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(Shortkey: s)" aria-label="Toggle Searchbar" aria-expanded="false" aria-keyshortcuts="S" aria-controls="searchbar"> - <i class="fa fa-search"></i> - </button> - - </div> - - <h1 class="menu-title">Synapse</h1> - - <div class="right-buttons"> - - <a href="print.html" title="Print this book" aria-label="Print this book"> - <i id="print-button" class="fa fa-print"></i> - </a> - - - <a href="https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse" title="Git repository" aria-label="Git repository"> - <i id="git-repository-button" class="fa fa-github"></i> - </a> - - - <a href="https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/edit/develop/docs/tcp_replication.md" title="Suggest an edit" aria-label="Suggest an edit"> - <i id="git-edit-button" class="fa fa-edit"></i> - </a> - - - </div> - </div> - - - <div id="search-wrapper" class="hidden"> - <form id="searchbar-outer" class="searchbar-outer"> - <input type="search" id="searchbar" name="searchbar" placeholder="Search this book ..." aria-controls="searchresults-outer" aria-describedby="searchresults-header"> - </form> - <div id="searchresults-outer" class="searchresults-outer hidden"> - <div id="searchresults-header" class="searchresults-header"></div> - <ul id="searchresults"> - </ul> - </div> - </div> - - - <!-- Apply ARIA attributes after the sidebar and the sidebar toggle button are added to the DOM --> - <script type="text/javascript"> - document.getElementById('sidebar-toggle').setAttribute('aria-expanded', sidebar === 'visible'); - document.getElementById('sidebar').setAttribute('aria-hidden', sidebar !== 'visible'); - Array.from(document.querySelectorAll('#sidebar a')).forEach(function(link) { - link.setAttribute('tabIndex', sidebar === 'visible' ? 0 : -1); - }); - </script> - - <div id="content" class="content"> - <main> - <!-- Page table of contents --> - <div class="sidetoc"> - <nav class="pagetoc"></nav> - </div> - - <h1 id="tcp-replication"><a class="header" href="#tcp-replication">TCP Replication</a></h1> -<h2 id="motivation"><a class="header" href="#motivation">Motivation</a></h2> -<p>Previously the workers used an HTTP long poll mechanism to get updates -from the master, which had the problem of causing a lot of duplicate -work on the server. This TCP protocol replaces those APIs with the aim -of increased efficiency.</p> -<h2 id="overview"><a class="header" href="#overview">Overview</a></h2> -<p>The protocol is based on fire and forget, line based commands. An -example flow would be (where '&gt;' indicates master to worker and -'&lt;' worker to master flows):</p> -<pre><code>&gt; SERVER example.com -&lt; REPLICATE -&gt; POSITION events master 53 53 -&gt; RDATA events master 54 [&quot;$foo1:bar.com&quot;, ...] -&gt; RDATA events master 55 [&quot;$foo4:bar.com&quot;, ...] -</code></pre> -<p>The example shows the server accepting a new connection and sending its identity -with the <code>SERVER</code> command, followed by the client server to respond with the -position of all streams. The server then periodically sends <code>RDATA</code> commands -which have the format <code>RDATA &lt;stream_name&gt; &lt;instance_name&gt; &lt;token&gt; &lt;row&gt;</code>, where -the format of <code>&lt;row&gt;</code> is defined by the individual streams. The -<code>&lt;instance_name&gt;</code> is the name of the Synapse process that generated the data -(usually &quot;master&quot;).</p> -<p>Error reporting happens by either the client or server sending an ERROR -command, and usually the connection will be closed.</p> -<p>Since the protocol is a simple line based, its possible to manually -connect to the server using a tool like netcat. A few things should be -noted when manually using the protocol:</p> -<ul> -<li>The federation stream is only available if federation sending has -been disabled on the main process.</li> -<li>The server will only time connections out that have sent a <code>PING</code> -command. If a ping is sent then the connection will be closed if no -further commands are receieved within 15s. Both the client and -server protocol implementations will send an initial PING on -connection and ensure at least one command every 5s is sent (not -necessarily <code>PING</code>).</li> -<li><code>RDATA</code> commands <em>usually</em> include a numeric token, however if the -stream has multiple rows to replicate per token the server will send -multiple <code>RDATA</code> commands, with all but the last having a token of -<code>batch</code>. See the documentation on <code>commands.RdataCommand</code> for -further details.</li> -</ul> -<h2 id="architecture"><a class="header" href="#architecture">Architecture</a></h2> -<p>The basic structure of the protocol is line based, where the initial -word of each line specifies the command. The rest of the line is parsed -based on the command. For example, the RDATA command is defined as:</p> -<pre><code>RDATA &lt;stream_name&gt; &lt;instance_name&gt; &lt;token&gt; &lt;row_json&gt; -</code></pre> -<p>(Note that &lt;row_json&gt; may contains spaces, but cannot contain -newlines.)</p> -<p>Blank lines are ignored.</p> -<h3 id="keep-alives"><a class="header" href="#keep-alives">Keep alives</a></h3> -<p>Both sides are expected to send at least one command every 5s or so, and -should send a <code>PING</code> command if necessary. If either side do not receive -a command within e.g. 15s then the connection should be closed.