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-rw-r--r--crypto/src/math/ec/ECCurve.cs14
-rw-r--r--crypto/src/math/ec/LongArray.cs1228
-rw-r--r--crypto/src/math/raw/Interleave.cs52
3 files changed, 197 insertions, 1097 deletions
diff --git a/crypto/src/math/ec/ECCurve.cs b/crypto/src/math/ec/ECCurve.cs
index 8b078c2a8..38e05991e 100644
--- a/crypto/src/math/ec/ECCurve.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/math/ec/ECCurve.cs
@@ -1351,7 +1351,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Math.EC
         {
             int FE_LONGS = (m + 63) / 64;
 
-            long[] table = new long[len * FE_LONGS * 2];
+            ulong[] table = new ulong[len * FE_LONGS * 2];
             {
                 int pos = 0;
                 for (int i = 0; i < len; ++i)
@@ -1369,10 +1369,10 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Math.EC
             : AbstractECLookupTable
         {
             private readonly F2mCurve m_outer;
-            private readonly long[] m_table;
+            private readonly ulong[] m_table;
             private readonly int m_size;
 
-            internal DefaultF2mLookupTable(F2mCurve outer, long[] table, int size)
+            internal DefaultF2mLookupTable(F2mCurve outer, ulong[] table, int size)
             {
                 this.m_outer = outer;
                 this.m_table = table;
@@ -1387,12 +1387,12 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Math.EC
             public override ECPoint Lookup(int index)
             {
                 int FE_LONGS = (m_outer.m + 63) / 64;
-                long[] x = new long[FE_LONGS], y = new long[FE_LONGS];
+                ulong[] x = new ulong[FE_LONGS], y = new ulong[FE_LONGS];
                 int pos = 0;
 
                 for (int i = 0; i < m_size; ++i)
                 {
-                    long MASK =((i ^ index) - 1) >> 31;
+                    ulong MASK = (ulong)(long)(((i ^ index) - 1) >> 31);
 
                     for (int j = 0; j < FE_LONGS; ++j)
                     {
@@ -1409,7 +1409,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Math.EC
             public override ECPoint LookupVar(int index)
             {
                 int FE_LONGS = (m_outer.m + 63) / 64;
-                long[] x = new long[FE_LONGS], y = new long[FE_LONGS];
+                ulong[] x = new ulong[FE_LONGS], y = new ulong[FE_LONGS];
                 int pos = index * FE_LONGS * 2;
 
                 for (int j = 0; j < FE_LONGS; ++j)
@@ -1421,7 +1421,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Math.EC
                 return CreatePoint(x, y);
             }
 
-            private ECPoint CreatePoint(long[] x, long[] y)
+            private ECPoint CreatePoint(ulong[] x, ulong[] y)
             {
                 int m = m_outer.m;
                 int[] ks = m_outer.IsTrinomial()
diff --git a/crypto/src/math/ec/LongArray.cs b/crypto/src/math/ec/LongArray.cs
index a6b834fbe..0cf32fd15 100644
--- a/crypto/src/math/ec/LongArray.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/math/ec/LongArray.cs
@@ -5,316 +5,32 @@ using Org.BouncyCastle.Utilities;
 
 namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Math.EC
 {
-    internal class LongArray
+    internal sealed class LongArray
     {
-        //private static long DEInterleave_MASK = 0x5555555555555555L;
-
-        /*
-         * This expands 8 bit indices into 16 bit contents (high bit 14), by inserting 0s between bits.
-         * In a binary field, this operation is the same as squaring an 8 bit number.
-         */
-        private static readonly ushort[] INTERLEAVE2_TABLE = new ushort[]
-        {
-            0x0000, 0x0001, 0x0004, 0x0005, 0x0010, 0x0011, 0x0014, 0x0015,
-            0x0040, 0x0041, 0x0044, 0x0045, 0x0050, 0x0051, 0x0054, 0x0055,
-            0x0100, 0x0101, 0x0104, 0x0105, 0x0110, 0x0111, 0x0114, 0x0115,
-            0x0140, 0x0141, 0x0144, 0x0145, 0x0150, 0x0151, 0x0154, 0x0155,
-            0x0400, 0x0401, 0x0404, 0x0405, 0x0410, 0x0411, 0x0414, 0x0415,
-            0x0440, 0x0441, 0x0444, 0x0445, 0x0450, 0x0451, 0x0454, 0x0455,
-            0x0500, 0x0501, 0x0504, 0x0505, 0x0510, 0x0511, 0x0514, 0x0515,
-            0x0540, 0x0541, 0x0544, 0x0545, 0x0550, 0x0551, 0x0554, 0x0555,
-            0x1000, 0x1001, 0x1004, 0x1005, 0x1010, 0x1011, 0x1014, 0x1015,
-            0x1040, 0x1041, 0x1044, 0x1045, 0x1050, 0x1051, 0x1054, 0x1055,
-            0x1100, 0x1101, 0x1104, 0x1105, 0x1110, 0x1111, 0x1114, 0x1115,
-            0x1140, 0x1141, 0x1144, 0x1145, 0x1150, 0x1151, 0x1154, 0x1155,
-            0x1400, 0x1401, 0x1404, 0x1405, 0x1410, 0x1411, 0x1414, 0x1415,
-            0x1440, 0x1441, 0x1444, 0x1445, 0x1450, 0x1451, 0x1454, 0x1455,
-            0x1500, 0x1501, 0x1504, 0x1505, 0x1510, 0x1511, 0x1514, 0x1515,
-            0x1540, 0x1541, 0x1544, 0x1545, 0x1550, 0x1551, 0x1554, 0x1555,
-            0x4000, 0x4001, 0x4004, 0x4005, 0x4010, 0x4011, 0x4014, 0x4015,
-            0x4040, 0x4041, 0x4044, 0x4045, 0x4050, 0x4051, 0x4054, 0x4055,
-            0x4100, 0x4101, 0x4104, 0x4105, 0x4110, 0x4111, 0x4114, 0x4115,
-            0x4140, 0x4141, 0x4144, 0x4145, 0x4150, 0x4151, 0x4154, 0x4155,
-            0x4400, 0x4401, 0x4404, 0x4405, 0x4410, 0x4411, 0x4414, 0x4415,
-            0x4440, 0x4441, 0x4444, 0x4445, 0x4450, 0x4451, 0x4454, 0x4455,
-            0x4500, 0x4501, 0x4504, 0x4505, 0x4510, 0x4511, 0x4514, 0x4515,
-            0x4540, 0x4541, 0x4544, 0x4545, 0x4550, 0x4551, 0x4554, 0x4555,
-            0x5000, 0x5001, 0x5004, 0x5005, 0x5010, 0x5011, 0x5014, 0x5015,
-            0x5040, 0x5041, 0x5044, 0x5045, 0x5050, 0x5051, 0x5054, 0x5055,
-            0x5100, 0x5101, 0x5104, 0x5105, 0x5110, 0x5111, 0x5114, 0x5115,
-            0x5140, 0x5141, 0x5144, 0x5145, 0x5150, 0x5151, 0x5154, 0x5155,
-            0x5400, 0x5401, 0x5404, 0x5405, 0x5410, 0x5411, 0x5414, 0x5415,
-            0x5440, 0x5441, 0x5444, 0x5445, 0x5450, 0x5451, 0x5454, 0x5455,
-            0x5500, 0x5501, 0x5504, 0x5505, 0x5510, 0x5511, 0x5514, 0x5515,
-            0x5540, 0x5541, 0x5544, 0x5545, 0x5550, 0x5551, 0x5554, 0x5555
-        };
-
-        /*
-         * This expands 7 bit indices into 21 bit contents (high bit 18), by inserting 0s between bits.
-         */
-        private static readonly int[] INTERLEAVE3_TABLE = new  int[]
-        {
-            0x00000, 0x00001, 0x00008, 0x00009, 0x00040, 0x00041, 0x00048, 0x00049,
-            0x00200, 0x00201, 0x00208, 0x00209, 0x00240, 0x00241, 0x00248, 0x00249,
-            0x01000, 0x01001, 0x01008, 0x01009, 0x01040, 0x01041, 0x01048, 0x01049,
-            0x01200, 0x01201, 0x01208, 0x01209, 0x01240, 0x01241, 0x01248, 0x01249,
-            0x08000, 0x08001, 0x08008, 0x08009, 0x08040, 0x08041, 0x08048, 0x08049,
-            0x08200, 0x08201, 0x08208, 0x08209, 0x08240, 0x08241, 0x08248, 0x08249,
-            0x09000, 0x09001, 0x09008, 0x09009, 0x09040, 0x09041, 0x09048, 0x09049,
-            0x09200, 0x09201, 0x09208, 0x09209, 0x09240, 0x09241, 0x09248, 0x09249,
-            0x40000, 0x40001, 0x40008, 0x40009, 0x40040, 0x40041, 0x40048, 0x40049,
-            0x40200, 0x40201, 0x40208, 0x40209, 0x40240, 0x40241, 0x40248, 0x40249,
-            0x41000, 0x41001, 0x41008, 0x41009, 0x41040, 0x41041, 0x41048, 0x41049,
-            0x41200, 0x41201, 0x41208, 0x41209, 0x41240, 0x41241, 0x41248, 0x41249,
-            0x48000, 0x48001, 0x48008, 0x48009, 0x48040, 0x48041, 0x48048, 0x48049,
-            0x48200, 0x48201, 0x48208, 0x48209, 0x48240, 0x48241, 0x48248, 0x48249,
-            0x49000, 0x49001, 0x49008, 0x49009, 0x49040, 0x49041, 0x49048, 0x49049,
-            0x49200, 0x49201, 0x49208, 0x49209, 0x49240, 0x49241, 0x49248, 0x49249
-        };
-
-        /*
-         * This expands 8 bit indices into 32 bit contents (high bit 28), by inserting 0s between bits.
-         */
-        private static readonly int[] INTERLEAVE4_TABLE = new int[]
-        {
-            0x00000000, 0x00000001, 0x00000010, 0x00000011, 0x00000100, 0x00000101, 0x00000110, 0x00000111,
-            0x00001000, 0x00001001, 0x00001010, 0x00001011, 0x00001100, 0x00001101, 0x00001110, 0x00001111,
-            0x00010000, 0x00010001, 0x00010010, 0x00010011, 0x00010100, 0x00010101, 0x00010110, 0x00010111,
-            0x00011000, 0x00011001, 0x00011010, 0x00011011, 0x00011100, 0x00011101, 0x00011110, 0x00011111,
-            0x00100000, 0x00100001, 0x00100010, 0x00100011, 0x00100100, 0x00100101, 0x00100110, 0x00100111,
-            0x00101000, 0x00101001, 0x00101010, 0x00101011, 0x00101100, 0x00101101, 0x00101110, 0x00101111,
-            0x00110000, 0x00110001, 0x00110010, 0x00110011, 0x00110100, 0x00110101, 0x00110110, 0x00110111,
-            0x00111000, 0x00111001, 0x00111010, 0x00111011, 0x00111100, 0x00111101, 0x00111110, 0x00111111,
-            0x01000000, 0x01000001, 0x01000010, 0x01000011, 0x01000100, 0x01000101, 0x01000110, 0x01000111,
-            0x01001000, 0x01001001, 0x01001010, 0x01001011, 0x01001100, 0x01001101, 0x01001110, 0x01001111,
-            0x01010000, 0x01010001, 0x01010010, 0x01010011, 0x01010100, 0x01010101, 0x01010110, 0x01010111,
-            0x01011000, 0x01011001, 0x01011010, 0x01011011, 0x01011100, 0x01011101, 0x01011110, 0x01011111,
-            0x01100000, 0x01100001, 0x01100010, 0x01100011, 0x01100100, 0x01100101, 0x01100110, 0x01100111,
-            0x01101000, 0x01101001, 0x01101010, 0x01101011, 0x01101100, 0x01101101, 0x01101110, 0x01101111,
-            0x01110000, 0x01110001, 0x01110010, 0x01110011, 0x01110100, 0x01110101, 0x01110110, 0x01110111,
-            0x01111000, 0x01111001, 0x01111010, 0x01111011, 0x01111100, 0x01111101, 0x01111110, 0x01111111,
-            0x10000000, 0x10000001, 0x10000010, 0x10000011, 0x10000100, 0x10000101, 0x10000110, 0x10000111,
-            0x10001000, 0x10001001, 0x10001010, 0x10001011, 0x10001100, 0x10001101, 0x10001110, 0x10001111,
-            0x10010000, 0x10010001, 0x10010010, 0x10010011, 0x10010100, 0x10010101, 0x10010110, 0x10010111,
-            0x10011000, 0x10011001, 0x10011010, 0x10011011, 0x10011100, 0x10011101, 0x10011110, 0x10011111,
-            0x10100000, 0x10100001, 0x10100010, 0x10100011, 0x10100100, 0x10100101, 0x10100110, 0x10100111,
-            0x10101000, 0x10101001, 0x10101010, 0x10101011, 0x10101100, 0x10101101, 0x10101110, 0x10101111,
-            0x10110000, 0x10110001, 0x10110010, 0x10110011, 0x10110100, 0x10110101, 0x10110110, 0x10110111,
-            0x10111000, 0x10111001, 0x10111010, 0x10111011, 0x10111100, 0x10111101, 0x10111110, 0x10111111,
-            0x11000000, 0x11000001, 0x11000010, 0x11000011, 0x11000100, 0x11000101, 0x11000110, 0x11000111,
-            0x11001000, 0x11001001, 0x11001010, 0x11001011, 0x11001100, 0x11001101, 0x11001110, 0x11001111,
-            0x11010000, 0x11010001, 0x11010010, 0x11010011, 0x11010100, 0x11010101, 0x11010110, 0x11010111,
-            0x11011000, 0x11011001, 0x11011010, 0x11011011, 0x11011100, 0x11011101, 0x11011110, 0x11011111,
-            0x11100000, 0x11100001, 0x11100010, 0x11100011, 0x11100100, 0x11100101, 0x11100110, 0x11100111,
-            0x11101000, 0x11101001, 0x11101010, 0x11101011, 0x11101100, 0x11101101, 0x11101110, 0x11101111,
-            0x11110000, 0x11110001, 0x11110010, 0x11110011, 0x11110100, 0x11110101, 0x11110110, 0x11110111,
-            0x11111000, 0x11111001, 0x11111010, 0x11111011, 0x11111100, 0x11111101, 0x11111110, 0x11111111
-        };
-
-        /*
-         * This expands 7 bit indices into 35 bit contents (high bit 30), by inserting 0s between bits.
-         */
-        private static readonly int[] INTERLEAVE5_TABLE = new int[] {
-            0x00000000, 0x00000001, 0x00000020, 0x00000021, 0x00000400, 0x00000401, 0x00000420, 0x00000421,
-            0x00008000, 0x00008001, 0x00008020, 0x00008021, 0x00008400, 0x00008401, 0x00008420, 0x00008421,
-            0x00100000, 0x00100001, 0x00100020, 0x00100021, 0x00100400, 0x00100401, 0x00100420, 0x00100421,
-            0x00108000, 0x00108001, 0x00108020, 0x00108021, 0x00108400, 0x00108401, 0x00108420, 0x00108421,
-            0x02000000, 0x02000001, 0x02000020, 0x02000021, 0x02000400, 0x02000401, 0x02000420, 0x02000421,
-            0x02008000, 0x02008001, 0x02008020, 0x02008021, 0x02008400, 0x02008401, 0x02008420, 0x02008421,
-            0x02100000, 0x02100001, 0x02100020, 0x02100021, 0x02100400, 0x02100401, 0x02100420, 0x02100421,
-            0x02108000, 0x02108001, 0x02108020, 0x02108021, 0x02108400, 0x02108401, 0x02108420, 0x02108421,
-            0x40000000, 0x40000001, 0x40000020, 0x40000021, 0x40000400, 0x40000401, 0x40000420, 0x40000421,
-            0x40008000, 0x40008001, 0x40008020, 0x40008021, 0x40008400, 0x40008401, 0x40008420, 0x40008421,
-            0x40100000, 0x40100001, 0x40100020, 0x40100021, 0x40100400, 0x40100401, 0x40100420, 0x40100421,
-            0x40108000, 0x40108001, 0x40108020, 0x40108021, 0x40108400, 0x40108401, 0x40108420, 0x40108421,
-            0x42000000, 0x42000001, 0x42000020, 0x42000021, 0x42000400, 0x42000401, 0x42000420, 0x42000421,
-            0x42008000, 0x42008001, 0x42008020, 0x42008021, 0x42008400, 0x42008401, 0x42008420, 0x42008421,
-            0x42100000, 0x42100001, 0x42100020, 0x42100021, 0x42100400, 0x42100401, 0x42100420, 0x42100421,
-            0x42108000, 0x42108001, 0x42108020, 0x42108021, 0x42108400, 0x42108401, 0x42108420, 0x42108421
-        };
-
-        /*
-         * This expands 9 bit indices into 63 bit (long) contents (high bit 56), by inserting 0s between bits.
-         */
-        private static readonly long[] INTERLEAVE7_TABLE = new long[]
-        {
-            0x0000000000000000L, 0x0000000000000001L, 0x0000000000000080L, 0x0000000000000081L,
-            0x0000000000004000L, 0x0000000000004001L, 0x0000000000004080L, 0x0000000000004081L,
-            0x0000000000200000L, 0x0000000000200001L, 0x0000000000200080L, 0x0000000000200081L,
-            0x0000000000204000L, 0x0000000000204001L, 0x0000000000204080L, 0x0000000000204081L,
-            0x0000000010000000L, 0x0000000010000001L, 0x0000000010000080L, 0x0000000010000081L,
-            0x0000000010004000L, 0x0000000010004001L, 0x0000000010004080L, 0x0000000010004081L,
-            0x0000000010200000L, 0x0000000010200001L, 0x0000000010200080L, 0x0000000010200081L,
-            0x0000000010204000L, 0x0000000010204001L, 0x0000000010204080L, 0x0000000010204081L,
-            0x0000000800000000L, 0x0000000800000001L, 0x0000000800000080L, 0x0000000800000081L,
-            0x0000000800004000L, 0x0000000800004001L, 0x0000000800004080L, 0x0000000800004081L,
-            0x0000000800200000L, 0x0000000800200001L, 0x0000000800200080L, 0x0000000800200081L,
-            0x0000000800204000L, 0x0000000800204001L, 0x0000000800204080L, 0x0000000800204081L,
-            0x0000000810000000L, 0x0000000810000001L, 0x0000000810000080L, 0x0000000810000081L,
-            0x0000000810004000L, 0x0000000810004001L, 0x0000000810004080L, 0x0000000810004081L,
-            0x0000000810200000L, 0x0000000810200001L, 0x0000000810200080L, 0x0000000810200081L,
-            0x0000000810204000L, 0x0000000810204001L, 0x0000000810204080L, 0x0000000810204081L,
-            0x0000040000000000L, 0x0000040000000001L, 0x0000040000000080L, 0x0000040000000081L,
-            0x0000040000004000L, 0x0000040000004001L, 0x0000040000004080L, 0x0000040000004081L,
-            0x0000040000200000L, 0x0000040000200001L, 0x0000040000200080L, 0x0000040000200081L,
-            0x0000040000204000L, 0x0000040000204001L, 0x0000040000204080L, 0x0000040000204081L,
-            0x0000040010000000L, 0x0000040010000001L, 0x0000040010000080L, 0x0000040010000081L,
-            0x0000040010004000L, 0x0000040010004001L, 0x0000040010004080L, 0x0000040010004081L,
-            0x0000040010200000L, 0x0000040010200001L, 0x0000040010200080L, 0x0000040010200081L,
-            0x0000040010204000L, 0x0000040010204001L, 0x0000040010204080L, 0x0000040010204081L,
-            0x0000040800000000L, 0x0000040800000001L, 0x0000040800000080L, 0x0000040800000081L,
-            0x0000040800004000L, 0x0000040800004001L, 0x0000040800004080L, 0x0000040800004081L,
-            0x0000040800200000L, 0x0000040800200001L, 0x0000040800200080L, 0x0000040800200081L,
-            0x0000040800204000L, 0x0000040800204001L, 0x0000040800204080L, 0x0000040800204081L,
-            0x0000040810000000L, 0x0000040810000001L, 0x0000040810000080L, 0x0000040810000081L,
-            0x0000040810004000L, 0x0000040810004001L, 0x0000040810004080L, 0x0000040810004081L,
-            0x0000040810200000L, 0x0000040810200001L, 0x0000040810200080L, 0x0000040810200081L,
-            0x0000040810204000L, 0x0000040810204001L, 0x0000040810204080L, 0x0000040810204081L,
-            0x0002000000000000L, 0x0002000000000001L, 0x0002000000000080L, 0x0002000000000081L,
-            0x0002000000004000L, 0x0002000000004001L, 0x0002000000004080L, 0x0002000000004081L,
-            0x0002000000200000L, 0x0002000000200001L, 0x0002000000200080L, 0x0002000000200081L,
-            0x0002000000204000L, 0x0002000000204001L, 0x0002000000204080L, 0x0002000000204081L,
-            0x0002000010000000L, 0x0002000010000001L, 0x0002000010000080L, 0x0002000010000081L,
-            0x0002000010004000L, 0x0002000010004001L, 0x0002000010004080L, 0x0002000010004081L,
-            0x0002000010200000L, 0x0002000010200001L, 0x0002000010200080L, 0x0002000010200081L,
-            0x0002000010204000L, 0x0002000010204001L, 0x0002000010204080L, 0x0002000010204081L,
-            0x0002000800000000L, 0x0002000800000001L, 0x0002000800000080L, 0x0002000800000081L,
-            0x0002000800004000L, 0x0002000800004001L, 0x0002000800004080L, 0x0002000800004081L,
-            0x0002000800200000L, 0x0002000800200001L, 0x0002000800200080L, 0x0002000800200081L,
-            0x0002000800204000L, 0x0002000800204001L, 0x0002000800204080L, 0x0002000800204081L,
-            0x0002000810000000L, 0x0002000810000001L, 0x0002000810000080L, 0x0002000810000081L,
-            0x0002000810004000L, 0x0002000810004001L, 0x0002000810004080L, 0x0002000810004081L,
-            0x0002000810200000L, 0x0002000810200001L, 0x0002000810200080L, 0x0002000810200081L,
-            0x0002000810204000L, 0x0002000810204001L, 0x0002000810204080L, 0x0002000810204081L,
-            0x0002040000000000L, 0x0002040000000001L, 0x0002040000000080L, 0x0002040000000081L,
-            0x0002040000004000L, 0x0002040000004001L, 0x0002040000004080L, 0x0002040000004081L,
-            0x0002040000200000L, 0x0002040000200001L, 0x0002040000200080L, 0x0002040000200081L,
-            0x0002040000204000L, 0x0002040000204001L, 0x0002040000204080L, 0x0002040000204081L,
-            0x0002040010000000L, 0x0002040010000001L, 0x0002040010000080L, 0x0002040010000081L,
-            0x0002040010004000L, 0x0002040010004001L, 0x0002040010004080L, 0x0002040010004081L,
-            0x0002040010200000L, 0x0002040010200001L, 0x0002040010200080L, 0x0002040010200081L,
-            0x0002040010204000L, 0x0002040010204001L, 0x0002040010204080L, 0x0002040010204081L,
-            0x0002040800000000L, 0x0002040800000001L, 0x0002040800000080L, 0x0002040800000081L,
-            0x0002040800004000L, 0x0002040800004001L, 0x0002040800004080L, 0x0002040800004081L,
-            0x0002040800200000L, 0x0002040800200001L, 0x0002040800200080L, 0x0002040800200081L,
-            0x0002040800204000L, 0x0002040800204001L, 0x0002040800204080L, 0x0002040800204081L,
-            0x0002040810000000L, 0x0002040810000001L, 0x0002040810000080L, 0x0002040810000081L,
-            0x0002040810004000L, 0x0002040810004001L, 0x0002040810004080L, 0x0002040810004081L,
-            0x0002040810200000L, 0x0002040810200001L, 0x0002040810200080L, 0x0002040810200081L,
-            0x0002040810204000L, 0x0002040810204001L, 0x0002040810204080L, 0x0002040810204081L,
-            0x0100000000000000L, 0x0100000000000001L, 0x0100000000000080L, 0x0100000000000081L,
-            0x0100000000004000L, 0x0100000000004001L, 0x0100000000004080L, 0x0100000000004081L,
-            0x0100000000200000L, 0x0100000000200001L, 0x0100000000200080L, 0x0100000000200081L,
-            0x0100000000204000L, 0x0100000000204001L, 0x0100000000204080L, 0x0100000000204081L,
-            0x0100000010000000L, 0x0100000010000001L, 0x0100000010000080L, 0x0100000010000081L,
-            0x0100000010004000L, 0x0100000010004001L, 0x0100000010004080L, 0x0100000010004081L,
-            0x0100000010200000L, 0x0100000010200001L, 0x0100000010200080L, 0x0100000010200081L,
-            0x0100000010204000L, 0x0100000010204001L, 0x0100000010204080L, 0x0100000010204081L,
-            0x0100000800000000L, 0x0100000800000001L, 0x0100000800000080L, 0x0100000800000081L,
-            0x0100000800004000L, 0x0100000800004001L, 0x0100000800004080L, 0x0100000800004081L,
-            0x0100000800200000L, 0x0100000800200001L, 0x0100000800200080L, 0x0100000800200081L,
-            0x0100000800204000L, 0x0100000800204001L, 0x0100000800204080L, 0x0100000800204081L,
-            0x0100000810000000L, 0x0100000810000001L, 0x0100000810000080L, 0x0100000810000081L,
-            0x0100000810004000L, 0x0100000810004001L, 0x0100000810004080L, 0x0100000810004081L,
-            0x0100000810200000L, 0x0100000810200001L, 0x0100000810200080L, 0x0100000810200081L,
-            0x0100000810204000L, 0x0100000810204001L, 0x0100000810204080L, 0x0100000810204081L,
-            0x0100040000000000L, 0x0100040000000001L, 0x0100040000000080L, 0x0100040000000081L,
-            0x0100040000004000L, 0x0100040000004001L, 0x0100040000004080L, 0x0100040000004081L,
-            0x0100040000200000L, 0x0100040000200001L, 0x0100040000200080L, 0x0100040000200081L,
-            0x0100040000204000L, 0x0100040000204001L, 0x0100040000204080L, 0x0100040000204081L,
-            0x0100040010000000L, 0x0100040010000001L, 0x0100040010000080L, 0x0100040010000081L,
-            0x0100040010004000L, 0x0100040010004001L, 0x0100040010004080L, 0x0100040010004081L,
-            0x0100040010200000L, 0x0100040010200001L, 0x0100040010200080L, 0x0100040010200081L,
-            0x0100040010204000L, 0x0100040010204001L, 0x0100040010204080L, 0x0100040010204081L,
-            0x0100040800000000L, 0x0100040800000001L, 0x0100040800000080L, 0x0100040800000081L,
-            0x0100040800004000L, 0x0100040800004001L, 0x0100040800004080L, 0x0100040800004081L,
-            0x0100040800200000L, 0x0100040800200001L, 0x0100040800200080L, 0x0100040800200081L,
-            0x0100040800204000L, 0x0100040800204001L, 0x0100040800204080L, 0x0100040800204081L,
-            0x0100040810000000L, 0x0100040810000001L, 0x0100040810000080L, 0x0100040810000081L,
-            0x0100040810004000L, 0x0100040810004001L, 0x0100040810004080L, 0x0100040810004081L,
-            0x0100040810200000L, 0x0100040810200001L, 0x0100040810200080L, 0x0100040810200081L,
-            0x0100040810204000L, 0x0100040810204001L, 0x0100040810204080L, 0x0100040810204081L,
-            0x0102000000000000L, 0x0102000000000001L, 0x0102000000000080L, 0x0102000000000081L,
-            0x0102000000004000L, 0x0102000000004001L, 0x0102000000004080L, 0x0102000000004081L,
-            0x0102000000200000L, 0x0102000000200001L, 0x0102000000200080L, 0x0102000000200081L,
-            0x0102000000204000L, 0x0102000000204001L, 0x0102000000204080L, 0x0102000000204081L,
-            0x0102000010000000L, 0x0102000010000001L, 0x0102000010000080L, 0x0102000010000081L,
-            0x0102000010004000L, 0x0102000010004001L, 0x0102000010004080L, 0x0102000010004081L,
-            0x0102000010200000L, 0x0102000010200001L, 0x0102000010200080L, 0x0102000010200081L,
-            0x0102000010204000L, 0x0102000010204001L, 0x0102000010204080L, 0x0102000010204081L,
-            0x0102000800000000L, 0x0102000800000001L, 0x0102000800000080L, 0x0102000800000081L,
-            0x0102000800004000L, 0x0102000800004001L, 0x0102000800004080L, 0x0102000800004081L,
-            0x0102000800200000L, 0x0102000800200001L, 0x0102000800200080L, 0x0102000800200081L,
-            0x0102000800204000L, 0x0102000800204001L, 0x0102000800204080L, 0x0102000800204081L,
-            0x0102000810000000L, 0x0102000810000001L, 0x0102000810000080L, 0x0102000810000081L,
-            0x0102000810004000L, 0x0102000810004001L, 0x0102000810004080L, 0x0102000810004081L,
-            0x0102000810200000L, 0x0102000810200001L, 0x0102000810200080L, 0x0102000810200081L,
-            0x0102000810204000L, 0x0102000810204001L, 0x0102000810204080L, 0x0102000810204081L,
-            0x0102040000000000L, 0x0102040000000001L, 0x0102040000000080L, 0x0102040000000081L,
-            0x0102040000004000L, 0x0102040000004001L, 0x0102040000004080L, 0x0102040000004081L,
-            0x0102040000200000L, 0x0102040000200001L, 0x0102040000200080L, 0x0102040000200081L,
-            0x0102040000204000L, 0x0102040000204001L, 0x0102040000204080L, 0x0102040000204081L,
-            0x0102040010000000L, 0x0102040010000001L, 0x0102040010000080L, 0x0102040010000081L,
-            0x0102040010004000L, 0x0102040010004001L, 0x0102040010004080L, 0x0102040010004081L,
-            0x0102040010200000L, 0x0102040010200001L, 0x0102040010200080L, 0x0102040010200081L,
-            0x0102040010204000L, 0x0102040010204001L, 0x0102040010204080L, 0x0102040010204081L,
-            0x0102040800000000L, 0x0102040800000001L, 0x0102040800000080L, 0x0102040800000081L,
-            0x0102040800004000L, 0x0102040800004001L, 0x0102040800004080L, 0x0102040800004081L,
-            0x0102040800200000L, 0x0102040800200001L, 0x0102040800200080L, 0x0102040800200081L,
-            0x0102040800204000L, 0x0102040800204001L, 0x0102040800204080L, 0x0102040800204081L,
-            0x0102040810000000L, 0x0102040810000001L, 0x0102040810000080L, 0x0102040810000081L,
-            0x0102040810004000L, 0x0102040810004001L, 0x0102040810004080L, 0x0102040810004081L,
-            0x0102040810200000L, 0x0102040810200001L, 0x0102040810200080L, 0x0102040810200081L,
-            0x0102040810204000L, 0x0102040810204001L, 0x0102040810204080L, 0x0102040810204081L
-        };
-
-        // For toString(); must have length 64
-        private const string ZEROES = "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000";
-
-        internal static readonly byte[] BitLengths =
-        {
-            0, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
-            5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5,
-            6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6,
-            6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6,
-            7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7,
-            7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7,
-            7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7,
-            7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7,
-            8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8,
-            8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8,
-            8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8,
-            8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8,
-            8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8,
-            8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8,
-            8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8,
-            8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8
-        };
-
         // TODO make m fixed for the LongArray, and hence compute T once and for all
 
