using System;

using Org.BouncyCastle.Math;
using Org.BouncyCastle.Math.Raw;
using Org.BouncyCastle.Security;

namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Utilities
{
    /**
     * BigInteger utilities.
     */
    public static class BigIntegers
    {
        public static readonly BigInteger Zero = BigInteger.Zero;
        public static readonly BigInteger One = BigInteger.One;

        private const int MaxIterations = 1000;

#if NETCOREAPP2_1_OR_GREATER || NETSTANDARD2_1_OR_GREATER
        [CLSCompliant(false)]
        public static void AsUint32ArrayLittleEndian(BigInteger n, Span<uint> buf)
        {
            int uintsLength = n.GetLengthofUInt32Array();

            if (uintsLength > buf.Length)
                throw new ArgumentException("standard length exceeded", nameof(n));

            n.ToUInt32ArrayLittleEndian(buf);

            int sign = (int)buf[uintsLength - 1] >> 31;
            buf[uintsLength..].Fill((uint)sign);
        }
#endif

        /**
        * Return the passed in value as an unsigned byte array.
        *
        * @param value the value to be converted.
        * @return a byte array without a leading zero byte if present in the signed encoding.
        */
        public static byte[] AsUnsignedByteArray(BigInteger n)
        {
            return n.ToByteArrayUnsigned();
        }

        /**
         * Return the passed in value as an unsigned byte array of the specified length, padded with
         * leading zeros as necessary.
         * @param length the fixed length of the result.
         * @param n the value to be converted.
         * @return a byte array padded to a fixed length with leading zeros.
         */
        public static byte[] AsUnsignedByteArray(int length, BigInteger n)
        {
#if NETCOREAPP2_1_OR_GREATER || NETSTANDARD2_1_OR_GREATER
            int bytesLength = n.GetLengthofByteArrayUnsigned();

            if (bytesLength > length)
                throw new ArgumentException("standard length exceeded", nameof(n));

            byte[] bytes = new byte[length];
            n.ToByteArrayUnsigned(bytes.AsSpan(length - bytesLength));
            return bytes;
#else
            byte[] bytes = n.ToByteArrayUnsigned();
            int bytesLength = bytes.Length;

            if (bytesLength == length)
                return bytes;

            if (bytesLength > length)
                throw new ArgumentException("standard length exceeded", nameof(n));

            byte[] tmp = new byte[length];
            Array.Copy(bytes, 0, tmp, length - bytesLength, bytesLength);
            return tmp;
#endif
        }

        /**
         * Write the passed in value as unsigned bytes to the specified buffer range, padded with
         * leading zeros as necessary.
         *
         * @param n
         *            the value to be converted.
         * @param buf
         *            the buffer to which the value is written.
         * @param off
         *            the start offset in array <code>buf</code> at which the data is written.
         * @param len
         *            the fixed length of data written (possibly padded with leading zeros).
         */
        public static void AsUnsignedByteArray(BigInteger n, byte[] buf, int off, int len)
        {
#if NETCOREAPP2_1_OR_GREATER || NETSTANDARD2_1_OR_GREATER
            AsUnsignedByteArray(n, buf.AsSpan(off, len));
#else
            byte[] bytes = n.ToByteArrayUnsigned();
            int bytesLength = bytes.Length;

            if (bytesLength > len)
                throw new ArgumentException("standard length exceeded", nameof(n));

            int padLen = len - bytesLength;
            Arrays.Fill(buf, off, off + padLen, 0);
            Array.Copy(bytes, 0, buf, off + padLen, bytesLength);
#endif
        }

#if NETCOREAPP2_1_OR_GREATER || NETSTANDARD2_1_OR_GREATER
        public static void AsUnsignedByteArray(BigInteger n, Span<byte> buf)
        {
            int bytesLength = n.GetLengthofByteArrayUnsigned();

            if (bytesLength > buf.Length)
                throw new ArgumentException("standard length exceeded", nameof(n));

            buf[..^bytesLength].Fill(0x00);
            n.ToByteArrayUnsigned(buf[^bytesLength..]);
        }
#endif

        /// <summary>
        /// Creates a Random BigInteger from the secure random of a given bit length.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="bitLength"></param>
        /// <param name="secureRandom"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static BigInteger CreateRandomBigInteger(int bitLength, SecureRandom secureRandom)
        {
            return new BigInteger(bitLength, secureRandom);
        }

