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-rw-r--r--crypto/src/util/Arrays.cs5
-rw-r--r--crypto/src/util/BigIntegers.cs2
-rw-r--r--crypto/src/util/Bytes.cs2
-rw-r--r--crypto/src/util/Integers.cs13
-rw-r--r--crypto/src/util/Longs.cs13
-rw-r--r--crypto/src/util/Platform.cs2
-rw-r--r--crypto/src/util/Shorts.cs54
-rw-r--r--crypto/src/util/Strings.cs2
-rw-r--r--crypto/src/util/bzip2/BZip2Constants.cs47
-rw-r--r--crypto/src/util/bzip2/CBZip2InputStream.cs809
-rw-r--r--crypto/src/util/bzip2/CBZip2OutputStream.cs1619
-rw-r--r--crypto/src/util/bzip2/CRC.cs158
-rw-r--r--crypto/src/util/date/DateTimeUtilities.cs58
-rw-r--r--crypto/src/util/io/BinaryReaders.cs94
-rw-r--r--crypto/src/util/io/BinaryWriters.cs86
-rw-r--r--crypto/src/util/io/Streams.cs13
-rw-r--r--crypto/src/util/io/compression/Bzip2.cs21
-rw-r--r--crypto/src/util/io/compression/ZLib.cs46
-rw-r--r--crypto/src/util/io/compression/Zip.cs33
-rw-r--r--crypto/src/util/zlib/ZOutputStream.cs34
20 files changed, 3071 insertions, 40 deletions
diff --git a/crypto/src/util/Arrays.cs b/crypto/src/util/Arrays.cs
index e8dd02148..936e510be 100644
--- a/crypto/src/util/Arrays.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/util/Arrays.cs
@@ -631,10 +631,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Utilities
 #if NETCOREAPP2_1_OR_GREATER || NETSTANDARD2_1_OR_GREATER
         public static void Fill<T>(Span<T> ts, T t)
         {
-            for (int i = 0; i < ts.Length; ++i)
-            {
-                ts[i] = t;
-            }
+            ts.Fill(t);
         }
 #endif
 
diff --git a/crypto/src/util/BigIntegers.cs b/crypto/src/util/BigIntegers.cs
index 93dc8e8eb..e63af7c7c 100644
--- a/crypto/src/util/BigIntegers.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/util/BigIntegers.cs
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Utilities
     /**
      * BigInteger utilities.
      */
-    public abstract class BigIntegers
+    public static class BigIntegers
     {
         public static readonly BigInteger Zero = BigInteger.Zero;
         public static readonly BigInteger One = BigInteger.One;
diff --git a/crypto/src/util/Bytes.cs b/crypto/src/util/Bytes.cs
index ecde85dde..466eba576 100644
--- a/crypto/src/util/Bytes.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/util/Bytes.cs
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Utilities
 {
-    public abstract class Bytes
+    public static class Bytes
     {
         public const int NumBits = 8;
         public const int NumBytes = 1;
diff --git a/crypto/src/util/Integers.cs b/crypto/src/util/Integers.cs
index 75ba566e3..ab1868b74 100644
--- a/crypto/src/util/Integers.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/util/Integers.cs
@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
 using System;
+#if NETCOREAPP2_1_OR_GREATER || NETSTANDARD2_1_OR_GREATER
+using System.Buffers.Binary;
+#endif
 #if NETCOREAPP3_0_OR_GREATER
 using System.Numerics;
 using System.Runtime.Intrinsics.X86;
@@ -8,7 +11,7 @@ using Org.BouncyCastle.Math.Raw;
 
 namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Utilities
 {
-    public abstract class Integers
+    public static class Integers
     {
         public const int NumBits = 32;
         public const int NumBytes = 4;
@@ -96,14 +99,22 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Utilities
 
         public static int ReverseBytes(int i)
         {
+#if NETCOREAPP2_1_OR_GREATER || NETSTANDARD2_1_OR_GREATER
+            return BinaryPrimitives.ReverseEndianness(i);
+#else
             return (int)ReverseBytes((uint)i);
+#endif
         }
 
         [CLSCompliant(false)]
         public static uint ReverseBytes(uint i)
         {
+#if NETCOREAPP2_1_OR_GREATER || NETSTANDARD2_1_OR_GREATER
+            return BinaryPrimitives.ReverseEndianness(i);
+#else
             return RotateLeft(i & 0xFF00FF00U,  8) |
                    RotateLeft(i & 0x00FF00FFU, 24);
+#endif
         }
 
         public static int RotateLeft(int i, int distance)
diff --git a/crypto/src/util/Longs.cs b/crypto/src/util/Longs.cs
index 9e34dab99..02ffb7676 100644
--- a/crypto/src/util/Longs.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/util/Longs.cs
@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
 using System;
+#if NETCOREAPP2_1_OR_GREATER || NETSTANDARD2_1_OR_GREATER
+using System.Buffers.Binary;
+#endif
 #if NETCOREAPP3_0_OR_GREATER
 using System.Numerics;
 using System.Runtime.Intrinsics.X86;
@@ -8,7 +11,7 @@ using Org.BouncyCastle.Math.Raw;
 
 namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Utilities
 {
-    public abstract class Longs
+    public static class Longs
     {
         public const int NumBits = 64;
         public const int NumBytes = 8;
@@ -95,16 +98,24 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Utilities
 
         public static long ReverseBytes(long i)
         {
+#if NETCOREAPP2_1_OR_GREATER || NETSTANDARD2_1_OR_GREATER
+            return BinaryPrimitives.ReverseEndianness(i);
+#else
             return (long)ReverseBytes((ulong)i);
+#endif
         }
 
         [CLSCompliant(false)]
         public static ulong ReverseBytes(ulong i)
         {
+#if NETCOREAPP2_1_OR_GREATER || NETSTANDARD2_1_OR_GREATER
+            return BinaryPrimitives.ReverseEndianness(i);
+#else
             return RotateLeft(i & 0xFF000000FF000000UL,  8) |
                    RotateLeft(i & 0x00FF000000FF0000UL, 24) |
                    RotateLeft(i & 0x0000FF000000FF00UL, 40) |
                    RotateLeft(i & 0x000000FF000000FFUL, 56);
+#endif
         }
 
         public static long RotateLeft(long i, int distance)
diff --git a/crypto/src/util/Platform.cs b/crypto/src/util/Platform.cs
index 75b728bd9..118c29918 100644
--- a/crypto/src/util/Platform.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/util/Platform.cs
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ using System.Globalization;
 
 namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Utilities
 {
-    internal abstract class Platform
+    internal static class Platform
     {
         private static readonly CompareInfo InvariantCompareInfo = CultureInfo.InvariantCulture.CompareInfo;
 
