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-rw-r--r--crypto/src/crmf/CertificateRequestMessageBuilder.cs13
-rw-r--r--crypto/src/crmf/EncryptedValueBuilder.cs4
-rw-r--r--crypto/src/crypto/agreement/ECDHWithKdfBasicAgreement.cs4
-rw-r--r--crypto/src/crypto/agreement/ECMqvWithKdfBasicAgreement.cs4
-rw-r--r--crypto/src/crypto/digests/SkeinDigest.cs2
-rw-r--r--crypto/src/crypto/digests/SkeinEngine.cs24
-rw-r--r--crypto/src/crypto/engines/Dstu7624Engine.cs2
-rw-r--r--crypto/src/crypto/engines/Dstu7624WrapEngine.cs20
-rw-r--r--crypto/src/crypto/engines/GOST28147Engine.cs23
-rw-r--r--crypto/src/crypto/engines/NaccacheSternEngine.cs40
-rw-r--r--crypto/src/crypto/generators/NaccacheSternKeyPairGenerator.cs41
-rw-r--r--crypto/src/crypto/macs/GMac.cs3
-rw-r--r--crypto/src/crypto/macs/HMac.cs2
-rw-r--r--crypto/src/crypto/modes/OCBBlockCipher.cs10
-rw-r--r--crypto/src/crypto/modes/gcm/Tables1kGcmExponentiator.cs8
-rw-r--r--crypto/src/crypto/operators/Asn1CipherBuilder.cs4
-rw-r--r--crypto/src/crypto/operators/Asn1KeyWrapper.cs30
-rw-r--r--crypto/src/crypto/operators/Asn1Signature.cs189
-rw-r--r--crypto/src/crypto/operators/CmsContentEncryptorBuilder.cs18
-rw-r--r--crypto/src/crypto/parameters/ECKeyParameters.cs3
-rw-r--r--crypto/src/crypto/parameters/NaccacheSternPrivateKeyParameters.cs8
-rw-r--r--crypto/src/crypto/parameters/SkeinParameters.cs51
-rw-r--r--crypto/src/crypto/prng/drbg/DrbgUtilities.cs23
-rw-r--r--crypto/src/crypto/prng/drbg/HashSP800Drbg.cs21
-rw-r--r--crypto/src/crypto/signers/GOST3410DigestSigner.cs5
-rw-r--r--crypto/src/crypto/signers/Iso9796d2PssSigner.cs2
-rw-r--r--crypto/src/crypto/signers/Iso9796d2Signer.cs3
-rw-r--r--crypto/src/crypto/signers/IsoTrailers.cs18
-rw-r--r--crypto/src/crypto/signers/RsaDigestSigner.cs50
-rw-r--r--crypto/src/crypto/signers/X931Signer.cs1
-rw-r--r--crypto/src/crypto/util/BasicAlphabetMapper.cs40
-rw-r--r--crypto/src/math/BigInteger.cs14
-rw-r--r--crypto/src/math/ec/ECCurve.cs57
-rw-r--r--crypto/src/math/ec/ECPoint.cs5
-rw-r--r--crypto/src/openssl/MiscPemGenerator.cs8
-rw-r--r--crypto/src/util/Strings.cs67
-rw-r--r--crypto/test/src/crypto/test/NaccacheSternTest.cs4
37 files changed, 332 insertions, 489 deletions
diff --git a/crypto/src/crmf/CertificateRequestMessageBuilder.cs b/crypto/src/crmf/CertificateRequestMessageBuilder.cs
index 88d1d87bd..9a33fd964 100644
--- a/crypto/src/crmf/CertificateRequestMessageBuilder.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/crmf/CertificateRequestMessageBuilder.cs
@@ -1,13 +1,11 @@
 using System;
-using System.Collections;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
 
 using Org.BouncyCastle.Asn1;
 using Org.BouncyCastle.Asn1.Crmf;
 using Org.BouncyCastle.Asn1.X509;
 using Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto;
-using Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Operators;
 using Org.BouncyCastle.Math;
-using Org.BouncyCastle.Utilities;
 
 namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Crmf
 {
@@ -16,7 +14,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Crmf
         private readonly BigInteger _certReqId;
         private X509ExtensionsGenerator _extGenerator;
         private CertTemplateBuilder _templateBuilder;
-        private IList _controls = Platform.CreateArrayList();
+        private IList<IControl> m_controls = new List<IControl>();
         private ISignatureFactory _popSigner;
         private PKMacBuilder _pkMacBuilder;
         private char[] _password;
@@ -95,7 +93,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Crmf
 
         public CertificateRequestMessageBuilder AddControl(IControl control)
         {
-            _controls.Add(control);
+            m_controls.Add(control);
             return this;
         }
 
@@ -195,13 +193,12 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Crmf
 
             v.Add(_templateBuilder.Build());
 
-            if (_controls.Count > 0)
+            if (m_controls.Count > 0)
             {
                 Asn1EncodableVector controlV = new Asn1EncodableVector();
 
-                foreach (object item in _controls)
+                foreach (var control in m_controls)
                 {
-                    IControl control = (IControl)item;
                     controlV.Add(new AttributeTypeAndValue(control.Type, control.Value));
                 }
 
diff --git a/crypto/src/crmf/EncryptedValueBuilder.cs b/crypto/src/crmf/EncryptedValueBuilder.cs
index d95896959..0154be58c 100644
--- a/crypto/src/crmf/EncryptedValueBuilder.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/crmf/EncryptedValueBuilder.cs
@@ -1,15 +1,11 @@
 using System;
-using System.Collections;
 using System.IO;
-using System.Text;
 
 using Org.BouncyCastle.Asn1;
 using Org.BouncyCastle.Asn1.Crmf;
-using Org.BouncyCastle.Asn1.Nist;
 using Org.BouncyCastle.Asn1.Pkcs;
 using Org.BouncyCastle.Asn1.X509;
 using Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto;
-using Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Engines;
 using Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Parameters;
 using Org.BouncyCastle.Pkcs;
 using Org.BouncyCastle.Utilities;
diff --git a/crypto/src/crypto/agreement/ECDHWithKdfBasicAgreement.cs b/crypto/src/crypto/agreement/ECDHWithKdfBasicAgreement.cs
index 1de80d1e5..a73e3f438 100644
--- a/crypto/src/crypto/agreement/ECDHWithKdfBasicAgreement.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/crypto/agreement/ECDHWithKdfBasicAgreement.cs
@@ -1,12 +1,8 @@
 using System;
-using System.Collections;
 
 using Org.BouncyCastle.Asn1;
-using Org.BouncyCastle.Asn1.Nist;
-using Org.BouncyCastle.Asn1.Pkcs;
 using Org.BouncyCastle.Asn1.X9;
 using Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Agreement.Kdf;
-using Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Parameters;
 using Org.BouncyCastle.Math;
 using Org.BouncyCastle.Security;
 
diff --git a/crypto/src/crypto/agreement/ECMqvWithKdfBasicAgreement.cs b/crypto/src/crypto/agreement/ECMqvWithKdfBasicAgreement.cs
index 7d79fc468..248e04e27 100644
--- a/crypto/src/crypto/agreement/ECMqvWithKdfBasicAgreement.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/crypto/agreement/ECMqvWithKdfBasicAgreement.cs
@@ -1,12 +1,8 @@
 using System;
-using System.Collections;
 
 using Org.BouncyCastle.Asn1;
-using Org.BouncyCastle.Asn1.Nist;
-using Org.BouncyCastle.Asn1.Pkcs;
 using Org.BouncyCastle.Asn1.X9;
 using Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Agreement.Kdf;
-using Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Parameters;
 using Org.BouncyCastle.Math;
 using Org.BouncyCastle.Security;
 
diff --git a/crypto/src/crypto/digests/SkeinDigest.cs b/crypto/src/crypto/digests/SkeinDigest.cs
index 7fae9c630..394f0acd5 100644
--- a/crypto/src/crypto/digests/SkeinDigest.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/crypto/digests/SkeinDigest.cs
@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 using System;
-using System.Collections;
 
-using Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Engines;
 using Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Parameters;
 using Org.BouncyCastle.Utilities;
 
diff --git a/crypto/src/crypto/digests/SkeinEngine.cs b/crypto/src/crypto/digests/SkeinEngine.cs
index e93ec601c..2f38115d2 100644
--- a/crypto/src/crypto/digests/SkeinEngine.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/crypto/digests/SkeinEngine.cs
@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 using System;
-using System.Collections;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
 
 using Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Engines;
 using Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Parameters;
 using Org.BouncyCastle.Utilities;
+using Org.BouncyCastle.Utilities.Collections;
 
 namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Digests
 {
@@ -131,7 +132,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Digests
          * Precalculated UBI(CFG) states for common state/output combinations without key or other
          * pre-message params.
          */
-        private static readonly IDictionary INITIAL_STATES = Platform.CreateHashtable();
+        private static readonly IDictionary<int, ulong[]> InitialStates = new Dictionary<int, ulong[]>();
 
         static SkeinEngine()
         {
@@ -213,7 +214,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Digests
 
         private static void InitialState(int blockSize, int outputSize, ulong[] state)
         {
-            INITIAL_STATES.Add(VariantIdentifier(blockSize / 8, outputSize / 8), state);
+            InitialStates.Add(VariantIdentifier(blockSize / 8, outputSize / 8), state);
         }
 
         private static int VariantIdentifier(int blockSizeBytes, int outputSizeBytes)
@@ -617,16 +618,17 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Digests
             UbiInit(PARAM_TYPE_MESSAGE);
         }
 
-        private void InitParams(IDictionary parameters)
+        private void InitParams(IDictionary<int, byte[]> parameters)
         {
-            IEnumerator keys = parameters.Keys.GetEnumerator();
-            IList pre = Platform.CreateArrayList();
-            IList post = Platform.CreateArrayList();
+            //IEnumerator keys = parameters.Keys.GetEnumerator();
+            var pre = new List<Parameter>();
+            var post = new List<Parameter>();
 
-            while (keys.MoveNext())
+            //while (keys.MoveNext())
+            foreach (var parameter in parameters)
             {
-                int type = (int)keys.Current;
-                byte[] value = (byte[])parameters[type];
+                int type = parameter.Key;
+                byte[] value = parameter.Value;
 
                 if (type == PARAM_TYPE_KEY)
                 {
@@ -655,7 +657,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Digests
          */
         private void CreateInitialState()
         {
-            ulong[] precalc = (ulong[])INITIAL_STATES[VariantIdentifier(BlockSize, OutputSize)];
+            var precalc = CollectionUtilities.GetValueOrNull(InitialStates, VariantIdentifier(BlockSize, OutputSize));
             if ((key == null) && (precalc != null))
             {
                 // Precalculated UBI(CFG)
diff --git a/crypto/src/crypto/engines/Dstu7624Engine.cs b/crypto/src/crypto/engines/Dstu7624Engine.cs
index 4242d3a7a..844a873a8 100644
--- a/crypto/src/crypto/engines/Dstu7624Engine.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/crypto/engines/Dstu7624Engine.cs
@@ -1,9 +1,7 @@
 using System;
-using System.Collections;
 
 using Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Parameters;
 using Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Utilities;
-using Org.BouncyCastle.Utilities;
 
 namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Engines
 {
diff --git a/crypto/src/crypto/engines/Dstu7624WrapEngine.cs b/crypto/src/crypto/engines/Dstu7624WrapEngine.cs
index 9cb98245f..823390187 100644
--- a/crypto/src/crypto/engines/Dstu7624WrapEngine.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/crypto/engines/Dstu7624WrapEngine.cs
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 using System;
-using System.Collections;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
 
 using Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Parameters;
 using Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Utilities;
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Engines
             Array.Copy(buffer, 0, B, 0, blockSize / 2);
             //Console.WriteLine("B0: "+ Org.BouncyCastle.Utilities.Encoders.Hex.ToHexString(B));
 
-            IList bTemp = Platform.CreateArrayList();
+            var bTemp = new List<byte[]>();
             int bHalfBlocksLen = buffer.Length - blockSize / 2;
             int bufOff = blockSize / 2;
             while (bHalfBlocksLen != 0)
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Engines
             for (int j = 0; j < V; j++)
             {
                 Array.Copy(B, 0, buffer, 0, blockSize / 2);
-                Array.Copy((byte[])bTemp[0], 0, buffer, blockSize / 2, blockSize / 2);
+                Array.Copy(bTemp[0], 0, buffer, blockSize / 2, blockSize / 2);
 
                 engine.ProcessBlock(buffer, 0, buffer, 0);
 
