@ -1020,6 +1020,26 @@ class RoomStore(RoomBackgroundUpdateStore, RoomWorkerStore, SearchStore):
             logger.error("store_room with room_id=%s failed: %s", room_id, e)
             raise StoreError(500, "Problem creating room.")
 
+    async def maybe_store_room_on_invite(self, room_id: str, room_version: RoomVersion):
+        """
+        When we receive an invite over federation, store the version of the room if we
+        don't already know the room version.
+        """
+        await self.db.simple_upsert(
+            desc="maybe_store_room_on_invite",
+            table="rooms",
+            keyvalues={"room_id": room_id},
+            values={},
+            insertion_values={
+                "room_version": room_version.identifier,
+                "is_public": False,
+                "creator": "",
+            },
+            # rooms has a unique constraint on room_id, so no need to lock when doing an
+            # emulated upsert.
+            lock=False,
+        )
+
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def set_room_is_public(self, room_id, is_public):
         def set_room_is_public_txn(txn, next_id):
diff --git a/tests/app/test_openid_listener.py b/tests/app/test_openid_listener.py
index 1fe048048b..89fcc3889a 100644
--- a/tests/app/test_openid_listener.py
+++ b/tests/app/test_openid_listener.py
@@ -29,6 +29,14 @@ class FederationReaderOpenIDListenerTests(HomeserverTestCase):
         )
         return hs
 
+    def default_config(self, name="test"):
+        conf = super().default_config(name)
+        # we're using FederationReaderServer, which uses a SlavedStore, so we
+        # have to tell the FederationHandler not to try to access stuff that is only
+        # in the primary store.
+        conf["worker_app"] = "yes"
+        return conf
+
     @parameterized.expand(
         [
             (["federation"], "auth_fail"),
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_typing.py b/tests/handlers/test_typing.py
index 07b204666e..51e2b37218 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_typing.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_typing.py
@@ -74,6 +74,7 @@ class TypingNotificationsTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
                 "set_received_txn_response",
                 "get_destination_retry_timings",
                 "get_devices_by_remote",
+                "maybe_store_room_on_invite",
                 # Bits that user_directory needs
                 "get_user_directory_stream_pos",
                 "get_current_state_deltas",
-- 
cgit 1.5.1


From 7dcbc33a1be04c46b930699c03c15bc759f4b22c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Patrick Cloke <clokep@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 3 Mar 2020 07:12:45 -0500
Subject: Validate the alt_aliases property of canonical alias events (#6971)

---
 changelog.d/6971.feature           |   1 +
 synapse/api/errors.py              |   1 +
 synapse/handlers/directory.py      |  14 ++--
 synapse/handlers/message.py        |  47 ++++++++++-
 synapse/types.py                   |  15 ++--
 tests/handlers/test_directory.py   |  66 +++++++--------
 tests/rest/client/v1/test_rooms.py | 160 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 tests/test_types.py                |   2 +-
 8 files changed, 254 insertions(+), 52 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 changelog.d/6971.feature

(limited to 'tests/handlers')

diff --git a/changelog.d/6971.feature b/changelog.d/6971.feature
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ccf02a61df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/6971.feature
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Validate the alt_aliases property of canonical alias events.
diff --git a/synapse/api/errors.py b/synapse/api/errors.py
index 0c20601600..616942b057 100644
--- a/synapse/api/errors.py
+++ b/synapse/api/errors.py
@@ -66,6 +66,7 @@ class Codes(object):
     EXPIRED_ACCOUNT = "ORG_MATRIX_EXPIRED_ACCOUNT"
     INVALID_SIGNATURE = "M_INVALID_SIGNATURE"
     USER_DEACTIVATED = "M_USER_DEACTIVATED"
+    BAD_ALIAS = "M_BAD_ALIAS"
 
 
 class CodeMessageException(RuntimeError):
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/directory.py b/synapse/handlers/directory.py
index 0b23ca919a..61eb49059b 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/directory.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/directory.py
@@ -13,8 +13,6 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-
-import collections
 import logging
 import string
 from typing import List
@@ -307,15 +305,17 @@ class DirectoryHandler(BaseHandler):
             send_update = True
             content.pop("alias", "")
 
-        # Filter alt_aliases for the removed alias.
-        alt_aliases = content.pop("alt_aliases", None)
-        # If the aliases are not a list (or not found) do not attempt to modify
-        # the list.
-        if isinstance(alt_aliases, collections.Sequence):
+        # Filter the alt_aliases property for the removed alias. Note that the
+        # value is not modified if alt_aliases is of an unexpected form.
+        alt_aliases = content.get("alt_aliases")
+        if isinstance(alt_aliases, (list, tuple)) and alias_str in alt_aliases:
             send_update = True
             alt_aliases = [alias for alias in alt_aliases if alias != alias_str]
+
             if alt_aliases:
                 content["alt_aliases"] = alt_aliases
+            else:
+                del content["alt_aliases"]
 
         if send_update:
             yield self.event_creation_handler.create_and_send_nonmember_event(
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/message.py b/synapse/handlers/message.py
index a0103addd3..0c84c6cec4 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/message.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/message.py
@@ -888,19 +888,60 @@ class EventCreationHandler(object):
         yield self.base_handler.maybe_kick_guest_users(event, context)
 
         if event.type == EventTypes.CanonicalAlias:
-            # Check the alias is acually valid (at this time at least)
+            # Validate a newly added alias or newly added alt_aliases.
+
+            original_alias = None
+            original_alt_aliases = set()
+
+            original_event_id = event.unsigned.get("replaces_state")
+            if original_event_id:
+                original_event = yield self.store.get_event(original_event_id)
+
+                if original_event:
+                    original_alias = original_event.content.get("alias", None)
+                    original_alt_aliases = original_event.content.get("alt_aliases", [])
+
+            # Check the alias is currently valid (if it has changed).
             room_alias_str = event.content.get("alias", None)
-            if room_alias_str:
+            directory_handler = self.hs.get_handlers().directory_handler
+            if room_alias_str and room_alias_str != original_alias:
                 room_alias = RoomAlias.from_string(room_alias_str)
-                directory_handler = self.hs.get_handlers().directory_handler
                 mapping = yield directory_handler.get_association(room_alias)
 
                 if mapping["room_id"] != event.room_id:
                     raise SynapseError(
                         400,
                         "Room alias %s does not point to the room" % (room_alias_str,),
+                        Codes.BAD_ALIAS,
                     )
 
+            # Check that alt_aliases is the proper form.
+            alt_aliases = event.content.get("alt_aliases", [])
+            if not isinstance(alt_aliases, (list, tuple)):
+                raise SynapseError(
+                    400, "The alt_aliases property must be a list.", Codes.INVALID_PARAM
+                )
+
+            # If the old version of alt_aliases is of an unknown form,
+            # completely replace it.
+            if not isinstance(original_alt_aliases, (list, tuple)):
+                original_alt_aliases = []
+
+            # Check that each alias is currently valid.
+            new_alt_aliases = set(alt_aliases) - set(original_alt_aliases)
+            if new_alt_aliases:
+                for alias_str in new_alt_aliases:
+                    room_alias = RoomAlias.from_string(alias_str)
+                    mapping = yield directory_handler.get_association(room_alias)
+
+                    if mapping["room_id"] != event.room_id:
+                        raise SynapseError(
+                            400,
+                            "Room alias %s does not point to the room"
+                            % (room_alias_str,),
+                            Codes.BAD_ALIAS,
+                        )
+
         federation_handler = self.hs.get_handlers().federation_handler
 
         if event.type == EventTypes.Member:
diff --git a/synapse/types.py b/synapse/types.py
index f3cd465735..acf60baddc 100644
--- a/synapse/types.py
+++ b/synapse/types.py
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ import attr
 from signedjson.key import decode_verify_key_bytes
 from unpaddedbase64 import decode_base64
 
