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(Shortkey: s)" aria-label="Toggle Searchbar" aria-expanded="false" aria-keyshortcuts="S" aria-controls="searchbar"> - <i class="fa fa-search"></i> - </button> - - </div> - - <h1 class="menu-title">Synapse</h1> - - <div class="right-buttons"> - - <a href="print.html" title="Print this book" aria-label="Print this book"> - <i id="print-button" class="fa fa-print"></i> - </a> - - - <a href="https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse" title="Git repository" aria-label="Git repository"> - <i id="git-repository-button" class="fa fa-github"></i> - </a> - - - <a href="https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/edit/develop/docs/turn-howto.md" title="Suggest an edit" aria-label="Suggest an edit"> - <i id="git-edit-button" class="fa fa-edit"></i> - </a> - - - </div> - </div> - - - <div id="search-wrapper" class="hidden"> - <form id="searchbar-outer" class="searchbar-outer"> - <input type="search" id="searchbar" name="searchbar" placeholder="Search this book ..." aria-controls="searchresults-outer" aria-describedby="searchresults-header"> - </form> - <div id="searchresults-outer" class="searchresults-outer hidden"> - <div id="searchresults-header" class="searchresults-header"></div> - <ul id="searchresults"> - </ul> - </div> - </div> - - - <!-- Apply ARIA attributes after the sidebar and the sidebar toggle button are added to the DOM --> - <script type="text/javascript"> - document.getElementById('sidebar-toggle').setAttribute('aria-expanded', sidebar === 'visible'); - document.getElementById('sidebar').setAttribute('aria-hidden', sidebar !== 'visible'); - Array.from(document.querySelectorAll('#sidebar a')).forEach(function(link) { - link.setAttribute('tabIndex', sidebar === 'visible' ? 0 : -1); - }); - </script> - - <div id="content" class="content"> - <main> - <!-- Page table of contents --> - <div class="sidetoc"> - <nav class="pagetoc"></nav> - </div> - - <h1 id="overview"><a class="header" href="#overview">Overview</a></h1> -<p>This document explains how to enable VoIP relaying on your Home Server with -TURN.</p> -<p>The synapse Matrix Home Server supports integration with TURN server via the -<a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-uberti-behave-turn-rest-00">TURN server REST API</a>. This -allows the Home Server to generate credentials that are valid for use on the -TURN server through the use of a secret shared between the Home Server and the -TURN server.</p> -<p>The following sections describe how to install <a href="https://github.com/coturn/coturn">coturn</a> (which implements the TURN REST API) and integrate it with synapse.</p> -<h2 id="requirements"><a class="header" href="#requirements">Requirements</a></h2> -<p>For TURN relaying with <code>coturn</code> to work, it must be hosted on a server/endpoint with a public IP.</p> -<p>Hosting TURN behind a NAT (even with appropriate port forwarding) is known to cause issues -and to often not work.</p> -<h2 id="coturn-setup"><a class="header" href="#coturn-setup"><code>coturn</code> setup</a></h2> -<h3 id="initial-installation"><a class="header" href="#initial-installation">Initial installation</a></h3> -<p>The TURN daemon <code>coturn</code> is available from a variety of sources such as native package managers, or installation from source.</p> -<h4 id="debian-installation"><a class="header" href="#debian-installation">Debian installation</a></h4> -<p>Just install the debian package:</p> -<pre><code class="language-sh">apt install coturn -</code></pre> -<p>This will install and start a systemd service called <code>coturn</code>.</p> -<h4 id="source-installation"><a class="header" href="#source-installation">Source installation</a></h4> -<ol> -<li> -<p>Download the <a href="https://github.com/coturn/coturn/releases/latest">latest release</a> from github. Unpack it and <code>cd</code> into the directory.