@@ -97,10 +97,10 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Engines
 
                 for (int i = 2; i < n; i++)
                 {
-                    Array.Copy((byte[])bTemp[i - 1], 0, (byte[])bTemp[i - 2], 0, blockSize / 2);
+                    Array.Copy(bTemp[i - 1], 0, bTemp[i - 2], 0, blockSize / 2);
                 }
 
-                Array.Copy(buffer, 0, (byte[])bTemp[n - 2], 0, blockSize / 2);
+                Array.Copy(buffer, 0, bTemp[n - 2], 0, blockSize / 2);
 
                 //Console.WriteLine("B" + j.ToString() + ": " + Org.BouncyCastle.Utilities.Encoders.Hex.ToHexString(B));
                 //Console.WriteLine("b: " + Org.BouncyCastle.Utilities.Encoders.Hex.ToHexString(bTemp[0]));
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Engines
             Array.Copy(buffer, 0, B, 0, blockSize / 2);
             //Console.WriteLine("B18: " + Org.BouncyCastle.Utilities.Encoders.Hex.ToHexString(B));
 
-            IList bTemp = Platform.CreateArrayList();
+            var bTemp = new List<byte[]>();
 
             int bHalfBlocksLen = buffer.Length - blockSize / 2;
             int bufOff = blockSize / 2;
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Engines
 
             for (int j = 0; j < V; j++)
             {
-                Array.Copy((byte[])bTemp[n - 2], 0, buffer, 0, blockSize / 2);
+                Array.Copy(bTemp[n - 2], 0, buffer, 0, blockSize / 2);
                 Array.Copy(B, 0, buffer, blockSize / 2, blockSize / 2);
 
                 byte[] intArray = Pack.UInt32_To_LE((uint)(V - j));
@@ -179,10 +179,10 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Engines
 
                 for (int i = 2; i < n; i++)
                 {
-                    Array.Copy((byte[])bTemp[n - i - 1], 0, (byte[])bTemp[n - i], 0, blockSize / 2);
+                    Array.Copy(bTemp[n - i - 1], 0, bTemp[n - i], 0, blockSize / 2);
                 }
 
-                Array.Copy(buffer, blockSize / 2, (byte[])bTemp[0], 0, blockSize / 2);
+                Array.Copy(buffer, blockSize / 2, bTemp[0], 0, blockSize / 2);
 
                 //Console.WriteLine("B" + (V - j - 1).ToString() + ": " + Org.BouncyCastle.Utilities.Encoders.Hex.ToHexString(B));
                 //Console.WriteLine("b: " + Org.BouncyCastle.Utilities.Encoders.Hex.ToHexString(bTemp[0]));
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Engines
 
             for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++)
             {
-                Array.Copy((byte[])bTemp[i], 0, buffer, bufOff, blockSize / 2);
+                Array.Copy(bTemp[i], 0, buffer, bufOff, blockSize / 2);
                 bufOff += blockSize / 2;
             }
 
diff --git a/crypto/src/crypto/engines/GOST28147Engine.cs b/crypto/src/crypto/engines/GOST28147Engine.cs
index acf0be27b..8ef8aeb13 100644
--- a/crypto/src/crypto/engines/GOST28147Engine.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/crypto/engines/GOST28147Engine.cs
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 using System;
-using System.Collections;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
 
 using Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Parameters;
 using Org.BouncyCastle.Utilities;
@@ -117,7 +117,8 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Engines
 		//
 		// pre-defined sbox table
 		//
-		private static readonly IDictionary sBoxes = Platform.CreateHashtable();
+		private static readonly Dictionary<string, byte[]> m_sBoxes =
+			new Dictionary<string, byte[]>(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
 
 		static Gost28147Engine()
 		{
@@ -133,7 +134,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Engines
 
 		private static void AddSBox(string sBoxName, byte[] sBox)
 		{
-			sBoxes.Add(Platform.ToUpperInvariant(sBoxName), sBox);        
+			m_sBoxes.Add(sBoxName, sBox);        
 		}
 
 		/**
@@ -351,12 +352,9 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Engines
 		* @param sBoxName name of the S-Box
 		* @return byte array representing the S-Box
 		*/
-		public static byte[] GetSBox(
-			string sBoxName)
+		public static byte[] GetSBox(string sBoxName)
 		{
-			byte[] sBox = (byte[])sBoxes[Platform.ToUpperInvariant(sBoxName)];
-
-            if (sBox == null)
+			if (!m_sBoxes.TryGetValue(sBoxName, out var sBox))
 			{
 				throw new ArgumentException("Unknown S-Box - possible types: "
 					+ "\"Default\", \"E-Test\", \"E-A\", \"E-B\", \"E-C\", \"E-D\", \"D-Test\", \"D-A\".");
@@ -367,13 +365,10 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Engines
 
         public static string GetSBoxName(byte[] sBox)
         {
-            foreach (string name in sBoxes.Keys)
+			foreach (var entry in m_sBoxes)
             {
-                byte[] sb = (byte[])sBoxes[name];
-                if (Arrays.AreEqual(sb, sBox))
-                {
-                    return name;
-                }
+                if (Arrays.AreEqual(entry.Value, sBox))
+                    return entry.Key;
             }
 
             throw new ArgumentException("SBOX provided did not map to a known one");
diff --git a/crypto/src/crypto/engines/NaccacheSternEngine.cs b/crypto/src/crypto/engines/NaccacheSternEngine.cs
index 713ed9472..39fb7c9ec 100644
--- a/crypto/src/crypto/engines/NaccacheSternEngine.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/crypto/engines/NaccacheSternEngine.cs
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 using System;
-using System.Collections;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
 
 using Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Parameters;
 using Org.BouncyCastle.Math;
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Engines
 
 		private NaccacheSternKeyParameters key;
 
-		private IList[] lookup = null;
+		private IList<BigInteger>[] lookup = null;
 
 		public string AlgorithmName
 		{
@@ -48,22 +48,19 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Engines
 			if (!this.forEncryption)
 			{
 				NaccacheSternPrivateKeyParameters priv = (NaccacheSternPrivateKeyParameters)key;
-				IList primes = priv.SmallPrimesList;
-				lookup = new IList[primes.Count];
+				var primes = priv.SmallPrimesList;
+				lookup = new IList<BigInteger>[primes.Count];
 				for (int i = 0; i < primes.Count; i++)
 				{
-					BigInteger actualPrime = (BigInteger) primes[i];
+					BigInteger actualPrime = primes[i];
 					int actualPrimeValue = actualPrime.IntValue;
 
-					lookup[i] = Platform.CreateArrayList(actualPrimeValue);
+					lookup[i] = new List<BigInteger>(actualPrimeValue);
 					lookup[i].Add(BigInteger.One);
 
 					BigInteger accJ = BigInteger.Zero;
-
 					for (int j = 1; j < actualPrimeValue; j++)
 					{
-//						BigInteger bigJ = BigInteger.ValueOf(j);
-//						accJ = priv.PhiN.Multiply(bigJ);
 						accJ = accJ.Add(priv.PhiN);
 						BigInteger comp = accJ.Divide(actualPrime);
 						lookup[i].Add(priv.G.ModPow(comp, priv.Modulus));
@@ -147,31 +144,30 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Engines
 			}
 			else
 			{
-				IList plain = Platform.CreateArrayList();
+				var plain = new List<BigInteger>();
 				NaccacheSternPrivateKeyParameters priv = (NaccacheSternPrivateKeyParameters)key;
-				IList primes = priv.SmallPrimesList;
+				var primes = priv.SmallPrimesList;
 				// Get Chinese Remainders of CipherText
 				for (int i = 0; i < primes.Count; i++)
 				{
 					BigInteger exp = input.ModPow(priv.PhiN.Divide((BigInteger)primes[i]), priv.Modulus);
-					IList al = lookup[i];
-					if (lookup[i].Count != ((BigInteger)primes[i]).IntValue)
+					var al = lookup[i];
+					if (lookup[i].Count != primes[i].IntValue)
 					{
 						throw new InvalidCipherTextException("Error in lookup Array for "
-										+ ((BigInteger)primes[i]).IntValue
+										+ primes[i].IntValue
 										+ ": Size mismatch. Expected ArrayList with length "
-										+ ((BigInteger)primes[i]).IntValue + " but found ArrayList of length "
+										+ primes[i].IntValue + " but found ArrayList of length "
 										+ lookup[i].Count);
 					}
 					int lookedup = al.IndexOf(exp);
 
 					if (lookedup == -1)
-					{
 						throw new InvalidCipherTextException("Lookup failed");
-					}
+
 					plain.Add(BigInteger.ValueOf(lookedup));
 				}
-				BigInteger test = chineseRemainder(plain, primes);
+				BigInteger test = ChineseRemainder(plain, primes);
 
 				// Should not be used as an oracle, so reencrypt output to see
 				// if it corresponds to input
@@ -328,21 +324,21 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Engines
 		*            the primes p_i
 		* @return an integer x for that x % p_i == c_i
 		*/
-		private static BigInteger chineseRemainder(IList congruences, IList primes)
+		private static BigInteger ChineseRemainder(IList<BigInteger> congruences, IList<BigInteger> primes)
 		{
 			BigInteger retval = BigInteger.Zero;
 			BigInteger all = BigInteger.One;
 			for (int i = 0; i < primes.Count; i++)
 			{
-				all = all.Multiply((BigInteger)primes[i]);
+				all = all.Multiply(primes[i]);
 			}
 			for (int i = 0; i < primes.Count; i++)
 			{
-				BigInteger a = (BigInteger)primes[i];
+				BigInteger a = primes[i];
 				BigInteger b = all.Divide(a);
 				BigInteger b2 = b.ModInverse(a);
 				BigInteger tmp = b.Multiply(b2);
-				tmp = tmp.Multiply((BigInteger)congruences[i]);
+				tmp = tmp.Multiply(congruences[i]);
 				retval = retval.Add(tmp);
 			}
 
diff --git a/crypto/src/crypto/generators/NaccacheSternKeyPairGenerator.cs b/crypto/src/crypto/generators/NaccacheSternKeyPairGenerator.cs
index d68106844..7a047cd26 100644
--- a/crypto/src/crypto/generators/NaccacheSternKeyPairGenerator.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/crypto/generators/NaccacheSternKeyPairGenerator.cs
@@ -1,12 +1,9 @@
 using System;
-using System.Collections;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
 
-using Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto;
 using Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Parameters;
 using Org.BouncyCastle.Math;
 using Org.BouncyCastle.Security;
-using Org.BouncyCastle.Utilities;
-using Org.BouncyCastle.Utilities.Collections;
 
 namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Generators
 {
@@ -52,9 +49,9 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Generators
 			SecureRandom rand = param.Random;
 			int certainty = param.Certainty;
 
-			IList smallPrimes = findFirstPrimes(param.CountSmallPrimes);
+			var smallPrimes = FindFirstPrimes(param.CountSmallPrimes);
 
-			smallPrimes = permuteList(smallPrimes, rand);
+			smallPrimes = PermuteList(smallPrimes, rand);
 
 			BigInteger u = BigInteger.One;
 			BigInteger v = BigInteger.One;
@@ -77,8 +74,8 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Generators
 			// remainingStrength = strength - sigma.bitLength() - _p.bitLength() -
 			// _q.bitLength() - 1 -1
 			int remainingStrength = strength - sigma.BitLength - 48;
-			BigInteger a = generatePrime(remainingStrength / 2 + 1, certainty, rand);
-			BigInteger b = generatePrime(remainingStrength / 2 + 1, certainty, rand);
+			BigInteger a = GeneratePrime(remainingStrength / 2 + 1, certainty, rand);
+			BigInteger b = GeneratePrime(remainingStrength / 2 + 1, certainty, rand);
 
 			BigInteger _p;
 			BigInteger _q;
@@ -94,7 +91,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Generators
 			{
 				tries++;
 
-				_p = generatePrime(24, certainty, rand);
+				_p = GeneratePrime(24, certainty, rand);
 
 				p = _p.Multiply(_2au).Add(BigInteger.One);
 