-from synapse.api.errors import SynapseError
+from synapse.api.errors import Codes, SynapseError
 
 # define a version of typing.Collection that works on python 3.5
 if sys.version_info[:3] >= (3, 6, 0):
@@ -166,11 +166,13 @@ class DomainSpecificString(namedtuple("DomainSpecificString", ("localpart", "dom
         return self
 
     @classmethod
-    def from_string(cls, s):
+    def from_string(cls, s: str):
         """Parse the string given by 's' into a structure object."""
         if len(s) < 1 or s[0:1] != cls.SIGIL:
             raise SynapseError(
-                400, "Expected %s string to start with '%s'" % (cls.__name__, cls.SIGIL)
+                400,
+                "Expected %s string to start with '%s'" % (cls.__name__, cls.SIGIL),
+                Codes.INVALID_PARAM,
             )
 
         parts = s[1:].split(":", 1)
@@ -179,6 +181,7 @@ class DomainSpecificString(namedtuple("DomainSpecificString", ("localpart", "dom
                 400,
                 "Expected %s of the form '%slocalname:domain'"
                 % (cls.__name__, cls.SIGIL),
+                Codes.INVALID_PARAM,
             )
 
         domain = parts[1]
@@ -235,11 +238,13 @@ class GroupID(DomainSpecificString):
     def from_string(cls, s):
         group_id = super(GroupID, cls).from_string(s)
         if not group_id.localpart:
-            raise SynapseError(400, "Group ID cannot be empty")
+            raise SynapseError(400, "Group ID cannot be empty", Codes.INVALID_PARAM)
 
         if contains_invalid_mxid_characters(group_id.localpart):
             raise SynapseError(
-                400, "Group ID can only contain characters a-z, 0-9, or '=_-./'"
+                400,
+                "Group ID can only contain characters a-z, 0-9, or '=_-./'",
+                Codes.INVALID_PARAM,
             )
 
         return group_id
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_directory.py b/tests/handlers/test_directory.py
index 27b916aed4..3397cfa485 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_directory.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_directory.py
@@ -88,6 +88,7 @@ class DirectoryTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         )
 
     def test_delete_alias_not_allowed(self):
+        """Removing an alias should be denied if a user does not have the proper permissions."""
         room_id = "!8765qwer:test"
         self.get_success(
             self.store.create_room_alias_association(self.my_room, room_id, ["test"])
@@ -101,6 +102,7 @@ class DirectoryTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         )
 
     def test_delete_alias(self):
+        """Removing an alias should work when a user does has the proper permissions."""
         room_id = "!8765qwer:test"
         user_id = "@user:test"
         self.get_success(
@@ -159,30 +161,42 @@ class CanonicalAliasTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         )
 
         self.test_alias = "#test:test"
-        self.room_alias = RoomAlias.from_string(self.test_alias)
+        self.room_alias = self._add_alias(self.test_alias)
+
+    def _add_alias(self, alias: str) -> RoomAlias:
+        """Add an alias to the test room."""
+        room_alias = RoomAlias.from_string(alias)
 
         # Create a new alias to this room.
         self.get_success(
             self.store.create_room_alias_association(
-                self.room_alias, self.room_id, ["test"], self.admin_user
+                room_alias, self.room_id, ["test"], self.admin_user
             )
         )
+        return room_alias
 
-    def test_remove_alias(self):
-        """Removing an alias that is the canonical alias should remove it there too."""
-        # Set this new alias as the canonical alias for this room
+    def _set_canonical_alias(self, content):
+        """Configure the canonical alias state on the room."""
         self.helper.send_state(
-            self.room_id,
-            "m.room.canonical_alias",
-            {"alias": self.test_alias, "alt_aliases": [self.test_alias]},
-            tok=self.admin_user_tok,
+            self.room_id, "m.room.canonical_alias", content, tok=self.admin_user_tok,
         )
 
-        data = self.get_success(
+    def _get_canonical_alias(self):
+        """Get the canonical alias state of the room."""
+        return self.get_success(
             self.state_handler.get_current_state(
                 self.room_id, EventTypes.CanonicalAlias, ""
             )
         )
+
+    def test_remove_alias(self):
+        """Removing an alias that is the canonical alias should remove it there too."""
+        # Set this new alias as the canonical alias for this room
+        self._set_canonical_alias(
+            {"alias": self.test_alias, "alt_aliases": [self.test_alias]}
+        )
+
+        data = self._get_canonical_alias()
         self.assertEqual(data["content"]["alias"], self.test_alias)
         self.assertEqual(data["content"]["alt_aliases"], [self.test_alias])
 
@@ -193,11 +207,7 @@ class CanonicalAliasTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
             )
         )
 
-        data = self.get_success(
-            self.state_handler.get_current_state(
-                self.room_id, EventTypes.CanonicalAlias, ""
-            )
-        )
+        data = self._get_canonical_alias()
         self.assertNotIn("alias", data["content"])
         self.assertNotIn("alt_aliases", data["content"])
 
@@ -205,29 +215,17 @@ class CanonicalAliasTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         """Removing an alias listed as in alt_aliases should remove it there too."""
         # Create a second alias.
         other_test_alias = "#test2:test"
-        other_room_alias = RoomAlias.from_string(other_test_alias)
-        self.get_success(
-            self.store.create_room_alias_association(
-                other_room_alias, self.room_id, ["test"], self.admin_user
-            )
-        )
+        other_room_alias = self._add_alias(other_test_alias)
 
         # Set the alias as the canonical alias for this room.
-        self.helper.send_state(
-            self.room_id,
-            "m.room.canonical_alias",
+        self._set_canonical_alias(
             {
                 "alias": self.test_alias,
                 "alt_aliases": [self.test_alias, other_test_alias],
-            },
-            tok=self.admin_user_tok,
+            }
         )
 
-        data = self.get_success(
-            self.state_handler.get_current_state(
-                self.room_id, EventTypes.CanonicalAlias, ""
-            )
-        )
+        data = self._get_canonical_alias()
         self.assertEqual(data["content"]["alias"], self.test_alias)
         self.assertEqual(
             data["content"]["alt_aliases"], [self.test_alias, other_test_alias]
@@ -240,11 +238,7 @@ class CanonicalAliasTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
             )
         )
 
