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expanded "><a href="room_and_user_statistics.html">Room and User Statistics</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><div>Scripts</div></li><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><li class="part-title">Other</li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="deprecation_policy.html">Dependency Deprecation Policy</a></li></ol> - </div> - <div id="sidebar-resize-handle" class="sidebar-resize-handle"></div> - </nav> - - <div id="page-wrapper" class="page-wrapper"> - - <div class="page"> - - <div id="menu-bar-hover-placeholder"></div> - <div id="menu-bar" class="menu-bar sticky bordered"> - <div class="left-buttons"> - <button id="sidebar-toggle" class="icon-button" type="button" title="Toggle Table of Contents" aria-label="Toggle Table of Contents" aria-controls="sidebar"> - <i class="fa fa-bars"></i> - </button> - <button id="theme-toggle" class="icon-button" type="button" title="Change theme" aria-label="Change theme" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" 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(Shortkey: s)" aria-label="Toggle Searchbar" aria-expanded="false" aria-keyshortcuts="S" aria-controls="searchbar"> - <i class="fa fa-search"></i> - </button> - - </div> - - <h1 class="menu-title">Synapse</h1> - - <div class="right-buttons"> - - <a href="print.html" title="Print this book" aria-label="Print this book"> - <i id="print-button" class="fa fa-print"></i> - </a> - - - <a href="https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse" title="Git repository" aria-label="Git repository"> - <i id="git-repository-button" class="fa fa-github"></i> - </a> - - - <a href="https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/edit/develop/docs/postgres.md" title="Suggest an edit" aria-label="Suggest an edit"> - <i id="git-edit-button" class="fa fa-edit"></i> - </a> - - - </div> - </div> - - - <div id="search-wrapper" class="hidden"> - <form id="searchbar-outer" class="searchbar-outer"> - <input type="search" id="searchbar" name="searchbar" placeholder="Search this book ..." aria-controls="searchresults-outer" aria-describedby="searchresults-header"> - </form> - <div id="searchresults-outer" class="searchresults-outer hidden"> - <div id="searchresults-header" class="searchresults-header"></div> - <ul id="searchresults"> - </ul> - </div> - </div> - - - <!-- Apply ARIA attributes after the sidebar and the sidebar toggle button are added to the DOM --> - <script type="text/javascript"> - document.getElementById('sidebar-toggle').setAttribute('aria-expanded', sidebar === 'visible'); - document.getElementById('sidebar').setAttribute('aria-hidden', sidebar !== 'visible'); - Array.from(document.querySelectorAll('#sidebar a')).forEach(function(link) { - link.setAttribute('tabIndex', sidebar === 'visible' ? 0 : -1); - }); - </script> - - <div id="content" class="content"> - <main> - <!-- Page table of contents --> - <div class="sidetoc"> - <nav class="pagetoc"></nav> - </div> - - <h1 id="using-postgres"><a class="header" href="#using-postgres">Using Postgres</a></h1> -<p>Synapse supports PostgreSQL versions 9.6 or later.</p> -<h2 id="install-postgres-client-libraries"><a class="header" href="#install-postgres-client-libraries">Install postgres client libraries</a></h2> -<p>Synapse will require the python postgres client library in order to -connect to a postgres database.</p> -<ul> -<li> -<p>If you are using the <a href="setup/installation.html#matrixorg-packages">matrix.org debian/ubuntu -packages</a>, the necessary python -library will already be installed, but you will need to ensure the -low-level postgres library is installed, which you can do with -<code>apt install libpq5</code>.</p> -</li> -<li> -<p>For other pre-built packages, please consult the documentation from -the relevant package.</p> -</li> -<li> -<p>If you installed synapse <a href="setup/installation.html#installing-from-source">in a -virtualenv</a>, you can install -the library with:</p> -<pre><code>~/synapse/env/bin/pip install &quot;matrix-synapse[postgres]&quot; -</code></pre> -<p>(substituting the path to your virtualenv for <code>~/synapse/env</code>, if -you used a different path). You will require the postgres -development files. These are in the <code>libpq-dev</code> package on -Debian-derived distributions.