@@ -103,7 +100,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Generators
 
 				for (;;)
 				{
-					_q = generatePrime(24, certainty, rand);
+					_q = GeneratePrime(24, certainty, rand);
 
 					if (_p.Equals(_q))
 						continue;
@@ -135,17 +132,17 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Generators
 			for (;;)
 			{
 				// TODO After the first loop, just regenerate one randomly-selected gPart each time?
-				IList gParts = Platform.CreateArrayList();
+				var gParts = new List<BigInteger>();
 				for (int ind = 0; ind != smallPrimes.Count; ind++)
 				{
-					BigInteger i = (BigInteger)smallPrimes[ind];
+					BigInteger i = smallPrimes[ind];
 					BigInteger e = phi_n.Divide(i);
 
 					for (;;)
 					{
 						tries++;
 
-						g = generatePrime(strength, certainty, rand);
+						g = GeneratePrime(strength, certainty, rand);
 
 						if (!g.ModPow(e, n).Equals(BigInteger.One))
 						{
@@ -209,10 +206,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Generators
 				new NaccacheSternPrivateKeyParameters(g, n, sigma.BitLength, smallPrimes, phi_n));
 		}
 
-		private static BigInteger generatePrime(
-			int bitLength,
-			int certainty,
-			SecureRandom rand)
+		private static BigInteger GeneratePrime(int bitLength, int certainty, SecureRandom rand)
 		{
 			return new BigInteger(bitLength, certainty, rand);
 		}
@@ -227,15 +221,13 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Generators
 		 *            the source of Randomness for permutation
 		 * @return a new IList with the permuted elements.
 		 */
-		private static IList permuteList(
-			IList           arr,
-			SecureRandom    rand)
+		private static IList<T> PermuteList<T>(IList<T> arr, SecureRandom rand)
 		{
             // TODO Create a utility method for generating permutation of first 'n' integers
 
-            IList retval = Platform.CreateArrayList(arr.Count);
+            var retval = new List<T>(arr.Count);
 
-			foreach (object element in arr)
+			foreach (var element in arr)
 			{
 				int index = rand.Next(retval.Count + 1);
 				retval.Insert(index, element);
@@ -251,10 +243,9 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Generators
 		 *            the number of primes to find
 		 * @return a vector containing the found primes as Integer
 		 */
-		private static IList findFirstPrimes(
-			int count)
+		private static IList<BigInteger> FindFirstPrimes(int count)
 		{
-			IList primes = Platform.CreateArrayList(count);
+			var primes = new List<BigInteger>(count);
 
 			for (int i = 0; i != count; i++)
 			{
diff --git a/crypto/src/crypto/macs/GMac.cs b/crypto/src/crypto/macs/GMac.cs
index f2c3990c6..0554c44f0 100644
--- a/crypto/src/crypto/macs/GMac.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/crypto/macs/GMac.cs
@@ -1,10 +1,7 @@
 using System;
-using System.Collections;
 
-using Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto;
 using Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Modes;
 using Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Parameters;
-using Org.BouncyCastle.Utilities;
 
 namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Macs
 {
diff --git a/crypto/src/crypto/macs/HMac.cs b/crypto/src/crypto/macs/HMac.cs
index 3d42aec0f..a717ce4f7 100644
--- a/crypto/src/crypto/macs/HMac.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/crypto/macs/HMac.cs
@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 using System;
-using System.Collections;
 
-using Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto;
 using Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Parameters;
 using Org.BouncyCastle.Utilities;
 
diff --git a/crypto/src/crypto/modes/OCBBlockCipher.cs b/crypto/src/crypto/modes/OCBBlockCipher.cs
index 91fdfff18..28e88a6c9 100644
--- a/crypto/src/crypto/modes/OCBBlockCipher.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/crypto/modes/OCBBlockCipher.cs
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 using System;
-using System.Collections;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
 
 using Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Parameters;
 using Org.BouncyCastle.Utilities;
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Modes
          * KEY-DEPENDENT
          */
         // NOTE: elements are lazily calculated
-        private IList L;
+        private IList<byte[]> L;
         private byte[] L_Asterisk, L_Dollar;
 
         /*
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Modes
 
             this.L_Dollar = OCB_double(L_Asterisk);
 
-            this.L = Platform.CreateArrayList();
+            this.L = new List<byte[]>();
             this.L.Add(OCB_double(L_Dollar));
 
             /*
@@ -420,9 +420,9 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Modes
         {
             while (n >= L.Count)
             {
-                L.Add(OCB_double((byte[]) L[L.Count - 1]));
+                L.Add(OCB_double(L[L.Count - 1]));
             }
-            return (byte[])L[n];
+            return L[n];
         }
 
         protected virtual void ProcessHashBlock()
diff --git a/crypto/src/crypto/modes/gcm/Tables1kGcmExponentiator.cs b/crypto/src/crypto/modes/gcm/Tables1kGcmExponentiator.cs
index 4a15712c2..15f8e058e 100644
--- a/crypto/src/crypto/modes/gcm/Tables1kGcmExponentiator.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/crypto/modes/gcm/Tables1kGcmExponentiator.cs
@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 using System;
-using System.Collections;
-
-using Org.BouncyCastle.Utilities;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
 
 namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Modes.Gcm
 {
@@ -10,7 +8,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Modes.Gcm
     {
         // A lookup table of the power-of-two powers of 'x'
         // - lookupPowX2[i] = x^(2^i)
-        private IList lookupPowX2;
+        private IList<GcmUtilities.FieldElement> lookupPowX2;
 
         public void Init(byte[] x)
         {
@@ -19,7 +17,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Modes.Gcm
             if (lookupPowX2 != null && y.Equals(lookupPowX2[0]))
                 return;
 
-            lookupPowX2 = Platform.CreateArrayList(8);
+            lookupPowX2 = new List<GcmUtilities.FieldElement>(8);
             lookupPowX2.Add(y);
         }
 
diff --git a/crypto/src/crypto/operators/Asn1CipherBuilder.cs b/crypto/src/crypto/operators/Asn1CipherBuilder.cs
index d5840746f..0561bee4f 100644
--- a/crypto/src/crypto/operators/Asn1CipherBuilder.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/crypto/operators/Asn1CipherBuilder.cs
@@ -1,17 +1,13 @@
 using System;
-using System.Collections;
 using System.IO;
 
 using Org.BouncyCastle.Asn1;
-using Org.BouncyCastle.Asn1.Nist;
-using Org.BouncyCastle.Asn1.Ntt;
 using Org.BouncyCastle.Asn1.X509;
 using Org.BouncyCastle.Cms;
 using Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.IO;
 using Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Parameters;
 using Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Utilities;
 using Org.BouncyCastle.Security;
-using Org.BouncyCastle.Utilities;
 
 namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Operators
 {
diff --git a/crypto/src/crypto/operators/Asn1KeyWrapper.cs b/crypto/src/crypto/operators/Asn1KeyWrapper.cs
index a34d93d54..9e7bffae7 100644
--- a/crypto/src/crypto/operators/Asn1KeyWrapper.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/crypto/operators/Asn1KeyWrapper.cs
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 using System;
-using System.Collections;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
 
 using Org.BouncyCastle.Asn1;
 using Org.BouncyCastle.Asn1.Nist;
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ using Org.BouncyCastle.Asn1.X509;
 using Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Encodings;
 using Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Engines;
 using Org.BouncyCastle.Security;
-using Org.BouncyCastle.Utilities;
 using Org.BouncyCastle.X509;
 
 namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Operators
@@ -155,26 +154,24 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Operators
         //
         // Provider 
         //
-        private static readonly IDictionary providerMap = Platform.CreateHashtable();
+        private static readonly Dictionary<string, WrapperProvider> m_providerMap =
+            new Dictionary<string, WrapperProvider>(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
 
         static KeyWrapperUtil()
-            
         {
-            providerMap.Add("RSA/ECB/PKCS1PADDING", new RsaOaepWrapperProvider(OiwObjectIdentifiers.IdSha1));
-            providerMap.Add("RSA/NONE/PKCS1PADDING", new RsaOaepWrapperProvider(OiwObjectIdentifiers.IdSha1));
-            providerMap.Add("RSA/NONE/OAEPWITHSHA1ANDMGF1PADDING", new RsaOaepWrapperProvider(OiwObjectIdentifiers.IdSha1));
-            providerMap.Add("RSA/NONE/OAEPWITHSHA224ANDMGF1PADDING", new RsaOaepWrapperProvider(NistObjectIdentifiers.IdSha224));
-            providerMap.Add("RSA/NONE/OAEPWITHSHA256ANDMGF1PADDING", new RsaOaepWrapperProvider(NistObjectIdentifiers.IdSha256));
-            providerMap.Add("RSA/NONE/OAEPWITHSHA384ANDMGF1PADDING", new RsaOaepWrapperProvider(NistObjectIdentifiers.IdSha384));
-            providerMap.Add("RSA/NONE/OAEPWITHSHA512ANDMGF1PADDING", new RsaOaepWrapperProvider(NistObjectIdentifiers.IdSha512));
-            providerMap.Add("RSA/NONE/OAEPWITHSHA256ANDMGF1WITHSHA1PADDING", new RsaOaepWrapperProvider(NistObjectIdentifiers.IdSha256, OiwObjectIdentifiers.IdSha1));
+            m_providerMap.Add("RSA/ECB/PKCS1PADDING", new RsaOaepWrapperProvider(OiwObjectIdentifiers.IdSha1));
+            m_providerMap.Add("RSA/NONE/PKCS1PADDING", new RsaOaepWrapperProvider(OiwObjectIdentifiers.IdSha1));
+            m_providerMap.Add("RSA/NONE/OAEPWITHSHA1ANDMGF1PADDING", new RsaOaepWrapperProvider(OiwObjectIdentifiers.IdSha1));
+            m_providerMap.Add("RSA/NONE/OAEPWITHSHA224ANDMGF1PADDING", new RsaOaepWrapperProvider(NistObjectIdentifiers.IdSha224));
+            m_providerMap.Add("RSA/NONE/OAEPWITHSHA256ANDMGF1PADDING", new RsaOaepWrapperProvider(NistObjectIdentifiers.IdSha256));
+            m_providerMap.Add("RSA/NONE/OAEPWITHSHA384ANDMGF1PADDING", new RsaOaepWrapperProvider(NistObjectIdentifiers.IdSha384));
+            m_providerMap.Add("RSA/NONE/OAEPWITHSHA512ANDMGF1PADDING", new RsaOaepWrapperProvider(NistObjectIdentifiers.IdSha512));
+            m_providerMap.Add("RSA/NONE/OAEPWITHSHA256ANDMGF1WITHSHA1PADDING", new RsaOaepWrapperProvider(NistObjectIdentifiers.IdSha256, OiwObjectIdentifiers.IdSha1));
         }
 
         public static IKeyWrapper WrapperForName(string algorithm, ICipherParameters parameters)
         {
-            WrapperProvider provider = (WrapperProvider)providerMap[Strings.ToUpperCase(algorithm)];
-
-            if (provider == null)
+            if (!m_providerMap.TryGetValue(algorithm, out var provider))
                 throw new ArgumentException("could not resolve " + algorithm + " to a KeyWrapper");
 
             return (IKeyWrapper)provider.CreateWrapper(true, parameters);
@@ -182,8 +179,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Operators
 
         public static IKeyUnwrapper UnwrapperForName(string algorithm, ICipherParameters parameters)
         {
-            WrapperProvider provider = (WrapperProvider)providerMap[Strings.ToUpperCase(algorithm)];
-            if (provider == null)
+            if (!m_providerMap.TryGetValue(algorithm, out var provider))
                 throw new ArgumentException("could not resolve " + algorithm + " to a KeyUnwrapper");
 
             return (IKeyUnwrapper)provider.CreateWrapper(false, parameters);
diff --git a/crypto/src/crypto/operators/Asn1Signature.cs b/crypto/src/crypto/operators/Asn1Signature.cs
index e079bf8ef..674e717b1 100644
--- a/crypto/src/crypto/operators/Asn1Signature.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/crypto/operators/Asn1Signature.cs
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 using System;
-using System.Collections;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 
 using Org.BouncyCastle.Asn1;
@@ -11,87 +10,88 @@ using Org.BouncyCastle.Asn1.TeleTrust;
 using Org.BouncyCastle.Asn1.X509;
 using Org.BouncyCastle.Asn1.X9;
 using Org.BouncyCastle.Security;
-using Org.BouncyCastle.Utilities;
 using Org.BouncyCastle.Utilities.Collections;
 
 namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Operators
 {
 	internal class X509Utilities
 	{
-        private static readonly IDictionary algorithms = Platform.CreateHashtable();
-		private static readonly IDictionary exParams = Platform.CreateHashtable();
-		private static readonly HashSet<DerObjectIdentifier> noParams = new HashSet<DerObjectIdentifier>();
+        private static readonly IDictionary<string, DerObjectIdentifier> m_algorithms =
+            new Dictionary<string, DerObjectIdentifier>(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+        private static readonly IDictionary<string, Asn1Encodable> m_exParams =
+            new Dictionary<string, Asn1Encodable>(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+        private static readonly HashSet<DerObjectIdentifier> noParams = new HashSet<DerObjectIdentifier>();
 
 		static X509Utilities()
 		{
-			algorithms.Add("MD2WITHRSAENCRYPTION", PkcsObjectIdentifiers.MD2WithRsaEncryption);
-			algorithms.Add("MD2WITHRSA", PkcsObjectIdentifiers.MD2WithRsaEncryption);
-			algorithms.Add("MD5WITHRSAENCRYPTION", PkcsObjectIdentifiers.MD5WithRsaEncryption);
-			algorithms.Add("MD5WITHRSA", PkcsObjectIdentifiers.MD5WithRsaEncryption);
-			algorithms.Add("SHA1WITHRSAENCRYPTION", PkcsObjectIdentifiers.Sha1WithRsaEncryption);
-            algorithms.Add("SHA-1WITHRSAENCRYPTION", PkcsObjectIdentifiers.Sha1WithRsaEncryption);
-            algorithms.Add("SHA1WITHRSA", PkcsObjectIdentifiers.Sha1WithRsaEncryption);
-            algorithms.Add("SHA-1WITHRSA", PkcsObjectIdentifiers.Sha1WithRsaEncryption);
-            algorithms.Add("SHA224WITHRSAENCRYPTION", PkcsObjectIdentifiers.Sha224WithRsaEncryption);
-            algorithms.Add("SHA-224WITHRSAENCRYPTION", PkcsObjectIdentifiers.Sha224WithRsaEncryption);
-            algorithms.Add("SHA224WITHRSA", PkcsObjectIdentifiers.Sha224WithRsaEncryption);
-            algorithms.Add("SHA-224WITHRSA", PkcsObjectIdentifiers.Sha224WithRsaEncryption);
-            algorithms.Add("SHA256WITHRSAENCRYPTION", PkcsObjectIdentifiers.Sha256WithRsaEncryption);
-            algorithms.Add("SHA-256WITHRSAENCRYPTION", PkcsObjectIdentifiers.Sha256WithRsaEncryption);
-            algorithms.Add("SHA256WITHRSA", PkcsObjectIdentifiers.Sha256WithRsaEncryption);
-            algorithms.Add("SHA-256WITHRSA", PkcsObjectIdentifiers.Sha256WithRsaEncryption);
-            algorithms.Add("SHA384WITHRSAENCRYPTION", PkcsObjectIdentifiers.Sha384WithRsaEncryption);
-            algorithms.Add("SHA-384WITHRSAENCRYPTION", PkcsObjectIdentifiers.Sha384WithRsaEncryption);
-            algorithms.Add("SHA384WITHRSA", PkcsObjectIdentifiers.Sha384WithRsaEncryption);
-            algorithms.Add("SHA-384WITHRSA", PkcsObjectIdentifiers.Sha384WithRsaEncryption);
-            algorithms.Add("SHA512WITHRSAENCRYPTION", PkcsObjectIdentifiers.Sha512WithRsaEncryption);
-            algorithms.Add("SHA-512WITHRSAENCRYPTION", PkcsObjectIdentifiers.Sha512WithRsaEncryption);
-            algorithms.Add("SHA512WITHRSA", PkcsObjectIdentifiers.Sha512WithRsaEncryption);
-            algorithms.Add("SHA-512WITHRSA", PkcsObjectIdentifiers.Sha512WithRsaEncryption);
-            algorithms.Add("SHA512(224)WITHRSAENCRYPTION", PkcsObjectIdentifiers.Sha512_224WithRSAEncryption);
-            algorithms.Add("SHA-512(224)WITHRSAENCRYPTION", PkcsObjectIdentifiers.Sha512_224WithRSAEncryption);
-            algorithms.Add("SHA512(224)WITHRSA", PkcsObjectIdentifiers.Sha512_224WithRSAEncryption);
-            algorithms.Add("SHA-512(224)WITHRSA", PkcsObjectIdentifiers.Sha512_224WithRSAEncryption);
-            algorithms.Add("SHA512(256)WITHRSAENCRYPTION", PkcsObjectIdentifiers.Sha512_256WithRSAEncryption);
-            algorithms.Add("SHA-512(256)WITHRSAENCRYPTION", PkcsObjectIdentifiers.Sha512_256WithRSAEncryption);
-            algorithms.Add("SHA512(256)WITHRSA", PkcsObjectIdentifiers.Sha512_256WithRSAEncryption);
-            algorithms.Add("SHA-512(256)WITHRSA", PkcsObjectIdentifiers.Sha512_256WithRSAEncryption);
-            algorithms.Add("SHA3-224WITHRSAENCRYPTION", NistObjectIdentifiers.IdRsassaPkcs1V15WithSha3_224);
-            algorithms.Add("SHA3-256WITHRSAENCRYPTION", NistObjectIdentifiers.IdRsassaPkcs1V15WithSha3_256);
-            algorithms.Add("SHA3-384WITHRSAENCRYPTION", NistObjectIdentifiers.IdRsassaPkcs1V15WithSha3_384);
-            algorithms.Add("SHA3-512WITHRSAENCRYPTION", NistObjectIdentifiers.IdRsassaPkcs1V15WithSha3_512);
-            algorithms.Add("SHA3-224WITHRSA", NistObjectIdentifiers.IdRsassaPkcs1V15WithSha3_224);
-            algorithms.Add("SHA3-256WITHRSA", NistObjectIdentifiers.IdRsassaPkcs1V15WithSha3_256);
-            algorithms.Add("SHA3-384WITHRSA", NistObjectIdentifiers.IdRsassaPkcs1V15WithSha3_384);
-            algorithms.Add("SHA3-512WITHRSA", NistObjectIdentifiers.IdRsassaPkcs1V15WithSha3_512);
-            algorithms.Add("SHA1WITHRSAANDMGF1", PkcsObjectIdentifiers.IdRsassaPss);
-			algorithms.Add("SHA224WITHRSAANDMGF1", PkcsObjectIdentifiers.IdRsassaPss);
-			algorithms.Add("SHA256WITHRSAANDMGF1", PkcsObjectIdentifiers.IdRsassaPss);
-			algorithms.Add("SHA384WITHRSAANDMGF1", PkcsObjectIdentifiers.IdRsassaPss);
-			algorithms.Add("SHA512WITHRSAANDMGF1", PkcsObjectIdentifiers.IdRsassaPss);
-			algorithms.Add("RIPEMD160WITHRSAENCRYPTION", TeleTrusTObjectIdentifiers.RsaSignatureWithRipeMD160);
-			algorithms.Add("RIPEMD160WITHRSA", TeleTrusTObjectIdentifiers.RsaSignatureWithRipeMD160);
-			algorithms.Add("RIPEMD128WITHRSAENCRYPTION", TeleTrusTObjectIdentifiers.RsaSignatureWithRipeMD128);
-			algorithms.Add("RIPEMD128WITHRSA", TeleTrusTObjectIdentifiers.RsaSignatureWithRipeMD128);
-			algorithms.Add("RIPEMD256WITHRSAENCRYPTION", TeleTrusTObjectIdentifiers.RsaSignatureWithRipeMD256);
-			algorithms.Add("RIPEMD256WITHRSA", TeleTrusTObjectIdentifiers.RsaSignatureWithRipeMD256);
-			algorithms.Add("SHA1WITHDSA", X9ObjectIdentifiers.IdDsaWithSha1);
-			algorithms.Add("DSAWITHSHA1", X9ObjectIdentifiers.IdDsaWithSha1);
-			algorithms.Add("SHA224WITHDSA", NistObjectIdentifiers.DsaWithSha224);
-			algorithms.Add("SHA256WITHDSA", NistObjectIdentifiers.DsaWithSha256);
-			algorithms.Add("SHA384WITHDSA", NistObjectIdentifiers.DsaWithSha384);
-			algorithms.Add("SHA512WITHDSA", NistObjectIdentifiers.DsaWithSha512);
-			algorithms.Add("SHA1WITHECDSA", X9ObjectIdentifiers.ECDsaWithSha1);
-			algorithms.Add("ECDSAWITHSHA1", X9ObjectIdentifiers.ECDsaWithSha1);
-			algorithms.Add("SHA224WITHECDSA", X9ObjectIdentifiers.ECDsaWithSha224);
-			algorithms.Add("SHA256WITHECDSA", X9ObjectIdentifiers.ECDsaWithSha256);
-			algorithms.Add("SHA384WITHECDSA", X9ObjectIdentifiers.ECDsaWithSha384);
-			algorithms.Add("SHA512WITHECDSA", X9ObjectIdentifiers.ECDsaWithSha512);
-			algorithms.Add("GOST3411WITHGOST3410", CryptoProObjectIdentifiers.GostR3411x94WithGostR3410x94);
-			algorithms.Add("GOST3411WITHGOST3410-94", CryptoProObjectIdentifiers.GostR3411x94WithGostR3410x94);
-			algorithms.Add("GOST3411WITHECGOST3410", CryptoProObjectIdentifiers.GostR3411x94WithGostR3410x2001);
-			algorithms.Add("GOST3411WITHECGOST3410-2001", CryptoProObjectIdentifiers.GostR3411x94WithGostR3410x2001);
-			algorithms.Add("GOST3411WITHGOST3410-2001", CryptoProObjectIdentifiers.GostR3411x94WithGostR3410x2001);
+		    m_algorithms.Add("MD2WITHRSAENCRYPTION", PkcsObjectIdentifiers.MD2WithRsaEncryption);
+			m_algorithms.Add("MD2WITHRSA", PkcsObjectIdentifiers.MD2WithRsaEncryption);
+			m_algorithms.Add("MD5WITHRSAENCRYPTION", PkcsObjectIdentifiers.MD5WithRsaEncryption);
+			m_algorithms.Add("MD5WITHRSA", PkcsObjectIdentifiers.MD5WithRsaEncryption);
+			m_algorithms.Add("SHA1WITHRSAENCRYPTION", PkcsObjectIdentifiers.Sha1WithRsaEncryption);
+            m_algorithms.Add("SHA-1WITHRSAENCRYPTION", PkcsObjectIdentifiers.Sha1WithRsaEncryption);
+            m_algorithms.Add("SHA1WITHRSA", PkcsObjectIdentifiers.Sha1WithRsaEncryption);
+            m_algorithms.Add("SHA-1WITHRSA", PkcsObjectIdentifiers.Sha1WithRsaEncryption);
+            m_algorithms.Add("SHA224WITHRSAENCRYPTION", PkcsObjectIdentifiers.Sha224WithRsaEncryption);
+            m_algorithms.Add("SHA-224WITHRSAENCRYPTION", PkcsObjectIdentifiers.Sha224WithRsaEncryption);
+            m_algorithms.Add("SHA224WITHRSA", PkcsObjectIdentifiers.Sha224WithRsaEncryption);
+            m_algorithms.Add("SHA-224WITHRSA", PkcsObjectIdentifiers.Sha224WithRsaEncryption);
+            m_algorithms.Add("SHA256WITHRSAENCRYPTION", PkcsObjectIdentifiers.Sha256WithRsaEncryption);
+            m_algorithms.Add("SHA-256WITHRSAENCRYPTION", PkcsObjectIdentifiers.Sha256WithRsaEncryption);
+            m_algorithms.Add("SHA256WITHRSA", PkcsObjectIdentifiers.Sha256WithRsaEncryption);
+            m_algorithms.Add("SHA-256WITHRSA", PkcsObjectIdentifiers.Sha256WithRsaEncryption);
+            m_algorithms.Add("SHA384WITHRSAENCRYPTION", PkcsObjectIdentifiers.Sha384WithRsaEncryption);
+            m_algorithms.Add("SHA-384WITHRSAENCRYPTION", PkcsObjectIdentifiers.Sha384WithRsaEncryption);
+            m_algorithms.Add("SHA384WITHRSA", PkcsObjectIdentifiers.Sha384WithRsaEncryption);
+            m_algorithms.Add("SHA-384WITHRSA", PkcsObjectIdentifiers.Sha384WithRsaEncryption);
+            m_algorithms.Add("SHA512WITHRSAENCRYPTION", PkcsObjectIdentifiers.Sha512WithRsaEncryption);
+            m_algorithms.Add("SHA-512WITHRSAENCRYPTION", PkcsObjectIdentifiers.Sha512WithRsaEncryption);
+            m_algorithms.Add("SHA512WITHRSA", PkcsObjectIdentifiers.Sha512WithRsaEncryption);
+            m_algorithms.Add("SHA-512WITHRSA", PkcsObjectIdentifiers.Sha512WithRsaEncryption);
+            m_algorithms.Add("SHA512(224)WITHRSAENCRYPTION", PkcsObjectIdentifiers.Sha512_224WithRSAEncryption);
+            m_algorithms.Add("SHA-512(224)WITHRSAENCRYPTION", PkcsObjectIdentifiers.Sha512_224WithRSAEncryption);
+            m_algorithms.Add("SHA512(224)WITHRSA", PkcsObjectIdentifiers.Sha512_224WithRSAEncryption);
+            m_algorithms.Add("SHA-512(224)WITHRSA", PkcsObjectIdentifiers.Sha512_224WithRSAEncryption);
+            m_algorithms.Add("SHA512(256)WITHRSAENCRYPTION", PkcsObjectIdentifiers.Sha512_256WithRSAEncryption);
+            m_algorithms.Add("SHA-512(256)WITHRSAENCRYPTION", PkcsObjectIdentifiers.Sha512_256WithRSAEncryption);
+            m_algorithms.Add("SHA512(256)WITHRSA", PkcsObjectIdentifiers.Sha512_256WithRSAEncryption);
+            m_algorithms.Add("SHA-512(256)WITHRSA", PkcsObjectIdentifiers.Sha512_256WithRSAEncryption);
+            m_algorithms.Add("SHA3-224WITHRSAENCRYPTION", NistObjectIdentifiers.IdRsassaPkcs1V15WithSha3_224);
+            m_algorithms.Add("SHA3-256WITHRSAENCRYPTION", NistObjectIdentifiers.IdRsassaPkcs1V15WithSha3_256);
+            m_algorithms.Add("SHA3-384WITHRSAENCRYPTION", NistObjectIdentifiers.IdRsassaPkcs1V15WithSha3_384);
+            m_algorithms.Add("SHA3-512WITHRSAENCRYPTION", NistObjectIdentifiers.IdRsassaPkcs1V15WithSha3_512);
+            m_algorithms.Add("SHA3-224WITHRSA", NistObjectIdentifiers.IdRsassaPkcs1V15WithSha3_224);
+            m_algorithms.Add("SHA3-256WITHRSA", NistObjectIdentifiers.IdRsassaPkcs1V15WithSha3_256);
+            m_algorithms.Add("SHA3-384WITHRSA", NistObjectIdentifiers.IdRsassaPkcs1V15WithSha3_384);
+            m_algorithms.Add("SHA3-512WITHRSA", NistObjectIdentifiers.IdRsassaPkcs1V15WithSha3_512);
+            m_algorithms.Add("SHA1WITHRSAANDMGF1", PkcsObjectIdentifiers.IdRsassaPss);
+			m_algorithms.Add("SHA224WITHRSAANDMGF1", PkcsObjectIdentifiers.IdRsassaPss);
+			m_algorithms.Add("SHA256WITHRSAANDMGF1", PkcsObjectIdentifiers.IdRsassaPss);
+			m_algorithms.Add("SHA384WITHRSAANDMGF1", PkcsObjectIdentifiers.IdRsassaPss);
+			m_algorithms.Add("SHA512WITHRSAANDMGF1", PkcsObjectIdentifiers.IdRsassaPss);
+			m_algorithms.Add("RIPEMD160WITHRSAENCRYPTION", TeleTrusTObjectIdentifiers.RsaSignatureWithRipeMD160);
+			m_algorithms.Add("RIPEMD160WITHRSA", TeleTrusTObjectIdentifiers.RsaSignatureWithRipeMD160);
+			m_algorithms.Add("RIPEMD128WITHRSAENCRYPTION", TeleTrusTObjectIdentifiers.RsaSignatureWithRipeMD128);
+			m_algorithms.Add("RIPEMD128WITHRSA", TeleTrusTObjectIdentifiers.RsaSignatureWithRipeMD128);
+			m_algorithms.Add("RIPEMD256WITHRSAENCRYPTION", TeleTrusTObjectIdentifiers.RsaSignatureWithRipeMD256);
+			m_algorithms.Add("RIPEMD256WITHRSA", TeleTrusTObjectIdentifiers.RsaSignatureWithRipeMD256);
+			m_algorithms.Add("SHA1WITHDSA", X9ObjectIdentifiers.IdDsaWithSha1);
+			m_algorithms.Add("DSAWITHSHA1", X9ObjectIdentifiers.IdDsaWithSha1);
+			m_algorithms.Add("SHA224WITHDSA", NistObjectIdentifiers.DsaWithSha224);
+			m_algorithms.Add("SHA256WITHDSA", NistObjectIdentifiers.DsaWithSha256);
+			m_algorithms.Add("SHA384WITHDSA", NistObjectIdentifiers.DsaWithSha384);
+			m_algorithms.Add("SHA512WITHDSA", NistObjectIdentifiers.DsaWithSha512);
+			m_algorithms.Add("SHA1WITHECDSA", X9ObjectIdentifiers.ECDsaWithSha1);
+			m_algorithms.Add("ECDSAWITHSHA1", X9ObjectIdentifiers.ECDsaWithSha1);
+			m_algorithms.Add("SHA224WITHECDSA", X9ObjectIdentifiers.ECDsaWithSha224);
+			m_algorithms.Add("SHA256WITHECDSA", X9ObjectIdentifiers.ECDsaWithSha256);
+			m_algorithms.Add("SHA384WITHECDSA", X9ObjectIdentifiers.ECDsaWithSha384);
+			m_algorithms.Add("SHA512WITHECDSA", X9ObjectIdentifiers.ECDsaWithSha512);
+			m_algorithms.Add("GOST3411WITHGOST3410", CryptoProObjectIdentifiers.GostR3411x94WithGostR3410x94);
+			m_algorithms.Add("GOST3411WITHGOST3410-94", CryptoProObjectIdentifiers.GostR3411x94WithGostR3410x94);
+			m_algorithms.Add("GOST3411WITHECGOST3410", CryptoProObjectIdentifiers.GostR3411x94WithGostR3410x2001);
+			m_algorithms.Add("GOST3411WITHECGOST3410-2001", CryptoProObjectIdentifiers.GostR3411x94WithGostR3410x2001);
+			m_algorithms.Add("GOST3411WITHGOST3410-2001", CryptoProObjectIdentifiers.GostR3411x94WithGostR3410x2001);
 