-        data = self.get_success(
-            self.state_handler.get_current_state(
-                self.room_id, EventTypes.CanonicalAlias, ""
-            )
-        )
+        data = self._get_canonical_alias()
         self.assertEqual(data["content"]["alias"], self.test_alias)
         self.assertEqual(data["content"]["alt_aliases"], [self.test_alias])
 
diff --git a/tests/rest/client/v1/test_rooms.py b/tests/rest/client/v1/test_rooms.py
index 2f3df5f88f..7dd86d0c27 100644
--- a/tests/rest/client/v1/test_rooms.py
+++ b/tests/rest/client/v1/test_rooms.py
@@ -1821,3 +1821,163 @@ class RoomAliasListTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         )
         self.render(request)
         self.assertEqual(channel.code, expected_code, channel.result)
+
+
+class RoomCanonicalAliasTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
+    servlets = [
+        synapse.rest.admin.register_servlets_for_client_rest_resource,
+        directory.register_servlets,
+        login.register_servlets,
+        room.register_servlets,
+    ]
+
+    def prepare(self, reactor, clock, homeserver):
+        self.room_owner = self.register_user("room_owner", "test")
+        self.room_owner_tok = self.login("room_owner", "test")
+
+        self.room_id = self.helper.create_room_as(
+            self.room_owner, tok=self.room_owner_tok
+        )
+
+        self.alias = "#alias:test"
+        self._set_alias_via_directory(self.alias)
+
+    def _set_alias_via_directory(self, alias: str, expected_code: int = 200):
+        url = "/_matrix/client/r0/directory/room/" + alias
+        data = {"room_id": self.room_id}
+        request_data = json.dumps(data)
+
+        request, channel = self.make_request(
+            "PUT", url, request_data, access_token=self.room_owner_tok
+        )
+        self.render(request)
+        self.assertEqual(channel.code, expected_code, channel.result)
+
+    def _get_canonical_alias(self, expected_code: int = 200) -> JsonDict:
+        """Calls the endpoint under test. returns the json response object."""
+        request, channel = self.make_request(
+            "GET",
+            "rooms/%s/state/m.room.canonical_alias" % (self.room_id,),
+            access_token=self.room_owner_tok,
+        )
+        self.render(request)
+        self.assertEqual(channel.code, expected_code, channel.result)
+        res = channel.json_body
+        self.assertIsInstance(res, dict)
+        return res
+
+    def _set_canonical_alias(self, content: str, expected_code: int = 200) -> JsonDict:
+        """Calls the endpoint under test. returns the json response object."""
+        request, channel = self.make_request(
+            "PUT",
+            "rooms/%s/state/m.room.canonical_alias" % (self.room_id,),
+            json.dumps(content),
+            access_token=self.room_owner_tok,
+        )
+        self.render(request)
+        self.assertEqual(channel.code, expected_code, channel.result)
+        res = channel.json_body
+        self.assertIsInstance(res, dict)
+        return res
+
+    def test_canonical_alias(self):
+        """Test a basic alias message."""
+        # There is no canonical alias to start with.
+        self._get_canonical_alias(expected_code=404)
+
+        # Create an alias.
+        self._set_canonical_alias({"alias": self.alias})
+
+        # Canonical alias now exists!
+        res = self._get_canonical_alias()
+        self.assertEqual(res, {"alias": self.alias})
+
+        # Now remove the alias.
+        self._set_canonical_alias({})
+
+        # There is an alias event, but it is empty.
+        res = self._get_canonical_alias()
+        self.assertEqual(res, {})
+
+    def test_alt_aliases(self):
+        """Test a canonical alias message with alt_aliases."""
+        # Create an alias.
+        self._set_canonical_alias({"alt_aliases": [self.alias]})
+
+        # Canonical alias now exists!
+        res = self._get_canonical_alias()
+        self.assertEqual(res, {"alt_aliases": [self.alias]})
+
+        # Now remove the alt_aliases.
+        self._set_canonical_alias({})
+
+        # There is an alias event, but it is empty.
+        res = self._get_canonical_alias()
+        self.assertEqual(res, {})
+
+    def test_alias_alt_aliases(self):
+        """Test a canonical alias message with an alias and alt_aliases."""
+        # Create an alias.
+        self._set_canonical_alias({"alias": self.alias, "alt_aliases": [self.alias]})
+
+        # Canonical alias now exists!
+        res = self._get_canonical_alias()
+        self.assertEqual(res, {"alias": self.alias, "alt_aliases": [self.alias]})
+
+        # Now remove the alias and alt_aliases.
+        self._set_canonical_alias({})
+
+        # There is an alias event, but it is empty.
+        res = self._get_canonical_alias()
+        self.assertEqual(res, {})
+
+    def test_partial_modify(self):
+        """Test removing only the alt_aliases."""
+        # Create an alias.
+        self._set_canonical_alias({"alias": self.alias, "alt_aliases": [self.alias]})
+
+        # Canonical alias now exists!
+        res = self._get_canonical_alias()
+        self.assertEqual(res, {"alias": self.alias, "alt_aliases": [self.alias]})
+
+        # Now remove the alt_aliases.
+        self._set_canonical_alias({"alias": self.alias})
+
+        # There is an alias event, but it is empty.
+        res = self._get_canonical_alias()
+        self.assertEqual(res, {"alias": self.alias})
+
+    def test_add_alias(self):
+        """Test removing only the alt_aliases."""
+        # Create an additional alias.
+        second_alias = "#second:test"
+        self._set_alias_via_directory(second_alias)
+
+        # Add the canonical alias.
+        self._set_canonical_alias({"alias": self.alias, "alt_aliases": [self.alias]})
+
+        # Then add the second alias.
+        self._set_canonical_alias(
+            {"alias": self.alias, "alt_aliases": [self.alias, second_alias]}
+        )
+
+        # Canonical alias now exists!
+        res = self._get_canonical_alias()
+        self.assertEqual(
+            res, {"alias": self.alias, "alt_aliases": [self.alias, second_alias]}
+        )
+
+    def test_bad_data(self):
+        """Invalid data for alt_aliases should cause errors."""
+        self._set_canonical_alias({"alt_aliases": "@bad:test"}, expected_code=400)
+        self._set_canonical_alias({"alt_aliases": None}, expected_code=400)
+        self._set_canonical_alias({"alt_aliases": 0}, expected_code=400)
+        self._set_canonical_alias({"alt_aliases": 1}, expected_code=400)
+        self._set_canonical_alias({"alt_aliases": False}, expected_code=400)
+        self._set_canonical_alias({"alt_aliases": True}, expected_code=400)
+        self._set_canonical_alias({"alt_aliases": {}}, expected_code=400)
+
+    def test_bad_alias(self):
+        """An alias which does not point to the room raises a SynapseError."""
+        self._set_canonical_alias({"alias": "@unknown:test"}, expected_code=400)
+        self._set_canonical_alias({"alt_aliases": ["@unknown:test"]}, expected_code=400)
diff --git a/tests/test_types.py b/tests/test_types.py
index 8d97c751ea..480bea1bdc 100644
--- a/tests/test_types.py
+++ b/tests/test_types.py
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ class GroupIDTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
                 self.fail("Parsing '%s' should raise exception" % id_string)
             except SynapseError as exc:
                 self.assertEqual(400, exc.code)
-                self.assertEqual("M_UNKNOWN", exc.errcode)
+                self.assertEqual("M_INVALID_PARAM", exc.errcode)
 
 
 class MapUsernameTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
-- 
cgit 1.5.1


From 13892776ef7e0b1af2f82c9ca53f7bbd1c60d66f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Patrick Cloke <clokep@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 4 Mar 2020 11:30:46 -0500
Subject: Allow deleting an alias if the user has sufficient power level
 (#6986)

---
 changelog.d/6986.feature         |   1 +
 synapse/api/auth.py              |   9 +--
 synapse/handlers/directory.py    | 107 ++++++++++++++++++++++----------
 tests/handlers/test_directory.py | 128 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--------
 tox.ini                          |   1 +
 5 files changed, 182 insertions(+), 64 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 changelog.d/6986.feature

(limited to 'tests/handlers')

diff --git a/changelog.d/6986.feature b/changelog.d/6986.feature
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..16dea8bd7f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/6986.feature
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Users with a power level sufficient to modify the canonical alias of a room can now delete room aliases.
diff --git a/synapse/api/auth.py b/synapse/api/auth.py
index 5ca18b4301..c1ade1333b 100644
--- a/synapse/api/auth.py
+++ b/synapse/api/auth.py
@@ -539,7 +539,7 @@ class Auth(object):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def check_can_change_room_list(self, room_id: str, user: UserID):
-        """Check if the user is allowed to edit the room's entry in the
+        """Determine whether the user is allowed to edit the room's entry in the
         published room list.
 