-        private long[] m_ints;
+        private ulong[] m_data;
 
         public LongArray(int intLen)
         {
-            m_ints = new long[intLen];
+            m_data = new ulong[intLen];
         }
 
-        public LongArray(long[] ints)
+        public LongArray(ulong[] data)
         {
-            m_ints = ints;
+            m_data = data;
         }
 
-        public LongArray(long[] ints, int off, int len)
+        public LongArray(ulong[] data, int off, int len)
         {
-            if (off == 0 && len == ints.Length)
+            if (off == 0 && len == data.Length)
             {
-                m_ints = ints;
+                m_data = data;
             }
             else
             {
-                m_ints = new long[len];
-                Array.Copy(ints, off, m_ints, 0, len);
+                m_data = new ulong[len];
+                Array.Copy(data, off, m_data, 0, len);
             }
         }
 
@@ -327,7 +43,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Math.EC
 
             if (bigInt.SignValue == 0)
             {
-                m_ints = new long[] { 0L };
+                m_data = new ulong[]{ 0UL };
                 return;
             }
 
@@ -342,11 +58,11 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Math.EC
                 barrStart = 1;
             }
             int intLen = (barrLen + 7) / 8;
-            m_ints = new long[intLen];
+            m_data = new ulong[intLen];
 
             int iarrJ = intLen - 1;
             int rem = barrLen % 8 + barrStart;
-            long temp = 0;
+            ulong temp = 0;
             int barrI = barrStart;
             if (barrStart < rem)
             {
@@ -356,7 +72,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Math.EC
                     uint barrBarrI = barr[barrI];
                     temp |= barrBarrI;
                 }
-                m_ints[iarrJ--] = temp;
+                m_data[iarrJ--] = temp;
             }
 
             for (; iarrJ >= 0; iarrJ--)
@@ -368,25 +84,26 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Math.EC
                     uint barrBarrI = barr[barrI++];
                     temp |= barrBarrI;
                 }
-                m_ints[iarrJ] = temp;
+                m_data[iarrJ] = temp;
             }
         }
 