 			//
 			// According to RFC 3279, the ASN.1 encoding SHALL (id-dsa-with-sha1) or MUST (ecdsa-with-SHA*) omit the parameters field.
@@ -119,19 +119,19 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Operators
 			// explicit params
 			//
 			AlgorithmIdentifier sha1AlgId = new AlgorithmIdentifier(OiwObjectIdentifiers.IdSha1, DerNull.Instance);
-			exParams.Add("SHA1WITHRSAANDMGF1", CreatePssParams(sha1AlgId, 20));
+            m_exParams.Add("SHA1WITHRSAANDMGF1", CreatePssParams(sha1AlgId, 20));
 
 			AlgorithmIdentifier sha224AlgId = new AlgorithmIdentifier(NistObjectIdentifiers.IdSha224, DerNull.Instance);
-			exParams.Add("SHA224WITHRSAANDMGF1", CreatePssParams(sha224AlgId, 28));
+            m_exParams.Add("SHA224WITHRSAANDMGF1", CreatePssParams(sha224AlgId, 28));
 
 			AlgorithmIdentifier sha256AlgId = new AlgorithmIdentifier(NistObjectIdentifiers.IdSha256, DerNull.Instance);
-			exParams.Add("SHA256WITHRSAANDMGF1", CreatePssParams(sha256AlgId, 32));
+            m_exParams.Add("SHA256WITHRSAANDMGF1", CreatePssParams(sha256AlgId, 32));
 
 			AlgorithmIdentifier sha384AlgId = new AlgorithmIdentifier(NistObjectIdentifiers.IdSha384, DerNull.Instance);
-			exParams.Add("SHA384WITHRSAANDMGF1", CreatePssParams(sha384AlgId, 48));
+            m_exParams.Add("SHA384WITHRSAANDMGF1", CreatePssParams(sha384AlgId, 48));
 
 			AlgorithmIdentifier sha512AlgId = new AlgorithmIdentifier(NistObjectIdentifiers.IdSha512, DerNull.Instance);
-			exParams.Add("SHA512WITHRSAANDMGF1", CreatePssParams(sha512AlgId, 64));
+            m_exParams.Add("SHA512WITHRSAANDMGF1", CreatePssParams(sha512AlgId, 64));
 		}
 
         /**
@@ -229,41 +229,28 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Operators
 				new DerInteger(1));
 		}
 
-		internal static DerObjectIdentifier GetAlgorithmOid(
-			string algorithmName)
+		internal static DerObjectIdentifier GetAlgorithmOid(string algorithmName)
 		{
-			algorithmName = Platform.ToUpperInvariant(algorithmName);
-
-			if (algorithms.Contains(algorithmName))
-			{
-				return (DerObjectIdentifier) algorithms[algorithmName];
-			}
+            if (m_algorithms.TryGetValue(algorithmName, out var oid))
+                return oid;
 
 			return new DerObjectIdentifier(algorithmName);
 		}
 
-		internal static AlgorithmIdentifier GetSigAlgID(
-			DerObjectIdentifier sigOid,
-			string				algorithmName)
+		internal static AlgorithmIdentifier GetSigAlgID(DerObjectIdentifier sigOid, string algorithmName)
 		{
 			if (noParams.Contains(sigOid))
-			{
 				return new AlgorithmIdentifier(sigOid);
-			}
-
-			algorithmName = Platform.ToUpperInvariant(algorithmName);
 
-			if (exParams.Contains(algorithmName))
-			{
-				return new AlgorithmIdentifier(sigOid, (Asn1Encodable) exParams[algorithmName]);
-			}
+            if (m_exParams.TryGetValue(algorithmName, out var explicitParameters))
+                return new AlgorithmIdentifier(sigOid, explicitParameters);
 
 			return new AlgorithmIdentifier(sigOid, DerNull.Instance);
 		}
 
-		internal static IEnumerable GetAlgNames()
+		internal static IEnumerable<string> GetAlgNames()
 		{
-			return new EnumerableProxy(algorithms.Keys);
+			return CollectionUtilities.Proxy(m_algorithms.Keys);
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -329,7 +316,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Operators
         /// <summary>
         /// Allows enumeration of the signature names supported by the verifier provider.
         /// </summary>
-        public static IEnumerable SignatureAlgNames
+        public static IEnumerable<string> SignatureAlgNames
         {
             get { return X509Utilities.GetAlgNames(); }
         }
@@ -409,7 +396,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Operators
 		/// <summary>
 		/// Allows enumeration of the signature names supported by the verifier provider.
 		/// </summary>
-		public IEnumerable SignatureAlgNames
+		public IEnumerable<string> SignatureAlgNames
 		{
 			get { return X509Utilities.GetAlgNames(); }
 		}
diff --git a/crypto/src/crypto/operators/CmsContentEncryptorBuilder.cs b/crypto/src/crypto/operators/CmsContentEncryptorBuilder.cs
index 690e970cb..1dd9edf1c 100644
--- a/crypto/src/crypto/operators/CmsContentEncryptorBuilder.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/crypto/operators/CmsContentEncryptorBuilder.cs
@@ -1,16 +1,10 @@
 using System;
-using System.Collections;
-using System.IO;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
 
 using Org.BouncyCastle.Asn1;
 using Org.BouncyCastle.Asn1.Nist;
 using Org.BouncyCastle.Asn1.Ntt;
-using Org.BouncyCastle.Asn1.X509;
 using Org.BouncyCastle.Cms;
-using Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.IO;
-using Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Parameters;
-using Org.BouncyCastle.Security;
-using Org.BouncyCastle.Utilities;
 using Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto;
 using Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Operators;
 