         Args:
@@ -570,12 +570,7 @@ class Auth(object):
         )
         user_level = event_auth.get_user_power_level(user_id, auth_events)
 
-        if user_level < send_level:
-            raise AuthError(
-                403,
-                "This server requires you to be a moderator in the room to"
-                " edit its room list entry",
-            )
+        return user_level >= send_level
 
     @staticmethod
     def has_access_token(request):
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/directory.py b/synapse/handlers/directory.py
index 61eb49059b..1d842c369b 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/directory.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/directory.py
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 
 import logging
 import string
-from typing import List
+from typing import Iterable, List, Optional
 
 from twisted.internet import defer
 
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ from synapse.api.errors import (
     StoreError,
     SynapseError,
 )
+from synapse.appservice import ApplicationService
 from synapse.types import Requester, RoomAlias, UserID, get_domain_from_id
 
 from ._base import BaseHandler
@@ -55,7 +56,13 @@ class DirectoryHandler(BaseHandler):
         self.spam_checker = hs.get_spam_checker()
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _create_association(self, room_alias, room_id, servers=None, creator=None):
+    def _create_association(
+        self,
+        room_alias: RoomAlias,
+        room_id: str,
+        servers: Optional[Iterable[str]] = None,
+        creator: Optional[str] = None,
+    ):
         # general association creation for both human users and app services
 
         for wchar in string.whitespace:
@@ -81,17 +88,21 @@ class DirectoryHandler(BaseHandler):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def create_association(
-        self, requester, room_alias, room_id, servers=None, check_membership=True,
+        self,
+        requester: Requester,
+        room_alias: RoomAlias,
+        room_id: str,
+        servers: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        check_membership: bool = True,
     ):
         """Attempt to create a new alias
 
         Args:
-            requester (Requester)
-            room_alias (RoomAlias)
-            room_id (str)
-            servers (list[str]|None): List of servers that others servers
-                should try and join via
-            check_membership (bool): Whether to check if the user is in the room
+            requester
+            room_alias
+            room_id
+            servers: Iterable of servers that others servers should try and join via
+            check_membership: Whether to check if the user is in the room
                 before the alias can be set (if the server's config requires it).
 
         Returns:
@@ -145,15 +156,15 @@ class DirectoryHandler(BaseHandler):
         yield self._create_association(room_alias, room_id, servers, creator=user_id)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def delete_association(self, requester, room_alias):
+    def delete_association(self, requester: Requester, room_alias: RoomAlias):
         """Remove an alias from the directory
 
         (this is only meant for human users; AS users should call
         delete_appservice_association)
 
         Args:
-            requester (Requester):
-            room_alias (RoomAlias):
+            requester
+            room_alias
 
         Returns:
             Deferred[unicode]: room id that the alias used to point to
@@ -189,16 +200,16 @@ class DirectoryHandler(BaseHandler):
         room_id = yield self._delete_association(room_alias)
 
         try:
-            yield self._update_canonical_alias(
-                requester, requester.user.to_string(), room_id, room_alias
-            )
+            yield self._update_canonical_alias(requester, user_id, room_id, room_alias)
         except AuthError as e:
             logger.info("Failed to update alias events: %s", e)
 
         return room_id
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def delete_appservice_association(self, service, room_alias):
+    def delete_appservice_association(
+        self, service: ApplicationService, room_alias: RoomAlias
+    ):
         if not service.is_interested_in_alias(room_alias.to_string()):
             raise SynapseError(
                 400,
@@ -208,7 +219,7 @@ class DirectoryHandler(BaseHandler):
         yield self._delete_association(room_alias)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _delete_association(self, room_alias):
+    def _delete_association(self, room_alias: RoomAlias):
         if not self.hs.is_mine(room_alias):
             raise SynapseError(400, "Room alias must be local")
 
@@ -217,7 +228,7 @@ class DirectoryHandler(BaseHandler):
         return room_id
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_association(self, room_alias):
+    def get_association(self, room_alias: RoomAlias):
         room_id = None
         if self.hs.is_mine(room_alias):
             result = yield self.get_association_from_room_alias(room_alias)
@@ -282,7 +293,9 @@ class DirectoryHandler(BaseHandler):
             )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _update_canonical_alias(self, requester, user_id, room_id, room_alias):
+    def _update_canonical_alias(
+        self, requester: Requester, user_id: str, room_id: str, room_alias: RoomAlias
+    ):
         """
         Send an updated canonical alias event if the removed alias was set as
         the canonical alias or listed in the alt_aliases field.
@@ -331,7 +344,7 @@ class DirectoryHandler(BaseHandler):
             )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_association_from_room_alias(self, room_alias):
+    def get_association_from_room_alias(self, room_alias: RoomAlias):
         result = yield self.store.get_association_from_room_alias(room_alias)
         if not result:
             # Query AS to see if it exists
@@ -339,7 +352,7 @@ class DirectoryHandler(BaseHandler):
             result = yield as_handler.query_room_alias_exists(room_alias)
         return result
 
-    def can_modify_alias(self, alias, user_id=None):
+    def can_modify_alias(self, alias: RoomAlias, user_id: Optional[str] = None):
         # Any application service "interested" in an alias they are regexing on
         # can modify the alias.
         # Users can only modify the alias if ALL the interested services have
@@ -360,22 +373,42 @@ class DirectoryHandler(BaseHandler):
         return defer.succeed(True)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _user_can_delete_alias(self, alias, user_id):
+    def _user_can_delete_alias(self, alias: RoomAlias, user_id: str):
+        """Determine whether a user can delete an alias.
+
+        One of the following must be true:
+
+        1. The user created the alias.
+        2. The user is a server administrator.
+        3. The user has a power-level sufficient to send a canonical alias event
+           for the current room.
+
+        """
         creator = yield self.store.get_room_alias_creator(alias.to_string())
 
         if creator is not None and creator == user_id:
             return True
 
-        is_admin = yield self.auth.is_server_admin(UserID.from_string(user_id))
-        return is_admin
+        # Resolve the alias to the corresponding room.
+        room_mapping = yield self.get_association(alias)
+        room_id = room_mapping["room_id"]
+        if not room_id:
+            return False
+
+        res = yield self.auth.check_can_change_room_list(
+            room_id, UserID.from_string(user_id)
+        )
+        return res
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def edit_published_room_list(self, requester, room_id, visibility):
+    def edit_published_room_list(
+        self, requester: Requester, room_id: str, visibility: str
+    ):
         """Edit the entry of the room in the published room list.
 