</p> -</li> -<li> -<p>Configure it:</p> -<pre><code>./configure -</code></pre> -<p>You may need to install <code>libevent2</code>: if so, you should do so in -the way recommended by your operating system. You can ignore -warnings about lack of database support: a database is unnecessary -for this purpose.</p> -</li> -<li> -<p>Build and install it:</p> -<pre><code>make -make install -</code></pre> -</li> -</ol> -<h3 id="configuration"><a class="header" href="#configuration">Configuration</a></h3> -<ol> -<li> -<p>Create or edit the config file in <code>/etc/turnserver.conf</code>. The relevant -lines, with example values, are:</p> -<pre><code>use-auth-secret -static-auth-secret=[your secret key here] -realm=turn.myserver.org -</code></pre> -<p>See <code>turnserver.conf</code> for explanations of the options. One way to generate -the <code>static-auth-secret</code> is with <code>pwgen</code>:</p> -<pre><code>pwgen -s 64 1 -</code></pre> -<p>A <code>realm</code> must be specified, but its value is somewhat arbitrary. (It is -sent to clients as part of the authentication flow.) It is conventional to -set it to be your server name.</p> -</li> -<li> -<p>You will most likely want to configure coturn to write logs somewhere. The -easiest way is normally to send them to the syslog:</p> -<pre><code>syslog -</code></pre> -<p>(in which case, the logs will be available via <code>journalctl -u coturn</code> on a -systemd system). Alternatively, coturn can be configured to write to a -logfile - check the example config file supplied with coturn.</p> -</li> -<li> -<p>Consider your security settings. TURN lets users request a relay which will -connect to arbitrary IP addresses and ports. The following configuration is -suggested as a minimum starting point:</p> -<pre><code># VoIP traffic is all UDP. There is no reason to let users connect to arbitrary TCP endpoints via the relay. -no-tcp-relay - -# don't let the relay ever try to connect to private IP address ranges within your network (if any) -# given the turn server is likely behind your firewall, remember to include any privileged public IPs too. -denied-peer-ip=10.0.0.0-10.255.255.255 -denied-peer-ip=192.168.0.0-192.168.255.255 -denied-peer-ip=172.16.0.0-172.31.255.255 - -# special case the turn server itself so that client-&gt;TURN-&gt;TURN-&gt;client flows work -allowed-peer-ip=10.0.0.1 - -# consider whether you want to limit the quota of relayed streams per user (or total) to avoid risk of DoS. -user-quota=12 # 4 streams per video call, so 12 streams = 3 simultaneous relayed calls per user. -total-quota=1200 -</code></pre> -</li> -<li> -<p>Also consider supporting TLS/DTLS. To do this, add the following settings -to <code>turnserver.conf</code>:</p> -<pre><code># TLS certificates, including intermediate certs. -# For Let's Encrypt certificates, use `fullchain.pem` here. -cert=/path/to/fullchain.pem - -# TLS private key file -pkey=/path/to/privkey.pem -</code></pre> -<p>In this case, replace the <code>turn:</code> schemes in the <code>turn_uri</code> settings below -with <code>turns:</code>.</p> -<p>We recommend that you only try to set up TLS/DTLS once you have set up a -basic installation and got it working.</p> -</li> -<li> -<p>Ensure your firewall allows traffic into the TURN server on the ports -you've configured it to listen on (By default: 3478 and 5349 for TURN -traffic (remember to allow both TCP and UDP traffic), and ports 49152-65535 -for the UDP relay.)</p> -</li> -<li> -<p>We do not recommend running a TURN server behind NAT, and are not aware of -anyone doing so successfully.</p> -<p>If you want to try it anyway, you will at least need to tell coturn its -external IP address:</p> -<pre><code>external-ip=192.88.99.1 -</code></pre> -<p>... and your NAT gateway must forward all of the relayed ports directly -(eg, port 56789 on the external IP must be always be forwarded to port -56789 on the internal IP).</p> -<p>If you get this working, let us know!