diff --git a/crypto/src/util/Shorts.cs b/crypto/src/util/Shorts.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..eb9f13fa1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crypto/src/util/Shorts.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+using System;
+#if NETCOREAPP2_1_OR_GREATER || NETSTANDARD2_1_OR_GREATER
+using System.Buffers.Binary;
+#endif
+
+namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Utilities
+{
+    public static class Shorts
+    {
+        public const int NumBits = 16;
+        public const int NumBytes = 2;
+
+        public static short ReverseBytes(short i)
+        {
+#if NETCOREAPP2_1_OR_GREATER || NETSTANDARD2_1_OR_GREATER
+            return BinaryPrimitives.ReverseEndianness(i);
+#else
+            return RotateLeft(i, 8);
+#endif
+        }
+
+        [CLSCompliant(false)]
+        public static ushort ReverseBytes(ushort i)
+        {
+#if NETCOREAPP2_1_OR_GREATER || NETSTANDARD2_1_OR_GREATER
+            return BinaryPrimitives.ReverseEndianness(i);
+#else
+            return RotateLeft(i, 8);
+#endif
+        }
+
+        public static short RotateLeft(short i, int distance)
+        {
+            return (short)RotateLeft((ushort)i, distance);
+        }
+
+        [CLSCompliant(false)]
+        public static ushort RotateLeft(ushort i, int distance)
+        {
+            return (ushort)((i << distance) | (i >> (16 - distance)));
+        }
+
+        public static short RotateRight(short i, int distance)
+        {
+            return (short)RotateRight((ushort)i, distance);
+        }
+
+        [CLSCompliant(false)]
+        public static ushort RotateRight(ushort i, int distance)
+        {
+            return (ushort)((i >> distance) | (i << (16 - distance)));
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crypto/src/util/Strings.cs b/crypto/src/util/Strings.cs
index baee573be..12eafd21e 100644
--- a/crypto/src/util/Strings.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/util/Strings.cs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ using System.Text;
 namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Utilities
 {
     /// <summary> General string utilities.</summary>
-    public abstract class Strings
+    public static class Strings
     {
         internal static bool IsOneOf(string s, params string[] candidates)
         {
diff --git a/crypto/src/util/bzip2/BZip2Constants.cs b/crypto/src/util/bzip2/BZip2Constants.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6fc15e55f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crypto/src/util/bzip2/BZip2Constants.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ *
+ */
+
+/*
+ * This package is based on the work done by Keiron Liddle, Aftex Software
+ * <keiron@aftexsw.com> to whom the Ant project is very grateful for his
+ * great code.
+ */
+
+namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Utilities.Bzip2
+{
+    /**
+    * Base class for both the compress and decompress classes.
+    * Holds common arrays, and static data.
+    *
+    * @author <a href="mailto:keiron@aftexsw.com">Keiron Liddle</a>
+    */
+    public class BZip2Constants
+    {
+        public const int baseBlockSize = 100000;
+        public const int MAX_ALPHA_SIZE = 258;
+        public const int MAX_CODE_LEN = 20;
+        public const int MAX_CODE_LEN_GEN = 17;
+        public const int RUNA = 0;
+        public const int RUNB = 1;
+        public const int N_GROUPS = 6;
+        public const int G_SIZE = 50;
+        public const int N_ITERS = 4;
+        public const int MAX_SELECTORS = 2 + (900000 / G_SIZE);
+        public const int NUM_OVERSHOOT_BYTES = 20;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crypto/src/util/bzip2/CBZip2InputStream.cs b/crypto/src/util/bzip2/CBZip2InputStream.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7879f28af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crypto/src/util/bzip2/CBZip2InputStream.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,809 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ *
+ */
+
+/*
+ * This package is based on the work done by Keiron Liddle, Aftex Software
+ * <keiron@aftexsw.com> to whom the Ant project is very grateful for his
+ * great code.
+ */
+
+using System;
+using System.Diagnostics;
+using System.IO;
+
+using Org.BouncyCastle.Utilities.IO;
+
+namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Utilities.Bzip2
+{
+	/**
+    * An input stream that decompresses from the BZip2 format (with the file
+    * header chars) to be read as any other stream.
+    *
+    * @author <a href="mailto:keiron@aftexsw.com">Keiron Liddle</a>
+    *
+    * <b>NB:</b> note this class has been modified to read the leading BZ from the
+    * start of the BZIP2 stream to make it compatible with other PGP programs.
+    */
+    public class CBZip2InputStream
+        : BaseInputStream 
+	{
+        /*
+        index of the last char in the block, so
+        the block size == last + 1.
+        */
+        private int  last;
+
+        /*
+        index in zptr[] of original string after sorting.
+        */
+        private int  origPtr;
+
+        /*
+        always: in the range 0 .. 9.
+        The current block size is 100000 * this number.
+        */
+        private int blockSize100k;
+
+        private int bsBuff;
+        private int bsLive;
+        private readonly CRC m_blockCrc = new CRC();
+
+        private int nInUse;
+
+        private byte[] seqToUnseq = new byte[256];
+
+        private byte[] m_selectors = new byte[BZip2Constants.MAX_SELECTORS];
+
+        private int[] tt;
+        private byte[] ll8;
+
+        /*
+        freq table collected to save a pass over the data
+        during decompression.
+        */
+        private int[] unzftab = new int[256];
+
+        private int[][] limit = CreateIntArray(BZip2Constants.N_GROUPS, BZip2Constants.MAX_CODE_LEN + 1);
+        private int[][] basev = CreateIntArray(BZip2Constants.N_GROUPS, BZip2Constants.MAX_CODE_LEN + 1);
+        private int[][] perm = CreateIntArray(BZip2Constants.N_GROUPS, BZip2Constants.MAX_ALPHA_SIZE);
+        private int[] minLens = new int[BZip2Constants.N_GROUPS];
+
+        private Stream bsStream;
+
+        private bool streamEnd = false;
+
+        private int currentByte = -1;
+
+        private const int RAND_PART_B_STATE = 1;
+        private const int RAND_PART_C_STATE = 2;
+        private const int NO_RAND_PART_B_STATE = 3;
+        private const int NO_RAND_PART_C_STATE = 4;
+
+        private int currentState = 0;
+
+        private int m_expectedBlockCrc, m_expectedStreamCrc, m_streamCrc;
+
+        int i2, count, chPrev, ch2;
+        int i, tPos;
+        int rNToGo = 0;
+        int rTPos  = 0;
+        int j2;
+        int z;
+
+        public CBZip2InputStream(Stream zStream)
+        {
+            ll8 = null;
+            tt = null;
+            bsStream = zStream;
+            bsLive = 0;
+            bsBuff = 0;
+
+            int magic1 = bsStream.ReadByte();
+            int magic2 = bsStream.ReadByte();
+            int version = bsStream.ReadByte();
+            int level = bsStream.ReadByte();
+            if (level < 0)
+                throw new EndOfStreamException();
+
+            if (magic1 != 'B' | magic2 != 'Z' | version != 'h' | level < '1' | level > '9')
+                throw new IOException("Invalid stream header");
+
+            blockSize100k = level - '0';
+
+            int n = BZip2Constants.baseBlockSize * blockSize100k;
+            ll8 = new byte[n];
+            tt = new int[n];
+
+            m_streamCrc = 0;
+
+            BeginBlock();
+        }
+
+        public override int Read(byte[] buffer, int offset, int count)
+        {
+            Streams.ValidateBufferArguments(buffer, offset, count);
+
+            /*
+             * TODO The base class implementation allows to return partial data if/when ReadByte throws. That would be
+             * be preferable here too (so don't override), but it would require that exceptions cause this instance to
+             * permanently fail, and that needs review.
+             */
+            int pos = 0;
+            while (pos < count)
+            {
+                int b = ReadByte();
+                if (b < 0)
+                    break;
+
+                buffer[offset + pos++] = (byte)b;
+            }
+            return pos;
+        }
+
+        public override int ReadByte()
+        {
+            if (streamEnd)
+                return -1;
+
+            int result = currentByte;
+            switch (currentState)
+            {
+            case RAND_PART_B_STATE:
+                SetupRandPartB();
+                break;
+            case RAND_PART_C_STATE:
+                SetupRandPartC();
+                break;
+            case NO_RAND_PART_B_STATE:
+                SetupNoRandPartB();
+                break;
+            case NO_RAND_PART_C_STATE:
+                SetupNoRandPartC();
+                break;
+            default:
+                throw new InvalidOperationException();
+            }
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        private void BeginBlock()
+        {
+            long magic48 = BsGetLong48();
+            if (magic48 != 0x314159265359L)
+            {
+                if (magic48 != 0x177245385090L)
+                    throw new IOException("Block header error");
+
+                m_expectedStreamCrc = BsGetInt32();
+                if (m_expectedStreamCrc != m_streamCrc)
+                    throw new IOException("Stream CRC error");
+
+                BsFinishedWithStream();
+                streamEnd = true;
+                return;
+            }
+
+            m_expectedBlockCrc = BsGetInt32();
+
+            bool blockRandomised = BsGetBit() == 1;
+
+            GetAndMoveToFrontDecode();
+
+            m_blockCrc.Initialise();
+
+            int[] cftab = new int[257];
+            {
+                int accum = 0;
+                cftab[0] = 0;
+                for (i = 0; i < 256; ++i)
+                {
+                    accum += unzftab[i];
+                    cftab[i + 1] = accum;
+                }
+                if (accum != (last + 1))
+                    throw new InvalidOperationException();
+            }
+
+            for (i = 0; i <= last; i++)
+            {
+                byte ch = ll8[i];
+                tt[cftab[ch]++] = i;
+            }
+
+            tPos = tt[origPtr];
+
+            count = 0;
+            i2 = 0;
+            ch2 = 256;   /* not a char and not EOF */
+
+            if (blockRandomised)
+            {
+                rNToGo = 0;
+                rTPos = 0;
+                SetupRandPartA();
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                SetupNoRandPartA();
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void EndBlock()
+        {
+            int blockFinalCrc = m_blockCrc.GetFinal();
+            if (m_expectedBlockCrc != blockFinalCrc)
+                throw new IOException("Block CRC error");
+
+            m_streamCrc = Integers.RotateLeft(m_streamCrc, 1) ^ blockFinalCrc;
+        }
+
+        private void BsFinishedWithStream()
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                if (this.bsStream != null)
+                {
+                    Platform.Dispose(this.bsStream);
+                    this.bsStream = null;
+                }
+            }
+            catch
+            {
+                //ignore
+            }
+        }
+
+        private int BsGetBit()
+        {
+            if (bsLive == 0)
+            {
+                bsBuff = RequireByte();
+                bsLive = 7;
+                return (int)((uint)bsBuff >> 7);
+            }
+
+            --bsLive;
+
+            return (bsBuff >> bsLive) & 1;
+        }
+
+        private int BsGetBits(int n)
+        {
+            Debug.Assert(1 <= n && n <= 24);
+
+            while (bsLive < n)
+            {
+                bsBuff = (bsBuff << 8) | RequireByte();
+                bsLive += 8;
+            }
+
+            bsLive -= n;
+
+            return (bsBuff >> bsLive) & ((1 << n) - 1);
+        }
+
+        private int BsGetBitsSmall(int n)
+        {
+            Debug.Assert(1 <= n && n <= 8);
+
+            if (bsLive < n)
+            {
+                bsBuff = (bsBuff << 8) | RequireByte();
+                bsLive += 8;
+            }
+
+            bsLive -= n;
+
+            return (bsBuff >> bsLive) & ((1 << n) - 1);
+        }
+
+        private int BsGetInt32()
+        {
+            int u = BsGetBits(16) << 16;
+            return u | BsGetBits(16);
+        }
+
+        private long BsGetLong48()
+        {
+            long u = (long)BsGetBits(24) << 24;
+            return u | (long)BsGetBits(24);
+        }
+
+        private void HbCreateDecodeTables(int[] limit, int[] basev, int[] perm, byte[] length, int minLen, int maxLen,
+            int alphaSize)
+        {
+            Array.Clear(basev, 0, basev.Length);
+            Array.Clear(limit, 0, limit.Length);
+
+            int pp = 0, baseVal = 0;
+            for (int i = minLen; i <= maxLen; i++)
+            {
+                for (int j = 0; j < alphaSize; j++)
+                {
+                    if (length[j] == i)
+                    {
+                        perm[pp++] = j;
+                    }
+                }
+                basev[i] = baseVal;
+                limit[i] = baseVal + pp;
+                baseVal += baseVal + pp;
+            }
+        }
+
+        private int RecvDecodingTables()
+        {
+            int i, j;
+
+            nInUse = 0;
+
+            /* Receive the mapping table */
+            int inUse16 = BsGetBits(16);
+
+            for (i = 0; i < 16; ++i)
+            {
+                if ((inUse16 & (0x8000 >> i)) != 0)
+                {
+                    int inUse = BsGetBits(16);
+
+                    int i16 = i * 16;
+                    for (j = 0; j < 16; ++j)
+                    {
+                        if ((inUse & (0x8000 >> j)) != 0)
+                        {
+                            seqToUnseq[nInUse++] = (byte)(i16 + j);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (nInUse < 1)
+                throw new InvalidOperationException();
+
+            int alphaSize = nInUse + 2;
+
+            /* Now the selectors */
+            int nGroups = BsGetBitsSmall(3);
+            if (nGroups < 2 || nGroups > BZip2Constants.N_GROUPS)
+                throw new InvalidOperationException();
+
+            int nSelectors = BsGetBits(15);
+            if (nSelectors < 1)
+                throw new InvalidOperationException();
+
+            uint mtfGroups = 0x00543210U;
+            for (i = 0; i < nSelectors; i++)
+            {
+                int mtfSelector = 0;
+                while (BsGetBit() == 1)
+                {
+                    if (++mtfSelector >= nGroups)
+                        throw new InvalidOperationException();
+                }
+
+                // Ignore declared selectors in excess of the maximum usable number
+                if (i >= BZip2Constants.MAX_SELECTORS)
+                    continue;
+
+                // Undo the MTF value for the selector.
+                switch (mtfSelector)
+                {
+                case 0:
+                    break;
+                case 1:
+                    mtfGroups = (mtfGroups >>  4) & 0x00000FU | (mtfGroups << 4) & 0x0000F0U | mtfGroups & 0xFFFF00U;
+                    break;
+                case 2:
+                    mtfGroups = (mtfGroups >>  8) & 0x00000FU | (mtfGroups << 4) & 0x000FF0U | mtfGroups & 0xFFF000U;
+                    break;
+                case 3:
+                    mtfGroups = (mtfGroups >> 12) & 0x00000FU | (mtfGroups << 4) & 0x00FFF0U | mtfGroups & 0xFF0000U;
+                    break;
+                case 4:
+                    mtfGroups = (mtfGroups >> 16) & 0x00000FU | (mtfGroups << 4) & 0x0FFFF0U | mtfGroups & 0xF00000U;
+                    break;
+                case 5:
+                    mtfGroups = (mtfGroups >> 20) & 0x00000FU | (mtfGroups << 4) & 0xFFFFF0U;
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    throw new InvalidOperationException();
+                }
+
+                m_selectors[i] = (byte)(mtfGroups & 0xF);
+            }
+
+            byte[] len_t = new byte[alphaSize];
+
+            /* Now the coding tables */
+            for (int t = 0; t < nGroups; t++)
+            {
+                int maxLen = 0, minLen = 32;
+                int curr = BsGetBitsSmall(5);
+                if ((curr < 1) | (curr > BZip2Constants.MAX_CODE_LEN))
+                    throw new InvalidOperationException();
+
+                for (i = 0; i < alphaSize; i++)
+                {
+                    int markerBit = BsGetBit();
+                    while (markerBit != 0)
+                    {
+                        int nextTwoBits = BsGetBitsSmall(2);
+                        curr += 1 - (nextTwoBits & 2);
+                        if ((curr < 1) | (curr > BZip2Constants.MAX_CODE_LEN))
+                            throw new InvalidOperationException();
+                        markerBit = nextTwoBits & 1;
+                    }
+
+                    len_t[i] = (byte)curr;
+                    maxLen = System.Math.Max(maxLen, curr);
+                    minLen = System.Math.Min(minLen, curr);
+                }
+
+                /* Create the Huffman decoding tables */
+                HbCreateDecodeTables(limit[t], basev[t], perm[t], len_t, minLen, maxLen, alphaSize);
+                minLens[t] = minLen;
+            }
+
+            return nSelectors;
+        }
+
+        private void GetAndMoveToFrontDecode()
+        {
+            int i, j, nextSym;
+
+            int limitLast = BZip2Constants.baseBlockSize * blockSize100k;
+
+            origPtr = BsGetBits(24);
+            if (origPtr > 10 + limitLast)
+                throw new InvalidOperationException();
+
+            int nSelectors = RecvDecodingTables();
+
+            int alphaSize = nInUse + 2;
+            int EOB = nInUse + 1;
+
+            /*
+            Setting up the unzftab entries here is not strictly
+            necessary, but it does save having to do it later
+            in a separate pass, and so saves a block's worth of
+            cache misses.
+            */
+            Array.Clear(unzftab, 0, unzftab.Length);
+
+            byte[] yy = new byte[nInUse];
+            for (i = 0; i < nInUse; ++i)
+            {
+                yy[i] = seqToUnseq[i];
+            }
+
+            last = -1;
+
+            int groupNo = 0;
+            int groupPos = BZip2Constants.G_SIZE - 1;
+            int groupSel = m_selectors[groupNo];
+            int groupMinLen = minLens[groupSel];
+            int[] groupLimits = limit[groupSel];
+            int[] groupPerm = perm[groupSel];
+            int[] groupBase = basev[groupSel];
+
+            {
+                int zn = groupMinLen;
+                int zvec = BsGetBits(groupMinLen);
+                while (zvec >= groupLimits[zn])
+                {
+                    if (++zn > BZip2Constants.MAX_CODE_LEN)
+                        throw new InvalidOperationException();
+
+                    zvec = (zvec << 1) | BsGetBit();
+                }
+                int permIndex = zvec - groupBase[zn];
+                if (permIndex >= alphaSize)
+                    throw new InvalidOperationException();
+
+                nextSym = groupPerm[permIndex];
+            }
+
+            while (nextSym != EOB)
+            {
+                //if (nextSym == BZip2Constants.RUNA || nextSym == BZip2Constants.RUNB)
+                if (nextSym <= BZip2Constants.RUNB)
+                {
+                    int n = 1, s = 0;
+                    do
+                    {
+                        if (n > 1024 * 1024)
+                            throw new InvalidOperationException();
+
+                        s += n << nextSym;
+                        n <<= 1;
+
+                        {
+                            if (groupPos == 0)
+                            {
+                                if (++groupNo >= nSelectors)
+                                    throw new InvalidOperationException();
+
+                                groupPos = BZip2Constants.G_SIZE;
+                                groupSel = m_selectors[groupNo];
+                                groupMinLen = minLens[groupSel];
+                                groupLimits = limit[groupSel];
+                                groupPerm = perm[groupSel];
+                                groupBase = basev[groupSel];
+                            }
+                            groupPos--;
+
+                            int zn = groupMinLen;
+                            int zvec = BsGetBits(groupMinLen);
+                            while (zvec >= groupLimits[zn])
+                            {
+                                if (++zn > BZip2Constants.MAX_CODE_LEN)
+                                    throw new InvalidOperationException();
+
+                                zvec = (zvec << 1) | BsGetBit();
+                            }
+                            int permIndex = zvec - groupBase[zn];
+                            if (permIndex >= alphaSize)
+                                throw new InvalidOperationException();
+
+                            nextSym = groupPerm[permIndex];
+                        }
+                    }
+                    //while (nextSym == BZip2Constants.RUNA || nextSym == BZip2Constants.RUNB);
+                    while (nextSym <= BZip2Constants.RUNB);
+
+                    byte ch = yy[0];
+                    unzftab[ch] += s;
+
+                    if (last >= limitLast - s)
+                        throw new InvalidOperationException("Block overrun");
+
+                    while (--s >= 0)
+                    {
+                        ll8[++last] = ch;
+                    }
+