         requester
-        room_id (str)
-        visibility (str): "public" or "private"
+        room_id
+        visibility: "public" or "private"
         """
         user_id = requester.user.to_string()
 
@@ -400,7 +433,15 @@ class DirectoryHandler(BaseHandler):
         if room is None:
             raise SynapseError(400, "Unknown room")
 
-        yield self.auth.check_can_change_room_list(room_id, requester.user)
+        can_change_room_list = yield self.auth.check_can_change_room_list(
+            room_id, requester.user
+        )
+        if not can_change_room_list:
+            raise AuthError(
+                403,
+                "This server requires you to be a moderator in the room to"
+                " edit its room list entry",
+            )
 
         making_public = visibility == "public"
         if making_public:
@@ -421,16 +462,16 @@ class DirectoryHandler(BaseHandler):
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def edit_published_appservice_room_list(
-        self, appservice_id, network_id, room_id, visibility
+        self, appservice_id: str, network_id: str, room_id: str, visibility: str
     ):
         """Add or remove a room from the appservice/network specific public
         room list.
 
         Args:
-            appservice_id (str): ID of the appservice that owns the list
-            network_id (str): The ID of the network the list is associated with
-            room_id (str)
-            visibility (str): either "public" or "private"
+            appservice_id: ID of the appservice that owns the list
+            network_id: The ID of the network the list is associated with
+            room_id
+            visibility: either "public" or "private"
         """
         if visibility not in ["public", "private"]:
             raise SynapseError(400, "Invalid visibility setting")
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_directory.py b/tests/handlers/test_directory.py
index 3397cfa485..5e40adba52 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_directory.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_directory.py
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ from mock import Mock
 
 from twisted.internet import defer
 
+import synapse
 import synapse.api.errors
 from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes
 from synapse.config.room_directory import RoomDirectoryConfig
@@ -87,52 +88,131 @@ class DirectoryTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
             ignore_backoff=True,
         )
 
-    def test_delete_alias_not_allowed(self):
-        """Removing an alias should be denied if a user does not have the proper permissions."""
-        room_id = "!8765qwer:test"
+    def test_incoming_fed_query(self):
+        self.get_success(
+            self.store.create_room_alias_association(
+                self.your_room, "!8765asdf:test", ["test"]
+            )
+        )
+
+        response = self.get_success(
+            self.handler.on_directory_query({"room_alias": "#your-room:test"})
+        )
+
+        self.assertEquals({"room_id": "!8765asdf:test", "servers": ["test"]}, response)
+
+
+class TestDeleteAlias(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
+    servlets = [
+        synapse.rest.admin.register_servlets,
+        login.register_servlets,
+        room.register_servlets,
+        directory.register_servlets,
+    ]
+
+    def prepare(self, reactor, clock, hs):
+        self.store = hs.get_datastore()
+        self.handler = hs.get_handlers().directory_handler
+        self.state_handler = hs.get_state_handler()
+
+        # Create user
+        self.admin_user = self.register_user("admin", "pass", admin=True)
+        self.admin_user_tok = self.login("admin", "pass")
+
+        # Create a test room
+        self.room_id = self.helper.create_room_as(
+            self.admin_user, tok=self.admin_user_tok
+        )
+
+        self.test_alias = "#test:test"
+        self.room_alias = RoomAlias.from_string(self.test_alias)
+
+        # Create a test user.
+        self.test_user = self.register_user("user", "pass", admin=False)
+        self.test_user_tok = self.login("user", "pass")
+        self.helper.join(room=self.room_id, user=self.test_user, tok=self.test_user_tok)
+
+    def _create_alias(self, user):
+        # Create a new alias to this room.
         self.get_success(
-            self.store.create_room_alias_association(self.my_room, room_id, ["test"])
+            self.store.create_room_alias_association(
+                self.room_alias, self.room_id, ["test"], user
+            )
         )
 
+    def test_delete_alias_not_allowed(self):
+        """A user that doesn't meet the expected guidelines cannot delete an alias."""
+        self._create_alias(self.admin_user)
         self.get_failure(
             self.handler.delete_association(
-                create_requester("@user:test"), self.my_room
+                create_requester(self.test_user), self.room_alias
             ),
             synapse.api.errors.AuthError,
         )
 
-    def test_delete_alias(self):
-        """Removing an alias should work when a user does has the proper permissions."""
-        room_id = "!8765qwer:test"
-        user_id = "@user:test"
-        self.get_success(
-            self.store.create_room_alias_association(
-                self.my_room, room_id, ["test"], user_id
+    def test_delete_alias_creator(self):
+        """An alias creator can delete their own alias."""
+        # Create an alias from a different user.
+        self._create_alias(self.test_user)
+
+        # Delete the user's alias.
+        result = self.get_success(
+            self.handler.delete_association(
+                create_requester(self.test_user), self.room_alias
             )
         )
+        self.assertEquals(self.room_id, result)
 
+        # Confirm the alias is gone.
+        self.get_failure(
+            self.handler.get_association(self.room_alias),
+            synapse.api.errors.SynapseError,
+        )
+
+    def test_delete_alias_admin(self):
+        """A server admin can delete an alias created by another user."""
+        # Create an alias from a different user.
+        self._create_alias(self.test_user)
+
+        # Delete the user's alias as the admin.
         result = self.get_success(
-            self.handler.delete_association(create_requester(user_id), self.my_room)
+            self.handler.delete_association(
+                create_requester(self.admin_user), self.room_alias
+            )
         )
-        self.assertEquals(room_id, result)
+        self.assertEquals(self.room_id, result)
 
-        # The alias should not be found.
+        # Confirm the alias is gone.
         self.get_failure(
-            self.handler.get_association(self.my_room), synapse.api.errors.SynapseError
+            self.handler.get_association(self.room_alias),
+            synapse.api.errors.SynapseError,
         )
 
-    def test_incoming_fed_query(self):
-        self.get_success(
-            self.store.create_room_alias_association(
-                self.your_room, "!8765asdf:test", ["test"]
-            )
+    def test_delete_alias_sufficient_power(self):
+        """A user with a sufficient power level should be able to delete an alias."""
+        self._create_alias(self.admin_user)
+
+        # Increase the user's power level.
+        self.helper.send_state(
+            self.room_id,
+            "m.room.power_levels",
+            {"users": {self.test_user: 100}},
+            tok=self.admin_user_tok,
         )
 
-        response = self.get_success(
-            self.handler.on_directory_query({"room_alias": "#your-room:test"})
+        # They can now delete the alias.
+        result = self.get_success(
+            self.handler.delete_association(
+                create_requester(self.test_user), self.room_alias
+            )
         )
+        self.assertEquals(self.room_id, result)
 
-        self.assertEquals({"room_id": "!8765asdf:test", "servers": ["test"]}, response)
+        # Confirm the alias is gone.
+        self.get_failure(
+            self.handler.get_association(self.room_alias),
+            synapse.api.errors.SynapseError,
+        )
 
 
 class CanonicalAliasTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
diff --git a/tox.ini b/tox.ini
index 097ebb8774..7622aa19f1 100644
--- a/tox.ini
+++ b/tox.ini
@@ -185,6 +185,7 @@ commands = mypy \
             synapse/federation/federation_client.py \
             synapse/federation/sender \
             synapse/federation/transport \
+            synapse/handlers/directory.py \
             synapse/handlers/presence.py \
             synapse/handlers/sync.py \
             synapse/handlers/ui_auth \
-- 
cgit 1.5.1