@@ -18,7 +12,8 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Operators
 {
     public class CmsContentEncryptorBuilder
     {
-        private static readonly IDictionary KeySizes = Platform.CreateHashtable();
+        private static readonly IDictionary<DerObjectIdentifier, int> KeySizes =
+            new Dictionary<DerObjectIdentifier, int>();
 
         static CmsContentEncryptorBuilder()
         {
@@ -33,12 +28,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Operators
 
         private static int GetKeySize(DerObjectIdentifier oid)
         {
-            if (KeySizes.Contains(oid))
-            {
-                return (int)KeySizes[oid];
-            }
-
-            return -1;
+            return KeySizes.TryGetValue(oid, out var keySize) ? keySize : -1;
         }
 
         private readonly DerObjectIdentifier encryptionOID;
diff --git a/crypto/src/crypto/parameters/ECKeyParameters.cs b/crypto/src/crypto/parameters/ECKeyParameters.cs
index 49bd4fe31..07165ead1 100644
--- a/crypto/src/crypto/parameters/ECKeyParameters.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/crypto/parameters/ECKeyParameters.cs
@@ -1,13 +1,10 @@
 using System;
-using System.Collections;
 
 using Org.BouncyCastle.Asn1;
-using Org.BouncyCastle.Asn1.CryptoPro;
 using Org.BouncyCastle.Asn1.X9;
 using Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Generators;
 using Org.BouncyCastle.Security;
 using Org.BouncyCastle.Utilities;
-using Org.BouncyCastle.Utilities.Collections;
 
 namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Parameters
 {
diff --git a/crypto/src/crypto/parameters/NaccacheSternPrivateKeyParameters.cs b/crypto/src/crypto/parameters/NaccacheSternPrivateKeyParameters.cs
index 5b0917bd2..0444f3702 100644
--- a/crypto/src/crypto/parameters/NaccacheSternPrivateKeyParameters.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/crypto/parameters/NaccacheSternPrivateKeyParameters.cs
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 using System;
-using System.Collections;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
 
 using Org.BouncyCastle.Math;
 
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Parameters
 	public class NaccacheSternPrivateKeyParameters : NaccacheSternKeyParameters
 	{
 		private readonly BigInteger phiN;
-		private readonly IList smallPrimes;
+		private readonly IList<BigInteger> smallPrimes;
 
 		/**
 		 * Constructs a NaccacheSternPrivateKey
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Parameters
 			BigInteger	g,
 			BigInteger	n,
 			int			lowerSigmaBound,
-			IList       smallPrimes,
+			IList<BigInteger> smallPrimes,
 			BigInteger	phiN)
 			: base(true, g, n, lowerSigmaBound)
 		{
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Parameters
 			get { return phiN; }
 		}
 
-        public IList SmallPrimesList
+        public IList<BigInteger> SmallPrimesList
         {
             get { return smallPrimes; }
         }
diff --git a/crypto/src/crypto/parameters/SkeinParameters.cs b/crypto/src/crypto/parameters/SkeinParameters.cs
index cc57ef5ff..f32ce0532 100644
--- a/crypto/src/crypto/parameters/SkeinParameters.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/crypto/parameters/SkeinParameters.cs
@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 using System;
-using System.Collections;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Globalization;
 using System.IO;
 
 using Org.BouncyCastle.Utilities;
+using Org.BouncyCastle.Utilities.Collections;
 
 namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Parameters
 {
@@ -71,25 +72,24 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Parameters
 		/// </summary>
 		public const int PARAM_TYPE_OUTPUT = 63;
 
-		private IDictionary parameters;
+		private IDictionary<int, byte[]> m_parameters;
 
 		public SkeinParameters()
-			: this(Platform.CreateHashtable())
-
+			: this(new Dictionary<int, byte[]>())
 		{
 		}
 
-		private SkeinParameters(IDictionary parameters)
+		private SkeinParameters(IDictionary<int, byte[]> parameters)
 		{
-			this.parameters = parameters;
+			this.m_parameters = parameters;
 		}
 
 		/// <summary>
 		/// Obtains a map of type (int) to value (byte[]) for the parameters tracked in this object.
 		/// </summary>
-		public IDictionary GetParameters()
+		public IDictionary<int, byte[]> GetParameters()
 		{
-			return parameters;
+			return m_parameters;
 		}
 
 		/// <summary>
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Parameters
 		/// <returns>The key.</returns>
 		public byte[] GetKey()
 		{
-			return (byte[])parameters[PARAM_TYPE_KEY];
+			return CollectionUtilities.GetValueOrNull(m_parameters, PARAM_TYPE_KEY);
 		}
 
 		/// <summary>
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Parameters
 		/// </summary>
 		public byte[] GetPersonalisation()
 		{
-			return (byte[])parameters[PARAM_TYPE_PERSONALISATION];
+			return CollectionUtilities.GetValueOrNull(m_parameters, PARAM_TYPE_PERSONALISATION);
 		}
 
 		/// <summary>
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Parameters
 		/// </summary>
 		public byte[] GetPublicKey()
 		{
-			return (byte[])parameters[PARAM_TYPE_PUBLIC_KEY];
+			return CollectionUtilities.GetValueOrNull(m_parameters, PARAM_TYPE_PUBLIC_KEY);
 		}
 
 		/// <summary>
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Parameters
 		/// </summary>
 		public byte[] GetKeyIdentifier()
 		{
-			return (byte[])parameters[PARAM_TYPE_KEY_IDENTIFIER];
+			return CollectionUtilities.GetValueOrNull(m_parameters, PARAM_TYPE_KEY_IDENTIFIER);
 		}
 
 		/// <summary>
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Parameters
 		/// </summary>
 		public byte[] GetNonce()
 		{
-			return (byte[])parameters[PARAM_TYPE_NONCE];
+			return CollectionUtilities.GetValueOrNull(m_parameters, PARAM_TYPE_NONCE);
 		}
 
 		/// <summary>
@@ -143,30 +143,21 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Parameters
 		/// </summary>
 		public class Builder
 		{
-			private IDictionary parameters = Platform.CreateHashtable();
+			private Dictionary<int, byte[]> m_parameters;
 
 			public Builder()
 			{
+				m_parameters = new Dictionary<int, byte[]>();
 			}
 
-			public Builder(IDictionary paramsMap)
+			public Builder(IDictionary<int, byte[]> paramsMap)
 			{
-				IEnumerator keys = paramsMap.Keys.GetEnumerator();
-				while (keys.MoveNext())
-				{
-					int key = (int)keys.Current;
-					parameters.Add(key, paramsMap[key]);
-				}
+				m_parameters = new Dictionary<int, byte[]>(paramsMap);
 			}
 
 			public Builder(SkeinParameters parameters)
+				: this(parameters.m_parameters)
 			{
-				IEnumerator keys = parameters.parameters.Keys.GetEnumerator();
-				while (keys.MoveNext())
-				{
-					int key = (int)keys.Current;
-					this.parameters.Add(key, parameters.parameters[key]);
-				}
 			}
 
 			/// <summary>
@@ -198,7 +189,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Parameters
 					throw new ArgumentException("Parameter type " + PARAM_TYPE_CONFIG
 					                            + " is reserved for internal use.");
 				}
-				this.parameters.Add(type, value);
+				m_parameters.Add(type, value);
 				return this;
 			}
 
@@ -279,8 +270,8 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Parameters
 			/// </summary>
 			public SkeinParameters Build()
 			{
-				return new SkeinParameters(parameters);
+				return new SkeinParameters(m_parameters);
 			}
 		}
 	}
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
diff --git a/crypto/src/crypto/prng/drbg/DrbgUtilities.cs b/crypto/src/crypto/prng/drbg/DrbgUtilities.cs
index d9a1c439c..b1f2f29be 100644
--- a/crypto/src/crypto/prng/drbg/DrbgUtilities.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/crypto/prng/drbg/DrbgUtilities.cs
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 using System;
-using System.Collections;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
 
 using Org.BouncyCastle.Utilities;
 
@@ -7,31 +7,32 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Prng.Drbg
 {
 	internal class DrbgUtilities
 	{
-		private static readonly IDictionary maxSecurityStrengths = Platform.CreateHashtable();
+		private static readonly IDictionary<string, int> MaxSecurityStrengths =
+			new Dictionary<string, int>(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
 
         static DrbgUtilities()
 	    {
-	        maxSecurityStrengths.Add("SHA-1", 128);
+			MaxSecurityStrengths.Add("SHA-1", 128);
 
-	        maxSecurityStrengths.Add("SHA-224", 192);
-	        maxSecurityStrengths.Add("SHA-256", 256);
-	        maxSecurityStrengths.Add("SHA-384", 256);
-	        maxSecurityStrengths.Add("SHA-512", 256);
+			MaxSecurityStrengths.Add("SHA-224", 192);
+			MaxSecurityStrengths.Add("SHA-256", 256);
+			MaxSecurityStrengths.Add("SHA-384", 256);
+			MaxSecurityStrengths.Add("SHA-512", 256);
 
-	        maxSecurityStrengths.Add("SHA-512/224", 192);
-	        maxSecurityStrengths.Add("SHA-512/256", 256);
+			MaxSecurityStrengths.Add("SHA-512/224", 192);
+			MaxSecurityStrengths.Add("SHA-512/256", 256);
 	    }
 
         internal static int GetMaxSecurityStrength(IDigest d)
 	    {
-	        return (int)maxSecurityStrengths[d.AlgorithmName];
+	        return MaxSecurityStrengths[d.AlgorithmName];
 	    }
 
         internal static int GetMaxSecurityStrength(IMac m)
 	    {
 	        string name = m.AlgorithmName;
 
-            return (int)maxSecurityStrengths[name.Substring(0, name.IndexOf("/"))];
+            return MaxSecurityStrengths[name.Substring(0, name.IndexOf("/"))];
 	    }
 
 	    /**
diff --git a/crypto/src/crypto/prng/drbg/HashSP800Drbg.cs b/crypto/src/crypto/prng/drbg/HashSP800Drbg.cs
index 493da5a75..506517aae 100644
--- a/crypto/src/crypto/prng/drbg/HashSP800Drbg.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/crypto/prng/drbg/HashSP800Drbg.cs
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 using System;
-using System.Collections;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
 
 using Org.BouncyCastle.Utilities;
 
@@ -16,17 +16,18 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Prng.Drbg
 		private readonly static long RESEED_MAX = 1L << (48 - 1);
 		private readonly static int MAX_BITS_REQUEST = 1 << (19 - 1);
 
-		private static readonly IDictionary seedlens = Platform.CreateHashtable();
+		private static readonly IDictionary<string, int> SeedLens =
+			new Dictionary<string, int>(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
 
 		static HashSP800Drbg()
 	    {
-            seedlens.Add("SHA-1", 440);
-            seedlens.Add("SHA-224", 440);
-            seedlens.Add("SHA-256", 440);
-            seedlens.Add("SHA-512/256", 440);
-            seedlens.Add("SHA-512/224", 440);
-            seedlens.Add("SHA-384", 888);
-            seedlens.Add("SHA-512", 888);
+			SeedLens.Add("SHA-1", 440);
+			SeedLens.Add("SHA-224", 440);
+			SeedLens.Add("SHA-256", 440);
+			SeedLens.Add("SHA-512/256", 440);
+			SeedLens.Add("SHA-512/224", 440);
+			SeedLens.Add("SHA-384", 888);
+			SeedLens.Add("SHA-512", 888);
 	    }
 
         private readonly IDigest        mDigest;
@@ -59,7 +60,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Prng.Drbg
             mDigest = digest;
 	        mEntropySource = entropySource;
 	        mSecurityStrength = securityStrength;
-            mSeedLength = (int)seedlens[digest.AlgorithmName];
+            mSeedLength = SeedLens[digest.AlgorithmName];
 