</p> -<p>Because the server may be connected to manually using e.g. netcat, the -timeouts aren't enabled until an initial <code>PING</code> command is seen. Both -the client and server implementations below send a <code>PING</code> command -immediately on connection to ensure the timeouts are enabled.</p> -<p>This ensures that both sides can quickly realize if the tcp connection -has gone and handle the situation appropriately.</p> -<h3 id="start-up"><a class="header" href="#start-up">Start up</a></h3> -<p>When a new connection is made, the server:</p> -<ul> -<li>Sends a <code>SERVER</code> command, which includes the identity of the server, -allowing the client to detect if its connected to the expected -server</li> -<li>Sends a <code>PING</code> command as above, to enable the client to time out -connections promptly.</li> -</ul> -<p>The client:</p> -<ul> -<li>Sends a <code>NAME</code> command, allowing the server to associate a human -friendly name with the connection. This is optional.</li> -<li>Sends a <code>PING</code> as above</li> -<li>Sends a <code>REPLICATE</code> to get the current position of all streams.</li> -<li>On receipt of a <code>SERVER</code> command, checks that the server name -matches the expected server name.</li> -</ul> -<h3 id="error-handling"><a class="header" href="#error-handling">Error handling</a></h3> -<p>If either side detects an error it can send an <code>ERROR</code> command and close -the connection.</p> -<p>If the client side loses the connection to the server it should -reconnect, following the steps above.</p> -<h3 id="congestion"><a class="header" href="#congestion">Congestion</a></h3> -<p>If the server sends messages faster than the client can consume them the -server will first buffer a (fairly large) number of commands and then -disconnect the client. This ensures that we don't queue up an unbounded -number of commands in memory and gives us a potential oppurtunity to -squawk loudly. When/if the client recovers it can reconnect to the -server and ask for missed messages.</p> -<h3 id="reliability"><a class="header" href="#reliability">Reliability</a></h3> -<p>In general the replication stream should be considered an unreliable -transport since e.g. commands are not resent if the connection -disappears.</p> -<p>The exception to that are the replication streams, i.e. RDATA commands, -since these include tokens which can be used to restart the stream on -connection errors.</p> -<p>The client should keep track of the token in the last RDATA command -received for each stream so that on reconneciton it can start streaming -from the correct place. Note: not all RDATA have valid tokens due to -batching. See <code>RdataCommand</code> for more details.</p> -<h3 id="example"><a class="header" href="#example">Example</a></h3> -<p>An example iteraction is shown below. Each line is prefixed with '&gt;' -or '&lt;' to indicate which side is sending, these are <em>not</em> included on -the wire:</p> -<pre><code>* connection established * -&gt; SERVER localhost:8823 -&gt; PING 1490197665618 -&lt; NAME synapse.app.appservice -&lt; PING 1490197665618 -&lt; REPLICATE -&gt; POSITION events master 1 1 -&gt; POSITION backfill master 1 1 -&gt; POSITION caches master 1 1 -&gt; RDATA caches master 2 [&quot;get_user_by_id&quot;,[&quot;@01register-user:localhost:8823&quot;],1490197670513] -&gt; RDATA events master 14 [&quot;$149019767112vOHxz:localhost:8823&quot;, - &quot;!AFDCvgApUmpdfVjIXm:localhost:8823&quot;,&quot;m.room.guest_access&quot;,&quot;&quot;,null] -&lt; PING 1490197675618 -&gt; ERROR server stopping -* connection closed by server * -</code></pre> -<p>The <code>POSITION</code> command sent by the server is used to set the clients -position without needing to send data with the <code>RDATA</code> command.</p> -<p>An example of a batched set of <code>RDATA</code> is:</p> -<pre><code>&gt; RDATA caches master batch [&quot;get_user_by_id&quot;,[&quot;@test:localhost:8823&quot;],1490197670513] -&gt; RDATA caches master batch [&quot;get_user_by_id&quot;,[&quot;@test2:localhost:8823&quot;],1490197670513] -&gt; RDATA caches master batch [&quot;get_user_by_id&quot;,[&quot;@test3:localhost:8823&quot;],1490197670513] -&gt; RDATA caches master 54 [&quot;get_user_by_id&quot;,[&quot;@test4:localhost:8823&quot;],1490197670513] -</code></pre> -<p>In this case the client shouldn't advance their caches token until it -sees the the last <code>RDATA</code>.</p> -<h3 id="list-of-commands"><a class="header" href="#list-of-commands">List of commands</a></h3> -<p>The list of valid commands, with which side can send it: server (S) or -client (C):</p> -<h4 id="server-s"><a class="header" href="#server-s">SERVER (S)</a></h4> -<p>Sent at the start to identify which server the client is talking to</p> -<h4 id="rdata-s"><a class="header" href="#rdata-s">RDATA (S)</a></h4> -<p>A single update in a stream</p> -<h4 id="position-s"><a class="header" href="#position-s">POSITION (S)</a></h4> -<p>On receipt of a POSITION command clients should check if they have missed any -updates, and if so then fetch them out of band. Sent in response to a -REPLICATE command (but can happen at any time).