From e66bbf7a9db5cbd94ecd59b8375ab398d6951344 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Andrew Morgan <1342360+anoadragon453@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 22 Apr 2020 14:23:10 +0100
Subject: Fix and refactor rewritten IS url feature. Add sample config docs
 (#40)

---
 docs/sample_config.yaml         |   7 ++
 synapse/config/registration.py  |  11 ++-
 synapse/handlers/identity.py    | 155 +++++++++++++++++++---------------------
 tests/handlers/test_identity.py |   7 +-
 4 files changed, 92 insertions(+), 88 deletions(-)

(limited to 'tests/handlers')

diff --git a/docs/sample_config.yaml b/docs/sample_config.yaml
index 34bdc3759f..274658bfb2 100644
--- a/docs/sample_config.yaml
+++ b/docs/sample_config.yaml
@@ -1221,6 +1221,13 @@ account_threepid_delegates:
 #
 #autocreate_auto_join_rooms: true
 
+# Rewrite identity server URLs with a map from one URL to another. Applies to URLs
+# provided by clients (which have https:// prepended) and those specified
+# in `account_threepid_delegates`. URLs should not feature a trailing slash.
+#
+#rewrite_identity_server_urls:
+#   "https://somewhere.example.com": "https://somewhereelse.example.com"
+
 
 ## Metrics ###
 
diff --git a/synapse/config/registration.py b/synapse/config/registration.py
index 426c0fecef..4bf5bbaa17 100644
--- a/synapse/config/registration.py
+++ b/synapse/config/registration.py
@@ -163,8 +163,8 @@ class RegistrationConfig(Config):
 
         self.shadow_server = config.get("shadow_server", None)
         self.rewrite_identity_server_urls = config.get(
-            "rewrite_identity_server_urls", {}
-        )
+            "rewrite_identity_server_urls"
+        ) or {}
 
         self.disable_msisdn_registration = config.get(
             "disable_msisdn_registration", False
@@ -432,6 +432,13 @@ class RegistrationConfig(Config):
         # users cannot be auto-joined since they do not exist.
         #
         #autocreate_auto_join_rooms: true
+
+        # Rewrite identity server URLs with a map from one URL to another. Applies to URLs
+        # provided by clients (which have https:// prepended) and those specified
+        # in `account_threepid_delegates`. URLs should not feature a trailing slash.
+        #
+        #rewrite_identity_server_urls:
+        #   "https://somewhere.example.com": "https://somewhereelse.example.com"
         """
             % locals()
         )
diff --git a/synapse/handlers/identity.py b/synapse/handlers/identity.py
index 6c369b78aa..e8a6cf7788 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/identity.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/identity.py
@@ -45,8 +45,6 @@ from ._base import BaseHandler
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
-id_server_scheme = "https://"
-
 
 class IdentityHandler(BaseHandler):
     def __init__(self, hs):
@@ -69,13 +67,13 @@ class IdentityHandler(BaseHandler):
         self._enable_lookup = hs.config.enable_3pid_lookup
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def threepid_from_creds(self, id_server, creds):
+    def threepid_from_creds(self, id_server_url, creds):
         """
         Retrieve and validate a threepid identifier from a "credentials" dictionary against a
         given identity server
 
         Args:
-            id_server (str): The identity server to validate 3PIDs against. Must be a
+            id_server_url (str): The identity server to validate 3PIDs against. Must be a
                 complete URL including the protocol (http(s)://)
 
             creds (dict[str, str]): Dictionary containing the following keys:
@@ -104,10 +102,10 @@ class IdentityHandler(BaseHandler):
 
         # if we have a rewrite rule set for the identity server,
         # apply it now.
-        id_server = self.rewrite_id_server_url(id_server)
+        id_server_url = self.rewrite_id_server_url(id_server_url)
 
-        url = "https://%s%s" % (
-            id_server,
+        url = "%s%s" % (
+            id_server_url,
             "/_matrix/identity/api/v1/3pid/getValidated3pid",
         )
 
@@ -118,7 +116,7 @@ class IdentityHandler(BaseHandler):
         except HttpResponseException as e:
             logger.info(
                 "%s returned %i for threepid validation for: %s",
-                id_server,
+                id_server_url,
                 e.code,
                 creds,
             )
@@ -132,7 +130,7 @@ class IdentityHandler(BaseHandler):
         if "medium" in data:
             return data
 
-        logger.info("%s reported non-validated threepid: %s", id_server, creds)
+        logger.info("%s reported non-validated threepid: %s", id_server_url, creds)
         return None
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -167,18 +165,18 @@ class IdentityHandler(BaseHandler):
         # if we have a rewrite rule set for the identity server,
         # apply it now, but only for sending the request (not
         # storing in the database).
-        id_server_host = self.rewrite_id_server_url(id_server)
+        id_server_url = self.rewrite_id_server_url(id_server, add_https=True)
 
         # Decide which API endpoint URLs to use
         headers = {}
         bind_data = {"sid": sid, "client_secret": client_secret, "mxid": mxid}
         if use_v2:
-            bind_url = "https://%s/_matrix/identity/v2/3pid/bind" % (id_server_host,)
+            bind_url = "%s/_matrix/identity/v2/3pid/bind" % (id_server_url,)
             headers["Authorization"] = create_id_access_token_header(
                 id_access_token
             )
         else:
-            bind_url = "https://%s/_matrix/identity/api/v1/3pid/bind" % (id_server_host,)
+            bind_url = "%s/_matrix/identity/api/v1/3pid/bind" % (id_server_url,)
 
         try:
             # Use the blacklisting http client as this call is only to identity servers
@@ -265,9 +263,6 @@ class IdentityHandler(BaseHandler):
             Deferred[bool]: True on success, otherwise False if the identity
             server doesn't support unbinding
         """
-        url = "https://%s/_matrix/identity/api/v1/3pid/unbind" % (id_server,)
-        url_bytes = "/_matrix/identity/api/v1/3pid/unbind".encode("ascii")
-
         content = {
             "mxid": mxid,
             "threepid": {"medium": threepid["medium"], "address": threepid["address"]},
@@ -276,6 +271,7 @@ class IdentityHandler(BaseHandler):
         # we abuse the federation http client to sign the request, but we have to send it
         # using the normal http client since we don't want the SRV lookup and want normal
         # 'browser-like' HTTPS.
+        url_bytes = "/_matrix/identity/api/v1/3pid/unbind".encode("ascii")
         auth_headers = self.federation_http_client.build_auth_headers(
             destination=None,
             method="POST",
@@ -290,9 +286,9 @@ class IdentityHandler(BaseHandler):
         #
         # Note that destination_is has to be the real id_server, not
         # the server we connect to.
-        id_server = self.rewrite_id_server_url(id_server)
+        id_server_url = self.rewrite_id_server_url(id_server, add_https=True)
 