+                    continue;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    if (++last >= limitLast)
+                        throw new InvalidOperationException("Block overrun");
+
+                    byte tmp = yy[nextSym - 1];
+                    unzftab[tmp]++;
+                    ll8[last] = tmp;
+
+                    /*
+                     * This loop is hammered during decompression, hence avoid
+                     * native method call overhead of Array.Copy for very
+                     * small ranges to copy.
+                     */
+                    if (nextSym <= 16)
+                    {
+                        for (j = nextSym - 1; j > 0; --j)
+                        {
+                            yy[j] = yy[j - 1];
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        Array.Copy(yy, 0, yy, 1, nextSym - 1);
+                    }
+
+                    yy[0] = tmp;
+
+                    {
+                        if (groupPos == 0)
+                        {
+                            if (++groupNo >= nSelectors)
+                                throw new InvalidOperationException();
+
+                            groupPos = BZip2Constants.G_SIZE;
+                            groupSel = m_selectors[groupNo];
+                            groupMinLen = minLens[groupSel];
+                            groupLimits = limit[groupSel];
+                            groupPerm = perm[groupSel];
+                            groupBase = basev[groupSel];
+                        }
+                        groupPos--;
+
+                        int zn = groupMinLen;
+                        int zvec = BsGetBits(groupMinLen);
+                        while (zvec >= groupLimits[zn])
+                        {
+                            if (++zn > BZip2Constants.MAX_CODE_LEN)
+                                throw new InvalidOperationException();
+
+                            zvec = (zvec << 1) | BsGetBit();
+                        }
+                        int permIndex = zvec - groupBase[zn];
+                        if (permIndex >= alphaSize)
+                            throw new InvalidOperationException();
+
+                        nextSym = groupPerm[permIndex];
+                    }
+                    continue;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (origPtr > last)
+                throw new InvalidOperationException();
+
+            // Check unzftab entries are in range.
+            {
+                int nblock = last + 1;
+                int check = 0;
+
+                for (i = 0; i <= 255; i++)
+                {
+                    int t = unzftab[i];
+                    check |= t;
+                    check |= nblock - t;
+                }
+                if (check < 0)
+                    throw new InvalidOperationException();
+            }
+        }
+
+        private int RequireByte()
+        {
+            int b = bsStream.ReadByte();
+            if (b < 0)
+                throw new EndOfStreamException();
+            return b & 0xFF;
+        }
+
+        private void SetupRandPartA()
+        {
+            if (i2 <= last)
+            {
+                chPrev = ch2;
+                ch2 = ll8[tPos];
+                tPos = tt[tPos];
+                if (rNToGo == 0)
+                {
+                    rNToGo = CBZip2OutputStream.RNums[rTPos++];
+                    rTPos &= 0x1FF;
+                }
+                rNToGo--;
+                ch2 ^= rNToGo == 1 ? 1 : 0;
+                i2++;
+
+                currentByte = ch2;
+                currentState = RAND_PART_B_STATE;
+                m_blockCrc.Update((byte)ch2);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                EndBlock();
+                BeginBlock();
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void SetupNoRandPartA()
+        {
+            if (i2 <= last)
+            {
+                chPrev = ch2;
+                ch2 = ll8[tPos];
+                tPos = tt[tPos];
+                i2++;
+
+                currentByte = ch2;
+                currentState = NO_RAND_PART_B_STATE;
+                m_blockCrc.Update((byte)ch2);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                EndBlock();
+                BeginBlock();
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void SetupRandPartB()
+        {
+            if (ch2 != chPrev)
+            {
+                count = 1;
+                SetupRandPartA();
+            }
+            else if (++count < 4)
+            {
+                SetupRandPartA();
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                z = ll8[tPos];
+                tPos = tt[tPos];
+                if (rNToGo == 0)
+                {
+                    rNToGo = CBZip2OutputStream.RNums[rTPos++];
+                    rTPos &= 0x1FF;
+                }
+                rNToGo--;
+                z ^= rNToGo == 1 ? 1 : 0;
+                j2 = 0;
+                currentState = RAND_PART_C_STATE;
+                SetupRandPartC();
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void SetupNoRandPartB()
+        {
+            if (ch2 != chPrev)
+            {
+                count = 1;
+                SetupNoRandPartA();
+            }
+            else if (++count < 4)
+            {
+                SetupNoRandPartA();
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                z = ll8[tPos];
+                tPos = tt[tPos];
+                currentState = NO_RAND_PART_C_STATE;
+                j2 = 0;
+                SetupNoRandPartC();
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void SetupRandPartC()
+        {
+            if (j2 < z)
+            {
+                currentByte = ch2;
+                m_blockCrc.Update((byte)ch2);
+                j2++;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                i2++;
+                count = 0;
+                SetupRandPartA();
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void SetupNoRandPartC()
+        {
+            if (j2 < z)
+            {
+                currentByte = ch2;
+                m_blockCrc.Update((byte)ch2);
+                j2++;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                i2++;
+                count = 0;
+                SetupNoRandPartA();
+            }
+        }
+
+        internal static int[][] CreateIntArray(int n1, int n2)
+        {
+            int[][] a = new int[n1][];
+            for (int k = 0; k < n1; ++k)
+            {
+                a[k] = new int[n2];
+            }
+            return a;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crypto/src/util/bzip2/CBZip2OutputStream.cs b/crypto/src/util/bzip2/CBZip2OutputStream.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b896f36c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crypto/src/util/bzip2/CBZip2OutputStream.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,1619 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ *
+ */
+
+/*
+ * This package is based on the work done by Keiron Liddle, Aftex Software
+ * <keiron@aftexsw.com> to whom the Ant project is very grateful for his
+ * great code.
+ */
+
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Diagnostics;
+using System.IO;
+
+using Org.BouncyCastle.Utilities.IO;
+
+namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Utilities.Bzip2
+{
+	/**
+    * An output stream that compresses into the BZip2 format (with the file
+    * header chars) into another stream.
+    *
+    * @author <a href="mailto:keiron@aftexsw.com">Keiron Liddle</a>
+    *
+    * TODO:    Update to BZip2 1.0.1
+    * <b>NB:</b> note this class has been modified to add a leading BZ to the
+    * start of the BZIP2 stream to make it compatible with other PGP programs.
+    */
+    public class CBZip2OutputStream
+        : BaseOutputStream 
+	{
+        protected const int SETMASK = 1 << 21;
+        protected const int CLEARMASK = ~SETMASK;
+        protected const int GREATER_ICOST = 15;
+        protected const int LESSER_ICOST = 0;
+        protected const int SMALL_THRESH = 20;
+        protected const int DEPTH_THRESH = 10;
+
+        internal static readonly ushort[] RNums = {
+            619, 720, 127, 481, 931, 816, 813, 233, 566, 247, 985, 724, 205, 454, 863, 491, 741, 242, 949, 214, 733,
+            859, 335, 708, 621, 574, 73, 654, 730, 472, 419, 436, 278, 496, 867, 210, 399, 680, 480, 51, 878, 465, 811,
+            169, 869, 675, 611, 697, 867, 561, 862, 687, 507, 283, 482, 129, 807, 591, 733, 623, 150, 238, 59, 379, 684,
+            877, 625, 169, 643, 105, 170, 607, 520, 932, 727, 476, 693, 425, 174, 647, 73, 122, 335, 530, 442, 853, 695,
+            249, 445, 515, 909, 545, 703, 919, 874, 474, 882, 500, 594, 612, 641, 801, 220, 162, 819, 984, 589, 513,
+            495, 799, 161, 604, 958, 533, 221, 400, 386, 867, 600, 782, 382, 596, 414, 171, 516, 375, 682, 485, 911,
+            276, 98, 553, 163, 354, 666, 933, 424, 341, 533, 870, 227, 730, 475, 186, 263, 647, 537, 686, 600, 224, 469,
+            68, 770, 919, 190, 373, 294, 822, 808, 206, 184, 943, 795, 384, 383, 461, 404, 758, 839, 887, 715, 67, 618,
+            276, 204, 918, 873, 777, 604, 560, 951, 160, 578, 722, 79, 804, 96, 409, 713, 940, 652, 934, 970, 447, 318,
+            353, 859, 672, 112, 785, 645, 863, 803, 350, 139, 93, 354, 99, 820, 908, 609, 772, 154, 274, 580, 184, 79,
+            626, 630, 742, 653, 282, 762, 623, 680, 81, 927, 626, 789, 125, 411, 521, 938, 300, 821, 78, 343, 175, 128,
+            250, 170, 774, 972, 275, 999, 639, 495, 78, 352, 126, 857, 956, 358, 619, 580, 124, 737, 594, 701, 612, 669,
+            112, 134, 694, 363, 992, 809, 743, 168, 974, 944, 375, 748, 52, 600, 747, 642, 182, 862, 81, 344, 805, 988,
+            739, 511, 655, 814, 334, 249, 515, 897, 955, 664, 981, 649, 113, 974, 459, 893, 228, 433, 837, 553, 268,
+            926, 240, 102, 654, 459, 51, 686, 754, 806, 760, 493, 403, 415, 394, 687, 700, 946, 670, 656, 610, 738, 392,
+            760, 799, 887, 653, 978, 321, 576, 617, 626, 502, 894, 679, 243, 440, 680, 879, 194, 572, 640, 724, 926, 56,
+            204, 700, 707, 151, 457, 449, 797, 195, 791, 558, 945, 679, 297, 59, 87, 824, 713, 663, 412, 693, 342, 606,
+            134, 108, 571, 364, 631, 212, 174, 643, 304, 329, 343, 97, 430, 751, 497, 314, 983, 374, 822, 928, 140, 206,
+            73, 263, 980, 736, 876, 478, 430, 305, 170, 514, 364, 692, 829, 82, 855, 953, 676, 246, 369, 970, 294, 750,
+            807, 827, 150, 790, 288, 923, 804, 378, 215, 828, 592, 281, 565, 555, 710, 82, 896, 831, 547, 261, 524, 462,
+            293, 465, 502, 56, 661, 821, 976, 991, 658, 869, 905, 758, 745, 193, 768, 550, 608, 933, 378, 286, 215, 979,
+            792, 961, 61, 688, 793, 644, 986, 403, 106, 366, 905, 644, 372, 567, 466, 434, 645, 210, 389, 550, 919, 135,
+            780, 773, 635, 389, 707, 100, 626, 958, 165, 504, 920, 176, 193, 713, 857, 265, 203, 50, 668, 108, 645, 990,
+            626, 197, 510, 357, 358, 850, 858, 364, 936, 638 };
+
+        /*
+         * Knuth's increments seem to work better than Incerpi-Sedgewick here, possibly because the number of elements
+         * to sort is usually small, typically <= 20.
+         */
+        private static readonly int[] Incs = { 1, 4, 13, 40, 121, 364, 1093, 3280, 9841, 29524, 88573, 265720, 797161,
+            2391484 };
+
+        private bool finished;
+
+        protected static void HbMakeCodeLengths(byte[] len, int[] freq, int alphaSize, int maxLen)
+        {
+            /*
+            Nodes and heap entries run from 1.  Entry 0
+            for both the heap and nodes is a sentinel.
+            */
+            int[] heap = new int[BZip2Constants.MAX_ALPHA_SIZE + 2];
+            int[] weight = new int[BZip2Constants.MAX_ALPHA_SIZE * 2];
+            int[] parent = new int[BZip2Constants.MAX_ALPHA_SIZE * 2];
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < alphaSize; i++)
+            {
+                weight[i + 1] = (freq[i] == 0 ? 1 : freq[i]) << 8;
+            }
+
+            while (true)
+            {
+                int nNodes = alphaSize;
+                int nHeap = 0;
+
+                heap[0] = 0;
+                weight[0] = 0;
+                parent[0] = -2;
+
+                for (int i = 1; i <= alphaSize; i++)
+                {
+                    parent[i] = -1;
+                    heap[++nHeap] = i;
+                    {
+                        int zz = nHeap;
+                        int tmp = heap[zz];
+                        while (weight[tmp] < weight[heap[zz >> 1]])
+                        {
+                            heap[zz] = heap[zz >> 1];
+                            zz >>= 1;
+                        }
+                        heap[zz] = tmp;
+                    }
+                }
+                if (!(nHeap < (BZip2Constants.MAX_ALPHA_SIZE + 2)))
+                    throw new InvalidOperationException();
+
+                while (nHeap > 1)
+                {
+                    int n1 = heap[1];
+                    heap[1] = heap[nHeap--];
+                    {
+                        int zz = 1;
+                        int tmp = heap[zz];
+                        while (true) 
+                        {
+                            int yy = zz << 1;
+                            if (yy > nHeap)
+                                break;
+
+                            if (yy < nHeap
+                                && weight[heap[yy + 1]] < weight[heap[yy]])
+                            {
+                                yy++;
+                            }
+
+                            if (weight[tmp] < weight[heap[yy]])
+                                break;
+
+                            heap[zz] = heap[yy];
+                            zz = yy;
+                        }
+                        heap[zz] = tmp;
+                    }
+                    int n2 = heap[1];
+                    heap[1] = heap[nHeap--];
+                    {
+                        int zz = 1;
+                        int tmp = heap[zz];
+                        while (true)
+                        {
+                            int yy = zz << 1;
+                            if (yy > nHeap)
+                                break;
+
+                            if (yy < nHeap
+                                && weight[heap[yy + 1]] < weight[heap[yy]])
+                            {
+                                yy++;
+                            }
+
+                            if (weight[tmp] < weight[heap[yy]])
+                                break;
+
+                            heap[zz] = heap[yy];
+                            zz = yy;
+                        }
+                        heap[zz] = tmp;
+                    }
+                    nNodes++;
+                    parent[n1] = parent[n2] = nNodes;
+
+                    weight[nNodes] = (int)((uint)((weight[n1] & 0xffffff00)
+                                    + (weight[n2] & 0xffffff00))
+                        | (uint)(1 + (((weight[n1] & 0x000000ff) >
+                                (weight[n2] & 0x000000ff)) ?
+                                (weight[n1] & 0x000000ff) :
+                                (weight[n2] & 0x000000ff))));
+
+                    parent[nNodes] = -1;
+                    heap[++nHeap] = nNodes;
+                    {
+                        int zz = nHeap;
+                        int tmp = heap[zz];
+                        while (weight[tmp] < weight[heap[zz >> 1]])
+                        {
+                            heap[zz] = heap[zz >> 1];
+                            zz >>= 1;
+                        }
+                        heap[zz] = tmp;
+                    }
+                }
+                if (!(nNodes < (BZip2Constants.MAX_ALPHA_SIZE * 2)))
+                    throw new InvalidOperationException();
+
+                //bool tooLong = false;
+                int tooLongBits = 0;
+                for (int i = 1; i <= alphaSize; i++)
+                {
+                    int j = 0;
+                    int k = i;
+                    while (parent[k] >= 0)
+                    {
+                        k = parent[k];
+                        j++;
+                    }
+                    len[i - 1] = (byte)j;
+                    //tooLong |= j > maxLen;
+                    tooLongBits |= maxLen - j;
+                }
+
+                //if (!tooLong)
+                if (tooLongBits >= 0)
+                    break;
+
+                for (int i = 1; i <= alphaSize; i++)
+                {
+                    int j = weight[i] >> 8;
+                    j = 1 + (j / 2);
+                    weight[i] = j << 8;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        /*
+         * number of characters in the block
+         */
+        int count;
+
+        /*
+        index in zptr[] of original string after sorting.
+        */
+        int origPtr;
+
+        /*
+        always: in the range 0 .. 9.
+        The current block size is 100000 * this number.
+        */
+        private readonly int blockSize100k;
+        private readonly int allowableBlockSize;
+
+        bool blockRandomised;
+        private readonly IList<StackElem> blocksortStack = new List<StackElem>();
+
+        int bsBuff;
+        int bsLivePos;
+        private readonly CRC m_blockCrc = new CRC();
+
+        private bool[] inUse = new bool[256];
+        private int nInUse;
+
+        private byte[] m_selectors = new byte[BZip2Constants.MAX_SELECTORS];
+
+        private byte[] blockBytes;
+        private ushort[] quadrantShorts;
+        private int[] zptr;
+        private int[] szptr;
+        private int[] ftab;
+
+        private int nMTF;
+
+        private int[] mtfFreq = new int[BZip2Constants.MAX_ALPHA_SIZE];
+
+        /*
+        * Used when sorting.  If too many long comparisons
+        * happen, we stop sorting, randomise the block
+        * slightly, and try again.
+        */
+        private int workFactor;
+        private int workDone;
+        private int workLimit;
+        private bool firstAttempt;
+
+        private int currentByte = -1;
+        private int runLength = 0;
+        private int m_streamCrc;
+
+        public CBZip2OutputStream(Stream outStream)
+            : this(outStream, 9)
+        {
+        }
+
+        public CBZip2OutputStream(Stream outStream, int blockSize)
+        {
+            blockBytes = null;
+            quadrantShorts = null;
+            zptr = null;
+            ftab = null;
+
+            outStream.WriteByte((byte)'B');
+            outStream.WriteByte((byte)'Z');
+
+            bsStream = outStream;
+            bsBuff = 0;
+            bsLivePos = 32;
+
+            workFactor = 50;
+            if (blockSize > 9)
+            {
+                blockSize = 9;
+            }
+            else if (blockSize < 1)
+            {
+                blockSize = 1;
+            }
+            blockSize100k = blockSize;
+
+            /* 20 is just a paranoia constant */
+            allowableBlockSize = BZip2Constants.baseBlockSize * blockSize100k - 20;
+
+            int n = BZip2Constants.baseBlockSize * blockSize100k;
+            blockBytes = new byte[(n + 1 + BZip2Constants.NUM_OVERSHOOT_BYTES)];
+            quadrantShorts = new ushort[(n + 1 + BZip2Constants.NUM_OVERSHOOT_BYTES)];
+            zptr = new int[n];
+            ftab = new int[65537];
+
+            /*
+            The back end needs a place to store the MTF values
+            whilst it calculates the coding tables.  We could
+            put them in the zptr array.  However, these values
+            will fit in a short, so we overlay szptr at the
+            start of zptr, in the hope of reducing the number
+            of cache misses induced by the multiple traversals
+            of the MTF values when calculating coding tables.
+            Seems to improve compression speed by about 1%.
+            */
+            // NOTE: We can't "overlay" in C#, so we just share zptr
+            szptr = zptr;
+
+            // Write `magic' bytes h indicating file-format == huffmanised, followed by a digit indicating blockSize100k
+            outStream.WriteByte((byte)'h');
+            outStream.WriteByte((byte)('0' + blockSize100k));
+
+            m_streamCrc = 0;
+
+            InitBlock();
+        }
+
+        /**
+        *
+        * modified by Oliver Merkel, 010128
+        *
+        */
+        public override void WriteByte(byte value)
+        {
+            if (currentByte == value)
+            {
+                if (++runLength > 254)
+                {
+                    WriteRun();
+                    currentByte = -1;
+                    runLength = 0;
+                }
+                return;
+            }
+
+            if (currentByte >= 0)
+            {
+                WriteRun();
+            }
+
+            currentByte = value;
+            runLength = 1;
+        }
+
+        private void WriteRun()
+        {
+            if (count > allowableBlockSize)
+            {
+                EndBlock();
+                InitBlock();
+            }
+
+            inUse[currentByte] = true;
+
+            switch (runLength)
+            {
+            case 1:
+                blockBytes[++count] = (byte)currentByte;
+                m_blockCrc.Update((byte)currentByte);
+                break;
+            case 2:
+                blockBytes[++count] = (byte)currentByte;
+                blockBytes[++count] = (byte)currentByte;
+                m_blockCrc.Update((byte)currentByte);
+                m_blockCrc.Update((byte)currentByte);
+                break;
+            case 3:
+                blockBytes[++count] = (byte)currentByte;
+                blockBytes[++count] = (byte)currentByte;
+                blockBytes[++count] = (byte)currentByte;
+                m_blockCrc.Update((byte)currentByte);
+                m_blockCrc.Update((byte)currentByte);