</p> -</li> -</ul> -<h2 id="set-up-database"><a class="header" href="#set-up-database">Set up database</a></h2> -<p>Assuming your PostgreSQL database user is called <code>postgres</code>, first authenticate as the database user with:</p> -<pre><code>su - postgres -# Or, if your system uses sudo to get administrative rights -sudo -u postgres bash -</code></pre> -<p>Then, create a postgres user and a database with:</p> -<pre><code># this will prompt for a password for the new user -createuser --pwprompt synapse_user - -createdb --encoding=UTF8 --locale=C --template=template0 --owner=synapse_user synapse -</code></pre> -<p>The above will create a user called <code>synapse_user</code>, and a database called -<code>synapse</code>.</p> -<p>Note that the PostgreSQL database <em>must</em> have the correct encoding set -(as shown above), otherwise it will not be able to store UTF8 strings.</p> -<p>You may need to enable password authentication so <code>synapse_user</code> can -connect to the database. See -<a href="https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/auth-pg-hba-conf.html">https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/auth-pg-hba-conf.html</a>.</p> -<h2 id="synapse-config"><a class="header" href="#synapse-config">Synapse config</a></h2> -<p>When you are ready to start using PostgreSQL, edit the <code>database</code> -section in your config file to match the following lines:</p> -<pre><code class="language-yaml">database: - name: psycopg2 - args: - user: &lt;user&gt; - password: &lt;pass&gt; - database: &lt;db&gt; - host: &lt;host&gt; - cp_min: 5 - cp_max: 10 -</code></pre> -<p>All key, values in <code>args</code> are passed to the <code>psycopg2.connect(..)</code> -function, except keys beginning with <code>cp_</code>, which are consumed by the -twisted adbapi connection pool. See the <a href="https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/libpq-connect.html#LIBPQ-PARAMKEYWORDS">libpq -documentation</a> -for a list of options which can be passed.</p> -<p>You should consider tuning the <code>args.keepalives_*</code> options if there is any danger of -the connection between your homeserver and database dropping, otherwise Synapse -may block for an extended period while it waits for a response from the -database server. Example values might be:</p> -<pre><code class="language-yaml">database: - args: - # ... as above - - # seconds of inactivity after which TCP should send a keepalive message to the server - keepalives_idle: 10 - - # the number of seconds after which a TCP keepalive message that is not - # acknowledged by the server should be retransmitted - keepalives_interval: 10 - - # the number of TCP keepalives that can be lost before the client's connection - # to the server is considered dead - keepalives_count: 3 -</code></pre> -<h2 id="tuning-postgres"><a class="header" href="#tuning-postgres">Tuning Postgres</a></h2> -<p>The default settings should be fine for most deployments. For larger -scale deployments tuning some of the settings is recommended, details of -which can be found at -<a href="https://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/Tuning_Your_PostgreSQL_Server">https://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/Tuning_Your_PostgreSQL_Server</a>.</p> -<p>In particular, we've found tuning the following values helpful for -performance:</p> -<ul> -<li><code>shared_buffers</code></li> -<li><code>effective_cache_size</code></li> -<li><code>work_mem</code></li> -<li><code>maintenance_work_mem</code></li> -<li><code>autovacuum_work_mem</code></li> -</ul> -<p>Note that the appropriate values for those fields depend on the amount -of free memory the database host has available.</p> -<h2 id="porting-from-sqlite"><a class="header" href="#porting-from-sqlite">Porting from SQLite</a></h2> -<h3 id="overview"><a class="header" href="#overview">Overview</a></h3> -<p>The script <code>synapse_port_db</code> allows porting an existing synapse server -backed by SQLite to using PostgreSQL. This is done in as a two phase -process:</p> -<ol> -<li>Copy the existing SQLite database to a separate location and run -the port script against that offline database.</li> -<li>Shut down the server. Rerun the port script to port any data that -has come in since taking the first snapshot. Restart server against -the PostgreSQL database.</li> -</ol> -<p>The port script is designed to be run repeatedly against newer snapshots -of the SQLite database file. This makes it safe to repeat step 1 if -there was a delay between taking the previous snapshot and being ready -to do step 2.</p> -<p>It is safe to at any time kill the port script and restart it.</p> -<p>Note that the database may take up significantly more (25% - 100% more) -space on disk after porting to Postgres.