        /**
        * Return a random BigInteger not less than 'min' and not greater than 'max'
        * 
        * @param min the least value that may be generated
        * @param max the greatest value that may be generated
        * @param random the source of randomness
        * @return a random BigInteger value in the range [min,max]
        */
        public static BigInteger CreateRandomInRange(BigInteger min, BigInteger max, SecureRandom random)
        {
            int cmp = min.CompareTo(max);
            if (cmp >= 0)
            {
                if (cmp > 0)
                    throw new ArgumentException("'min' may not be greater than 'max'");

                return min;
            }

            if (min.BitLength > max.BitLength / 2)
                return CreateRandomInRange(BigInteger.Zero, max.Subtract(min), random).Add(min);

            for (int i = 0; i < MaxIterations; ++i)
            {
                BigInteger x = new BigInteger(max.BitLength, random);
                if (x.CompareTo(min) >= 0 && x.CompareTo(max) <= 0)
                    return x;
            }

            // fall back to a faster (restricted) method
            return new BigInteger(max.Subtract(min).BitLength - 1, random).Add(min);
        }

        public static BigInteger FromUnsignedByteArray(byte[] buf)
        {
            return new BigInteger(1, buf);
        }

        public static BigInteger FromUnsignedByteArray(byte[] buf, int off, int length)
        {
            return new BigInteger(1, buf, off, length);
        }

        public static int GetByteLength(BigInteger n)
        {
            return n.GetLengthofByteArray();
        }

        public static int GetUnsignedByteLength(BigInteger n)
        {
            return n.GetLengthofByteArrayUnsigned();
        }

        public static BigInteger ModOddInverse(BigInteger M, BigInteger X)
        {
            if (!M.TestBit(0))
                throw new ArgumentException("must be odd", nameof(M));
            if (M.SignValue != 1)
                throw new ArithmeticException("BigInteger: modulus not positive");
            if (X.SignValue < 0 || X.CompareTo(M) >= 0)
            {
                X = X.Mod(M);
            }

            int bits = M.BitLength;

#if NETCOREAPP2_1_OR_GREATER || NETSTANDARD2_1_OR_GREATER
            if (bits <= 2048)
            {
                int len = Nat.GetLengthForBits(bits);
                Span<uint> m = stackalloc uint[len];
                Span<uint> x = stackalloc uint[len];
                Span<uint> z = stackalloc uint[len];
                Nat.FromBigInteger(bits, M, m);
                Nat.FromBigInteger(bits, X, x);
                if (0 == Mod.ModOddInverse(m, x, z))
                    throw new ArithmeticException("BigInteger not invertible");
                return Nat.ToBigInteger(len, z);
            }
            else
#endif
            {
                uint[] m = Nat.FromBigInteger(bits, M);
                uint[] x = Nat.FromBigInteger(bits, X);
                int len = m.Length;
                uint[] z = Nat.Create(len);
                if (0 == Mod.ModOddInverse(m, x, z))
                    throw new ArithmeticException("BigInteger not invertible");
                return Nat.ToBigInteger(len, z);
            }
        }

        public static BigInteger ModOddInverseVar(BigInteger M, BigInteger X)
        {
            if (!M.TestBit(0))
                throw new ArgumentException("must be odd", nameof(M));
            if (M.SignValue != 1)
                throw new ArithmeticException("BigInteger: modulus not positive");
            if (M.Equals(One))
                return Zero;
            if (X.SignValue < 0 || X.CompareTo(M) >= 0)
            {
                X = X.Mod(M);
            }
            if (X.Equals(One))
                return One;

            int bits = M.BitLength;

#if NETCOREAPP2_1_OR_GREATER || NETSTANDARD2_1_OR_GREATER
            if (bits <= 2048)
            {
                int len = Nat.GetLengthForBits(bits);
                Span<uint> m = stackalloc uint[len];
                Span<uint> x = stackalloc uint[len];
                Span<uint> z = stackalloc uint[len];
                Nat.FromBigInteger(bits, M, m);
                Nat.FromBigInteger(bits, X, x);
                if (!Mod.ModOddInverseVar(m, x, z))
                    throw new ArithmeticException("BigInteger not invertible");
                return Nat.ToBigInteger(len, z);
            }
            else
#endif
            {
                uint[] m = Nat.FromBigInteger(bits, M);
                uint[] x = Nat.FromBigInteger(bits, X);
                int len = m.Length;
                uint[] z = Nat.Create(len);
                if (!Mod.ModOddInverseVar(m, x, z))
                    throw new ArithmeticException("BigInteger not invertible");
                return Nat.ToBigInteger(len, z);
            }
        }
    }
}