+                m_blockCrc.Update((byte)currentByte);
+                break;
+            default:
+                blockBytes[++count] = (byte)currentByte;
+                blockBytes[++count] = (byte)currentByte;
+                blockBytes[++count] = (byte)currentByte;
+                blockBytes[++count] = (byte)currentByte;
+                blockBytes[++count] = (byte)(runLength - 4);
+                inUse[runLength - 4] = true;
+                m_blockCrc.UpdateRun((byte)currentByte, runLength);
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        bool closed = false;
+
+        protected void Detach(bool disposing)
+        {
+            if (disposing)
+            {
+                if (!closed)
+                {
+                    Finish();
+                    closed = true;
+                }
+            }
+            base.Dispose(disposing);
+        }
+
+        protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
+        {
+            if (disposing)
+            {
+                if (!closed)
+                {
+                    Finish();
+                    closed = true;
+                    Platform.Dispose(this.bsStream);
+                }
+            }
+            base.Dispose(disposing);
+        }
+
+        public void Finish()
+        {
+            if (finished)
+                return;
+
+            if (runLength > 0)
+            {
+                WriteRun();
+            }
+            currentByte = -1;
+            if (count > 0)
+            {
+                EndBlock();
+            }
+            EndCompression();
+            finished = true;
+            Flush();
+        }
+        
+        public override void Flush()
+        {
+            bsStream.Flush();
+        }
+
+        private void InitBlock()
+        {
+            m_blockCrc.Initialise();
+            count = 0;
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < 256; i++)
+            {
+                inUse[i] = false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void EndBlock()
+        {
+            int blockFinalCrc = m_blockCrc.GetFinal();
+            m_streamCrc = Integers.RotateLeft(m_streamCrc, 1) ^ blockFinalCrc;
+
+            /* sort the block and establish posn of original string */
+            DoReversibleTransformation();
+
+            /*
+            A 6-byte block header, the value chosen arbitrarily
+            as 0x314159265359 :-).  A 32 bit value does not really
+            give a strong enough guarantee that the value will not
+            appear by chance in the compressed datastream.  Worst-case
+            probability of this event, for a 900k block, is about
+            2.0e-3 for 32 bits, 1.0e-5 for 40 bits and 4.0e-8 for 48 bits.
+            For a compressed file of size 100Gb -- about 100000 blocks --
+            only a 48-bit marker will do.  NB: normal compression/
+            decompression do *not* rely on these statistical properties.
+            They are only important when trying to recover blocks from
+            damaged files.
+            */
+            BsPutLong48(0x314159265359L);
+
+            /* Now the block's CRC, so it is in a known place. */
+            BsPutInt32(blockFinalCrc);
+
+            /* Now a single bit indicating randomisation. */
+            BsPutBit(blockRandomised ? 1 : 0);
+
+            /* Finally, block's contents proper. */
+            MoveToFrontCodeAndSend();
+        }
+
+        private void EndCompression()
+        {
+            /*
+            Now another magic 48-bit number, 0x177245385090, to
+            indicate the end of the last block.  (Sqrt(pi), if
+            you want to know.  I did want to use e, but it contains
+            too much repetition -- 27 18 28 18 28 46 -- for me
+            to feel statistically comfortable.  Call me paranoid.)
+            */
+            BsPutLong48(0x177245385090L);
+
+            BsPutInt32(m_streamCrc);
+
+            BsFinishedWithStream();
+        }
+
+        private void HbAssignCodes(int[] code, byte[] length, int minLen, int maxLen, int alphaSize)
+        {
+            int vec = 0;
+            for (int n = minLen; n <= maxLen; n++)
+            {
+                for (int i = 0; i < alphaSize; i++)
+                {
+                    if (length[i] == n)
+                    {
+                        code[i] = vec++;
+                    }
+                }
+                vec <<= 1;
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void BsFinishedWithStream()
+        {
+            if (bsLivePos < 32)
+            {
+                bsStream.WriteByte((byte)(bsBuff >> 24));
+                bsBuff = 0;
+                bsLivePos = 32;
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void BsPutBit(int v)
+        {
+            --bsLivePos;
+            bsBuff |= v << bsLivePos;
+
+            if (bsLivePos <= 24)
+            {
+                bsStream.WriteByte((byte)(bsBuff >> 24));
+                bsBuff <<= 8;
+                bsLivePos += 8;
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void BsPutBits(int n, int v)
+        {
+            Debug.Assert(1 <= n && n <= 24);
+
+            bsLivePos -= n;
+            bsBuff |= v << bsLivePos;
+
+            while (bsLivePos <= 24)
+            {
+                bsStream.WriteByte((byte)(bsBuff >> 24));
+                bsBuff <<= 8;
+                bsLivePos += 8;
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void BsPutBitsSmall(int n, int v)
+        {
+            Debug.Assert(1 <= n && n <= 8);
+
+            bsLivePos -= n;
+            bsBuff |= v << bsLivePos;
+
+            if (bsLivePos <= 24)
+            {
+                bsStream.WriteByte((byte)(bsBuff >> 24));
+                bsBuff <<= 8;
+                bsLivePos += 8;
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void BsPutInt32(int u)
+        {
+            BsPutBits(16, (u >> 16) & 0xFFFF);
+            BsPutBits(16, u & 0xFFFF);
+        }
+
+        private void BsPutLong48(long u)
+        {
+            BsPutBits(24, (int)(u >> 24) & 0xFFFFFF);
+            BsPutBits(24, (int)u & 0xFFFFFF);
+        }
+
+        private void SendMtfValues()
+        {
+
+            int v, t, i, j, bt, bc, iter;
+
+            int alphaSize = nInUse + 2;
+
+            /* Decide how many coding tables to use */
+            if (nMTF <= 0)
+                throw new InvalidOperationException();
+
+            int nGroups;
+            if (nMTF < 200)
+            {
+                nGroups = 2;
+            }
+            else if (nMTF < 600)
+            {
+                nGroups = 3;
+            }
+            else if (nMTF < 1200)
+            {
+                nGroups = 4;
+            }
+            else if (nMTF < 2400)
+            {
+                nGroups = 5;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                nGroups = 6;
+            }
+
+            byte[][] len = CreateByteArray(nGroups, alphaSize);
+            for (t = 0; t < nGroups; t++)
+            {
+                Arrays.Fill(len[t], GREATER_ICOST);
+            }
+
+            /* Generate an initial set of coding tables */
+            {
+                int nPart = nGroups;
+                int remF = nMTF;
+                int ge = -1;
+                while (nPart > 0)
+                {
+                    int gs = ge + 1;
+                    int aFreq = 0, tFreq = remF / nPart;
+                    while (aFreq < tFreq && ge < alphaSize - 1)
+                    {
+                        aFreq += mtfFreq[++ge];
+                    }
+
+                    if (ge > gs && nPart != nGroups && nPart != 1
+                        && ((nGroups - nPart) % 2 == 1))
+                    {
+                        aFreq -= mtfFreq[ge--];
+                    }
+
+                    byte[] len_np = len[nPart - 1];
+                    for (v = 0; v < alphaSize; v++)
+                    {
+                        if (v >= gs && v <= ge)
+                        {
+                            len_np[v] = LESSER_ICOST;
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            len_np[v] = GREATER_ICOST;
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    nPart--;
+                    remF -= aFreq;
+                }
+            }
+
+            int[][] rfreq = CBZip2InputStream.CreateIntArray(BZip2Constants.N_GROUPS, BZip2Constants.MAX_ALPHA_SIZE);
+            int[] fave = new int[BZip2Constants.N_GROUPS];
+            short[] cost = new short[BZip2Constants.N_GROUPS];
+
+            // Iterate up to N_ITERS times to improve the tables.
+            int nSelectors = 0;
+            for (iter = 0; iter < BZip2Constants.N_ITERS; iter++)
+            {
+                for (t = 0; t < nGroups; t++)
+                {
+                    fave[t] = 0;
+
+                    int[] rfreq_t = rfreq[t];
+                    for (v = 0; v < alphaSize; v++)
+                    {
+                        rfreq_t[v] = 0;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                nSelectors = 0;
+                int gs = 0;
+                while (gs < nMTF)
+                {
+                    /* Set group start & end marks. */
+
+                    /*
+                     * Calculate the cost of this group as coded by each of the coding tables.
+                     */
+
+                    int ge = System.Math.Min(gs + BZip2Constants.G_SIZE - 1, nMTF - 1);
+
+                    if (nGroups == 6)
+                    {
+                        byte[] len_0 = len[0], len_1 = len[1], len_2 = len[2], len_3 = len[3], len_4 = len[4], len_5 = len[5];
+                        short cost0 = 0, cost1 = 0, cost2 = 0, cost3 = 0, cost4 = 0, cost5 = 0;
+
+                        for (i = gs; i <= ge; i++)
+                        {
+                            int icv = szptr[i];
+                            cost0 += len_0[icv];
+                            cost1 += len_1[icv];
+                            cost2 += len_2[icv];
+                            cost3 += len_3[icv];
+                            cost4 += len_4[icv];
+                            cost5 += len_5[icv];
+                        }
+
+                        cost[0] = cost0;
+                        cost[1] = cost1;
+                        cost[2] = cost2;
+                        cost[3] = cost3;
+                        cost[4] = cost4;
+                        cost[5] = cost5;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        for (t = 0; t < nGroups; t++)
+                        {
+                            cost[t] = 0;
+                        }
+
+                        for (i = gs; i <= ge; i++)
+                        {
+                            int icv = szptr[i];
+                            for (t = 0; t < nGroups; t++)
+                            {
+                                cost[t] += len[t][icv];
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    /*
+                    Find the coding table which is best for this group,
+                    and record its identity in the selector table.
+                    */
+                    bc = cost[0];
+                    bt = 0;
+                    for (t = 1; t < nGroups; t++)
+                    {
+                        short cost_t = cost[t];
+                        if (cost_t < bc)
+                        {
+                            bc = cost_t;
+                            bt = t;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    fave[bt]++;
+                    m_selectors[nSelectors] = (byte)bt;
+                    nSelectors++;
+
+                    /*
+                    Increment the symbol frequencies for the selected table.
+                    */
+                    int[] rfreq_bt = rfreq[bt];
+                    for (i = gs; i <= ge; i++)
+                    {
+                        rfreq_bt[szptr[i]]++;
+                    }
+
+                    gs = ge + 1;
+                }
+
+                /*
+                Recompute the tables based on the accumulated frequencies.
+                */
+                for (t = 0; t < nGroups; t++)
+                {
+                    HbMakeCodeLengths(len[t], rfreq[t], alphaSize, BZip2Constants.MAX_CODE_LEN_GEN);
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (nGroups >= 8 || nGroups > BZip2Constants.N_GROUPS)
+                throw new InvalidOperationException();
+            if (nSelectors >= 32768 || nSelectors > BZip2Constants.MAX_SELECTORS)
+                throw new InvalidOperationException();
+
+            int[][] code = CBZip2InputStream.CreateIntArray(BZip2Constants.N_GROUPS, BZip2Constants.MAX_ALPHA_SIZE);
+
+            /* Assign actual codes for the tables. */
+            for (t = 0; t < nGroups; t++)
+            {
+                int maxLen = 0, minLen = 32;
+                byte[] len_t = len[t];
+                for (i = 0; i < alphaSize; i++)
+                {
+                    int lti = len_t[i];
+                    maxLen = System.Math.Max(maxLen, lti);
+                    minLen = System.Math.Min(minLen, lti);
+                }
+                if (minLen < 1 | maxLen > BZip2Constants.MAX_CODE_LEN_GEN)
+                    throw new InvalidOperationException();
+
+                HbAssignCodes(code[t], len_t, minLen, maxLen, alphaSize);
+            }
+
+            /* Transmit the mapping table. */
+            {
+                bool[] inUse16 = new bool[16];
+                for (i = 0; i < 16; i++)
+                {
+                    inUse16[i] = false;
+                    int i16 = i * 16;
+                    for (j = 0; j < 16; j++)
+                    {
+                        if (inUse[i16 + j])
+                        {
+                            inUse16[i] = true;
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+				for (i = 0; i < 16; i++)
+                {
+                    BsPutBit(inUse16[i] ? 1 : 0);
+                }
+
+                for (i = 0; i < 16; i++)
+                {
+                    if (inUse16[i])
+                    {
+                        int i16 = i * 16;
+                        for (j = 0; j < 16; j++)
+                        {
+                            BsPutBit(inUse[i16 + j] ? 1 : 0);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            /* Now the selectors. */
+            BsPutBitsSmall(3, nGroups);
+            BsPutBits(15, nSelectors);
+            {
+                int mtfSelectors = 0x00654321;
+
+                for (i = 0; i < nSelectors; i++)
+                {
+                    // Compute MTF value for the selector.
+                    int ll_i = m_selectors[i];
+                    int bitPos = ll_i << 2;
+                    int mtfSelector = (mtfSelectors >> bitPos) & 0xF;
+
+                    if (mtfSelector != 1)
+                    {
+                        int mtfIncMask = (0x00888888 - mtfSelectors + 0x00111111 * mtfSelector) & 0x00888888;
+                        mtfSelectors = mtfSelectors - (mtfSelector << bitPos) + (mtfIncMask >> 3);
+                    }
+
+                    BsPutBitsSmall(mtfSelector, (1 << mtfSelector) - 2);
+                }
+            }
+
+            /* Now the coding tables. */
+            for (t = 0; t < nGroups; t++)
+            {
+                byte[] len_t = len[t];
+                int curr = len_t[0];
+                BsPutBitsSmall(6, curr << 1);
+                for (i = 1; i < alphaSize; i++)
+                {
+                    int lti = len_t[i];
+                    while (curr < lti)
+                    {
+                        BsPutBitsSmall(2, 2);
+                        curr++; /* 10 */
+                    }
+                    while (curr > lti)
+                    {
+                        BsPutBitsSmall(2, 3);
+                        curr--; /* 11 */
+                    }
+                    BsPutBit(0);
+                }
+            }
+
+            /* And finally, the block data proper */
+            {
+                int selCtr = 0;
+                int gs = 0;
+                while (gs < nMTF)
+                {
+                    int ge = System.Math.Min(gs + BZip2Constants.G_SIZE - 1, nMTF - 1);
+
+                    int selector_selCtr = m_selectors[selCtr];
+                    byte[] len_selCtr = len[selector_selCtr];
+                    int[] code_selCtr = code[selector_selCtr];
+
+                    for (i = gs; i <= ge; i++)
+                    {
+                        int sfmap_i = szptr[i];
+                        BsPutBits(len_selCtr[sfmap_i], code_selCtr[sfmap_i]);
+                    }
+
+                    gs = ge + 1;
+                    selCtr++;
+                }
+                if (selCtr != nSelectors)
+                    throw new InvalidOperationException();
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void MoveToFrontCodeAndSend()
+        {
+            BsPutBits(24, origPtr);
+            GenerateMtfValues();
+            SendMtfValues();
+        }
+
+        private Stream bsStream;
+
+        private void SimpleSort(int lo, int hi, int d)
+        {
+            int i, j, h, v;
+
+            int bigN = hi - lo + 1;
+            if (bigN < 2)
+                return;
+
+            int hp = 0;
+            while (Incs[hp] < bigN)
+            {
+                hp++;
+            }
+            hp--;
+
+            for (; hp >= 0; hp--)
+            {
+                h = Incs[hp];
+
+                i = lo + h;
+                while (i <= hi)
+                {
+                    /* copy 1 */
+                    v = zptr[i];
+                    j = i;
+                    while (FullGtU(zptr[j - h] + d, v + d))
+                    {
+                        zptr[j] = zptr[j - h];
+                        j = j - h;
+                        if (j <= (lo + h - 1))
+                            break;
+                    }
+                    zptr[j] = v;
+
+                    /* copy 2 */
+                    if (++i > hi)
+                        break;
+
+                    v = zptr[i];
+                    j = i;
+                    while (FullGtU(zptr[j - h] + d, v + d))
+                    {
+                        zptr[j] = zptr[j - h];
+                        j = j - h;
+                        if (j <= (lo + h - 1))
+                            break;
+                    }
+                    zptr[j] = v;
+
+                    /* copy 3 */
+                    if (++i > hi)
+                        break;
+
+                    v = zptr[i];
+                    j = i;
+                    while (FullGtU(zptr[j - h] + d, v + d))
+                    {
+                        zptr[j] = zptr[j - h];
+                        j = j - h;
+                        if (j <= (lo + h - 1))
+                            break;
+                    }
+                    zptr[j] = v;
+                    i++;
+
+                    if (workDone > workLimit && firstAttempt)
+                        return;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void Vswap(int p1, int p2, int n)
+        {
+            while (--n >= 0)
+            {
+                int t1 = zptr[p1], t2 = zptr[p2];
+                zptr[p1++] = t2;
+                zptr[p2++] = t1;
+            }
+        }
+
+        private int Med3(int a, int b, int c)
+        {
+            return a > b
+                ? (c < b ? b : c > a ? a : c)
+                : (c < a ? a : c > b ? b : c);
+        }
+
+        internal class StackElem
+        {
+            internal int ll;
+            internal int hh;
+            internal int dd;
+        }
+
+        private static void PushStackElem(IList<StackElem> stack, int stackCount, int ll, int hh, int dd)
+        {
+            StackElem stackElem;
+            if (stackCount < stack.Count)
+            {
+                stackElem = stack[stackCount];
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                stackElem = new StackElem();
+                stack.Add(stackElem);
+            }
+
+            stackElem.ll = ll;
+            stackElem.hh = hh;
+            stackElem.dd = dd;
+        }
+
+        private void QSort3(int loSt, int hiSt, int dSt)
+        {
+            int unLo, unHi, ltLo, gtHi, n, m;
+
+            var stack = blocksortStack;
+            int stackCount = 0;
+            StackElem stackElem;
+
+            int lo = loSt;
+            int hi = hiSt;
+            int d = dSt;
+
+            for (;;)
+            {
+                if (hi - lo < SMALL_THRESH || d > DEPTH_THRESH)
+                {
+                    SimpleSort(lo, hi, d);
+                    if (stackCount < 1 || (workDone > workLimit && firstAttempt))
+                        return;
+
+                    stackElem = stack[--stackCount];
+                    lo = stackElem.ll;
+                    hi = stackElem.hh;
+                    d = stackElem.dd;
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                int d1 = d + 1;
+                int med = Med3(
+                    blockBytes[zptr[lo] + d1],
+                    blockBytes[zptr[hi] + d1],
+                    blockBytes[zptr[(lo + hi) >> 1] + d1]);
+
+                unLo = ltLo = lo;
+                unHi = gtHi = hi;
+
+                while (true)
+                {
+                    while (unLo <= unHi)
+                    {
+                        int zUnLo = zptr[unLo];
+                        n = blockBytes[zUnLo + d1] - med;
+                        if (n > 0)
+                            break;
+
+                        if (n == 0)
+                        {
+                            zptr[unLo] = zptr[ltLo];
+                            zptr[ltLo++] = zUnLo;
+                        }
+                        unLo++;
+                    }
+                    while (unLo <= unHi)
+                    {
+                        int zUnHi = zptr[unHi];