</p> -<h3 id="using-the-port-script"><a class="header" href="#using-the-port-script">Using the port script</a></h3> -<p>Firstly, shut down the currently running synapse server and copy its -database file (typically <code>homeserver.db</code>) to another location. Once the -copy is complete, restart synapse. For instance:</p> -<pre><code>./synctl stop -cp homeserver.db homeserver.db.snapshot -./synctl start -</code></pre> -<p>Copy the old config file into a new config file:</p> -<pre><code>cp homeserver.yaml homeserver-postgres.yaml -</code></pre> -<p>Edit the database section as described in the section <em>Synapse config</em> -above and with the SQLite snapshot located at <code>homeserver.db.snapshot</code> -simply run:</p> -<pre><code>synapse_port_db --sqlite-database homeserver.db.snapshot \ - --postgres-config homeserver-postgres.yaml -</code></pre> -<p>The flag <code>--curses</code> displays a coloured curses progress UI.</p> -<p>If the script took a long time to complete, or time has otherwise passed -since the original snapshot was taken, repeat the previous steps with a -newer snapshot.</p> -<p>To complete the conversion shut down the synapse server and run the port -script one last time, e.g. if the SQLite database is at <code>homeserver.db</code> -run:</p> -<pre><code>synapse_port_db --sqlite-database homeserver.db \ - --postgres-config homeserver-postgres.yaml -</code></pre> -<p>Once that has completed, change the synapse config to point at the -PostgreSQL database configuration file <code>homeserver-postgres.yaml</code>:</p> -<pre><code>./synctl stop -mv homeserver.yaml homeserver-old-sqlite.yaml -mv homeserver-postgres.yaml homeserver.yaml -./synctl start -</code></pre> -<p>Synapse should now be running against PostgreSQL.</p> -<h2 id="troubleshooting"><a class="header" href="#troubleshooting">Troubleshooting</a></h2> -<h3 id="alternative-auth-methods"><a class="header" href="#alternative-auth-methods">Alternative auth methods</a></h3> -<p>If you get an error along the lines of <code>FATAL: Ident authentication failed for user &quot;synapse_user&quot;</code>, you may need to use an authentication method other than -<code>ident</code>:</p> -<ul> -<li> -<p>If the <code>synapse_user</code> user has a password, add the password to the <code>database:</code> -section of <code>homeserver.yaml</code>. Then add the following to <code>pg_hba.conf</code>:</p> -<pre><code>host synapse synapse_user ::1/128 md5 # or `scram-sha-256` instead of `md5` if you use that -</code></pre> -</li> -<li> -<p>If the <code>synapse_user</code> user does not have a password, then a password doesn't -have to be added to <code>homeserver.yaml</code>. But the following does need to be added -to <code>pg_hba.conf</code>:</p> -<pre><code>host synapse synapse_user ::1/128 trust -</code></pre> -</li> -</ul> -<p>Note that line order matters in <code>pg_hba.conf</code>, so make sure that if you do add a -new line, it is inserted before:</p> -<pre><code>host all all ::1/128 ident -</code></pre> -<h3 id="fixing-incorrect-collate-or-ctype"><a class="header" href="#fixing-incorrect-collate-or-ctype">Fixing incorrect <code>COLLATE</code> or <code>CTYPE</code></a></h3> -<p>Synapse will refuse to set up a new database if it has the wrong values of -<code>COLLATE</code> and <code>CTYPE</code> set, and will log warnings on existing databases. Using -different locales can cause issues if the locale library is updated from -underneath the database, or if a different version of the locale is used on any -replicas.</p> -<p>The safest way to fix the issue is to dump the database and recreate it with -the correct locale parameter (as shown above). It is also possible to change the -parameters on a live database and run a <code>REINDEX</code> on the entire database, -however extreme care must be taken to avoid database corruption.</p> -<p>Note that the above may fail with an error about duplicate rows if corruption -has already occurred, and such duplicate rows will need to be manually removed.</p> -<h3 id="fixing-inconsistent-sequences-error"><a class="header" href="#fixing-inconsistent-sequences-error">Fixing inconsistent sequences error</a></h3> -<p>Synapse uses Postgres sequences to generate IDs for various tables. A sequence -and associated table can get out of sync if, for example, Synapse has been -downgraded and then upgraded again.</p> -<p>To fix the issue shut down Synapse (including any and all workers) and run the -SQL command included in the error message. 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