-        internal void CopyTo(long[] z, int zOff)
+        internal void CopyTo(ulong[] z, int zOff)
         {
-            Array.Copy(m_ints, 0, z, zOff, m_ints.Length);
+            Array.Copy(m_data, 0, z, zOff, m_data.Length);
         }
 
         public bool IsOne()
         {
-            long[] a = m_ints;
-            if (a[0] != 1L)
+            ulong[] a = m_data;
+            int aLen = a.Length;
+            if (aLen < 1 || a[0] != 1UL)
             {
                 return false;
             }
-            for (int i = 1; i < a.Length; ++i)
+            for (int i = 1; i < aLen; ++i)
             {
-                if (a[i] != 0L)
+                if (a[i] != 0UL)
                 {
                     return false;
                 }
@@ -396,10 +113,10 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Math.EC
 
         public bool IsZero()
         {
-            long[] a = m_ints;
+            ulong[] a = m_data;
             for (int i = 0; i < a.Length; ++i)
             {
-                if (a[i] != 0L)
+                if (a[i] != 0UL)
                 {
                     return false;
                 }
@@ -409,12 +126,12 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Math.EC
 
         public int GetUsedLength()
         {
-            return GetUsedLengthFrom(m_ints.Length);
+            return GetUsedLengthFrom(m_data.Length);
         }
 
         public int GetUsedLengthFrom(int from)
         {
-            long[] a = m_ints;
+            ulong[] a = m_data;
             from = System.Math.Min(from, a.Length);
 
             if (from < 1)
@@ -423,9 +140,9 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Math.EC
             }
 
             // Check if first element will act as sentinel
-            if (a[0] != 0)
+            if (a[0] != 0UL)
             {
-                while (a[--from] == 0)
+                while (a[--from] == 0UL)
                 {
                 }
                 return from + 1;
@@ -433,7 +150,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Math.EC
 
             do
             {
-                if (a[--from] != 0)
+                if (a[--from] != 0UL)
                 {
                     return from + 1;
                 }
@@ -445,17 +162,17 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Math.EC
 
         public int Degree()
         {
-            int i = m_ints.Length;
-            long w;
+            int i = m_data.Length;
+            ulong w;
             do
             {
                 if (i == 0)
                 {
                     return 0;
                 }
-                w = m_ints[--i];
+                w = m_data[--i];
             }
-            while (w == 0);
+            while (w == 0UL);
 
             return (i << 6) + BitLength(w);
         }
@@ -463,76 +180,29 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Math.EC
         private int DegreeFrom(int limit)
         {
             int i = (int)(((uint)limit + 62) >> 6);
-            long w;
+            ulong w;
             do
             {
                 if (i == 0)
                 {
                     return 0;
                 }
-                w = m_ints[--i];
+                w = m_data[--i];
             }
             while (w == 0);
 
             return (i << 6) + BitLength(w);
         }
 
-    //    private int lowestCoefficient()
-    //    {
-    //        for (int i = 0; i < m_ints.Length; ++i)
-    //        {
-    //            long mi = m_ints[i];
-    //            if (mi != 0)
-    //            {
-    //                int j = 0;
-    //                while ((mi & 0xFFL) == 0)
-    //                {
-    //                    j += 8;
-    //                    mi >>>= 8;
-    //                }
-    //                while ((mi & 1L) == 0)
-    //                {
-    //                    ++j;
-    //                    mi >>>= 1;
-    //                }
-    //                return (i << 6) + j;
-    //            }
-    //        }
-    //        return -1;
-    //    }
-
-        private static int BitLength(long w)
+        private static int BitLength(ulong w)
         {
-            int u = (int)((ulong)w >> 32), b;
-            if (u == 0)
-            {
-                u = (int)w;
-                b = 0;
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                b = 32;
-            }
-
-            int t = (int)((uint)u >> 16), k;
-            if (t == 0)
-            {
-                t = (int)((uint)u >> 8);
-                k = (t == 0) ? BitLengths[u] : 8 + BitLengths[t];
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                int v = (int)((uint)t >> 8);
-                k = (v == 0) ? 16 + BitLengths[t] : 24 + BitLengths[v];
-            }
-
-            return b + k;
+            return 64 - Longs.NumberOfLeadingZeros((long)w);
         }
 
-        private long[] ResizedInts(int newLen)
+        private ulong[] ResizedData(int newLen)
         {
-            long[] newInts = new long[newLen];
-            Array.Copy(m_ints, 0, newInts, 0, System.Math.Min(m_ints.Length, newLen));
+            ulong[] newInts = new ulong[newLen];
+            Array.Copy(m_data, 0, newInts, 0, System.Math.Min(m_data.Length, newLen));
             return newInts;
         }
 
@@ -544,13 +214,13 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Math.EC
                 return BigInteger.Zero;
             }
 
-            long highestInt = m_ints[usedLen - 1];
+            ulong highestInt = m_data[usedLen - 1];
             byte[] temp = new byte[8];
             int barrI = 0;
             bool trailingZeroBytesDone = false;
             for (int j = 7; j >= 0; j--)
             {
-                byte thisByte = (byte)((ulong)highestInt >> (8 * j));
+                byte thisByte = (byte)(highestInt >> (8 * j));
                 if (trailingZeroBytesDone || (thisByte != 0))
                 {
                     trailingZeroBytesDone = true;
@@ -568,93 +238,54 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Math.EC
 
             for (int iarrJ = usedLen - 2; iarrJ >= 0; iarrJ--)
             {
-                long mi = m_ints[iarrJ];
+                ulong mi = m_data[iarrJ];
                 for (int j = 7; j >= 0; j--)
                 {
-                    barr[barrI++] = (byte)((ulong)mi >> (8 * j));
+                    barr[barrI++] = (byte)(mi >> (8 * j));
                 }
             }
             return new BigInteger(1, barr);
         }
 
-    //    private static long shiftUp(long[] x, int xOff, int count)
-    //    {
-    //        long prev = 0;
-    //        for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i)
-    //        {
-    //            long next = x[xOff + i];
-    //            x[xOff + i] = (next << 1) | prev;
-    //            prev = next >>> 63;
-    //        }
-    //        return prev;
-    //    }
-
-        private static long ShiftUp(long[] x, int xOff, int count, int shift)
+        private static ulong ShiftUp(ulong[] x, int xOff, int count, int shift)
         {
             int shiftInv = 64 - shift;
-            long prev = 0;
+            ulong prev = 0UL;
             for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i)
             {
-                long next = x[xOff + i];
+                ulong next = x[xOff + i];
                 x[xOff + i] = (next << shift) | prev;
-                prev = (long)((ulong)next >> shiftInv);
+                prev = next >> shiftInv;
             }
             return prev;
         }
 
-        private static long ShiftUp(long[] x, int xOff, long[] z, int zOff, int count, int shift)
+        private static ulong ShiftUp(ulong[] x, int xOff, ulong[] z, int zOff, int count, int shift)
         {
             int shiftInv = 64 - shift;
-            long prev = 0;
+            ulong prev = 0UL;
             for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i)
             {
-                long next = x[xOff + i];
+                ulong next = x[xOff + i];
                 z[zOff + i] = (next << shift) | prev;
-                prev = (long)((ulong)next >> shiftInv);
+                prev = next >> shiftInv;
             }
             return prev;
         }
 
         public LongArray AddOne()
         {
-            if (m_ints.Length == 0)
+            if (m_data.Length == 0)
             {
-                return new LongArray(new long[]{ 1L });
+                return new LongArray(new ulong[]{ 1UL });
             }
 
             int resultLen = System.Math.Max(1, GetUsedLength());
-            long[] ints = ResizedInts(resultLen);
-            ints[0] ^= 1L;
-            return new LongArray(ints);
+            ulong[] data = ResizedData(resultLen);
+            data[0] ^= 1UL;
+            return new LongArray(data);
         }
 
-    //    private void addShiftedByBits(LongArray other, int bits)
-    //    {
-    //        int words = bits >>> 6;
-    //        int shift = bits & 0x3F;
-    //
-    //        if (shift == 0)
-    //        {
-    //            addShiftedByWords(other, words);
-    //            return;
-    //        }
-    //
-    //        int otherUsedLen = other.GetUsedLength();
-    //        if (otherUsedLen == 0)
-    //        {
-    //            return;
-    //        }
-    //
-    //        int minLen = otherUsedLen + words + 1;
-    //        if (minLen > m_ints.Length)
-    //        {
-    //            m_ints = resizedInts(minLen);
-    //        }
-    //
-    //        long carry = addShiftedByBits(m_ints, words, other.m_ints, 0, otherUsedLen, shift);
-    //        m_ints[otherUsedLen + words] ^= carry;
-    //    }
-
         private void AddShiftedByBitsSafe(LongArray other, int otherDegree, int bits)
         {
             int otherLen = (int)((uint)(otherDegree + 63) >> 6);
@@ -664,39 +295,39 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Math.EC
 
             if (shift == 0)
             {
-                Add(m_ints, words, other.m_ints, 0, otherLen);
+                Add(m_data, words, other.m_data, 0, otherLen);
                 return;
             }
 
-            long carry = AddShiftedUp(m_ints, words, other.m_ints, 0, otherLen, shift);
-            if (carry != 0L)
+            ulong carry = AddShiftedUp(m_data, words, other.m_data, 0, otherLen, shift);
+            if (carry != 0UL)
             {
-                m_ints[otherLen + words] ^= carry;
+                m_data[otherLen + words] ^= carry;
             }
         }
 
-        private static long AddShiftedUp(long[] x, int xOff, long[] y, int yOff, int count, int shift)
+        private static ulong AddShiftedUp(ulong[] x, int xOff, ulong[] y, int yOff, int count, int shift)
         {
             int shiftInv = 64 - shift;
-            long prev = 0;
+            ulong prev = 0;
             for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i)
             {
-                long next = y[yOff + i];
+                ulong next = y[yOff + i];
                 x[xOff + i] ^= (next << shift) | prev;
-                prev = (long)((ulong)next >> shiftInv);
+                prev = next >> shiftInv;
             }
             return prev;
         }
 
-        private static long AddShiftedDown(long[] x, int xOff, long[] y, int yOff, int count, int shift)
+        private static ulong AddShiftedDown(ulong[] x, int xOff, ulong[] y, int yOff, int count, int shift)
         {
             int shiftInv = 64 - shift;
-            long prev = 0;
+            ulong prev = 0;
             int i = count;
             while (--i >= 0)
             {
-                long next = y[yOff + i];
-                x[xOff + i] ^= (long)((ulong)next >> shift) | prev;
+                ulong next = y[yOff + i];
+                x[xOff + i] ^= (next >> shift) | prev;
                 prev = next << shiftInv;
             }
             return prev;
@@ -711,15 +342,15 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Math.EC
             }
 
             int minLen = otherUsedLen + words;
-            if (minLen > m_ints.Length)
+            if (minLen > m_data.Length)
             {
-                m_ints = ResizedInts(minLen);
+                m_data = ResizedData(minLen);
             }
 