</p> -</li> -<li> -<p>(Re)start the turn server:</p> -<ul> -<li> -<p>If you used the Debian package (or have set up a systemd unit yourself):</p> -<pre><code class="language-sh">systemctl restart coturn -</code></pre> -</li> -<li> -<p>If you installed from source:</p> -<pre><code class="language-sh">bin/turnserver -o -</code></pre> -</li> -</ul> -</li> -</ol> -<h2 id="synapse-setup"><a class="header" href="#synapse-setup">Synapse setup</a></h2> -<p>Your home server configuration file needs the following extra keys:</p> -<ol> -<li>&quot;<code>turn_uris</code>&quot;: This needs to be a yaml list of public-facing URIs -for your TURN server to be given out to your clients. Add separate -entries for each transport your TURN server supports.</li> -<li>&quot;<code>turn_shared_secret</code>&quot;: This is the secret shared between your -Home server and your TURN server, so you should set it to the same -string you used in turnserver.conf.</li> -<li>&quot;<code>turn_user_lifetime</code>&quot;: This is the amount of time credentials -generated by your Home Server are valid for (in milliseconds). -Shorter times offer less potential for abuse at the expense of -increased traffic between web clients and your home server to -refresh credentials. The TURN REST API specification recommends -one day (86400000).</li> -<li>&quot;<code>turn_allow_guests</code>&quot;: Whether to allow guest users to use the -TURN server. This is enabled by default, as otherwise VoIP will -not work reliably for guests. However, it does introduce a -security risk as it lets guests connect to arbitrary endpoints -without having gone through a CAPTCHA or similar to register a -real account.</li> -</ol> -<p>As an example, here is the relevant section of the config file for <code>matrix.org</code>. The -<code>turn_uris</code> are appropriate for TURN servers listening on the default ports, with no TLS.</p> -<pre><code>turn_uris: [ &quot;turn:turn.matrix.org?transport=udp&quot;, &quot;turn:turn.matrix.org?transport=tcp&quot; ] -turn_shared_secret: &quot;n0t4ctuAllymatr1Xd0TorgSshar3d5ecret4obvIousreAsons&quot; -turn_user_lifetime: 86400000 -turn_allow_guests: True -</code></pre> -<p>After updating the homeserver configuration, you must restart synapse:</p> -<ul> -<li>If you use synctl: -<pre><code class="language-sh">cd /where/you/run/synapse -./synctl restart -</code></pre> -</li> -<li>If you use systemd: -<pre><code>systemctl restart matrix-synapse.service -</code></pre> -</li> -</ul> -<p>... and then reload any clients (or wait an hour for them to refresh their -settings).</p> -<h2 id="troubleshooting"><a class="header" href="#troubleshooting">Troubleshooting</a></h2> -<p>The normal symptoms of a misconfigured TURN server are that calls between -devices on different networks ring, but get stuck at &quot;call -connecting&quot;. Unfortunately, troubleshooting this can be tricky.</p> -<p>Here are a few things to try:</p> -<ul> -<li> -<p>Check that your TURN server is not behind NAT. As above, we're not aware of -anyone who has successfully set this up.</p> -</li> -<li> -<p>Check that you have opened your firewall to allow TCP and UDP traffic to the -TURN ports (normally 3478 and 5479).</p> -</li> -<li> -<p>Check that you have opened your firewall to allow UDP traffic to the UDP -relay ports (49152-65535 by default).</p> -</li> -<li> -<p>Some WebRTC implementations (notably, that of Google Chrome) appear to get -confused by TURN servers which are reachable over IPv6 (this appears to be -an unexpected side-effect of its handling of multiple IP addresses as -defined by -<a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-rtcweb-ip-handling-12"><code>draft-ietf-rtcweb-ip-handling</code></a>).</p> -<p>Try removing any AAAA records for your TURN server, so that it is only -reachable over IPv4.</p> -</li> -<li> -<p>Enable more verbose logging in coturn via the <code>verbose</code> setting:</p> -<pre><code>verbose -</code></pre> -<p>... and then see if there are any clues in its logs.