-        url = "https://%s/_matrix/identity/api/v1/3pid/unbind" % (id_server,)
+        url = "%s/_matrix/identity/api/v1/3pid/unbind" % (id_server_url,)
 
         try:
             # Use the blacklisting http client as this call is only to identity servers
@@ -408,33 +404,33 @@ class IdentityHandler(BaseHandler):
 
         return session_id
 
-    def rewrite_id_server_url(self, url: str) -> str:
-        """Given an identity server URL, rewrite it according to the
-        rewrite_identity_server_urls config option
+    def rewrite_id_server_url(self, url: str, add_https=False) -> str:
+        """Given an identity server URL, optionally add a protocol scheme
+        before rewriting it according to the rewrite_identity_server_urls
+        config option
 
-        First removes the protocol scheme from the URL if provided.
-        Then checks for a rewritten URL. If found, returns the new URL.
-        Otherwise, returns the original URL.
+        Adds https:// to the URL if specified, then tries to rewrite the
+        url. Returns either the rewritten URL or the URL with optional
+        protocol scheme additions.
         """
         rewritten_url = url
-        if url.startswith("http://"):
-            rewritten_url = url[7:]
-        elif url.startswith("https://"):
-            rewritten_url = url[8:]
-
-        return self.rewrite_identity_server_urls.get(rewritten_url, url)
+        if add_https:
+            rewritten_url = "https://" + rewritten_url
 
+        rewritten_url = self.rewrite_identity_server_urls.get(rewritten_url, rewritten_url)
+        logger.debug("Rewriting identity server rule from %s to %s", url, rewritten_url)
+        return rewritten_url
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def requestEmailToken(
-        self, id_server, email, client_secret, send_attempt, next_link=None
+        self, id_server_url, email, client_secret, send_attempt, next_link=None
     ):
         """
         Request an external server send an email on our behalf for the purposes of threepid
         validation.
 
         Args:
-            id_server (str): The identity server to proxy to
+            id_server_url (str): The identity server to proxy to
             email (str): The email to send the message to
             client_secret (str): The unique client_secret sends by the user
             send_attempt (int): Which attempt this is
@@ -451,7 +447,7 @@ class IdentityHandler(BaseHandler):
 
         # if we have a rewrite rule set for the identity server,
         # apply it now.
-        id_server = self.rewrite_id_server_url(id_server)
+        id_server_url = self.rewrite_id_server_url(id_server_url)
 
         if next_link:
             params["next_link"] = next_link
@@ -467,7 +463,7 @@ class IdentityHandler(BaseHandler):
 
         try:
             data = yield self.http_client.post_json_get_json(
-                id_server + "/_matrix/identity/api/v1/validate/email/requestToken",
+                "%s/_matrix/identity/api/v1/validate/email/requestToken" % (id_server_url,),
                 params,
             )
             return data
@@ -480,7 +476,7 @@ class IdentityHandler(BaseHandler):
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def requestMsisdnToken(
         self,
-        id_server,
+        id_server_url,
         country,
         phone_number,
         client_secret,
@@ -491,7 +487,7 @@ class IdentityHandler(BaseHandler):
         Request an external server send an SMS message on our behalf for the purposes of
         threepid validation.
         Args:
-            id_server (str): The identity server to proxy to
+            id_server_url (str): The identity server to proxy to
             country (str): The country code of the phone number
             phone_number (str): The number to send the message to
             client_secret (str): The unique client_secret sends by the user
@@ -521,10 +517,10 @@ class IdentityHandler(BaseHandler):
 
         # if we have a rewrite rule set for the identity server,
         # apply it now.
-        id_server = self.rewrite_id_server_url(id_server)
+        id_server_url = self.rewrite_id_server_url(id_server_url)
         try:
             data = yield self.http_client.post_json_get_json(
-                id_server + "/_matrix/identity/api/v1/validate/msisdn/requestToken",
+                "%s/_matrix/identity/api/v1/validate/msisdn/requestToken" % (id_server_url,),
                 params,
             )
         except HttpResponseException as e:
@@ -646,11 +642,11 @@ class IdentityHandler(BaseHandler):
                 403, "Looking up third-party identifiers is denied from this server"
             )
 
-        target = self.rewrite_id_server_url(id_server)
+        id_server_url = self.rewrite_id_server_url(id_server, add_https=True)
 
         try:
             data = yield self.http_client.get_json(
-                "https://%s/_matrix/identity/api/v1/lookup" % (target,),
+                "%s/_matrix/identity/api/v1/lookup" % (id_server_url,),
                 {"medium": medium, "address": address},
             )
 
@@ -663,7 +659,7 @@ class IdentityHandler(BaseHandler):
             logger.info("Proxied lookup failed: %r", e)
             raise e.to_synapse_error()
         except IOError as e:
-            logger.info("Failed to contact %r: %s", id_server, e)
+            logger.info("Failed to contact %s: %s", id_server, e)
             raise ProxiedRequestError(503, "Failed to contact identity server")
 
         defer.returnValue(data)
@@ -688,11 +684,11 @@ class IdentityHandler(BaseHandler):
                 403, "Looking up third-party identifiers is denied from this server"
             )
 
-        target = self.rewrite_id_server_url(id_server)
+        id_server_url = self.rewrite_id_server_url(id_server, add_https=True)
 
         try:
             data = yield self.http_client.post_json_get_json(
-                "https://%s/_matrix/identity/api/v1/bulk_lookup" % (target,),
+                "%s/_matrix/identity/api/v1/bulk_lookup" % (id_server_url,),
                 {"threepids": threepids},
             )
 
@@ -700,7 +696,7 @@ class IdentityHandler(BaseHandler):
             logger.info("Proxied lookup failed: %r", e)
             raise e.to_synapse_error()
         except IOError as e:
-            logger.info("Failed to contact %r: %s", id_server, e)
+            logger.info("Failed to contact %s: %s", id_server, e)
             raise ProxiedRequestError(503, "Failed to contact identity server")
 
         defer.returnValue(data)
@@ -721,12 +717,12 @@ class IdentityHandler(BaseHandler):
             str|None: the matrix ID of the 3pid, or None if it is not recognized.
         """
         # Rewrite id_server URL if necessary
-        id_server_url = self.rewrite_id_server_url(id_server)
+        id_server_url = self.rewrite_id_server_url(id_server, add_https=True)
 
         if id_access_token is not None:
             try:
                 results = yield self._lookup_3pid_v2(
-                    id_server, id_server_url, id_access_token, medium, address
+                    id_server_url, id_access_token, medium, address
                 )
                 return results
 
@@ -762,7 +758,7 @@ class IdentityHandler(BaseHandler):
         """
         try:
             data = yield self.http_client.get_json(
-                "%s%s/_matrix/identity/api/v1/lookup" % (id_server_scheme, id_server_url),
+                "%s/_matrix/identity/api/v1/lookup" % (id_server_url,),
                 {"medium": medium, "address": address},
             )
 
@@ -779,13 +775,11 @@ class IdentityHandler(BaseHandler):
         return None
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _lookup_3pid_v2(self, id_server, id_server_url, id_access_token, medium, address):
+    def _lookup_3pid_v2(self, id_server_url, id_access_token, medium, address):
         """Looks up a 3pid in the passed identity server using v2 lookup.
 