-            Add(m_ints, words, other.m_ints, 0, otherUsedLen);
+            Add(m_data, words, other.m_data, 0, otherUsedLen);
         }
 
-        private static void Add(long[] x, int xOff, long[] y, int yOff, int count)
+        private static void Add(ulong[] x, int xOff, ulong[] y, int yOff, int count)
         {
             for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i)
             {
@@ -727,7 +358,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Math.EC
             }
         }
 
-        private static void Add(long[] x, int xOff, long[] y, int yOff, long[] z, int zOff, int count)
+        private static void Add(ulong[] x, int xOff, ulong[] y, int yOff, ulong[] z, int zOff, int count)
         {
             for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i)
             {
@@ -735,7 +366,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Math.EC
             }
         }
 
-        private static void AddBoth(long[] x, int xOff, long[] y1, int y1Off, long[] y2, int y2Off, int count)
+        private static void AddBoth(ulong[] x, int xOff, ulong[] y1, int y1Off, ulong[] y2, int y2Off, int count)
         {
             for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i)
             {
@@ -743,22 +374,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Math.EC
             }
         }
 
-        private static void Distribute(long[] x, int src, int dst1, int dst2, int count)
-        {
-            for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i)
-            {
-                long v = x[src + i];
-                x[dst1 + i] ^= v;
-                x[dst2 + i] ^= v;
-            }
-        }
-
-        public int Length
-        {
-            get { return m_ints.Length; }
-        }
-
-        private static void FlipWord(long[] buf, int off, int bit, long word)
+        private static void FlipWord(ulong[] buf, int off, int bit, ulong word)
         {
             int n = off + (int)((uint)bit >> 6);
             int shift = bit & 0x3F;
@@ -769,7 +385,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Math.EC
             else
             {
                 buf[n] ^= word << shift;
-                word = (long)((ulong)word >> (64 - shift));
+                word = word >> (64 - shift);
                 if (word != 0)
                 {
                     buf[++n] ^= word;
@@ -777,80 +393,44 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Math.EC
             }
         }
 
-    //    private static long getWord(long[] buf, int off, int len, int bit)
-    //    {
-    //        int n = off + (bit >>> 6);
-    //        int shift = bit & 0x3F;
-    //        if (shift == 0)
-    //        {
-    //            return buf[n];
-    //        }
-    //        long result = buf[n] >>> shift;
-    //        if (++n < len)
-    //        {
-    //            result |= buf[n] << (64 - shift);
-    //        }
-    //        return result;
-    //    }
-
         public bool TestBitZero()
         {
-            return m_ints.Length > 0 && (m_ints[0] & 1L) != 0;
+            return m_data.Length > 0 && (m_data[0] & 1UL) != 0;
         }
 
-        private static bool TestBit(long[] buf, int off, int n)
+        private static bool TestBit(ulong[] buf, int off, int n)
         {
             // theInt = n / 64
             int theInt = (int)((uint)n >> 6);
             // theBit = n % 64
             int theBit = n & 0x3F;
-            long tester = 1L << theBit;
-            return (buf[off + theInt] & tester) != 0;
+            ulong tester = 1UL << theBit;
+            return (buf[off + theInt] & tester) != 0UL;
         }
 
-        private static void FlipBit(long[] buf, int off, int n)
+        private static void FlipBit(ulong[] buf, int off, int n)
         {
             // theInt = n / 64
             int theInt = (int)((uint)n >> 6);
             // theBit = n % 64
             int theBit = n & 0x3F;
-            long flipper = 1L << theBit;
+            ulong flipper = 1UL << theBit;
             buf[off + theInt] ^= flipper;
         }
 
-    //    private static void SetBit(long[] buf, int off, int n)
-    //    {
-    //        // theInt = n / 64
-    //        int theInt = n >>> 6;
-    //        // theBit = n % 64
-    //        int theBit = n & 0x3F;
-    //        long setter = 1L << theBit;
-    //        buf[off + theInt] |= setter;
-    //    }
-    //
-    //    private static void ClearBit(long[] buf, int off, int n)
-    //    {
-    //        // theInt = n / 64
-    //        int theInt = n >>> 6;
-    //        // theBit = n % 64
-    //        int theBit = n & 0x3F;
-    //        long setter = 1L << theBit;
-    //        buf[off + theInt] &= ~setter;
-    //    }
-
-        private static void MultiplyWord(long a, long[] b, int bLen, long[] c, int cOff)
+        private static void MultiplyWord(ulong a, ulong[] b, int bLen, ulong[] c, int cOff)
         {
-            if ((a & 1L) != 0L)
+            if ((a & 1UL) != 0UL)
             {
                 Add(c, cOff, b, 0, bLen);
             }
             int k = 1;
-            while ((a = (long)((ulong)a >> 1)) != 0L)
+            while ((a >>= 1) != 0UL)
             {
-                if ((a & 1L) != 0L)
+                if ((a & 1UL) != 0UL)
                 {
-                    long carry = AddShiftedUp(c, cOff, b, 0, bLen, k);
-                    if (carry != 0L)
+                    ulong carry = AddShiftedUp(c, cOff, b, 0, bLen, k);
+                    if (carry != 0UL)
                     {
                         c[cOff + bLen] ^= carry;
                     }
@@ -894,8 +474,8 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Math.EC
 
             if (aLen == 1)
             {
-                long a0 = A.m_ints[0];
-                if (a0 == 1L)
+                ulong a0 = A.m_data[0];
+                if (a0 == 1UL)
                 {
                     return B;
                 }
@@ -903,8 +483,8 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Math.EC
                 /*
                  * Fast path for small A, with performance dependent only on the number of set bits
                  */
-                long[] c0 = new long[cLen];
-                MultiplyWord(a0, B.m_ints, bLen, c0, 0);
+                ulong[] c0 = new ulong[cLen];
+                MultiplyWord(a0, B.m_data, bLen, c0, 0);
 
                 /*
                  * Reduce the raw answer against the reduction coefficients
@@ -925,10 +505,10 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Math.EC
             /*
              * Precompute table of all 4-bit products of B
              */
-            long[] T0 = new long[bMax << 4];
+            ulong[] T0 = new ulong[bMax << 4];
             int tOff = bMax;
             ti[1] = tOff;
-            Array.Copy(B.m_ints, 0, T0, tOff, bLen);
+            Array.Copy(B.m_data, 0, T0, tOff, bLen);
             for (int i = 2; i < 16; ++i)
             {
                 ti[i] = (tOff += bMax);
@@ -945,14 +525,14 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Math.EC
             /*
              * Second table with all 4-bit products of B shifted 4 bits
              */
-            long[] T1 = new long[T0.Length];
+            ulong[] T1 = new ulong[T0.Length];
             ShiftUp(T0, 0, T1, 0, T0.Length, 4);
     //        shiftUp(T0, bMax, T1, bMax, tOff, 4);
 
-            long[] a = A.m_ints;
-            long[] c = new long[cLen];
+            ulong[] a = A.m_data;
+            ulong[] c = new ulong[cLen];
 
-            int MASK = 0xF;
+            uint MASK = 0xF;
 
             /*
              * Lopez-Dahab algorithm
@@ -962,9 +542,9 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Math.EC
             {
                 for (int j = 1; j < aLen; j += 2)
                 {
-                    int aVal = (int)((ulong)a[j] >> k);
-                    int u = aVal & MASK;
-                    int v = (int)((uint)aVal >> 4) & MASK;
+                    uint aVal = (uint)(a[j] >> k);
+                    uint u = aVal & MASK;
+                    uint v = (aVal >> 4) & MASK;
                     AddBoth(c, j - 1, T0, ti[u], T1, ti[v], bMax);
                 }
                 ShiftUp(c, 0, cLen, 8);
@@ -974,9 +554,9 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Math.EC
             {
                 for (int j = 0; j < aLen; j += 2)
                 {
-                    int aVal = (int)((ulong)a[j] >> k);
-                    int u = aVal & MASK;
-                    int v = (int)((uint)aVal >> 4) & MASK;
+                    uint aVal = (uint)(a[j] >> k);
+                    uint u = aVal & MASK;
+                    uint v = (aVal >> 4) & MASK;
                     AddBoth(c, j, T0, ti[u], T1, ti[v], bMax);
                 }
                 if (k > 0)
@@ -1026,8 +606,8 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Math.EC
 
             if (aLen == 1)
             {
-                long a0 = A.m_ints[0];
-                if (a0 == 1L)
+                ulong a0 = A.m_data[0];
+                if (a0 == 1UL)
                 {
                     return B;
                 }
@@ -1035,8 +615,8 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Math.EC
                 /*
                  * Fast path for small A, with performance dependent only on the number of set bits
                  */
-                long[] c0 = new long[cLen];
-                MultiplyWord(a0, B.m_ints, bLen, c0, 0);
+                ulong[] c0 = new ulong[cLen];
+                MultiplyWord(a0, B.m_data, bLen, c0, 0);
 
                 /*
                  * Reduce the raw answer against the reduction coefficients
@@ -1057,13 +637,14 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Math.EC
             /*
              * Precompute table of all 4-bit products of B
              */
-            long[] T0 = new long[bMax << 4];
+            ulong[] T0 = new ulong[bMax << 4];
             int tOff = bMax;
             ti[1] = tOff;
-            Array.Copy(B.m_ints, 0, T0, tOff, bLen);
+            Array.Copy(B.m_data, 0, T0, tOff, bLen);
             for (int i = 2; i < 16; ++i)
             {
-                ti[i] = (tOff += bMax);
+                tOff += bMax;
+                ti[i] = tOff;
                 if ((i & 1) == 0)
                 {
                     ShiftUp(T0, (int)((uint)tOff >> 1), T0, tOff, bMax, 1);
@@ -1077,14 +658,14 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Math.EC
             /*
              * Second table with all 4-bit products of B shifted 4 bits
              */
-            long[] T1 = new long[T0.Length];
+            ulong[] T1 = new ulong[T0.Length];
             ShiftUp(T0, 0, T1, 0, T0.Length, 4);
     //        ShiftUp(T0, bMax, T1, bMax, tOff, 4);
 
-            long[] a = A.m_ints;
-            long[] c = new long[cLen << 3];
+            ulong[] a = A.m_data;
+            ulong[] c = new ulong[cLen << 3];
 
-            int MASK = 0xF;
+            uint MASK = 0xF;
 
             /*
              * Lopez-Dahab (Modified) algorithm
@@ -1092,16 +673,14 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Math.EC
 
             for (int aPos = 0; aPos < aLen; ++aPos)
             {
-                long aVal = a[aPos];
+                ulong aVal = a[aPos];
                 int cOff = aPos;
                 for (;;)
                 {
-                    int u = (int)aVal & MASK;
-                    aVal = (long)((ulong)aVal >> 4);
-                    int v = (int)aVal & MASK;
+                    uint u = (uint)aVal & MASK; aVal >>= 4;
+                    uint v = (uint)aVal & MASK; aVal >>= 4;
                     AddBoth(c, cOff, T0, ti[u], T1, ti[v], bMax);
-                    aVal = (long)((ulong)aVal >> 4);
-                    if (aVal == 0L)
+                    if (aVal == 0UL)
                     {
                         break;
                     }
@@ -1123,229 +702,12 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Math.EC
             return ReduceResult(c, 0, cLen, m, ks);
         }
 