</p> -<p>The POSITION command includes the source of the stream. Currently all streams -are written by a single process (usually &quot;master&quot;). If fetching missing -updates via HTTP API, rather than via the DB, then processes should make the -request to the appropriate process.</p> -<p>Two positions are included, the &quot;new&quot; position and the last position sent respectively. -This allows servers to tell instances that the positions have advanced but no -data has been written, without clients needlessly checking to see if they -have missed any updates.</p> -<h4 id="error-s-c"><a class="header" href="#error-s-c">ERROR (S, C)</a></h4> -<p>There was an error</p> -<h4 id="ping-s-c"><a class="header" href="#ping-s-c">PING (S, C)</a></h4> -<p>Sent periodically to ensure the connection is still alive</p> -<h4 id="name-c"><a class="header" href="#name-c">NAME (C)</a></h4> -<p>Sent at the start by client to inform the server who they are</p> -<h4 id="replicate-c"><a class="header" href="#replicate-c">REPLICATE (C)</a></h4> -<p>Asks the server for the current position of all streams.</p> -<h4 id="user_sync-c"><a class="header" href="#user_sync-c">USER_SYNC (C)</a></h4> -<p>A user has started or stopped syncing on this process.</p> -<h4 id="clear_user_sync-c"><a class="header" href="#clear_user_sync-c">CLEAR_USER_SYNC (C)</a></h4> -<p>The server should clear all associated user sync data from the worker.</p> -<p>This is used when a worker is shutting down.</p> -<h4 id="federation_ack-c"><a class="header" href="#federation_ack-c">FEDERATION_ACK (C)</a></h4> -<p>Acknowledge receipt of some federation data</p> -<h3 id="remote_server_up-s-c"><a class="header" href="#remote_server_up-s-c">REMOTE_SERVER_UP (S, C)</a></h3> -<p>Inform other processes that a remote server may have come back online.</p> -<p>See <code>synapse/replication/tcp/commands.py</code> for a detailed description and -the format of each command.</p> -<h3 id="cache-invalidation-stream"><a class="header" href="#cache-invalidation-stream">Cache Invalidation Stream</a></h3> -<p>The cache invalidation stream is used to inform workers when they need -to invalidate any of their caches in the data store. This is done by -streaming all cache invalidations done on master down to the workers, -assuming that any caches on the workers also exist on the master.</p> -<p>Each individual cache invalidation results in a row being sent down -replication, which includes the cache name (the name of the function) -and they key to invalidate. For example:</p> -<pre><code>&gt; RDATA caches master 550953771 [&quot;get_user_by_id&quot;, [&quot;@bob:example.com&quot;], 1550574873251] -</code></pre> -<p>Alternatively, an entire cache can be invalidated by sending down a <code>null</code> -instead of the key. For example:</p> -<pre><code>&gt; RDATA caches master 550953772 [&quot;get_user_by_id&quot;, null, 1550574873252] -</code></pre> -<p>However, there are times when a number of caches need to be invalidated -at the same time with the same key. To reduce traffic we batch those -invalidations into a single poke by defining a special cache name that -workers understand to mean to expand to invalidate the correct caches.</p> -<p>Currently the special cache names are declared in -<code>synapse/storage/_base.py</code> and are:</p> -<ol> -<li><code>cs_cache_fake</code> ─ invalidates caches that depend on the current -state</li> -</ol> - - </main> - - <nav class="nav-wrapper" aria-label="Page navigation"> - <!-- Mobile navigation buttons --> - - <a rel="prev" href="replication.html" class="mobile-nav-chapters previous" title="Previous chapter" aria-label="Previous chapter" aria-keyshortcuts="Left"> - <i class="fa fa-angle-left"></i> - </a> - - - - <a rel="next" href="development/internal_documentation/index.html" class="mobile-nav-chapters next" title="Next chapter" aria-label="Next chapter" aria-keyshortcuts="Right"> - <i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i> - </a> - - - <div style="clear: both"></div> - </nav> - </div> - </div> - - <nav class="nav-wide-wrapper" aria-label="Page navigation"> - - <a rel="prev" href="replication.html" class="nav-chapters previous" title="Previous chapter" aria-label="Previous chapter" aria-keyshortcuts="Left"> - <i class="fa fa-angle-left"></i> - </a> - - - - <a rel="next" href="development/internal_documentation/index.html" class="nav-chapters next" title="Next chapter" aria-label="Next chapter" aria-keyshortcuts="Right"> - <i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i> - </a> - - </nav> - - </div> - - - - - - - - - <script type="text/javascript"> - window.playground_copyable = true; - </script> - - - - - - <script src="elasticlunr.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script> - <script src="mark.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script> - <script src="searcher.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script> - - - <script src="clipboard.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script> - <script src="highlight.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script> - <script src="book.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script> - - <!-- Custom JS scripts --> - - <script type="text/javascript" src="docs/website_files/table-of-contents.js"></script> - - - - - </body> -</html> \ No newline at end of file