             // 1. seed_material = entropy_input || nonce || personalization_string.
 	        // 2. seed = Hash_df (seed_material, seedlen).
diff --git a/crypto/src/crypto/signers/GOST3410DigestSigner.cs b/crypto/src/crypto/signers/GOST3410DigestSigner.cs
index bff35869b..81a5ff1cc 100644
--- a/crypto/src/crypto/signers/GOST3410DigestSigner.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/crypto/signers/GOST3410DigestSigner.cs
@@ -1,10 +1,5 @@
 using System;
-using System.Collections;
-using System.IO;
-using System.Text;
 
-using Org.BouncyCastle.Asn1;
-using Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Signers;
 using Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Parameters;
 using Org.BouncyCastle.Math;
 using Org.BouncyCastle.Security;
diff --git a/crypto/src/crypto/signers/Iso9796d2PssSigner.cs b/crypto/src/crypto/signers/Iso9796d2PssSigner.cs
index 9a2ec4fa9..ad2718280 100644
--- a/crypto/src/crypto/signers/Iso9796d2PssSigner.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/crypto/signers/Iso9796d2PssSigner.cs
@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 using System;
-using System.Collections;
 
-using Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Digests;
 using Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Parameters;
 using Org.BouncyCastle.Security;
 using Org.BouncyCastle.Utilities;
diff --git a/crypto/src/crypto/signers/Iso9796d2Signer.cs b/crypto/src/crypto/signers/Iso9796d2Signer.cs
index fc3c275c5..f28c4ac71 100644
--- a/crypto/src/crypto/signers/Iso9796d2Signer.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/crypto/signers/Iso9796d2Signer.cs
@@ -1,8 +1,5 @@
 using System;
-using System.Collections;
 
-using Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto;
-using Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Digests;
 using Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Parameters;
 using Org.BouncyCastle.Utilities;
 
diff --git a/crypto/src/crypto/signers/IsoTrailers.cs b/crypto/src/crypto/signers/IsoTrailers.cs
index 497ffaf78..61006b848 100644
--- a/crypto/src/crypto/signers/IsoTrailers.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/crypto/signers/IsoTrailers.cs
@@ -1,9 +1,5 @@
 using System;
-using System.Collections;
-
-using Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Digests;
-using Org.BouncyCastle.Utilities;
-using Org.BouncyCastle.Utilities.Collections;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
 
 namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Signers
 {
@@ -21,9 +17,9 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Signers
         public const int TRAILER_SHA512_224  = 0x39CC;
         public const int TRAILER_SHA512_256  = 0x40CC;
 
-        private static IDictionary CreateTrailerMap()
+        private static IDictionary<string, int> CreateTrailerMap()
         {
-            IDictionary trailers = Platform.CreateHashtable();
+            var trailers = new Dictionary<string, int>(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
 
             trailers.Add("RIPEMD128", TRAILER_RIPEMD128);
             trailers.Add("RIPEMD160", TRAILER_RIPEMD160);
@@ -38,20 +34,20 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Signers
 
             trailers.Add("Whirlpool", TRAILER_WHIRLPOOL);
 
-            return CollectionUtilities.ReadOnly(trailers);
+            return trailers;
         }
 
         // IDictionary is (string -> Int32)
-        private static readonly IDictionary trailerMap = CreateTrailerMap();
+        private static readonly IDictionary<string, int> TrailerMap = CreateTrailerMap();
 
         public static int GetTrailer(IDigest digest)
         {
-            return (int)trailerMap[digest.AlgorithmName];
+            return TrailerMap[digest.AlgorithmName];
         }
 
         public static bool NoTrailerAvailable(IDigest digest)
         {
-            return !trailerMap.Contains(digest.AlgorithmName);
+            return !TrailerMap.ContainsKey(digest.AlgorithmName);
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/crypto/src/crypto/signers/RsaDigestSigner.cs b/crypto/src/crypto/signers/RsaDigestSigner.cs
index ce6bcb2d6..25bd4af4e 100644
--- a/crypto/src/crypto/signers/RsaDigestSigner.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/crypto/signers/RsaDigestSigner.cs
@@ -1,20 +1,17 @@
 using System;
-using System.Collections;
-using System.IO;
-using System.Text;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
 
 using Org.BouncyCastle.Asn1;
 using Org.BouncyCastle.Asn1.Nist;
 using Org.BouncyCastle.Asn1.Pkcs;
 using Org.BouncyCastle.Asn1.TeleTrust;
-using Org.BouncyCastle.Asn1.Utilities;
 using Org.BouncyCastle.Asn1.X509;
 using Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Parameters;
 using Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Encodings;
 using Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Engines;
-using Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Signers;
 using Org.BouncyCastle.Security;
 using Org.BouncyCastle.Utilities;
+using Org.BouncyCastle.Utilities.Collections;
 
 namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Signers
 {
@@ -26,36 +23,37 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Signers
         private readonly IDigest digest;
         private bool forSigning;
 
-        private static readonly IDictionary oidMap = Platform.CreateHashtable();
+        private static readonly IDictionary<string, DerObjectIdentifier> OidMap =
+            new Dictionary<string, DerObjectIdentifier>(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Load oid table.
         /// </summary>
         static RsaDigestSigner()
         {
-            oidMap["RIPEMD128"] = TeleTrusTObjectIdentifiers.RipeMD128;
-            oidMap["RIPEMD160"] = TeleTrusTObjectIdentifiers.RipeMD160;
-            oidMap["RIPEMD256"] = TeleTrusTObjectIdentifiers.RipeMD256;
-
-            oidMap["SHA-1"] = X509ObjectIdentifiers.IdSha1;
-            oidMap["SHA-224"] = NistObjectIdentifiers.IdSha224;
-            oidMap["SHA-256"] = NistObjectIdentifiers.IdSha256;
-            oidMap["SHA-384"] = NistObjectIdentifiers.IdSha384;
-            oidMap["SHA-512"] = NistObjectIdentifiers.IdSha512;
-            oidMap["SHA-512/224"] = NistObjectIdentifiers.IdSha512_224;
-            oidMap["SHA-512/256"] = NistObjectIdentifiers.IdSha512_256;
-            oidMap["SHA3-224"] = NistObjectIdentifiers.IdSha3_224;
-            oidMap["SHA3-256"] = NistObjectIdentifiers.IdSha3_256;
-            oidMap["SHA3-384"] = NistObjectIdentifiers.IdSha3_384;
-            oidMap["SHA3-512"] = NistObjectIdentifiers.IdSha3_512;
-
-            oidMap["MD2"] = PkcsObjectIdentifiers.MD2;
-            oidMap["MD4"] = PkcsObjectIdentifiers.MD4;
-            oidMap["MD5"] = PkcsObjectIdentifiers.MD5;
+            OidMap["RIPEMD128"] = TeleTrusTObjectIdentifiers.RipeMD128;
+            OidMap["RIPEMD160"] = TeleTrusTObjectIdentifiers.RipeMD160;
+            OidMap["RIPEMD256"] = TeleTrusTObjectIdentifiers.RipeMD256;
+
+            OidMap["SHA-1"] = X509ObjectIdentifiers.IdSha1;
+            OidMap["SHA-224"] = NistObjectIdentifiers.IdSha224;
+            OidMap["SHA-256"] = NistObjectIdentifiers.IdSha256;
+            OidMap["SHA-384"] = NistObjectIdentifiers.IdSha384;
+            OidMap["SHA-512"] = NistObjectIdentifiers.IdSha512;
+            OidMap["SHA-512/224"] = NistObjectIdentifiers.IdSha512_224;
+            OidMap["SHA-512/256"] = NistObjectIdentifiers.IdSha512_256;
+            OidMap["SHA3-224"] = NistObjectIdentifiers.IdSha3_224;
+            OidMap["SHA3-256"] = NistObjectIdentifiers.IdSha3_256;
+            OidMap["SHA3-384"] = NistObjectIdentifiers.IdSha3_384;
+            OidMap["SHA3-512"] = NistObjectIdentifiers.IdSha3_512;
+
+            OidMap["MD2"] = PkcsObjectIdentifiers.MD2;
+            OidMap["MD4"] = PkcsObjectIdentifiers.MD4;
+            OidMap["MD5"] = PkcsObjectIdentifiers.MD5;
         }
 
         public RsaDigestSigner(IDigest digest)
-            :   this(digest, (DerObjectIdentifier)oidMap[digest.AlgorithmName])
+            :   this(digest, CollectionUtilities.GetValueOrNull(OidMap, digest.AlgorithmName))
         {
         }
 
diff --git a/crypto/src/crypto/signers/X931Signer.cs b/crypto/src/crypto/signers/X931Signer.cs
index 411d3b9e8..0907403a8 100644
--- a/crypto/src/crypto/signers/X931Signer.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/crypto/signers/X931Signer.cs
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 using System;
-using System.Collections;
 
 using Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Parameters;
 using Org.BouncyCastle.Math;
diff --git a/crypto/src/crypto/util/BasicAlphabetMapper.cs b/crypto/src/crypto/util/BasicAlphabetMapper.cs
index b60733fc0..79e93fa5c 100644
--- a/crypto/src/crypto/util/BasicAlphabetMapper.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/crypto/util/BasicAlphabetMapper.cs
@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 using System;
-using System.Collections;
-
-using Org.BouncyCastle.Utilities;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
 
 namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Utilities
 {
@@ -12,8 +10,8 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Utilities
     public class BasicAlphabetMapper
        : IAlphabetMapper
     {
-        private readonly IDictionary indexMap = Platform.CreateHashtable();
-        private readonly IDictionary charMap = Platform.CreateHashtable();
+        private readonly IDictionary<char, int> m_indexMap = new Dictionary<char, int>();
+        private readonly IList<char> m_charMap = new List<char>();
 
         /**
          * Base constructor.
@@ -34,30 +32,32 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Utilities
         {
             for (int i = 0; i != alphabet.Length; i++)
             {
-                if (indexMap.Contains(alphabet[i]))
-                {
+                if (m_indexMap.ContainsKey(alphabet[i]))
                     throw new ArgumentException("duplicate key detected in alphabet: " + alphabet[i]);
-                }
-                indexMap.Add(alphabet[i], i);
-                charMap.Add(i, alphabet[i]);
+
+                m_indexMap.Add(alphabet[i], i);
+                m_charMap.Add(alphabet[i]);
             }
         }
 
         public int Radix
         {
-            get { return indexMap.Count; }
+            get { return m_charMap.Count; }
         }
 
         public byte[] ConvertToIndexes(char[] input)
         {
             byte[] outBuf;
 
-            if (indexMap.Count <= 256)
+            if (m_charMap.Count <= 256)
             {
                 outBuf = new byte[input.Length];
                 for (int i = 0; i != input.Length; i++)
                 {
-                    outBuf[i] = (byte)(int)indexMap[input[i]];
+                    if (!m_indexMap.TryGetValue(input[i], out var idx))
+                        throw new InvalidOperationException();
+
+                    outBuf[i] = (byte)idx;
                 }
             }
             else
@@ -65,9 +65,11 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Utilities
                 outBuf = new byte[input.Length * 2];
                 for (int i = 0; i != input.Length; i++)
                 {
-                    int idx = (int)indexMap[input[i]];
-                    outBuf[i * 2] = (byte)((idx >> 8) & 0xff);
-                    outBuf[i * 2 + 1] = (byte)(idx & 0xff);
+                    if (!m_indexMap.TryGetValue(input[i], out var idx))
+                        throw new InvalidOperationException();
+
+                    outBuf[i * 2 + 0] = (byte)(idx >> 8);
+                    outBuf[i * 2 + 1] = (byte)idx;
                 }
             }
 
@@ -78,12 +80,12 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Utilities
         {
             char[] outBuf;
 