+                        n = blockBytes[zUnHi + d1] - med;
+                        if (n < 0)
+                            break;
+
+                        if (n == 0)
+                        {
+                            zptr[unHi] = zptr[gtHi];
+                            zptr[gtHi--] = zUnHi;
+                        }
+                        unHi--;
+                    }
+                    if (unLo > unHi)
+                        break;
+
+                    int temp = zptr[unLo];
+                    zptr[unLo++] = zptr[unHi];
+                    zptr[unHi--] = temp;
+                }
+
+                if (gtHi < ltLo)
+                {
+                    d = d1;
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                n = System.Math.Min(ltLo - lo, unLo - ltLo);
+                Vswap(lo, unLo - n, n);
+
+                m = System.Math.Min(hi - gtHi, gtHi - unHi);
+                Vswap(unLo, hi - m + 1, m);
+
+                n = lo + (unLo - ltLo);
+                m = hi - (gtHi - unHi);
+
+                PushStackElem(stack, stackCount++, lo, n - 1, d);
+                PushStackElem(stack, stackCount++, n, m, d1);
+
+                lo = m + 1;
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void MainSort()
+        {
+            int i, j, ss, sb;
+            int[] runningOrder = new int[256];
+            int[] copy = new int[256];
+            bool[] bigDone = new bool[256];
+            int c1, c2;
+
+            /*
+            In the various block-sized structures, live data runs
+            from 0 to last+NUM_OVERSHOOT_BYTES inclusive.  First,
+            set up the overshoot area for block.
+            */
+            for (i = 0; i < BZip2Constants.NUM_OVERSHOOT_BYTES; i++)
+            {
+                blockBytes[count + i + 1] = blockBytes[(i % count) + 1];
+            }
+            for (i = 0; i <= count + BZip2Constants.NUM_OVERSHOOT_BYTES; i++)
+            {
+                quadrantShorts[i] = 0;
+            }
+
+            blockBytes[0] = blockBytes[count];
+
+            if (count <= 4000)
+            {
+                /*
+                Use SimpleSort(), since the full sorting mechanism
+                has quite a large constant overhead.
+                */
+                for (i = 0; i < count; i++)
+                {
+                    zptr[i] = i;
+                }
+                firstAttempt = false;
+                workDone = workLimit = 0;
+                SimpleSort(0, count - 1, 0);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                for (i = 0; i <= 255; i++)
+                {
+                    bigDone[i] = false;
+                }
+
+                for (i = 0; i <= 65536; i++)
+                {
+                    ftab[i] = 0;
+                }
+
+                c1 = blockBytes[0];
+                for (i = 1; i <= count; i++)
+                {
+                    c2 = blockBytes[i];
+                    ftab[(c1 << 8) + c2]++;
+                    c1 = c2;
+                }
+
+                for (i = 0; i < 65536; i++)
+                {
+                    ftab[i + 1] += ftab[i];
+                }
+
+                c1 = blockBytes[1];
+                for (i = 0; i < (count - 1); i++)
+                {
+                    c2 = blockBytes[i + 2];
+                    j = (c1 << 8) + c2;
+                    c1 = c2;
+                    ftab[j]--;
+                    zptr[ftab[j]] = i;
+                }
+
+                j = ((int)blockBytes[count] << 8) + blockBytes[1];
+                ftab[j]--;
+                zptr[ftab[j]] = count - 1;
+
+                /*
+                Now ftab contains the first loc of every small bucket.
+                Calculate the running order, from smallest to largest
+                big bucket.
+                */
+
+                for (i = 0; i <= 255; i++)
+                {
+                    runningOrder[i] = i;
+                }
+
+                {
+                    int h = 1;
+                    do
+                    {
+                        h = 3 * h + 1;
+                    }
+                    while (h <= 256);
+                    do
+                    {
+                        h = h / 3;
+                        for (i = h; i <= 255; i++)
+                        {
+                            int vv = runningOrder[i];
+                            j = i;
+                            while ((ftab[(runningOrder[j - h] + 1) << 8] - ftab[runningOrder[j - h] << 8])
+                                > (ftab[(vv + 1) << 8] - ftab[vv << 8]))
+                            {
+                                runningOrder[j] = runningOrder[j - h];
+                                j = j - h;
+                                if (j < h)
+                                    break;
+                            }
+                            runningOrder[j] = vv;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    while (h != 1);
+                }
+
+                /*
+                The main sorting loop.
+                */
+                for (i = 0; i <= 255; i++)
+                {
+                    /*
+                    Process big buckets, starting with the least full.
+                    */
+                    ss = runningOrder[i];
+
+                    /*
+                    Complete the big bucket [ss] by quicksorting
+                    any unsorted small buckets [ss, j].  Hopefully
+                    previous pointer-scanning phases have already
+                    completed many of the small buckets [ss, j], so
+                    we don't have to sort them at all.
+                    */
+                    for (j = 0; j <= 255; j++)
+                    {
+                        sb = (ss << 8) + j;
+                        if ((ftab[sb] & SETMASK) != SETMASK)
+                        {
+                            int lo = ftab[sb] & CLEARMASK;
+                            int hi = (ftab[sb + 1] & CLEARMASK) - 1;
+                            if (hi > lo)
+                            {
+                                QSort3(lo, hi, 2);
+                                if (workDone > workLimit && firstAttempt)
+                                    return;
+                            }
+                            ftab[sb] |= SETMASK;
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    /*
+                    The ss big bucket is now done.  Record this fact,
+                    and update the quadrant descriptors.  Remember to
+                    update quadrants in the overshoot area too, if
+                    necessary.  The "if (i < 255)" test merely skips
+                    this updating for the last bucket processed, since
+                    updating for the last bucket is pointless.
+                    */
+                    bigDone[ss] = true;
+
+                    if (i < 255)
+                    {
+                        int bbStart = ftab[ss << 8] & CLEARMASK;
+                        int bbSize = (ftab[(ss + 1) << 8] & CLEARMASK) - bbStart;
+
+                        int shifts = 0;
+                        while ((bbSize >> shifts) > 65534)
+                        {
+                            shifts++;
+                        }
+
+                        for (j = 0; j < bbSize; j++)
+                        {
+                            int a2update = zptr[bbStart + j] + 1;
+                            ushort qVal = (ushort)(j >> shifts);
+                            quadrantShorts[a2update] = qVal;
+                            if (a2update <= BZip2Constants.NUM_OVERSHOOT_BYTES)
+                            {
+                                quadrantShorts[a2update + count] = qVal;
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                        if (!(((bbSize - 1) >> shifts) <= 65535))
+                            throw new InvalidOperationException();
+                    }
+
+                    /*
+                    Now scan this big bucket so as to synthesise the
+                    sorted order for small buckets [t, ss] for all t != ss.
+                    */
+                    for (j = 0; j <= 255; j++)
+                    {
+                        copy[j] = ftab[(j << 8) + ss] & CLEARMASK;
+                    }
+
+                    for (j = ftab[ss << 8] & CLEARMASK;
+                        j < (ftab[(ss + 1) << 8] & CLEARMASK); j++)
+                    {
+                        int zptr_j = zptr[j];
+                        c1 = blockBytes[zptr_j];
+                        if (!bigDone[c1])
+                        {
+                            zptr[copy[c1]] = (zptr_j == 0 ? count : zptr_j) - 1;
+                            copy[c1]++;
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    for (j = 0; j <= 255; j++)
+                    {
+                        ftab[(j << 8) + ss] |= SETMASK;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void RandomiseBlock()
+        {
+            for (int i = 0; i < 256; i++)
+            {
+                inUse[i] = false;
+            }
+
+            int rNToGo = 0, rTPos = 0;
+
+            for (int i = 1; i <= count; i++)
+            {
+                if (rNToGo == 0)
+                {
+                    rNToGo = RNums[rTPos++];
+                    rTPos &= 0x1FF;
+                }
+                rNToGo--;
+                blockBytes[i] ^= (byte)(rNToGo == 1 ? 1 : 0);
+
+                inUse[blockBytes[i]] = true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void DoReversibleTransformation()
+        {
+            workLimit = workFactor * (count - 1);
+            workDone = 0;
+            blockRandomised = false;
+            firstAttempt = true;
+
+            MainSort();
+
+            if (workDone > workLimit && firstAttempt)
+            {
+                RandomiseBlock();
+                workLimit = workDone = 0;
+                blockRandomised = true;
+                firstAttempt = false;
+                MainSort();
+            }
+
+            origPtr = -1;
+            for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
+            {
+                if (zptr[i] == 0)
+                {
+                    origPtr = i;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (origPtr == -1)
+                throw new InvalidOperationException();
+        }
+
+        private bool FullGtU(int i1, int i2)
+        {
+            int c1, c2;
+
+            c1 = blockBytes[++i1];
+            c2 = blockBytes[++i2];
+            if (c1 != c2)
+                return c1 > c2;
+
+            c1 = blockBytes[++i1];
+            c2 = blockBytes[++i2];
+            if (c1 != c2)
+                return c1 > c2;
+
+            c1 = blockBytes[++i1];
+            c2 = blockBytes[++i2];
+            if (c1 != c2)
+                return c1 > c2;
+
+            c1 = blockBytes[++i1];
+            c2 = blockBytes[++i2];
+            if (c1 != c2)
+                return c1 > c2;
+
+            c1 = blockBytes[++i1];
+            c2 = blockBytes[++i2];
+            if (c1 != c2)
+                return c1 > c2;
+
+            c1 = blockBytes[++i1];
+            c2 = blockBytes[++i2];
+            if (c1 != c2)
+                return c1 > c2;
+
+            int k = count;
+            int s1, s2;
+
+            do
+            {
+                c1 = blockBytes[++i1];
+                c2 = blockBytes[++i2];
+                if (c1 != c2)
+                    return c1 > c2;
+
+                s1 = quadrantShorts[i1];
+                s2 = quadrantShorts[i2];
+                if (s1 != s2)
+                    return s1 > s2;
+
+                c1 = blockBytes[++i1];
+                c2 = blockBytes[++i2];
+                if (c1 != c2)
+                    return c1 > c2;
+
+                s1 = quadrantShorts[i1];
+                s2 = quadrantShorts[i2];
+                if (s1 != s2)
+                    return s1 > s2;
+
+                c1 = blockBytes[++i1];
+                c2 = blockBytes[++i2];
+                if (c1 != c2)
+                    return c1 > c2;
+
+                s1 = quadrantShorts[i1];
+                s2 = quadrantShorts[i2];
+                if (s1 != s2)
+                    return s1 > s2;
+
+                c1 = blockBytes[++i1];
+                c2 = blockBytes[++i2];
+                if (c1 != c2)
+                    return c1 > c2;
+
+                s1 = quadrantShorts[i1];
+                s2 = quadrantShorts[i2];
+                if (s1 != s2)
+                    return s1 > s2;
+
+                if (i1 >= count)
+                {
+                    i1 -= count;
+                }
+                if (i2 >= count)
+                {
+                    i2 -= count;
+                }
+
+                k -= 4;
+                workDone++;
+            }
+            while (k >= 0);
+
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        private void GenerateMtfValues()
+        {
+            int i;
+
+            nInUse = 0;
+
+            byte[] yy = new byte[256];
+            for (i = 0; i < 256; i++)
+            {
+                if (inUse[i])
+                {
+                    yy[nInUse++] = (byte)i;
+                }
+            }
+
+            int EOB = nInUse + 1;
+
+            for (i = 0; i <= EOB; i++)
+            {
+                mtfFreq[i] = 0;
+            }
+
+            int wr = 0, zPend = 0;
+            for (i = 0; i < count; i++)
+            {
+                byte blockByte = blockBytes[zptr[i]];
+
+                byte tmp = yy[0];
+                if (blockByte == tmp)
+                {
+                    zPend++;
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                int sym = 1;
+                do
+                {
+                    byte tmp2 = tmp;
+                    tmp = yy[sym];
+                    yy[sym++] = tmp2;
+                }
+                while (blockByte != tmp);
+                yy[0] = tmp;
+
+                while (zPend > 0)
+                {
+                    // RUNA or RUNB
+                    int run = --zPend & 1;
+                    szptr[wr++] = run;
+                    mtfFreq[run]++;
+                    zPend >>= 1;
+                }
+
+                szptr[wr++] = sym;
+                mtfFreq[sym]++;
+            }
+
+            while (zPend > 0)
+            {
+                // RUNA or RUNB
+                int run = --zPend & 1;
+                szptr[wr++] = run;
+                mtfFreq[run]++;
+                zPend >>= 1;
+            }
+
+            szptr[wr++] = EOB;
+            mtfFreq[EOB]++;
+
+            nMTF = wr;
+        }
+
+        internal static byte[][] CreateByteArray(int n1, int n2)
+        {
+            byte[][] a = new byte[n1][];
+            for (int k = 0; k < n1; ++k)
+            {
+                a[k] = new byte[n2];
+            }
+            return a;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public class CBZip2OutputStreamLeaveOpen
+        : CBZip2OutputStream
+    {
+        public CBZip2OutputStreamLeaveOpen(Stream outStream)
+            : base(outStream)
+        {
+        }
+
+        public CBZip2OutputStreamLeaveOpen(Stream outStream, int blockSize)
+            : base(outStream, blockSize)
+        {
+        }
+
+        protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
+        {
+            Detach(disposing);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crypto/src/util/bzip2/CRC.cs b/crypto/src/util/bzip2/CRC.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..30c7e9c7d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crypto/src/util/bzip2/CRC.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ *
+ */
+
+/*
+ * This package is based on the work done by Keiron Liddle), Aftex Software
+ * <keiron@aftexsw.com> to whom the Ant project is very grateful for his
+ * great code.
+ */
+
+using System.Diagnostics;
+
+namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Utilities.Bzip2
+{
+    /**
+    * A simple class the hold and calculate the CRC for sanity checking
+    * of the data.
+    *
+    * @author <a href="mailto:keiron@aftexsw.com">Keiron Liddle</a>
+    */
+    internal class CRC
+    {
+        // Values are byte-reversed
+        private static readonly uint[] Crc32Table = {
+            0x00000000, 0xB71DC104, 0x6E3B8209, 0xD926430D,
+            0xDC760413, 0x6B6BC517, 0xB24D861A, 0x0550471E,
+            0xB8ED0826, 0x0FF0C922, 0xD6D68A2F, 0x61CB4B2B,
+            0x649B0C35, 0xD386CD31, 0x0AA08E3C, 0xBDBD4F38,
+            0x70DB114C, 0xC7C6D048, 0x1EE09345, 0xA9FD5241,
+            0xACAD155F, 0x1BB0D45B, 0xC2969756, 0x758B5652,
+            0xC836196A, 0x7F2BD86E, 0xA60D9B63, 0x11105A67,
+            0x14401D79, 0xA35DDC7D, 0x7A7B9F70, 0xCD665E74,
+            0xE0B62398, 0x57ABE29C, 0x8E8DA191, 0x39906095,
+            0x3CC0278B, 0x8BDDE68F, 0x52FBA582, 0xE5E66486,
+            0x585B2BBE, 0xEF46EABA, 0x3660A9B7, 0x817D68B3,
+            0x842D2FAD, 0x3330EEA9, 0xEA16ADA4, 0x5D0B6CA0,
+            0x906D32D4, 0x2770F3D0, 0xFE56B0DD, 0x494B71D9,
+            0x4C1B36C7, 0xFB06F7C3, 0x2220B4CE, 0x953D75CA,
+            0x28803AF2, 0x9F9DFBF6, 0x46BBB8FB, 0xF1A679FF,
+            0xF4F63EE1, 0x43EBFFE5, 0x9ACDBCE8, 0x2DD07DEC,
+            0x77708634, 0xC06D4730, 0x194B043D, 0xAE56C539,
+            0xAB068227, 0x1C1B4323, 0xC53D002E, 0x7220C12A,
+            0xCF9D8E12, 0x78804F16, 0xA1A60C1B, 0x16BBCD1F,
+            0x13EB8A01, 0xA4F64B05, 0x7DD00808, 0xCACDC90C,
+            0x07AB9778, 0xB0B6567C, 0x69901571, 0xDE8DD475,
+            0xDBDD936B, 0x6CC0526F, 0xB5E61162, 0x02FBD066,
+            0xBF469F5E, 0x085B5E5A, 0xD17D1D57, 0x6660DC53,
+            0x63309B4D, 0xD42D5A49, 0x0D0B1944, 0xBA16D840,
+            0x97C6A5AC, 0x20DB64A8, 0xF9FD27A5, 0x4EE0E6A1,
+            0x4BB0A1BF, 0xFCAD60BB, 0x258B23B6, 0x9296E2B2,
+            0x2F2BAD8A, 0x98366C8E, 0x41102F83, 0xF60DEE87,
+            0xF35DA999, 0x4440689D, 0x9D662B90, 0x2A7BEA94,
+            0xE71DB4E0, 0x500075E4, 0x892636E9, 0x3E3BF7ED,
+            0x3B6BB0F3, 0x8C7671F7, 0x555032FA, 0xE24DF3FE,
+            0x5FF0BCC6, 0xE8ED7DC2, 0x31CB3ECF, 0x86D6FFCB,
+            0x8386B8D5, 0x349B79D1, 0xEDBD3ADC, 0x5AA0FBD8,
+            0xEEE00C69, 0x59FDCD6D, 0x80DB8E60, 0x37C64F64,
+            0x3296087A, 0x858BC97E, 0x5CAD8A73, 0xEBB04B77,
+            0x560D044F, 0xE110C54B, 0x38368646, 0x8F2B4742,
+            0x8A7B005C, 0x3D66C158, 0xE4408255, 0x535D4351,
+            0x9E3B1D25, 0x2926DC21, 0xF0009F2C, 0x471D5E28,
+            0x424D1936, 0xF550D832, 0x2C769B3F, 0x9B6B5A3B,
+            0x26D61503, 0x91CBD407, 0x48ED970A, 0xFFF0560E,
+            0xFAA01110, 0x4DBDD014, 0x949B9319, 0x2386521D,
+            0x0E562FF1, 0xB94BEEF5, 0x606DADF8, 0xD7706CFC,
+            0xD2202BE2, 0x653DEAE6, 0xBC1BA9EB, 0x0B0668EF,
+            0xB6BB27D7, 0x01A6E6D3, 0xD880A5DE, 0x6F9D64DA,
+            0x6ACD23C4, 0xDDD0E2C0, 0x04F6A1CD, 0xB3EB60C9,
+            0x7E8D3EBD, 0xC990FFB9, 0x10B6BCB4, 0xA7AB7DB0,
+            0xA2FB3AAE, 0x15E6FBAA, 0xCCC0B8A7, 0x7BDD79A3,
+            0xC660369B, 0x717DF79F, 0xA85BB492, 0x1F467596,
+            0x1A163288, 0xAD0BF38C, 0x742DB081, 0xC3307185,
+            0x99908A5D, 0x2E8D4B59, 0xF7AB0854, 0x40B6C950,
+            0x45E68E4E, 0xF2FB4F4A, 0x2BDD0C47, 0x9CC0CD43,
+            0x217D827B, 0x9660437F, 0x4F460072, 0xF85BC176,
+            0xFD0B8668, 0x4A16476C, 0x93300461, 0x242DC565,
+            0xE94B9B11, 0x5E565A15, 0x87701918, 0x306DD81C,
+            0x353D9F02, 0x82205E06, 0x5B061D0B, 0xEC1BDC0F,
+            0x51A69337, 0xE6BB5233, 0x3F9D113E, 0x8880D03A,
+            0x8DD09724, 0x3ACD5620, 0xE3EB152D, 0x54F6D429,
+            0x7926A9C5, 0xCE3B68C1, 0x171D2BCC, 0xA000EAC8,
+            0xA550ADD6, 0x124D6CD2, 0xCB6B2FDF, 0x7C76EEDB,
+            0xC1CBA1E3, 0x76D660E7, 0xAFF023EA, 0x18EDE2EE,
+            0x1DBDA5F0, 0xAAA064F4, 0x738627F9, 0xC49BE6FD,
+            0x09FDB889, 0xBEE0798D, 0x67C63A80, 0xD0DBFB84,
+            0xD58BBC9A, 0x62967D9E, 0xBBB03E93, 0x0CADFF97,
+            0xB110B0AF, 0x060D71AB, 0xDF2B32A6, 0x6836F3A2,
+            0x6D66B4BC, 0xDA7B75B8, 0x035D36B5, 0xB440F7B1,
+        };
+
+        private uint m_value = 0U;
+
+        internal void Initialise()
+        {
+            m_value = 0xFFFFFFFF;
+        }
+
+        internal int GetFinal()
+        {
+            return (int)~Integers.ReverseBytes(m_value);
+        }
+
+        internal void Update(byte inCh)
+        {
+            m_value = (m_value >> 8) ^ Crc32Table[(byte)(m_value ^ inCh)];
+        }
+
+        internal void UpdateRun(byte inCh, int runLength)
+        {
+            Debug.Assert(runLength >= 4);
+
+            uint inCh2 = (uint)inCh << 8 | inCh;
+            uint inCh4 = inCh2 << 16 | inCh2;
+
+            do
+            {
+                m_value ^= inCh4;
+                m_value = (m_value >> 8) ^ Crc32Table[(byte)m_value];
+                m_value = (m_value >> 8) ^ Crc32Table[(byte)m_value];
+                m_value = (m_value >> 8) ^ Crc32Table[(byte)m_value];
+                m_value = (m_value >> 8) ^ Crc32Table[(byte)m_value];
+            }
+            while ((runLength -= 4) >= 4);
+
+            switch (runLength & 3)
+            {
+            case 0:
+                break;
+            case 1:
+                Update(inCh);
+                break;
+            case 2:
+                Update(inCh);
+                Update(inCh);
+                break;
+            case 3:
+                Update(inCh);
+                Update(inCh);
+                Update(inCh);
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crypto/src/util/date/DateTimeUtilities.cs b/crypto/src/util/date/DateTimeUtilities.cs
index 72e5123a2..3660e29c2 100644
--- a/crypto/src/util/date/DateTimeUtilities.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/util/date/DateTimeUtilities.cs
@@ -2,38 +2,48 @@ using System;
 
 namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Utilities.Date
 {
-	public class DateTimeUtilities
+	public static class DateTimeUtilities
 	{
-		public static readonly DateTime UnixEpoch = new DateTime(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, DateTimeKind.Utc);
+#if NETCOREAPP2_1_OR_GREATER || NETSTANDARD2_1_OR_GREATER
+        public static readonly DateTime UnixEpoch = DateTime.UnixEpoch;
+#else
+        public static readonly DateTime UnixEpoch = new DateTime(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, DateTimeKind.Utc);
+#endif
 
-		private DateTimeUtilities()
-		{
-		}
+        public static readonly long MaxUnixMs =
+            (DateTime.MaxValue.Ticks - UnixEpoch.Ticks) / TimeSpan.TicksPerMillisecond;
+        public static readonly long MinUnixMs = 0L;
 
-		/// <summary>
-		/// Return the number of milliseconds since the Unix epoch (1 Jan., 1970 UTC) for a given DateTime value.
-		/// </summary>
-		/// <param name="dateTime">A UTC DateTime value not before epoch.</param>
-		/// <returns>Number of whole milliseconds after epoch.</returns>
-		/// <exception cref="ArgumentException">'dateTime' is before epoch.</exception>
-		public static long DateTimeToUnixMs(
-			DateTime dateTime)
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Return the number of milliseconds since the Unix epoch (1 Jan., 1970 UTC) for a given DateTime value.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>The DateTime value will be converted to UTC (using <see cref="DateTime.ToUniversalTime"/> before
+        /// conversion.</remarks>
+        /// <param name="dateTime">A DateTime value not before the epoch.</param>
+        /// <returns>Number of whole milliseconds after epoch.</returns>
+        /// <exception cref="ArgumentOutOfRangeException">'dateTime' is before the epoch.</exception>
+        public static long DateTimeToUnixMs(DateTime dateTime)
 		{
-			if (dateTime.CompareTo(UnixEpoch) < 0)
-				throw new ArgumentException("DateTime value may not be before the epoch", "dateTime");
+            DateTime utc = dateTime.ToUniversalTime();
+            if (utc.CompareTo(UnixEpoch) < 0)
+				throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(dateTime), "DateTime value may not be before the epoch");
 