</p> -</li> -<li> -<p>If you are using a browser-based client under Chrome, check -<code>chrome://webrtc-internals/</code> for insights into the internals of the -negotiation. On Firefox, check the &quot;Connection Log&quot; on <code>about:webrtc</code>.</p> -<p>(Understanding the output is beyond the scope of this document!)</p> -</li> -<li> -<p>You can test your Matrix homeserver TURN setup with https://test.voip.librepush.net/. -Note that this test is not fully reliable yet, so don't be discouraged if -the test fails. -<a href="https://github.com/matrix-org/voip-tester">Here</a> is the github repo of the -source of the tester, where you can file bug reports.</p> -</li> -<li> -<p>There is a WebRTC test tool at -https://webrtc.github.io/samples/src/content/peerconnection/trickle-ice/. To -use it, you will need a username/password for your TURN server. You can -either:</p> -<ul> -<li> -<p>look for the <code>GET /_matrix/client/r0/voip/turnServer</code> request made by a -matrix client to your homeserver in your browser's network inspector. In -the response you should see <code>username</code> and <code>password</code>. Or:</p> -</li> -<li> -<p>Use the following shell commands:</p> -<pre><code class="language-sh">secret=staticAuthSecretHere - -u=$((`date +%s` + 3600)):test -p=$(echo -n $u | openssl dgst -hmac $secret -sha1 -binary | base64) -echo -e &quot;username: $u\npassword: $p&quot; -</code></pre> -<p>Or:</p> -</li> -<li> -<p>Temporarily configure coturn to accept a static username/password. To do -this, comment out <code>use-auth-secret</code> and <code>static-auth-secret</code> and add the -following:</p> -<pre><code>lt-cred-mech -user=username:password -</code></pre> -<p><strong>Note</strong>: these settings will not take effect unless <code>use-auth-secret</code> -and <code>static-auth-secret</code> are disabled.</p> -<p>Restart coturn after changing the configuration file.</p> -<p>Remember to restore the original settings to go back to testing with -Matrix clients!</p> -</li> -</ul> -<p>If the TURN server is working correctly, you should see at least one <code>relay</code> -entry in the results.</p> -</li> -</ul> - - </main> - - <nav class="nav-wrapper" aria-label="Page navigation"> - <!-- Mobile navigation buttons --> - - <a rel="prev" href="setup/forward_proxy.html" class="mobile-nav-chapters previous" title="Previous chapter" aria-label="Previous chapter" aria-keyshortcuts="Left"> - <i class="fa fa-angle-left"></i> - </a> - - - - <a rel="next" href="delegate.html" class="mobile-nav-chapters next" title="Next chapter" aria-label="Next chapter" aria-keyshortcuts="Right"> - <i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i> - </a> - - - <div style="clear: both"></div> - </nav> - </div> - </div> - - <nav class="nav-wide-wrapper" aria-label="Page navigation"> - - <a rel="prev" href="setup/forward_proxy.html" class="nav-chapters previous" title="Previous chapter" aria-label="Previous chapter" aria-keyshortcuts="Left"> - <i class="fa fa-angle-left"></i> - </a> - - - - <a rel="next" href="delegate.html" class="nav-chapters next" title="Next chapter" aria-label="Next chapter" aria-keyshortcuts="Right"> - <i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i> - </a> - - </nav> - - </div> - - - - - - - - - <script type="text/javascript"> - window.playground_copyable = true; - </script> - - - - - - <script src="elasticlunr.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script> - <script src="mark.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script> - <script src="searcher.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script> - - - <script src="clipboard.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script> - <script src="highlight.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script> - <script src="book.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script> - - <!-- Custom JS scripts --> - - <script type="text/javascript" src="docs/website_files/table-of-contents.js"></script> - - - - - </body> -</html> \ No newline at end of file