-            if (charMap.Count <= 256)
+            if (m_charMap.Count <= 256)
             {
                 outBuf = new char[input.Length];
                 for (int i = 0; i != input.Length; i++)
                 {
-                    outBuf[i] = (char)charMap[input[i] & 0xff];
+                    outBuf[i] = m_charMap[input[i]];
                 }
             }
             else
@@ -96,7 +98,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Utilities
                 outBuf = new char[input.Length / 2];
                 for (int i = 0; i != input.Length; i += 2)
                 {
-                    outBuf[i / 2] = (char)charMap[((input[i] << 8) & 0xff00) | (input[i + 1] & 0xff)];
+                    outBuf[i / 2] = m_charMap[(input[i] << 8) | input[i + 1]];
                 }
             }
 
diff --git a/crypto/src/math/BigInteger.cs b/crypto/src/math/BigInteger.cs
index c6e760db9..98d1fcb1d 100644
--- a/crypto/src/math/BigInteger.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/math/BigInteger.cs
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 using System;
-using System.Collections;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Diagnostics;
 using System.Globalization;
 using System.Text;
@@ -3258,7 +3258,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Math
                 int mask = (1 << 30) - 1;
                 BigInteger u = this.Abs();
                 int bits = u.BitLength;
-                IList S = Platform.CreateArrayList();
+                var S = new List<string>();
                 while (bits > 30)
                 {
                     S.Add(Convert.ToString(u.IntValue & mask, 8));
@@ -3268,7 +3268,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Math
                 sb.Append(Convert.ToString(u.IntValue, 8));
                 for (int i = S.Count - 1; i >= 0; --i)
                 {
-                    AppendZeroExtendedString(sb, (string)S[i], 10);
+                    AppendZeroExtendedString(sb, S[i], 10);
                 }
                 break;
             }
@@ -3294,8 +3294,8 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Math
                 }
 
                 // TODO Could cache the moduli for each radix (soft reference?)
-                IList moduli = Platform.CreateArrayList();
-                BigInteger R = BigInteger.ValueOf(radix);
+                var moduli = new List<BigInteger>();
+                BigInteger R = ValueOf(radix);
                 while (R.CompareTo(q) <= 0)
                 {
                     moduli.Add(R);
@@ -3314,7 +3314,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Math
             return sb.ToString();
         }
 
-        private static void ToString(StringBuilder sb, int radix, IList moduli, int scale, BigInteger pos)
+        private static void ToString(StringBuilder sb, int radix, IList<BigInteger> moduli, int scale, BigInteger pos)
         {
             if (pos.BitLength < 64)
             {
@@ -3330,7 +3330,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Math
                 return;
             }
 
-            BigInteger[] qr = pos.DivideAndRemainder((BigInteger)moduli[--scale]);
+            BigInteger[] qr = pos.DivideAndRemainder(moduli[--scale]);
 
             ToString(sb, radix, moduli, scale, qr[0]);
             ToString(sb, radix, moduli, scale, qr[1]);
diff --git a/crypto/src/math/ec/ECCurve.cs b/crypto/src/math/ec/ECCurve.cs
index 838e407e3..8b078c2a8 100644
--- a/crypto/src/math/ec/ECCurve.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/math/ec/ECCurve.cs
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 using System;
-using System.Collections;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
 
 using Org.BouncyCastle.Math.EC.Abc;
 using Org.BouncyCastle.Math.EC.Endo;
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Math.EC
         {
             CheckPoint(point);
 
-            IDictionary table;
+            IDictionary<string, PreCompInfo> table;
             lock (point)
             {
                 table = point.m_preCompTable;
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Math.EC
 
             lock (table)
             {
-                return (PreCompInfo)table[name];
+                return table.TryGetValue(name, out var preCompInfo) ? preCompInfo : null;
             }
         }
 
@@ -179,19 +179,19 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Math.EC
         {
             CheckPoint(point);
 
-            IDictionary table;
+            IDictionary<string, PreCompInfo> table;
             lock (point)
             {
                 table = point.m_preCompTable;
                 if (null == table)
                 {
-                    point.m_preCompTable = table = Platform.CreateHashtable(4);
+                    point.m_preCompTable = table = new Dictionary<string, PreCompInfo>();
                 }
             }
 
             lock (table)
             {
-                PreCompInfo existing = (PreCompInfo)table[name];
+                PreCompInfo existing = table.TryGetValue(name, out var preCompInfo) ? preCompInfo : null;
                 PreCompInfo result = callback.Precompute(existing);
 
                 if (result != existing)
@@ -659,7 +659,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Math.EC
     {
         private const int FP_DEFAULT_COORDS = COORD_JACOBIAN_MODIFIED;
 
-        private static readonly IDictionary knownQs = Platform.CreateHashtable();
+        private static readonly HashSet<BigInteger> KnownQs = new HashSet<BigInteger>();
         private static readonly SecureRandom random = new SecureRandom();
 
         protected readonly BigInteger m_q, m_r;
@@ -679,38 +679,31 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Math.EC
         internal FpCurve(BigInteger q, BigInteger a, BigInteger b, BigInteger order, BigInteger cofactor, bool isInternal)
             : base(q)
         {
-            if (isInternal)
+            if (!isInternal)
             {
-                this.m_q = q;
-                if (!knownQs.Contains(q))
-                {
-                    knownQs.Add(q, q);
-                }
-            }
-            else if (knownQs.Contains(q))
-            {
-                this.m_q = q;
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                int maxBitLength = AsInteger("Org.BouncyCastle.EC.Fp_MaxSize", 1042); // 2 * 521
-                int certainty = AsInteger("Org.BouncyCastle.EC.Fp_Certainty", 100);
+                bool unknownQ;
+                lock (KnownQs) unknownQ = !KnownQs.Contains(q);
 
-                int qBitLength = q.BitLength;
-                if (maxBitLength < qBitLength)
+                if (unknownQ)
                 {
-                    throw new ArgumentException("Fp q value out of range");
-                }
+                    int maxBitLength = AsInteger("Org.BouncyCastle.EC.Fp_MaxSize", 1042); // 2 * 521
+                    int certainty = AsInteger("Org.BouncyCastle.EC.Fp_Certainty", 100);
 
-                if (Primes.HasAnySmallFactors(q) || !Primes.IsMRProbablePrime(
-                    q, random, GetNumberOfIterations(qBitLength, certainty)))
-                {
-                    throw new ArgumentException("Fp q value not prime");
-                }
+                    int qBitLength = q.BitLength;
+                    if (maxBitLength < qBitLength)
+                        throw new ArgumentException("Fp q value out of range");
 
-                this.m_q = q;
+                    if (Primes.HasAnySmallFactors(q) ||
+                        !Primes.IsMRProbablePrime(q, random, GetNumberOfIterations(qBitLength, certainty)))
+                    {
+                        throw new ArgumentException("Fp q value not prime");
+                    }
+                }
             }
 
+            lock (KnownQs) KnownQs.Add(q);
+            this.m_q = q;
+
             this.m_r = FpFieldElement.CalculateResidue(q);
             this.m_infinity = new FpPoint(this, null, null);
 
diff --git a/crypto/src/math/ec/ECPoint.cs b/crypto/src/math/ec/ECPoint.cs
index f32376455..dcda5abfc 100644
--- a/crypto/src/math/ec/ECPoint.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/math/ec/ECPoint.cs
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 using System;
-using System.Collections;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Text;
 
 using Org.BouncyCastle.Math.EC.Multiplier;
@@ -51,8 +51,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Math.EC
         protected internal readonly ECFieldElement m_x, m_y;
         protected internal readonly ECFieldElement[] m_zs;
 
-        // Dictionary is (string -> PreCompInfo)
-        protected internal IDictionary m_preCompTable = null;
+        protected internal IDictionary<string, PreCompInfo> m_preCompTable = null;
 
         protected ECPoint(ECCurve curve, ECFieldElement	x, ECFieldElement y)
             : this(curve, x, y, GetInitialZCoords(curve))
diff --git a/crypto/src/openssl/MiscPemGenerator.cs b/crypto/src/openssl/MiscPemGenerator.cs
index 3db299569..294cf0afb 100644
--- a/crypto/src/openssl/MiscPemGenerator.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/openssl/MiscPemGenerator.cs
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 using System;
-using System.Collections;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.IO;
 
 using Org.BouncyCastle.Asn1;
@@ -195,11 +195,9 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.OpenSsl
 
             byte[] encData = PemUtilities.Crypt(true, keyData, password, dekAlgName, iv);
 
-            IList headers = Platform.CreateArrayList(2);
-
+            var headers = new List<PemHeader>(2);
             headers.Add(new PemHeader("Proc-Type", "4,ENCRYPTED"));
-            headers.Add(new PemHeader("DEK-Info", dekAlgName + ","
-                          + Strings.ToUpperCase(Hex.ToHexString(iv))));
+            headers.Add(new PemHeader("DEK-Info", dekAlgName + "," + Hex.ToHexString(iv).ToUpperInvariant()));
 
             return new PemObject(type, headers, encData);
         }
diff --git a/crypto/src/util/Strings.cs b/crypto/src/util/Strings.cs
index 1a94d2bff..1d0c94611 100644
--- a/crypto/src/util/Strings.cs
+++ b/crypto/src/util/Strings.cs
@@ -6,31 +6,6 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Utilities
     /// <summary> General string utilities.</summary>
     public abstract class Strings
     {
-
-        public static string ToUpperCase(string original)
-        {
-            bool changed = false;
-            char[] chars = original.ToCharArray();
-
-            for (int i = 0; i != chars.Length; i++)
-            {
-                char ch = chars[i];
-                if ('a' <= ch && 'z' >= ch)
-                {
-                    changed = true;
-                    chars[i] = (char)(ch - 'a' + 'A');
-                }
-            }
-
-            if (changed)
-            {
-                return new string(chars);
-            }
-
-            return original;
-        }
-
-
         internal static bool IsOneOf(string s, params string[] candidates)
         {
             foreach (string candidate in candidates)
@@ -41,8 +16,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Utilities
             return false;
         }
 
-        public static string FromByteArray(
-            byte[] bs)
+        public static string FromByteArray(byte[] bs)
         {
             char[] cs = new char[bs.Length];
             for (int i = 0; i < cs.Length; ++i)
@@ -52,8 +26,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Utilities
             return new string(cs);
         }
 
-        public static byte[] ToByteArray(
-            char[] cs)
+        public static byte[] ToByteArray(char[] cs)
         {
             byte[] bs = new byte[cs.Length];
             for (int i = 0; i < bs.Length; ++i)
@@ -63,8 +36,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Utilities
             return bs;
         }
 
-        public static byte[] ToByteArray(
-            string s)
+        public static byte[] ToByteArray(string s)
         {
             byte[] bs = new byte[s.Length];
             for (int i = 0; i < bs.Length; ++i)
@@ -74,53 +46,32 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Utilities
             return bs;
         }
 
-        public static string FromAsciiByteArray(
-            byte[] bytes)
+        public static string FromAsciiByteArray(byte[] bytes)
         {
-#if PORTABLE
-            // TODO Check for non-ASCII bytes in input?
-            return Encoding.UTF8.GetString(bytes, 0, bytes.Length);
-#else
             return Encoding.ASCII.GetString(bytes, 0, bytes.Length);
-#endif
         }
 
-        public static byte[] ToAsciiByteArray(
-            char[] cs)
+        public static byte[] ToAsciiByteArray(char[] cs)
         {
-#if PORTABLE
-            // TODO Check for non-ASCII characters in input?
-            return Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(cs);
-#else
             return Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(cs);
-#endif
         }
 
-        public static byte[] ToAsciiByteArray(
-            string s)
+        public static byte[] ToAsciiByteArray(string s)
         {
-#if PORTABLE
-            // TODO Check for non-ASCII characters in input?
-            return Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(s);
-#else
             return Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(s);
-#endif
         }
 
-        public static string FromUtf8ByteArray(
-            byte[] bytes)
+        public static string FromUtf8ByteArray(byte[] bytes)
         {
             return Encoding.UTF8.GetString(bytes, 0, bytes.Length);
         }
 
-        public static byte[] ToUtf8ByteArray(
-            char[] cs)
+        public static byte[] ToUtf8ByteArray(char[] cs)
         {
             return Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(cs);
         }
 
-        public static byte[] ToUtf8ByteArray(
-            string s)
+        public static byte[] ToUtf8ByteArray(string s)
         {
             return Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(s);
         }
diff --git a/crypto/test/src/crypto/test/NaccacheSternTest.cs b/crypto/test/src/crypto/test/NaccacheSternTest.cs
index db92770b5..7a6d98b3a 100644
--- a/crypto/test/src/crypto/test/NaccacheSternTest.cs
+++ b/crypto/test/src/crypto/test/NaccacheSternTest.cs
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 using System;
-using System.Collections;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
 
 using NUnit.Framework;
 
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ namespace Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Tests
 
 		static readonly BigInteger g = BigInteger.ValueOf(131);
 
-		static readonly IList smallPrimes = new ArrayList();
+		static readonly IList<BigInteger> smallPrimes = new List<BigInteger>();
 
 		// static final BigInteger paperTest = BigInteger.ValueOf(202);