-			return (dateTime.Ticks - UnixEpoch.Ticks) / TimeSpan.TicksPerMillisecond;
+			return (utc.Ticks - UnixEpoch.Ticks) / TimeSpan.TicksPerMillisecond;
 		}
 
-		/// <summary>
-		/// Create a DateTime value from the number of milliseconds since the Unix epoch (1 Jan., 1970 UTC).
-		/// </summary>
-		/// <param name="unixMs">Number of milliseconds since the epoch.</param>
-		/// <returns>A UTC DateTime value</returns>
-		public static DateTime UnixMsToDateTime(
-			long unixMs)
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Create a UTC DateTime value from the number of milliseconds since the Unix epoch (1 Jan., 1970 UTC).
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="unixMs">Number of milliseconds since the epoch.</param>
+        /// <returns>A UTC DateTime value</returns>
+        /// <exception cref="ArgumentOutOfRangeException">'unixMs' is before 'MinUnixMs' or after 'MaxUnixMs'.
+        /// </exception>
+        public static DateTime UnixMsToDateTime(long unixMs)
 		{
-			return new DateTime(unixMs * TimeSpan.TicksPerMillisecond + UnixEpoch.Ticks, DateTimeKind.Utc);
+			if (unixMs < MinUnixMs || unixMs > MaxUnixMs)
+				throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(unixMs));
+
+            return new DateTime(unixMs * TimeSpan.TicksPerMillisecond + UnixEpoch.Ticks, DateTimeKind.Utc);
 		}
 