         Args:
-            id_server (str): The server name (including port, if required)
-                of the identity server to use.
-            id_server_url (str): The actual, reachable domain of the id server
+            id_server_url (str): The protocol scheme and domain of the id server
             id_access_token (str): The access token to authenticate to the identity server with
             medium (str): The type of the third party identifier (e.g. "email").
             address (str): The third party identifier (e.g. "foo@example.com").
@@ -796,7 +790,7 @@ class IdentityHandler(BaseHandler):
         # Check what hashing details are supported by this identity server
         try:
             hash_details = yield self.http_client.get_json(
-                "%s%s/_matrix/identity/v2/hash_details" % (id_server_scheme, id_server_url),
+                "%s/_matrix/identity/v2/hash_details" % (id_server_url,),
                 {"access_token": id_access_token},
             )
         except TimeoutError:
@@ -804,15 +798,14 @@ class IdentityHandler(BaseHandler):
 
         if not isinstance(hash_details, dict):
             logger.warning(
-                "Got non-dict object when checking hash details of %s%s: %s",
-                id_server_scheme,
-                id_server,
+                "Got non-dict object when checking hash details of %s: %s",
+                id_server_url,
                 hash_details,
             )
             raise SynapseError(
                 400,
-                "Non-dict object from %s%s during v2 hash_details request: %s"
-                % (id_server_scheme, id_server, hash_details),
+                "Non-dict object from %s during v2 hash_details request: %s"
+                % (id_server_url, hash_details),
                 )
 
         # Extract information from hash_details
@@ -826,8 +819,8 @@ class IdentityHandler(BaseHandler):
         ):
             raise SynapseError(
                 400,
-                "Invalid hash details received from identity server %s%s: %s"
-                % (id_server_scheme, id_server, hash_details),
+                "Invalid hash details received from identity server %s: %s"
+                % (id_server_url, hash_details),
                 )
 
         # Check if any of the supported lookup algorithms are present
@@ -849,7 +842,7 @@ class IdentityHandler(BaseHandler):
         else:
             logger.warning(
                 "None of the provided lookup algorithms of %s are supported: %s",
-                id_server,
+                id_server_url,
                 supported_lookup_algorithms,
             )
             raise SynapseError(
@@ -863,7 +856,7 @@ class IdentityHandler(BaseHandler):
 
         try:
             lookup_results = yield self.http_client.post_json_get_json(
-                "%s%s/_matrix/identity/v2/lookup" % (id_server_scheme, id_server_url),
+                "%s/_matrix/identity/v2/lookup" % (id_server_url,),
                 {
                     "addresses": [lookup_value],
                     "algorithm": lookup_algorithm,
@@ -891,30 +884,30 @@ class IdentityHandler(BaseHandler):
         return mxid
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def _verify_any_signature(self, data, server_hostname):
-        if server_hostname not in data["signatures"]:
-            raise AuthError(401, "No signature from server %s" % (server_hostname,))
+    def _verify_any_signature(self, data, id_server):
+        if id_server not in data["signatures"]:
+            raise AuthError(401, "No signature from server %s" % (id_server,))
 
-        for key_name, signature in data["signatures"][server_hostname].items():
-            target = self.rewrite_id_server_url(server_hostname)
+        for key_name, signature in data["signatures"][id_server].items():
+            id_server_url = self.rewrite_id_server_url(id_server, add_https=True)
 
             key_data = yield self.http_client.get_json(
-                "https://%s/_matrix/identity/api/v1/pubkey/%s" % (target, key_name)
+                "%s/_matrix/identity/api/v1/pubkey/%s" % (id_server_url, key_name)
             )
             if "public_key" not in key_data:
                 raise AuthError(
-                    401, "No public key named %s from %s" % (key_name, server_hostname)
+                    401, "No public key named %s from %s" % (key_name, id_server)
                 )
             verify_signed_json(
                 data,
-                server_hostname,
+                id_server,
                 decode_verify_key_bytes(
                     key_name, decode_base64(key_data["public_key"])
                 ),
             )
             return
 
-        raise AuthError(401, "No signature from server %s" % (server_hostname,))
+        raise AuthError(401, "No signature from server %s" % (id_server,))
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def ask_id_server_for_third_party_invite(
@@ -977,17 +970,16 @@ class IdentityHandler(BaseHandler):
         }
 
         # Rewrite the identity server URL if necessary
-        id_server = self.rewrite_id_server_url(id_server)
+        id_server_url = self.rewrite_id_server_url(id_server, add_https=True)
 
         # Add the identity service access token to the JSON body and use the v2
         # Identity Service endpoints if id_access_token is present
         data = None
-        base_url = "%s%s/_matrix/identity" % (id_server_scheme, id_server)
+        base_url = "%s/_matrix/identity" % (id_server_url,)
 
         if id_access_token:
-            key_validity_url = "%s%s/_matrix/identity/v2/pubkey/isvalid" % (
-                id_server_scheme,
-                id_server,
+            key_validity_url = "%s/_matrix/identity/v2/pubkey/isvalid" % (
+                id_server_url,
             )
 
             # Attempt a v2 lookup
@@ -1006,9 +998,8 @@ class IdentityHandler(BaseHandler):
                     raise e
 
         if data is None:
-            key_validity_url = "%s%s/_matrix/identity/api/v1/pubkey/isvalid" % (
-                id_server_scheme,
-                id_server,
+            key_validity_url = "%s/_matrix/identity/api/v1/pubkey/isvalid" % (
+                id_server_url,
             )
             url = base_url + "/api/v1/store-invite"
 
@@ -1020,9 +1011,8 @@ class IdentityHandler(BaseHandler):
                 raise SynapseError(500, "Timed out contacting identity server")
             except HttpResponseException as e:
                 logger.warning(
-                    "Error trying to call /store-invite on %s%s: %s",
-                    id_server_scheme,
-                    id_server,
+                    "Error trying to call /store-invite on %s: %s",
+                    id_server_url,
                     e,
                 )
 
@@ -1036,10 +1026,9 @@ class IdentityHandler(BaseHandler):
                     )
                 except HttpResponseException as e:
                     logger.warning(
-                        "Error calling /store-invite on %s%s with fallback "
+                        "Error calling /store-invite on %s with fallback "
                         "encoding: %s",
-                        id_server_scheme,
-                        id_server,
+                        id_server_url,
                         e,
                     )
                     raise e
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_identity.py b/tests/handlers/test_identity.py
index 34f6bfb422..0ab0356109 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_identity.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_identity.py
@@ -35,12 +35,13 @@ class ThreepidISRewrittenURLTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
     def make_homeserver(self, reactor, clock):
         self.address = "test@test"
         self.is_server_name = "testis"
-        self.rewritten_is_url = "int.testis"
+        self.is_server_url = "https://testis"
+        self.rewritten_is_url = "https://int.testis"
 
         config = self.default_config()
         config["trusted_third_party_id_servers"] = [self.is_server_name]
         config["rewrite_identity_server_urls"] = {
-            self.is_server_name: self.rewritten_is_url
+            self.is_server_url: self.rewritten_is_url
         }
 
         mock_http_client = Mock(spec=["get_json", "post_json_get_json"])
@@ -98,7 +99,7 @@ class ThreepidISRewrittenURLTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
         # Check that the request was done against the rewritten server name.
         post_json_get_json.assert_called_once_with(
-            "https://%s/_matrix/identity/api/v1/3pid/bind" % self.rewritten_is_url,
+            "%s/_matrix/identity/api/v1/3pid/bind" % (self.rewritten_is_url,),
             {
                 "sid": creds["sid"],
                 "client_secret": creds["client_secret"],
-- 
cgit 1.5.1