-        public LongArray ModMultiplyAlt(LongArray other, int m, int[] ks)
-        {
-            /*
-             * Find out the degree of each argument and handle the zero cases
-             */
-            int aDeg = Degree();
-            if (aDeg == 0)
-            {
-                return this;
-            }
-            int bDeg = other.Degree();
-            if (bDeg == 0)
-            {
-                return other;
-            }
-
-            /*
-             * Swap if necessary so that A is the smaller argument
-             */
-            LongArray A = this, B = other;
-            if (aDeg > bDeg)
-            {
-                A = other; B = this;
-                int tmp = aDeg; aDeg = bDeg; bDeg = tmp;
-            }
-
-            /*
-             * Establish the word lengths of the arguments and result
-             */
-            int aLen = (int)((uint)(aDeg + 63) >> 6);
-            int bLen = (int)((uint)(bDeg + 63) >> 6);
-            int cLen = (int)((uint)(aDeg + bDeg + 62) >> 6);
-
-            if (aLen == 1)
-            {
-                long a0 = A.m_ints[0];
-                if (a0 == 1L)
-                {
-                    return B;
-                }
-
-                /*
-                 * Fast path for small A, with performance dependent only on the number of set bits
-                 */
-                long[] c0 = new long[cLen];
-                MultiplyWord(a0, B.m_ints, bLen, c0, 0);
-
-                /*
-                 * Reduce the raw answer against the reduction coefficients
-                 */
-                return ReduceResult(c0, 0, cLen, m, ks);
-            }
-
-            // NOTE: This works, but is slower than width 4 processing
-    //        if (aLen == 2)
-    //        {
-    //            /*
-    //             * Use common-multiplicand optimization to save ~1/4 of the adds
-    //             */
-    //            long a1 = A.m_ints[0], a2 = A.m_ints[1];
-    //            long aa = a1 & a2; a1 ^= aa; a2 ^= aa;
-    //
-    //            long[] b = B.m_ints;
-    //            long[] c = new long[cLen];
-    //            multiplyWord(aa, b, bLen, c, 1);
-    //            add(c, 0, c, 1, cLen - 1);
-    //            multiplyWord(a1, b, bLen, c, 0);
-    //            multiplyWord(a2, b, bLen, c, 1);
-    //
-    //            /*
-    //             * Reduce the raw answer against the reduction coefficients
-    //             */
-    //            return ReduceResult(c, 0, cLen, m, ks);
-    //        }
-
-            /*
-             * Determine the parameters of the Interleaved window algorithm: the 'width' in bits to
-             * process together, the number of evaluation 'positions' implied by that width, and the
-             * 'top' position at which the regular window algorithm stops.
-             */
-            int width, positions, top, banks;
-
-            // NOTE: width 4 is the fastest over the entire range of sizes used in current crypto 
-    //        width = 1; positions = 64; top = 64; banks = 4;
-    //        width = 2; positions = 32; top = 64; banks = 4;
-    //        width = 3; positions = 21; top = 63; banks = 3;
-            width = 4; positions = 16; top = 64; banks = 8;
-    //        width = 5; positions = 13; top = 65; banks = 7;
-    //        width = 7; positions = 9; top = 63; banks = 9;
-    //        width = 8; positions = 8; top = 64; banks = 8;
-
-            /*
-             * Determine if B will get bigger during shifting
-             */
-            int shifts = top < 64 ? positions : positions - 1;
-            int bMax = (int)((uint)(bDeg + shifts + 63) >> 6);
-
-            int bTotal = bMax * banks, stride = width * banks;
-
-            /*
-             * Create a single temporary buffer, with an offset table to find the positions of things in it 
-             */
-            int[] ci = new int[1 << width];
-            int cTotal = aLen;
-            {
-                ci[0] = cTotal;
-                cTotal += bTotal;
-                ci[1] = cTotal;
-                for (int i = 2; i < ci.Length; ++i)
-                {
-                    cTotal += cLen;
-                    ci[i] = cTotal;
-                }
-                cTotal += cLen;
-            }
-            // NOTE: Provide a safe dump for "high zeroes" since we are adding 'bMax' and not 'bLen'
-            ++cTotal;
-
-            long[] c = new long[cTotal];
-
-            // Prepare A in Interleaved form, according to the chosen width
-            Interleave(A.m_ints, 0, c, 0, aLen, width);
-
-            // Make a working copy of B, since we will be shifting it
-            {
-                int bOff = aLen;
-                Array.Copy(B.m_ints, 0, c, bOff, bLen);
-                for (int bank = 1; bank < banks; ++bank)
-                {
-                    ShiftUp(c, aLen, c, bOff += bMax, bMax, bank);
-                }
-            }
-
-            /*
-             * The main loop analyzes the Interleaved windows in A, and for each non-zero window
-             * a single word-array XOR is performed to a carefully selected slice of 'c'. The loop is
-             * breadth-first, checking the lowest window in each word, then looping again for the
-             * next higher window position.
-             */
-            int MASK = (1 << width) - 1;
-
-            int k = 0;
-            for (;;)
-            {
-                int aPos = 0;
-                do
-                {
-                    long aVal = (long)((ulong)c[aPos] >> k);
-                    int bank = 0, bOff = aLen;
-                    for (;;)
-                    {
-                        int index = (int)(aVal) & MASK;
-                        if (index != 0)
-                        {
-                            /*
-                             * Add to a 'c' buffer based on the bit-pattern of 'index'. Since A is in
-                             * Interleaved form, the bits represent the current B shifted by 0, 'positions',
-                             * 'positions' * 2, ..., 'positions' * ('width' - 1)
-                             */
-                            Add(c, aPos + ci[index], c, bOff, bMax);
-                        }
-                        if (++bank == banks)
-                        {
-                            break;
-                        }
-                        bOff += bMax;
-                        aVal = (long)((ulong)aVal >> width);
-                    }
-                }
-                while (++aPos < aLen);
-
-                if ((k += stride) >= top)
-                {
-                    if (k >= 64)
-                    {
-                        break;
-                    }
-
-                    /*
-                     * Adjustment for window setups with top == 63, the final bit (if any) is processed
-                     * as the top-bit of a window
-                     */
-                    k = 64 - width;
-                    MASK &= MASK << (top - k);
-                }
-
-                /*
-                 * After each position has been checked for all words of A, B is shifted up 1 place
-                 */
-                ShiftUp(c, aLen, bTotal, banks);
-            }
-
-            int ciPos = ci.Length;
-            while (--ciPos > 1)
-            {
-                if ((ciPos & 1L) == 0L)
-                {
-                    /*
-                     * For even numbers, shift contents and add to the half-position
-                     */
-                    AddShiftedUp(c, ci[(uint)ciPos >> 1], c, ci[ciPos], cLen, positions);
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    /*
-                     * For odd numbers, 'distribute' contents to the result and the next-lowest position
-                     */
-                    Distribute(c, ci[ciPos], ci[ciPos - 1], ci[1], cLen);
-                }
-            }
-
-            /*
-             * Finally the raw answer is collected, reduce it against the reduction coefficients
-             */
-            return ReduceResult(c, ci[1], cLen, m, ks);
-        }
-
-        public LongArray ModReduce(int m, int[] ks)
-        {
-            long[] buf = Arrays.Clone(m_ints);
-            int rLen = ReduceInPlace(buf, 0, buf.Length, m, ks);
-            return new LongArray(buf, 0, rLen);
-        }
+        //public LongArray ModReduce(int m, int[] ks)
+        //{
+        //    ulong[] buf = Arrays.Clone(m_data);
+        //    int rLen = ReduceInPlace(buf, 0, buf.Length, m, ks);
+        //    return new LongArray(buf, 0, rLen);
+        //}
 
         public LongArray Multiply(LongArray other, int m, int[] ks)
         {
@@ -1382,8 +744,8 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Math.EC
 
             if (aLen == 1)
             {
-                long a0 = A.m_ints[0];
-                if (a0 == 1L)
+                ulong a0 = A.m_data[0];
+                if (a0 == 1UL)
                 {
                     return B;
                 }
@@ -1391,8 +753,8 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Math.EC
                 /*
                  * Fast path for small A, with performance dependent only on the number of set bits
                  */
-                long[] c0 = new long[cLen];
-                MultiplyWord(a0, B.m_ints, bLen, c0, 0);
+                ulong[] c0 = new ulong[cLen];
+                MultiplyWord(a0, B.m_data, bLen, c0, 0);
 
                 /*
                  * Reduce the raw answer against the reduction coefficients
@@ -1414,13 +776,14 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Math.EC
             /*
              * Precompute table of all 4-bit products of B
              */
-            long[] T0 = new long[bMax << 4];
+            ulong[] T0 = new ulong[bMax << 4];
             int tOff = bMax;
             ti[1] = tOff;
-            Array.Copy(B.m_ints, 0, T0, tOff, bLen);
+            Array.Copy(B.m_data, 0, T0, tOff, bLen);
             for (int i = 2; i < 16; ++i)
             {
-                ti[i] = (tOff += bMax);
+                tOff += bMax;
+                ti[i] = tOff;
                 if ((i & 1) == 0)
                 {
                     ShiftUp(T0, (int)((uint)tOff >> 1), T0, tOff, bMax, 1);
@@ -1434,14 +797,14 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Math.EC
             /*
              * Second table with all 4-bit products of B shifted 4 bits
              */
-            long[] T1 = new long[T0.Length];
+            ulong[] T1 = new ulong[T0.Length];
             ShiftUp(T0, 0, T1, 0, T0.Length, 4);
-            //        ShiftUp(T0, bMax, T1, bMax, tOff, 4);
+            //ShiftUp(T0, bMax, T1, bMax, tOff, 4);
 
-            long[] a = A.m_ints;
-            long[] c = new long[cLen << 3];
+            ulong[] a = A.m_data;
+            ulong[] c = new ulong[cLen << 3];
 
-            int MASK = 0xF;
+            uint MASK = 0xF;
 
             /*
              * Lopez-Dahab (Modified) algorithm
@@ -1449,16 +812,14 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Math.EC
 
             for (int aPos = 0; aPos < aLen; ++aPos)
             {
-                long aVal = a[aPos];
+                ulong aVal = a[aPos];
                 int cOff = aPos;
                 for (; ; )
                 {
-                    int u = (int)aVal & MASK;
-                    aVal = (long)((ulong)aVal >> 4);
-                    int v = (int)aVal & MASK;
+                    uint u = (uint)aVal & MASK; aVal >>= 4;
+                    uint v = (uint)aVal & MASK; aVal >>= 4;
                     AddBoth(c, cOff, T0, ti[u], T1, ti[v], bMax);
-                    aVal = (long)((ulong)aVal >> 4);
-                    if (aVal == 0L)
+                    if (aVal == 0UL)
                     {
                         break;
                     }
@@ -1483,49 +844,22 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Math.EC
 
         public void Reduce(int m, int[] ks)
         {
-            long[] buf = m_ints;
+            ulong[] buf = m_data;
             int rLen = ReduceInPlace(buf, 0, buf.Length, m, ks);
             if (rLen < buf.Length)
             {
-                m_ints = new long[rLen];
-                Array.Copy(buf, 0, m_ints, 0, rLen);
+                m_data = new ulong[rLen];
+                Array.Copy(buf, 0, m_data, 0, rLen);
             }
         }
 