 		/// <summary>
diff --git a/crypto/src/util/io/BinaryReaders.cs b/crypto/src/util/io/BinaryReaders.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c5f99a712
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crypto/src/util/io/BinaryReaders.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+using System;
+using System.IO;
+
+namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Utilities.IO
+{
+    public static class BinaryReaders
+    {
+        public static byte[] ReadBytesFully(BinaryReader binaryReader, int count)
+        {
+            byte[] bytes = binaryReader.ReadBytes(count);
+            if (bytes == null || bytes.Length != count)
+                throw new EndOfStreamException();
+            return bytes;
+        }
+
+        public static short ReadInt16BigEndian(BinaryReader binaryReader)
+        {
+            short n = binaryReader.ReadInt16();
+            return BitConverter.IsLittleEndian ? Shorts.ReverseBytes(n) : n;
+        }
+
+        public static short ReadInt16LittleEndian(BinaryReader binaryReader)
+        {
+            short n = binaryReader.ReadInt16();
+            return BitConverter.IsLittleEndian ? n : Shorts.ReverseBytes(n);
+        }
+
+        public static int ReadInt32BigEndian(BinaryReader binaryReader)
+        {
+            int n = binaryReader.ReadInt32();
+            return BitConverter.IsLittleEndian ? Integers.ReverseBytes(n) : n;
+        }
+
+        public static int ReadInt32LittleEndian(BinaryReader binaryReader)
+        {
+            int n = binaryReader.ReadInt32();
+            return BitConverter.IsLittleEndian ? n : Integers.ReverseBytes(n);
+        }
+
+        public static long ReadInt64BigEndian(BinaryReader binaryReader)
+        {
+            long n = binaryReader.ReadInt64();
+            return BitConverter.IsLittleEndian ? Longs.ReverseBytes(n) : n;
+        }
+
+        public static long ReadInt64LittleEndian(BinaryReader binaryReader)
+        {
+            long n = binaryReader.ReadInt64();
+            return BitConverter.IsLittleEndian ? n : Longs.ReverseBytes(n);
+        }
+
+        [CLSCompliant(false)]
+        public static ushort ReadUInt16BigEndian(BinaryReader binaryReader)
+        {
+            ushort n = binaryReader.ReadUInt16();
+            return BitConverter.IsLittleEndian ? Shorts.ReverseBytes(n) : n;
+        }
+
+        [CLSCompliant(false)]
+        public static ushort ReadUInt16LittleEndian(BinaryReader binaryReader)
+        {
+            ushort n = binaryReader.ReadUInt16();
+            return BitConverter.IsLittleEndian ? n : Shorts.ReverseBytes(n);
+        }
+
+        [CLSCompliant(false)]
+        public static uint ReadUInt32BigEndian(BinaryReader binaryReader)
+        {
+            uint n = binaryReader.ReadUInt32();
+            return BitConverter.IsLittleEndian ? Integers.ReverseBytes(n) : n;
+        }
+
+        [CLSCompliant(false)]
+        public static uint ReadUInt32LittleEndian(BinaryReader binaryReader)
+        {
+            uint n = binaryReader.ReadUInt32();
+            return BitConverter.IsLittleEndian ? n : Integers.ReverseBytes(n);
+        }
+
+        [CLSCompliant(false)]
+        public static ulong ReadUInt64BigEndian(BinaryReader binaryReader)
+        {
+            ulong n = binaryReader.ReadUInt64();
+            return BitConverter.IsLittleEndian ? Longs.ReverseBytes(n) : n;
+        }
+
+        [CLSCompliant(false)]
+        public static ulong ReadUInt64LittleEndian(BinaryReader binaryReader)
+        {
+            ulong n = binaryReader.ReadUInt64();
+            return BitConverter.IsLittleEndian ? n : Longs.ReverseBytes(n);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crypto/src/util/io/BinaryWriters.cs b/crypto/src/util/io/BinaryWriters.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6650dcda5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crypto/src/util/io/BinaryWriters.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+using System;
+using System.IO;
+
+namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Utilities.IO
+{
+    public static class BinaryWriters
+    {
+        public static void WriteInt16BigEndian(BinaryWriter binaryWriter, short n)
+        {
+            short bigEndian = BitConverter.IsLittleEndian ? Shorts.ReverseBytes(n) : n;
+            binaryWriter.Write(bigEndian);
+        }
+
+        public static void WriteInt16LittleEndian(BinaryWriter binaryWriter, short n)
+        {
+            short littleEndian = BitConverter.IsLittleEndian ? n : Shorts.ReverseBytes(n);
+            binaryWriter.Write(littleEndian);
+        }
+
+        public static void WriteInt32BigEndian(BinaryWriter binaryWriter, int n)
+        {
+            int bigEndian = BitConverter.IsLittleEndian ? Integers.ReverseBytes(n) : n;
+            binaryWriter.Write(bigEndian);
+        }
+
+        public static void WriteInt32LittleEndian(BinaryWriter binaryWriter, int n)
+        {
+            int littleEndian = BitConverter.IsLittleEndian ? n : Integers.ReverseBytes(n);
+            binaryWriter.Write(littleEndian);
+        }
+
+        public static void WriteInt64BigEndian(BinaryWriter binaryWriter, long n)
+        {
+            long bigEndian = BitConverter.IsLittleEndian ? Longs.ReverseBytes(n) : n;
+            binaryWriter.Write(bigEndian);
+        }
+
+        public static void WriteInt64LittleEndian(BinaryWriter binaryWriter, long n)
+        {
+            long littleEndian = BitConverter.IsLittleEndian ? n : Longs.ReverseBytes(n);
+            binaryWriter.Write(littleEndian);
+        }
+
+        [CLSCompliant(false)]
+        public static void WriteUInt16BigEndian(BinaryWriter binaryWriter, ushort n)
+        {
+            ushort bigEndian = BitConverter.IsLittleEndian ? Shorts.ReverseBytes(n) : n;
+            binaryWriter.Write(bigEndian);
+        }
+
+        [CLSCompliant(false)]
+        public static void WriteUInt16LittleEndian(BinaryWriter binaryWriter, ushort n)
+        {
+            ushort littleEndian = BitConverter.IsLittleEndian ? n : Shorts.ReverseBytes(n);
+            binaryWriter.Write(littleEndian);
+        }
+
+        [CLSCompliant(false)]
+        public static void WriteUInt32BigEndian(BinaryWriter binaryWriter, uint n)
+        {
+            uint bigEndian = BitConverter.IsLittleEndian ? Integers.ReverseBytes(n) : n;
+            binaryWriter.Write(bigEndian);
+        }
+
+        [CLSCompliant(false)]
+        public static void WriteUInt32LittleEndian(BinaryWriter binaryWriter, uint n)
+        {
+            uint littleEndian = BitConverter.IsLittleEndian ? n : Integers.ReverseBytes(n);
+            binaryWriter.Write(littleEndian);
+        }
+
+        [CLSCompliant(false)]
+        public static void WriteUInt64BigEndian(BinaryWriter binaryWriter, ulong n)
+        {
+            ulong bigEndian = BitConverter.IsLittleEndian ? Longs.ReverseBytes(n) : n;
+            binaryWriter.Write(bigEndian);
+        }
+
+        [CLSCompliant(false)]
+        public static void WriteUInt64LittleEndian(BinaryWriter binaryWriter, ulong n)
+        {
+            ulong littleEndian = BitConverter.IsLittleEndian ? n : Longs.ReverseBytes(n);
+            binaryWriter.Write(littleEndian);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crypto/src/util/io/Streams.cs b/crypto/src/util/io/Streams.cs
index c23332909..da8f01068 100644
--- a/crypto/src/util/io/Streams.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/util/io/Streams.cs
@@ -3,14 +3,10 @@ using System.IO;
 
 namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Utilities.IO
 {
-	public sealed class Streams
+	public static class Streams
 	{
 		private const int BufferSize = 4096;
 
-		private Streams()
-		{
-		}
-
 		public static void Drain(Stream inStr)
 		{
 			inStr.CopyTo(Stream.Null, BufferSize);
@@ -64,7 +60,12 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Utilities.IO
 			return buf.ToArray();
 		}
 
-		public static byte[] ReadAllLimited(Stream inStr, int limit)
+        public static byte[] ReadAll(MemoryStream inStr)
+        {
+			return inStr.ToArray();
+        }
+
+        public static byte[] ReadAllLimited(Stream inStr, int limit)
 		{
 			MemoryStream buf = new MemoryStream();
 			PipeAllLimited(inStr, limit, buf);
diff --git a/crypto/src/util/io/compression/Bzip2.cs b/crypto/src/util/io/compression/Bzip2.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..72b006dc9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crypto/src/util/io/compression/Bzip2.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+using System.IO;
+
+namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Utilities.IO.Compression
+{
+    using Impl = Utilities.Bzip2;
+
+    internal static class Bzip2
+    {
+        internal static Stream CompressOutput(Stream stream, bool leaveOpen = false)
+        {
+            return leaveOpen
+                ?   new Impl.CBZip2OutputStreamLeaveOpen(stream)
+                :   new Impl.CBZip2OutputStream(stream);
+        }
+
+        internal static Stream DecompressInput(Stream stream)
+        {
+            return new Impl.CBZip2InputStream(stream);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crypto/src/util/io/compression/ZLib.cs b/crypto/src/util/io/compression/ZLib.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1254da012
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crypto/src/util/io/compression/ZLib.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+using System.IO;
+
+#if NET6_0_OR_GREATER
+using System.IO.Compression;
+#else
+using Org.BouncyCastle.Utilities.Zlib;
+#endif
+
+namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Utilities.IO.Compression
+{
+    internal static class ZLib
+    {
+        internal static Stream CompressOutput(Stream stream, int zlibCompressionLevel, bool leaveOpen = false)
+        {
+#if NET6_0_OR_GREATER
+            return new ZLibStream(stream, GetCompressionLevel(zlibCompressionLevel), leaveOpen);
+#else
+            return leaveOpen
+                ?   new ZOutputStreamLeaveOpen(stream, zlibCompressionLevel, false)
+                :   new ZOutputStream(stream, zlibCompressionLevel, false);
+#endif
+        }
+
+        internal static Stream DecompressInput(Stream stream)
+        {
+#if NET6_0_OR_GREATER
+            return new ZLibStream(stream, CompressionMode.Decompress, leaveOpen: false);
+#else
+            return new ZInputStream(stream);
+#endif
+        }
+
+#if NET6_0_OR_GREATER
+        internal static CompressionLevel GetCompressionLevel(int zlibCompressionLevel)
+        {
+            return zlibCompressionLevel switch
+            {
+                0           => CompressionLevel.NoCompression,
+                1 or 2 or 3 => CompressionLevel.Fastest,
+                7 or 8 or 9 => CompressionLevel.SmallestSize,
+                _           => CompressionLevel.Optimal,
+            };
+        }
+#endif
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crypto/src/util/io/compression/Zip.cs b/crypto/src/util/io/compression/Zip.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f2773d63b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crypto/src/util/io/compression/Zip.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+using System.IO;
+
+#if NET6_0_OR_GREATER
+using System.IO.Compression;
+#else
+using Org.BouncyCastle.Utilities.Zlib;
+#endif
+
+namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Utilities.IO.Compression
+{
+    internal static class Zip
+    {
+        internal static Stream CompressOutput(Stream stream, int zlibCompressionLevel, bool leaveOpen = false)
+        {
+#if NET6_0_OR_GREATER
+            return new DeflateStream(stream, ZLib.GetCompressionLevel(zlibCompressionLevel), leaveOpen);
+#else
+            return leaveOpen
+                ?   new ZOutputStreamLeaveOpen(stream, zlibCompressionLevel, true)
+                :   new ZOutputStream(stream, zlibCompressionLevel, true);
+#endif
+        }
+
+        internal static Stream DecompressInput(Stream stream)
+        {
+#if NET6_0_OR_GREATER
+            return new DeflateStream(stream, CompressionMode.Decompress, leaveOpen: false);
+#else
+            return new ZInputStream(stream, true);
+#endif
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crypto/src/util/zlib/ZOutputStream.cs b/crypto/src/util/zlib/ZOutputStream.cs
index 301516e57..51a5050dd 100644
--- a/crypto/src/util/zlib/ZOutputStream.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/util/zlib/ZOutputStream.cs
@@ -264,4 +264,38 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Utilities.Zlib
             Write(buf1, 0, 1);
         }
     }
+
+    public class ZOutputStreamLeaveOpen
+        : ZOutputStream
+    {
+        public ZOutputStreamLeaveOpen(Stream output)
+            : base(output)
+        {
+        }
+
+        public ZOutputStreamLeaveOpen(Stream output, bool nowrap)
+            : base(output, nowrap)
+        {
+        }
+
+        public ZOutputStreamLeaveOpen(Stream output, ZStream z)
+            : base(output, z)
+        {
+        }
+
+        public ZOutputStreamLeaveOpen(Stream output, int level)
+            : base(output, level)
+        {
+        }
+
+        public ZOutputStreamLeaveOpen(Stream output, int level, bool nowrap)
+            : base(output, level, nowrap)
+        {
+        }
+
+        protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
+        {
+            Detach(disposing);
+        }
+    }
 }