-        private static LongArray ReduceResult(long[] buf, int off, int len, int m, int[] ks)
+        private static LongArray ReduceResult(ulong[] buf, int off, int len, int m, int[] ks)
         {
             int rLen = ReduceInPlace(buf, off, len, m, ks);
             return new LongArray(buf, off, rLen);
         }
 
-    //    private static void deInterleave(long[] x, int xOff, long[] z, int zOff, int count, int rounds)
-    //    {
-    //        for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i)
-    //        {
-    //            z[zOff + i] = deInterleave(x[zOff + i], rounds);
-    //        }
-    //    }
-    //
-    //    private static long deInterleave(long x, int rounds)
-    //    {
-    //        while (--rounds >= 0)
-    //        {
-    //            x = deInterleave32(x & DEInterleave_MASK) | (deInterleave32((x >>> 1) & DEInterleave_MASK) << 32);
-    //        }
-    //        return x;
-    //    }
-    //
-    //    private static long deInterleave32(long x)
-    //    {
-    //        x = (x | (x >>> 1)) & 0x3333333333333333L;
-    //        x = (x | (x >>> 2)) & 0x0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0FL;
-    //        x = (x | (x >>> 4)) & 0x00FF00FF00FF00FFL;
-    //        x = (x | (x >>> 8)) & 0x0000FFFF0000FFFFL;
-    //        x = (x | (x >>> 16)) & 0x00000000FFFFFFFFL;
-    //        return x;
-    //    }
-
-        private static int ReduceInPlace(long[] buf, int off, int len, int m, int[] ks)
+        private static int ReduceInPlace(ulong[] buf, int off, int len, int m, int[] ks)
         {
             int mLen = (m + 63) >> 6;
             if (len < mLen)
@@ -1569,7 +903,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Math.EC
             return mLen;
         }
 
-        private static void ReduceBitWise(long[] buf, int off, int BitLength, int m, int[] ks)
+        private static void ReduceBitWise(ulong[] buf, int off, int BitLength, int m, int[] ks)
         {
             while (--BitLength >= m)
             {
@@ -1580,7 +914,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Math.EC
             }
         }
 
-        private static void ReduceBit(long[] buf, int off, int bit, int m, int[] ks)
+        private static void ReduceBit(ulong[] buf, int off, int bit, int m, int[] ks)
         {
             FlipBit(buf, off, bit);
             int n = bit - m;
@@ -1592,23 +926,23 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Math.EC
             FlipBit(buf, off, n);
         }
 
-        private static void ReduceWordWise(long[] buf, int off, int len, int toBit, int m, int[] ks)
+        private static void ReduceWordWise(ulong[] buf, int off, int len, int toBit, int m, int[] ks)
         {
             int toPos = (int)((uint)toBit >> 6);
 
             while (--len > toPos)
             {
-                long word = buf[off + len];
+                ulong word = buf[off + len];
                 if (word != 0)
                 {
-                    buf[off + len] = 0;
+                    buf[off + len] = 0UL;
                     ReduceWord(buf, off, (len << 6), word, m, ks);
                 }
             }
 
             {
                 int partial = toBit & 0x3F;
-                long word = (long)((ulong)buf[off + toPos] >> partial);
+                ulong word = buf[off + toPos] >> partial;
                 if (word != 0)
                 {
                     buf[off + toPos] ^= word << partial;
@@ -1617,7 +951,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Math.EC
             }
         }
 
-        private static void ReduceWord(long[] buf, int off, int bit, long word, int m, int[] ks)
+        private static void ReduceWord(ulong[] buf, int off, int bit, ulong word, int m, int[] ks)
         {
             int offset = bit - m;
             int j = ks.Length;
@@ -1628,7 +962,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Math.EC
             FlipWord(buf, off, offset, word);
         }
 
-        private static void ReduceVectorWise(long[] buf, int off, int len, int words, int m, int[] ks)
+        private static void ReduceVectorWise(ulong[] buf, int off, int len, int words, int m, int[] ks)
         {
             /*
              * NOTE: It's important we go from highest coefficient to lowest, because for the highest
@@ -1644,7 +978,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Math.EC
             FlipVector(buf, off, buf, off + words, len - words, baseBit);
         }
 
-        private static void FlipVector(long[] x, int xOff, long[] y, int yOff, int yLen, int bits)
+        private static void FlipVector(ulong[] x, int xOff, ulong[] y, int yOff, int yLen, int bits)
         {
             xOff += (int)((uint)bits >> 6);
             bits &= 0x3F;
@@ -1655,7 +989,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Math.EC
             }
             else
             {
-                long carry = AddShiftedDown(x, xOff + 1, y, yOff, yLen, 64 - bits);
+                ulong carry = AddShiftedDown(x, xOff + 1, y, yOff, yLen, 64 - bits);
                 x[xOff] ^= carry;
             }
         }
@@ -1664,20 +998,10 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Math.EC
         {
             int len = GetUsedLength();
             if (len == 0)
-            {
                 return this;
-            }
-
-            int _2len = len << 1;
-            long[] r = new long[_2len];
 
-            int pos = 0;
-            while (pos < _2len)
-            {
-                long mi = m_ints[(uint)pos >> 1];
-                r[pos++] = Interleave2_32to64((int)mi);
-                r[pos++] = Interleave2_32to64((int)((ulong)mi >> 32));
-            }
+            ulong[] r = new ulong[len << 1];
+            Raw.Interleave.Expand64To128(m_data, 0, len, r, 0);
 
             return new LongArray(r, 0, ReduceInPlace(r, 0, r.Length, m, ks));
         }
@@ -1686,17 +1010,15 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Math.EC
         {
             int len = GetUsedLength();
             if (len == 0)
-            {
                 return this;
-            }
-    
+
             int mLen = (m + 63) >> 6;
-            long[] r = new long[mLen << 1];
-            Array.Copy(m_ints, 0, r, 0, len);
-    
+            ulong[] r = new ulong[mLen << 1];
+            Array.Copy(m_data, 0, r, 0, len);
+
             while (--n >= 0)
             {
-                SquareInPlace(r, len, m, ks);
+                Raw.Interleave.Expand64To128(r, 0, len);
                 len = ReduceInPlace(r, 0, r.Length, m, ks);
             }
     
@@ -1707,207 +1029,14 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Math.EC
         {
             int len = GetUsedLength();
             if (len == 0)
-            {
                 return this;
-            }
-
-            int _2len = len << 1;
-            long[] r = new long[_2len];
 
-            int pos = 0;
-            while (pos < _2len)
-            {
-                long mi = m_ints[(uint)pos >> 1];
-                r[pos++] = Interleave2_32to64((int)mi);
-                r[pos++] = Interleave2_32to64((int)((ulong)mi >> 32));
-            }
+            ulong[] r = new ulong[len << 1];
+            Raw.Interleave.Expand64To128(m_data, 0, len, r, 0);
 
             return new LongArray(r, 0, r.Length);
         }
 
-        private static void SquareInPlace(long[] x, int xLen, int m, int[] ks)
-        {
-            int pos = xLen << 1;
-            while (--xLen >= 0)
-            {
-                long xVal = x[xLen];
-                x[--pos] = Interleave2_32to64((int)((ulong)xVal >> 32));
-                x[--pos] = Interleave2_32to64((int)xVal);
-            }
-        }
-
-        private static void Interleave(long[] x, int xOff, long[] z, int zOff, int count, int width)
-        {
-            switch (width)
-            {
-            case 3:
-                Interleave3(x, xOff, z, zOff, count);
-                break;
-            case 5:
-                Interleave5(x, xOff, z, zOff, count);
-                break;
-            case 7:
-                Interleave7(x, xOff, z, zOff, count);
-                break;
-            default:
-                Interleave2_n(x, xOff, z, zOff, count, BitLengths[width] - 1);
-                break;
-            }
-        }
-
-        private static void Interleave3(long[] x, int xOff, long[] z, int zOff, int count)
-        {
-            for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i)
-            {
-                z[zOff + i] = Interleave3(x[xOff + i]);
-            }
-        }
-
-        private static long Interleave3(long x)
-        {
-            long z = x & (1L << 63);
-            return z
-                | Interleave3_21to63((int)x & 0x1FFFFF)
-                | Interleave3_21to63((int)((ulong)x >> 21) & 0x1FFFFF) << 1
-                | Interleave3_21to63((int)((ulong)x >> 42) & 0x1FFFFF) << 2;
-
-    //        int zPos = 0, wPos = 0, xPos = 0;
-    //        for (;;)
-    //        {
-    //            z |= ((x >>> xPos) & 1L) << zPos;
-    //            if (++zPos == 63)
-    //            {
-    //                String sz2 = Long.toBinaryString(z);
-    //                return z;
-    //            }
-    //            if ((xPos += 21) >= 63)
-    //            {
-    //                xPos = ++wPos;
-    //            }
-    //        }
-        }
-
-        private static long Interleave3_21to63(int x)
-        {
-            int r00 = INTERLEAVE3_TABLE[x & 0x7F];
-            int r21 = INTERLEAVE3_TABLE[((uint)x >> 7) & 0x7F];
-            int r42 = INTERLEAVE3_TABLE[(uint)x >> 14];
-            return (r42 & 0xFFFFFFFFL) << 42 | (r21 & 0xFFFFFFFFL) << 21 | (r00 & 0xFFFFFFFFL);
-        }
-
-        private static void Interleave5(long[] x, int xOff, long[] z, int zOff, int count)
-        {
-            for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i)
-            {
-                z[zOff + i] = Interleave5(x[xOff + i]);
-            }
-        }
-
-        private static long Interleave5(long x)
-        {
-            return Interleave3_13to65((int)x & 0x1FFF)
-                | Interleave3_13to65((int)((ulong)x >> 13) & 0x1FFF) << 1
-                | Interleave3_13to65((int)((ulong)x >> 26) & 0x1FFF) << 2
-                | Interleave3_13to65((int)((ulong)x >> 39) & 0x1FFF) << 3
-                | Interleave3_13to65((int)((ulong)x >> 52) & 0x1FFF) << 4;
-
-    //        long z = 0;
-    //        int zPos = 0, wPos = 0, xPos = 0;
-    //        for (;;)
-    //        {
-    //            z |= ((x >>> xPos) & 1L) << zPos;
-    //            if (++zPos == 64)
-    //            {
-    //                return z;
-    //            }
-    //            if ((xPos += 13) >= 64)
-    //            {
-    //                xPos = ++wPos;
-    //            }
-    //        }
-        }
-
-        private static long Interleave3_13to65(int x)
-        {
-            int r00 = INTERLEAVE5_TABLE[x & 0x7F];
-            int r35 = INTERLEAVE5_TABLE[(uint)x >> 7];
-            return (r35 & 0xFFFFFFFFL) << 35 | (r00 & 0xFFFFFFFFL);
-        }
-
-        private static void Interleave7(long[] x, int xOff, long[] z, int zOff, int count)
-        {
-            for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i)
-            {
-                z[zOff + i] = Interleave7(x[xOff + i]);
-            }
-        }
-
-        private static long Interleave7(long x)
-        {
-            long z = x & (1L << 63);
-            return z
-                | INTERLEAVE7_TABLE[(int)x & 0x1FF]
-                | INTERLEAVE7_TABLE[(int)((ulong)x >> 9) & 0x1FF] << 1
-                | INTERLEAVE7_TABLE[(int)((ulong)x >> 18) & 0x1FF] << 2
-                | INTERLEAVE7_TABLE[(int)((ulong)x >> 27) & 0x1FF] << 3
-                | INTERLEAVE7_TABLE[(int)((ulong)x >> 36) & 0x1FF] << 4
-                | INTERLEAVE7_TABLE[(int)((ulong)x >> 45) & 0x1FF] << 5
-                | INTERLEAVE7_TABLE[(int)((ulong)x >> 54) & 0x1FF] << 6;
-
-    //        int zPos = 0, wPos = 0, xPos = 0;
-    //        for (;;)
-    //        {
-    //            z |= ((x >>> xPos) & 1L) << zPos;
-    //            if (++zPos == 63)
-    //            {
-    //                return z;
-    //            }
-    //            if ((xPos += 9) >= 63)
-    //            {
-    //                xPos = ++wPos;
-    //            }
-    //        }
-        }
-
-        private static void Interleave2_n(long[] x, int xOff, long[] z, int zOff, int count, int rounds)
-        {
-            for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i)
-            {
-                z[zOff + i] = Interleave2_n(x[xOff + i], rounds);
-            }
-        }
-
-        private static long Interleave2_n(long x, int rounds)
-        {
-            while (rounds > 1)
-            {
-                rounds -= 2;
-                x = Interleave4_16to64((int)x & 0xFFFF)
-                    | Interleave4_16to64((int)((ulong)x >> 16) & 0xFFFF) << 1
-                    | Interleave4_16to64((int)((ulong)x >> 32) & 0xFFFF) << 2
-                    | Interleave4_16to64((int)((ulong)x >> 48) & 0xFFFF) << 3;
-            }
-            if (rounds > 0)
-            {
-                x = Interleave2_32to64((int)x) | Interleave2_32to64((int)((ulong)x >> 32)) << 1;
-            }
-            return x;
-        }
-
-        private static long Interleave4_16to64(int x)
-        {
-            int r00 = INTERLEAVE4_TABLE[x & 0xFF];
-            int r32 = INTERLEAVE4_TABLE[(uint)x >> 8];
-            return (r32 & 0xFFFFFFFFL) << 32 | (r00 & 0xFFFFFFFFL);
-        }
-
-        private static long Interleave2_32to64(int x)
-        {
-            int r00 = INTERLEAVE2_TABLE[x & 0xFF] | INTERLEAVE2_TABLE[((uint)x >> 8) & 0xFF] << 16;
-            int r32 = INTERLEAVE2_TABLE[((uint)x >> 16) & 0xFF] | INTERLEAVE2_TABLE[(uint)x >> 24] << 16;
-            return (r32 & 0xFFFFFFFFL) << 32 | (r00 & 0xFFFFFFFFL);
-        }
-
     //    private static LongArray ExpItohTsujii2(LongArray B, int n, int m, int[] ks)
     //    {
     //        LongArray t1 = B, t3 = new LongArray(new long[]{ 1L });
@@ -2074,11 +1203,11 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Math.EC
 
             // v(z) := f(z)
             LongArray vz = new LongArray(t);
-            ReduceBit(vz.m_ints, 0, m, m, ks);
+            ReduceBit(vz.m_data, 0, m, m, ks);
 
             // g1(z) := 1, g2(z) := 0
             LongArray g1z = new LongArray(t);
-            g1z.m_ints[0] = 1L;
+            g1z.m_data[0] = 1UL;
             LongArray g2z = new LongArray(t);
 
             int[] uvDeg = new int[]{ uzDegree, m + 1 };
@@ -2137,7 +1266,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Math.EC
             return Equals(obj as LongArray);
         }
 
-        public virtual bool Equals(LongArray other)
+        public bool Equals(LongArray other)
         {
             if (this == other)
                 return true;
@@ -2150,7 +1279,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Math.EC
             }
             for (int i = 0; i < usedLen; i++)
             {
-                if (m_ints[i] != other.m_ints[i])
+                if (m_data[i] != other.m_data[i])
                 {
                     return false;
                 }
@@ -2164,18 +1293,18 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Math.EC
             int hash = 1;
             for (int i = 0; i < usedLen; i++)
             {
-                long mi = m_ints[i];
+                ulong mi = m_data[i];
                 hash *= 31;
                 hash ^= (int)mi;
                 hash *= 31;
-                hash ^= (int)((ulong)mi >> 32);
+                hash ^= (int)(mi >> 32);
             }
             return hash;
         }
 
         public LongArray Copy()
         {
-            return new LongArray(Arrays.Clone(m_ints));
+            return new LongArray(Arrays.Clone(m_data));
         }
 
         public override string ToString()
@@ -2186,16 +1315,17 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Math.EC
                 return "0";
             }
 
-            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(Convert.ToString(m_ints[--i], 2));
+            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(i * 64);
+            sb.Append(Convert.ToString((long)m_data[--i], 2));
             while (--i >= 0)
             {
-                string s = Convert.ToString(m_ints[i], 2);
+                string s = Convert.ToString((long)m_data[i], 2);
 
                 // Add leading zeroes, except for highest significant word
                 int len = s.Length;
                 if (len < 64)
                 {
-                    sb.Append(ZEROES.Substring(len));
+                    sb.Append('0', 64 - len);
                 }
 
                 sb.Append(s);
diff --git a/crypto/src/math/raw/Interleave.cs b/crypto/src/math/raw/Interleave.cs
index 8e98eac32..4d866c245 100644
--- a/crypto/src/math/raw/Interleave.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/math/raw/Interleave.cs
@@ -8,46 +8,6 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Math.Raw
         private const ulong M64 = 0x5555555555555555UL;
         private const ulong M64R = 0xAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAUL;
 
-        /*
-         * This expands 8 bit indices into 16 bit contents (high bit 14), by inserting 0s between bits.
-         * In a binary field, this operation is the same as squaring an 8 bit number.
-         */
-        //private static readonly ushort[] INTERLEAVE2_TABLE = new ushort[]
-        //{
-        //    0x0000, 0x0001, 0x0004, 0x0005, 0x0010, 0x0011, 0x0014, 0x0015,
-        //    0x0040, 0x0041, 0x0044, 0x0045, 0x0050, 0x0051, 0x0054, 0x0055,
-        //    0x0100, 0x0101, 0x0104, 0x0105, 0x0110, 0x0111, 0x0114, 0x0115,
-        //    0x0140, 0x0141, 0x0144, 0x0145, 0x0150, 0x0151, 0x0154, 0x0155,
-        //    0x0400, 0x0401, 0x0404, 0x0405, 0x0410, 0x0411, 0x0414, 0x0415,
-        //    0x0440, 0x0441, 0x0444, 0x0445, 0x0450, 0x0451, 0x0454, 0x0455,
-        //    0x0500, 0x0501, 0x0504, 0x0505, 0x0510, 0x0511, 0x0514, 0x0515,
-        //    0x0540, 0x0541, 0x0544, 0x0545, 0x0550, 0x0551, 0x0554, 0x0555,
-        //    0x1000, 0x1001, 0x1004, 0x1005, 0x1010, 0x1011, 0x1014, 0x1015,
-        //    0x1040, 0x1041, 0x1044, 0x1045, 0x1050, 0x1051, 0x1054, 0x1055,
-        //    0x1100, 0x1101, 0x1104, 0x1105, 0x1110, 0x1111, 0x1114, 0x1115,
-        //    0x1140, 0x1141, 0x1144, 0x1145, 0x1150, 0x1151, 0x1154, 0x1155,
-        //    0x1400, 0x1401, 0x1404, 0x1405, 0x1410, 0x1411, 0x1414, 0x1415,
-        //    0x1440, 0x1441, 0x1444, 0x1445, 0x1450, 0x1451, 0x1454, 0x1455,
-        //    0x1500, 0x1501, 0x1504, 0x1505, 0x1510, 0x1511, 0x1514, 0x1515,
-        //    0x1540, 0x1541, 0x1544, 0x1545, 0x1550, 0x1551, 0x1554, 0x1555,
-        //    0x4000, 0x4001, 0x4004, 0x4005, 0x4010, 0x4011, 0x4014, 0x4015,
-        //    0x4040, 0x4041, 0x4044, 0x4045, 0x4050, 0x4051, 0x4054, 0x4055,
-        //    0x4100, 0x4101, 0x4104, 0x4105, 0x4110, 0x4111, 0x4114, 0x4115,
-        //    0x4140, 0x4141, 0x4144, 0x4145, 0x4150, 0x4151, 0x4154, 0x4155,
-        //    0x4400, 0x4401, 0x4404, 0x4405, 0x4410, 0x4411, 0x4414, 0x4415,
-        //    0x4440, 0x4441, 0x4444, 0x4445, 0x4450, 0x4451, 0x4454, 0x4455,
-        //    0x4500, 0x4501, 0x4504, 0x4505, 0x4510, 0x4511, 0x4514, 0x4515,
-        //    0x4540, 0x4541, 0x4544, 0x4545, 0x4550, 0x4551, 0x4554, 0x4555,
-        //    0x5000, 0x5001, 0x5004, 0x5005, 0x5010, 0x5011, 0x5014, 0x5015,
-        //    0x5040, 0x5041, 0x5044, 0x5045, 0x5050, 0x5051, 0x5054, 0x5055,
-        //    0x5100, 0x5101, 0x5104, 0x5105, 0x5110, 0x5111, 0x5114, 0x5115,
-        //    0x5140, 0x5141, 0x5144, 0x5145, 0x5150, 0x5151, 0x5154, 0x5155,
-        //    0x5400, 0x5401, 0x5404, 0x5405, 0x5410, 0x5411, 0x5414, 0x5415,
-        //    0x5440, 0x5441, 0x5444, 0x5445, 0x5450, 0x5451, 0x5454, 0x5455,
-        //    0x5500, 0x5501, 0x5504, 0x5505, 0x5510, 0x5511, 0x5514, 0x5515,
-        //    0x5540, 0x5541, 0x5544, 0x5545, 0x5550, 0x5551, 0x5554, 0x5555
-        //};
-
         internal static uint Expand8to16(uint x)
         {
             x &= 0xFFU;
@@ -91,6 +51,16 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Math.Raw
             z[zOff + 1] = (x >> 1) & M64;
         }
 
+        internal static void Expand64To128(ulong[] zs, int zsOff, int zsLen)
+        {
+            int i = zsLen, zsPos = zsOff + zsLen << 1;
+            while (--i >= 0)
+            {
+                zsPos -= 2;
+                Expand64To128(zs[zsOff + i], zs, zsPos);
+            }
+        }
+
         internal static void Expand64To128(ulong[] xs, int xsOff, int xsLen, ulong[] zs, int zsOff)
         {
             for (int i = 0; i < xsLen; ++i)
@@ -109,7 +79,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Math.Raw
             x = Bits.BitPermuteStep(x, 0x0C0C0C0C0C0C0C0CUL, 2);
             x = Bits.BitPermuteStep(x, 0x2222222222222222UL, 1);
 
-            z[zOff]     = (x     ) & M64R;
+            z[zOff    ] = (x     ) & M64R;
             z[zOff + 1] = (x << 1) & M64R;
         }